Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/

  The treatment for laryngeal cancer largely depends on the size of the cancer. The main treatments are radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted cancer medicines. […] Your recommended treatment plan will depend on the stage of the cancer. […] If you have early-stage laryngeal cancer, it may be possible to remove the cancer using surgery (endoscopic resection) or radiotherapy alone. This may also be the case with slightly larger cancers, although a combination of surgery and radiotherapy is sometimes required. […] In later-stage laryngeal cancer, more extensive surgery may be needed. […] Radiotherapy and chemotherapy will probably be used in combination. In some cases, the entire larynx may have to be removed. […] A targeted cancer medicine called cetuximab may be used in cases where chemotherapy is not suitable.

• #2 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/laryngeal-treatment-pdq

  Laryngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the larynx. […] There are different types of treatment for patients with laryngeal cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Radiation therapy, Surgery, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy. […] After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy. […] Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. […] Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses the patient’s immune system to fight cancer.

• #3 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/laryngeal-treatment-pdq

  Surgery and radiation therapy have been the standard treatments for laryngeal cancer. However, outcome data from randomized trials are limited. Studies have attempted to evaluate the use of surgery or radiation but have been underpowered. Selection of primary surgery versus radiation therapy-based treatment should be made in a multidisciplinary setting with consideration of disease stage, comorbidities, and functional status, including voice and swallowing outcomes and lung capacity. […] Small superficial cancers without laryngeal fixation or lymph node involvement are successfully treated by radiation therapy or surgery alone, including laser excision surgery. Radiation therapy may be selected to preserve the voice and to reserve surgery for salvaging failures. The radiation field and dose are determined by the location and size of the primary tumor. A variety of curative surgical procedures are also recommended for laryngeal cancers, some of which preserve vocal function. An appropriate surgical procedure must be considered for each patient, given the anatomical problem, performance status, and clinical expertise of the treatment team. Advanced laryngeal cancers are often treated by combining radiation with concurrent chemotherapy for larynx preservation and total laryngectomy for bulky T4 disease or salvage.

• #4 Treatment decisions | Laryngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions

  Your doctor and healthcare team will talk to you about your treatment and the options you have. They will explain the benefits and the possible side effects. […] The most common treatments for laryngeal cancer are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. […] You might have one or more of the following treatments: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy), chemotherapy, targeted cancer drugs, immunotherapy. […] Surgery is a common treatment for early stage laryngeal cancer. You might have transoral surgery. This means you have surgery through the mouth to reach the cancer. […] You might have open surgery to remove part or all of the larynx. Open surgery means you have a cut (incision) in your neck or jaw. […] If you have surgery for advanced laryngeal cancer, you usually have other treatment afterwards. You might have radiotherapy on its own or together with chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy).

• #5 Throat Cancer Treatment | Laryngeal Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/treating.html

  If you’ve been diagnosed with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer, your cancer care team will talk with you about treatment options. Choosing a treatment plan is a major decision, so it’s important to take time and think about all of your choices. […] Treatment for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer may include: Surgery for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers, Radiation Therapy for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers, Chemotherapy for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers, Targeted Therapy for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers, Immunotherapy for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers. […] A major focus of treatment is to try to save your larynx and voice if possible. Most experts dont recommend surgery that will totally remove the larynx unless there are no other options. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs.

• #6 Treatments for laryngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/laryngeal/treatment

  If you have laryngeal cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. When deciding which treatments to offer for laryngeal cancer, your healthcare team will consider: […] Radiation therapy is often given to the lymph nodes. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. It is usually used to treat laryngeal cancer. […] The main goal of surgery for laryngeal cancer is to completely remove the cancer while saving as much function of the larynx (speaking, swallowing and breathing) as possible. This is called laryngeal preservation or conservation. For laryngeal preservation, other treatments are often considered first to avoid having a total laryngectomy.

• #7 Treatments for laryngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/laryngeal/treatment

  Chemotherapy is used to treat advanced laryngeal cancer. It is usually given along with radiation therapy (chemoradiation). […] A targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs to target specific molecules (usually proteins) involved in cancer cell growth while limiting harm to normal cells. Targeted therapy may also be called molecular targeted therapy. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used to treat laryngeal cancer. Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to fight cancer. Immunotherapy is sometimes called biological therapy. […] Laryngeal cancer behaves differently in each person, and a standard follow-up schedule would not work for everyone. Talk with your doctor about a follow-up plan that suits your situation. Follow-up care is often shared among the cancer specialists (surgeon, radiation oncologist and medical oncologist) and your family doctor, dentist and speech therapist.

• #8 Laryngeal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16611-laryngeal-cancer

  Laryngeal cancer is cancer of your larynx, or voice box. Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of your larynx, called a laryngectomy. […] Treatment for laryngeal cancer includes: Radiation therapy: Radiation oncologists deliver high-energy radiation beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation targets only the tumor to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Chemotherapy: Medical oncologists use medications to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. People often get chemotherapy intravenously (through a vein). Chemo can cause side effects during treatment that a medical oncologist can help you manage. Immunotherapy: This treatment uses your immune system, your body’s natural defenses, to help fight cancer. Immunotherapy is also called biologic therapy. Targeted therapy: This treatment targets cancer cells with specific types of proteins, preventing the cells from multiplying. Surgery: For early laryngeal cancer, surgery can remove the tumor while preserving your larynx (and your ability to speak and swallow). For advanced cancer, surgeons often need to do a laryngectomy, surgery that removes your entire larynx.

• #9 Laryngeal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16611-laryngeal-cancer

  Surgery removes cancer. The goal of laryngeal cancer surgery is to remove the tumor while preserving your larynx’s function. The surgeon may need to remove part or all of your larynx. Surgical procedures include: Cordectomy: Removes part or all of a vocal cord, usually through your mouth. Supraglottic laryngectomy: Removes the supraglottis (the upper part of your larynx), either through your neck or through your mouth. Hemilaryngectomy: Removes half of your larynx, preserving your voice. Partial laryngectomy: Removes part of your larynx so you retain your ability to talk. Total laryngectomy: Removes your entire larynx, through your neck. Laser surgery: Removes a tumor in a bloodless procedure using a laser beam. […] For early laryngeal cancer, your care team will likely recommend surgery or radiation therapy. Research has shown that both are effective. Your team will base the decision on several factors, including: Which treatment will preserve your ability to speak and swallow. Your preferences, wishes and ability to follow the treatment plan. Your age. Other conditions you may have. Demands on your voice, including for your job. How your voice sounds. If you currently smoke or previously smoked. Your ability to breathe. Support from your loved ones.

