Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

• #1 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  While awaiting the results of such further research, the following conclusions seem reasonable: AFCs are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The deleterious effect does not appear to be confined to ADHD (a general effect has been replicated). Therefore AFCs may be more a general public health problem than an ADHD problem.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13311-012-0133-x

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] Possible biological mechanisms with published evidence include the effects on nutrient levels, genetic vulnerability, and changes in electroencephalographic beta-band power.

• #3 Red Dye 40 and ADHD: Health Risks and Foods to Avoid

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/red-dye-40-adhd-5220957

  Made from petroleum, red dye 40 is a synthetic food dye. Some studies suggest a link between red dye 40 and ADHD behavior; the dye might trigger or exacerbate behavioral changes in sensitive children. […] The dye’s effects vary by individual, but it has been linked to hyperactivity, irritability, and trouble focusing. […] Researchers believe these symptoms may be due to its effects on the gut, brain, and immune system. […] Artificial food dyes, including red dye 40, have been linked to behavioral changes in sensitive children with and without diagnosed ADHD. […] Consuming food dyes may make ADHD symptoms worse. […] Research also shows that eliminating foods with artificial colors may significantly improve behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD and other mental health or behavioral disorders.

• #4 Red Dye 40, Food Additives and ADHD: Feed Your Child’s FocusFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/feed-your-childs-focus-adhd-food-nutrition/?srsltid=AfmBOopWM4yKQxoyfijZq0t1fdVEX76_dvEiSIrDGkkNWvxP5hUlQBB7

  Research suggests that artificial food dyes, sugar, and sensitivities may exacerbate symptoms of ADHD in some children. […] Studies published in The Lancet, Pediatrics, and Journal of Pediatrics suggest that food additives adversely affect a population of children with ADHD. […] The FDA did admit that a population of children does react adversely to these dyes. […] If you consume orange soda in the U.S., you’re consuming red #40 and yellow #5. […] Most parents of children with ADHD — 84 percent of 302 parents in one 2003 study — believe that sugar has a negative effect on their kids’ behavior. […] The conclusion? Artificial colors do react adversely with ADHD symptoms in some children. […] Avoiding foods with artificial colors and preservatives has another big benefit: It will raise the nutritional value of your family’s diet. […] Not all food colors have the potential to make your child hyperactive.

• #5 Food Coloring and Mental Health: Is There A Link?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/food-coloring-and-mental-health

  Food dyes are substances widely used to add color to most of our food and drink to make it look appealing. […] In recent years, there have been many questions and debates surrounding food dye and its role in hyperactivity and behavioral changes in children. […] According to a study conducted in the UK that investigated the behavioral effects of artificial food dyes and sodium benzoate (a preservative), when certain combinations of additives were put into the same food item, hyperactivity would increase in both preschool-aged and school-aged children. […] Many parents report that their children exhibit some kind of behavioral change after they have consumed food containing artificial dyes. These behavioral changes include an increase in restlessness, tantrums, mood swings, and problems with concentration.

• #6 How food dye can affect children | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/mental-health/food-dye

  You might have wondered why your son or daughter became hyper and irritable after having a blue sports drink or eating a colorfully iced cookie or piece of cake. […] Food dyes can make some children and teens hyperactive and moody or irritable, according to available research. […] Though food dyes dont cause disorders such as anxiety or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), they could make those conditions worse. […] Food dyes can make ADHD symptoms worse. […] Children who have a pattern of being angry, irritable and defying parents and other people in authority can experience more of those behaviors after having food or drinks with artificial dyes. […] Bacteria in your gut can affect your mood and anxiety, and food dyes could affect how bacteria in the gut function, making anxiety worse. […] Adequate sleep, exercise and a healthy diet thats free of artificial food dyes can take the edge off ADHD and mood symptoms and possibly enable you or your child to need less medication.

• #7 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence | Environmental Health | Full Text

  https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9

  Concern that synthetic food dyes may impact behavior in children prompted a review by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). […] We identified 27 clinical trials of children exposed to synthetic food dyes in this review, of which 25 were challenge studies. […] Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of a positive association, and in 13 (52%) the association was statistically significant. […] These studies support a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children. […] Together, the human clinical trials and animal toxicology literature support an association between synthetic food dyes and behavioral impacts in children. […] The current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intakes are based on older studies that were not designed to assess the types of behavioral effects observed in children.

