Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Kidney cancer treatment sometimes begins with surgery to remove the cancer. For cancers confined to the kidney, this may be the only treatment needed. Sometimes medicine is given after surgery to lower the risk that the cancer will come back. If the cancer has spread beyond the kidney, surgery might not be possible. Other treatments may be recommended. […] Your healthcare team considers many factors when creating a treatment plan. These factors may include your overall health, the type and stage of your cancer, and your preferences. […] During a partial nephrectomy, only the cancerous tumor or diseased tissue is removed, leaving in place as much healthy kidney tissue as possible. Partial nephrectomy is also called kidney-sparing surgery. […] For most cancers confined to the kidney, surgery is the first treatment. The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer while preserving kidney function, when possible.

• #2 Kidney Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with kidney cancer, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against its possible risks and side effects. For some people with early-stage cancers, its important to discuss if treatment is needed at all, since active surveillance can sometimes be a good option. […] Local therapies treat the tumor but dont affect the rest of the body. They are more likely to be useful for earlier stage (less advanced) cancers, although they might also be used in some other situations. […] Kidney cancer can also be treated by giving medicines by mouth or directly into the bloodstream. These are called systemic therapies because they can reach cancer cells almost anywhere in the body. These treatments can be helpful for more advanced kidney cancers, although they might also be used to help treat some earlier stage cancers. Different types of drugs might be used.

• #2 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Kidney-sparing surgery is a common treatment for small kidney cancers and it may be an option if you have only one kidney. When possible, kidney-sparing surgery is generally preferred over a complete nephrectomy to preserve kidney function. It also may reduce the risk of later complications, such as kidney disease and the need for dialysis. […] Cryoablation is a treatment to freeze cancer cells. During cryoablation, a special hollow needle is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other image guidance. Cold gas in the needle is used to freeze the cancer cells. […] Radiofrequency ablation is a treatment to heat cancer cells. During radiofrequency ablation, a special probe is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other imaging to guide placement of the probe. An electrical current is run through the needle and into the cancer cells. This causes the cells to heat up or burn.

• #3 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Kidney-sparing surgery is a common treatment for small kidney cancers and it may be an option if you have only one kidney. When possible, kidney-sparing surgery is generally preferred over a complete nephrectomy to preserve kidney function. It also may reduce the risk of later complications, such as kidney disease and the need for dialysis. […] Cryoablation is a treatment to freeze cancer cells. During cryoablation, a special hollow needle is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other image guidance. Cold gas in the needle is used to freeze the cancer cells. […] Radiofrequency ablation is a treatment to heat cancer cells. During radiofrequency ablation, a special probe is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other imaging to guide placement of the probe. An electrical current is run through the needle and into the cancer cells. This causes the cells to heat up or burn.

• #4 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  At MD Anderson, these surgeries are usually minimally invasive, meaning only a few small incisions are needed. […] You can usually live with one kidney, but if both kidneys are removed or not working you will need dialysis (a way to clean the blood with a machine). A kidney transplant may be an option for some patients. […] The two main types of surgery for kidney cancer include: […] Partial nephrectomy (or kidney-sparing surgery): Only the cancerous portion of the kidney is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around it. […] Radical nephrectomy: In this procedure, the entire kidney along with the surrounding fatty tissue is removed. Sometimes the adrenal gland and nearby lymph nodes are also removed. Radical nephrectomy is typically performed on patients with more advanced cancer.

• #5 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  At MD Anderson, these surgeries are usually minimally invasive, meaning only a few small incisions are needed. […] You can usually live with one kidney, but if both kidneys are removed or not working you will need dialysis (a way to clean the blood with a machine). A kidney transplant may be an option for some patients. […] The two main types of surgery for kidney cancer include: […] Partial nephrectomy (or kidney-sparing surgery): Only the cancerous portion of the kidney is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around it. […] Radical nephrectomy: In this procedure, the entire kidney along with the surrounding fatty tissue is removed. Sometimes the adrenal gland and nearby lymph nodes are also removed. Radical nephrectomy is typically performed on patients with more advanced cancer.

• #6 Treatment for Kidney Cancer | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/cancer-care/genitourinary-cancer-care/kidney-cancer/treatments

  At Northwestern Medicine, we treat patients at all stages of kidney cancer, from early to advanced. […] For smaller or localized masses, surgery is, generally, the primary treatment. […] Kidney cancer that has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body often require systemic therapy. Surgery may also be performed in combination with other therapies. […] Surgical treatment of kidney cancer can take one of three forms: […] Partial nephrectomy: Removal of the cancerous tissue from the kidney while preserving the healthy remainder of the kidney. […] Radical nephrectomy: For larger tumors or when partial nephrectomy is not feasible, this surgery removes the entire diseased kidney, tissues surrounding the kidney and a portion of the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. […] Ablation: This technique destroys cancerous tissue without removing it, either by freezing it or applying high heat through a special device.

• #7 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Kidney-sparing surgery is a common treatment for small kidney cancers and it may be an option if you have only one kidney. When possible, kidney-sparing surgery is generally preferred over a complete nephrectomy to preserve kidney function. It also may reduce the risk of later complications, such as kidney disease and the need for dialysis. […] Cryoablation is a treatment to freeze cancer cells. During cryoablation, a special hollow needle is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other image guidance. Cold gas in the needle is used to freeze the cancer cells. […] Radiofrequency ablation is a treatment to heat cancer cells. During radiofrequency ablation, a special probe is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other imaging to guide placement of the probe. An electrical current is run through the needle and into the cancer cells. This causes the cells to heat up or burn.

• #8 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Kidney-sparing surgery is a common treatment for small kidney cancers and it may be an option if you have only one kidney. When possible, kidney-sparing surgery is generally preferred over a complete nephrectomy to preserve kidney function. It also may reduce the risk of later complications, such as kidney disease and the need for dialysis. […] Cryoablation is a treatment to freeze cancer cells. During cryoablation, a special hollow needle is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other image guidance. Cold gas in the needle is used to freeze the cancer cells. […] Radiofrequency ablation is a treatment to heat cancer cells. During radiofrequency ablation, a special probe is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other imaging to guide placement of the probe. An electrical current is run through the needle and into the cancer cells. This causes the cells to heat up or burn.

