Grzybica skóry (tinea corporis)
Etiologia i przyczyny

Grzybica skóry (tinea corporis) to powierzchowna infekcja dermatofitowa, najczęściej wywoływana przez Trichophyton rubrum, który odpowiada za 80-90% przypadków. Dermatofity atakują warstwę rogową naskórka, rozwijając się w ciepłych i wilgotnych warunkach, co sprzyja ich namnażaniu. Zakażenie przenosi się głównie przez bezpośredni kontakt skórny z osobą lub zwierzęciem zakażonym (np. koty, psy, bydło), a także poprzez kontakt z zakażonymi przedmiotami, na których zarodniki mogą przetrwać do 18 miesięcy. Czynniki ryzyka obejmują m.in. klimat tropikalny, urazy skóry, osłabienie odporności, cukrzycę, otyłość oraz uprawianie sportów kontaktowych. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się wzrost oporności na leki przeciwgrzybicze, zwłaszcza w przypadku nowego gatunku Trichophyton indotineae, co komplikuje leczenie i wymaga ścisłego nadzoru medycznego.

Etiologia Grzybicy skóry (tinea corporis)

Grzybica skóry (tinea corporis) to powszechna infekcja skórna wywoływana przez grzyby, a nie przez robaki, jak sugerowałaby nazwa w języku angielskim („ringworm”). Jest to zakażenie powierzchowne, które może dotykać skóry, włosów i paznokci.12 Choroba ta charakteryzuje się typowymi kolisto-owalnymi, czerwonymi zmianami skórnymi z uniesionym brzegiem, często z centralnym przejaśnieniem, co nadaje jej charakterystyczny wygląd przypominający pierścień.3

Czynniki etiologiczne grzybicy skóry

Grzybica skóry jest wywoływana przez grupę grzybów zwanych dermatofitami, które żyją na martwych komórkach naskórka, włosach i paznokciach.45 Dermatofity odżywiają się keratyną – białkiem występującym w zewnętrznej warstwie skóry, we włosach i paznokciach.6 Infekcja występuje, gdy grzyby zaczynają nadmiernie się namnażać w tych tkankach, zwykle w ciepłych i wilgotnych warunkach.7

Około 40 różnych gatunków grzybów może wywoływać grzybicę skóry, należących głównie do trzech rodzajów:89

  • Trichophyton – najczęstszy rodzaj, odpowiedzialny za większość przypadków grzybicy skóry; Trichophyton rubrum stanowi 80-90% szczepów patogennych10
  • Microsporum – często powoduje grzybicę skóry, szczególnie gdy źródłem zakażenia są zwierzęta
  • Epidermophyton – rzadziej spotykany rodzaj

Konkretne gatunki dermatofitów odpowiedzialne za grzybicę skóry obejmują:1112

W ostatnich latach zidentyfikowano nowe, bardziej zjadliwe i oporne na leki gatunki dermatofitów, takie jak Trichophyton indotineae, które wykazują oporność na standardowe leki przeciwgrzybicze.1314

Mechanizm infekcji

Dermatofity atakują i rozprzestrzeniają się w warstwie rogowej naskórka (stratum corneum), ale nie są w stanie penetrować głębszych warstw zdrowej skóry.15 Zakażenie rozpoczyna się, gdy zarodniki grzybów przyłączają się do uszkodzonej skóry. Zmiany skórne zazwyczaj pojawiają się około 1-3 tygodnie po ekspozycji.16

Grzyby te rozwijają się najlepiej w ciepłych, wilgotnych środowiskach, takich jak szatnie, baseny czy fałdy skórne.17 Zakażenie następuje, gdy środowisko, w którym żyją dermatofity, staje się ciepłe i wilgotne, co prowadzi do ich niekontrolowanego namnażania i wystąpienia objawów klinicznych.18

Drogi transmisji grzybicy skóry

Grzybica skóry jest chorobą wysoce zakaźną, która może rozprzestrzeniać się na kilka sposobów. Zarodniki grzybów są na tyle wytrzymałe, że mogą przetrwać miesiące na skórze, w glebie lub na przedmiotach domowych.19 Zrozumienie dróg transmisji jest kluczowe dla skutecznej profilaktyki.

Kontakt człowiek-człowiek

Najczęstszą drogą przenoszenia grzybicy skóry jest bezpośredni kontakt skórny z osobą zakażoną.20 Zakażenie może nastąpić nawet przed pojawieniem się widocznych objawów u osoby zarażonej.21 Szczególnie narażone są osoby uprawiające sporty kontaktowe, takie jak zapasy czy piłka nożna, gdzie częsty jest bliski kontakt skórny między zawodnikami.22

Grzybica może być również przenoszona poprzez kontakty seksualne – raportowano przypadki grzybicy skóry związane z przenoszeniem przez kontakt seksualny, szczególnie gatunku Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotyp VII (TMVII).2324

Kontakt zwierzę-człowiek

Zakażenie grzybicą skóry może nastąpić poprzez kontakt z zarażonym zwierzęciem.25 Szczególnie często zakażenia przenoszą:

  • Zwierzęta domowe – zwłaszcza koty i psy (szczególnie szczenięta i kocięta)2627
  • Zwierzęta gospodarskie – bydło, owce, świnie, konie28
  • Gryzonie, króliki i ptaki29

Niektóre dermatofity są zoofilne, co oznacza, że preferują zwierzęta jako swoich gospodarzy. Przykładowo, grzybica spowodowana przez M. canis często występuje u osób mających bliski kontakt z kotami lub psami.30 Grzybica brody (tinea barbae) często rozprzestrzenia się przez bezpośredni kontakt z zakażonym bydłem.31

Kontakt przedmiot-człowiek

Grzyby wywołujące grzybicę skóry mogą przetrwać na zakażonych przedmiotach przez długi czas.32 Zakażenie może nastąpić poprzez kontakt z przedmiotami używanymi przez zakażoną osobę lub zwierzę, takimi jak:3334

  • Ubrania, ręczniki, pościel
  • Grzebienie, szczotki, przybory do pielęgnacji
  • Sprzęt sportowy
  • Podłogi w szatniach, basenach, siłowniach
  • Zabawki, szczególnie pluszowe

Zarodniki grzybów mogą przetrwać na tych przedmiotach nawet do 18 miesięcy, co umożliwia ich przenoszenie na nowych gospodarzy.35

Kontakt gleba-człowiek

W rzadkich przypadkach grzybica skóry może być przenoszona poprzez kontakt z zakażoną glebą.36 Zakażenie najczęściej występuje tylko po długotrwałym kontakcie z silnie zakażoną glebą.37 Niektóre gatunki dermatofitów żyją w glebie i mogą zakazić osobę podatną, gdy wejdzie ona w kontakt z ziemią, szczególnie w ciepłych i wilgotnych warunkach środowiskowych.3839

Czynniki ryzyka grzybicy skóry

Chociaż każdy może zarazić się grzybicą skóry, niektóre osoby są bardziej narażone na zakażenie. Czynniki zwiększające ryzyko rozwoju grzybicy skóry można podzielić na kilka kategorii:4041

Czynniki związane ze środowiskiem

  • Klimat – gorący i wilgotny klimat sprzyja rozwojowi dermatofitów4243
  • Narażenie zawodowe – osoby pracujące ze zwierzętami (hodowcy, weterynarze) mają zwiększone ryzyko zakażenia44
  • Sporty kontaktowe – zawodnicy uprawiający zapasy, piłkę nożną i inne sporty kontaktowe są bardziej narażeni45
  • Zatłoczone miejsca – życie w gęsto zaludnionych środowiskach (np. schroniskach dla zwierząt) zwiększa ryzyko infekcji46

Czynniki indywidualne

  • Wiek – młode dzieci i osoby starsze są bardziej podatne na zakażenie4748
  • Urazy skóry – drobne urazy skóry (zadrapania, otarcia) ułatwiają wniknięcie grzybów4950
  • Nadmierne pocenie się – tworzy wilgotne środowisko sprzyjające rozwojowi grzybów51
  • Noszenie ciasnej, nieodpowiedniej odzieży – utrudnia odprowadzanie wilgoci ze skóry52
  • Predyspozycje genetyczne – tendencja do zapadania na grzybicze infekcje skóry oraz ich nawracania po leczeniu wydaje się występować rodzinnie5354

Czynniki zdrowotne

  • Osłabiony układ odpornościowy – osoby z osłabionym układem immunologicznym z powodu chorób (HIV/AIDS, nowotwory) lub leków (kortykosteroidy, leki immunosupresyjne, chemioterapia) są znacznie bardziej podatne na grzybicę skóry5556
  • Cukrzyca – zaburzenia metaboliczne związane z cukrzycą zwiększają podatność na infekcje grzybicze5758
  • Otyłość – głębokie fałdy skórne u osób otyłych tworzą ciepłe, wilgotne środowisko sprzyjające rozwojowi dermatofitów5960
  • Miażdżyca tętnic i niewydolność żylna – zaburzenia krążenia mogą zwiększać podatność na infekcje grzybicze61
  • Niedożywienie – nieodpowiednia dieta może osłabiać układ odpornościowy, zwiększając podatność na grzybicę6263
  • Stres – chociaż nie jest bezpośrednią przyczyną, może wpływać na podatność na infekcję poprzez osłabienie układu odpornościowego64

Epidemiologia grzybicy skóry

Grzybica skóry jest powszechną infekcją występującą na całym świecie, dotykającą ludzi w każdym wieku i różnych środowiskach.65 Szacuje się, że co najmniej 20% populacji zachoruje na grzybicę w jakimś momencie życia.6667

