Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] Possible biological mechanisms with published evidence include the effects on nutrient levels, genetic vulnerability, and changes in electroencephalographic beta-band power.

• #2 FAB: Arnold et al 2012 – Artificial food colors and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms: conclusions to dye for

  https://library.fabresearch.org/viewItem.php?id=9653

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] Possible biological mechanisms with published evidence include the effects on nutrient levels, genetic vulnerability, and changes in electroencephalographic beta-band power.

• #3 Artificial Food Colors and – ProQuest

  https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/artificial-food-colors-attention-deficit/docview/1411121746/se-2

  Abstract The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on childrens behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] Possible biological mechanisms with published evidence include the effects on nutrient levels, genetic vulnerability, and changes in electroencephalographic beta-band power.

• #4 Food Coloring and Mental Health: Is There A Link?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/food-coloring-and-mental-health

  In recent years, there have been many questions and debates surrounding food dye and its role in hyperactivity and behavioral changes in children. […] According to a study conducted in the UK that investigated the behavioral effects of artificial food dyes and sodium benzoate (a preservative), when certain combinations of additives were put into the same food item, hyperactivity would increase in both preschool-aged and school-aged children. […] Many theories may explain how artificial food dyes may influence behavior: Researchers have indicated that artificial dyes cause neurotransmitter disruption. This means that they interfere with the chemical signaling of the brain to affect mood and attention span. […] For decades, the potential connection between food dyes and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been a topic of heated debate. […] Many experts have agreed that removing food dye from a child’s diet may help reduce the symptoms of ADHD. However, it has been deduced that it is unlikely to be the primary cause of the disorder.

• #5 Food dyes linked to attention and activity problems in children – EHN

  https://www.ehn.org/food-dyes-children-health-2652857895.html

  Synthetic dyes used as colorants in many common foods and drinks can negatively affect attention and activity in children, according to a comprehensive review of existing evidence published this month by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). […] Food dyes in products such as breakfast cereals, juice and soft drinks, frozen dairy desserts, candies, and icings were linked to adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children including inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness. […] Mechanistic studies reviewed by Miller and the report’s other authors reveal that food dyes may impact behavior through a variety of pathways including neurotransmitters, hormones, and oxidative stress.

• #6 Color Additives in Food Connected to ADHD in Children

  https://www.ambrosiatc.com/adhd-caused-by-food-coloring-additives/

  Food Color Additives Linked to ADHD in Children and Teens. Ambrosia is Treating Them. […] Among these additives, colorants are frequently scrutinized for their potential impact on behavioral issues, including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). […] Several studies have investigated the association between food color additives and behavioral issues in children, including ADHD symptoms. […] The study concluded that a mixture of these substances was linked to increased hyperactivity in children aged three and eight. […] A meta-analysis conducted in 2019 reaffirmed the link between artificial color additives and increased ADHD symptoms, suggesting that such additives could exacerbate existing behavioral issues in sensitive children. […] While the exact mechanisms by which color additives influence behavior remain unclear, several hypotheses have emerged.

• #7 Color Additives in Food Connected to ADHD in Children

  https://www.ambrosiatc.com/adhd-caused-by-food-coloring-additives/

  These include potential allergic reactions, dysregulation of neurotransmitters, or alteration of gut microbiota, all of which may contribute to heightened hyperactivity and inattention. […] One theory posits that certain colorants provoke an immune response or trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals, leading to changes in mood and behavior. […] Another proposition is based on the idea that food additives can influence neurotransmitter levels, particularly dopamine, which plays a crucial role in attention and mood regulation. […] Furthermore, emerging research highlights the gut-brain axis, suggesting that additives may alter gut microbiota composition, which in turn can affect neurological functioning and behavior. […] The potential connection between food color additives and ADHD has significant public health implications.

• #8

  https://medium.com/@isa.buit.spam/how-do-artificial-food-dyes-affect-behavior-in-children-942cea5ad1d7

  There may be a connection between the onset and worsening of ADHD and the usage of artificial food coloring. […] The presence of blue artificial food coloring, among other types of artificial colorings, has been discovered to negatively affect the behavior of children. […] This supports the idea that these additives may have a hand in causing or worsening the symptoms of ADHD. […] Research indicates that colors including chemicals may alter levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, which are important for regulating attention span and reducing impulsive behavior, among other things. […] People with ADHD may also be impacted by AFCs capacity to change bodily trace element levels, such as zinc and manganese, as these elements are involved in the synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS).

