Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The symptoms of depression can be complex and vary widely between people. If you’re depressed, you may feel sad, hopeless and lose interest in things you used to enjoy. […] The symptoms persist for weeks or months and are bad enough to interfere with your work, social life and family life. […] The psychological symptoms of depression include: continuous low mood or sadness, feeling hopeless and helpless, having low self-esteem, feeling tearful, feeling guilt-ridden, feeling irritable and intolerant of others, having no motivation or interest in things, finding it difficult to make decisions, not getting any enjoyment out of life, feeling anxious or worried, having suicidal thoughts or thoughts of harming yourself. […] The physical symptoms of depression include: moving or speaking more slowly than usual, changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased), constipation, unexplained aches and pains, lack of energy, low sex drive (loss of libido), disturbed sleep for example, finding it difficult to fall asleep at night or waking up very early in the morning.

• #2 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  Depression is a mood disorder that causes feelings of sadness that won’t go away. […] Approximately one in six people will experience a major depressive episode at some point in their lifetime, while up to 16 million adults each year suffer from clinical depression. […] Emotionally, you may feel sad or down or irritable or even apathetic. Physically, the body really slows down. You feel tired. Your sleep is often disrupted. It’s really hard to get yourself motivated. Your thinking also changes. It can just be hard to concentrate. Your thoughts tend to be much more negative. You can be really hard on yourself, feel hopeless and helpless about things. And even in some cases, have thoughts of not wanting to live. […] Symptoms of depression are different for everyone. Some symptoms may be a sign of another disorder or medical condition. That’s why it’s important to get an accurate diagnosis.

• #3

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression is a common mental disorder. […] Depression can lead to suicide. […] It involves a depressed mood or loss of pleasure or interest in activities for long periods of time. […] Depression can happen to anyone. […] An estimated 3.8% of the population experience depression, including 5% of adults (4% among men and 6% among women), and 5.7% of adults older than 60 years. […] During a depressive episode, a person experiences a depressed mood (feeling sad, irritable, empty). […] They may feel a loss of pleasure or interest in activities. […] A depressive episode is different from regular mood fluctuations. […] Other symptoms are also present, which may include: poor concentration, feelings of excessive guilt or low self-worth, hopelessness about the future, thoughts about dying or suicide, disrupted sleep, changes in appetite or weight, feeling very tired or low in energy.

• #4 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The symptoms of depression can be complex and vary widely between people. If you’re depressed, you may feel sad, hopeless and lose interest in things you used to enjoy. […] The symptoms persist for weeks or months and are bad enough to interfere with your work, social life and family life. […] The psychological symptoms of depression include: continuous low mood or sadness, feeling hopeless and helpless, having low self-esteem, feeling tearful, feeling guilt-ridden, feeling irritable and intolerant of others, having no motivation or interest in things, finding it difficult to make decisions, not getting any enjoyment out of life, feeling anxious or worried, having suicidal thoughts or thoughts of harming yourself. […] The physical symptoms of depression include: moving or speaking more slowly than usual, changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased), constipation, unexplained aches and pains, lack of energy, low sex drive (loss of libido), disturbed sleep for example, finding it difficult to fall asleep at night or waking up very early in the morning.

• #5 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  During these episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day and may include: Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness; Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters; Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports; Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much; Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort; Reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food and weight gain; Anxiety, agitation or restlessness; Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements; Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame; Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things; Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide; Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches.

• #6 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The symptoms of depression can be complex and vary widely between people. If you’re depressed, you may feel sad, hopeless and lose interest in things you used to enjoy. […] The symptoms persist for weeks or months and are bad enough to interfere with your work, social life and family life. […] The psychological symptoms of depression include: continuous low mood or sadness, feeling hopeless and helpless, having low self-esteem, feeling tearful, feeling guilt-ridden, feeling irritable and intolerant of others, having no motivation or interest in things, finding it difficult to make decisions, not getting any enjoyment out of life, feeling anxious or worried, having suicidal thoughts or thoughts of harming yourself. […] The physical symptoms of depression include: moving or speaking more slowly than usual, changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased), constipation, unexplained aches and pains, lack of energy, low sex drive (loss of libido), disturbed sleep for example, finding it difficult to fall asleep at night or waking up very early in the morning.

• #7 What Is Depression? Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/what-is-depression/

  To be diagnosed with major depression, you must have one of the two cardinal symptoms of depression or both, says George Alexopoulos, M.D., a geriatric psychiatrist at Weill Cornell Medical College. The two main symptoms lasting at least two weeks are sadness and anhedonia, an inability to experience pleasure. […] In older adults, the symptoms may look slightly different, Alexopoulos says. The inability to experience pleasure is more frequent in older adults than younger, he says. […] Trouble sleeping is another big one that Alexopoulos sees often in older patients. […] Depression can develop for several reasons. […] For those who developed depression earlier in life, Mann says, the episodes tend to last longer as you get older, and the well interval tends to get shorter. […] Depression can run in families, Mann says.

• #8 What Is Depression? Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2024/what-is-depression.html

  To be diagnosed with major depression, you must have one of the two cardinal symptoms of depression or both, says George Alexopoulos, M.D., a geriatric psychiatrist at Weill Cornell Medical College. The two main symptoms lasting at least two weeks are sadness and anhedonia, an inability to experience pleasure. […] In older adults, the symptoms may look slightly different, Alexopoulos says. The inability to experience pleasure is more frequent in older adults than younger, he says. […] Trouble sleeping is another big one that Alexopoulos sees often in older patients. […] Depression can develop for several reasons. […] For those who developed depression earlier in life, Mann says, the episodes tend to last longer as you get older, and the well interval tends to get shorter. […] Depression can run in families, Mann says.

• #9 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The symptoms of depression can be complex and vary widely between people. If you’re depressed, you may feel sad, hopeless and lose interest in things you used to enjoy. […] The symptoms persist for weeks or months and are bad enough to interfere with your work, social life and family life. […] The psychological symptoms of depression include: continuous low mood or sadness, feeling hopeless and helpless, having low self-esteem, feeling tearful, feeling guilt-ridden, feeling irritable and intolerant of others, having no motivation or interest in things, finding it difficult to make decisions, not getting any enjoyment out of life, feeling anxious or worried, having suicidal thoughts or thoughts of harming yourself. […] The physical symptoms of depression include: moving or speaking more slowly than usual, changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased), constipation, unexplained aches and pains, lack of energy, low sex drive (loss of libido), disturbed sleep for example, finding it difficult to fall asleep at night or waking up very early in the morning.

• #10 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  During these episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day and may include: Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness; Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters; Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports; Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much; Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort; Reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food and weight gain; Anxiety, agitation or restlessness; Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements; Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame; Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things; Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide; Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches.

• #11 Overview – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/overview/

  Depression affects people in different ways and can cause a wide variety of symptoms. […] They range from lasting feelings of unhappiness and hopelessness, to losing interest in the things you used to enjoy and feeling very tearful. Many people with depression also have symptoms of anxiety. […] There can be physical symptoms too, such as feeling constantly tired, sleeping badly, having no appetite or sex drive, and various aches and pains. […] The symptoms of depression range from mild to severe. At its mildest, you may simply feel persistently low in spirit, while severe depression can make you feel suicidal, that life is no longer worth living. […] Many people wait a long time before seeking help for depression, but it’s best not to delay. The sooner you see a doctor, the sooner you can be on the way to recovery.