• #9 Treatment options for kidney cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/kidney-cancer/treatment/decisions

  Your treatment depends on factors such as the size of the cancer and if it has spread away from your kidney. You might have one or more treatments. These may include surgery and targeted and immunotherapy cancer drugs. […] The main treatments for kidney cancer are: surgery, cryotherapy, microwave or radiofrequency ablation, blocking the blood supply to the cancer (renal arterial embolisation), targeted or immunotherapy cancer drugs, radiotherapy. […] Surgery is the main treatment for kidney cancer that hasn’t spread to another part of your body. The surgeon may remove part or all of your kidney. […] Cryotherapy (or cryoablation) kills cancer cells by freezing them. Your doctor puts a needle through your skin into the kidney and freezes the cancer cells with a cold gas. […] Microwave or radiofrequency ablation uses heat to kill cancer cells. Your doctor puts a needle through your skin into the kidney and heats the cancer cells with microwaves or radiofrequency energy.

• #10 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Kidney-sparing surgery is a common treatment for small kidney cancers and it may be an option if you have only one kidney. When possible, kidney-sparing surgery is generally preferred over a complete nephrectomy to preserve kidney function. It also may reduce the risk of later complications, such as kidney disease and the need for dialysis. […] Cryoablation is a treatment to freeze cancer cells. During cryoablation, a special hollow needle is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other image guidance. Cold gas in the needle is used to freeze the cancer cells. […] Radiofrequency ablation is a treatment to heat cancer cells. During radiofrequency ablation, a special probe is inserted through the skin and into the kidney cancer using ultrasound or other imaging to guide placement of the probe. An electrical current is run through the needle and into the cancer cells. This causes the cells to heat up or burn.

• #11 Treatment and support for kidney cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-cancer/treatment/

  Radiofrequency ablation is where radio waves are used to kill cancer cells. […] You may have radiofrequency ablation for kidney cancer if: the cancer is small and you’re too unwell to have surgery to remove it […] the cancer is large or has spread, to help control your symptoms. […] Targeted cancer medicines aim to stop the cancer from growing. […] You may have treatment with targeted medicines for kidney cancer if: the cancer has spread to other parts of your body […] the cancer has come back after treatment. […] Radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Its not used very often for kidney cancer, but is sometimes used to control symptoms if: the cancer cannot be removed by surgery […] the cancer has spread to other parts of your body. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells.

• #12 Treatment of Stage I – III Renal Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/renal-cancer/treatment-of-stage-i-iii-renal-cancer

• #13 Treatment options for kidney cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/kidney-cancer/treatment/decisions

  Blocking the blood supply for kidney cancer is called renal artery embolisation. Your doctor might block the blood supply to just the cancer or the whole kidney. […] Targeted cancer drugs target the differences between cancer cells and normal cells that help them grow and survive. Immunotherapy uses your immune system to fight cancer. […] You may also have targeted and immunotherapy drugs if you have advanced kidney cancer. […] Radiotherapy uses high energy rays similar to x-rays to destroy cancer cells. […] Surgery is the main treatment for stage 1, 2 or 3 kidney cancer. […] If you cant have surgery, you might have treatment with targeted or immunotherapy cancer drugs. […] You normally have targeted or immunotherapy cancer drugs if the cancer has come back in another part of the body. […] Your doctor might ask if youd like to take part in a clinical trial.

• #14 Treatments for kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment

  Targeted therapy uses drugs that target proteins on the cancer cells. It is used for advanced kidney cancer. […] Immunotherapy for kidney cancer uses the drug interferon. […] External beam radiation therapy may be used to treat pain and bleeding from kidney cancer. […] Arterial embolization blocks the blood supply to the kidney to shrink the kidney tumour in people who cant have surgery. […] Ablation therapies destroy kidney cancer using heat or cold in people who cant have surgery. […] If you have kidney cancer but dont have any symptoms, you may be offered active surveillance. This means that your healthcare team watches the cancer closely rather than giving treatment right away. They will use tests and examine you to see if the kidney cancer is growing or spreading. […] Follow-up after kidney cancer varies.

• #15 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  When the cancer has spread, targeted therapy and immunotherapy may be effective. […] Most of the time, kidney cancer doesnt respond to chemotherapy. […] Over the last decade, treatment advances have given patients with metastatic kidney cancer more time. […] Though these treatment options can be effective at treating metastatic tumors, they also often come with challenging side effects, like diarrhea, fatigue and painful blisters on the skin. […] Msaouel has teamed up with radiation oncologist Chad Tang, M.D., to investigate whether radiation therapy can be used to manage metastatic kidney cancer as an alternative to systemic therapy. […] Early results from the clinical trial Msaouel and Tang are co-leading show that some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma can delay or avoid immunotherapy or targeted therapy and their negative side effects if they undergo radiation therapy first. […] By radiating metastatic cancer cells, they can shrink tumors and potentially even keep them from coming back for years at a time with fewer treatments and fewer side effects.

• #16 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  Other minimally invasive techniques use either heat or cold to treat tumors in place, without having to remove any of the kidney. These are ideal for smaller kidney tumors in patients considered at high risk for surgery. […] While many medications directly kill cancer cells, targeted therapy works by stopping or slowing the growth or spread of cancer. […] Most targeted therapies for kidney cancer are angiogenesis inhibitors. Angiogenesis is the process of tumors creating their own network of blood vessels, enabling the cancer to thrive and grow. Angiogenesis inhibitors disrupt this process. […] Like targeted therapy, immunotherapy does not directly kill cancer cells. Instead, these drugs work by improving the ability of the patients immune system to eliminate cancer. […] Most immunotherapies for kidney cancer are known as checkpoint inhibitors. These medications help cancer-fighting immune cells, called T cells, mount a longer-lasting response against the disease.

