Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ringworm-(tinea)

  Ringworm accounts for roughly half of the estimated 650 million fungal skin infections globally (1). […] In some countries, more than 25% of pupils under the age of 10 years have ringworm scalp infections (2). […] Tinea is one of the commonest dermatological conditions, accounting for a substantial proportion of skin disease in developing countries. […] Globally, fungal skin infections are estimated to affect more than 650 million people at any time and of these, ringworm accounts for over half the cases (1). […] Ringworm is found in every country but some forms are common in resource-poor tropical settings. […] Prevalence of scalp infection among children in these areas may reach more than 25 % of school children under 10 (2). […] There is a growing worldwide problem of ringworm or tinea extensively affecting the body, tinea corporis.

• #2 Tinea corporis: an updated review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7375854/

  Tinea corporis is the most common dermatophytosis. While tinea corporis occurs worldwide, it is most commonly observed in tropical regions. The lifetime risk of acquiring tinea corporis is estimated to be 10-20%. Tinea corporis occurs most frequently in post-pubertal children and young adults. Rare cases have been reported in the newborn period. There is no sex predominance. Humans may become infected through close contact with an infected individual, an infected animal (in particular, domestic dog or cat), contaminated fomites, or contaminated soil. Infection may be acquired as a result of spread from another site of dermatophyte infection (e.g. tinea capitis, tinea pedis, onychomycosis). Transmission among household family members is by far the most common route; children often become infected by spores shed by an infected household family member. Autoinfection by dermatophytes elsewhere in the body may also occur. Transmission of the fungus is facilitated by a moist, warm environment, sharing of towels and clothing, and wearing of occlusive clothing. Predisposing factors include personal history of dermatophytosis (e.g. tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea unguium), concurrent affected family members, pets in the home, crowding in home, recreational exposure (e.g. wrestling and marital arts), hyperhidrosis, low-defensin 4 levels, immunodeficiency, diabetes mellitus, genetic predisposition (in particular, tinea imbricata), xerosis, and ichthyosis.

• #3 Topical Treatment of Common Superficial Tinea Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0515/p2095.html

  Because tinea infections are highly common, it is likely that the primary care physician will frequently treat affected patients. The estimated lifetime risk of acquiring dermatophytosis (tinea infection) is between 10 and 20 percent. In the United States, dermatophytosis is second only to acne as the most frequently reported skin disease. The majority of superficial fungal infections are tineas and, of those, the most common are tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris. Trichophyton rubrum is the most likely agent in these dermatomycoses. T. rubrum accounted for 76.2 percent of all superficial fungal diseases in a representative sample of the U.S. population. With the exception of tinea capitis (in which Trichophyton tonsurans was the most likely etiologic agent), T. rubrum was the most common dermatophyte isolated in all superficial fungal diseases studied.

• #4 A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON RINGWORM: EPIDEMIOLOGY, BURDEN OF DISEASE, PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT CHALLENGES – REVIEW ARTICLE | Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology

  https://www.jptcp.com/index.php/jptcp/article/view/8345

  Ringworm (dermatophytosis) has emerged as a significant global public health challenge, particularly in tropical regions like India. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 20-25% of the global population is affected by superficial fungal infections, with nearly a billion individuals experiencing skin, nail, or hair fungal conditions. […] Factors such as poor hygiene, overcrowding, and increased physical activity in hot and humid climates contribute to the high prevalence of ringworm. […] The rising incidence in children and the higher susceptibility of adults aged 21-50 years are linked to outdoor activities and lifestyle choices, including the use of tight-fitting clothing and synthetic fabrics, which trap moisture and create ideal conditions for fungal growth. […] Furthermore, the widespread and irrational use of topical steroid-antifungal combinations has worsened the situation, contributing to chronic and treatment-resistant infections. […] The financial burden on families, where multiple members are affected, also calls for a more comprehensive public health approach to tackle this pervasive issue.