• #10 Surgery for laryngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/laryngeal/treatment/surgery

  Surgery is usually used to treat laryngeal cancer. The type of surgery you have depends mainly on the size of the tumour, the location of the tumour and the stage of the cancer. […] The main goal of surgery for laryngeal cancer is to completely remove the cancer while saving as much function of the larynx (speaking, swallowing and breathing) as possible. This is called laryngeal preservation or conservation. For laryngeal preservation, other treatments are often considered first to avoid having a total laryngectomy. […] Surgery may be done for different reasons. You may have surgery to: completely remove the tumour, remove as much of the tumour as possible (called debulking) before other treatments, remove a tumour that remains after radiation therapy or chemoradiation, remove a tumour that comes back after other treatments, reduce pain or ease symptoms (called palliative surgery).

• #11 Surgery for laryngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/laryngeal/treatment/surgery

  The following types of surgery are used to treat laryngeal cancer. You may also have other treatments before or after surgery. […] Endoscopic laser surgery (also called transoral laser microsurgery, or TLM) may be used to treat early stage laryngeal tumours. […] Cordectomy removes part or all of the vocal cords. […] A laryngectomy is the surgical removal of part or all of the larynx (voice box). […] A partial laryngectomy removes part of the larynx. […] A total laryngectomy removes the entire larynx. […] A neck dissection is removal of lymph nodes from the neck. […] Thyroidectomy removes part or all of the thyroid gland. […] A tracheostomy is done during an open partial laryngectomy or a total laryngectomy. […] Feeding tube placement may be needed to ensure that you get enough nutrition during treatment for laryngeal cancer.

• #12 Laryngeal Cancer

  https://www.massgeneral.org/surgery/voice-center/treatments-and-services/laryngeal-cancer

  Massachusetts General Hospital’s Laryngeal Cancer Program offers comprehensive and innovative treatments for laryngeal cancer. […] Physicians in Massachusetts General Hospital’s Laryngeal Cancer Program provide a wide variety of services, including diagnosis and treatment for laryngeal cancer. […] The two conventional treatments for vocal cord cancer are surgery and radiation therapy. […] We rarely use radiotherapy for small or mid-sized tumors due to our long-term experience and success with minimally invasive endoscopic laser treatment. […] As necessary, larger vocal cord cancers may require radiation therapy and/or need to be removed by open surgery through the neck. […] In our experience, supraglottic cancers are optimally managed with minimally invasive removal through the mouth, preserving the patients ability to swallow, breathe and speak while utilizing post-surgical radiation for larger tumors.

• #13 Laryngeal Cancer

  https://www.massgeneral.org/surgery/voice-center/treatments-and-services/laryngeal-cancer

  For more advanced supraglottic cancers, or for those that have failed radiation therapy, open surgery through the neck (as opposed to laser surgery through the mouth) may be required for cure. […] Depending on the stage, cancer in this part of the voice box can often be treated with either endoscopic laser surgery (using the KTP or Thulium lasers) or open surgery to remove part of the voice box. […] The aortic homograft reconstruction technique has been especially valuable to preserve voice and swallowing function for advanced subglottic cancer treatment.

• #14 Malignant Tumors of the Larynx Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/848592-treatment

  Although laryngeal preservation strategies using chemoradiation have taken a central role in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer, late toxicities have led us to rethink the paradigm of laryngeal cancer treatment. The refinement of laryngeal surgeries and the sophistication of endolaryngeal laser techniques offer a wide array of laryngeal preservation options that should be carefully considered by the multidisciplinary team. […] Total laryngectomy is the historical criterion standard for treatment of laryngeal cancer and is still widely used in the treatment of advanced or recurrent disease. This involves complete resection of the larynx, from the vallecula to the upper trachea. Additional resection of the pharynx, such as the piriform sinus or lateral pharyngeal wall, may be performed as needed due to tumor extension. The goal is complete, en bloc resection of the tumor.

• #15 Malignant Tumors of the Larynx Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/848592-treatment

  Following resection, the proximal end of the trachea is sewn to the skin to create a permanent tracheostoma, and the pharyngeal mucosa is closed, thereby completely separating the airway from the upper digestive tract. A tracheoesophageal puncture is often performed in order to place a tracheoesophageal prosthesis (TEP) for voice rehabilitation. […] The 5-year survival rates vary depending on the treatment modality. The 5-year survival rate after concurrent chemoradiation therapy is 54% with preservation of 88% of the larynx at 2 years. The 5-year survival after endoscopic laser laryngeal surgery is 55%. […] Functional preservation of the larynx remains a challenging goal in the treatment of malignant laryngeal tumors. Organ-sparing chemoradiation protocols have become the standard of care for advanced laryngeal cancer. Although these strategies were proven effective in preserving the larynx, they may not necessarily preserve laryngeal function.

• #16

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/

  Radiotherapy can be used as a treatment on its own for early-stage laryngeal cancer, or it can be used after surgery to stop cancerous cells returning. It’s sometimes combined with chemotherapy. […] There are 3 types of surgery that can be used to treat laryngeal cancer. […] Endoscopic resection can be used in early-stage laryngeal cancer. […] A partial laryngectomy can be used to treat some laryngeal cancers. […] A total laryngectomy is usually used to treat advanced laryngeal cancer. […] Chemotherapy uses powerful cancer-killing medicines to damage the DNA of the cancerous cells and stop them reproducing. […] It may be used to shrink a tumour before surgery or radiotherapy, or in combination with radiotherapy to make the radiotherapy more effective. […] Cetuximab can be used in combination with radiotherapy to treat more advanced laryngeal cancer, when it’s not possible to use chemotherapy. […] A type of immunotherapy medicine called a checkpoint inhibitor is used to treat laryngeal cancer that has spread or cannot be removed through surgery.

