Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/

  Tinea corporis, more commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial dermatophyte skin infection caused by fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. […] Diagnosis is typically clinical but may be confirmed through potassium hydroxide microscopy of skin scrapings, which reveals hyaline and septate hyphae. Culture or polymerase chain reaction testing may be used to identify the pathogenic species in refractory cases. […] Tinea corporis is typically diagnosed based on a detailed history and a thorough physical examination. Diagnostic tests can confirm the condition when needed. Microscopic evaluation of skin scrapings with a KOH preparation often reveals septate, branching, long, narrow hyphae. However, false negatives occur in up to 15% of cases when relying solely on KOH preparations.

• #2 Diagnosis and Management of Common Tinea Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0701/p163.html

  The classic presentation of tinea infection, known as ringworm, is a lesion with central clearing surrounded by an advancing, red, scaly, elevated border. […] Microscopic examination is central to the office diagnosis of any tinea infection. Material is scraped from an active area of the lesion, placed in a drop of potassium hydroxide solution and examined under a microscope. The examination, which can be done quickly and easily, is highly sensitive and specific for dermatophyte identification. […] Because cultures are both expensive and time-consuming, they are not routinely performed in suspected tinea infections. However, cultures should be obtained when long-term oral drug therapy is being considered, the patient has a recalcitrant infection or the diagnosis is in doubt. […] Tinea capitis, sometimes called ringworm of the scalp, primarily affects school-aged children. […] Tinea corporis, also called ringworm of the body, often affects children and adults who live in hot, humid climates. […] Tinea unguium is a dermatophyte infection of the nails.

• #3 Ringworm (body) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353786

  Your doctor might be able to diagnose ringworm simply by looking at it. Your doctor may take skin scrapings from the affected area so that they can be examined under a microscope. […] Your family doctor or a skin specialist (dermatologist) can diagnose ringworm of the body. […] Are tests needed to confirm the diagnosis?

• #4 Ringworm: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ringworm-treatment

  A dermatologist can often tell if you have ringworm by looking at the infected area. […] Before giving you the diagnosis, your dermatologist may send a bit of the infected skin, hair, or nail to a laboratory. […] By looking at the sample under a microscope, a doctor can see if it contains any of the fungi that cause ringworm. […] If you have ringworm, your dermatologist will treat it with antifungal medicine. […] On the scalp, ringworm requires prescription medicine. […] It is important to take an antifungal medicine exactly as prescribed, and for as long as prescribed. […] To clear ringworm, you must treat it everywhere on your body at the same time. […] Antifungal medicine can clear ringworm from every area of the body.

• #5 Tinea corporis (Body Ringworm) — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/tinea-corporis

  Tinea corporis should be considered in the setting of a solitary patch or asymmetrical rash and confirmed on mycology to determine the likely source. […] Examination should include the entire skin surface, including the scalp and nails, for other sites of involvement. […] Dermoscopy may assist the clinical diagnosis with features of erythema, white scaling, peripheral or patchy distribution of blood vessels, tiny follicular papules, brown spots surrounded by white-yellow rings, and wavy or broken hairs. […] Skin scrapings taken from the scaly lesion edge and mounted in 10-20% potassium hydroxide can be examined under a light microscope for hyphae and spores. […] Fungal culture of the skin scrapings provides identification of the causative organism. […] Tinea corporis is sometimes diagnosed on skin biopsy, and characteristic histology changes are seen. […] Histology is typically required for the diagnosis of Majocchi granuloma.

• #6 Tinea corporis (Body Ringworm) — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/tinea-corporis

  Tinea corporis should be considered in the setting of a solitary patch or asymmetrical rash and confirmed on mycology to determine the likely source. […] Examination should include the entire skin surface, including the scalp and nails, for other sites of involvement. […] Dermoscopy may assist the clinical diagnosis with features of erythema, white scaling, peripheral or patchy distribution of blood vessels, tiny follicular papules, brown spots surrounded by white-yellow rings, and wavy or broken hairs. […] Skin scrapings taken from the scaly lesion edge and mounted in 10-20% potassium hydroxide can be examined under a light microscope for hyphae and spores. […] Fungal culture of the skin scrapings provides identification of the causative organism. […] Tinea corporis is sometimes diagnosed on skin biopsy, and characteristic histology changes are seen. […] Histology is typically required for the diagnosis of Majocchi granuloma.

• #7 Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1115/p702.html

  Tinea infections can be difficult to diagnose and treat. […] The clinical diagnosis can be unreliable because tinea infections have many mimics, which can manifest identical lesions. […] Physicians should confirm suspected onychomycosis and tinea capitis with a potassium hydroxide preparation or culture. […] Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis can often be diagnosed based on appearance, but a potassium hydroxide preparation or culture should be performed when the appearance is atypical. […] The diagnosis of onychomycosis should generally be confirmed with a test such as potassium hydroxide preparation, culture, or periodic acid-Schiff stain before initiating treatment. […] A potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation is often helpful when the diagnosis is uncertain based on history and visual inspection.

• #8 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Since ringworm is a contagious and zoonotic disease, rapid confirmation of true infection is needed for proper treatment that reduces risk for transmission to other susceptible animals and people. No one diagnostic test is considered the gold standard. The best diagnostic approach is to use a combination of the following tools: […] The Woods lamp is a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool. A Woods lamp exam is considered a core diagnostic test for cats with skin disease. Nearly 100% of M. canis-infected cats have infected hairs that fluoresce a bright apple-green under the Woods lamp UV light. […] In addition to initial diagnosis, the Woods lamp exam can be used to monitor response to treatment. […] Trichograms, or direct microscopic exam of hairs is another POC diagnostic tool. […] In studies comparing Woods lamp exams and trichograms with M.canis fungal culture results, the Woods lamp exam had a positive predictive value of 90% and a negative predictive value of 94%.