• #8 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence | Environmental Health | Full Text

  https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9

  There is a need to re-evaluate exposure in children and for additional research to provide a more complete database for establishing ADIs protective of neurobehavioral effects. […] Concerns about possible associations between exposure to synthetic food dyes and the exacerbation of symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children have surfaced periodically since the 1970s. […] OEHHA evaluated the literature to determine whether there is any evidence supporting the association of exposure to synthetic food dyes with adverse neurobehavioral impacts in children in the general population with or without a diagnosis of ADHD. […] Our evaluation focused on seven of the nine food dyes subject to FDC batch certification by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and approved for general use in food in the US.

• #9 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence | Environmental Health | Full Text

  https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9

  The literature review methods were designed to identify all the literature most relevant to the assessment of evidence on the neurological or neurobehavioral effects of the synthetic food dyes listed in Table 1. […] Our epidemiologic review focused on clinical trials. […] In determining whether the study reported an association, we define association as either a statistically significant outcome or an effect size 20% or standardized effect size 0.20. […] We searched the animal toxicology literature and identified numerous studies of neurobehavioral effects in laboratory animals exposed to synthetic food dyes. […] Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) for synthetic food dyes were established by the US FDA between the 1960s and the1980s based on general toxicology studies. […] Our review of animal toxicology studies was intended to examine neurobehavioral toxicity of food dyes and included any study administering one or more of the FDA registered food dyes and measuring a behavioral endpoint.

• #10 Artificial Food Dyes and ADD/ADHD – Functional Medicine Denver – Integrated Health Systems

  https://integratedbraincenters.com/artificial-food-addadhd/

  Eliminating food colorings from the diet appears to be an effective and simple measure both for prevention and treatment of ADHD behavior. […] The Feingold Diet, developed by a pediatric allergist, is one of the leading dietary approaches for treating hyperactive behavior in children that removes synthetic dyes, along with other artificial food chemicals and preservatives.

• #11 Food Coloring and Children with ADHD: Do Dyes Impact Behavior?FooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/food-coloring-dyes-adhd-symptoms/?srsltid=AfmBOopoQF2ZTRomxVkroGpxas4-HexaSLoTAAR8jqu68tplSUj1Ls23

  Dr. Nigg: In my opinion, there is enough evidence that food dyes affect behavior in some sensitive children with ADHD (and other children without the condition) to justify warning labels on foods containing synthetic dyes. […] Food dyes have not been proven safe for children, and they may increase symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity. […] Although overall effects are small, it appears that food dyes trigger and/or worsen ADHD symptoms in some children. […] Some children may experience more aggression and hyperactivity, and reduced attention and focus. […] Parents are well-advised to remove food dyes from their child’s diet if they can. […] If you see improvement in behavior, reintroduce foods one at a time for a few days to see if problems re-emerge.

• #12 Health Implications of Artificial Food Dyes: do they cause hyperactivity, cancer, and IBD?

  https://dietitiansuccesscenter.com/health-implications-of-artificial-food-dyes-do-they-cause-hyperactivity-cancer-and-ibd/

  Artificial food dyes (like Red 40, Blue 1, Yellow 5 and Yellow 6) are commonly used in processed foods and beverages to enhance their appearance and appeal to consumers. […] Hyperactivity in children is one of the most prominent ties with artificial food dyes. The controversy started in the 1970s when a pediatric allergist, Dr. Ben Feingold, proposed a link between the two. […] Since then, numerous studies have looked at the potential link between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] In 1994, a short-term, elimination diet and double-blind placebo-controlled study with a small sample size found a 73% improvement in ADHD symptoms by removing dietary food additives, including dyes. […] Studies in 2004 and 2007, commissioned by the British Food Standards Agency (FSA) found a possible link between the consumption of six types of food colorings and hyperactivity in children.

• #13 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  The Food and Drug Administration has over 3000 ingredients listed on its database of additives that are permitted in US food items. Food colors and additives have been a topic of increasing concern, especially with the rise of neurocognitive conditions among our young. A great example was seen in a 6-week trial of 200 kids who went on a synthetic color-free diet. During the study, 150 of the children showed improvements in behavior while on the diet. […] Taking a deeper look into the food coloring and additives that children are exposed to can shed light on areas of nutritional implications and ADHD. […] Pertaining to ADHD, colorants and chemical additives have become a mainstream medical topic for their potential implication on neurocognitive function. When it comes to food coloring, FDC Red 40 is the most scrutinized dye. A 2020 report from the California Environmental Protection Agency expressed that intake of synthetic dyes in some children may be associated with behavioral signs, including inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness. Their findings were that Red No. 3 and 40, along with Yellow No. 5, have the most notable effects of artificial dyes when it comes to children’s behaviors. […] Another study had an elimination period where three-year-olds had one week with artificial dyes and Sodium Benzoate eliminated from their diet. For the following three weeks, they were given a beverage that contained both additives. Results revealed a significant increase in hyperactivity during the additive weeks. […] On the placebo days, there was a significant improvement in their symptoms compared to food additive days.