• #17 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Targeted drugs are used mainly to treat advanced kidney cancer. One of these drugs is typically part of the first treatment for advanced cancers, often along with an immunotherapy drug. […] Many different targeted drugs can be used to treat kidney cancer. If one doesn’t work, another can be tried. It’s not yet clear if one sequence of drugs is better than another. Studies are being done to help answer this. […] The targeted drug sunitinib (Sutent) might also be an option as an adjuvant treatment after surgery to remove the kidney, to help lower the risk that the cancer will come back. […] Most of the targeted drugs used to treat kidney cancer work by blocking proteins called tyrosine kinases inside cancer cells that normally help them grow, or that help them create new blood vessels that feed the tumor.

• #18 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Sunitinib acts by blocking both angiogenesis and several tyrosine kinases in cancer cells that are important for their growth and survival. […] Sunitinib can be used in people with advanced kidney cancer. It might also be an option after surgery in people with a high risk of their cancer returning, to help lower the risk that the cancer will come back, although an immunotherapy drug such as pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is more likely to be used in this situation instead. […] Pazopanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth, as well as the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Cabozantinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help cancer cells grow and survive, as well as some that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that helps block new blood vessels from forming in the tumor, as well as targeting some of the proteins in cancer cells that normally help them grow.

• #19 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Sunitinib acts by blocking both angiogenesis and several tyrosine kinases in cancer cells that are important for their growth and survival. […] Sunitinib can be used in people with advanced kidney cancer. It might also be an option after surgery in people with a high risk of their cancer returning, to help lower the risk that the cancer will come back, although an immunotherapy drug such as pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is more likely to be used in this situation instead. […] Pazopanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth, as well as the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Cabozantinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help cancer cells grow and survive, as well as some that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that helps block new blood vessels from forming in the tumor, as well as targeting some of the proteins in cancer cells that normally help them grow.

• #20 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Sunitinib acts by blocking both angiogenesis and several tyrosine kinases in cancer cells that are important for their growth and survival. […] Sunitinib can be used in people with advanced kidney cancer. It might also be an option after surgery in people with a high risk of their cancer returning, to help lower the risk that the cancer will come back, although an immunotherapy drug such as pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is more likely to be used in this situation instead. […] Pazopanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth, as well as the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Cabozantinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help cancer cells grow and survive, as well as some that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that helps block new blood vessels from forming in the tumor, as well as targeting some of the proteins in cancer cells that normally help them grow.

• #21 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Sunitinib acts by blocking both angiogenesis and several tyrosine kinases in cancer cells that are important for their growth and survival. […] Sunitinib can be used in people with advanced kidney cancer. It might also be an option after surgery in people with a high risk of their cancer returning, to help lower the risk that the cancer will come back, although an immunotherapy drug such as pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is more likely to be used in this situation instead. […] Pazopanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth, as well as the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Cabozantinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help cancer cells grow and survive, as well as some that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that helps block new blood vessels from forming in the tumor, as well as targeting some of the proteins in cancer cells that normally help them grow.

• #22 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Bevacizumab works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels. It can be used to treat advanced kidney cancer, either alone or along with another drug. […] Axitinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Tivozanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth and the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Belzutifan is a HIF inhibitor. It blocks a protein called hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2a), which is involved in both cancer cell growth and new blood vessel formation in tumors. […] Temsirolimus works by blocking a protein known as mTOR, which normally helps cells grow and divide. […] Everolimus also blocks the mTOR protein.

• #23 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Bevacizumab works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels. It can be used to treat advanced kidney cancer, either alone or along with another drug. […] Axitinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Tivozanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth and the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Belzutifan is a HIF inhibitor. It blocks a protein called hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2a), which is involved in both cancer cell growth and new blood vessel formation in tumors. […] Temsirolimus works by blocking a protein known as mTOR, which normally helps cells grow and divide. […] Everolimus also blocks the mTOR protein.

• #24 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Bevacizumab works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels. It can be used to treat advanced kidney cancer, either alone or along with another drug. […] Axitinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Tivozanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth and the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Belzutifan is a HIF inhibitor. It blocks a protein called hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2a), which is involved in both cancer cell growth and new blood vessel formation in tumors. […] Temsirolimus works by blocking a protein known as mTOR, which normally helps cells grow and divide. […] Everolimus also blocks the mTOR protein.

• #25 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Bevacizumab works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels. It can be used to treat advanced kidney cancer, either alone or along with another drug. […] Axitinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Tivozanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth and the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Belzutifan is a HIF inhibitor. It blocks a protein called hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2a), which is involved in both cancer cell growth and new blood vessel formation in tumors. […] Temsirolimus works by blocking a protein known as mTOR, which normally helps cells grow and divide. […] Everolimus also blocks the mTOR protein.

• #26 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Bevacizumab works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels. It can be used to treat advanced kidney cancer, either alone or along with another drug. […] Axitinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Tivozanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth and the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Belzutifan is a HIF inhibitor. It blocks a protein called hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2a), which is involved in both cancer cell growth and new blood vessel formation in tumors. […] Temsirolimus works by blocking a protein known as mTOR, which normally helps cells grow and divide. […] Everolimus also blocks the mTOR protein.

• #27 Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer │Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html

  Bevacizumab works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels. It can be used to treat advanced kidney cancer, either alone or along with another drug. […] Axitinib blocks several tyrosine kinases that help form new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Tivozanib blocks several tyrosine kinases involved in cancer cell growth and the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor. […] Belzutifan is a HIF inhibitor. It blocks a protein called hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2a), which is involved in both cancer cell growth and new blood vessel formation in tumors. […] Temsirolimus works by blocking a protein known as mTOR, which normally helps cells grow and divide. […] Everolimus also blocks the mTOR protein.

• #28 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you. The machine directs radiation to precise points on your body. […] Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. […] Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] For kidney cancer, immunotherapy may be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that might remain. It also may be used when the cancer grows very large or spreads to other parts of the body. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Many chemotherapy medicines exist. Most are given through a vein. Usually, kidney cancers are resistant to chemotherapy. However, it may be used for certain rare types of kidney cancer.