• #12 Depression Overview: Emotional Symptoms, Physical Signs, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/ss/slideshow-depression-overview

  It’s natural to feel down sometimes, but if that low mood lingers day after day, it could signal depression. Major depression is an episode of sadness or apathy along with other symptoms that lasts at least two consecutive weeks and is severe enough to interrupt daily activities. […] The primary symptoms of depression are a sad mood and/or loss of interest in life. Activities that were once pleasurable lose their appeal. Patients may also be haunted by a sense of guilt or worthlessness, lack of hope, and recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Depression is sometimes linked to physical symptoms. These include fatigue and decreased energy, insomnia, especially early-morning waking, excessive sleep, and persistent aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not ease even with treatment.

• #13 Approach to the adult patient with suspected depression – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-patient-with-suspected-depression

  Symptoms of depression are common in primary care and outpatient specialty settings; their prevalence ranges from 17 to 53 percent. Most individuals with depressive symptoms will not have major depressive disorder (MDD) but will instead have a different depressive disorder or an alternative cause of depressed mood. […] Depressed mood is a common symptom in primary care patients that should raise the suspicion of MDD. Patients may describe feeling „sad” or „blue,” appear tearful or sad, or endorse frequent tearfulness or crying „for no reason.” Other mood symptoms that may suggest depression include decreased interest or pleasure in activities (anhedonia), anger, irritability, and anxiety. […] Unexplained physical symptoms — Clinicians should have a low threshold for investigating the possibility of depression in individuals who present with multiple unexplained physical symptoms, especially symptoms of nonspecific „weakness,” headache, sleep disturbances, or musculoskeletal pain.

• #14 Depression Diagnosis and Screening: What Doctors Look For

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/depression-diagnosis

  Episodes may happen only once in a lifetime or may be recurrent, chronic, or longstanding. In some cases, they seem to last forever. Symptoms may start or worsen during a life crisis. At other times, they may seem to happen at random. […] Yes, there are physical symptoms associated with depression. In fact, a great many people with depression see their doctor first with only physical issues, not realizing their problems could be related to depression. You might experience: Pain, including: Back pain, Headaches, Joint pain, Limb pain, Nausea, Abdominal pain, Constant tiredness (fatigue), Insomnia, Hypersomnia, Slowing of physical movement and thinking, Changes in appetite, Unintended weight loss or weight gain, Low sex drive, Constipation, Diarrhea. […] When depression is hurting your life, such as causing trouble with relationships, work issues, or family disputes, and there isn’t a clear solution to these problems, you should seek help to keep things from getting worse, especially if these feelings last for any length of time.

• #15 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The social symptoms of depression include: avoiding contact with friends and taking part in fewer social activities, neglecting your hobbies and interests, having difficulties in your home, work or family life. […] Depression can often come on gradually, so it can be difficult to notice something is wrong. Many people try to cope with their symptoms without realising they’re unwell. […] Doctors describe depression in adults as either less severe (mild) or more severe (moderate or severe), based on: the symptoms, including how often you get symptoms and how bad they are, how long depression lasts, the impact on your daily life. […] A few people with severe depression may have symptoms of psychosis. […] You’ll usually be asked to answer a set of questions to help doctors assess how severe your condition is.

• #16 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  For many people with depression, symptoms usually are severe enough to cause noticeable problems in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities or relationships with others. […] Depression often begins in the teens, 20s or 30s, but it can happen at any age. […] More women than men are diagnosed with depression, but this may be due in part because women are more likely to seek treatment. […] Depression is a serious disorder that can take a terrible toll on you and your family. […] Depression often gets worse if it isn’t treated, resulting in emotional, behavioral and health problems that affect every area of your life. […] Examples of complications associated with depression include: Excess weight or obesity, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes; Pain or physical illness; Alcohol or drug misuse; Anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia; Family conflicts, relationship difficulties, and work or school problems; Social isolation; Suicidal feelings, suicide attempts or suicide; Self-mutilation, such as cutting; Premature death from medical conditions.

• #17 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The social symptoms of depression include: avoiding contact with friends and taking part in fewer social activities, neglecting your hobbies and interests, having difficulties in your home, work or family life. […] Depression can often come on gradually, so it can be difficult to notice something is wrong. Many people try to cope with their symptoms without realising they’re unwell. […] Doctors describe depression in adults as either less severe (mild) or more severe (moderate or severe), based on: the symptoms, including how often you get symptoms and how bad they are, how long depression lasts, the impact on your daily life. […] A few people with severe depression may have symptoms of psychosis. […] You’ll usually be asked to answer a set of questions to help doctors assess how severe your condition is.

• #18 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The social symptoms of depression include: avoiding contact with friends and taking part in fewer social activities, neglecting your hobbies and interests, having difficulties in your home, work or family life. […] Depression can often come on gradually, so it can be difficult to notice something is wrong. Many people try to cope with their symptoms without realising they’re unwell. […] Doctors describe depression in adults as either less severe (mild) or more severe (moderate or severe), based on: the symptoms, including how often you get symptoms and how bad they are, how long depression lasts, the impact on your daily life. […] A few people with severe depression may have symptoms of psychosis. […] You’ll usually be asked to answer a set of questions to help doctors assess how severe your condition is.

• #19

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including in the community and at home, work and school. […] A depressive episode can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the number and severity of symptoms, as well as the impact on the individuals functioning. […] Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. […] People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] There are effective treatments for depression. […] Psychological treatments are the first treatments for depression. […] Antidepressant medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine. […] Antidepressants should not be used for treating depression in children and are not the first line of treatment in adolescents, among whom they should be used with extra caution. […] Self-care can play an important role in managing symptoms of depression and promoting overall well-being. […] If you have thoughts of suicide: remember you are not alone, and that many people have gone through what you’re experiencing and found help.

• #20

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/clinical-depression/

  do not get any enjoyment out of life. […] feel anxious or worried. […] have suicidal thoughts or thoughts of harming yourself. […] The physical symptoms of clinical depression include: moving or speaking slower than usual. […] changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased). […] lack of energy. […] low sex drive (loss of libido). […] disturbed sleep – difficulty falling asleep, waking up early or sleeping more than usual. […] If you have clinical depression you may: not do well at work. […] avoid contact with friends. […] take part in fewer social activities. […] lose interest in hobbies and interests. […] Clinical depression often develops gradually. […] The type of clinical depression you have depends on how much impact it has on your daily life.

• #21 Moderate Depression: Symptoms, Treatment, and Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-moderate-depression-5072794

  Moderately severe depression is generally marked by low mood and irritability most days as well as a loss of interest or enjoyment in activities that were previously pleasurable. […] Such symptoms may vary in intensity and duration in someone with moderate depression. […] Where people with mild depression may be able to carry out their normal daily activities without much impairment, the symptoms of moderate depression are serious enough to create problems with work and home life. […] People with moderately severe depression may struggle to complete daily tasks or feel fatigued and unmotivated. At work, they may struggle to concentrate on projects. Symptoms can also lead to problems in social relationships as well. […] Depression is very common. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the leading cause of ill health and disability globally.

• #22

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/clinical-depression/

  mild clinical depression – has some impact. […] moderate clinical depression – has a significant impact. […] severe clinical depression – means it is almost impossible to get through daily life. […] If you have clinical depression, you always feel sad. […] You don’t enjoy anything and find it difficult to be positive about the future. […] Symptoms include: low self-esteem. […] feeling sad and empty. […] difficulty getting things done. […] losing interest in daily activities. […] you have symptoms of depression for most of the day, every day, for more than 2 weeks.