• #5 Dermatophytosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatophytosis

  Numerous studies have found Tinea capitis to be the most prevalent dermatophyte to infect children across the continent of Africa. Dermatophytosis has been found to be most prevalent in children ages 4 to 11, infecting more males than females. Low socioeconomic status was found to be a risk factor for Tinea capitis. Throughout Africa, dermatophytoses are common in hot-humid climates and with areas of overpopulation. […] Chronicity is a common outcome for dermatophytosis in India. The prevalence of dermatophytosis in India is between 36.6 and 78.4% depending on the area, clinical subtype, and dermatophyte isolate. Individuals ages 21-40 years are most commonly affected. […] A 2002 study looking at 445 samples of dermatophytes in patients in Goinia, Brazil found the most prevalent type to be Trichophyton rubrum (49.4%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (30.8%), and Microsporum canis (12.6%). […] A 2013 study looking at 5,175 samples of Tinea in patients in Tehran, Iran found the most prevalent type to be Tinea pedis (43.4%), followed by Tinea unguium (21.3%), and Tinea cruris (20.7%).

• #6 Tinea Capitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091351-overview

  The occurrence of tinea capitis is no longer registered by public health agencies; therefore, the true incidence of this condition is unknown. […] Tinea capitis is widespread in some urban areas, particularly in children of Afro-Caribbean extraction, in North America, Central America, and South America. It is common in parts of Africa and India. […] In rural southern Ethiopia, the incidence of tinea capitis was found to be 8.7% among children aged 4-14 years. […] In Gondar, Ethiopia, the incidence in school-age children was found to be 29.4%. […] In Southeast Asia, the rate of infection has reportedly decreased dramatically from 14% (average of male and female children) to 1.2% in the past 50 years because of improved general sanitary conditions and personal hygiene. […] In a review of 48 international reports that included 5860 pediatric patients with mycologically confirmed tinea capitis, Gupta et al assessed the worldwide species distribution of the causative organisms during the period from 2020 to 2023.

• #7 Ringworm or tinea (dermatophytosis)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/ringworm-or-tinea-dermatophytosis

  Ringworm, or tinea, is not notifiable, but does have exclusion periods. […] Most tinea is directly transmitted through human-to-human contact. […] Young children are particularly susceptible to tinea capitis (M. canis). All ages are susceptible to infections, particularly those caused by Trichophyton spp. […] Tinea capitis mainly affects children. […] M. canis is usually contracted from infected kittens or puppies. […] The highly contagious M. audouinii spreads from person to person and does not occur in Australia. […] Tinea capitis may extend to tinea corporis. It occurs worldwide. […] Tinea corporis occurs worldwide and is relatively prevalent. Males are infected more than females. Infection can occur from direct or indirect contact with skin and scalp lesions of infected people or animals.

• #8 Tinea Corporis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544360/

  Tinea corporis is highly prevalent worldwide. Dermatophytes are the most prevalent agents of superficial fungal infections. Excessive heat, high relative humidity, and fitted clothing have correlations to more severe and frequent disease. […] Specific populations, such as children, are more predisposed to tinea corporis. Tinea capitis and tinea corporis are the most common dermatophytic infections in prepubertal children. Pediatric patients are also more likely to contract zoophilic infections, which are transmitted through contact with animals, such as cats and dogs. Individuals with compromised immune systems are not only more vulnerable to tinea corporis but also have an increased risk of developing Majocchi granuloma, a form of tinea corporis folliculitis that invades the deep dermal layers, unlike the superficial involvement observed in typical tinea corporis.

• #9 Epidemiology of dermatophytes among primary school children in Calabar, Nigeria | Christian Journal for Global Health

  https://cjgh.org/articles/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.851

  Children are more susceptible to dermatophytes due to different predisposing factors, such as under developed immune system and high sensitivity of their skin to infection. […] This study investigated the epidemiology of dermatophyte infection among primary school children in Calabar municipality, Nigeria. […] A total of 779 children aged 4-17 years were screened. 202(25.9%) were mycologically positive by culture. […] The occurrence of dermatophyte infection was significantly higher in young children aged 4-6 years than in older children. […] Male children were more frequently infected (17.6%) than females (8.3%). […] The prevalence of dermatophyte infection among the two schools children was 32.0% and 21.9% in DPS and PCNPS, respectively. […] Dermatophyte infection is still prevalent among primary school children. Regular screening and use of educational health awareness of dermatophyte infection are recommended.

• #10 Ringworm (Tinea) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/ringworm-tinea

  Ringworm can be contagious and spread from person to person, pet (especially puppies and kittens) to person, or surface to person. […] There is no national public health surveillance for common fungal infections, such as ringworm, so it is not possible to know exactly how many people contract ringworm each year in the United States. […] The fungus that causes ringworm is contagious.