• #9 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & How to Identify

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-you-should-know-about-ringworm

  Wood’s lamp test […] This is another way to diagnose skin conditions, developed by American physicist Robert Wood. You sit in your doctor’s office with all the lights turned off. The doctor turns on the Wood lamp, which uses ultraviolet light, and holds it 5 inches from your skin to look for color changes. Certain fungi will cause the affected areas to change color under the light. The exam time is very short and you’ll be told not to look at the light while it’s on.

• #10 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Since ringworm is a contagious and zoonotic disease, rapid confirmation of true infection is needed for proper treatment that reduces risk for transmission to other susceptible animals and people. No one diagnostic test is considered the gold standard. The best diagnostic approach is to use a combination of the following tools: […] The Woods lamp is a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool. A Woods lamp exam is considered a core diagnostic test for cats with skin disease. Nearly 100% of M. canis-infected cats have infected hairs that fluoresce a bright apple-green under the Woods lamp UV light. […] In addition to initial diagnosis, the Woods lamp exam can be used to monitor response to treatment. […] Trichograms, or direct microscopic exam of hairs is another POC diagnostic tool. […] In studies comparing Woods lamp exams and trichograms with M.canis fungal culture results, the Woods lamp exam had a positive predictive value of 90% and a negative predictive value of 94%.

• #11 Dermatophytosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatophytosis

  Diagnostic method Based on symptoms, microbial culture, microscopic examination. […] Diagnosis is often based on the appearance and symptoms. It may be confirmed by either culturing or looking at a skin scraping under a microscope. […] Dermatophyte infections can be readily diagnosed based on the history, physical examination, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy. […] Veterinarians have several tests to identify ringworm infection and identify the fungal species that cause it: […] Culture test: This is the most effective, but also the most time-consuming, way to determine if ringworm is on a pet. In this test, the veterinarian collects hairs from the pet, or else collects fungal spores from the pet’s hair with a toothbrush, or other instrument, and inoculates fungal media for culture.

• #12 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Since ringworm is a contagious and zoonotic disease, rapid confirmation of true infection is needed for proper treatment that reduces risk for transmission to other susceptible animals and people. No one diagnostic test is considered the gold standard. The best diagnostic approach is to use a combination of the following tools: […] The Woods lamp is a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool. A Woods lamp exam is considered a core diagnostic test for cats with skin disease. Nearly 100% of M. canis-infected cats have infected hairs that fluoresce a bright apple-green under the Woods lamp UV light. […] In addition to initial diagnosis, the Woods lamp exam can be used to monitor response to treatment. […] Trichograms, or direct microscopic exam of hairs is another POC diagnostic tool. […] In studies comparing Woods lamp exams and trichograms with M.canis fungal culture results, the Woods lamp exam had a positive predictive value of 90% and a negative predictive value of 94%.

• #13 Tinea corporis (Body Ringworm) — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/tinea-corporis

  Tinea corporis should be considered in the setting of a solitary patch or asymmetrical rash and confirmed on mycology to determine the likely source. […] Examination should include the entire skin surface, including the scalp and nails, for other sites of involvement. […] Dermoscopy may assist the clinical diagnosis with features of erythema, white scaling, peripheral or patchy distribution of blood vessels, tiny follicular papules, brown spots surrounded by white-yellow rings, and wavy or broken hairs. […] Skin scrapings taken from the scaly lesion edge and mounted in 10-20% potassium hydroxide can be examined under a light microscope for hyphae and spores. […] Fungal culture of the skin scrapings provides identification of the causative organism. […] Tinea corporis is sometimes diagnosed on skin biopsy, and characteristic histology changes are seen. […] Histology is typically required for the diagnosis of Majocchi granuloma.

• #14 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/

  Tinea corporis, more commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial dermatophyte skin infection caused by fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. […] Diagnosis is typically clinical but may be confirmed through potassium hydroxide microscopy of skin scrapings, which reveals hyaline and septate hyphae. Culture or polymerase chain reaction testing may be used to identify the pathogenic species in refractory cases. […] Tinea corporis is typically diagnosed based on a detailed history and a thorough physical examination. Diagnostic tests can confirm the condition when needed. Microscopic evaluation of skin scrapings with a KOH preparation often reveals septate, branching, long, narrow hyphae. However, false negatives occur in up to 15% of cases when relying solely on KOH preparations.

• #15 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ringworm

  Ringworm is a fungal infection that causes a ring shape on the skin and other symptoms. Treatment may vary by the part of the body affected but typically involves oral or topical antifungals. […] A doctor may diagnose ringworm after examining your skin and possibly using a black light to view the affected area. Depending on the type of fungus, it may glow under black light. […] Your doctor may confirm a diagnosis of ringworm with certain tests: With a skin biopsy or skin culture, a doctor takes a sample of your skin or discharge from a blister and sends it to a lab to test for fungus. […] With a KOH exam, your doctor scrapes off a small area of affected skin onto a slide and places drops of a liquid called potassium hydroxide (KOH) on it. The KOH breaks apart typical skin cells, making the fungal elements easier to see under a microscope.

• #16 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-ringworm.aspx

  A physical examination of the site of infection is often sufficient to diagnose ringworm. […] In some cases, microscopic examination is needed to confirm the diagnosis. […] Presence of fungal hyphae confirms ringworm. […] If the microscopic analysis is unsatisfactory, fungal culture can also be performed to diagnose ringworm.

• #17 Ringworm – signs, diagnosis and treatment – Vetwest Veterinary Clinics

  https://www.vetwest.com.au/pet-library/ringworm-signs-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  If you suspect wingworm in your dog or cat, its important to go straight to your vet, as diagnosis often requires a thorough clinical examination and testing. […] Your vet will use a combination of the following diagnostic tests: […] Your vet may gently pluck a small sample of hair surrounding the lesion and view the hair shafts under the microscope. This may allow the visualisation of fungal spores attached to the hair shafts. […] If your vet needs to confirm the diagnosis, they may send a hair sample to a lab for testing. While it can take up to four weeks for a conclusive diagnosis from the lab, early signs of the infection can be detected within a few days. A fungal culture can be necessary if results of other tests are inconclusive or if the particular species of ringworm needs to be identified.