• #23 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The social symptoms of depression include: avoiding contact with friends and taking part in fewer social activities, neglecting your hobbies and interests, having difficulties in your home, work or family life. […] Depression can often come on gradually, so it can be difficult to notice something is wrong. Many people try to cope with their symptoms without realising they’re unwell. […] Doctors describe depression in adults as either less severe (mild) or more severe (moderate or severe), based on: the symptoms, including how often you get symptoms and how bad they are, how long depression lasts, the impact on your daily life. […] A few people with severe depression may have symptoms of psychosis. […] You’ll usually be asked to answer a set of questions to help doctors assess how severe your condition is.

• #24 Depression Statistics: Types, Symptoms, Treatments, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/facts-statistics-infographic

  Living with depression is also known to increase your chances of experiencing suicidal thoughts. In the United States alone, depression leads to about 40,000 deaths by suicide each year. […] According to estimates, 6.5-20% of people develop postpartum depression after giving birth. […] Major depressive disorder with psychotic features (aka psychotic depression) describes depression that involves psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, or paranoia. […] The mood changes associated with persistent depression may be less severe, but they can still cause plenty of distress. […] Estimates suggest that 3% of U.S. people may have this type of depression.

• #25 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  A diagnosis of depression requires that the above symptoms occur for most of the day, nearly every day, for more than two weeks, along with a clear change in day-to-day functioning (e.g., in work/school performance, personal relationships, and hobbies). […] Depression is among the most treatable of mental disorders. Between 70% and 90% percent of people with depression eventually respond well to treatment. […] To diagnose depression, a healthcare professional will conduct a thorough diagnostic evaluation that includes a comprehensive interview to discuss your symptoms in addition to your personal, medical and family histories. […] Medication may be recommended. These medications are not sedatives, uppers or tranquilizers. They are not addictive. […] Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is also often recommended. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), one of the most common forms of psychotherapy, has been found to be effective in treating depression.

• #26 Depression – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/mood-disorders/depression

  Depression is a feeling of sadness and/or a decreased interest or pleasure in activities that becomes a disorder when it is intense enough to interfere with functioning. […] Depression can make people sad and sluggish and/or lose all interest and pleasure in activities they used to enjoy. […] Depression typically develops during a person’s mid teens, 20s, or 30s, although depression can begin at almost any age, including during childhood. […] An episode of depression, if untreated, typically lasts about 6 months but sometimes lasts for 2 years or more. Episodes tend to recur several times over a lifetime. […] Depression affects about 1 of every 6 older adults. […] Some causes of depression may be more common among older adults. […] In older adults, depression can cause symptoms that resemble those of dementia: slower thinking, decreased concentration, confusion, and difficulty remembering, rather than the sadness people tend to associate with depression.

• #27 Depression | NAMI

  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/depression/

  Depressive disorder, frequently referred to simply as depression, is more than just feeling sad or going through a rough patch. It’s a serious mental health condition that requires understanding and medical care. Left untreated, depression can be devastating for those who have it and their families. Fortunately, with early detection, diagnosis and a treatment plan consisting of medication, psychotherapy and healthy lifestyle choices, many people can and do get better. […] Some will only experience one depressive episode in a lifetime, but for most, depressive disorder recurs. Without treatment, episodes may last a few months to several years. […] About 21 million U.S. adults—8.4% of the population—had at least one major depressive episode in 2020. People of all ages and all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds experience depression, but it does affect some groups more than others.

• #28 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious mental disorder that negatively affects how you feel, think, act, and perceive the world. […] Nearly three in ten adults (29%) have been diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives and about 18% are currently experiencing depression, according to a 2023 national survey. Women are more likely than men and younger adults are more likely than older adults to experience depression. While depression can occur at any time and at any age, on average it can first appear during ones late teens to mid-20s. […] Symptoms of depression symptoms can vary from mild to severe and can appear differently in each person. These symptoms can include: Feeling sad, irritable, empty and/or hopeless. Losing interest or pleasure in activities you once enjoyed. A significant change in appetite (eating much less or more than usual) and/or weight (notable loss or gain unrelated to dieting). Sleeping too little or too much. Decreased energy or increased tiredness or fatigue. Increase in purposeless physical activity (e.g., inability to sit still, pacing, handwringing) or slowed movements or speech that are severe enough to be observable by others. Feeling worthless or excessively guilty. Difficulty thinking or concentrating, forgetfulness, and/or difficulty making minor decisions. Thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempts.

• #29 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious mental disorder that negatively affects how you feel, think, act, and perceive the world. […] Nearly three in ten adults (29%) have been diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives and about 18% are currently experiencing depression, according to a 2023 national survey. Women are more likely than men and younger adults are more likely than older adults to experience depression. While depression can occur at any time and at any age, on average it can first appear during ones late teens to mid-20s. […] Symptoms of depression symptoms can vary from mild to severe and can appear differently in each person. These symptoms can include: Feeling sad, irritable, empty and/or hopeless. Losing interest or pleasure in activities you once enjoyed. A significant change in appetite (eating much less or more than usual) and/or weight (notable loss or gain unrelated to dieting). Sleeping too little or too much. Decreased energy or increased tiredness or fatigue. Increase in purposeless physical activity (e.g., inability to sit still, pacing, handwringing) or slowed movements or speech that are severe enough to be observable by others. Feeling worthless or excessively guilty. Difficulty thinking or concentrating, forgetfulness, and/or difficulty making minor decisions. Thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempts.

• #30 Depression Diagnosis and Screening: What Doctors Look For

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/depression-diagnosis

  Someone’s observable or behavioral symptoms of clinical depression may also look minimal despite profound inner turmoil. Depression can be an all-encompassing disorder, and it affects a person’s body, feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in varying ways. […] To be diagnosed with major depression, you must have a depressed mood or have lost interest or pleasure in life, plus have four of the symptoms listed above. […] Depression symptoms can last weeks, months, or sometimes years. They can affect your personality and interfere with your social relationships and work habits, potentially making it difficult for others to have empathy for you. Some symptoms are so disabling that they interfere significantly with your ability to function. In very severe cases, people with depression may be unable to eat, maintain their hygiene, or even get out of bed.

• #31 Depression Symptoms: Spot the Warning Signs of Depression

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs

  Reckless behavior. You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, compulsive gambling, reckless driving, or dangerous sports. […] Concentration problems. Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things. […] Unexplained aches and pains. An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain. […] Depression is a major risk factor for suicide. Deep despair and hopelessness can make suicide feel like the only way to escape the pain. […] Depression often varies according to age and gender, with symptoms differing between men and women, or young people and older adults. […] Depressed men are less likely to acknowledge feelings of self-loathing and hopelessness. Instead, they tend to complain about fatigue, irritability, sleep problems, and loss of interest in work and hobbies.

• #32 Depression Signs and Symptoms | Ada

  https://ada.com/signs-of-depression/

  Signs of depression are typically present for more than two weeks. […] Depression varies in form and severity, and not everyone will experience all of the above symptoms. […] There are many different types of depression, and the condition may occur together with a number of other health conditions mental and otherwise. […] It is important not to ignore signs of depression, particularly if they seem to be getting worse. Seeing a doctor as soon as possible is recommended. […] Depression is considered a treatable condition. […] If a person shows signs of crisis obvious indicators that they are strongly affected by depression or at risk of suicide it is important to call a doctor, emergency services provider or suicide prevention helpline without delay. […] Signs of depression in men may include: Irritability or anger; Agitation; Behavioral changes, e.g. becoming controlling or violent; Tiredness; Loss of interest in work, family or hobbies; Difficulty sleeping; Weight loss; Physical symptoms, such as headaches, chronic pain and digestive problems; Substance abuse; including alcohol; Risk-taking, e.g. unsafe driving or unsafe sex.