• #11 Ringworm or tinea (dermatophytosis)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/ringworm-or-tinea-dermatophytosis

  Tinea pedis occurs in children and adults. It is spread via shed skin scales, which may remain infectious on carpet or matting for years. Adults are affected more often than children, and males more often than females. Infection is more frequent and severe in hot weather. […] Tinea cruris is commonly spread from the affected individuals feet, and hence causative agents and occurrence are similar to tinea pedis. Young men are most frequently affected. […] Tinea unguium occurs commonly, but rates of transmission are low, even to close family associates. It is spread by direct contact with skin or nail lesions of infected people, or indirectly through contact with contaminated floors or showers. […] Direct transmission occurs through human-to-human contact for example, for T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Animal-to-human contact also occurs for example, for M. canis and T. verrucosum. Tinea can also be transmitted indirectly through contaminated soil for example, for M. gypseum.

• #12 Ringworm or tinea (dermatophytosis)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/ringworm-or-tinea-dermatophytosis

  Active lesions shed infective material continuously. The fungus persists on contaminated materials for as long as skin cells or animal hair harbour viable spores. […] Young children are particularly susceptible to tinea capitis (M. canis). All ages are susceptible to infections, particularly those caused by Trichophyton spp. […] Susceptibility to tinea corporis is widespread. It is aggravated by friction and excessive perspiration in axillary and inguinal regions, and when environmental temperatures and humidity are high. […] Susceptibility is variable for tinea pedis, and infection may be inapparent. Repeated attacks are frequent. […] An injury to the nail predisposes to tinea unguium infection. Reinfection is frequent. […] Children and parents should be educated about modes of spread, prevention and the necessity of maintaining a high standard of personal hygiene. In case of outbreaks, consider examination of all children to identify cases. Disinfect contaminated articles.

• #13 Important Mycosis of Wildlife: Emphasis on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathology—A Review: PART 2

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1897

  Dermatophytosis is an important public health problem worldwide. […] It is the most frequent dermatologic problem confronting veterinarians because it affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals. […] The predisposing factors to dermatophytosis include a compromise in the integrity of the mucosa or skin surface, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, physical-chemical factors, the presence of concurrent disease, or the effect of immunosuppressing medications. […] Geographical location, season, and living conditions affect the prevalence of dermatophytosis. […] Generally, countries with a hot and humid climate have a higher prevalence of dermatophytosis. […] Ringworm in wild birds is highly contagious and is transmitted by direct contact or contact with a contaminated environment. […] In infected scales or skin lesions that slough from the body, the fungus (dermatophyte) can remain viable at room temperature for up to one year.

• #14 Facts about ringworm I Canesten

  https://www.canesten.com.au/skin-and-foot-health/learning-zone/what-is-ringworm

  Ringworm is contagious, and you can catch it through close contact with contaminated objects like bedsheets, combs or towels, an infected person, animal or – in rare case – through infected soil. […] The fungi responsible for ringworm can easily enter the top layer of your skin if it becomes soft and wet from prolonged water exposure, or if you have minor injuries or abrasions. […] Ringworm is difficult to prevent because the fungus causing it is both very common and contagious. However, you can reduce the risk of being infected or spreading ringworm to others if you practice healthy and hygienic behavior.

• #15 Tinea Capitis: Unusual Chronic Presentation in an Elderly Woman

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jide/journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-epidemiology-jide-4-048.php?jid=jide

  Tinea capitis is very rare in adults, and may affect those with immunosuppressive diseases or menopausal elderly women. […] Tinea capitis is rare in adults, it may affect those with severe immunosuppression such as leukaemia/lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus or diabetes mellitus, or patients taking corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. […] The frequency of each aetiological fungus is highly variable depending on the geographical location. In Mexico, Trichophyton tonsurans is presented in 15-28% of infected adults with tinea capitis. […] The epidemiology of tinea capitis varies in different geographical areas. […] El-Khalawany, et al. described in 2013 the predisposing factors in adults; contact with animals was a common predisposing factor in rural areas, whereas transmitted infection from other family members was more common among urban patients.