• #18 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Since ringworm is a contagious and zoonotic disease, rapid confirmation of true infection is needed for proper treatment that reduces risk for transmission to other susceptible animals and people. No one diagnostic test is considered the gold standard. The best diagnostic approach is to use a combination of the following tools: […] The Woods lamp is a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool. A Woods lamp exam is considered a core diagnostic test for cats with skin disease. Nearly 100% of M. canis-infected cats have infected hairs that fluoresce a bright apple-green under the Woods lamp UV light. […] In addition to initial diagnosis, the Woods lamp exam can be used to monitor response to treatment. […] Trichograms, or direct microscopic exam of hairs is another POC diagnostic tool. […] In studies comparing Woods lamp exams and trichograms with M.canis fungal culture results, the Woods lamp exam had a positive predictive value of 90% and a negative predictive value of 94%.

• #19 Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1115/p702.html

  The diagnosis of onychomycosis should usually be confirmed with a KOH preparation, culture, or PAS stain because the treatment is long and potentially expensive, and the nonfungal mimics are common. […] In one study, less than 50% of dystrophic toenails resulted in positive fungal cultures. […] However, the involvement of multiple toenails, or accompanying tinea pedis, may justify treatment without confirming the diagnosis. […] A culture, which is more sensitive than the KOH preparation, can be performed by moistening a cotton applicator or toothbrush with tap water and rubbing it over the involved scalp. […] Many physicians treat tinea capitis without a confirmatory culture or KOH preparation if the presentation is typical. […] The sensitivity of the KOH preparation varies widely in different settings, ranging from 12% in a study of 27 Flemish general practitioners to 88% in a Nova Scotia tertiary care center. […] Don’t prescribe oral antifungal therapy for suspected nail fungus without confirmation of fungal infection.

• #20 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/

  Tinea corporis, more commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial dermatophyte skin infection caused by fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. […] Diagnosis is typically clinical but may be confirmed through potassium hydroxide microscopy of skin scrapings, which reveals hyaline and septate hyphae. Culture or polymerase chain reaction testing may be used to identify the pathogenic species in refractory cases. […] Tinea corporis is typically diagnosed based on a detailed history and a thorough physical examination. Diagnostic tests can confirm the condition when needed. Microscopic evaluation of skin scrapings with a KOH preparation often reveals septate, branching, long, narrow hyphae. However, false negatives occur in up to 15% of cases when relying solely on KOH preparations.

• #21 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/

  Fungal culture is another reliable method for confirming the diagnosis. Although fungal cultures can provide definitive identification, they require time for growth. […] Performing antifungal susceptibility testing on cultured organisms can help determine the most effective treatment regimen. […] Tinea corporis can be diagnosed through a clinical evaluation, which includes obtaining a history and performing a physical examination. In cases with an atypical appearance, further testing, such as a KOH test or fungal culture, should be considered.

• #22 Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) in Dogs – Dog Owners – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/dog-owners/skin-disorders-of-dogs/ringworm-dermatophytosis-in-dogs

  Ringworm is diagnosed by fungal culture, examination with an ultraviolet lamp, and direct microscopic examination of hair or skin scale. […] Fungal culture of hairs and scrapings from the affected areas is the most accurate method. […] Direct microscopic examination of hairs or skin scrapings may allow early diagnosis.

• #23 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Confirming evidence of infection through direct examination with a Woods lamp and a trichogram allows ringworm treatment to begin on the day of exam, long before results of a fungal culture are available. […] Fungal cultures are performed with dermatophyte test media (DTM) and samples acquired by brushing lesions with new soft-bristled toothbrushes. […] Suspect dermatophyte colonies on DTM plates must be examined microscopically to confirm dermatophyte identification and determine the species. […] The advantages of this very sensitive PCR test are the rapid turnaround time of 2-3 days for diagnosis and identification of the dermatophyte species. A negative PCR result is very reliable and accurate for indicating lack of infection, so its especially useful for ruling out infection in cats with suspect skin lesions. […] Some cats test false positive with Woods lamp, trichogram, fungal culture, or PCR testing due to M canis spore carriage on their fur from contact with an infected animal or exposure to a contaminated environment.

• #24 Ringworm – MSD Animal Health Republic of Ireland

  https://www.msd-animal-health.ie/species/cattle/ringworm/

  Diagnosis is made on the clinical signs of the classic lesions of ringworm. The asbestos like lesions are very typical for cattle. A conclusive diagnosis requires mycological examination in the form of direct microscopy and culture. […] Laboratory tests Direct microscopy: Microscopic examination reveals the constituents of the fungi on the skin and hair fragments Culture: definite diagnosis of the species of fungus requires the use of culture techniques. Culture mediums are Sabourauds agar, mycobiotic agar and dermatophyte test medium (DTM). In order to arrive at a conclusive answer culture time may need to be extended for as long as three weeks.

• #25 Ringworm | Village Center Veterinary Care

  https://www.villagecentervet.com/resources/materials/general-health/ringworm

  “Your pet has ringworm.” Those are words that conjure images of grimy living conditions, sores and patches of hair loss springing up on everyone within a 200 mile radius of the affected animal. […] When we suspect a patient has ringworm the first diagnostic test is to look at the affected areas under UV light–also known as using the CSI “clue wand”. Some types of ringworm cling to the hair shafts and flouresce brightly when exposed to ultraviolet light. […] If the quick and easy diagnostic test doesn’t yield results and ringworm is still on the suspect list we will gather some hair samples and start a fungal culture on a special growth medium that turns red in a few days in the presence of the ringworm fungus. […] Resolution of the ringworm infection is proven by a negative repeat culture rather than just resolution of clinical signs because cats in particular can sometimes be asymptomatic carriers of ringworm.