• #33 Depression Symptoms: Spot the Warning Signs of Depression

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs

  Women are more likely to experience symptoms such as pronounced feelings of guilt, excessive sleeping, overeating, and weight gain. […] Older adults tend to complain more about the physical rather than the emotional signs and symptoms: things like fatigue, unexplained aches and pains, and memory problems.

• #34 Moderate Depression: Symptoms, Treatment, and Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-moderate-depression-5072794

  Moderate major depressive disorder involves persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and other depression symptoms that can interfere with normal functioning. […] While everyone feels down from time to time, depression is a serious mental health condition that can make it difficult to function normally. […] Moderately severe depression is marked by two main symptoms: persistent low mood and decreased interest in activities. Some of the other symptoms of depression include: Avoiding social activities, Changes in appetite, Decreased productivity, Despair and guilt, Difficulty concentrating, Difficulty sleeping, Excessive worry, Fatigue or lack of energy, Feelings of hopelessness, Irritability, Lack of motivation, Low self-esteem. […] Women are almost twice as likely to experience depression as men. While moderate depression may be less severe, it does cause impairments in work, school, home, or social difficulties.

• #35 Depression Symptoms: Spot the Warning Signs of Depression

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs

  Women are more likely to experience symptoms such as pronounced feelings of guilt, excessive sleeping, overeating, and weight gain. […] Older adults tend to complain more about the physical rather than the emotional signs and symptoms: things like fatigue, unexplained aches and pains, and memory problems.

• #36 Depression – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/mood-disorders/depression

  Depression is a feeling of sadness and/or a decreased interest or pleasure in activities that becomes a disorder when it is intense enough to interfere with functioning. […] Depression can make people sad and sluggish and/or lose all interest and pleasure in activities they used to enjoy. […] Depression typically develops during a person’s mid teens, 20s, or 30s, although depression can begin at almost any age, including during childhood. […] An episode of depression, if untreated, typically lasts about 6 months but sometimes lasts for 2 years or more. Episodes tend to recur several times over a lifetime. […] Depression affects about 1 of every 6 older adults. […] Some causes of depression may be more common among older adults. […] In older adults, depression can cause symptoms that resemble those of dementia: slower thinking, decreased concentration, confusion, and difficulty remembering, rather than the sadness people tend to associate with depression.

• #37

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/depression

  Depressive disorder, or depression, is a common mental health condition that can happen to anyone. It is characterized by a low mood or loss of pleasure or interest in activities for long periods of time. […] Depressive episodes last most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks. People with depression may experience disturbed sleep and changes to their appetite. They may have feelings of low self-worth, thoughts about dying and hopelessness about the future. Tiredness and poor concentration are also common. […] In 2019, an estimated 280 million people, including 5% of all adults, experienced depression. […] Depression can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including performance at school, productivity at work, relationships with family, friends and community. […] People with depression are at increased risk of suicide.

• #38 Depression: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933

  Depression is a mental health condition that causes chronic feelings of emptiness, sadness, or an inability to feel pleasure. These feelings may seem to happen for no clear reason. […] Depression can undermine a persons relationships and make it very difficult for a person to work and maintain good health. In severe cases, depression may lead to suicide. […] Depression can affect adults, adolescents, and children. […] Depression is a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and loss of joy. It differs from the mood fluctuations that people regularly experience in life. […] Major life events, such as the death of a loved one or the loss of a job, can trigger depression. However, depression is distinct from the negative feelings a person may temporarily have in response to a difficult life event.

• #39 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  If you’re grieving it’s normal to have feelings of sadness. Some other symptoms of depression are rare with grief and bereavement, such as having suicidal thoughts, symptoms of psychosis and feeling hopeless or guilt-ridden. […] See a GP if you experience symptoms of depression for most of the day, every day, for more than 2 weeks.

• #40 Depression: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933

  Depression can persist despite a change of circumstances. It causes feelings that are intense, chronic, and not proportional to a persons circumstances. […] It is an ongoing problem, not a passing one. While there are multiple types of depression, the most common type is major depressive disorder (MDD), which involves episodes of symptoms that last at least 2 weeks. […] Depression can last for several weeks, months, or years. For many people, it is a chronic condition that gets better and then relapses. […] Depression can cause a range of psychological and physical symptoms, including persistent depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities, changes in appetite and body weight, loss of sexual desire, unusually slow or agitated movements, decreased energy or fatigue, difficulty sleeping or a tendency to oversleep, agitation, excessive feelings of guilt or worthlessness, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, thoughts of death or suicide or suicide attempts.

• #41 Depression – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression

  Depression (also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression) is different. It can cause severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. […] The symptoms range from mild to severe and can disrupt a persons ability to carry out everyday activities. It is linked to increased health care costs and other health conditions like heart disease and diabetes. It is also a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. […] We’re investigating ways to identify which treatment will work best for a specific person and tailor treatments based on a person’s unique characteristics and traits. Were supporting research to develop and test therapies for people with treatment-resistant depression who dont improve after trying multiple treatment options. We are also exploring new methods to prevent and treat depression and improve the delivery of care for people living with depression.

• #42 When Depression Co-occurs with ADHD – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/when-depression-co-occurs-with-adhd/

  For some people, depression and ADHD just happen to coexist, but for others, depression is a result of ADHD, with low self-esteem and a poor self-image caused by ongoing feelings of being overwhelmed by life due to ADHD symptoms. […] Part of treatment is to help them understand that it doesnt necessarily work that way, that sometimes it could be easier to do the job that you love to do, than the history paper that you might despise. […] At the same time, Dr. Olivardia says he often sees people who have been misdiagnosed with depression when, in fact, what they have is ADHD. The two conditions are often mistaken. […] One of the hallmarks of depression is a consistent loss of interest in activities the person once enjoyed. […] Its not just depression47 percent of people with an ADHD diagnosis also have an anxiety disorder.

• #43 Identifying anxiety, depression signs – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/addressing-your-mental-health-by-identifying-the-signs-of-anxiety-and-depression

  Anxiety and depressive disorders are common. These illnesses affect more than 40 million adults in the U.S., or about 18% of the population, every year. […] The most common depressive disorders include: Major depressive disorder This is a depressed mood that lasts for a two-week period. This could occur as a single or recurrent episode. […] Advanced signs of a major depressive disorder include: Feeling down or depressed most of the day, nearly every day. […] It’s common for those struggling with anxiety disorders to also struggle with depression or vice versa. Close to 10% of the world’s population suffers from anxiety and depression. […] An early warning sign for anxiety or depression occurs when someone begins avoiding things once enjoyed. […] Meanwhile, warning signs for depression include: Isolating oneself, Frequently thinking negative thoughts, Recurring feelings of sadness. […] Treatment for anxiety and depression: Medications and psychotherapy are effective for most people with depression and anxiety. Your primary care provider or psychiatrist can prescribe medications to relieve symptoms.