Epidemiologia grzybicy skóry różni się w zależności od regionu geograficznego. W klimacie tropikalnym i subtropikalnym częstość występowania jest wyższa ze względu na ciepły i wilgotny klimat sprzyjający rozwojowi dermatofitów.68 Badania sugerują, że ogólna częstość występowania grzybicy u bydła, na podstawie uszkodzeń skóry, wynosi około 10% w kilku krajach europejskich.69

W ciągu ostatnich 70 lat Trichophyton rubrum był najczęstszym gatunkiem powodującym infekcje dermatofitowe, odpowiadając za 80-90% szczepów patogennych.70 Jednak w ciągu ostatniej dekady w Azji Południowej obserwuje się epidemię grzybicy opornej na leki przeciwgrzybicze, spowodowaną rozprzestrzenianiem się nowego gatunku Trichophyton indotineae.71

W 2023 roku Departament Zdrowia Stanu Nowy Jork zgłosił dwa przypadki ciężkiej grzybicy skóry spowodowanej przez Trichophyton indotineae, co sugeruje możliwość lokalnej transmisji tego opornego na leki gatunku w Stanach Zjednoczonych.7273 Eksperci uważają, że niewłaściwe stosowanie miejscowych leków przeciwgrzybiczych i kortykosteroidów prawdopodobnie przyczynia się do jego rozprzestrzeniania.74

Wcześniejsza infekcja grzybicza nie zapewnia odporności, dlatego ponowne zakażenie może wystąpić.75 Ponieważ tak wiele gatunków grzybów może powodować grzybicę skóry, zakażenie jednym gatunkiem nie uodparnia osoby na przyszłe infekcje innymi gatunkami.76

Powikłania grzybicy skóry

Powikłania grzybicy skóry są rzadkie i mogą obejmować:77

  • Wtórne zakażenie bakteryjne skóry – może wystąpić, gdy drapanie zakażonych obszarów prowadzi do przerwania ciągłości skóry i wtargnięcia bakterii
  • Rozległa infekcja grzybicza – niezwykle rzadka i bardziej prawdopodobna u osób z osłabionym układem odpornościowym

Grzybica skóry może rozprzestrzeniać się również na inne części ciała, w tym na stopy, paznokcie, skórę głowy lub brodę.78 Może to prowadzić do rozwoju innych postaci klinicznych grzybicy, takich jak grzybica stóp (tinea pedis), grzybica paznokci (tinea unguium) czy grzybica owłosionej skóry głowy (tinea capitis).7980

Warto zauważyć, że grzybica skóry ma implikacje zoonotyczne, co oznacza, że może być przenoszona między zwierzętami a ludźmi. Dotyczy to szczególnie pracowników gospodarstw, gdzie zaleca się podejmowanie wszelkich środków ostrożności, aby uniknąć rozprzestrzeniania się na personel gospodarstwa i dzieci.81

Chociaż grzybica skóry może być uporczywa, przy odpowiednim leczeniu większość psów, a także ludzi, wyzdrowieje z infekcji.82 Leczenie może trwać kilka tygodni, ale leki przeciwgrzybicze prawie zawsze skutecznie leczą grzybicę skóry.83

Wpływ ciąży na grzybicę skóry

Sama grzybica skóry nie wpływa na przebieg ciąży, jednak należy zachować ostrożność przy jej leczeniu.84 Leki dostępne bez recepty są zazwyczaj bezpieczne do stosowania w ciąży, ale zawsze należy skonsultować się z lekarzem przed rozpoczęciem jakiegokolwiek leczenia.

Nowe trendy w etiologii grzybicy skóry

W ostatnich latach pojawiły się niepokojące doniesienia o nowych, agresywnych i opornych na leki przeciwgrzybicze formach grzybicy skóry.85 Główne obawy dotyczą:

  • Rosnącej oporności na leki – niektóre szczepy dermatofitów wykazują oporność na standardowe leki przeciwgrzybicze, co utrudnia leczenie
  • Nowych gatunków – identyfikacja Trichophyton indotineae jako nowej, opornej na leki postaci grzybicy rozprzestrzeniającej się w Azji Południowej, a ostatnio także w USA86
  • Transmisji seksualnej – zgłoszono przypadki grzybicy związanej z kontaktem seksualnym, szczególnie Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotyp VII87

Eksperci uważają, że niewłaściwe stosowanie leków przeciwgrzybiczych i kortykosteroidów jest prawdopodobnie głównym czynnikiem przyczyniającym się do wzrostu oporności i rozprzestrzeniania się tych nowych szczepów.88 Podkreśla to znaczenie właściwej diagnostyki i odpowiedniego leczenia grzybicy skóry pod nadzorem medycznym.

Medyczne znaczenie grzybicy skóry

Chociaż grzybica skóry jest zazwyczaj łagodnym schorzeniem, ma kilka istotnych implikacji medycznych:

  • Potencjał zoonotyczny – zdolność do przenoszenia się między zwierzętami a ludźmi ma znaczenie dla zdrowia publicznego, szczególnie w środowiskach wiejskich i rolniczych89
  • Wskaźnik stanu zdrowia – rozległa lub uporczywa grzybica skóry może być wskaźnikiem podstawowych problemów zdrowotnych, takich jak nierozpoznana cukrzyca lub osłabienie układu odpornościowego90
  • Oporność na leki – pojawienie się szczepów opornych na leki stanowi wyzwanie dla systemów opieki zdrowotnej i wymaga nowych strategii leczenia91
  • Ekonomiczne i społeczne obciążenie – grzybica skóry może wpływać na jakość życia pacjentów i prowadzić do kosztów związanych z leczeniem i absencją w pracy lub szkole92

Rozpoznanie i odpowiednie leczenie grzybicy skóry przez dermatologa lub lekarza z doświadczeniem w diagnozowaniu grzybicy jest ważne, aby zapobiec jej nasileniu się lub spowodowaniu długotrwałych konsekwencji zdrowotnych.93