• #13 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  Many of the other food additives may impact gut health and a child’s microbiome, which can have an effect on brain health. Potential impacts on the microbiota have been assessed when it comes to the mentioned categories of food additives. […] Newer research has suggested that high fructose diets may contribute to brain inflammation and ADHD behaviors. […] Dietary implications for ADHD should be considered, as evidence suggests there may be a correlation. […] If you suspect your kid is reacting to dyes or additives in foods, working with a healthcare provider can help you get to the root cause of this issue. Finding answers and providing solutions can assist your child in their symptoms of ADHD and overall health.

• #14

  https://www.talkingaboutthescience.com/kirkland2020/

  Although this is a small pilot study, and the first to consider young adults, it indicates that food dyes may affect both brainwave activity and ADHD symptoms in college students with ADHD. […] The amount of food dye used was 225 mg of mixed food dyes (half the intake expected of high consumers according to the FDA advisory committee in 2011), camouflaged in chocolate cookies. […] AFC (artificial food color) was shown to have differential effects on mid and high-frequency bands in the posterior brain regions of young adults with ADHD. […] This is the first study, to our knowledge, to test the effects of AFC in young adults. Second, this study uses the largest dose (225 mg) of combined AFC to date, an amount that is still physiologically appropriate and able to be consumed by an adult while eating normal food products.

• #15 Food Color Additives in the US Food Supply: Review of Neurobehavioral Safety

  https://scholars.direct/Articles/pediatric-neurology/jpnn-4-015.php?jid=pediatric-neurology

  Food Color Additives in the US Food Supply: Review of Neurobehavioral Safety […] Currently approved food additives, including color additives, have a long history of safe use in human consumables. […] Research on the impact of food color additives (FCAs) upon neurobehavior, especially focusing on hyperactive behavioral symptoms in children and adolescents, began in the mid-1970s in the United States (US) with animal and human studies. Interest in the impact of FCAs on behavior and especially neurobehavior in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms has increased over time. […] Our results indicate that published human studies from the past decade do not offer a strong or reliable explanation of the impact of FCA presence or elimination on ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. Non-clinical studies involving animals included exposures to FCAs that was considerably greater than amounts estimated to be consumed in the diets of humans either alone or in mixtures and found that the magnitude of behavioral changes observed have been small, inconsistent, and not dose-dependent in nature. […] One specific concern associated with certain FCAs has been the potential for the induction of or worsening of negative neurobehavioral effects, specifically hyperactivity behaviors in children. […] The current review will focus on an assessment of the information associated with neurobehavioral effects of seven of the nine synthetic FCAs approved for use in the US because only seven are FD & C food colors approved for wide use in foods by the FDA for ingestion. […] The Southampton studies evaluated mixtures of food additives, including FCAs approved for use in the United States (US), Allura Red 40, Tartrazine, and Sunset Yellow FCF. […] The view of the medical community is that parents are not in a position to make objective judgement for the identification of ADHD as they often lack a large enough reference group for comparison. […] The diagnosis of ADHD relies on qualitative behavioral assessment and there are currently no reliable biological markers that can be measured to diagnose ADHD, since selective and sensitive biomarkers pointing to an ADHD diagnosis have not been established. […] The difficulty in an accurate ADHD diagnosis is well recognized and is a serious concern for specialists and advocates of children’s health. […] Our review of the research literature on the available elimination or induction studies indicates that evidence does not exist that provides adequate scientific support to link FCAs consumption to increasing ADHD symptoms in humans. […] We propose that additional rigorous research, possibly using methodology put forth by Kleinman, et al., will be required to appropriately evaluate the impact of FCAs on behavior in children diagnosed with ADHD or children with symptoms of ADHD.