• #16 Epidemiology of dermatophytes among primary school children in Calabar, Nigeria | Christian Journal for Global Health

  https://cjgh.org/articles/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.851

  Dermatophyte infection is very common worldwide. It is more frequent in developing countries due to risk factors of crowding, low socio-economic status, and improper personal hygiene. […] The result of this study also revealed that dermatophyte infections were more common in the 4-6 age group than in other age groups. […] According to this finding, the prevalence of dermatophyte infection in the two primary schools was 32.0% and 21.9% in DPS and PCNPS, respectively. […] This prevalence rate observed in this study may be evidence that dermatophytosis is common among the studied population. […] This study revealed a significant relationship between the gender and dermatophyte infection in the studied population. […] The prevalence of dermatophyte infection among primary school children in Calabar municipality is relatively high.

• #17 The unprecedented epidemic-like scenario of dermatophytosis in India: I. Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical features – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/the-unprecedented-epidemic-like-scenario-of-dermatophytosis-in-india-i-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-clinical-features/

  People from both urban and rural areas are at increased risk of dermatophytic infections. Studies from the first half of the past decade reported a rural predominance, possibly due to the high frequency of outdoor work including agriculture predisposing to increased perspiration. However, studies in the last 5 years have shown greater proportions of patients from urban areas (around 80% of patients). […] A higher proportion of patients with dermatophyte infections are still from lower socioeconomic groups, with studies reporting an incidence of 61-67%. Poor standards of living, lack of hygiene, overcrowding and poor nutrition in the lower socioeconomic groups promote the growth of dermatophytes, increasing the risks of infection, chronicity and recurrence. […] Topical steroid misuse may be the most important cause of the current outbreak of chronic and recalcitrant dermatophytosis. A strong temporal association has been observed between the increasing availability and irrational use of the combination creams (antifungal-steroid or antifungal-antibiotic) with the sudden increase in chronic, recurrent and refractory cases in the past 4-5 years.

• #18 Tinea Gladiatorum: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/14/4066

  Tinea gladiatorum (TG) is a fungal skin infection that occurs among wrestlers and other contact sport athletes with a varied prevalence rate. […] The purpose of this study was to gather current data about TG, including epidemiology, possible diagnosing methods, clinical features, treatment approaches, and potential prevention techniques. […] The prevalence of the disease varied from 2.4% up to 100%. […] The main issue of this study was to summarize the current knowledge about the epidemiology, diagnosing, clinical features, treatment, and prevention of tinea gladiatorum. […] Dermatophytic skin infections are one of the most frequent infections worldwide, also among contact sports athletes. […] Comparing data that we collected during our paper’s preparation, the range of positive mycological test results in groups of wrestlers varied significantly between different countries.

• #19 The epidemiology of ringworm in racehorses caused by Trichophyton equinum var autotrophicum. | Research Bank

  https://madbarn.com/research/the-epidemiology-of-ringworm-in-racehorses-caused-by-trichophyton-equinum-var-autotrophicum/?srsltid=AfmBOooC5OP1qnRQfBN3Ma2M9WGCcy2MLf9pagTSuqUPH0C_rhQwBDzO

  One significant factor for the spread of this infection is the transmission through infected saddle-girths. The fungi were found to be able to survive on the saddle-girths for up to a year, making these a major vehicle for the infections spread. […] Further, the study noticed a particular pattern in the incidence of the disease. Young horses under the age of 3 years were found to be most susceptible to the disease. […] It was found that during periods of high humidity, the number of cases seemed to increase. […] This seasonal incidence indicates that environmental conditions could play a significant role in the transmission and spread of ringworm among racehorses.

• #20 Epidemiology of Dermatophytoses in Crete, Greece

  https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mmj/57/4/57_16-00008/_article/-char/ja/

  Dermatophytoses are among the most frequently diagnosed skin infections worldwide. However, the distribution of pathogenic species and the predominating anatomical sites of infection vary with geographical location and change over time. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and aetiological factors of dermatophytoses in Crete, Greece over the last 5-year period (2011-2015) and their incidence in relation to the gender and the age of the patients. […] Increased migration, mass tourism, and climate changes will contribute to further changes in the epidemiology of dermatophytoses in our area. Continuing studies are necessary for determining the new epidemiological trends and to implement the appropriate control measures.