• #17 Treatment decisions | Laryngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions

  Radiotherapy uses high energy rays to destroy cancer cells. You might have radiotherapy on its own for early stage laryngeal cancer. Or after surgery in some situations. Or you might have radiotherapy with chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) for more advanced laryngeal cancer. […] Chemotherapy with radiotherapy is called chemoradiotherapy. You might have chemoradiotherapy on its own as your main treatment or after surgery. […] You might have chemotherapy before or after surgery or radiotherapy. It is sometimes given on its own. But you most often have it together with radiotherapy. […] Chemotherapy can be given for advanced laryngeal cancer. The aim is to slow the growth of the cancer and control symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). […] You might have targeted cancer drugs or immunotherapy in some situations for locally advanced or advanced laryngeal cancer.

• #18 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/laryngeal-treatment-pdq

  Concurrent chemoradiation therapy is a standard treatment option for patients with locally advanced (stage III and stage IV) laryngeal cancer. […] The addition of chemotherapy to PORT for laryngeal cancer squamous cell carcinoma demonstrates a locoregional control and OS benefit compared with radiation therapy alone in patients who have high-risk pathological risk factors, extracapsular extension of a lymph node, or positive margins, based on a pooled analysis of the EORTC-22931 and RTOG-9501 studies. […] Treatment options for metastatic and recurrent laryngeal cancer include: Surgery and/or radiation therapy. Salvage is possible for failures of surgery alone or of radiation therapy alone, and further surgery and/or radiation therapy should be attempted, as indicated. Selected patients may be candidates for partial laryngectomy after high-dose radiation therapy has failed.

• #19 Laryngeal Cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/throat-cancer/laryngeal-cancer.html

  Total laryngectomy: All of the larynx is removed, including the vocal cords. Patients require a permanent hole in the neck to breathe through and can no longer speak with their regular voice after this procedure. Speech pathologists can help them learn new ways to talk. […] Neck dissection: A neck dissection involves removing lymph nodes from the neck. Lymph nodes are small, bean shaped structures and part of the immune system. They are often the first spot where cancer spreads. Neck dissection is often performed at the same time as a total or partial laryngectomy. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful, focused beams of energy to kill cancer cells. There are several different radiation therapy techniques. Doctors can use these to accurately target a tumor while minimizing damage to healthy tissue.

• #20 Laryngeal Cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/throat-cancer/laryngeal-cancer.html

  The types of radiation therapy used to treat oropharyngeal cancer include: […] Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): This treatment focuses multiple radiation beams of different intensities directly on the tumor for the highest possible dose. […] Proton therapy: Proton therapy is similar to standard radiation therapy, but it uses a different type of particle that may allow doctors to reduce the radiation dose and limit damage to healthy nearby tissue. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells, control their growth or relieve disease-related symptoms. Chemotherapy may involve a single drug or a combination of two or more drugs, depending on the type of cancer and how fast it is growing. […] Targeted therapy drugs are designed to stop or slow the growth or spread of cancer. This happens on a cellular level.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/crst/fulltext/2024/07001/indian_clinical_practice_consensus_guidelines_for.5.aspx

  The treatment of carcinoma in situ is RT, which consists of 60.75 Gy (2.25 Gy/fraction) to 66 Gy (2.0 Gy/fraction) RT dose. […] Patients with T1/T2 disease (selected patients, who are medically inoperable or refuse surgery) can be treated with definitive RT. […] Management of resectable, advanced-stage laryngeal cancer should be done with a combined modality approach. […] For organ preservation, concurrent CTRT is an option. […] Induction therapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-FU (TPF) followed by definitive RT or definitive CTRT can be one of the organ preservation approaches for the patients undergoing total laryngectomy. […] For patients with locally advanced disease (T3, N03), surgery (laryngectomy with thyroidectomy, ipsilateral or bilateral neck dissection, and pre-tracheal and ipsilateral paratracheal lymph node dissection) with RT or CTRT should be considered in patients who are not fit for laryngeal preservation.

• #22 Laryngeal cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/laryngeal-larynx-cancer

  Having chemotherapy at the same time as radiotherapy is called chemoradiation. It may be given as your main treatment, if the cancer is locally advanced. Or it may be used if the cancer cannot be removed with surgery. It is also sometimes used to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back after surgery (adjuvant treatment). […] Chemotherapy can be given before and after surgery. It can be given on its own or with radiotherapy. It can also be given to slow the growth of the cancer and control symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). […] Targeted therapy uses drugs to find and attack cancer cells. There are many different types of targeted therapy. Each type of therapy targets something in or around the cancer cell that is helping it grow and survive. The most commonly used targeted therapy to treat laryngeal cancer is cetuximab (Erbitux).

• #23 Chemotherapy for laryngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy-for-laryngeal-cancer

  Chemotherapy is often given with radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer (chemoradiotherapy). If you have advanced cancer, you might have chemotherapy to relieve symptoms and improve your quality of life. […] You might have radiotherapy and chemotherapy at the same time for locally advanced or advanced laryngeal cancer. This is called chemoradiotherapy. These treatments can often work better when they are given together and can lower the risk of the cancer coming back. […] You might have chemoradiotherapy to treat your cancer instead of having surgery to remove your larynx. But you might need to have surgery if there are still signs of your cancer after chemoradiotherapy. Or if your cancer comes back later. […] You might have chemotherapy on its own after surgery. But chemotherapy is most often given with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy). This is called adjuvant treatment. You might have this if there is a risk the cancer may return after having surgery.

• #24 Chemotherapy for laryngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy-for-laryngeal-cancer

  You sometimes have chemotherapy for advanced laryngeal cancer. Chemotherapy can relieve symptoms and may slow the growth of your cancer. This is called palliative chemotherapy. […] If your cancer comes back after treatment your doctor will do some tests and may take a biopsy. They will explain what treatment you can have. This may include chemotherapy. […] Treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy together is called chemoradiotherapy. Having the two treatments together often works better than having them on their own. […] Your treatment depends on where your cancer is, how big it is, whether it has spread anywhere else in your body and your general health. […] You might have targeted cancer drugs or immunotherapy drugs as part of your treatment for laryngeal cancer.