• #29 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  Other minimally invasive techniques use either heat or cold to treat tumors in place, without having to remove any of the kidney. These are ideal for smaller kidney tumors in patients considered at high risk for surgery. […] While many medications directly kill cancer cells, targeted therapy works by stopping or slowing the growth or spread of cancer. […] Most targeted therapies for kidney cancer are angiogenesis inhibitors. Angiogenesis is the process of tumors creating their own network of blood vessels, enabling the cancer to thrive and grow. Angiogenesis inhibitors disrupt this process. […] Like targeted therapy, immunotherapy does not directly kill cancer cells. Instead, these drugs work by improving the ability of the patients immune system to eliminate cancer. […] Most immunotherapies for kidney cancer are known as checkpoint inhibitors. These medications help cancer-fighting immune cells, called T cells, mount a longer-lasting response against the disease.

• #30 Kidney Cancer Systemic Treatments: Immunotherapy & Targeted Treatments | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/kidney/treatment/chemotherapy-targeted-therapy

  Drugs called checkpoint inhibitors are standard immunotherapy treatments to manage kidney cancer that has spread to other body parts (metastatic disease). Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs given to you by infusion through an intravenous (IV) line into your vein. They work by taking the brakes off the immune system and allowing your own immune cells to attack your cancer. […] Many kidney cancers have a lot of immune cells that are asleep. This type of drug can reactivate, or wake up, the immune cells to fight cancer and attract additional immune cells from other parts of your body. These medications often work well against kidney cancer. […] Immunotherapy treatments for kidney cancer are given intravenously and require regular visits to the clinic. Treatments usually are given in an outpatient setting, with no need for hospitalization.

• #31 Drug Treatments for Kidney Cancer – Kidney Cancer UK

  https://www.kcuk.org.uk/kidneycancer/drug-treatments-for-kidney-cancer/

  These treatments starve the tumour by stopping the development of a new blood supply (angiogenesis). […] Another group of protein kinase inhibitors, called mTOR inhibitors, everolimus (Afinitor), this acts in a similar manner to TKIs by interfering with the signalling pathway that controls tumour cell growth and angiogenesis. […] A TKI called lenvatanib can be taken with in combination with everolimus when kidney cancer has come back after or during treatment. […] The immunotherapy interleukin-2 used to be the main treatments for advanced kidney cancer. […] However, its use has been superseded by targeted therapies and monoclonal antibodies, which are more effective at controlling the cancer and have less severe side-effects. […] Nivolumab (Opdivo) is an anti-PD-1 (programmed death-1) monoclonal antibody which acts by blocking the receptor PD-1 on T-cells (part of the immune system), which reinvigorates the T-cells and allows them to attack the cancer cells.

• #32 Treatments for stage 4 kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment/stage-4

  Targeted therapy drugs that work on mTOR to treat stage 4 kidney cancer include: temsirolimus (Torisel), everolimus (Afinitor). […] A targeted therapy drug that works on tyrosine kinase (called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) to treat stage 4 kidney cancer is lenvatinib (Lenvima). […] You may be offered surgery before you start targeted therapy. […] If kidney cancer spreads to the brain or lungs, surgery is sometimes used to treat it. […] Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to find and destroy cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy drugs used to treat stage 4 kidney cancer includes: Nivolumab (Opdivo), a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab (Yervoy), Nivolumab may be combined with a targeted therapy drug called cabozantinib (Cabometyx), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda).

• #33 Treatments for stage 4 kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment/stage-4

  Targeted therapy drugs that work on mTOR to treat stage 4 kidney cancer include: temsirolimus (Torisel), everolimus (Afinitor). […] A targeted therapy drug that works on tyrosine kinase (called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) to treat stage 4 kidney cancer is lenvatinib (Lenvima). […] You may be offered surgery before you start targeted therapy. […] If kidney cancer spreads to the brain or lungs, surgery is sometimes used to treat it. […] Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to find and destroy cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy drugs used to treat stage 4 kidney cancer includes: Nivolumab (Opdivo), a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab (Yervoy), Nivolumab may be combined with a targeted therapy drug called cabozantinib (Cabometyx), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda).

• #34 Drug Treatments for Kidney Cancer – Kidney Cancer UK

  https://www.kcuk.org.uk/kidneycancer/drug-treatments-for-kidney-cancer/

  Nivolumab is currently approved in the UK for use as a second line treatment of metastatic kidney cancer. […] Nivolumab and Ipilimumab (Opdivo and Yervoy) is a combination immunotherapy treatment. […] Currently new combination treatments are being reviewed in the UK. […] In the UK, sunitinib, pazopanib and tivozanib are commonly used as first-line treatment for advanced kidney cancer that had been categorised as favourable risk (IMDC). […] Those with intermediate or poor risk may be offered nivolumab and ipilimumab or cabozantinib and nivolumab. […] Avelumab is a type of cancer treatment known as immunotherapy. […] Axitinib is a type of cancer treatment known as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). […] The choice of a second line treatment, given when the first treatment ceased to be effective or can’t be tolerated is dependent what has initially been given.

• #35 Treatments for stage 4 kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment/stage-4

  Targeted therapy drugs that work on mTOR to treat stage 4 kidney cancer include: temsirolimus (Torisel), everolimus (Afinitor). […] A targeted therapy drug that works on tyrosine kinase (called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) to treat stage 4 kidney cancer is lenvatinib (Lenvima). […] You may be offered surgery before you start targeted therapy. […] If kidney cancer spreads to the brain or lungs, surgery is sometimes used to treat it. […] Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to find and destroy cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy drugs used to treat stage 4 kidney cancer includes: Nivolumab (Opdivo), a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab (Yervoy), Nivolumab may be combined with a targeted therapy drug called cabozantinib (Cabometyx), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda).