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  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Ringworm (body) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/symptoms-causes/syc-20353780
    Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. […] Ringworm often spreads by direct, skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. […] You can contract ringworm by touching an animal with ringworm. […] It’s possible for ringworm to spread by contact with objects or surfaces that an infected person or animal has recently touched or rubbed against, such as clothing, towels, bedding and linens, combs, and brushes. […] In rare cases, ringworm can be spread to humans by contact with infected soil. Infection would most likely occur only from prolonged contact with highly infected soil.
  • #2 Ringworm in Children | Cedars-Sinai
    https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/r/ringworm-in-children.html
    Ringworm is a type of skin infection caused by a fungus. […] A ringworm infection is not caused by an actual worm. It is caused by fungi on the skin, hair, and nailbeds called dermatophytes. […] Ringworm infection is not caused by an actual worm but by fungi on the skin, hair, and nail beds.
  • #3 Ringworm (Tinea) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/ringworm-tinea
    Tinea, a fungal skin infection, is commonly known as ringworm owing to its typical appearance as an oval- or circular-shaped red rash. It is caused by a fungus that can infect the skin, fingernails, toenails, and/or hair. There are no worms involved. […] Different fungi, including trichophyton, microsporum, and epidermophyton, cause ringworm.
  • #4 Getting to the Root of Ringworm Causes and Prevention | Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
    https://www.chla.org/blog/advice-experts/getting-root-ringworm-causes-and-prevention
    Ringworm is not actually caused by a worm? Its a common fungal infection in school-age children. […] The condition is caused by skin fungi called dermatophytes, which live on top of skin and typically do not invade deep inside the skin. […] Ringworm is very contagious and spreads easily from person to person. […] Proper hand washing and skin care is important in preventing ringworm.
  • #5 Ringworm Signs, Causes & Treatment (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ringworm.html
    Ringworm is caused by fungi that normally live on the skin, hair, and nails called dermatophytes (pronounced: der-MAH-tuh-fites). When the environment they live in gets warm and moist, they grow out of control and start to cause symptoms. […] Minor skin injuries (such as scratches), too much exposure to heat and humidity, and some health conditions (such as diabetes, obesity, or immune system problems) can make a person more likely to get ringworm.
  • #6 Ringworm | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/ringworm-and-other-fungal-infections/
    Fungal spores are passed between people through direct skin contact and by sharing objects such as towels, hairbrushes and bedding. Athletes foot is commonly spread in gym and swimming pool changing rooms. […] Tinea fungal infections are caused by a particular type of fungi, called dermatophytes, which live off keratin. Keratin is a tough, waterproof tissue found in many parts of your body, including your skin, hair and nails. This explains why fungal infections mostly affect your skin, scalp or nails. […] The fungi are tiny spores tough enough to survive for months on your skin, in soil or on household objects, such as combs or towels. They thrive in heat and moisture, which helps them to grow and explains why they are often spread in swimming pool changing rooms and communal showers. The spores can be spread in four different ways: human-to-human contact, human-to-animal contact for example, by stroking an infected dog or cat, human-to-object contact both animals and humans can leave traces of fungi spores on objects and surfaces, such as towels, clothing, bed linen, combs or brushes, human-to-soil contact less commonly, it can develop after lengthy exposure to infected soil.
  • #7 Ringworm (Tinea Corporis): What It Looks Like, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm
    Ringworm is a circular-shaped skin rash caused by a fungal infection. […] You might be surprised to learn that a fungus and not a worm causes ringworm. […] Despite its name, a fungus causes ringworm. This type of fungus naturally lives on your skin, hair and nails. However, when their environment gets hot and damp, the fungi start growing uncontrollably. […] You can get this infection anytime your skin comes into contact with the ringworm fungus on someone else’s skin. […] Ringworm is contagious. It can live on your skin, on surfaces and in soil. […] The main ways ringworm spreads are: Skin-to-skin contact with a person who has ringworm. […] Contact with an infected dog, cat or animal (livestock or pets). […] Contact with a contaminated surface, such as a locker room floor or sweaty gym clothes. […] Contact with an infected person or animal such as a brush, towel or bedding. […] Contaminated soil. […] A weak immune system or living in a damp, warm climate increases your risk of a fungal infection.
  • #8 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/ringworm
    Ringworm is a fungal infection that causes a ring shape on the skin and other symptoms. […] Ringworm, also known as dermatophytosis, dermatophyte infection, or tinea, is a fungal skin infection. […] About 40 different species of fungus can cause ringworm. The most typical types include: Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton. […] Ringworm fungi are very contagious and can spread to humans in four ways: Human to human, Animal to human, Object to human, Soil to human. […] Ringworm is not a worm but a contagious fungal infection that causes a worm-like circular shape on the skin. It can spread from person to person, animal to person, soil to person, or object to person.
  • #9 Ringworm: Causes and Risk Factors
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/ringworm-causes-risk-factors-2634174
    Ringworm has nothing to do with actual worms. Rather, the red, ring-shaped rash, clinically known as tinea, is a fungal infection. It’s highly contagious and spreads easily. Some people are more susceptible to catching ringworm than others, however. […] There are more than 40 species of fungi that can cause ringworm, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These fungi are known as dermatophytes. Specific dermatophytes associated with the various types of ringworm, including athlete’s foot, jock itch, tinea capitis (a fungal infection of the scalp), and others include Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. […] Dermatophytes thrive in warm, moist areas of the body where they feed on dead keratin, skin cells on the epidermis and in nails and hair. […] The infections they cause are highly contagious and can easily be transmitted by skin-to-skin contactthat is, by touching someone who has a fungal infection.
  • #10 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/
    Tinea corporis, more commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial dermatophyte skin infection caused by fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. […] The dermatophytes responsible for tinea corporis belong to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. Over the past 70 years, Trichophyton rubrum has been the most common species to cause dermatophyte infections. T rubrum accounts for 80% to 90% of the pathogenic strains. […] In some cases, the most common etiologic species depends on the mode of transmission. Tinea corporis caused by T tonsurans often results from direct contact with a patient with tinea capitis. […] Patients with tinea corporis who have close contact with cats or dogs are commonly infected with M canis.
  • #11 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/ringworm/article.htm
    Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin. […] The term ringworm or ringworms refers to fungal infections that are on the surface of the skin. […] Although the world is full of yeasts, molds, and fungi, only a few cause skin diseases. These agents are called dermatophytes (which means „skin fungi”). An infection with these fungi is medically known as dermatophytosis. […] What is the main cause of ringworm? Scientific names for the most common dermatophyte fungi that cause ringworm include Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton interdigitale, and/or Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum. […] Some fungi live only on human skin, hair, or nails. Others live on animals and only sometimes are found on human skin. Others live in the soil.
  • #12 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answered. […] An aggressive, antifungal-resistant form of tinea, a contagious ringworm fungal infection, has appeared in the US, likely driven by overuse and misuse of antifungal medications. […] In early 2023, the New York State Department of Health reported two cases of severe tinea, a contagious type of ringworm infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention later reported that they were caused by a species of fungus that has been spreading throughout South Asia over the past decade. […] Research shows that there are up to 40 types of fungus that can cause these ringworm infections, with the most common types being from the genuses Trichophyton, Microsporum or Epidermophyton.
  • #13 About Emerging Types of Ringworm | Ringworm | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/aboutemergingringworm/index.html
    Ringworm is typically a mild fungal infection that can affect the skin, hair, or nails. Emerging (new) types of ringworm cause more severe and difficult to treat infections with some differences from common ringworm. […] Some emerging types are resistant to the antifungal medications that typically treat ringworm. More recently, there have been reports of ringworm that is linked to sexual contact. […] The specific types (species) of fungi causing ringworm that have shown concerning antimicrobial resistance are Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton rubrum. […] The specific type (species) of ringworm that has been most linked to sexual transmission is Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VII (TMVII). TMVII infections are usually not antimicrobial-resistant but typically require treatment with oral medication, often for several months.
  • #14 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Over the past 10 years, South Asia has been experiencing an epidemic of antifungal-resistant ringworm caused by the spread of a novel species of fungus called Trichophyton indotineae, which causes skin disease in both animals and humans. Experts believe that inappropriate use of topical antifungal and corticosteroid medications is likely driving its spread. […] A CDC report found that those were the first cases of tinea from that species in the U.S. One of the two patients had no recent international travel history, suggesting that it could be a case of local transmission of Trichophyton indotineae in the U.S.
  • #15 Tinea corporis (Body Ringworm) — DermNet
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/tinea-corporis
    Tinea corporis is predominantly caused by dermatophyte fungi of the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum. The anthropophilic species T. rubrum is the most common causative agent of tinea corporis worldwide including New Zealand. Other species that may cause tinea corporis include: […] Tinea corporis is spread by the shedding of fungal spores from infected skin. Transmission is facilitated by a warm, moist environment and the sharing of fomites including bedding, towels, and clothing. […] The dermatophyte invades and spreads in the stratum corneum, but is unable to penetrate deeper layers in healthy skin.
  • #16 Ringworm in Dogs | PetMD
    https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/skin/c_dg_dermatophytosis
    Dogs that have skin conditions are also predisposed to ringworm. The skin usually functions as a health protective barrier, but if a pet has an open wound, fresh scratches, fleas, or a chronic skin condition they are more susceptible to an infection. […] Infection with ringworm occurs when spores attach to damaged skin. Lesions (abnormal areas) on the skin will typically appear about 1-3 weeks after exposure.
  • #17 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & How to Identify
    https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-you-should-know-about-ringworm
    Ringworm doesn’t come from a worm. Its a skin infection thats caused by mold-like fungi that live on the dead tissues of your skin, hair, nails, or on your scalp. […] About 40 different species of fungi can cause ringworm on the skin. Fungi like warm, moist environments, whether it’s a rainforest or a sweaty locker room. […] Ringworm is highly contagious. The fungi that cause it live naturally in your nails, skin, and hair. But when the environment is hot and humid, the fungi start to multiply. […] You can catch ringworm in any of the following ways: From another person. You get infected when your skin makes contact with the fungi from someone else’s skin. […] From animals. Rubbing or grooming your pet? Wash your hands when youre finished. Ringworm’s also very common in cows. […] From touching objects. The fungus that causes ringworm can linger on surfaces, floors, clothes, towels, and in combs and brushes.