• #25 Laryngeal Cancer Symptoms, Causes and Survival Rate

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/throat-cancer/types/laryngeal-cancer

  However, if the tumor is large, doctors may need to remove the vocal cords (in a surgical procedure called a cordectomy) or the voice box (during a laryngectomy). These procedures leave the patient unable to talk normally, and it may take time to learn to communicate vocally in new ways. […] In addition to surgery, laryngeal cancer may require additional treatment with radiation, chemotherapy or both. In some cases, the patient may be given two or more chemotherapy drugs at once, and also be prescribed radiation therapies. […] Commonly used chemotherapies for laryngeal cancer may include: Platinol (cisplatin), Paraplatin (carboplatin), Adrucil (5-fluorouracil or 5-FU), Taxotere (docetaxel), Taxol (paclitaxel), Trexall (methotrexate), Xeloda (capecitabine). […] Targeted therapy: Erbitux (cetuximab) is a targeted therapy, which means it attacks cancer cells directly based on their characteristics. […] Immune therapies: Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Opdivo (nivolumab) are among the new class of immune therapies that help prime the bodys immune system to fight cancer, which may help shrink or slow tumor growth.

• #26 Malignant Tumors of the Larynx Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/848592-treatment

  Historically, advanced-stage laryngeal carcinomas (stage III-IV) were treated with total laryngectomy, reconstruction, and adjuvant postoperative chemoradiation therapy. However, remarkable progress has been made in the past 20 years in the management of laryngeal cancer. Although total laryngectomy is still required in cases of aggressive or extensive tumors, laryngeal preservation strategies using chemotherapy and radiation therapy protocols have now become the standard of care for many advanced laryngeal cancers. […] Landmark studies such as The Veteran Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group in 1991 and the RTOG 91-11 intergroup trial helped establish the basis of laryngeal preservation therapies using chemotherapy (cisplatinum and fluorouracil) and radiation therapy protocols. These trials established that chemoradiation provides equivalent oncologic control to surgery, while allowing a substantial number of patients to avoid the sequelae of laryngectomy. Support for chemotherapy as part of a multimodality approach has been strengthened by many subsequent clinical trials demonstrating the benefit of concurrent chemoradiation protocols.

• #27 Medication for Laryngeal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/treatments/medication-for-laryngeal-cancer

  Chemotherapy alone may be used to destroy tumors that have spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs. […] In a cycle, drugs are usually given on one day or over a few days, followed by a one-to three-week period in which the body is allowed to rest and recover. Your medical oncologist can determine the duration and number of cycles that are best for you. […] NYU Langone doctors may prescribe a targeted drug, such as cetuximab, to manage laryngeal cancer that has spread outside the larynx. Targeted drugs may help to destroy cancer cells while avoiding healthy tissue, resulting in different or more tolerable side effects. […] Some laryngeal cancers contain high levels of a protein called epidermal growth factor receptor. This protein signals cancer cells to grow and divide. Cetuximab, which is given by IV infusion about once a week, interferes with the function of this protein. As a result, tumors may shrink.

• #28 Medication for Laryngeal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/treatments/medication-for-laryngeal-cancer

  Cetuximab may be given alone or with chemotherapy in people with advanced laryngeal cancer. […] […] Cetuximab may be also be used with radiation therapy in people with laryngeal cancer. […] The most common side effects of chemotherapy for laryngeal cancer include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and sores in the mouth and throat. […] Using cetuximab can lead to a skin rash that causes itching and discomfort. This rash usually fades after treatment is complete. […] To reduce the side effects of these medications, your doctor may adjust the dose, prescribe another medication, or recommend support services. […] To manage laryngeal cancer that has spread outside the larynx, NYU Langone doctors may prescribe immunotherapy as part of a clinical trial. Immunotherapy helps boost the body’s immune response to laryngeal cancer. It is given through an IV infusion on a schedule determined by your doctor. NYU Langone doctors can discuss whether a clinical trial is an option for you.

• #29 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65746/

  Treatment options for metastatic and recurrent laryngeal cancer include: Surgery and/or radiation therapy. Salvage is possible for failures of surgery alone or of radiation therapy alone, and further surgery and/or radiation therapy should be attempted, as indicated. […] Immunotherapy (inhibitor of the programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] pathway) can be used after platinum-based failure in patients with metastatic or locally recurrent disease. […] Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody and an inhibitor of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway. Studies have evaluated pembrolizumab in patients with incurable metastatic or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

• #30 Laryngeal cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/laryngeal-larynx-cancer

  Immunotherapy treatments use the immune system to find and attack cancer cells. The immunotherapy drugs used to treat laryngeal cancer are nivolumab and pembrolizumab. […] The treatments can be used alone or in combination with each other. We have information to help you understand more about treatments.

• #31 Laryngeal Cancer: Staging and Treatment | OncoLink

  https://www.oncolink.org/cancers/head-and-neck/laryngeal-cancer/laryngeal-cancer-staging-and-treatment

  Laryngeal cancer may be treated with targeted therapies that focus on specific gene mutations or proteins in the tumor. Targeted therapies work by targeting something specific to a cancer cell, which lets the medication kill cancer cells and affect healthy cells less. […] Immunotherapy is the use of a person’s own immune system to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy medications that may be used to treat this type of cancer are pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Your tumor may need to be tested to make sure immunotherapy medications will work for you.

• #32 Throat cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20366496

  Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy is often used along with radiation therapy in treating throat cancers. Certain chemotherapy drugs make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. […] Targeted drugs treat throat cancer by taking advantage of specific defects in cancer cells that fuel the cells’ growth. […] Immunotherapy uses your immune system to fight cancer. […] Immunotherapy treatments are generally reserved for people with advanced throat cancer that’s not responding to standard treatments. […] Treatment for throat cancer often causes complications that may require working with specialists to regain the ability to swallow, eat solid foods and talk. […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness.

• #33 Treating Throat Cancer by Stage | Stages of Throat Cancer & Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  Treatment of laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer is based largely on the stage (extent) of the cancer, but other factors are also important, such as your overall health and your personal preferences. […] Smoking during cancer treatment is linked to more side effects, worse outcomes, and reduced benefit of treatment. It is best to stop smoking completely before starting treatment. Smoking also increases the risk of the cancer coming back after treatment as well as the risk of getting a new cancer. Quitting smoking for good is the best way to improve your survival. […] Most stage I and II laryngeal cancers can be treated successfully without removing the whole larynx. […] Either radiation alone or surgery with a partial laryngectomy can be used in most people. […] The main options for initial treatment for these cancers are surgery, chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation, or chemotherapy with radiation.