• #36 Kidney Cancer Treatment | KCCure | advanced kidney cancer

  https://kccure.org/patient-information/

  Sutent Sunitinib Targeted Therapy: Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) or VEGF inhibitor Oral medication Pfizer 2006 approval for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC); 2017 approval for RCC at high risk of recurrence 2nd line; 1st line for patients ineligible for immunotherapy; and as adjuvant treatment. […] Afinitor Everolimus Targeted Therapy: mTOR-Inhibitor Oral medication Novartis 2009 approval for metastatic RCC after failure of treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib 2nd or later line, now primarily in combination with Lenvima […] Torisel Temsirolimus Targeted Therapy: mTOR-Inhibitor Infusion Pfizer 2007 approval for metastatic RCC Approved for poor risk 1st line for select patients; but now rarely used given alternatives […] Avastin/ Interferon (IFN) Bevacizumab /Interferon alfa VEGF-Antibody + immunotherapy Infusion/ subcutaneous injection Genentech 2009 approval for metastatic RCC 1st line approval, rarely used given limited efficacy and IFN side effects

• #37 Kidney Cancer Treatment | KCCure | advanced kidney cancer

  https://kccure.org/patient-information/

  Nexavar Sorafenib Targeted Therapy: TKI, VEGF inhibitor Oral medication Bayer 2005 approval for metastatic RCC Late line […] Proleukin Aldesleukin (also known as high-dose Interleukin-2 IL-2, HDIL-2) Immunotherapy Inpatient Infusion Prometheus 1992 approval for metastatic RCC Remains a treatment option with curative potential in selected patients.

• #38 Immunotherapy for Kidney Cancer – Cancer Research Institute

  https://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer

  Immunotherapy for kidney cancer—also called renal cell cancer—has tremendously changed the treatment landscape and overall survival of patients with metastatic kidney cancer. […] Treatment for kidney cancer depends on individual factors, including the exact location of the tumor, stage of the tumor, and the person’s general health. Treatments for early stages (1-3) kidney cancer include complete and partial nephrectomy. A section of patients with high risk features might be eligible to receive immunotherapy after surgery. Patients with advanced or metastatic kidney cancer are treated with systemic therapy that includes targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Kidney cancer tends to be resistant to chemotherapy. […] Immunotherapy is a type of therapy that takes advantage of a person’s own immune system to help kill cancer cells.

• #39 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  Most traditional chemotherapy is generally ineffective against kidney tumors, so it is currently not used often. Chemotherapy can be used in cases of patients with medullary kidney cancer. […] Kidney tumors are not very sensitive to standard forms of radiation but healthy kidney cells are. For this reason, standard radiation therapy has a limited role in the treating the primary kidney tumor. […] In rare cases, radiation oncologists may use highly focused beams to treat the tumor. […] Researchers developed drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors, or anti-angiogenic therapy, to disrupt the growth process. […] If renal cell carcinoma is growing slowly, active surveillance may be an option. […] Surgery to remove the affected kidney offers the highest chance for successful treatment when cancer hasnt spread.

• #40 Kidney Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9409-kidney-cancer-overview

  Kidney cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Surgery is the treatment of choice for most stages of kidney cancer. Several surgical options may be considered, including: Partial nephrectomy: Your surgeon removes the part of your kidney that contains the tumor. Radical nephrectomy: Your surgeon removes your entire kidney and some of the tissue around it. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend radiation therapy if you only have one kidney or if you’re not eligible for surgery. Radiation therapy is most often used for easing kidney cancer symptoms, such as pain. […] Targeted drug therapy blocks certain characteristics that help cancer cells thrive. […] Immunotherapy uses certain medications to boost your own immune system. […] Chemotherapy isn’t a standard treatment for kidney cancer. But it can be helpful in some cases usually only after trying immunotherapy and targeted drug therapy.

• #41 Treatment and support for kidney cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-cancer/treatment/

  Radiofrequency ablation is where radio waves are used to kill cancer cells. […] You may have radiofrequency ablation for kidney cancer if: the cancer is small and you’re too unwell to have surgery to remove it […] the cancer is large or has spread, to help control your symptoms. […] Targeted cancer medicines aim to stop the cancer from growing. […] You may have treatment with targeted medicines for kidney cancer if: the cancer has spread to other parts of your body […] the cancer has come back after treatment. […] Radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Its not used very often for kidney cancer, but is sometimes used to control symptoms if: the cancer cannot be removed by surgery […] the cancer has spread to other parts of your body. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells.

• #42 Treating kidney cancer without surgery – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2024/03/26/treating-kidney-cancer-without-surgery/

  Recent research has shown that stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), also called stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), can be an effective treatment for people whose cancer remains in the kidney (localized). […] Research has also demonstrated that proton SBRT can be an effective treatment for people with kidney cancer. […] Dr. Rajkumar says adaptive radiation therapy can also help preserve kidney function. […] „For people with a larger number of tumors, the treatment is generally systemic therapy with immunotherapy or a type of targeted therapy called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor,” says Dr. Rajkumar. […] Systemic therapies for kidney cancer include: Targeted therapy: Targeted drug treatments focus on specific abnormalities in cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy uses your immune system to fight cancer. […] When a person isn’t at high risk for complications from surgery, surgeons may perform a procedure called a cytoreductive nephrectomy to remove the primary kidney tumor. […] Radiation therapy may offer an alternative to surgery. […] Ablation may also be an option for metastatic kidney cancer.

• #43 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  Most traditional chemotherapy is generally ineffective against kidney tumors, so it is currently not used often. Chemotherapy can be used in cases of patients with medullary kidney cancer. […] Kidney tumors are not very sensitive to standard forms of radiation but healthy kidney cells are. For this reason, standard radiation therapy has a limited role in the treating the primary kidney tumor. […] In rare cases, radiation oncologists may use highly focused beams to treat the tumor. […] Researchers developed drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors, or anti-angiogenic therapy, to disrupt the growth process. […] If renal cell carcinoma is growing slowly, active surveillance may be an option. […] Surgery to remove the affected kidney offers the highest chance for successful treatment when cancer hasnt spread.

• #44 Kidney Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9409-kidney-cancer-overview

  Kidney cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Surgery is the treatment of choice for most stages of kidney cancer. Several surgical options may be considered, including: Partial nephrectomy: Your surgeon removes the part of your kidney that contains the tumor. Radical nephrectomy: Your surgeon removes your entire kidney and some of the tissue around it. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend radiation therapy if you only have one kidney or if you’re not eligible for surgery. Radiation therapy is most often used for easing kidney cancer symptoms, such as pain. […] Targeted drug therapy blocks certain characteristics that help cancer cells thrive. […] Immunotherapy uses certain medications to boost your own immune system. […] Chemotherapy isn’t a standard treatment for kidney cancer. But it can be helpful in some cases usually only after trying immunotherapy and targeted drug therapy.