• #21 Ringworm Disease: Market Insight Epidemiology , Forecast , Prevention, Redefining Market Entry Strategies, & Disrupting Competitive intelligences by Disease Landscape Insights

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ringworm-disease-market-insight-epidemiology–forecast–prevention-redefining-market-entry-strategies–disrupting-competitive-intelligences–by-disease-landscape-insights-301926419.html

  Ringworm Disease, despite its misleading name, is a common fungal infection that affects the skin, nails, and occasionally the scalp. […] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Dermatophytosis affects 25% of the global population, with 30 to 70% of individuals experiencing asymptomatic conditions. Approximately 20-25% of people worldwide are affected by ringworm on people. This high prevalence is attributed to increased migration, tourism, and interactions with ringworm-infected animals. […] Clinical trials are research studies designed to test new treatments or therapies for various medical conditions, including ringworm rash. Participating in a clinical trial can provide access to cutting-edge treatments and contribute to advancing medical knowledge. […] DLI, a trusted healthcare consulting and pharma consulting company, plays a pivotal role in supporting healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies in the battle against ringworm stages.

• #22 Clinical Overview of Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Ringworm spreads through skin contact among people and animals or by fomites. […] Antimicrobial-resistant ringworm and onychomycosis are an emerging public health concern. […] Emerging strains of dermatophytes causing severe ringworm are a growing public health concern. […] Antimicrobial-resistant ringworm is emerging and is a current public health concern. […] Clinicians should also become familiar emerging ringworm, including some that are antimicrobial-resistant.

• #23

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ringworm-(tinea)

  Many of these cases are resistant to the common antifungal medications, posing an increasing public health problem. […] A newly described ringworm species has spread widely and is now common in countries of South-East Asia. […] It has also spread beyond this to Africa, the Middle East, Europe and the Americas. […] The World Health Organization (WHO), through the initiative to address neglected tropical diseases of the skin (skin NTDs), recognizes a growing problem of fungal infections of the skin and the emergence of antifungal resistance.

• #24

  https://news.txst.edu/the-conversation/2023/ringworm-fungal-infections-becoming-resistant-to-treatment.html

  In early 2023, the New York State Department of Health reported two cases of severe tinea, a contagious type of ringworm infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention later reported that they were caused by a species of fungus that has been spreading throughout South Asia over the past decade. […] Antimicrobial resistance, including antifungal resistance, is an ongoing global emergency. Experts estimate that drug-resistant infections caused roughly 1.3 million deaths around the world in 2019. By 2050 that figure could rise to 10 million deaths each year. […] Over the past 10 years, South Asia has been experiencing an epidemic of antifungal-resistant ringworm caused by the spread of a novel species of fungus called Trichophyton indotineae, which causes skin disease in both animals and humans. Experts believe that inappropriate use of topical antifungal and corticosteroid medications is likely driving its spread.

• #25

  https://news.txst.edu/the-conversation/2023/ringworm-fungal-infections-becoming-resistant-to-treatment.html

  In February 2023, a New York City dermatologist reported to public health officials two cases in which unrelated patients with severe tinea caused by Trichophyton indotineae were not improving with oral antifungal treatment. A CDC report found that those were the first cases of tinea from that species in the U.S. One of the two patients had no recent international travel history, suggesting that it could be a case of local transmission of Trichophyton indotineae in the U.S.

• #26 The unprecedented epidemic-like scenario of dermatophytosis in India: I. Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical features – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/the-unprecedented-epidemic-like-scenario-of-dermatophytosis-in-india-i-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-clinical-features/

  Dermatophytosis has attained unprecedented dimensions in recent years in India. Its clinical presentation is now multifarious, often with atypical morphology, severe forms and unusually extensive disease in all age groups. We hesitate to call it an epidemic owing to the lack of population-based prevalence surveys. In this part of the review, we discuss the epidemiology and clinical features of this contemporary problem. While the epidemiology is marked by a stark increase in the number of chronic, relapsing and recurrent cases, the clinical distribution is marked by a disproportionate rise in the number of cases with tinea corporis and cruris, cases presenting with the involvement of extensive areas, and tinea faciei. […] According to recent studies, there has been an increase in the incidence of dermatophytosis across the country in the past decade and especially so over the past 5-6 years. This increase has been at an alarming rate and has resulted in an epidemic-like situation in the country.