• #9 How food dye can affect children | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/mental-health/food-dye

  You might have wondered why your son or daughter became hyper and irritable after having a blue sports drink or eating a colorfully iced cookie or piece of cake. […] Food dyes can make some children and teens hyperactive and moody or irritable, according to available research. […] Though food dyes dont cause disorders such as anxiety or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), they could make those conditions worse. […] Food dyes and some other additives are a public health concern. Even children and young adults without a mental health condition could become agitated after having food dye. […] Food dyes can make ADHD symptoms worse. […] Children who have a pattern of being angry, irritable and defying parents and other people in authority can experience more of those behaviors after having food or drinks with artificial dyes. […] Bacteria in your gut can affect your mood and anxiety, and food dyes could affect how bacteria in the gut function, making anxiety worse.

• #10

  https://medium.com/@isa.buit.spam/how-do-artificial-food-dyes-affect-behavior-in-children-942cea5ad1d7

  Consuming AFCs that raise the bodys manganese levels may lower dopamine levels and exacerbate symptoms of ADHD because the trace element manganese inhibits the capacity of enzymes to regulate dopamine levels. […] The complex relationship that exists between AFCs, trace elements, and symptoms of ADHD emphasizes how dietary decisions may affect neurobiology. […] To completely understand these linkages and their possible therapeutic outcomes, more research is required.

• #11 FAB: Artificial Food Colourings – Research

  https://library.fabresearch.org/viewItem.php?id=14912

  Artificial food colors and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms: conclusions to dye for […] Food colourings, preservatives, and hyperactivity […] Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial […] Artificial food colours and hyperactivity: A meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials […] Artificial food colourings and benzoate preservatives – effects on hyperactivity in a general population sample of pre-school children: a controlled trial […] Foods and additives are common causes of ADHD in children […] The Influence of the Chemical Additive Tartrazine on the Zinc Status of Hyperactive Children a Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study […] A double-blind assessment of additive intolerance in children […] Synthetic food colourings and 'hyperactivity’: a double-blind crossover study […] Effects of artificial food colorings in children with hyperactive symptoms.

• #12 Navigating Food Additives and ADHD | The Key Clinic

  https://www.thekeyclinic.co.uk/news-blog/navigating-food-additives-understanding-which-e-numbers-may-affect-adhd

  The exact mechanisms through which these E numbers could influence ADHD symptoms aren’t fully understood. However, researchers propose several potential pathways: Immune Response: Some additives can trigger allergic reactions or sensitivities, leading to systemic responses that affect mood and behaviour. […] Neurotransmitter Disruption: Certain additives might impact neurotransmitter balance, influencing chemicals like dopamine and serotonin that play crucial roles in attention and behaviour. […] Oxidative Stress: Artificial additives might increase oxidative stress in the brain, leading to cellular damage and potentially affecting brain function. […] Inflammation: Food additives can contribute to inflammation, which can disrupt brain function and behaviour. […] While avoiding certain E numbers may be beneficial for some individuals with ADHD, it’s essential to recognise that dietary changes alone may not fully alleviate symptoms.

• #12 Navigating Food Additives and ADHD | The Key Clinic

  https://www.thekeyclinic.co.uk/news-blog/navigating-food-additives-understanding-which-e-numbers-may-affect-adhd

  Tartrazine, also known as FDC Yellow No. 5 in the United States, is a synthetic dye commonly used in foods like soft drinks, candy, and baked goods. Several studies have suggested a link between tartrazine and increased hyperactivity in children, with some research indicating that it can exacerbate ADHD symptoms. […] Sunset Yellow FCF, or FDC Yellow No. 6, is another synthetic dye used in processed foods like desserts, snacks, and beverages. This additive has been studied for its potential link to hyperactivity and ADHD symptoms in children. […] Azorubine, known as FDC Red No. 3 in the United States, is used in foods, beverages, and medications. While there is less research specifically linking this dye to ADHD symptoms, some studies have found an association between synthetic dyes like azorubine and increased hyperactivity in children.