• #45 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  Most traditional chemotherapy is generally ineffective against kidney tumors, so it is currently not used often. Chemotherapy can be used in cases of patients with medullary kidney cancer. […] Kidney tumors are not very sensitive to standard forms of radiation but healthy kidney cells are. For this reason, standard radiation therapy has a limited role in the treating the primary kidney tumor. […] In rare cases, radiation oncologists may use highly focused beams to treat the tumor. […] Researchers developed drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors, or anti-angiogenic therapy, to disrupt the growth process. […] If renal cell carcinoma is growing slowly, active surveillance may be an option. […] Surgery to remove the affected kidney offers the highest chance for successful treatment when cancer hasnt spread.

• #46 Renal Cell Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq

  Renal cell cancer is a type of cancer that forms in tubules of the kidney. […] There are different types of treatment for people with renal cell cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy. […] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is often used to treat renal cell cancer. […] The main treatment for stage I renal cell cancer is surgery: partial nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment of stage II renal cell cancer may include: partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy followed by pembrolizumab, for cancer that is at high risk of coming back. […] Treatment of stage III renal cell cancer may include: radical nephrectomy, arterial embolization to reduce blood loss during surgery followed by radical nephrectomy. […] First-line treatment of stage IV renal cell cancer may include: ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment for renal cell cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #47 Renal Cell Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq

  Renal cell cancer is a type of cancer that forms in tubules of the kidney. […] There are different types of treatment for people with renal cell cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy. […] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is often used to treat renal cell cancer. […] The main treatment for stage I renal cell cancer is surgery: partial nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment of stage II renal cell cancer may include: partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy followed by pembrolizumab, for cancer that is at high risk of coming back. […] Treatment of stage III renal cell cancer may include: radical nephrectomy, arterial embolization to reduce blood loss during surgery followed by radical nephrectomy. […] First-line treatment of stage IV renal cell cancer may include: ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment for renal cell cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #48 Renal Cell Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq

  Renal cell cancer is a type of cancer that forms in tubules of the kidney. […] There are different types of treatment for people with renal cell cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy. […] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is often used to treat renal cell cancer. […] The main treatment for stage I renal cell cancer is surgery: partial nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment of stage II renal cell cancer may include: partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy followed by pembrolizumab, for cancer that is at high risk of coming back. […] Treatment of stage III renal cell cancer may include: radical nephrectomy, arterial embolization to reduce blood loss during surgery followed by radical nephrectomy. […] First-line treatment of stage IV renal cell cancer may include: ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment for renal cell cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #49 Renal Cell Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq

  Renal cell cancer is a type of cancer that forms in tubules of the kidney. […] There are different types of treatment for people with renal cell cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy. […] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is often used to treat renal cell cancer. […] The main treatment for stage I renal cell cancer is surgery: partial nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment of stage II renal cell cancer may include: partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy followed by pembrolizumab, for cancer that is at high risk of coming back. […] Treatment of stage III renal cell cancer may include: radical nephrectomy, arterial embolization to reduce blood loss during surgery followed by radical nephrectomy. […] First-line treatment of stage IV renal cell cancer may include: ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment for renal cell cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #50 Renal Cell Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq

  Renal cell cancer is a type of cancer that forms in tubules of the kidney. […] There are different types of treatment for people with renal cell cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy. […] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is often used to treat renal cell cancer. […] The main treatment for stage I renal cell cancer is surgery: partial nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment of stage II renal cell cancer may include: partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy followed by pembrolizumab, for cancer that is at high risk of coming back. […] Treatment of stage III renal cell cancer may include: radical nephrectomy, arterial embolization to reduce blood loss during surgery followed by radical nephrectomy. […] First-line treatment of stage IV renal cell cancer may include: ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment for renal cell cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #51 Treatments for stage 4 kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment/stage-4

  The following are treatment options for stage 4 kidney cancer. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to develop a treatment plan. […] Targeted therapy is the main treatment for stage 4 kidney cancer. Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules (such as proteins) on cancer cells or inside them. […] Your healthcare team will consider many disease-related and prognostic factors( predictors of survival) to help them decide which targeted therapy would be the most effective for you. […] Targeted therapy drugs that work on VEGF to treat stage 4 kidney cancer include: sunitinib (Sutent), pazopanib (Votrient), sorafenib (Nexavar), cabozantinib (Cabometyx), axitinib (Inlyta). […] Sunitinib is usually the first drug to be used because it has been shown to be the most effective.

• #52 Renal Cell Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq

  Renal cell cancer is a type of cancer that forms in tubules of the kidney. […] There are different types of treatment for people with renal cell cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy. […] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is often used to treat renal cell cancer. […] The main treatment for stage I renal cell cancer is surgery: partial nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment of stage II renal cell cancer may include: partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy followed by pembrolizumab, for cancer that is at high risk of coming back. […] Treatment of stage III renal cell cancer may include: radical nephrectomy, arterial embolization to reduce blood loss during surgery followed by radical nephrectomy. […] First-line treatment of stage IV renal cell cancer may include: ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment for renal cell cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #53 Renal Cell Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq

  Renal cell cancer is a type of cancer that forms in tubules of the kidney. […] There are different types of treatment for people with renal cell cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy. […] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is often used to treat renal cell cancer. […] The main treatment for stage I renal cell cancer is surgery: partial nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment of stage II renal cell cancer may include: partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy followed by pembrolizumab, for cancer that is at high risk of coming back. […] Treatment of stage III renal cell cancer may include: radical nephrectomy, arterial embolization to reduce blood loss during surgery followed by radical nephrectomy. […] First-line treatment of stage IV renal cell cancer may include: ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, radical nephrectomy. […] Treatment for renal cell cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #54 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  When the cancer has spread, targeted therapy and immunotherapy may be effective. […] Most of the time, kidney cancer doesnt respond to chemotherapy. […] Over the last decade, treatment advances have given patients with metastatic kidney cancer more time. […] Though these treatment options can be effective at treating metastatic tumors, they also often come with challenging side effects, like diarrhea, fatigue and painful blisters on the skin. […] Msaouel has teamed up with radiation oncologist Chad Tang, M.D., to investigate whether radiation therapy can be used to manage metastatic kidney cancer as an alternative to systemic therapy. […] Early results from the clinical trial Msaouel and Tang are co-leading show that some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma can delay or avoid immunotherapy or targeted therapy and their negative side effects if they undergo radiation therapy first. […] By radiating metastatic cancer cells, they can shrink tumors and potentially even keep them from coming back for years at a time with fewer treatments and fewer side effects.