  • #18 Causes, symptoms and treatment of ringworm – CHOC – Children’s health hub
    https://health.choc.org/causes-symptoms-and-treatment-of-ringworm/
    Ringworm is a type of fungal skin infection typically found on the scalp, some parts of the body, and finger or toe nails. […] Dermatophytes – fungi that normally live on the skin, hair and nails – cause ringworm. When the environment dermatophytes live in gets warm and moist, they grow out of control and cause symptoms. […] From there, ringworm can spread from a person, as well as from pets or other animals such as cats, dogs or rodents. […] Additionally, a few conditions can increase a person’s likelihood of getting ringworm: minor skin injuries; too much exposure to heat and humidity; and some health conditions such as diabetes, obesity or immune system problems.
  • #19 Ringworm | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/ringworm-and-other-fungal-infections/
    Fungal spores are passed between people through direct skin contact and by sharing objects such as towels, hairbrushes and bedding. Athletes foot is commonly spread in gym and swimming pool changing rooms. […] Tinea fungal infections are caused by a particular type of fungi, called dermatophytes, which live off keratin. Keratin is a tough, waterproof tissue found in many parts of your body, including your skin, hair and nails. This explains why fungal infections mostly affect your skin, scalp or nails. […] The fungi are tiny spores tough enough to survive for months on your skin, in soil or on household objects, such as combs or towels. They thrive in heat and moisture, which helps them to grow and explains why they are often spread in swimming pool changing rooms and communal showers. The spores can be spread in four different ways: human-to-human contact, human-to-animal contact for example, by stroking an infected dog or cat, human-to-object contact both animals and humans can leave traces of fungi spores on objects and surfaces, such as towels, clothing, bed linen, combs or brushes, human-to-soil contact less commonly, it can develop after lengthy exposure to infected soil.
  • #20 Ringworm (body) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/symptoms-causes/syc-20353780
    Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. […] Ringworm often spreads by direct, skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. […] You can contract ringworm by touching an animal with ringworm. […] It’s possible for ringworm to spread by contact with objects or surfaces that an infected person or animal has recently touched or rubbed against, such as clothing, towels, bedding and linens, combs, and brushes. […] In rare cases, ringworm can be spread to humans by contact with infected soil. Infection would most likely occur only from prolonged contact with highly infected soil.
  • #21 What Is Ringworm? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
    https://www.everydayhealth.com/ringworm/guide/
    Ringworm is caused by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes that thrive in warm, moist areas. […] There are about 40 different species of fungi in the Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton genera that can cause ringworm. […] Ringworm is contagious even before symptoms appear, according to the Mayo Clinic. […] You can catch ringworm by having direct, skin-to-skin contact with affected areas of an infected person’s body. […] The condition is caused by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes, says the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • #22 Ringworm Causes – WelcomeCure
    https://www.welcomecure.com/diseases/ringworm/causes
    RINGWORM is caused by a group of fungi called Dermatophytes. These fungi tend to thrive on warm and moist skin, but may also occur on the hair shafts. They feed on a skin protein called keratin. […] Skin-To-Skin Contact: This forms one of the primary causes of Ringworm. Touching the eruptions of the infected person is the easiest mode of spread of the disease. Certain sports involving a high degree of contact like football and wrestling are also instrumental in transmission of the disease. […] Indirect Contact: Objects and various items used by the infected person such as towels, toys, clothes, etc. also serve as a potent means of transmission to uninfected individuals. […] Sexual Contact: The virus can spread through unprotected sexual contact from infected to non-infected person, and is commonly seen in teens and young adults. This is another prominent factor apart from other causes of Ringworm. […] Autoinoculation: Scratching, rubbing or bursting the eruptions can cause the infection to spread to adjacent parts of skin.
  • #23 About Emerging Types of Ringworm | Ringworm | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/aboutemergingringworm/index.html
    Ringworm is typically a mild fungal infection that can affect the skin, hair, or nails. Emerging (new) types of ringworm cause more severe and difficult to treat infections with some differences from common ringworm. […] Some emerging types are resistant to the antifungal medications that typically treat ringworm. More recently, there have been reports of ringworm that is linked to sexual contact. […] The specific types (species) of fungi causing ringworm that have shown concerning antimicrobial resistance are Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton rubrum. […] The specific type (species) of ringworm that has been most linked to sexual transmission is Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VII (TMVII). TMVII infections are usually not antimicrobial-resistant but typically require treatment with oral medication, often for several months.
  • #24 Ringworm Causes – WelcomeCure
    https://www.welcomecure.com/diseases/ringworm/causes
    RINGWORM is caused by a group of fungi called Dermatophytes. These fungi tend to thrive on warm and moist skin, but may also occur on the hair shafts. They feed on a skin protein called keratin. […] Skin-To-Skin Contact: This forms one of the primary causes of Ringworm. Touching the eruptions of the infected person is the easiest mode of spread of the disease. Certain sports involving a high degree of contact like football and wrestling are also instrumental in transmission of the disease. […] Indirect Contact: Objects and various items used by the infected person such as towels, toys, clothes, etc. also serve as a potent means of transmission to uninfected individuals. […] Sexual Contact: The virus can spread through unprotected sexual contact from infected to non-infected person, and is commonly seen in teens and young adults. This is another prominent factor apart from other causes of Ringworm. […] Autoinoculation: Scratching, rubbing or bursting the eruptions can cause the infection to spread to adjacent parts of skin.
  • #25 Ringworm (body) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/symptoms-causes/syc-20353780
    Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. […] Ringworm often spreads by direct, skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. […] You can contract ringworm by touching an animal with ringworm. […] It’s possible for ringworm to spread by contact with objects or surfaces that an infected person or animal has recently touched or rubbed against, such as clothing, towels, bedding and linens, combs, and brushes. […] In rare cases, ringworm can be spread to humans by contact with infected soil. Infection would most likely occur only from prolonged contact with highly infected soil.
  • #26 Ringworm in Cats | PetMD
    https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/skin/ringworm-in-cats
    Ringworm in cats is spread through direct contact with the fungus. It may be passed by direct contact with an infected animal or person, the soil, or a contaminated surface. […] Direct contact with a fungal spore causes infection, typically through open wounds (such as a scratch). However, immunosuppressed cats (cats with the decreased ability to develop a normal immune response) can get infected even without open skin. […] Some predisposing factors for ringworm in cats include: Age: Kittens and older cats with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk for infection. […] Climate: Cats that live in warmer, more humid climates have a higher infection rate. […] Care: Cats who live in a densely populated environment (such as an animal shelter) or receive poor nutrition are at a higher risk for infection due to the contagious and resistant nature of this fungus. […] Health: Immune suppression can increase the risk of ringworm infection, especially in cats with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
  • #27 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-ringworm.aspx
    Ringworm is caused by a particular type of fungi, called dermatophytes. These fungi live on keratin. […] Some of the organisms that may cause fungal skin infections like ringworm include Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton rubrum. […] Ringworm infection is spread by contact with the infected person or animals. […] Ringworm can also be acquired from animals and pets like dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, pigs, rodents, rabbits and birds. […] The fungi also reside in soil. They may infect a susceptible person when they come in contact.
  • #28 Tinea Barbae (Beard Ringworm): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23525-tinea-barbae
    Fungi called Trichophyton cause tinea barbae. There are many different types of Trichophyton responsible, and they are almost always also found in animals like cows, sheep, horses. […] Despite having the word worm in its name, a fungus not a worm causes ringworm. […] Tinea barbae, or beard ringworm, is a fungal infection that often spreads from direct contact with infected livestock animals like cattle. You can get it from other animals, too.
  • #29 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-ringworm.aspx
    Ringworm is caused by a particular type of fungi, called dermatophytes. These fungi live on keratin. […] Some of the organisms that may cause fungal skin infections like ringworm include Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton rubrum. […] Ringworm infection is spread by contact with the infected person or animals. […] Ringworm can also be acquired from animals and pets like dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, pigs, rodents, rabbits and birds. […] The fungi also reside in soil. They may infect a susceptible person when they come in contact.
  • #30 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/
    Tinea corporis, more commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial dermatophyte skin infection caused by fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. […] The dermatophytes responsible for tinea corporis belong to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. Over the past 70 years, Trichophyton rubrum has been the most common species to cause dermatophyte infections. T rubrum accounts for 80% to 90% of the pathogenic strains. […] In some cases, the most common etiologic species depends on the mode of transmission. Tinea corporis caused by T tonsurans often results from direct contact with a patient with tinea capitis. […] Patients with tinea corporis who have close contact with cats or dogs are commonly infected with M canis.
  • #31 Tinea Barbae (Beard Ringworm): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23525-tinea-barbae
    Fungi called Trichophyton cause tinea barbae. There are many different types of Trichophyton responsible, and they are almost always also found in animals like cows, sheep, horses. […] Despite having the word worm in its name, a fungus not a worm causes ringworm. […] Tinea barbae, or beard ringworm, is a fungal infection that often spreads from direct contact with infected livestock animals like cattle. You can get it from other animals, too.
  • #32 Ringworm: Who gets and causes
    https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ringworm-causes
    People around the world develop ringworm, and anyone can get it. […] Your risk of getting ringworm increases if you: […] Certain types of fungi (plural of fungus) cause ringworm. These fungi thrive where its warm and humid. Ringworm is common in tropical areas and during hot, humid summers. It flourishes in warm, moist locker rooms and indoor pools. […] It’s possible to get ringworm from: […] The fungi that cause ringworm can live on any infected object, including clothing, brushes, and sports equipment for a long time.
  • #33 Ringworm (body) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/symptoms-causes/syc-20353780
    Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. […] Ringworm often spreads by direct, skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. […] You can contract ringworm by touching an animal with ringworm. […] It’s possible for ringworm to spread by contact with objects or surfaces that an infected person or animal has recently touched or rubbed against, such as clothing, towels, bedding and linens, combs, and brushes. […] In rare cases, ringworm can be spread to humans by contact with infected soil. Infection would most likely occur only from prolonged contact with highly infected soil.
  • #34 Ringworm | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/ringworm-and-other-fungal-infections/
    Fungal spores are passed between people through direct skin contact and by sharing objects such as towels, hairbrushes and bedding. Athletes foot is commonly spread in gym and swimming pool changing rooms. […] Tinea fungal infections are caused by a particular type of fungi, called dermatophytes, which live off keratin. Keratin is a tough, waterproof tissue found in many parts of your body, including your skin, hair and nails. This explains why fungal infections mostly affect your skin, scalp or nails. […] The fungi are tiny spores tough enough to survive for months on your skin, in soil or on household objects, such as combs or towels. They thrive in heat and moisture, which helps them to grow and explains why they are often spread in swimming pool changing rooms and communal showers. The spores can be spread in four different ways: human-to-human contact, human-to-animal contact for example, by stroking an infected dog or cat, human-to-object contact both animals and humans can leave traces of fungi spores on objects and surfaces, such as towels, clothing, bed linen, combs or brushes, human-to-soil contact less commonly, it can develop after lengthy exposure to infected soil.
  • #35 Ringworm in Dogs | PetMD
    https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/skin/c_dg_dermatophytosis
    Ringworm is a fungal infection that can affect the skin, hair, or nails. The most common fungal organisms that can cause ringworm are Microsporum and Trichophyton. […] Most dogs with ringworm contract it from direct contact with an infected animal (likely a dog or cat) or human. It is possible for dogs to have the ringworm fungus on their body but show no external signs of the disease; however, they can still pass the disease on to humans or other animals. […] Some types of ringworm fungi live in the soil, and a dog could contract ringworm by digging around in the dirt. This is especially true in warm and humid environments. The spores of the fungi that cause ringworm are quite hardy and can live in the environment for at least 18 months. […] The types of dogs that become infected with ringworm tend to be those with weaker immune systems, such as very young or old dogs, as well as dogs with diseases that weaken their immune systems, or dogs that have recently come from long term stays at kennels or shelters.
  • #36 Ringworm (body) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/symptoms-causes/syc-20353780
    Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. […] Ringworm often spreads by direct, skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. […] You can contract ringworm by touching an animal with ringworm. […] It’s possible for ringworm to spread by contact with objects or surfaces that an infected person or animal has recently touched or rubbed against, such as clothing, towels, bedding and linens, combs, and brushes. […] In rare cases, ringworm can be spread to humans by contact with infected soil. Infection would most likely occur only from prolonged contact with highly infected soil.
  • #37 Ringworm (body) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/symptoms-causes/syc-20353780
    Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. […] Ringworm often spreads by direct, skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. […] You can contract ringworm by touching an animal with ringworm. […] It’s possible for ringworm to spread by contact with objects or surfaces that an infected person or animal has recently touched or rubbed against, such as clothing, towels, bedding and linens, combs, and brushes. […] In rare cases, ringworm can be spread to humans by contact with infected soil. Infection would most likely occur only from prolonged contact with highly infected soil.
  • #38 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-ringworm.aspx
    Ringworm is caused by a particular type of fungi, called dermatophytes. These fungi live on keratin. […] Some of the organisms that may cause fungal skin infections like ringworm include Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton rubrum. […] Ringworm infection is spread by contact with the infected person or animals. […] Ringworm can also be acquired from animals and pets like dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, pigs, rodents, rabbits and birds. […] The fungi also reside in soil. They may infect a susceptible person when they come in contact.
  • #39 Ringworm in Dogs | PetMD
    https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/skin/c_dg_dermatophytosis
    Ringworm is a fungal infection that can affect the skin, hair, or nails. The most common fungal organisms that can cause ringworm are Microsporum and Trichophyton. […] Most dogs with ringworm contract it from direct contact with an infected animal (likely a dog or cat) or human. It is possible for dogs to have the ringworm fungus on their body but show no external signs of the disease; however, they can still pass the disease on to humans or other animals. […] Some types of ringworm fungi live in the soil, and a dog could contract ringworm by digging around in the dirt. This is especially true in warm and humid environments. The spores of the fungi that cause ringworm are quite hardy and can live in the environment for at least 18 months. […] The types of dogs that become infected with ringworm tend to be those with weaker immune systems, such as very young or old dogs, as well as dogs with diseases that weaken their immune systems, or dogs that have recently come from long term stays at kennels or shelters.
  • #40 Ringworm: Who gets and causes
    https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ringworm-causes
    People around the world develop ringworm, and anyone can get it. […] Your risk of getting ringworm increases if you: […] Certain types of fungi (plural of fungus) cause ringworm. These fungi thrive where its warm and humid. Ringworm is common in tropical areas and during hot, humid summers. It flourishes in warm, moist locker rooms and indoor pools. […] It’s possible to get ringworm from: […] The fungi that cause ringworm can live on any infected object, including clothing, brushes, and sports equipment for a long time.
  • #41 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/ringworm/article.htm
    The greatest risk factor is coming in contact with an affected individual. […] The following factors can increase the risk of ringworm infection: Hot and humid climate, Contact with an infected person, animals, objects, soil, or other surfaces, Use of public gyms and public showers and playing contact sports, Sharing clothing, towels, or bedding with an infected person, Wearing tight or non-breathable clothing, Wearing wet, damp, or sweat-drenched clothes for a long time, Having a weak immune system, as may occur with diabetes mellitus, cancers, or prolonged treatment with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressing drugs. […] Ringworm can be cured with appropriate treatment. […] Complications of ringworm are rare and can include a secondary bacterial skin infection or a widespread fungal infection (extremely rare and more likely to occur in individuals with suppressed immune systems).
  • #42 Ringworm: Who gets and causes
    https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ringworm-causes
    People around the world develop ringworm, and anyone can get it. […] Your risk of getting ringworm increases if you: […] Certain types of fungi (plural of fungus) cause ringworm. These fungi thrive where its warm and humid. Ringworm is common in tropical areas and during hot, humid summers. It flourishes in warm, moist locker rooms and indoor pools. […] It’s possible to get ringworm from: […] The fungi that cause ringworm can live on any infected object, including clothing, brushes, and sports equipment for a long time.
  • #43 Ringworm – MSD Animal Health Republic of Ireland
    https://www.msd-animal-health.ie/species/cattle/ringworm/
    Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin with a worldwide distribution. […] The infection of hair and skin keratin with the dermatophytes Trichophyton verrucosum (95% of cases), and less commonly Tricophyton mentagrophytes, cause lesions commonly referred to as ringworm. Trichophyton verrucosum is responsible for more than 90% of the cases. […] Factors that influence susceptibility of an animal to dermatophyte infection are: Age of the animal: Young animals are by far more susceptible to infection. This is probably related to lack of prior exposure/infection and thus no immunity. Adult cattle are also quite frequently affected. […] The overall incidence of ringworm based on evidence of hide damage in a number of European countries appears to be around 10% of cattle. […] Environmental factors may play a role, since the prevalence of the disease is increased in hot, humid climates. […] The zoonotic implications are serious, and once ringworm is known to be on farm all precautions must be taken to avoid spread to farm staff and especially children.
  • #44 Ringworm (tinea) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/ringworm-tinea.html
    Ringworm, also called tinea, is a skin infection caused by fungi, microscopic organisms that are similar to yeast and molds. […] People can catch ringworm in several different ways, including: direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, playing with, or caring for, an infected pet or farm animal, using an infected person’s clothing, shoes or personal grooming items such as combs, brushes or towels, sharing an infected child’s toys, especially stuffed toys, touching a contaminated surface. […] Doctors estimate that at least 20% of all people will develop tinea at some time during life. People who are more likely to get a fungal skin infection include: people who live in hot, humid climates, athletes, especially swimmers, children in day care, people who work with animals, obese people with deep, moist skin folds, anyone whose immune defenses are weakened by illness or by medications. […] Although treatment may take several weeks, antifungal medication almost always cures ringworm infections.
  • #45 Tinea Corporis (Body Ringworm): Treatment and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/tinea-corporis
    Ringworm is caused by fungi. […] The types of fungi that cause ringworm tend to thrive in warm and humid areas like locker rooms and indoor pools. […] Factors that may increase your risk include: living in damp, hot, or humid areas, excessive sweating, participating in contact sports, wearing tight clothing, having a weak immune system, sharing clothing, bedding, or towels with others, diabetes. […] Ringworm can be spread from person to person, from animal to person, and through touching objects that were previously touched by someone with the infection. […] You can prevent ringworm by limiting contact with a person who has the infection and not sharing towels, hats, or other items with them. […] What causes ringworm and fungal nail infections.
  • #46 Ringworm in Cats | PetMD
    https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/skin/ringworm-in-cats
    Ringworm in cats is spread through direct contact with the fungus. It may be passed by direct contact with an infected animal or person, the soil, or a contaminated surface. […] Direct contact with a fungal spore causes infection, typically through open wounds (such as a scratch). However, immunosuppressed cats (cats with the decreased ability to develop a normal immune response) can get infected even without open skin. […] Some predisposing factors for ringworm in cats include: Age: Kittens and older cats with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk for infection. […] Climate: Cats that live in warmer, more humid climates have a higher infection rate. […] Care: Cats who live in a densely populated environment (such as an animal shelter) or receive poor nutrition are at a higher risk for infection due to the contagious and resistant nature of this fungus. […] Health: Immune suppression can increase the risk of ringworm infection, especially in cats with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
  • #47 Ringworm | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/ringworm-and-other-fungal-infections/
    You are more likely to develop a fungal infection if you: are very young or very old, are African-Caribbean (in the case of scalp infections), have type 1 diabetes, are very overweight (obese), have a medical condition that weakens your immune system, such as HIV or AIDS, are receiving medical treatment that weakens your immune system, such as chemotherapy or steroid tablets, have had fungal infections in the past, have hardened arteries (atherosclerosis), have poor circulation (specifically, a condition called venous insufficiency, where the veins in your legs have trouble moving blood back to your heart).