• #27 The unprecedented epidemic-like scenario of dermatophytosis in India: I. Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical features – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/the-unprecedented-epidemic-like-scenario-of-dermatophytosis-in-india-i-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-clinical-features/

  The current reported prevalence in India falls in a very wide range (6.09%-61.5%). A prevalence of 6.09% to 27.6% has been reported in studies from south India, while a high prevalence of 61.5% has been recorded in north India. […] Further, there appears to be a steady increase in the incidence of chronic, relapsing and recurrent dermatophytosis; it is not uncommon to encounter disease durations running into months or years. […] These trends are unique to the present epidemic-like situation of dermatophytosis in India and are not described in the standard dermatology textbooks from the Western world. […] Recent studies have reported a very high frequency of history of dermatophytosis in close contacts (72-82%). Chronicity and recurrent infection have probably contributed to the rise in the incidence of familial infection.

• #28 Ringworm — Middlesex-London Health Unit

  https://www.healthunit.com/ringworm

  Children are most likely to get Ringworm. Outbreaks of Ringworm of the scalp have been identified in both child care centres and schools, and outbreaks of Ringworm of the scalp, body and foot have been identified in high school sports teams. Early recognition and treatment are needed to slow down the spread of infection. […] Ringworm is difficult to prevent. The fungus is common, and it is contagious before symptoms appear. However practicing the following may prevent spread to others. […] Clean and sanitize common use areas, especially in schools and child care centres. Use a disinfectant that is labeled to kill fungi (fungicide). Follow the instructions carefully, and leave the disinfectant on the surface for the minimum amount of time the label advises. Regular cleaning schedules in schools and child care should be enhanced during the time of a ringworm outbreak. A 1:100 household bleach solution (approximately 500 ppm) is recommended for use and can be prepared by mixing 62 ml (1/4 cup) household bleach with 6138 ml (24 3/4 cups) water.

• #29 Ringworm detection using the instance of segmentation potential of YOLOv7 in dromedary camels » Advancements in Life Sciences

  https://www.als-journal.com/11127-24/

  Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a contagious fungal skin disease prevalent among camels, particularly of 1-3 years old, and resulting in considerable economic losses. […] The incidence of ringworm infection in the current study was (36 out of 61 camels 59 %) which is too high compared to the other studies (25.6% [3]; 22.1% [4]; 30% [16]). […] The government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and local veterinarians have instituted several measures, such as routine cleaning and disinfection of stables and equipment, isolation of infected camels, and treatment with antifungal medications, to prevent and control ringworm infection. […] Advanced deep-learning techniques play a crucial role in animal research, particularly in the continuous monitoring of camel health and welfare.

• #30 Ringworm detection using the instance of segmentation potential of YOLOv7 in dromedary camels » Advancements in Life Sciences

  https://www.als-journal.com/11127-24/

  Through the application of artificial intelligence (AI), early detection of infected camels becomes possible, enabling prompt warnings to be sent to the responsible veterinarian. […] While the YOLO7 model is reliable in the identification and classification of camel ringworm infections, limitations in generalization across diverse conditions, animal breeds, limited dataset, cost and environment can pose challenges.

• #31 Tinea Capitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091351-overview

  Globally, M canis (52.39%) was the most common pathogen over this period, followed by T violaceum (14.74%), T tonsurans (10.24%), and T mentagrophytes (9.32%). […] Tinea capitis occurs primarily in children: It is the most common pediatric dermatophyte infection worldwide, accounting for as many as 92.5% of dermatophytoses in children younger than 10 years. […] The peak incidence has been reported to occur in school-aged Black male children, at rates of 12.9%. […] In Northern California, the incidence among the pediatric population has been reported as 0.34%. […] Though considerably less common, tinea capitis in adults does occur, with an estimated frequency in the range of 3-11%. […] The incidence of tinea capitis may vary by sex, depending on the causative fungal organism.

• #32 GUIDELINE for Dermatophytosis, ringworm in cats — ABCD cats & vets

  https://www.abcdcatsvets.org/guideline-for-dermatophytosis-ringworm-in-cats/

  Though data on prevalence of dermatophytosis are limited, this condition is believed to be worldwide the most common fungal infection of cats and one of the most important infectious skin diseases in this species (Moriello et al., 2017). […] M. canis is a typical zoophilic dermatophyte. It was generally thought that subclinical infections were very common in cats, especially in longhaired animals over 2 years of age. However, in many groups, the prevalence is relatively low. Therefore, M. canis should not be considered part of the normal fungal flora of cats and its isolation from a healthy animal indicates either subclinical infection or fomite carriage (Moriello and DeBoer, 2012). […] Arthrospores are transmitted mainly through direct contact with sick or subclinically infected cats, but also dogs or other species (Moriello, 2014). In addition, uninfected cats can passively transport arthrospores on their hair, thereby acting as fomites.