• #13 The Color of Controversy

  https://www.sciencenews.org/article/color-controversy

  The most recent government attention came in March, when an FDA advisory panel made up of scientists, consumers and industry representatives held a two-day hearing to try to determine whether food dyes cause hyperactivity in children. […] Still, many scientists say studies are strong enough to warrant some kind of government action. […] Three decades of studies since then have accumulated evidence linking food dyes to an exacerbation of hyperactivity. […] The results, published in 2007 in the Lancet, lend strong support for the case that food additives exacerbate hyperactive behaviors, the researchers write. […] Newer research suggests that dyes trigger the release of histamines, which are part of the body’s immune system. […] If there’s any chance at all there’s a problem, this should be addressed, she says.

• #14 Is red dye causing health problems in children? The FDA is facing growing pressure to

  https://www.speakupwny.com/forums/showthread.php/1381847-Is-red-dye-causing-health-problems-in-children-The-FDA-is-facing-growing-pressure-to

  Red dye, a food additive that many scientists say is dangerous, has been banned in California and some countries. „It has been shown, not only in cosmetics starting in the 90s, shown cancer-causing effects but it also causes hyperactivity, especially in children, restlessness and all the things that cause ADHD,” said Dr. Sarah Mathis. […] Dr. Mathis said red dye 40 and other dyes should also be banned. She explained „Thing with red 5 and yellow 6… those have all been known to show a lot of that hyperactivity, behavioral changes, mood changes, especially in children.” […] Dr. Mathis said some people are allergic to red dye and, „in addition to regular allergy symptoms of potentially getting hives or trouble breathing or skin breaking out in some other weird way, you will get more of those neurological or behavioral changes.”

• #15

  https://cen.acs.org/articles/89/i16/Food-Dye-Debate-Resurfaces.html

  Dozens of studies, including the Southampton study, provide evidence that behavioral effects can occur in some children exposed to mixtures of dyes. […] One artificial food dye in particular—Blue No. 1—grabbed the committees attention because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. […] Other research needs highlighted include establishing a dose-response relationship for each dye, revealing the underlying mechanism that leads to behavioral effects from dyes, and developing standards for measuring behavioral changes in children. […] After more than 30 years of debating whether food dyes cause behavioral problems, we dont have the quality of data that we would like.

• #15

  https://cen.acs.org/articles/89/i16/Food-Dye-Debate-Resurfaces.html

  A potential link between exposure to artificial food dyes and behavioral problems in kids has many people alarmed. […] Despite compelling anecdotal evidence from people who claimed that their behavior or their childrens behavior has been adversely affected by particular food dyes, the committee concluded that the scientific evidence is inadequate to support a link between synthetic food dyes and behavioral problems, such as hyperactivity. […] The committee identified several key gaps in the existing studies, including poor exposure and usage estimates for food dyes, the absence of behavioral effects data on individual dyes, and the lack of dose-response relationships and chemical mechanisms for the behavioral effects of food dyes. […] There is inadequate evidence to suggest that food dyes cause such effects, but there is also inadequate evidence to suggest that they dont.

• #16 The Colorful Truth: Food Dyes, Neurological Disorders, and Behavior – Intermountain Center for Wellbeing

  https://intermountaincenterforwellbeing.com/the-colorful-truth-food-dyes-neurological-disorders-and-behavior/

  The vibrant colors that adorn many of our favorite processed foods may seem harmless, even enticing, but lurking within them are artificial food dyes that have raised concerns about their impact on our health. […] Emerging research suggests a potential link between these synthetic additives, neurological disorders, and behavior. […] Some studies have suggested a potential link between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity, particularly in children. Children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may exhibit worsened symptoms when consuming products containing food dyes. […] While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, there is evidence to suggest that food dyes may influence mood and behavior, especially in children. […] The mechanism by which food dyes might affect neurological function and behavior is still under investigation. One theory is that some individuals may have a sensitivity or intolerance to these dyes, leading to the observed behavioral changes. […] Additionally, food dyes can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially affecting brain function. […] The relationship between artificial food dyes, neurological disorders, and behavior remains a topic of ongoing research and debate.