• #34 Treating Throat Cancer by Stage | Stages of Throat Cancer & Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  Instead of using surgery as the first step, many doctors now prefer to start treatment with chemoradiation (radiation and chemotherapy given together). […] Most experts agree that treatment in a clinical trial should be considered if you have advanced stage laryngeal cancer. […] Most experts agree that treatment in a clinical trial should be considered if you have advanced stage hypopharyngeal cancers. […] If cancer continues to grow during treatment (progress) or comes back (recur), further treatment will depend on the location and extent of the cancer, what treatments have been used and when, and also on the persons health and desire for more treatment. […] Local recurrence in people who have already had limited surgery such as partial laryngectomy, can often be treated with more extensive surgery (such as a total laryngectomy). […] A distant recurrence, where radiation therapy and surgery are not options, can be treated with immunotherapy alone or immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.

• #35 Treatment of early-stage laryngeal cancer: A comparison of treatment options – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30527248/

  Over the course of the last several decades, the treatment options for early laryngeal cancers (T1 and T2) have evolved; however, simultaneously the mortality rate has increased. As larynx preservation approaches have become the standard of care, the selection of the proper treatment modality has become paramount. Radiation therapy or transoral laser microsurgery are the most common options for treatment of these early lesions. Oncologic and functional outcomes are considered equivalent between the two modalities for early glottic cancers; however, no direct comparisons exist for robust analysis. […] For early stage lesions, the goal for any larynx-sparing technique, either radiation or surgery, should be the intent to cure with single modality treatment and minimal short- and long-term toxicity. This article is designed to create a frame of reference for managing early stage disease with respect to lesions of the glottis and supraglottis while weighing treatment implications from an oncologic, functional, and cost perspective.

• #36 Laryngeal cancer: What you should know | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/laryngeal-cancer–what-you-should-know.h00-159619434.html

  Laryngeal cancer is typically treated with radiation therapy and/or surgery. For lesions that are caught very early, surgery is the best option. […] Once the biopsy confirms its cancer, we can use a laser to burn off the cancer, says Diaz. This is a very effective option with a high cure rate. […] Radiation therapy is preferred for intermediate-stage cancers. […] It’s excellent for treating laryngeal cancer, but we don’t use it for all stages because radiation therapy is something you can only use once, says Diaz. […] Most late-stage laryngeal cancers, T3s and some T4s, will be treated with chemotherapy and radiation. […] For patients with pretty advanced cancer of the larynx, killing the cancer is wonderful, but it doesn’t go back to being a normal larynx because the tissue around the larynx is affected as well, explains Diaz.

• #37 Stage II Larynx Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/head-and-neck-cancers/larynx-cancer/treatment-of-stage-ii-larynx-cancer

  Although radiation preserves speech better than surgery there can still be significant speech problems, with reduced voice quality and greater than normal effort in voice production. Voice therapy during and after radiation therapy may result in better voice quality. […] Cancer of the subglottis represents less than two percent of all cases of laryngeal cancer and most of these patients have advanced disease. Thus, data on treatment is limited to a few patients in each study. Stage II cancer in the subglottis is typically treated with radiation therapy. In some cases, a hemilaryngectomy (removal of one side of the larynx) may be necessary when radiation therapy is not successful. […] Prophylactic (preventive) treatment of lymph node areas in the neck is usually recommended for stage II supraglottic cancers. In many centers it is common to surgically remove lymph nodes or to administer radiation therapy to the neck.

• #38 The best treatment for laryngeal cancer? This approach helps decide | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/news/archive/best-treatment-laryngeal-cancer-approach-helps-decide

  Even as treatment options for laryngeal cancer seemed to improve, survival rates did not. […] But the head and neck oncology team at the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center came up with a different approach: Give patients a single dose of chemotherapy and see who responds to it. The responders can continue with combination chemotherapy and radiation. The non-responders can be referred immediately for surgery. […] This approach allows us to enhance quality of life for all of our patients. Many patients can spare their voice box by having chemotherapy and radiation. […] The Michigan Medicine team first tested the idea in 1995. They found that patients whose tumor shrunk by more than half after one round of chemotherapy were more likely to do well with chemotherapy and radiation and have an excellent chance of saving their voice box.

• #39 The best treatment for laryngeal cancer? This approach helps decide | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/news/archive/best-treatment-laryngeal-cancer-approach-helps-decide

  In a clinical trial, they saw disease-specific survival rates of 80 percent in patients with advanced disease. […] We adopted the treatment approach and started offering it to all our laryngeal cancer patients, Wolf says. […] Average disease specific survival at five years for the induction chemotherapy patients was 79 percent equivalent to the results in patients with early stage disease, and significantly better than the 66 percent survival for patients who had chemo-radiation without the induction strategy. […] This adds ammunition to the idea that we need to pick individual therapies more carefully. […] The study did find lower functional preservation of the larynx in the induction chemotherapy group compared to those who elected chemoradiation. […] Wolf notes, however, that chemoradiation often severely damages the larynx, which may cause problems with eating or swallowing years later.

• #40 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/laryngeal-treatment-pdq

  Platinum-based chemotherapy is often used as first-line treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. A response of variable duration may be achieved after systemic chemotherapy. […] Immunotherapy (inhibitor of the programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] pathway) can be used after platinum-based failure in patients with metastatic or locally recurrent disease.

• #41 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) | Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

  https://vicc.org/cancer-info/adult-laryngeal-cancer-treatment-adult

  Treatment of newly diagnosed stage II laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage III laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage IVA, IVB, and IVC laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. […] Treatment of metastatic and recurrent laryngeal cancer may include the following: Surgery with or without radiation therapy, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy with pembrolizumab or nivolumab.