• #44 When Depression Co-occurs with ADHD – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/when-depression-co-occurs-with-adhd/

  Did you know that one in three people who have been diagnosed with ADHD also have depression or have experienced a depressive episode? Depression causes a person to feel sad, irritable, and empty, and lasts for an extended amount of time. […] Its estimated about 18.6 percent of adults are affected by both ADHD and depression. The symptoms of depression include the loss of interest in familiar activities, feeling tired a lot of the time, and experiencing unplanned changes in sleep and eating habits. Some people struggling with depression describe feeling numb to their own life, disconnected from others, and alone even when they are not. […] Sometimes with situations like bereavement, a breakup, or a job loss, it can snowball into a clinical depressive episode, says Roberto Olivardia, PhD, a clinical associate at McLean Hospital and lecturer in psychology at Harvard Medical School.

• #45 Depression in Adults: What Do Your Symptoms Mean?FooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/depression-in-adults-what-do-your-symptoms-mean/?srsltid=AfmBOorNRHGqg08qq9TJDdCTcDD78Tx3fDAsP0QCXwu-mEspb5lTLvlD

  Major depression is not a normal part of aging. It is a serious condition that, unfortunately, some adults are reluctant to discuss with their physicians. […] If the symptoms of depression last for two years or more, the condition is called dysthymia. […] If weeks-long depressive symptoms are followed and preceded by periods of “mania” that include increased energy and talking, decreased inhibitions and need for sleep, racing thoughts, and irritability, that could be a sign of bipolar mood disorder (BMD). […] Your clinician should consider an evaluation for BMD if any of the following exist alongside the manic symptoms described above: A history of bipolar disorder or chronic alcoholism in the family, “Leaden paralysis,” in which the person remains mentally sharp, but has so little energy that he feels like he is made of lead.

• #46 Depression

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/depression

  Not all people with depression have the same symptoms. Some people might have only a few symptoms, while others may have many. How often symptoms happen, how long they last, and how severe they are may be different for each person. […] Depression is linked to many health problems in women, including: Heart disease. People with heart disease are about twice as likely to have depression as people who don’t have heart disease. […] Studies show that 43% of adults with depression have obesity. […] Up to 1 in 4 people with cancer may also experience depression. […] Diagnosis of depression includes a mental health professional asking questions about your life, emotions, struggles, and symptoms. […] Your doctor or mental health professional may treat depression with therapy, medicine, or a combination of the two. […] If you have major depressive disorder and have tried at least 2 types of antidepressants but your symptoms are not getting better, you may have treatment-resistant depression. […] Depression is a serious mental illness that can be successfully treated with therapy and FDA-approved medicines.

• #47 Signs & Symptoms of Depression in Adults | Harbor Oaks Hospital

  https://www.harboroaks.com/depression/effects-symptoms-causes/

  Physical symptoms: Lethargy, Loss of energy, Change in sleep patterns (e.g. insomnia or hypersomnia), Headaches or migraines, Changes in appetite or weight, Unexplained aches and pains. […] Cognitive symptoms: Difficulty forming and storing memories, Problems concentrating, Inability to think clearly, Impaired decision-making abilities, Thoughts of suicide or death. […] Psychosocial symptoms: Overly critical of oneself, Anger, Self-loathing, Anxiety, Guilty feelings, Changes in temperament, Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, Increased irritability, Intense sadness. […] With proper treatment and support, the symptoms associated with depression can be managed. However, when left untreated these symptoms can take a tremendous toll on a persons life. […] The following are a variety of effects that can potentially occur if depression is not properly treated: Development of another mental health condition, Development of substance use disorder, Family conflicts, Relationship difficulties, Compromised immune system, Difficulties performing responsibilities at work, Weight gain, Multiple physical health concerns, Social isolation, Self-harming behaviors, Suicidal ideations, Suicide attempts. […] While depression can occur on its own, it more often than not occurs alongside another mental health disorder.

• #48 Depression: Screening and Diagnosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1015/p508.html

  Risk factors for late-life depression include female sex, social isolation, death of a spouse, being divorced or separated, lower socioeconomic status, comorbid general medical conditions, uncontrolled pain, insomnia, and cognitive and functional impairments. […] If left untreated, depression may lead to suicide. Persons with an affective disorder have a 0.5% to 4% increased lifetime risk of suicide compared with the general population. […] The incidence of depression is higher in patients with chronic medical conditions. A Canadian study demonstrated a 1.45 times greater risk of depression in these patients.

• #49 Depression

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/depression

  Not all people with depression have the same symptoms. Some people might have only a few symptoms, while others may have many. How often symptoms happen, how long they last, and how severe they are may be different for each person. […] Depression is linked to many health problems in women, including: Heart disease. People with heart disease are about twice as likely to have depression as people who don’t have heart disease. […] Studies show that 43% of adults with depression have obesity. […] Up to 1 in 4 people with cancer may also experience depression. […] Diagnosis of depression includes a mental health professional asking questions about your life, emotions, struggles, and symptoms. […] Your doctor or mental health professional may treat depression with therapy, medicine, or a combination of the two. […] If you have major depressive disorder and have tried at least 2 types of antidepressants but your symptoms are not getting better, you may have treatment-resistant depression. […] Depression is a serious mental illness that can be successfully treated with therapy and FDA-approved medicines.

• #50 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  For many people with depression, symptoms usually are severe enough to cause noticeable problems in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities or relationships with others. […] Depression often begins in the teens, 20s or 30s, but it can happen at any age. […] More women than men are diagnosed with depression, but this may be due in part because women are more likely to seek treatment. […] Depression is a serious disorder that can take a terrible toll on you and your family. […] Depression often gets worse if it isn’t treated, resulting in emotional, behavioral and health problems that affect every area of your life. […] Examples of complications associated with depression include: Excess weight or obesity, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes; Pain or physical illness; Alcohol or drug misuse; Anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia; Family conflicts, relationship difficulties, and work or school problems; Social isolation; Suicidal feelings, suicide attempts or suicide; Self-mutilation, such as cutting; Premature death from medical conditions.

• #51 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  For many people with depression, symptoms usually are severe enough to cause noticeable problems in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities or relationships with others. […] Depression often begins in the teens, 20s or 30s, but it can happen at any age. […] More women than men are diagnosed with depression, but this may be due in part because women are more likely to seek treatment. […] Depression is a serious disorder that can take a terrible toll on you and your family. […] Depression often gets worse if it isn’t treated, resulting in emotional, behavioral and health problems that affect every area of your life. […] Examples of complications associated with depression include: Excess weight or obesity, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes; Pain or physical illness; Alcohol or drug misuse; Anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia; Family conflicts, relationship difficulties, and work or school problems; Social isolation; Suicidal feelings, suicide attempts or suicide; Self-mutilation, such as cutting; Premature death from medical conditions.

• #52 Depression: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression

  To receive a diagnosis of depression, you must have five depression symptoms every day, nearly all day, for at least two weeks. […] Depression is one of the most treatable mental health conditions. Approximately 80% to 90% of people with depression who seek treatment eventually respond well to treatment. […] With proper diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of people with depression live healthy, fulfilling lives. Depression can return after you get treatment, though, so it’s important to seek medical help as soon as symptoms begin again. […] Without treatment, depression can: Become worse. […] Depression accounts for nearly 40,000 cases of suicide each year in the United States. It’s essential to get medical help as soon as possible if you’re having suicidal thoughts.