• #17 Are Food Dyes Bad For Your Health?

  https://zoe.com/learn/truth-about-food-dyes

  In the 1970s, scientists spotted links between artificial colors and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Some people believed that these compounds might even cause ADHD. […] However, later studies and updated analyses didn’t identify such a strong or convincing effect but concluded that some children with ADHD might be sensitive to food dyes. […] Other researchers still believe that artificial colors may influence children’s behavior, whether they have an ADHD diagnosis or not. […] And some scientists think that certain children might be more genetically susceptible to food dyes. […] The fact that some might be susceptible while others aren’t could help explain why studies haven’t consistently demonstrated an effect. […] The EFSA also has some concerns about some food dyes used in the U.S. Yellow No. 6 is a fairly common food colorant in the country.

• #18 Are Food Dyes Bad For Your Health? | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/112745

  „These children may represent a particularly susceptible subgroup based on genetic factors and may explain some of the inconsistencies in studies failing to account for this factor,” OEHHA report authors wrote. […] „It might be that cognitive behavioral effects are kind of the tip of the iceberg. There may be other things going on underneath that are deleterious to health” — including potential carcinogenicity. […] „One thing to keep in mind is that, though other food additives like preservatives serve an economic and health purpose (i.e. preventing food spoilage and poisoning), artificial food dyes do not provide benefit aside from making food look more attractive.”

• #19 Food Dye and ADHD: Food Coloring, Sugar, and Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/food-dye-adhd

  For more than 30 years, scientists have examined the relationship between food coloring and hyperactive behavior in children, but with mixed results. To date, no conclusive evidence has been found to show that food coloring causes ADHD. Some studies, though, have suggested an association between the two. Most likely, ADHD is caused by the combination of changes in brain structure, environmental factors, and heredity. […] A study of nearly 300 children by the United Kingdoms Food Standards Agency in 2007 showed that the consumption of foods containing dyes could increase hyperactive behavior in children. […] The researchers found that hyperactive behavior by the 8- and 9-year-olds increased with both the mixtures containing artificial coloring additives. They concluded that the results show an adverse effect on behavior after consumption of the food dyes.

• #20 The Side Effects of Artificial Food Coloring and Dyes: Cancer and ADHD

  https://nutritionfacts.org/video/the-side-effects-of-artificial-food-coloring-and-dyes-cancer-and-adhd/

  Excluding artificial food colors from childrens diets can improve ADHD symptoms. […] Hyperactivity in preschoolers was reduced significantly when artificial colorings and the preservative sodium benzoate were eliminated from their diets. […] The researchers suggest that benefit would accrue for all children if they didnt consume artificial food colors or benzoate preservatives. […] This time, researchers found that artificial colors and other food additives in processed foods appeared to exacerbate hyperactive behaviorsinattention, impulsivity, and overactivityamong young children, with more pronounced effects in three-year-olds relative to eight-or nine-year-olds. […] In a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for dietary interventions for ADHD, excluding artificial food colors from the diet significantly improved behavior.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/Fulltext/2004/12000/Do_Artificial_Food_Colors_Promote_Hyperactivity_in.7.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cjrnldbp:2004:12000:00007%7C%7C

  Burgeoning estimates of the prevalence of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) raise the possibility of a widespread risk factor. We seek to assess whether artificial food colorings (AFCs) contribute to the behavioral symptomatology of hyperactive syndromes. […] Meta-analytic modeling determined the overall effect size of AFCs on hyperactivity to be 0.283 (95% CI, 0.079 to 0.488), falling to 0.210 (95% CI, 0.007 to 0.414) when the smallest and lowest quality trials were excluded. […] Despite indications of publication bias and other limitations, this study is consistent with accumulating evidence that neurobehavioral toxicity may characterize a variety of widely distributed chemicals. Improvement in the identification of responders is required before strong clinical recommendations can be made.

• #22 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9052604/

  Concern that synthetic food dyes may impact behavior in children prompted a review by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). […] Together, the human clinical trials and animal toxicology literature support an association between synthetic food dyes and behavioral impacts in children. […] The current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intakes are based on older studies that were not designed to assess the types of behavioral effects observed in children. […] There is a need to re-evaluate exposure in children and for additional research to provide a more complete database for establishing ADIs protective of neurobehavioral effects. […] Current evidence from studies in humans, largely from controlled exposure studies in children, supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders.

• #23 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children. […] While awaiting the results of such further research, the following conclusions seem reasonable: AFCs are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The deleterious effect does not appear to be confined to ADHD (a general effect has been replicated). Therefore AFCs may be more a general public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] A small deleterious effect regardless of diagnosis was replicated and a possible mechanism (related to histamine genes) identified.