• #42 Treatment for laryngeal (larynx) cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/laryngeal-larynx-cancer/treatment

  The main treatments for cancer of the larynx (laryngeal cancer) are radiotherapy and surgery. You may also have chemotherapy, targeted therapies or immunotherapy. […] For most people, the aim of treatment is to remove or destroy the cancer and to reduce the chances of it coming back. […] The main treatments for cancer of the larynx are: radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy. […] Early stage cancers of the larynx that have not spread to nearby tissue or lymph nodes can usually be cured with radiotherapy or surgery. […] Treatments for locally advanced cancer may include the following: A neck dissection, Chemoradiation, Chemoradiation or radiotherapy after surgery, Chemotherapy, Targeted therapy combined with radiotherapy. […] If the cancer has come back, or is very advanced when you are diagnosed, you may have treatments to try and control the cancer and help with symptoms. These treatments may include: chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy. […] Sometimes, it may not be possible to cure the cancer. The aim of treatment may be to control the cancer for longer and manage the symptoms. This is called supportive or palliative care.

• #43 Malignant Tumors of the Larynx Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/848592-treatment

  Treatment of patients with laryngeal carcinoma is complex because of the crucial functions of this anatomic area. If possible, the goal of treatment is to remove the tumor and prevent recurrence while maintaining laryngeal function. The ideal treatment varies for laryngeal cancer depending on the stage of the disease. Location of the primary tumor (ie, glottic, supraglottic or subglottic) is also an important consideration when selecting therapy. […] Early stage laryngeal carcinomas (stage I-II) are ideally treated with either radiation or surgical techniques (either endoscopic or open) that preserve laryngeal function. For carcinoma in situ or early stage invasive glottic or supraglottic cancer, endoscopic surgical excision or radiation therapy are both equally effective, with similar functional outcomes. Certain early stage lesions, may require more extensive resection, in which case open partial laryngectomy options exist that provide good oncologic control, although usually with worse voice outcomes than endoscopic surgery or radiation.

• #44 What Every Patient Should Know About Laryngeal Cancer | Larynx Cancer | Voice Box Cancer | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/head-and-neck-cancer/voicebox/what-patients-should-know

  Many factors enter into decision-making when it comes to the treatment or laryngeal cancer. […] A skilled practitioner experienced in the diagnosis and staging of these cancers can only provide such advice. […] Early cancer of the glottis (vocal cords) or supraglottis (false vocal cords) can be effectively treated with either surgery alone or radiation therapy. […] Most surgical procedures can spare major portions of the voice box and with modern techniques, reconstruction of the voice box can be accomplished with preservation of reasonable voice quality and swallowing. […] For those cancers that are of intermediate size (T2, small T3), treatment decisions are more difficult. […] Standard treatment for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer has historically consisted of total laryngectomy, often combined with modified neck dissection.

• #45 What Every Patient Should Know About Laryngeal Cancer | Larynx Cancer | Voice Box Cancer | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/head-and-neck-cancer/voicebox/what-patients-should-know

  Many patients and physicians will select primary radiation for treatment of advanced laryngeal cancers. […] One of the most exciting advances in the treatment of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer has been the introduction of chemotherapy as initial treatment. […] Five-year cure rates for patients with advanced disease managed in this fashion are now in the range of 80% at the University of Michigan. […] Currently, larynx preservation techniques using chemotherapy and radiation can be offered as alternatives to total laryngectomy if the treatment team has experience with these special techniques or is participating in controlled clinical trials of these approaches.

• #46 Treatment – Laryngeal Advanced Cancer – THE VOICE FOUNDATION

  https://voicefoundation.org/health-science/voice-disorders/voice-disorders/laryngeal-advanced-cancer/treatment-laryngeal-advanced-cancer/

  Loss of laryngeal function occurs obviously in surgical procedures that remove part of the larynx (partial laryngectomies). […] Although these procedures may seem wholly destructive to the larynx, preservation of laryngeal function can be addressed, resulting in restoration and/or rehabilitation of voice. […] Laryngeal function can also be lost as a result of non-surgical therapy (radiation and/or chemotherapy), even though these treatments keep the larynx intact anatomically. […] The acute and chronic side effects of radiation and/or chemotherapy affecting both the larynx and surrounding tissues can result in dysfunction of normal tissue and permanent scarring to the point that the larynx, although structurally present, cannot function. […] Radiation therapy, widely used for T2 tumors, can result in significant loss of larynx function.

• #47 Treatment – Laryngeal Advanced Cancer – THE VOICE FOUNDATION

  https://voicefoundation.org/health-science/voice-disorders/voice-disorders/laryngeal-advanced-cancer/treatment-laryngeal-advanced-cancer/

  The combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for organ preservation is appropriate only for patients otherwise facing total laryngectomy. […] Although the structure and the tissues of the larynx are preserved in those patients whose tumor is successfully treated by chemoradiotherapy, the function of the remaining larynx is no longer normal in terms of speaking and swallowing. […] Different patients react to radiation and chemotherapy in different ways. Some individuals do quite well with this non-surgical therapy, while others have so much dryness, swelling, and scarring (fibrosis) that the larynx is essentially rendered non-functional following treatment. […] In large studies of patients undergoing non-surgical treatment (chemoradiotherapy) for advanced laryngeal cancer, a small fraction (5 percent) lose all functioning of the larynx, resulting in poor voice, difficulty breathing, an inability to swallow enough food to maintain nutrition, and/or an inability to protect the lungs from saliva or food that leaks through the vocal folds into the windpipe (aspiration).

• #48 Long-term functional outcome after laryngeal cancer treatment | Radiation Oncology | Full Text

  https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13014-019-1299-8

  The functional outcome after the treatment of laryngeal cancer is tightly related to the quality of life of affected patients. The aim of this study is to describe the long-term morbidity and functional outcomes associated with the different treatment modalities for laryngeal cancer. […] With a median follow-up of 51 months, the crude rate of functional larynx preservation was 74.6%. Radiotherapy +/ chemotherapy was the dominant treatment modality (n = 359 75.3%), whereas 24.7% (n = 118) underwent primary surgery, with 58.5% (69) receiving adjuvant treatment. The 5-year laryngectomy-free survival was 57% (95% CI, 48-66%) after surgery vs. 69% (95% CI, 64-75%) after chemoradiotherapy (p < 0.01). [...] Preserving the laryngeal function after cancer treatment is challenging. Advanced tumor stages, primary surgery and recurrence are related to a poor functional outcome. Therefore, the criteria for initial decision-making needs to be further refined.