• #53 Utilization of PHQ-9 to Monitor Depression Symptoms for Adolescents and Adults (DMS-E) – NCQA

  https://www.ncqa.org/report-cards/health-plans/state-of-health-care-quality-report/utilization-of-phq-9-to-monitor-depression-symptoms-for-adolescents-and-adults-dms-e/

  Depression is also associated with other chronic medical conditions and increased morbidity and mortality. […] The mortality risk for suicide in depressed patients is more than 20-fold greater than in the general population. […] In adolescents, depression can also result in serious long-term morbidities such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, or lead to engagement in risky behaviors such as substance use. […] Adolescent-onset depression increases the risk of attempted suicide by five-fold, compared with nondepressed adolescents. […] Most adolescents who commit suicide—the third leading cause of death among 15-24 year-olds—have a previous history of depression. […] Depression has large effects on both health care costs and lost productivity. […] Adolescents with depression have higher medical expenditures, including those related to general and mental health care, than adolescents without a diagnosis of depression.

• #54 Depression: Screening and Diagnosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1015/p508.html

  Depression affects an estimated 8% of persons in the United States and accounts for more than $210 billion in health care costs annually. […] Major depression is one of the most common mental health disorders in the United States. Prevalence is estimated at 8% in persons 12 years and older. […] Depression is a major risk factor for suicide in older men, with suicide rates increasing with age in this population. […] Symptoms of depression are commonly known by the SIGECAPS mnemonic: sleep disorders (either increased or decreased sleep); interest deficit (anhedonia); guilt (worthlessness, hopelessness, regret); energy deficit; concentration deficit; appetite disorder (either decreased or increased); psychomotor retardation or agitation; and suicidality. Depressed mood and anhedonia are the two cardinal symptoms of depression.

• #55 Depression – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/mood-disorders/depression

  Thoughts of death are among the most serious symptoms of depression. […] Many people with depression want to die or feel they are so worthless that they should die. […] Depression may reduce the immune system’s ability to respond to foreign or dangerous invaders, such as microorganisms or cancer cells. […] Depression increases the risk of heart and blood vessel disorders (such as heart attacks) and stroke. […] A doctor is usually able to diagnose depression based on symptoms. […] A thorough neurologic examination is done to check for Parkinson disease, which causes some of the same symptoms. […] Treatment depends on the severity and type of depression: Mild depression: Support (including frequent doctor visits and education) and psychotherapy. […] Depression can usually be treated successfully.

• #56 Depression (mood) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)

  Depressed mood can be the result of a number of infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, neurological conditions, and physiological problems, including hypoandrogenism (in men), Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, pernicious anemia, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, celiac disease, chronic pain, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and HIV. […] Studies have found that anywhere from 30 to 85 percent of patients suffering from chronic pain are also clinically depressed. A 2014 study by Hooley et al. concluded that chronic pain increased the chance of death by suicide by two to three times. […] As many as 1/3 of stroke survivors will later develop post-stroke depression. Because strokes may cause damage to the parts of the brain involved in processing emotions, reward, and cognition, stroke may be considered a direct cause of depression.

• #57 Depression: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933

  Managing symptoms may involve one or more of the following components: Support, Psychotherapy, Drug treatment, Procedures. […] Antidepressants can help treat moderate to severe depression. […] Each type acts on a different neurotransmitter or combination of neurotransmitters. […] Depression can lead to changes in levels of neurotransmitters, which are molecules that transmit messages between nerve cells. In the long run, it may also cause physical changes to the brain, including reduced gray matter volume and increased inflammation. […] Depression can affect concentration and decision making. It may also reduce attention span and cause difficulty with information processing and memory. […] Depression is a serious, chronic medical condition that can affect every aspect of a persons life. When it causes suicidal thoughts, it can be fatal. […] People cannot think their way out of depression. Depression is not a personal failure or a sign of weakness. It is treatable, and seeking treatment early may increase the chances of recovery.

• #58 Depression: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933

  Managing symptoms may involve one or more of the following components: Support, Psychotherapy, Drug treatment, Procedures. […] Antidepressants can help treat moderate to severe depression. […] Each type acts on a different neurotransmitter or combination of neurotransmitters. […] Depression can lead to changes in levels of neurotransmitters, which are molecules that transmit messages between nerve cells. In the long run, it may also cause physical changes to the brain, including reduced gray matter volume and increased inflammation. […] Depression can affect concentration and decision making. It may also reduce attention span and cause difficulty with information processing and memory. […] Depression is a serious, chronic medical condition that can affect every aspect of a persons life. When it causes suicidal thoughts, it can be fatal. […] People cannot think their way out of depression. Depression is not a personal failure or a sign of weakness. It is treatable, and seeking treatment early may increase the chances of recovery.

• #59 Depression in older adults

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/depression-in-older-adults

  Dementia is a condition that affects your memory, language and behaviour, and mostly affects older people. It’s estimated that around 3 in every 10 people living with dementia are depressed. […] Feelings of depression are common in people with Parkinson’s disease. […] Loneliness is more common in people who have been widowed, have health problems or live alone. However, even people who have support from friends and family can experience loneliness. While being lonely is not the same as being depressed, older people who experience loneliness are also more likely to experience depression. […] When someone you care about dies, it is normal to experience feelings of grief, especially if the person who died was very close to you. You probably won’t ever completely get over the death of a loved one. However, if your feelings of grief continue to feel intense for a long time, or feel like they are getting worse, you might need professional help.

• #60 Clinical Depression Symptoms and Complications

  https://www.verywellmind.com/top-depression-symptoms-1066910

  Symptoms of anhedonia can be divided into the following two categories: Physical anhedonia and Social anhedonia. […] Another common sign of depression is a change in how much you eat. For some people, this means a loss of appetite. […] Feelings of sadness or worthlessness can also lead to overeating. […] Sleep disturbance is present in as many as 90% of people with depression. It can take the form of either difficulty sleeping (insomnia) or sleeping excessively (hypersomnia). […] Chronic feelings of fatigue can be a symptom of both persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder. […] Depression can put a negative spin on everything, including the way you see yourself. […] Excessive, inappropriate guilt and feelings of worthlessness are common symptoms of major depressive disorder.

• #61 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  During these episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day and may include: Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness; Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters; Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports; Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much; Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort; Reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food and weight gain; Anxiety, agitation or restlessness; Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements; Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame; Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things; Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide; Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches.

• #62

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including in the community and at home, work and school. […] A depressive episode can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the number and severity of symptoms, as well as the impact on the individuals functioning. […] Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. […] People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] There are effective treatments for depression. […] Psychological treatments are the first treatments for depression. […] Antidepressant medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine. […] Antidepressants should not be used for treating depression in children and are not the first line of treatment in adolescents, among whom they should be used with extra caution. […] Self-care can play an important role in managing symptoms of depression and promoting overall well-being. […] If you have thoughts of suicide: remember you are not alone, and that many people have gone through what you’re experiencing and found help.

• #63 Types of Depression & Symptoms | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/hmhi/conditions/mood-disorders/depression

  If these or other symptoms last more than two weeks or significantly interfere with your daily life, its time to call your doctor. […] There are many different types of depression. Some types are seasonal or occur in cycles, while others last all the time. Its important to receive an accurate diagnosis so your provider can treat you appropriately. […] Depression has many causes. It stems from genetic, psychological, and social issues. Even if your life circumstances appear ideal, you may still suffer from depression. […] Common risk factors for depression include: Genetics: Depression can run in families and be passed down between generations. Brain chemistry: Some peoples brains have slight differences in certain chemicals that make them more likely to experience symptoms of depression. Personality: If you have low self-esteem or a negative outlook on life in general, you are more likely to have clinical depression. Environmental: Exposure to violence, abuse, or poverty can increase the likelihood of depression. Negative experiences that happened a long time ago can also make you more likely to have depression later in life.