• #24 Food Dyes and ADHD | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/helping-kids-through-adhd/202002/food-dyes-and-adhd

  An enduring controversy in the ADHD world is the role of diet and, in particular, synthetic food dyes. […] In 2011, the FDA reviewed the evidence, and although they admitted that some children are sensitive to food dyes and that this may exacerbate ADHD symptoms, they opted not to take any action. […] Overall, we confirmed that food dyes increase ADHD symptoms somewhat. […] This suggests that to the extent that food dyes affect ADHD symptoms, this is a public health concern that is not ADHD-specific. […] The important effect on objective tests of attention was compellingnot explainable by publication bias or rater bias, and restricted to FDA colors in the U.S. the effect held. […] My own view is that food dyes are not proven safe for children, and certainly may increase symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity. For some children, this may be one too many challenges to their nervous system and contribute to ADHD symptoms.

• #25 New report shows artificial food coloring causes hyperactivity in some kids | UC Berkeley Public Health

  https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/news-media/research-highlights/new-report-shows-artificial-food-coloring-causes-hyperactivity-in-some-kids

  A report released in April 2021 by the state of California with contributors from UC Berkeley and UC Davis confirmed the long-suspected belief that the consumption of synthetic food dyes can cause hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues for some children. […] Evidence shows that synthetic food dyes are associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in some children, said OEHHA Director Lauren Zeise. […] Researchers found that all of the FDA’s Acceptable Daily Intake levels (ADIs) for synthetic food dyes are based on 35- to 70-year-old studies that were not designed to detect the types of behavioral effects that have been observed in children. Comparisons with newer studies indicate that the current ADIs may not adequately protect children from behavioral effects.

• #26 Food colours and hyperactivity

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/food-colours-and-hyperactivity/

  Research has found a possible link between certain artificial colours used in food and problems with hyperactivity in children. […] According to research funded by the Food Standards Agency, the 6 food colours most closely linked to hyperactivity in children are: E102 (tartrazine), E104 (quinoline yellow), E110 (sunset yellow FCF), E122 (carmoisine), E124 (ponceau 4R), E129 (allura red). […] If your child is hyperactive, or has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there’s some evidence to suggest that avoiding these 6 food colours may help. […] the link between food colours and hyperactivity is not completely certain; more research is needed to confirm it.

• #27 Is food coloring bad for you?

  https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/is-food-coloring-bad-3561219/

  In general, the primary health concerns that have been questioned with certain food dyes are an increased risk of cancer, allergic reactions and behavioral problems such as hyperactivity among children. […] In terms of hyperactivity concerns, California’s Environmental Protection Agency published a report in August of 2020 stating that certain children exposed to synthetic food dyes may be more likely to show signs of behavioral problems, including inattentiveness, hyperactivity and restlessness. According to the report, Red No. 3, Red No. 40 and Yellow No. 5 showed the strongest associations with behavioral effects in children, as compared to other artificial dyes. […] In a report published in August of 2020, California’s Environmental Protection Agency found that certain children exposed to synthetic food dyes may be more likely to exhibit behavioral problems, including inattentiveness, hyperactivity and restlessness. Red No. 3 (along with Red No. 40 and Yellow No. 5) showed the strongest associations with behavioral effects in children, compared to other artificial dyes.

• #28 Yellow 5 Food Dye: What Is It, and How Can It Affect Your Health?

  https://www.webmd.com/diet/what-to-know-yellow-5-food-dye

  In the 1920s, there was some controversy about whether or not tartrazine had negative effects on the health of children. Some people claimed it caused hyperactivity. But it wasn’t until 1973 when these concerns started gaining attention in the scientific field. Research suggested that certain food additives, including salicylates, caused learning problems in children. […] Further research failed to prove these claims. In 2004, an attempt to demonstrate the correlation between tartrazine exposure and hyperactivity failed to provide conclusive results once again. […] The Food Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization conducted safety studies to test tartrazine in 2017. They concluded that occasional exposure to this food dye doesn’t represent a significant health concern in children or adults.