• #55 Treatments for stage 4 kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment/stage-4

  The following are treatment options for stage 4 kidney cancer. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to develop a treatment plan. […] Targeted therapy is the main treatment for stage 4 kidney cancer. Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules (such as proteins) on cancer cells or inside them. […] Your healthcare team will consider many disease-related and prognostic factors( predictors of survival) to help them decide which targeted therapy would be the most effective for you. […] Targeted therapy drugs that work on VEGF to treat stage 4 kidney cancer include: sunitinib (Sutent), pazopanib (Votrient), sorafenib (Nexavar), cabozantinib (Cabometyx), axitinib (Inlyta). […] Sunitinib is usually the first drug to be used because it has been shown to be the most effective.

• #56 Treatments for stage 4 kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment/stage-4

  Targeted therapy drugs that work on mTOR to treat stage 4 kidney cancer include: temsirolimus (Torisel), everolimus (Afinitor). […] A targeted therapy drug that works on tyrosine kinase (called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) to treat stage 4 kidney cancer is lenvatinib (Lenvima). […] You may be offered surgery before you start targeted therapy. […] If kidney cancer spreads to the brain or lungs, surgery is sometimes used to treat it. […] Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to find and destroy cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy drugs used to treat stage 4 kidney cancer includes: Nivolumab (Opdivo), a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab (Yervoy), Nivolumab may be combined with a targeted therapy drug called cabozantinib (Cabometyx), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda).

• #57 Treatments for kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment

  If you have kidney cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. When deciding which treatments to offer for kidney cancer, your healthcare team will consider: […] The main treatment for stage I kidney cancer is removal of the kidney. […] Stage II kidney cancer is treated with surgery, but there are other options if you cant have surgery. […] Surgery to remove the whole kidney is the standard treatment for stage 3 kidney cancer. […] Targeted therapy is the treatment for stage IV kidney cancer, but surgery may be done first. […] Treatment for recurrent kidney cancer depends on where the cancer has come back and what treatment you’ve already had. […] Most people with kidney cancer will have surgery to remove part of the kidney or the whole kidney.

• #58 Treatments for stage 4 kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment/stage-4

  Targeted therapy drugs that work on mTOR to treat stage 4 kidney cancer include: temsirolimus (Torisel), everolimus (Afinitor). […] A targeted therapy drug that works on tyrosine kinase (called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) to treat stage 4 kidney cancer is lenvatinib (Lenvima). […] You may be offered surgery before you start targeted therapy. […] If kidney cancer spreads to the brain or lungs, surgery is sometimes used to treat it. […] Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to find and destroy cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy drugs used to treat stage 4 kidney cancer includes: Nivolumab (Opdivo), a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab (Yervoy), Nivolumab may be combined with a targeted therapy drug called cabozantinib (Cabometyx), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda).

• #59 Drug Treatments for Kidney Cancer – Kidney Cancer UK

  https://www.kcuk.org.uk/kidneycancer/drug-treatments-for-kidney-cancer/

  Nivolumab is currently approved in the UK for use as a second line treatment of metastatic kidney cancer. […] Nivolumab and Ipilimumab (Opdivo and Yervoy) is a combination immunotherapy treatment. […] Currently new combination treatments are being reviewed in the UK. […] In the UK, sunitinib, pazopanib and tivozanib are commonly used as first-line treatment for advanced kidney cancer that had been categorised as favourable risk (IMDC). […] Those with intermediate or poor risk may be offered nivolumab and ipilimumab or cabozantinib and nivolumab. […] Avelumab is a type of cancer treatment known as immunotherapy. […] Axitinib is a type of cancer treatment known as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). […] The choice of a second line treatment, given when the first treatment ceased to be effective or can’t be tolerated is dependent what has initially been given.

• #60 Treatments for stage 4 kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment/stage-4

  Arterial embolization blocks the blood supply to a kidney tumour. […] Ablation therapy uses heat or cold to destroy the kidney tumour. […] If you arent well enough to have targeted therapy, you may be offered external radiation therapy. […] If kidney cancer spreads to the bones or brain, radiation therapy is often used to treat it. […] Active surveillance can be an option if you are not well enough to have surgery or if you dont have any symptoms. […] Talk to your healthcare team. They can help you choose care and treatment for advanced cancer.

• #61 Treatment options for kidney cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/kidney-cancer/treatment/decisions

  Blocking the blood supply for kidney cancer is called renal artery embolisation. Your doctor might block the blood supply to just the cancer or the whole kidney. […] Targeted cancer drugs target the differences between cancer cells and normal cells that help them grow and survive. Immunotherapy uses your immune system to fight cancer. […] You may also have targeted and immunotherapy drugs if you have advanced kidney cancer. […] Radiotherapy uses high energy rays similar to x-rays to destroy cancer cells. […] Surgery is the main treatment for stage 1, 2 or 3 kidney cancer. […] If you cant have surgery, you might have treatment with targeted or immunotherapy cancer drugs. […] You normally have targeted or immunotherapy cancer drugs if the cancer has come back in another part of the body. […] Your doctor might ask if youd like to take part in a clinical trial.

• #62 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  If you are diagnosed with kidney cancer, your doctor will discuss the best options to treat it. This depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer and your general health. Your treatment for kidney cancer at MD Anderson will be customized to your particular needs. […] Cancer treatment can be a significant physical burden and risk for older patients and/or those in poor health. These patients may be good candidates for active surveillance, especially if the tumor is small. With this approach, doctors monitor the cancer through blood and urine tests as well as imaging exams. Treatment only begins when and if the cancer advances or if the patients overall health improves. […] Tumors that are confined to the kidney or to the area around the kidney are usually removed with surgery. Its important for the surgeon to leave as much of the kidney as possible, though in some cases the entire organ will need to be taken out.