• #33 Ringworm – MSD Animal Health Republic of Ireland

  https://www.msd-animal-health.ie/species/cattle/ringworm/

  The infection is spread primarily through direct contact between animals, with clinically infected animals being the greatest source of infection. […] The spores of ringworm fungi survive many months and in some cases years in the farm environment and may be transmitted either by fomites (brushes, gates, feed carts) or by asymptomatic carriers to susceptible hosts. […] There is an increased risk of outbreaks during building work, with a much higher number of spores being released into the air. […] A natural outbreak will generally affect only younger animals, though older animals which have not previously had contact with the dermatophyte can also easily be affected due to the lack of natural immunity. […] The overall incidence of ringworm based on evidence of hide damage in a number of European countries appears to be around 10% of cattle. […] Environmental factors may play a role, since the prevalence of the disease is increased in hot, humid climates. […] The zoonotic implications are serious, and once ringworm is known to be on farm all precautions must be taken to avoid spread to farm staff and especially children.

• #34 The epidemiology of ringworm in racehorses caused by Trichophyton equinum var autotrophicum. | Research Bank

  https://madbarn.com/research/the-epidemiology-of-ringworm-in-racehorses-caused-by-trichophyton-equinum-var-autotrophicum/?srsltid=AfmBOooC5OP1qnRQfBN3Ma2M9WGCcy2MLf9pagTSuqUPH0C_rhQwBDzO

  The epidemiology of dermatomycocis due to Trichophyton equinum var autotrophicum was studied in a number of thoroughbred stables in south-east Queensland. The significant factors in the epidemiology were defined. The infection was readily transmitted, particularly by infected saddle-girths, on which the fungus could survive for 12 months. […] A pronounced age and seasonal incidence of the disease was demonstrated as young horses under the age of 3 years were most susceptible, and the majority of cases occurred in periods of high humidity. […] The research is focused on examining the epidemiology, or the study of how diseases spread and can be controlled, of ringworm caused by Trichophyton equinum var autotrophicum in racehorses. This was studied in a number of thoroughbred stables in southeast Queensland.

• #35 The epidemiology of ringworm in racehorses caused by Trichophyton equinum var autotrophicum. | Research Bank

  https://madbarn.com/research/the-epidemiology-of-ringworm-in-racehorses-caused-by-trichophyton-equinum-var-autotrophicum/?srsltid=AfmBOooC5OP1qnRQfBN3Ma2M9WGCcy2MLf9pagTSuqUPH0C_rhQwBDzO

  One significant factor for the spread of this infection is the transmission through infected saddle-girths. The fungi were found to be able to survive on the saddle-girths for up to a year, making these a major vehicle for the infections spread. […] Further, the study noticed a particular pattern in the incidence of the disease. Young horses under the age of 3 years were found to be most susceptible to the disease. […] It was found that during periods of high humidity, the number of cases seemed to increase. […] This seasonal incidence indicates that environmental conditions could play a significant role in the transmission and spread of ringworm among racehorses.

• #36 GUIDELINE for Dermatophytosis, ringworm in cats — ABCD cats & vets

  https://www.abcdcatsvets.org/guideline-for-dermatophytosis-ringworm-in-cats/

  Risk factors include: introducing new animals into a cattery, cat shows, catteries, shelters, mating etc. Arthrospores are easily spread on dust particles, also to rooms without access for cats. Therefore, indirect contact should be considered too (via contaminated collars, brushes, toys, environments etc.), though this is seldom documented (Moriello, 2014). […] In catteries and shelters, dermatophyte infection is very difficult to eradicate and is time-consuming and expensive. Good compliance with the owner is therefore essential. A treatment program is necessary, together with complete separation of infected and uninfected animals and intensive cleaning and decontamination of the environment. This will necessitate interruption of breeding programs and shows. […] Special hygiene measures should be taken when handling infected animals in order to prevent infection of humans (gloves, disinfection of cat scratches or any other injury).

• #37 The unprecedented epidemic-like scenario of dermatophytosis in India: I. Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical features – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/the-unprecedented-epidemic-like-scenario-of-dermatophytosis-in-india-i-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-clinical-features/

  The epidemiology and clinical presentations of superficial dermatophytosis in India have undergone a sea change. This importantly includes the rather abrupt change from the Trichophyton rubrum to Trichophyton mentagrophytes as the predominant species in less than a decade. The disease now occurs irrespective of climatic changes, age, sex and educational or socioeconomic status, and is notable for its unprecedented high rate of transmission amongst family members and close contacts.