• #29 Food Dyes and Behavior in Kids: A Dietitian shares everything you need to know – Sarah Remmer, RD

  https://www.sarahremmer.com/food-dyes-and-behavior-in-kids/

  Research does show a general (but vague) connection between artificial food dyes and adverse behavioral outcomes in children. […] Nevertheless, there are a handful of studies focused on examining the effects of Yellow No. 5 (Tartrazine) alone on children’s behavior, which provide evidence that, when administered at a sufficiently high dose, it may be linked to ADHD-like behaviors in genetically susceptible children. […] Studies conducted on rats and mice offer evidence that artificial food dyes, including Red No.3, Red No. 40, Yellow No.5, and Yellow No.6, may lead to temporary cognitive and behavioral effects such as changes in activity level (eg. restlessness), impacted memory, and struggles with learning. […] Artificial food dyes consumed on occasion, and in small amounts, pose little risk for behavioral problems in most children.

• #30 Are Food Dyes Bad For Your Health?

  https://zoe.com/learn/truth-about-food-dyes

  It’s not banned in the E.U., but if manufacturers there use Yellow No. 6, they have to state on labeling that it may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children. […] The same goes for another five food colorants in the E.U. Yellow No. 5, Quinoline Yellow WS, Carmoisine, Ponceau 4R, and Red No.40.

• #31 Navigating Food Additives and ADHD | The Key Clinic

  https://www.thekeyclinic.co.uk/news-blog/navigating-food-additives-understanding-which-e-numbers-may-affect-adhd

  Ponceau 4R is a red dye commonly found in candy, desserts, and beverages. Like other artificial colours, it has been associated with behavioural issues in some studies. […] Allura Red AC, or FDC Red No. 40, is a common red dye in candy, soft drinks, and processed foods. It has been studied for its possible link to ADHD symptoms, with some research suggesting that it can increase hyperactivity in certain children. […] Sodium benzoate is a preservative used in soft drinks, salad dressings, and other processed foods to prevent spoilage. Some studies have suggested that sodium benzoate may increase hyperactivity in children, potentially impacting those with ADHD. […] MSG is a flavour enhancer used in many savoury snacks and foods. While there’s limited direct evidence linking MSG to ADHD symptoms, some individuals report increased hyperactivity or behavioural changes after consuming foods containing MSG.

• #32 Red dye 40 and ADHD: List of foods, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/red-dye-40-adhd

  Red 40 and other dyes may worsen the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in some, but more research is needed. […] Research in both animals and humans has shown synthetic color additives such as red dye 40 to have links to ADHD symptoms and other neurobehavioral conditions. […] According to a 2021 report from the state of California, research does indicate that children who consume synthetic food dyes, including red dye 40, can experience hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues. […] Experts believe that red dye 40 and other synthetic color additives may cause behavioral changes due to chemical changes in the brain. […] Many studies on synthetic color additives look at red dye 40. Although the data vary, the majority of studies report at least some connection between color additives and ADHD symptoms.

• #33 Food Dyes and Behavior in Kids: A Dietitian shares everything you need to know – Sarah Remmer, RD

  https://www.sarahremmer.com/food-dyes-and-behavior-in-kids/

  If you observe a significant change in your child’s behavior after they consume colorful icing on a cupcake or drink colorful fruit punch, it might indicate a reaction to food color. […] The safe amount of each specific food color is based on the regulations developed by your governments regulatory agency. […] The levels of artificial food dyes that appear in food products are tightly regulated, and based on current research, however, it’s 100% up to you and your family as to whether or not you purchase these products as mentioned above, use your best judgment as a parent. […] There is a lot of hype around food dyes and how they impact behavior in children, but what about how they impact other areas of our health? […] With that said, here are some possible side effects of consuming artificial food dyes: Attention issues: As mentioned above.

• #34 Food Dyes and Behavior in Kids: A Dietitian shares everything you need to know – Sarah Remmer, RD

  https://www.sarahremmer.com/food-dyes-and-behavior-in-kids/

  This is definitely one of the most controversial questions when it comes to artificial food dyes and kids. […] On a positive note, the animal studies that look at the most common food dyes consumed by children show no evidence of cancer-causing effects. […] There is an evident need for high-quality research to better understand what constitutes a safe level and particle size of titanium dioxide that will not cause toxic effects on the human system over time. […] It is not surprising that the majority of foods with added food color are processed to a degree. […] Even though these food additives are natural color alternatives, they can still induce reactions (such as allergies or sensitives) in some people. […] There is an obvious need for more robust research on artificial food dyes and how they affect the health and behavior of kids.

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