• #26 How Ringworm Is Diagnosed

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/ringworm-diagnosis-4163127

  Ringworm (dermatophytosis) can often be diagnosed by its round, ring-like appearance. If needed, a scraping of the lesion can be examined under a microscope with a drop of potassium chloride (KOH) stain to positively identify the fungus. […] If the results of the KOH test aren’t conclusive, a scraping of the lesion can be sent to the lab to culture. A fungal culture is performed by putting skin scrapings in a sterile culture medium. If fungal spores are present, they will start to grow and provide definitive proof of the infection within three to four weeks.

• #27

• #28 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Confirming evidence of infection through direct examination with a Woods lamp and a trichogram allows ringworm treatment to begin on the day of exam, long before results of a fungal culture are available. […] Fungal cultures are performed with dermatophyte test media (DTM) and samples acquired by brushing lesions with new soft-bristled toothbrushes. […] Suspect dermatophyte colonies on DTM plates must be examined microscopically to confirm dermatophyte identification and determine the species. […] The advantages of this very sensitive PCR test are the rapid turnaround time of 2-3 days for diagnosis and identification of the dermatophyte species. A negative PCR result is very reliable and accurate for indicating lack of infection, so its especially useful for ruling out infection in cats with suspect skin lesions. […] Some cats test false positive with Woods lamp, trichogram, fungal culture, or PCR testing due to M canis spore carriage on their fur from contact with an infected animal or exposure to a contaminated environment.

• #29 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/

  Fungal culture is another reliable method for confirming the diagnosis. Although fungal cultures can provide definitive identification, they require time for growth. […] Performing antifungal susceptibility testing on cultured organisms can help determine the most effective treatment regimen. […] Tinea corporis can be diagnosed through a clinical evaluation, which includes obtaining a history and performing a physical examination. In cases with an atypical appearance, further testing, such as a KOH test or fungal culture, should be considered.

• #30 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Confirming evidence of infection through direct examination with a Woods lamp and a trichogram allows ringworm treatment to begin on the day of exam, long before results of a fungal culture are available. […] Fungal cultures are performed with dermatophyte test media (DTM) and samples acquired by brushing lesions with new soft-bristled toothbrushes. […] Suspect dermatophyte colonies on DTM plates must be examined microscopically to confirm dermatophyte identification and determine the species. […] The advantages of this very sensitive PCR test are the rapid turnaround time of 2-3 days for diagnosis and identification of the dermatophyte species. A negative PCR result is very reliable and accurate for indicating lack of infection, so its especially useful for ruling out infection in cats with suspect skin lesions. […] Some cats test false positive with Woods lamp, trichogram, fungal culture, or PCR testing due to M canis spore carriage on their fur from contact with an infected animal or exposure to a contaminated environment.

• #31 Ringworm in calves: risk factors, improved molecular diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy of an Aloe vera gel extract | BMC Veterinary Research | Full Text

  https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-020-02616-9

  Dermatophytosis in calves is a major public and veterinary health concern worldwide because of its zoonotic potential and associated economic losses in cattle farms. […] to develop effective control measures, we determined ringworm prevalence, risk factors, and the direct-sample nested PCR diagnostic indices compared with the conventional methods of dermatophytes identification. […] One-step PCR targeting the conserved regions of the 18S and 28S genes achieved unequivocal identification of T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes in hair samples. […] Nested-PCR exhibited an excellent performance in all tested diagnostic indices and increased the species-specific detection of dermatophytes by 20% compared with culture. […] The nested PCR assay provided a rapid diagnostic tool for dermatophytosis and complemented the conventional methods for initiating targeted treatments for ringworm in calves. […] The implementation of a nested PCR assay provided a rapid diagnostic tool for dermatophytosis and complemented the conventional methods for dermatophyte-species-specific detection for the initiation of targeted treatment, thus reducing the burden of the economic losses caused by ringworm infection.

• #32 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Confirming evidence of infection through direct examination with a Woods lamp and a trichogram allows ringworm treatment to begin on the day of exam, long before results of a fungal culture are available. […] Fungal cultures are performed with dermatophyte test media (DTM) and samples acquired by brushing lesions with new soft-bristled toothbrushes. […] Suspect dermatophyte colonies on DTM plates must be examined microscopically to confirm dermatophyte identification and determine the species. […] The advantages of this very sensitive PCR test are the rapid turnaround time of 2-3 days for diagnosis and identification of the dermatophyte species. A negative PCR result is very reliable and accurate for indicating lack of infection, so its especially useful for ruling out infection in cats with suspect skin lesions. […] Some cats test false positive with Woods lamp, trichogram, fungal culture, or PCR testing due to M canis spore carriage on their fur from contact with an infected animal or exposure to a contaminated environment.

• #33 Information for Healthcare Providers: Emerging Ringworm | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/hcp/clinician-brief-resistant-infections/index.html

  Healthcare providers should be aware of emerging strains of dermatophytes causing severe ringworm. […] Diagnosis of emerging strains often requires specialized testing only available at select reference laboratories. […] Diagnosing T. indotineae infection requires advanced molecular techniques such as genomic sequencing. […] Most clinical laboratories cannot distinguish T. indotineae from T. mentagrophytes or T. interdigitale, other types of dermatophyte that cause ringworm. […] Diagnosing TMVII infection requires advanced molecular techniques such as genomic sequencing. […] Most clinical laboratories cannot distinguish TMVII from T. mentagrophytes or T. interdigitale, two other types of dermatophytes.

• #34 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Confirming evidence of infection through direct examination with a Woods lamp and a trichogram allows ringworm treatment to begin on the day of exam, long before results of a fungal culture are available. […] Fungal cultures are performed with dermatophyte test media (DTM) and samples acquired by brushing lesions with new soft-bristled toothbrushes. […] Suspect dermatophyte colonies on DTM plates must be examined microscopically to confirm dermatophyte identification and determine the species. […] The advantages of this very sensitive PCR test are the rapid turnaround time of 2-3 days for diagnosis and identification of the dermatophyte species. A negative PCR result is very reliable and accurate for indicating lack of infection, so its especially useful for ruling out infection in cats with suspect skin lesions. […] Some cats test false positive with Woods lamp, trichogram, fungal culture, or PCR testing due to M canis spore carriage on their fur from contact with an infected animal or exposure to a contaminated environment.