• #64 Depression in older adults

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/depression-in-older-adults

  Illnesses that affect the circulation of blood to the brain can make someone more likely to develop depression. These include heart disease, strokes, and high blood pressure or cholesterol. […] Depression is treatable. There are lots of different kinds of support available, and research has shown that these can be very effective. […] If you have tried helping yourself and are still struggling, or if your depression is moderate or severe, your GP might suggest a psychological therapy. […] Antidepressants are medications that can help to improve the symptoms of depression. You normally take them as a pill once a day. Your GP might prescribe you an antidepressant at the same time as a psychological therapy. […] Depression is more common in people who are in care homes. If you have depression and are in a care home, it is important that you receive the high standard of care that you are entitled to.

• #65 Depression (mood) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)

  Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity. It affects about 3.5% of the global population, or about 280 million people worldwide, as of 2020. Depression affects a person’s thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being. The pleasure or joy that a person gets from certain experiences is reduced, and the afflicted person often experiences a loss of motivation or interest in those activities. People with depression may experience sadness, feelings of dejection or hopelessness, difficulty in thinking and concentration, or a significant change in appetite or time spent sleeping; suicidal thoughts can also be experienced. […] Depression can have multiple, sometimes overlapping, origins. Depression can be a symptom of some mood disorders, some of which are also commonly called depression, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and dysthymia. Additionally, depression can be a normal temporary reaction to life events, such as the loss of a loved one. Depression is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments.

• #66

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including in the community and at home, work and school. […] A depressive episode can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the number and severity of symptoms, as well as the impact on the individuals functioning. […] Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. […] People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] There are effective treatments for depression. […] Psychological treatments are the first treatments for depression. […] Antidepressant medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine. […] Antidepressants should not be used for treating depression in children and are not the first line of treatment in adolescents, among whom they should be used with extra caution. […] Self-care can play an important role in managing symptoms of depression and promoting overall well-being. […] If you have thoughts of suicide: remember you are not alone, and that many people have gone through what you’re experiencing and found help.

• #67 Depression in older adults

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/depression-in-older-adults

  Depression can be mild, moderate or severe, and depending on the severity of your depression you might have different symptoms. It might not be obvious straight away that you or someone else is experiencing depression. […] Most of us have some of these feelings from time to time. However, it’s important to ask for help if: you experience a lot of these feelings; the feelings go on for more than a couple of weeks; the feelings start to affect lots of areas of your life; you feel that life is not worth living. […] There are lots of reasons why people develop depression, such as difficult life experiences, physical health problems and genetic factors. […] Older people are more likely to be diagnosed with one or more long-term health conditions. Research has shown that this can make people more likely to develop depression.

• #68 Depression in adults

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/depression

  Most people will not experience all of these, and some people may only be aware of physical symptoms. You may think that you have a physical illness because you feel very tired or have problems with sleep, but physical symptoms like these can be the first sign of depression. […] You may need to seek help if you or a friend or partner notice that: Your feelings of depression affect your work, interests and feelings towards your family and friends; Your feelings of depression have been going on for a while and don’t seem to get any better; You find yourself feeling that life is not worth living, or that other people would be better off without you. […] Depression can be triggered by a stressful or distressing event, such as a bereavement, relationship breakdown, or losing a job. […] Physical health problems, particularly those that are serious or long-term, can cause depression or make it worse.

• #69 Depression: Screening and Diagnosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1015/p508.html

  Risk factors for late-life depression include female sex, social isolation, death of a spouse, being divorced or separated, lower socioeconomic status, comorbid general medical conditions, uncontrolled pain, insomnia, and cognitive and functional impairments. […] If left untreated, depression may lead to suicide. Persons with an affective disorder have a 0.5% to 4% increased lifetime risk of suicide compared with the general population. […] The incidence of depression is higher in patients with chronic medical conditions. A Canadian study demonstrated a 1.45 times greater risk of depression in these patients.

• #70 Depression in adults

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/depression

  Some people may be more vulnerable to depression than others. This may be because of difficult childhood experiences or trauma, which can include abuse (physical, sexual or psychological), neglect, witnessing violence or a traumatic event, or an unstable family environment. […] Regular heavy drinking or using drugs like cannabis can make you more likely to become depressed in the long-term. […] If you are experiencing depression for the first time, you won’t normally be offered an antidepressant. […] If your depression is moderate or severe or goes on for a long time, your doctor may suggest a course of antidepressants, usually one that is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). […] If your depression doesn’t improve after receiving treatment through your GP and you need more specialist help, you may be referred to a specialist mental health service or team. […] Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT for short) is mostly used as a treatment for severe depression if the person’s life is at risk and they need urgent treatment.

• #71 Association between long-term sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-55898-6

  However, recent surveys suggest that the incidence of depressive symptoms in U.S. adults is increasing. […] Given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and its significant impact on quality of life, it is imperative to identify the risk factors that contribute to its development and implement effective intervention measures. […] The duration of 10 h has been widely acknowledged as a critical threshold for Long-term sedentary behavior (LTSB). […] Prolonged sedentary behavior exceeding 10 h can have detrimental effects on human health. […] Therefore, it has started to recognize the impact of LTSB as an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms. […] This study identified a direct association between prolonged sedentary duration and an increased risk of depressive symptoms, indicating that LTSB serves as a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms.

• #72 Moderate Depression: Symptoms, Treatment, and Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-moderate-depression-5072794

  There is no single thing that causes depression. In reality, there are a number of factors that are thought to contribute to the onset of depression. […] Moderately severe depression may be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two. […] Regular physical activity has been shown to help prevent and treat depression. Studies have even shown that exercise can be an effective first-line treatment in cases of mild to moderate depression. […] Stress can contribute to and worsen symptoms of moderately severe depression, so finding ways to relax and manage your stress levels can be helpful. […] Practicing good self-care can be helpful when coping with symptoms of depression.

• #73 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  There’s no sure way to prevent depression. However, these strategies may help: Take steps to control stress, to increase your resilience and boost your self-esteem; Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you weather rough spells; Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent depression from worsening; Consider getting long-term maintenance treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #74 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  If you’re grieving it’s normal to have feelings of sadness. Some other symptoms of depression are rare with grief and bereavement, such as having suicidal thoughts, symptoms of psychosis and feeling hopeless or guilt-ridden. […] See a GP if you experience symptoms of depression for most of the day, every day, for more than 2 weeks.

• #75 Overview – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/overview/

  Depression affects people in different ways and can cause a wide variety of symptoms. […] They range from lasting feelings of unhappiness and hopelessness, to losing interest in the things you used to enjoy and feeling very tearful. Many people with depression also have symptoms of anxiety. […] There can be physical symptoms too, such as feeling constantly tired, sleeping badly, having no appetite or sex drive, and various aches and pains. […] The symptoms of depression range from mild to severe. At its mildest, you may simply feel persistently low in spirit, while severe depression can make you feel suicidal, that life is no longer worth living. […] Many people wait a long time before seeking help for depression, but it’s best not to delay. The sooner you see a doctor, the sooner you can be on the way to recovery.

• #76 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  ECT is a medical treatment that is generally reserved for those with severe depressive episodes who have not responded to other treatments. […] There are a number of things people can do to help reduce the symptoms of depression. For many people, regular exercise helps create positive feeling and improves mood. […] Depression is a real illness and help is available. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of people with depression will overcome it. If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, a first step is to see your family physician or psychiatrist. Talk about your concerns and request a thorough evaluation.