  • #48 Ringworm in Cats | PetMD
    https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/skin/ringworm-in-cats
    Ringworm in cats is spread through direct contact with the fungus. It may be passed by direct contact with an infected animal or person, the soil, or a contaminated surface. […] Direct contact with a fungal spore causes infection, typically through open wounds (such as a scratch). However, immunosuppressed cats (cats with the decreased ability to develop a normal immune response) can get infected even without open skin. […] Some predisposing factors for ringworm in cats include: Age: Kittens and older cats with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk for infection. […] Climate: Cats that live in warmer, more humid climates have a higher infection rate. […] Care: Cats who live in a densely populated environment (such as an animal shelter) or receive poor nutrition are at a higher risk for infection due to the contagious and resistant nature of this fungus. […] Health: Immune suppression can increase the risk of ringworm infection, especially in cats with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
  • #49 Ringworm Signs, Causes & Treatment (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ringworm.html
    Ringworm is caused by fungi that normally live on the skin, hair, and nails called dermatophytes (pronounced: der-MAH-tuh-fites). When the environment they live in gets warm and moist, they grow out of control and start to cause symptoms. […] Minor skin injuries (such as scratches), too much exposure to heat and humidity, and some health conditions (such as diabetes, obesity, or immune system problems) can make a person more likely to get ringworm.
  • #50 Ringworm in Dogs | PetMD
    https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/skin/c_dg_dermatophytosis
    Dogs that have skin conditions are also predisposed to ringworm. The skin usually functions as a health protective barrier, but if a pet has an open wound, fresh scratches, fleas, or a chronic skin condition they are more susceptible to an infection. […] Infection with ringworm occurs when spores attach to damaged skin. Lesions (abnormal areas) on the skin will typically appear about 1-3 weeks after exposure.
  • #51 Tinea Corporis (Body Ringworm): Treatment and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/tinea-corporis
    Ringworm is caused by fungi. […] The types of fungi that cause ringworm tend to thrive in warm and humid areas like locker rooms and indoor pools. […] Factors that may increase your risk include: living in damp, hot, or humid areas, excessive sweating, participating in contact sports, wearing tight clothing, having a weak immune system, sharing clothing, bedding, or towels with others, diabetes. […] Ringworm can be spread from person to person, from animal to person, and through touching objects that were previously touched by someone with the infection. […] You can prevent ringworm by limiting contact with a person who has the infection and not sharing towels, hats, or other items with them. […] What causes ringworm and fungal nail infections.
  • #52 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/ringworm/article.htm
    The greatest risk factor is coming in contact with an affected individual. […] The following factors can increase the risk of ringworm infection: Hot and humid climate, Contact with an infected person, animals, objects, soil, or other surfaces, Use of public gyms and public showers and playing contact sports, Sharing clothing, towels, or bedding with an infected person, Wearing tight or non-breathable clothing, Wearing wet, damp, or sweat-drenched clothes for a long time, Having a weak immune system, as may occur with diabetes mellitus, cancers, or prolonged treatment with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressing drugs. […] Ringworm can be cured with appropriate treatment. […] Complications of ringworm are rare and can include a secondary bacterial skin infection or a widespread fungal infection (extremely rare and more likely to occur in individuals with suppressed immune systems).
  • #53 Ringworm of the Skin | Kaiser Permanente
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.ringworm-of-the-skin.hw65253
    Ringworm is an infection caused by a fungus. […] Ringworm is caused by a fungus. It’s not caused by a worm. The kinds of fungi that cause ringworm live and spread on the top layer of the skin and on the hair. […] Ringworm can also spread to other parts of the body, including the feet, nails, scalp, or beard. […] The tendency to get fungal skin infections or to have them return after treatment seems to run in families.
  • #54 What Causes Ringworm – Defense Soap
    https://www.defensesoap.com/what-causes-ringworm/?srsltid=AfmBOoo6joINcABue5Zkk3UwNJZtjsug0ZNLkwgpSma94NRTGqLEQTc0
    Is Ringworm a worm? No, it’s a form of fungus! Fungi are present naturally in our environment. They seem to flourish in warm, damp, or moist conditions. The Ringworm fungus itself, Trichophyton rubrum, exist in substantial populations on wrestling mats, in locker rooms, and bathing areas precisely because of the favorable conditions noted above. […] What causes ringworm in humans? The human body’s natural skin flora contains many kinds of fungi in quantities considered reasonable and in equilibrium with skins ecosystem. Usually, the body is proficient at carrying fungi at healthy levels. However, if allowed to flourish beyond the norm, one may develop ringworm. […] Tinea sp. in lay terms is also known as Ringworm. Trichophyton rubrum, the fungus, is the culprit. Ringworm is contagious. Contaminated towels, sports equipment, or coming into contact with infected animals, people, or even soil can cause ringworm. […] If fungal infections run in your family, you may have a genetic predisposition to getting ringworm. If genetic predisposition is the case, you must be sure to clean methodically after being in areas like wrestling rooms, locker rooms, public pools, or other moist, humid environments.
  • #55 Ringworm | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/ringworm-and-other-fungal-infections/
    You are more likely to develop a fungal infection if you: are very young or very old, are African-Caribbean (in the case of scalp infections), have type 1 diabetes, are very overweight (obese), have a medical condition that weakens your immune system, such as HIV or AIDS, are receiving medical treatment that weakens your immune system, such as chemotherapy or steroid tablets, have had fungal infections in the past, have hardened arteries (atherosclerosis), have poor circulation (specifically, a condition called venous insufficiency, where the veins in your legs have trouble moving blood back to your heart).
  • #56 Ringworm: Causes and Risk Factors
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/ringworm-causes-risk-factors-2634174
    Ringworm can infect animals as well, and so when an infected petespecially a new puppy or kittenjoins a household the human family members are at risk. […] Dermatophyte fungi can thrive on inanimate surfaces as well. […] Children are especially susceptible to ringworm and other skin rashes. People born with weak immune systems or who have compromised immune systems due to illness such as HIV/AIDs or certain medications, including corticosteroids or chemotherapy drugs, also have an increased risk of fungal infections. […] Health habits and other behaviors can put you at an increased risk of developing ringworm and other fungal infections.
  • #57 Ringworm Signs, Causes & Treatment (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ringworm.html
    Ringworm is caused by fungi that normally live on the skin, hair, and nails called dermatophytes (pronounced: der-MAH-tuh-fites). When the environment they live in gets warm and moist, they grow out of control and start to cause symptoms. […] Minor skin injuries (such as scratches), too much exposure to heat and humidity, and some health conditions (such as diabetes, obesity, or immune system problems) can make a person more likely to get ringworm.
  • #58 Ringworm | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/ringworm-and-other-fungal-infections/
    You are more likely to develop a fungal infection if you: are very young or very old, are African-Caribbean (in the case of scalp infections), have type 1 diabetes, are very overweight (obese), have a medical condition that weakens your immune system, such as HIV or AIDS, are receiving medical treatment that weakens your immune system, such as chemotherapy or steroid tablets, have had fungal infections in the past, have hardened arteries (atherosclerosis), have poor circulation (specifically, a condition called venous insufficiency, where the veins in your legs have trouble moving blood back to your heart).
  • #59 Ringworm (tinea) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/ringworm-tinea.html
    Ringworm, also called tinea, is a skin infection caused by fungi, microscopic organisms that are similar to yeast and molds. […] People can catch ringworm in several different ways, including: direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, playing with, or caring for, an infected pet or farm animal, using an infected person’s clothing, shoes or personal grooming items such as combs, brushes or towels, sharing an infected child’s toys, especially stuffed toys, touching a contaminated surface. […] Doctors estimate that at least 20% of all people will develop tinea at some time during life. People who are more likely to get a fungal skin infection include: people who live in hot, humid climates, athletes, especially swimmers, children in day care, people who work with animals, obese people with deep, moist skin folds, anyone whose immune defenses are weakened by illness or by medications. […] Although treatment may take several weeks, antifungal medication almost always cures ringworm infections.
  • #60 Ringworm Signs, Causes & Treatment (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ringworm.html
    Ringworm is caused by fungi that normally live on the skin, hair, and nails called dermatophytes (pronounced: der-MAH-tuh-fites). When the environment they live in gets warm and moist, they grow out of control and start to cause symptoms. […] Minor skin injuries (such as scratches), too much exposure to heat and humidity, and some health conditions (such as diabetes, obesity, or immune system problems) can make a person more likely to get ringworm.
  • #61 Ringworm | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/ringworm-and-other-fungal-infections/
    You are more likely to develop a fungal infection if you: are very young or very old, are African-Caribbean (in the case of scalp infections), have type 1 diabetes, are very overweight (obese), have a medical condition that weakens your immune system, such as HIV or AIDS, are receiving medical treatment that weakens your immune system, such as chemotherapy or steroid tablets, have had fungal infections in the past, have hardened arteries (atherosclerosis), have poor circulation (specifically, a condition called venous insufficiency, where the veins in your legs have trouble moving blood back to your heart).
  • #62 Ringworm in Cats | PetMD
    https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/skin/ringworm-in-cats
    Ringworm in cats is spread through direct contact with the fungus. It may be passed by direct contact with an infected animal or person, the soil, or a contaminated surface. […] Direct contact with a fungal spore causes infection, typically through open wounds (such as a scratch). However, immunosuppressed cats (cats with the decreased ability to develop a normal immune response) can get infected even without open skin. […] Some predisposing factors for ringworm in cats include: Age: Kittens and older cats with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk for infection. […] Climate: Cats that live in warmer, more humid climates have a higher infection rate. […] Care: Cats who live in a densely populated environment (such as an animal shelter) or receive poor nutrition are at a higher risk for infection due to the contagious and resistant nature of this fungus. […] Health: Immune suppression can increase the risk of ringworm infection, especially in cats with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
  • #63 Ringworm – what is it caused by?
    https://www.avogel.co.uk/health/skin/fungal-skin-infections/ringworm/
    Ringworm, as the word corporis suggests, usually affects areas of your body such as the chest, back and shoulders. […] Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mould-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. […] Ringworm of the body (tinea corporis) is a skin infection caused by a fungus, and a specific type known as dermatophytes, meaning they live on top of skin and typically do not invade deep inside the skin. […] Almost anyone can contract the condition but there are some who are more vulnerable to the infection than others. […] Weak immune system: Your immune system is vital when it comes to fighting off infections and diseases. […] Poor nutrition: Since your immune system is so important when it comes to fighting off fungal infections, your diet can also play a role in increasing your susceptibility to ringworm.