• #38 Tinea Gladiatorum: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/14/4066

  The most noticeable dissimilarity was observed among athletes in the USA (results ranged from 4.3% to 100%) and Turkey (from 4.2% to 90.6%). […] There are limited data concerning the incidence of TG in other countries—only individual studies have been performed. […] In 2015, Hiruma et al. demonstrated a review of their work results concerning the epidemiology of T. tonsurans infection in Japan. […] Outcomes of this study indicate the need for rising patient awareness, especially among that specific group. […] Despite the fact that T. tonsurans is a predominant infectious factor responsible for TG cases, there are also several papers describing the role of other dermatophyte species such as T. mentagrophytes. […] It is also worth noticing that T. rubrum appears to be the most common causative agent of dermatophytosis overall and yet it is described as the second most frequent pathogen among wrestlers with fungal infections.

• #39 Tinea Gladiatorum: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/14/4066

  The relevance of wrestling mat and wrestling hall contamination is an extensively debated factor. […] Some authors imply that contamination of wrestling mats with T. tonsurans plays a great role in dermatophytosis spread. […] Nevertheless, colonies of T. tonsurans have been repeatedly isolated from sampled wrestling mats.

• #40 Nosocomial Ringworm in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Nurse and Her Cat | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/article/nosocomial-ringworm-in-a-neonatal-intensive-care-unit-a-nurse-and-her-cat/1131A7FA88FADB92520215C85D5AB0AB

  An outbreak of nosocomial ringworm involved five infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. […] After standard infection control measures were initiated, the outbreak was resolved successfully by an interdisciplinary professional collaboration of physician and veterinary dermatologists and infection control personnel.

• #41 Ringworm Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5970070/ringworm-market-epidemiology-industry-trends?srsltid=AfmBOoo7X5p-NN4HuFASbbftXnHFxWFgGHmvSPJYOnDOWbHW6vd0Cj3-

  The ringworm market has been comprehensively analyzed in this report titled „Ringworm Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034”. […] The increasing cases of direct contact with contaminated surfaces that can enhance the transfer of fungal spores and lead to infection are primarily driving the ringworm market. […] This report provides an exhaustive analysis of the ringworm market in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan. […] According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for ringworm and also represents the largest market for its treatment. […] Furthermore, the current treatment practice/algorithm, market drivers, challenges, opportunities, reimbursement scenario and unmet medical needs, etc. have also been provided in the report.

• #42 Experts alert doctors and the public to the arrival of hard-to-treat fungal skin infections in the United States | EurekAlert!

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1046425

  Healthcare providers should watch out for new and highly contagious forms of ringworm or jock itch, which are emerging as a potential public health threat, according to a pair of reports. […] Healthcare providers should be aware that Trichophyton mentagrophytes type VII is the latest in a group of severe skin infections to have now reached the United States, said study lead author and dermatologist Avrom Caplan, MD. […] The researchers caution that while dermatologists should be on the alert for signs of TMVII and T. indotineae in their patients, rates so far remain low in the U.S.

• #43 Veterinarians warned of drug-resistant ringworm infections

  https://www.dvm360.com/view/veterinarians-warned-of-drug-resistant-ringworm-infections

  United States public health officials are asking veterinary professionals to be on the lookout for antifungal-resistant ringworm infections. […] We want to encourage US veterinarians to be aware of potential animal infections of T indoline because of its high person-to-person transmissibility and its isolation in dogs and cattle, Jeremy Gold, MD, a medical epidemiologist with the CDCs mycotic diseases branch, said in a news release. […] The CDC disclosed that there are no cases in which the infection spread from humans to animals, but this cannot be ruled out based on how infectious the fungus is. Data on T indotineae infections in animals are limited, and it is unknown whether or how often transmission between animals and humans occurs. […] Theres a lot we are still learning about drug-resistant ringworm, and veterinarians are often like the eyes and ears of public health. So, its important for veterinarians concerned about possible antimicrobial-resistant ringworm to reach out to their public health officials or state public health veterinarian for support because they can provide useful information, Goldman concluded.

Zobacz więcej