• #49 Long-term functional outcome after laryngeal cancer treatment | Radiation Oncology | Full Text

  https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13014-019-1299-8

  Radiotherapy +/ concomitant chemotherapy ((C)RT) with organ-preservation protocols have been adopted during the last three decades to keep the structural and functional integrity of the larynx intact. […] A functional larynx at last follow-up was obtained in 74.6% (n = 356/477) in the whole cohort, whereas in 84.8% (n = 274/323) and 53.2% (n = 82/154) in early and locally-advanced stages, respectively (p < 0.01). These rates were 79.1% (n = 284/359) and 61% (n = 72/118) with primary (C)RT and surgery, respectively (p < 0.01). [...] Advanced tumor stage (cT), primary surgery and tumor recurrence were identified as adverse factors regarding laryngeal function (as defined above).

• #50 Support for Laryngeal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/support

  At NYU Langones Perlmutter Cancer Center, physicians, nurses, physician assistants, social workers, speech and swallowing therapists, and other rehabilitation specialists collaborate to provide support for people with laryngeal cancer throughout diagnosis and treatment and during follow-up appointments. […] Speech and swallowing therapists at NYU Langone may meet with you before treatment begins to evaluate how a laryngeal tumor is affecting your voicethe sound produced by your vocal cordsand your ability to swallow food and liquid. They may also discuss how different treatments can affect voice and swallowing function and how therapy can help you recover. […] Speech and swallowing therapy may be used throughout treatment to preserve as much function as possible. It may also be used after treatment to help you regain or compensate for any lost function.

• #51 Laryngeal Cancer

  https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/laryngeal-cancer/?srsltid=AfmBOopCaE0CfxtL-uRCQmgyG4ibFtMs56_mg9R8YXNK8U5U9m4y-5Wc

  Treatment for cancer of the larynx, or voice box, can change the way your voice sounds. […] The treatment you get depends on the type of cancer you have, where it is located, and how much it has spread. You may need surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, and/or immunotherapy. […] Doctors use different types of surgeries to treat laryngeal cancer. Not all of them involve removing your larynx. Surgery to remove all of your larynx is called a laryngectomy. During laryngectomy, the surgeon will make a hole in your neck, called a stoma. You will breathe through this hole and need to learn new ways to communicate after surgery. […] Speech-language pathologists, or SLPs, play an important role before, during, and after your cancer treatment to help with any speech or swallowing problems that you may have.

• #52 Laryngeal Cancer

  https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/laryngeal-cancer/?srsltid=AfmBOopCaE0CfxtL-uRCQmgyG4ibFtMs56_mg9R8YXNK8U5U9m4y-5Wc

  The SLP will talk to you about your larynx and how surgery will change it. You will learn more about what will happen after surgery and what communication options you have. […] As you heal, the SLP will work with you to find a new way to produce voice. There are three main options: […] You can use an electronic device that vibrates when turned on. […] With this type of speech, you make sounds by taking air in your mouth, trapping it in your esophagus, and then pushing it back up through your throat and mouth to form words. […] The tracheoesophageal puncture is a procedure that can be done either during the main cancer surgery or later. The surgeon makes a hole between your airway and your esophagus. A small one-way speaking valve goes into this hole. You breathe air in through the hole in your neck. […] Your SLP will fit the valve, called a prosthesis, and will show you how to use and care for it.

• #53 Speech Therapy Treatments For Laryngeal Cancer | District Speech and Language Therapy | Speech Therapy Clinic in Washington DC

  https://districtspeech.com/speech-therapy-treatments-for-laryngeal-cancer/

  Cancer is something no one wants to deal with. […] Treatments for cancers that develop in your throat, including the larynx, can change your voice. […] A big part of recovery is re-learning how to speak. […] If you are diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, some of the treatments you receive may result in changes to the way you speak. […] One of the things about speech pathologists is they can help you understand the changes which will occur when you undergo treatment and work with you to relearn how to speak. […] Speech therapists can also work with you to develop alternatives to verbal speech, like sign language or other forms of augmentative and alternative communication. […] The three main ways of doing this include esophageal speech, artificial larynx, and tracheoesophageal puncture.

• #54 Speech Therapy Treatments For Laryngeal Cancer | District Speech and Language Therapy | Speech Therapy Clinic in Washington DC

  https://districtspeech.com/speech-therapy-treatments-for-laryngeal-cancer/

  Esophageal speech uses your esophagus to produce speech sounds, rather than your vocal cords. […] If your cancer treatment requires complete removal of the larynx, you may need a tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP). […] An artificial larynx is a small electronic device which vibrates. […] Weve helped others regain their voice after treatments for throat cancer, and we can help you too.

• #55 Support for Laryngeal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/support

  NYU Langone therapists can teach you exercises to strengthen the muscles in the tongue, mouth, and throat to help improve speech and swallowing. They can also help people who have had their entire larynx removed adapt to a variety of voice restoration options. […] If laryngeal cancer or its treatment makes swallowing difficult, you may need a nutritional assessment and dietary plan. […] Nutritionists at Perlmutter Cancer Center can help ensure you are getting the nutrients you need by recommending easy-to-swallow foods throughout your treatment and recovery. […] During or after treatment, some people may not be able to eat regularly for several weeks. For this reason, doctors may recommend placing a feeding tube directly into the stomach or intestine. […] Neuropathy, or nerve damage, may be a side effect of the chemotherapy used to manage laryngeal cancer.

• #56

• #57 Support for Laryngeal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/support

  Doctors at Rusk Rehabilitation may prescribe medication to ease the discomfort associated with neuropathy. They may also recommend physical therapy to help make sure that neuropathy doesn’t interfere with your balance, strength, or ability to walk and perform daily activities. […] If you are experiencing fatigue due to cancer or its treatment, your doctor may recommend that you receive physical and occupational therapy at Rusk Rehabilitation. Strength and aerobic exercises can help improve your energy level and quality of life and enable you to return to your daily activities at home and in the community.