  • #64 Ringworm – what is it caused by?
    https://www.avogel.co.uk/health/skin/fungal-skin-infections/ringworm/
    Stress, similar to your diet, is never the primary cause of ringworm, but it can sometimes affect your susceptibility to the infection. […] Direct and indirect contact: Ringworm is highly contagious. […] Your pets: As much as we love them, our pets are hosts to all sorts of parasites and potential contagions. […] Soil: No, it still has nothing to do with worms! Soil has been known to play host to different strains of fungi and in rare cases the spores can be contracted via contact with the soil.
  • #65 Ringworm: Who gets and causes
    https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ringworm-causes
    People around the world develop ringworm, and anyone can get it. […] Your risk of getting ringworm increases if you: […] Certain types of fungi (plural of fungus) cause ringworm. These fungi thrive where its warm and humid. Ringworm is common in tropical areas and during hot, humid summers. It flourishes in warm, moist locker rooms and indoor pools. […] It’s possible to get ringworm from: […] The fungi that cause ringworm can live on any infected object, including clothing, brushes, and sports equipment for a long time.
  • #66 Ringworm (tinea) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/ringworm-tinea.html
    Ringworm, also called tinea, is a skin infection caused by fungi, microscopic organisms that are similar to yeast and molds. […] People can catch ringworm in several different ways, including: direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, playing with, or caring for, an infected pet or farm animal, using an infected person’s clothing, shoes or personal grooming items such as combs, brushes or towels, sharing an infected child’s toys, especially stuffed toys, touching a contaminated surface. […] Doctors estimate that at least 20% of all people will develop tinea at some time during life. People who are more likely to get a fungal skin infection include: people who live in hot, humid climates, athletes, especially swimmers, children in day care, people who work with animals, obese people with deep, moist skin folds, anyone whose immune defenses are weakened by illness or by medications. […] Although treatment may take several weeks, antifungal medication almost always cures ringworm infections.
  • #67 Ringworm (Tinea) – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/ringworm-tinea-a-to-z
    Ringworm, also called tinea, is a skin infection caused by fungi, microscopic organisms that are similar to yeast and molds. […] People can catch ringworm in several different ways, including: direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, playing with, or caring for, an infected pet or farm animal, using an infected person’s clothing, shoes or personal grooming items such as combs, brushes or towels, sharing an infected child’s toys, especially stuffed toys, touching a contaminated surface. […] Doctors estimate that at least 20% of all people will develop tinea at some time during life. People who are more likely to get a fungal skin infection include: people who live in hot, humid climates, athletes, especially swimmers, children in day care, people who work with animals, obese people with deep, moist skin folds, anyone whose immune defenses are weakened by illness (HIV, organ transplant, some cancers) or by medications. […] Although treatment may take several weeks, antifungal medication almost always cures ringworm infections.
  • #68 Ringworm: Who gets and causes
    https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ringworm-causes
    People around the world develop ringworm, and anyone can get it. […] Your risk of getting ringworm increases if you: […] Certain types of fungi (plural of fungus) cause ringworm. These fungi thrive where its warm and humid. Ringworm is common in tropical areas and during hot, humid summers. It flourishes in warm, moist locker rooms and indoor pools. […] It’s possible to get ringworm from: […] The fungi that cause ringworm can live on any infected object, including clothing, brushes, and sports equipment for a long time.
  • #69 Ringworm – MSD Animal Health Republic of Ireland
    https://www.msd-animal-health.ie/species/cattle/ringworm/
    Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin with a worldwide distribution. […] The infection of hair and skin keratin with the dermatophytes Trichophyton verrucosum (95% of cases), and less commonly Tricophyton mentagrophytes, cause lesions commonly referred to as ringworm. Trichophyton verrucosum is responsible for more than 90% of the cases. […] Factors that influence susceptibility of an animal to dermatophyte infection are: Age of the animal: Young animals are by far more susceptible to infection. This is probably related to lack of prior exposure/infection and thus no immunity. Adult cattle are also quite frequently affected. […] The overall incidence of ringworm based on evidence of hide damage in a number of European countries appears to be around 10% of cattle. […] Environmental factors may play a role, since the prevalence of the disease is increased in hot, humid climates. […] The zoonotic implications are serious, and once ringworm is known to be on farm all precautions must be taken to avoid spread to farm staff and especially children.
  • #70 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/
    Tinea corporis, more commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial dermatophyte skin infection caused by fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. […] The dermatophytes responsible for tinea corporis belong to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. Over the past 70 years, Trichophyton rubrum has been the most common species to cause dermatophyte infections. T rubrum accounts for 80% to 90% of the pathogenic strains. […] In some cases, the most common etiologic species depends on the mode of transmission. Tinea corporis caused by T tonsurans often results from direct contact with a patient with tinea capitis. […] Patients with tinea corporis who have close contact with cats or dogs are commonly infected with M canis.
  • #71 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Over the past 10 years, South Asia has been experiencing an epidemic of antifungal-resistant ringworm caused by the spread of a novel species of fungus called Trichophyton indotineae, which causes skin disease in both animals and humans. Experts believe that inappropriate use of topical antifungal and corticosteroid medications is likely driving its spread. […] A CDC report found that those were the first cases of tinea from that species in the U.S. One of the two patients had no recent international travel history, suggesting that it could be a case of local transmission of Trichophyton indotineae in the U.S.
  • #72 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answered. […] An aggressive, antifungal-resistant form of tinea, a contagious ringworm fungal infection, has appeared in the US, likely driven by overuse and misuse of antifungal medications. […] In early 2023, the New York State Department of Health reported two cases of severe tinea, a contagious type of ringworm infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention later reported that they were caused by a species of fungus that has been spreading throughout South Asia over the past decade. […] Research shows that there are up to 40 types of fungus that can cause these ringworm infections, with the most common types being from the genuses Trichophyton, Microsporum or Epidermophyton.
  • #73 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Over the past 10 years, South Asia has been experiencing an epidemic of antifungal-resistant ringworm caused by the spread of a novel species of fungus called Trichophyton indotineae, which causes skin disease in both animals and humans. Experts believe that inappropriate use of topical antifungal and corticosteroid medications is likely driving its spread. […] A CDC report found that those were the first cases of tinea from that species in the U.S. One of the two patients had no recent international travel history, suggesting that it could be a case of local transmission of Trichophyton indotineae in the U.S.
  • #74 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Over the past 10 years, South Asia has been experiencing an epidemic of antifungal-resistant ringworm caused by the spread of a novel species of fungus called Trichophyton indotineae, which causes skin disease in both animals and humans. Experts believe that inappropriate use of topical antifungal and corticosteroid medications is likely driving its spread. […] A CDC report found that those were the first cases of tinea from that species in the U.S. One of the two patients had no recent international travel history, suggesting that it could be a case of local transmission of Trichophyton indotineae in the U.S.
  • #75 Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) – Environmental Epidemiology
    https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/environmental-epidemiology/fact-sheets-for-public-health/ringworm-dermatophytosis/
    Ringworm is a contagious fungus infection that can affect the scalp, the body (particularly the groin), the feet, and the nails. […] The fungus that causes ringworm can spread through direct skin-to-skin contact with infected people or animals. […] A previous fungal skin infection does not provide immunity; therefore, re-infection can occur.
  • #76 Department of Health
    https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/ringworm/fact_sheet.htm
    Ringworm is a skin infection caused by a fungus that can affect the scalp, skin, fingers, toe nails or foot. […] Transmission of these fungal agents can occur by direct skin-to-skin contact with infected people or pets, or indirectly by contact with items such as towels, bed-linen, clothing, barber clippers, hair from infected people, shower stalls or floors. […] Since so many species of fungus can cause ringworm, infection with one species will not make a person immune to future infections.
  • #77 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/ringworm/article.htm
    The greatest risk factor is coming in contact with an affected individual. […] The following factors can increase the risk of ringworm infection: Hot and humid climate, Contact with an infected person, animals, objects, soil, or other surfaces, Use of public gyms and public showers and playing contact sports, Sharing clothing, towels, or bedding with an infected person, Wearing tight or non-breathable clothing, Wearing wet, damp, or sweat-drenched clothes for a long time, Having a weak immune system, as may occur with diabetes mellitus, cancers, or prolonged treatment with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressing drugs. […] Ringworm can be cured with appropriate treatment. […] Complications of ringworm are rare and can include a secondary bacterial skin infection or a widespread fungal infection (extremely rare and more likely to occur in individuals with suppressed immune systems).
  • #78 Ringworm of the Skin | Kaiser Permanente
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.ringworm-of-the-skin.hw65253
    Ringworm is an infection caused by a fungus. […] Ringworm is caused by a fungus. It’s not caused by a worm. The kinds of fungi that cause ringworm live and spread on the top layer of the skin and on the hair. […] Ringworm can also spread to other parts of the body, including the feet, nails, scalp, or beard. […] The tendency to get fungal skin infections or to have them return after treatment seems to run in families.
  • #79 Patient education: Ringworm (including athlete’s foot and jock itch) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ringworm-including-athletes-foot-and-jock-itch-beyond-the-basics/print
    […] […] Tinea capitis usually causes a scaly, red rash that can lead to bald patches on the scalp (picture 1A-B). It usually affects children and is the most common cause of hair loss among children. It only rarely affects adults. […] […] […] Tinea pedis causes the skin on the feet – often between the toes – to become itchy, red, cracked, tender, and scaly (picture 2A-B). Sometimes it also causes blisters to form. People who have tinea pedis often also have the infection on the palms of their hands, in their nails, or on their groin. […] […] […] Tinea cruris usually starts by causing a red, itchy rash in the groin, the crease where the leg meets the trunk. From there, it can spread onto the thighs and toward the buttocks or anus. It is more common in men than in women, and it often surfaces during warm or hot weather, after a bout of heavy sweating. The most common source of this infection is the person’s own tinea pedis (athlete’s foot).