• #35 Tinea corporis (Body Ringworm) — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/tinea-corporis

  Tinea corporis should be considered in the setting of a solitary patch or asymmetrical rash and confirmed on mycology to determine the likely source. […] Examination should include the entire skin surface, including the scalp and nails, for other sites of involvement. […] Dermoscopy may assist the clinical diagnosis with features of erythema, white scaling, peripheral or patchy distribution of blood vessels, tiny follicular papules, brown spots surrounded by white-yellow rings, and wavy or broken hairs. […] Skin scrapings taken from the scaly lesion edge and mounted in 10-20% potassium hydroxide can be examined under a light microscope for hyphae and spores. […] Fungal culture of the skin scrapings provides identification of the causative organism. […] Tinea corporis is sometimes diagnosed on skin biopsy, and characteristic histology changes are seen. […] Histology is typically required for the diagnosis of Majocchi granuloma.

• #36 Diagnosis of Ringworm – Cares at Home – Blog

  https://caresathome.com/blog/diagnosis-of-ringworm/

  In rare or severe cases, a skin biopsy may be performed, especially if the diagnosis remains unclear or if the infection is not improving with treatment. A small piece of the affected skin is removed and examined under a microscope to check for fungal elements and tissue changes. […] A Dermatophyte Test Medium is a type of culture used in some clinics for faster identification: The sample is placed on a special medium that changes color if dermatophytes are present. It provides quicker results than standard fungal cultures, although confirmation of the fungal species may still be needed. […] Proper diagnostic tests help avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate antifungal treatment is administered. […] Ringworm is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, KOH test, Woods lamp examination, and, if necessary, fungal culture or biopsy. Early and accurate diagnosis is key to preventing the spread of infection and achieving effective treatment.

• #37 How To Identify Ringworm

  https://www.afcurgentcare.com/farragut-tn/blog/how-to-identify-ringworm/

  Worried about a rash? Discover how doctors diagnose ringworm, from physical exams to potential tests like skin scrapings or biopsies. […] Ringworm, a common fungal infection, is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination and laboratory tests. While its often possible to identify ringworm based on their characteristic appearance, additional tests may be necessary for confirmation. […] A healthcare provider can often diagnose ringworm based on a visual examination of the rash. […] If the diagnosis is uncertain based on physical examination alone, a skin scraping may be performed. […] In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. […] To rule out these and other possibilities, a healthcare provider may need to consider the patients medical history, symptoms, and the results of any laboratory tests.

• #38 Ringworm: What it looks like, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158004

  Ringworm diagnosis typically involves a doctor or pharmacist examining the affected area and asking the patient about their medical history and symptoms. […] A doctor may take a small scraping of the skin, which will not hurt, and examine it under a microscope to look for characteristics of fungi. […] The doctor will assess whether the rash is due to another condition, such as psoriasis. Further testing may be necessary if symptoms are particularly severe. […] If symptoms do not improve after treatment, the doctor may remove a small piece of affected skin and send it to a lab for analysis.

• #39 Tinea corporis (Body Ringworm) — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/tinea-corporis

  Tinea corporis should be considered in the setting of a solitary patch or asymmetrical rash and confirmed on mycology to determine the likely source. […] Examination should include the entire skin surface, including the scalp and nails, for other sites of involvement. […] Dermoscopy may assist the clinical diagnosis with features of erythema, white scaling, peripheral or patchy distribution of blood vessels, tiny follicular papules, brown spots surrounded by white-yellow rings, and wavy or broken hairs. […] Skin scrapings taken from the scaly lesion edge and mounted in 10-20% potassium hydroxide can be examined under a light microscope for hyphae and spores. […] Fungal culture of the skin scrapings provides identification of the causative organism. […] Tinea corporis is sometimes diagnosed on skin biopsy, and characteristic histology changes are seen. […] Histology is typically required for the diagnosis of Majocchi granuloma.

• #40 Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1115/p702.html

  Tinea infections can be difficult to diagnose and treat. […] The clinical diagnosis can be unreliable because tinea infections have many mimics, which can manifest identical lesions. […] Physicians should confirm suspected onychomycosis and tinea capitis with a potassium hydroxide preparation or culture. […] Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis can often be diagnosed based on appearance, but a potassium hydroxide preparation or culture should be performed when the appearance is atypical. […] The diagnosis of onychomycosis should generally be confirmed with a test such as potassium hydroxide preparation, culture, or periodic acid-Schiff stain before initiating treatment. […] A potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation is often helpful when the diagnosis is uncertain based on history and visual inspection.

• #41 What Is Ringworm? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/ringworm/guide/

  Your healthcare provider might be able to tell whether you have a ringworm infection just by looking at it. They also might take skin scrapings from the affected area. […] The American Academy of Family Physicians notes that diagnosing ringworm can be a little tricky, because it often resembles other conditions. For example, tinea corporis might be confused with eczema, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis; tinea capitis might be confused with alopecia areata; and ringworm of the toenails can look like dystrophic toenails (changes in texture and composition) caused by trauma to the nails. A ringworm diagnosis can be confirmed with a fungal culture.

• #42 Ringworm on Body: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes & Pictures

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/ringworm_on_body/article_em.htm

  Ringworm is a common fungal infection resulting from dermatophytes. Ringworm (tinea corporis) is a common fungal infection resulting from dermatophytes. […] How Do Doctors Diagnose Ringworm on the Body? Diagnosis of ringworm is usually made by clinical exam. To confirm the diagnosis, a doctor may scrape the lesion’s active border with a scalpel blade. After placing the scrapings onto a glass slide, the doctor will check the sample under a microscope. This may be done only if the diagnosis is not obvious to the treating physician. […] When Should Someone Seek Medical Care for Ringworm on the Body? If the ringworm lesion fails to respond to over-the-counter antifungal medications (commonly used for athlete’s foot) after one week of applying the medication, call a doctor. The doctor will make sure it is really ringworm and start prescription medication. It is important to have a physician diagnose this condition to treat it properly, as ringworm on the body can resemble other skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis.