• #63 Treatments for kidney cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/kidney/treatment

  Targeted therapy uses drugs that target proteins on the cancer cells. It is used for advanced kidney cancer. […] Immunotherapy for kidney cancer uses the drug interferon. […] External beam radiation therapy may be used to treat pain and bleeding from kidney cancer. […] Arterial embolization blocks the blood supply to the kidney to shrink the kidney tumour in people who cant have surgery. […] Ablation therapies destroy kidney cancer using heat or cold in people who cant have surgery. […] If you have kidney cancer but dont have any symptoms, you may be offered active surveillance. This means that your healthcare team watches the cancer closely rather than giving treatment right away. They will use tests and examine you to see if the kidney cancer is growing or spreading. […] Follow-up after kidney cancer varies.

• #64 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  Most traditional chemotherapy is generally ineffective against kidney tumors, so it is currently not used often. Chemotherapy can be used in cases of patients with medullary kidney cancer. […] Kidney tumors are not very sensitive to standard forms of radiation but healthy kidney cells are. For this reason, standard radiation therapy has a limited role in the treating the primary kidney tumor. […] In rare cases, radiation oncologists may use highly focused beams to treat the tumor. […] Researchers developed drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors, or anti-angiogenic therapy, to disrupt the growth process. […] If renal cell carcinoma is growing slowly, active surveillance may be an option. […] Surgery to remove the affected kidney offers the highest chance for successful treatment when cancer hasnt spread.

• #65 Kidney Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating.html

  Depending on the stage of the cancer and other factors, different types of treatment may be combined at the same time or used one after another. Some treatments can also be used as palliative treatment. Palliative treatment is meant to relieve symptoms, such as pain, but it is not expected to cure the cancer. […] Its important for you and your doctor to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, to help you make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. In some cases they may be the only way to get access to newer treatments. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. These methods can include vitamins, herbs, and special diets, or other methods such as acupuncture or massage, to name a few.

• #66 Kidney Cancer Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/kidney/treatment

  Kidney Cancer Treatment […] At MSK, we tailor kidney cancer treatment to you, based on your needs and overall health. […] Specialists in all areas of kidney cancer will make a treatment plan just for you. They are experts in pathology, medical oncology, surgery, interventional radiology, radiation therapy, and supportive care. They work together to give you the best outcome possible. […] For Kidney Cancer, the Tumors Environment May Be Key to Optimizing Treatment […] Immunotherapy Pioneered at MSK Receives FDA Approval for Advanced Kidney Cancer.

• #67 Promising new combination therapy for advanced kidney cancer – Action Kidney Cancer

  https://actionkidneycancer.org/promising-new-combination-therapy-for-advanced-kidney-cancer/

  Combinations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus immunotherapy have improved treatment outcomes in patients with advanced kidney cancer. […] A recent early phase study in Chinese patients with advanced kidney cancer looked at the anti-cancer effectiveness and safety of a new combination of fruquintinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that works by blocking the growth of new blood vessels in tumours) plus sintilimab (an immunotherapy that releases the ‘brakes’ on the immune system enabling T cells to attack and kill cancer cells more effectively) in treating advanced clear cell kidney cancer. […] The combination of fruquintinib plus sintilimab was promising for the treatment of advanced clear cell kidney cancer and was well tolerated. A phase III study (FRUSICA-02) using this combination treatment is ongoing in China.

• #68 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. […] The use of palliative care with other proper treatments can help people with cancer feel better and live longer.

• #69 Kidney Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating.html

  Depending on the stage of the cancer and other factors, different types of treatment may be combined at the same time or used one after another. Some treatments can also be used as palliative treatment. Palliative treatment is meant to relieve symptoms, such as pain, but it is not expected to cure the cancer. […] Its important for you and your doctor to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, to help you make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. In some cases they may be the only way to get access to newer treatments. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. These methods can include vitamins, herbs, and special diets, or other methods such as acupuncture or massage, to name a few.

• #70 Kidney cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352669

  Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. […] The use of palliative care with other proper treatments can help people with cancer feel better and live longer.

• #71 Kidney Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating.html

  Depending on the stage of the cancer and other factors, different types of treatment may be combined at the same time or used one after another. Some treatments can also be used as palliative treatment. Palliative treatment is meant to relieve symptoms, such as pain, but it is not expected to cure the cancer. […] Its important for you and your doctor to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, to help you make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. In some cases they may be the only way to get access to newer treatments. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. These methods can include vitamins, herbs, and special diets, or other methods such as acupuncture or massage, to name a few.

• #72 Kidney Cancer | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/kidney-cancer

  Kidney cancer treatment options may include: […] At Baylor Scott White Health, we offer minimally invasive procedures to treat kidney cancer, including robot-assisted surgeries, as well as nonsurgical therapies. You’ll receive compassionate, quality care throughout all stages of your kidney cancer. […] Your treatment plan will be determined by your care team based on age, medical history, type and stage of kidney cancer, and personal preferences. […] The GU cancer team uses treatments including robotic, laparoscopic and macroscopic surgery and radiation therapy.

• #73 6 Innovative Kidney Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/kidney-cancer-treatment.html

  When the cancer has spread, targeted therapy and immunotherapy may be effective. […] Most of the time, kidney cancer doesnt respond to chemotherapy. […] Over the last decade, treatment advances have given patients with metastatic kidney cancer more time. […] Though these treatment options can be effective at treating metastatic tumors, they also often come with challenging side effects, like diarrhea, fatigue and painful blisters on the skin. […] Msaouel has teamed up with radiation oncologist Chad Tang, M.D., to investigate whether radiation therapy can be used to manage metastatic kidney cancer as an alternative to systemic therapy. […] Early results from the clinical trial Msaouel and Tang are co-leading show that some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma can delay or avoid immunotherapy or targeted therapy and their negative side effects if they undergo radiation therapy first. […] By radiating metastatic cancer cells, they can shrink tumors and potentially even keep them from coming back for years at a time with fewer treatments and fewer side effects.

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