  • #80 Patient education: Ringworm (including athlete’s foot and jock itch) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ringworm-including-athletes-foot-and-jock-itch-beyond-the-basics/print
    […] […] Tinea corporis is an infection that appears on a part of the body other than those listed above. Tinea corporis often develops when a tinea infection is transferred from another part of the body. It can also happen to parents who are caring for children with tinea capitis. It appears as a circular or oval scaly area. The outer edge is usually red and slightly raised while the center is flat and skin colored.
  • #81 Ringworm – MSD Animal Health Republic of Ireland
    https://www.msd-animal-health.ie/species/cattle/ringworm/
    Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin with a worldwide distribution. […] The infection of hair and skin keratin with the dermatophytes Trichophyton verrucosum (95% of cases), and less commonly Tricophyton mentagrophytes, cause lesions commonly referred to as ringworm. Trichophyton verrucosum is responsible for more than 90% of the cases. […] Factors that influence susceptibility of an animal to dermatophyte infection are: Age of the animal: Young animals are by far more susceptible to infection. This is probably related to lack of prior exposure/infection and thus no immunity. Adult cattle are also quite frequently affected. […] The overall incidence of ringworm based on evidence of hide damage in a number of European countries appears to be around 10% of cattle. […] Environmental factors may play a role, since the prevalence of the disease is increased in hot, humid climates. […] The zoonotic implications are serious, and once ringworm is known to be on farm all precautions must be taken to avoid spread to farm staff and especially children.
  • #82 Ringworm in Dogs | VCA Animal Hospitals
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/ringworm-in-dogs
    Ringworm is the common name given to a fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails. […] The fungi responsible for ringworm infections belong to a specialized group known as dermatophytes, so the medical name for this disease is dermatophytosis. […] Ringworm is contagious and transmission occurs by direct contact with the fungus. […] Infection of other animals and humans can occur either by direct contact with an infected dog or through contact with fungal spores in a contaminated environment. […] The most accurate method for diagnosing ringworm in dogs is by a culture of the fungus in a laboratory. […] There are numerous causes of hair loss in dogs. […] The majority of dogs, if treated appropriately, will recover from a ringworm infection. […] Ringworm can be transmitted quite easily to humans, especially young children, and it is important to take appropriate steps to minimize exposure to the fungus while the dog is being treated.
  • #83 Ringworm (Tinea) – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/ringworm-tinea-a-to-z
    Ringworm, also called tinea, is a skin infection caused by fungi, microscopic organisms that are similar to yeast and molds. […] People can catch ringworm in several different ways, including: direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, playing with, or caring for, an infected pet or farm animal, using an infected person’s clothing, shoes or personal grooming items such as combs, brushes or towels, sharing an infected child’s toys, especially stuffed toys, touching a contaminated surface. […] Doctors estimate that at least 20% of all people will develop tinea at some time during life. People who are more likely to get a fungal skin infection include: people who live in hot, humid climates, athletes, especially swimmers, children in day care, people who work with animals, obese people with deep, moist skin folds, anyone whose immune defenses are weakened by illness (HIV, organ transplant, some cancers) or by medications. […] Although treatment may take several weeks, antifungal medication almost always cures ringworm infections.
  • #84 Ringworm: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & How to Identify
    https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-you-should-know-about-ringworm
    From soil. If youre working or standing barefoot in soil thats infected with the fungus that causes ringworm, you can get it, too. […] Anyone can get ringworm. But not everyone exposed to it will get it. Some factors make it more likely for you to get it. […] Ringworm itself won’t affect your pregnancy. However, you should be careful how you treat it. OTC creams are safe to use. […] Natural remedies such as apple cider vinegar, honey, coconut oil, and aloe vera have not been shown to be effective for treating ringworm. […] Tea tree oil has been shown to be effective in treating athlete’s foot, according to a 2002 study. But whether that carries over to treating other types of ringworm is not known.
  • #85 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answered. […] An aggressive, antifungal-resistant form of tinea, a contagious ringworm fungal infection, has appeared in the US, likely driven by overuse and misuse of antifungal medications. […] In early 2023, the New York State Department of Health reported two cases of severe tinea, a contagious type of ringworm infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention later reported that they were caused by a species of fungus that has been spreading throughout South Asia over the past decade. […] Research shows that there are up to 40 types of fungus that can cause these ringworm infections, with the most common types being from the genuses Trichophyton, Microsporum or Epidermophyton.
  • #86 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Over the past 10 years, South Asia has been experiencing an epidemic of antifungal-resistant ringworm caused by the spread of a novel species of fungus called Trichophyton indotineae, which causes skin disease in both animals and humans. Experts believe that inappropriate use of topical antifungal and corticosteroid medications is likely driving its spread. […] A CDC report found that those were the first cases of tinea from that species in the U.S. One of the two patients had no recent international travel history, suggesting that it could be a case of local transmission of Trichophyton indotineae in the U.S.
  • #87 About Emerging Types of Ringworm | Ringworm | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/aboutemergingringworm/index.html
    Ringworm is typically a mild fungal infection that can affect the skin, hair, or nails. Emerging (new) types of ringworm cause more severe and difficult to treat infections with some differences from common ringworm. […] Some emerging types are resistant to the antifungal medications that typically treat ringworm. More recently, there have been reports of ringworm that is linked to sexual contact. […] The specific types (species) of fungi causing ringworm that have shown concerning antimicrobial resistance are Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton rubrum. […] The specific type (species) of ringworm that has been most linked to sexual transmission is Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VII (TMVII). TMVII infections are usually not antimicrobial-resistant but typically require treatment with oral medication, often for several months.
  • #88 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Over the past 10 years, South Asia has been experiencing an epidemic of antifungal-resistant ringworm caused by the spread of a novel species of fungus called Trichophyton indotineae, which causes skin disease in both animals and humans. Experts believe that inappropriate use of topical antifungal and corticosteroid medications is likely driving its spread. […] A CDC report found that those were the first cases of tinea from that species in the U.S. One of the two patients had no recent international travel history, suggesting that it could be a case of local transmission of Trichophyton indotineae in the U.S.
  • #89 Ringworm – MSD Animal Health Republic of Ireland
    https://www.msd-animal-health.ie/species/cattle/ringworm/
    Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin with a worldwide distribution. […] The infection of hair and skin keratin with the dermatophytes Trichophyton verrucosum (95% of cases), and less commonly Tricophyton mentagrophytes, cause lesions commonly referred to as ringworm. Trichophyton verrucosum is responsible for more than 90% of the cases. […] Factors that influence susceptibility of an animal to dermatophyte infection are: Age of the animal: Young animals are by far more susceptible to infection. This is probably related to lack of prior exposure/infection and thus no immunity. Adult cattle are also quite frequently affected. […] The overall incidence of ringworm based on evidence of hide damage in a number of European countries appears to be around 10% of cattle. […] Environmental factors may play a role, since the prevalence of the disease is increased in hot, humid climates. […] The zoonotic implications are serious, and once ringworm is known to be on farm all precautions must be taken to avoid spread to farm staff and especially children.
  • #90 Ringworm | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/ringworm-and-other-fungal-infections/
    You are more likely to develop a fungal infection if you: are very young or very old, are African-Caribbean (in the case of scalp infections), have type 1 diabetes, are very overweight (obese), have a medical condition that weakens your immune system, such as HIV or AIDS, are receiving medical treatment that weakens your immune system, such as chemotherapy or steroid tablets, have had fungal infections in the past, have hardened arteries (atherosclerosis), have poor circulation (specifically, a condition called venous insufficiency, where the veins in your legs have trouble moving blood back to your heart).
  • #91 Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answeredverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverifiedverified
    https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/ringworm-fungal-infections-are-common-us-and-are-becoming-increasingly-resistant
    Ringworm fungal infections are common in the US and are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment – 6 questions answered. […] An aggressive, antifungal-resistant form of tinea, a contagious ringworm fungal infection, has appeared in the US, likely driven by overuse and misuse of antifungal medications. […] In early 2023, the New York State Department of Health reported two cases of severe tinea, a contagious type of ringworm infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention later reported that they were caused by a species of fungus that has been spreading throughout South Asia over the past decade. […] Research shows that there are up to 40 types of fungus that can cause these ringworm infections, with the most common types being from the genuses Trichophyton, Microsporum or Epidermophyton.
  • #92 What Are The Causes of Ringworm?
    https://dermatlanta.com/blog/what-are-the-causes-of-ringworm/
    What Are The Causes of Ringworm? […] Despite its name, ringworm has nothing to do with any kind of worm. Ringworm is a common type of fungal infection that spreads between people, pets, and shared objects. […] Ringworm is very contagious and can be caused by different forms of physical contact. Fungi are made to thrive in areas that are especially warm and humid, including locker rooms and public showers. In the case of ringworm, the fungal infection is caused by mold-like parasites that exist on the outer layer of your skin. Ringworm is spread through direct contact with an infected person, animal, or object (including floors and other surfaces). […] Regardless of the type of ringworm that a person experiences, it’s important to see a dermatologist or physician assistant with experience diagnosing ringworm so the condition can be treated before it becomes more serious, or even causes long-term health consequences.
  • #93 What Are The Causes of Ringworm?
    https://dermatlanta.com/blog/what-are-the-causes-of-ringworm/
    What Are The Causes of Ringworm? […] Despite its name, ringworm has nothing to do with any kind of worm. Ringworm is a common type of fungal infection that spreads between people, pets, and shared objects. […] Ringworm is very contagious and can be caused by different forms of physical contact. Fungi are made to thrive in areas that are especially warm and humid, including locker rooms and public showers. In the case of ringworm, the fungal infection is caused by mold-like parasites that exist on the outer layer of your skin. Ringworm is spread through direct contact with an infected person, animal, or object (including floors and other surfaces). […] Regardless of the type of ringworm that a person experiences, it’s important to see a dermatologist or physician assistant with experience diagnosing ringworm so the condition can be treated before it becomes more serious, or even causes long-term health consequences.