• #43 Clinical Overview of Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Use of diagnostics is recommended before prescribing antifungal treatment. […] Diagnosis often requires specialized testing. […] Healthcare providers are recommended to test for suspected ringworm and other fungal skin or nail infections to determine best treatment. […] Misdiagnoses and incorrect or delayed treatment allows symptoms to progress. […] In some cases, incorrect treatment can worse the infection. […] Antimicrobial-resistant ringworm is emerging and is a current public health concern. […] Diagnostic testing, appropriate prescribing, and patient education helps preserve the limited antifungal medication options. […] Clinicians should also become familiar emerging ringworm, including some that are antimicrobial-resistant.

• #44 Information for Healthcare Providers: Emerging Ringworm | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/hcp/clinician-brief-resistant-infections/index.html

  Healthcare providers should be aware of emerging strains of dermatophytes causing severe ringworm. […] Diagnosis of emerging strains often requires specialized testing only available at select reference laboratories. […] Diagnosing T. indotineae infection requires advanced molecular techniques such as genomic sequencing. […] Most clinical laboratories cannot distinguish T. indotineae from T. mentagrophytes or T. interdigitale, other types of dermatophyte that cause ringworm. […] Diagnosing TMVII infection requires advanced molecular techniques such as genomic sequencing. […] Most clinical laboratories cannot distinguish TMVII from T. mentagrophytes or T. interdigitale, two other types of dermatophytes.

• #45 Information for Healthcare Providers: Emerging Ringworm | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/hcp/clinician-brief-resistant-infections/index.html

  Healthcare providers should be aware of emerging strains of dermatophytes causing severe ringworm. […] Diagnosis of emerging strains often requires specialized testing only available at select reference laboratories. […] Diagnosing T. indotineae infection requires advanced molecular techniques such as genomic sequencing. […] Most clinical laboratories cannot distinguish T. indotineae from T. mentagrophytes or T. interdigitale, other types of dermatophyte that cause ringworm. […] Diagnosing TMVII infection requires advanced molecular techniques such as genomic sequencing. […] Most clinical laboratories cannot distinguish TMVII from T. mentagrophytes or T. interdigitale, two other types of dermatophytes.

• #46 Clinical Overview of Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Use of diagnostics is recommended before prescribing antifungal treatment. […] Diagnosis often requires specialized testing. […] Healthcare providers are recommended to test for suspected ringworm and other fungal skin or nail infections to determine best treatment. […] Misdiagnoses and incorrect or delayed treatment allows symptoms to progress. […] In some cases, incorrect treatment can worse the infection. […] Antimicrobial-resistant ringworm is emerging and is a current public health concern. […] Diagnostic testing, appropriate prescribing, and patient education helps preserve the limited antifungal medication options. […] Clinicians should also become familiar emerging ringworm, including some that are antimicrobial-resistant.

• #47 Clinical Overview of Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Use of diagnostics is recommended before prescribing antifungal treatment. […] Diagnosis often requires specialized testing. […] Healthcare providers are recommended to test for suspected ringworm and other fungal skin or nail infections to determine best treatment. […] Misdiagnoses and incorrect or delayed treatment allows symptoms to progress. […] In some cases, incorrect treatment can worse the infection. […] Antimicrobial-resistant ringworm is emerging and is a current public health concern. […] Diagnostic testing, appropriate prescribing, and patient education helps preserve the limited antifungal medication options. […] Clinicians should also become familiar emerging ringworm, including some that are antimicrobial-resistant.

• #48 Ringworm (Tinea Corporis): What It Looks Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm

  Your healthcare provider can diagnose ringworm by looking at your skin and assessing your symptoms. They may scrape the area to look at the skin cells under a microscope, too. Examining the scales typically confirms ringworm. […] Several nonprescription (over-the-counter) and prescription antifungal medications are available to treat ringworm. Antifungals come in various forms like creams, gels or powders. Your healthcare provider can treat more widespread ringworm with oral antifungal medication. […] If your symptoms get worse or dont clear after two weeks, you may need an oral prescription medication from your healthcare provider. […] Your healthcare provider may write you a prescription for oral antifungal medication if you have ringworm on your scalp or on many parts of your body. Most medications are prescribed for between one and three months.

• #49 Ringworm (body) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/symptoms-causes/syc-20353780

  Talk to your doctor if you have a rash that doesn’t begin to improve within two weeks of using an over-the-counter antifungal product. You may need prescription medication. […] Mild ringworm often responds to antifungal medications applied to the skin. For more-severe infections, you may need to take antifungal pills for several weeks.

• #50 Clinical Overview of Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Use of diagnostics is recommended before prescribing antifungal treatment. […] Diagnosis often requires specialized testing. […] Healthcare providers are recommended to test for suspected ringworm and other fungal skin or nail infections to determine best treatment. […] Misdiagnoses and incorrect or delayed treatment allows symptoms to progress. […] In some cases, incorrect treatment can worse the infection. […] Antimicrobial-resistant ringworm is emerging and is a current public health concern. […] Diagnostic testing, appropriate prescribing, and patient education helps preserve the limited antifungal medication options. […] Clinicians should also become familiar emerging ringworm, including some that are antimicrobial-resistant.