• #77 Depression and Older Adults | National Institute on Aging

  https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/mental-and-emotional-health/depression-and-older-adults

  Depression, also known as major depression, major depressive disorder, or clinical depression, is a serious mood disorder. It can affect the way you feel, act, and think. Depression is a common problem among older adults, but it is not a normal part of aging. In fact, most older adults feel satisfied with their lives, despite often having more illnesses or physical challenges than younger people. […] The signs and symptoms of depression can look different, depending on the person and their cultural background. People from different cultures may express emotions, moods, and mood disorders including depression in different ways. In some cultures, depression may be displayed primarily as physical symptoms, such as aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems. […] The following are common symptoms of depression in older adults. Because individuals can experience depression differently, there may be other symptoms not listed below. Persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood. Feelings of hopelessness, guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness. Irritability, restlessness, or having trouble sitting still. Loss of interest in once pleasurable activities, including sex. Decreased energy or fatigue. Moving or talking more slowly. Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Ignoring important roles in life, such as responsibilities with work or family. Difficulty sleeping, waking up too early in the morning, or oversleeping. Eating more or less than usual, usually accompanied by unintended weight gain or loss. Increased use of alcohol or drugs, or engagement in high-risk activities. Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts. […] If you have several of these signs and symptoms and they last for more than two weeks, talk with your doctor. These could be signs of depression or another health condition. Don’t ignore the warning signs help is available. If left untreated, serious depression may lead to death by suicide.

• #78 Is Depression Common in Seniors?

  https://www.ncoa.org/article/how-common-is-depression-in-older-adults/

  Depression can be harder to detect and diagnose in seniors, since it often shows up differently in older age groups compared to younger ones. […] While depression can have a profound impact on your quality of life, this condition is highly treatable even if it’s severe. […] If you think you may have depression, start by making an appointment with your health care provider. […] There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment for depression in older adults, but treatment approaches may include: Antidepressant medications; Counseling; Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). […] In general, depression can’t be prevented. However, there are steps you can take to help boost your mental wellness and emotional resilience. […] Many people believe that seeking treatment for depression is a sign of weakness or failure. […] Just as you’d treat diabetes and hypertension, clinical depression requires medical intervention. […] The good news is that once your depression is properly treated, you can quickly regain your quality of life and even cognitive abilities you might have lost.

• #79 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  A diagnosis of depression requires that the above symptoms occur for most of the day, nearly every day, for more than two weeks, along with a clear change in day-to-day functioning (e.g., in work/school performance, personal relationships, and hobbies). […] Depression is among the most treatable of mental disorders. Between 70% and 90% percent of people with depression eventually respond well to treatment. […] To diagnose depression, a healthcare professional will conduct a thorough diagnostic evaluation that includes a comprehensive interview to discuss your symptoms in addition to your personal, medical and family histories. […] Medication may be recommended. These medications are not sedatives, uppers or tranquilizers. They are not addictive. […] Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is also often recommended. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), one of the most common forms of psychotherapy, has been found to be effective in treating depression.

• #80 Overview – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/overview/

  Treatment for depression can involve a combination of lifestyle changes, talking therapies and medicine. Your recommended treatment will be based on how severe your depression is. […] For moderate to severe depression, a combination of talking therapy and antidepressants is often recommended. If you have severe depression, you may be referred to a specialist mental health team for intensive specialist talking treatments and prescribed medicine.

• #81 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  A diagnosis of depression requires that the above symptoms occur for most of the day, nearly every day, for more than two weeks, along with a clear change in day-to-day functioning (e.g., in work/school performance, personal relationships, and hobbies). […] Depression is among the most treatable of mental disorders. Between 70% and 90% percent of people with depression eventually respond well to treatment. […] To diagnose depression, a healthcare professional will conduct a thorough diagnostic evaluation that includes a comprehensive interview to discuss your symptoms in addition to your personal, medical and family histories. […] Medication may be recommended. These medications are not sedatives, uppers or tranquilizers. They are not addictive. […] Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is also often recommended. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), one of the most common forms of psychotherapy, has been found to be effective in treating depression.

• #82

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including in the community and at home, work and school. […] A depressive episode can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the number and severity of symptoms, as well as the impact on the individuals functioning. […] Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. […] People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] There are effective treatments for depression. […] Psychological treatments are the first treatments for depression. […] Antidepressant medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine. […] Antidepressants should not be used for treating depression in children and are not the first line of treatment in adolescents, among whom they should be used with extra caution. […] Self-care can play an important role in managing symptoms of depression and promoting overall well-being. […] If you have thoughts of suicide: remember you are not alone, and that many people have gone through what you’re experiencing and found help.

• #83 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  ECT is a medical treatment that is generally reserved for those with severe depressive episodes who have not responded to other treatments. […] There are a number of things people can do to help reduce the symptoms of depression. For many people, regular exercise helps create positive feeling and improves mood. […] Depression is a real illness and help is available. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of people with depression will overcome it. If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, a first step is to see your family physician or psychiatrist. Talk about your concerns and request a thorough evaluation.

• #84

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including in the community and at home, work and school. […] A depressive episode can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the number and severity of symptoms, as well as the impact on the individuals functioning. […] Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. […] People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] There are effective treatments for depression. […] Psychological treatments are the first treatments for depression. […] Antidepressant medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine. […] Antidepressants should not be used for treating depression in children and are not the first line of treatment in adolescents, among whom they should be used with extra caution. […] Self-care can play an important role in managing symptoms of depression and promoting overall well-being. […] If you have thoughts of suicide: remember you are not alone, and that many people have gone through what you’re experiencing and found help.

• #85 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356013

  Symptoms caused by major depression can vary from person to person. […] Medications and psychotherapy are effective for most people with depression. […] If you have severe depression, you may need a hospital stay, or you may need to participate in an outpatient treatment program until your symptoms improve. […] Many types of antidepressants are available, including those below. […] Don’t stop taking an antidepressant without talking to your doctor first. […] Stopping treatment abruptly or missing several doses can cause withdrawal-like symptoms, and quitting suddenly may cause a sudden worsening of depression. […] Psychotherapy is a general term for treating depression by talking about your condition and related issues with a mental health professional. […] In some people, depression is so severe that a hospital stay is needed. […] For some people, other procedures, sometimes called brain stimulation therapies, may be suggested. […] Relying solely on these therapies is generally not enough to treat depression.

• #86 Overview – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/overview/

  Treatment for depression can involve a combination of lifestyle changes, talking therapies and medicine. Your recommended treatment will be based on how severe your depression is. […] For moderate to severe depression, a combination of talking therapy and antidepressants is often recommended. If you have severe depression, you may be referred to a specialist mental health team for intensive specialist talking treatments and prescribed medicine.

• #87 Depression: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html

  If you think you have depression, talk to your health care provider or a mental health provider. To be diagnosed with depression, your provider may use many tools: A medical history will include asking about your symptoms and family history. To be diagnosed with depression, your symptoms must occur most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks. One of the symptoms must be a depressed mood or a loss of interest in most activities. […] Depression may need long-term treatment. Most treatments include medicines and/or psychotherapy (talk therapy): Medicines such as antidepressants may help control your symptoms. You may need to try several medicines to find which works best for you. Medicine may take time to work and can have side effects. Don’t stop taking your medicine without first talking with your provider. […] If you, or someone you love is depressed, see your provider or a mental health provider. It’s important to get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem.

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