• #58 Treatment decisions | Laryngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions

  You might have a combination of treatments, these include: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, surgery to remove the larynx (laryngectomy). […] For advanced cancer, your doctor will refer you to a palliative care team. Palliative care specialists care for people in the final stages of their illness. […] The treatment you might have for laryngeal cancer that has come back depends on where in your body the cancer is. It also depends on what treatment you had previously. […] You might have surgery if your surgeon can remove the cancer and you are fit enough. […] You might have radiotherapy on its own or after surgery. […] Other treatment options include: chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted cancer drugs. […] It helps to understand how treatment can help you, how it might affect your quality of life, what are the side effects. […] You may decide not to have cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy. But you can still have medicines to help control symptoms, such as sickness or pain.

• #59 Stage I Larynx Cancer

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/head-and-neck-cancers/larynx-cancer/treatment-of-stage-i-larynx-cancer

  The current consensus of opinion is that preventive treatment of the neck may not be indicated for stage I cancer of the larynx, but may be appropriate for stage II and III cancer without clinical lymph node involvement. […] The progress that has been made in the treatment of early cancer of the larynx has resulted from early diagnosis, improved surgical and radiation therapy techniques, as well as participation in clinical studies. […] Improved Radiation Therapy Techniques: Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) are relatively new promising techniques which could increase the dose of radiation to cancers without increasing toxicity. […] Cryotherapy (freezing) is being evaluated for the treatment of a variety of cancers. […] An advantage to photodynamic therapy is that it can usually be given to outpatients under local anesthetic.

• #60 Combination chemo-radiation therapy may help preserve larynx for patients with laryngeal cancer – ecancer

  https://ecancer.org/en/news/9728-combination-chemo-radiation-therapy-may-help-preserve-larynx-for-patients-with-laryngeal-cancer

  Combination chemo-radiation therapy may help preserve larynx for patients with laryngeal cancer. In a study published online by JAMA Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, James A. Bonner, M.D., of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and colleagues assessed the rates of laryngeal (having to do with the larynx [voice box]) preservation and laryngectomy-free survival in patients receiving the monoclonal antibody cetuximab and radiation therapy (CRT) or radiation therapy alone. […] Although laryngectomy is an effective treatment, investigators have sought therapeutic strategies that result in voice preservation. […] After the realization that many patients could avoid total laryngectomy with the use of primary radiotherapy, several combination chemoradiotherapy strategies were introduced for patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancers.

• #61 Laser treatment for larynx cancer: an overview of techniques and complications

  https://www.jkslms.or.kr/view.html?uid=320&vmd=Full

  While laser treatment for larynx cancer is generally considered safe and effective, like any medical procedure, it does carry some potential risks. […] By implementing these strategies, it is possible to decrease the risk of complications associated with laser treatment for larynx cancer and improve the outcomes for patients undergoing this procedure. […] The success of laser treatment for larynx cancer is influenced by several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the size and location of the tumor, the patients overall health, and the expertise of the surgeon. […] The future of laser treatment for larynx cancer is bright, with many exciting advances in the pipeline. Whether through the development of more precise and sophisticated laser technology, the use of minimally invasive techniques, or the use of laser-assisted reconstruction, it is likely that patients will continue to benefit from the many advantages of laser treatment for larynx cancer.

• #62 Throat Cancer Treatment | Laryngeal Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/treating.html

  Some of the treatments can also be used as palliative treatment if all the cancer cannot be removed. Palliative treatment is meant to relieve symptoms, such as pain or trouble swallowing, but it’s not expected to cure the cancer. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] Complementary methods are treatments that are used along with your regular medical care. Alternative treatments are used instead of standard medical treatment. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision. […] Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] Even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms.

• #63 Stage 0 Larynx Cancer

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/head-and-neck-cancers/larynx-cancer/treatment-of-stage-0-larynx-cancer

  Stage 0 (also called carcinoma in situ) is non-invasive cancer limited to the cells that line the larynx, and has not spread to lymph nodes in the area or to distant sites. […] A variety of factors ultimately influence a patients decision to receive treatment of cancer. The purpose of receiving cancer treatment may be to improve symptoms through local control of the cancer, increase a patients chance of cure, or prolong a patients survival. The potential benefits of receiving cancer treatment must be carefully balanced with the potential risks of receiving cancer treatment. […] The following is a general overview of the treatment of stage 0 cancer of the larynx. […] Most new treatments are developed in clinical trials. Clinical trials are studies that evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs or treatment strategies.

• #64 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI]

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=ncicdr0000258016

  New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage I laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage II laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage III laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage IVA, IVB, and IVC laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. […] Treatment of metastatic and recurrent laryngeal cancer may include the following: Surgery with or without radiation therapy. Radiation therapy. Chemotherapy. Immunotherapy with pembrolizumab or nivolumab. A clinical trial of a new treatment.

• #65

  https://journals.lww.com/crst/fulltext/2024/07001/indian_clinical_practice_consensus_guidelines_for.5.aspx

  In laryngeal cancer, the goal of treatment is to achieve maximum cure and preserve function of the larynx with good voice quality. In early disease, transoral laser microsurgery is the preferred choice of treatment. An option for treatment of carcinoma in situ is radiotherapy (RT). In locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) is an option. Induction therapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-flourouracil (TPF), followed by definitive RT or definitive CTRT can be one of the organ preservation approaches for patients undergoing total laryngectomy. For resectable locally advanced disease (T3, N0-3), surgery (laryngectomy with thyroidectomy, ipsilateral or bilateral neck dissection, and pretracheal and ipsilateral paratracheal lymph node dissection) with RT or CTRT should be considered.

• #66 Laryngeal Cancer – Head and Neck Cancer Australia

  https://www.headandneckcancer.org.au/types-of-head-neck-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/

  Following a diagnosis of Laryngeal Cancer, your cancer care team will discuss the treatment options including the possibility of participating in a clinical trial that is suitable for you. This is also a good time to consider if you would like a second opinion. […] The most suitable treatment of Laryngeal Cancer depends on many things including: size and location of the cancer, whether the cancer has spread, personal factors (e.g. age, general health and treatment history), types of treatment available (and whether any clinical trials are available), your preferences for treatment. […] There are two broad categories of treatment for Laryngeal Cancers; surgery and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is sometimes used at same time with radiation therapy (called concurrent chemotherapy). […] Surgery is generally used for advanced stage Laryngeal Cancer. Your doctor may consider removing the cancer using a robot (Transoral Robotic Surgery, or TORS). TORS may be performed by a head and neck cancer surgeon, which is carried out through the mouth without any external cuts.

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