• #51 Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1115/p702.html

  The diagnosis of onychomycosis should usually be confirmed with a KOH preparation, culture, or PAS stain because the treatment is long and potentially expensive, and the nonfungal mimics are common. […] In one study, less than 50% of dystrophic toenails resulted in positive fungal cultures. […] However, the involvement of multiple toenails, or accompanying tinea pedis, may justify treatment without confirming the diagnosis. […] A culture, which is more sensitive than the KOH preparation, can be performed by moistening a cotton applicator or toothbrush with tap water and rubbing it over the involved scalp. […] Many physicians treat tinea capitis without a confirmatory culture or KOH preparation if the presentation is typical. […] The sensitivity of the KOH preparation varies widely in different settings, ranging from 12% in a study of 27 Flemish general practitioners to 88% in a Nova Scotia tertiary care center. […] Don’t prescribe oral antifungal therapy for suspected nail fungus without confirmation of fungal infection.

• #52 Ringworm (Tinea Corporis): What It Looks Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm

  If you suspect you or your child has ringworm, dont use anti-itch creams containing corticosteroids. These creams weaken your skins defenses. They can allow the infection to spread and cover larger sections of skin. […] Ringworm can be unpleasant, but antifungal medications will help you get rid of the fungus that causes ringworm. The treatment may take time, but its important to follow your healthcare providers treatment plan for as long as recommended. Ending treatment too soon can cause ringworm to return and make the infection harder to treat.

• #53 Ringworm–diagnostics, treatment, and management strategies (Proceedings)

  https://www.dvm360.com/view/ringworm-diagnostics-treatment-and-management-strategies-proceedings

  Ringworm cannot be diagnosed by clinical appearance alone. […] Any skin lesion in a high risk cat should be examined with a Wood’s lamp, followed by a fungal culture in order to definitely rule ringworm in or out. […] The only truly reliable way to diagnose ringworm is via fungal culture. […] To be certain of a diagnosis of ringworm, it is imperative to microscopically examine and positively identify the fungus. […] With effective topical and systemic treatment, fungal cure may occur prior to clinical cure. […] For this reason, it is crucial to verify cure by consecutive negative fungal cultures.

• #54 Ringworm–diagnostics, treatment, and management strategies (Proceedings)

  https://www.dvm360.com/view/ringworm-diagnostics-treatment-and-management-strategies-proceedings-0

  To be certain of a diagnosis of ringworm, it is imperative to microscopically examine and positively identify the fungus. This is accomplished by microscopic examination of a tape prep. […] With effective topical and systemic treatment, fungal cure may occur prior to clinical cure. Conversely, un-treated or ineffectively treated cats may appear cured several weeks prior to fungal cure that is, they look all better, but are still contagious to people and other animals. For this reason, it is crucial to verify cure by consecutive negative fungal cultures. Three consecutive negative cultures, one week apart, are generally recommended. Fungal cultures should be initiated staring at week one of treatment.

• #55 Ringworm–diagnostics, treatment, and management strategies (Proceedings)

  https://www.dvm360.com/view/ringworm-diagnostics-treatment-and-management-strategies-proceedings-0

  To be certain of a diagnosis of ringworm, it is imperative to microscopically examine and positively identify the fungus. This is accomplished by microscopic examination of a tape prep. […] With effective topical and systemic treatment, fungal cure may occur prior to clinical cure. Conversely, un-treated or ineffectively treated cats may appear cured several weeks prior to fungal cure that is, they look all better, but are still contagious to people and other animals. For this reason, it is crucial to verify cure by consecutive negative fungal cultures. Three consecutive negative cultures, one week apart, are generally recommended. Fungal cultures should be initiated staring at week one of treatment.

• #56 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Since ringworm is a contagious and zoonotic disease, rapid confirmation of true infection is needed for proper treatment that reduces risk for transmission to other susceptible animals and people. No one diagnostic test is considered the gold standard. The best diagnostic approach is to use a combination of the following tools: […] The Woods lamp is a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool. A Woods lamp exam is considered a core diagnostic test for cats with skin disease. Nearly 100% of M. canis-infected cats have infected hairs that fluoresce a bright apple-green under the Woods lamp UV light. […] In addition to initial diagnosis, the Woods lamp exam can be used to monitor response to treatment. […] Trichograms, or direct microscopic exam of hairs is another POC diagnostic tool. […] In studies comparing Woods lamp exams and trichograms with M.canis fungal culture results, the Woods lamp exam had a positive predictive value of 90% and a negative predictive value of 94%.

• #57 Diagnosis of Ringworm – Cares at Home – Blog

  https://caresathome.com/blog/diagnosis-of-ringworm/

  In rare or severe cases, a skin biopsy may be performed, especially if the diagnosis remains unclear or if the infection is not improving with treatment. A small piece of the affected skin is removed and examined under a microscope to check for fungal elements and tissue changes. […] A Dermatophyte Test Medium is a type of culture used in some clinics for faster identification: The sample is placed on a special medium that changes color if dermatophytes are present. It provides quicker results than standard fungal cultures, although confirmation of the fungal species may still be needed. […] Proper diagnostic tests help avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate antifungal treatment is administered. […] Ringworm is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, KOH test, Woods lamp examination, and, if necessary, fungal culture or biopsy. Early and accurate diagnosis is key to preventing the spread of infection and achieving effective treatment.

• #58 Ringworm Diagnosis – Shelter Animal Physical Health

  https://ufl.pb.unizin.org/shelteranimalphysicalhealth/chapter/ringworm-diagnosis/

  Confirming evidence of infection through direct examination with a Woods lamp and a trichogram allows ringworm treatment to begin on the day of exam, long before results of a fungal culture are available. […] Fungal cultures are performed with dermatophyte test media (DTM) and samples acquired by brushing lesions with new soft-bristled toothbrushes. […] Suspect dermatophyte colonies on DTM plates must be examined microscopically to confirm dermatophyte identification and determine the species. […] The advantages of this very sensitive PCR test are the rapid turnaround time of 2-3 days for diagnosis and identification of the dermatophyte species. A negative PCR result is very reliable and accurate for indicating lack of infection, so its especially useful for ruling out infection in cats with suspect skin lesions. […] Some cats test false positive with Woods lamp, trichogram, fungal culture, or PCR testing due to M canis spore carriage on their fur from contact with an infected animal or exposure to a contaminated environment.

• #59 Ringworm (Tinea Corporis): What It Looks Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm

  Your healthcare provider can diagnose ringworm by looking at your skin and assessing your symptoms. They may scrape the area to look at the skin cells under a microscope, too. Examining the scales typically confirms ringworm. […] Several nonprescription (over-the-counter) and prescription antifungal medications are available to treat ringworm. Antifungals come in various forms like creams, gels or powders. Your healthcare provider can treat more widespread ringworm with oral antifungal medication. […] If your symptoms get worse or dont clear after two weeks, you may need an oral prescription medication from your healthcare provider. […] Your healthcare provider may write you a prescription for oral antifungal medication if you have ringworm on your scalp or on many parts of your body. Most medications are prescribed for between one and three months.

• #60 Ringworm (Tinea Corporis): What It Looks Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm

  Antifungal shampoo, such as ketoconazole shampoo (Nizoral A-D), may stop scalp ringworm from spreading. It wont cure it, but it may help contain the infection. […] Mild cases of ringworm clear up within a few weeks. More serious infections may require treatment for six to 12 weeks. […] Although ringworm can go away by itself, its not common. While ringworm is present on your skin, youre still contagious to others. […] Ringworm thrives in damp, warm areas. The fungus can live on towels, clothes, sheets and household surfaces for months. Preventing ringworm involves: […] Yes, ringworm can come back. Ringworm will go away if you treat it appropriately. Follow your healthcare providers treatment plan until the infection clears completely. If you stop treatment or treatment ends too soon, the infection can come back.

• #61 Ringworm (Tinea Corporis): What It Looks Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm

  Antifungal shampoo, such as ketoconazole shampoo (Nizoral A-D), may stop scalp ringworm from spreading. It wont cure it, but it may help contain the infection. […] Mild cases of ringworm clear up within a few weeks. More serious infections may require treatment for six to 12 weeks. […] Although ringworm can go away by itself, its not common. While ringworm is present on your skin, youre still contagious to others. […] Ringworm thrives in damp, warm areas. The fungus can live on towels, clothes, sheets and household surfaces for months. Preventing ringworm involves: […] Yes, ringworm can come back. Ringworm will go away if you treat it appropriately. Follow your healthcare providers treatment plan until the infection clears completely. If you stop treatment or treatment ends too soon, the infection can come back.

• #62 Ringworm (Tinea Corporis): What It Looks Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm

  Antifungal shampoo, such as ketoconazole shampoo (Nizoral A-D), may stop scalp ringworm from spreading. It wont cure it, but it may help contain the infection. […] Mild cases of ringworm clear up within a few weeks. More serious infections may require treatment for six to 12 weeks. […] Although ringworm can go away by itself, its not common. While ringworm is present on your skin, youre still contagious to others. […] Ringworm thrives in damp, warm areas. The fungus can live on towels, clothes, sheets and household surfaces for months. Preventing ringworm involves: […] Yes, ringworm can come back. Ringworm will go away if you treat it appropriately. Follow your healthcare providers treatment plan until the infection clears completely. If you stop treatment or treatment ends too soon, the infection can come back.

• #63 How To Identify Ringworm

  https://www.afcurgentcare.com/farragut-tn/blog/how-to-identify-ringworm/

  Accurate diagnosis of ringworm is important for several reasons: Effective treatment: The appropriate treatment for ringworm depends on the specific type of fungus causing the infection. […] If you suspect you may have ringworm, come see us at AFC Farragut for proper diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the spread of the infection and minimize discomfort.

• #64 High Frequency of Self-Diagnosis and Self-Treatment in a Nationally Representative Survey about Superficial Fungal Infections in Adults—United States, 2022

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9860956/

  Data about the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and public knowledge of superficial fungal infections in the United States are scarce. Overall, 114 (2.7%) participants reported having ringworm and 415 (10.0%) reported a fungal nail infection in the past 12 months; 61.4% of participants with any superficial fungal infection were self-diagnosed. Most patients (55.5%) used over-the-counter antifungals. […] Our study shows that superficial fungal infections are relatively common, with high rates of self-diagnosis and self-treatment. […] The high treatment failure rate highlights a lack of awareness about the importance of HCP diagnosis and management of superficial fungal infections and the need for comprehensible public education material. […] Diagnosis by a healthcare provider, combined with confirmatory laboratory testing for superficial fungal infections, is important for appropriate treatment selection.

• #65 Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1115/p702.html

  Tinea infections can be difficult to diagnose and treat. […] The clinical diagnosis can be unreliable because tinea infections have many mimics, which can manifest identical lesions. […] Physicians should confirm suspected onychomycosis and tinea capitis with a potassium hydroxide preparation or culture. […] Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis can often be diagnosed based on appearance, but a potassium hydroxide preparation or culture should be performed when the appearance is atypical. […] The diagnosis of onychomycosis should generally be confirmed with a test such as potassium hydroxide preparation, culture, or periodic acid-Schiff stain before initiating treatment. […] A potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation is often helpful when the diagnosis is uncertain based on history and visual inspection.

• #66 Diagnosis of Ringworm – Cares at Home – Blog

  https://caresathome.com/blog/diagnosis-of-ringworm/

  In rare or severe cases, a skin biopsy may be performed, especially if the diagnosis remains unclear or if the infection is not improving with treatment. A small piece of the affected skin is removed and examined under a microscope to check for fungal elements and tissue changes. […] A Dermatophyte Test Medium is a type of culture used in some clinics for faster identification: The sample is placed on a special medium that changes color if dermatophytes are present. It provides quicker results than standard fungal cultures, although confirmation of the fungal species may still be needed. […] Proper diagnostic tests help avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate antifungal treatment is administered. […] Ringworm is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, KOH test, Woods lamp examination, and, if necessary, fungal culture or biopsy. Early and accurate diagnosis is key to preventing the spread of infection and achieving effective treatment.

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