• #16 California Bans Artificial Food Dyes From Schools: What to Know – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/26/well/eat/food-dye-california-ban.html

  The conclusion: Food dyes can interfere with normal behavior in at least some kids. […] However, he also found a small but significant increase in hyperactivity when children consumed the dyes. […] Dr. Nigg and other experts have acknowledged the various limitations with the research. […] The F.D.A., along with an international committee of food safety experts, has emphasized the limitations of the research while maintaining that the food dyes currently approved in the United States are safe. […] The F.D.A.’s approach is to consider the dyes “safe until proven harmful,” Dr. Nigg said. But based on the current evidence, he added, a better strategy would be to prove them safe before they are given to children. […] “There’s a reasonable suspicion that food dyes may be harmful, at least for some kids,” Dr. Nigg said. “So why expose them to it?”

• #17 What the Current Science Says About Hyperactivity and Food Colors – Food Insight

  https://foodinsight.org/what-the-current-science-says-about-hyperactivity-and-food-colors/

  Additionally, a 2020 systematic assessment of FDA-certified colors concluded that food colors do not impact brain activity that is indicative of hyperactivity, implying that no relationship exists between food color additives and the development of ADHD. […] In 2011, the FDA Food Advisory Committee convened to help answer researchers burning questions around the topic of food colors and hyperactivity. […] In 2019, this committee re-convened. […] The results of this risk assessment will be used to determine whether or not further regulatory action (e.g., additional labeling requirements) will be necessary to inform Californians about potential health risks. […] While the body of research continues to grow and we should acknowledge the fact that a small segment of the population may be affected by food color additives, currently scientists and regulatory agencies agree that there is not sufficient scientific evidence that links ADHD with food color additives and that more research is needed.

• #18 FDA panel finds no link between artificial food colorings and hyperactivity in most children – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/fda-panel-finds-no-link-between-artificial-food-colorings-and-hyperactivity-in-most-children-201104012184

  There is no specific validated test for this kind of vulnerability. […] The FDA committees vote today is in line with the consensus view among scientists, that diet alone is probably not the driving force behind ADHD symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsive behavior. […] At the same time, the FDAs ruling and several recent studies suggest that food additives could contribute to symptoms in some children. […] In 2007, for example, a well-designed study in Britain found that preschoolers and elementary school students became slightly more hyperactive when they consumed drinks containing artificial colors. […] Using a complex calculation of effect size, the investigators estimated that the additives might explain about 10% of the behavioral difference between a child with ADHD and one without the disorder.

• #18 FDA panel finds no link between artificial food colorings and hyperactivity in most children – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/fda-panel-finds-no-link-between-artificial-food-colorings-and-hyperactivity-in-most-children-201104012184

  Parents, advocacy groups, and some scientists have long worried about a possible link between artificial food colorings and hyperactivity in children. On Thursday, an FDA panel concluded that there isnt enough evidence to prove that artificial food colorings contribute to hyperactivity, distractibility, and other behavior problems in most children. […] However, the panel wrote that certain children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be uniquely vulnerable, not just to food colorings, but to any number of food additives. […] Furthermore, the panel noted that the available evidence suggests that the children who are vulnerable to food additives have a unique intolerance to such substances, not that the substances themselves are inherently toxic to the nervous system.

• #19

  https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/food-dye-effects-behavior-ADHD

  The research found that children are not only likely exceeding what’s considered „safe” levels of food coloring additives, but also found an association between food dye consumption and increased behavioral condition symptoms, including ADHD. […] An FDA official told National Geographic that the agency has previously assessed information about color additives on several occasions, including reviews by the FDA Food Advisory Committee and the FDA Science Board; and that, to date, a causal relationship between exposure to color additives, including Red 40, and hyperactivity in children in the general population has not been established. […] It’s also worth noting that the OEHHA study concludes that „it is clear that some children are likely to be more adversely affected by synthetic food dyes than others.” […] For its part, the FDA says that existing research, including the OEHHA reports, still has not shown that food dyes are uniquely responsible for exacerbated symptoms of behavioral conditions.

• #20 Are Food Dyes Bad For Your Health? | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/112745

  „These children may represent a particularly susceptible subgroup based on genetic factors and may explain some of the inconsistencies in studies failing to account for this factor,” OEHHA report authors wrote. […] „It might be that cognitive behavioral effects are kind of the tip of the iceberg. There may be other things going on underneath that are deleterious to health” — including potential carcinogenicity. […] He added that he would „urge pediatricians, and other healthcare providers, particularly those interacting with children and their families, to really be mindful of the potential impacts that dyes are having.”

• #21 Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/do-artificial-food-colors-cause-adhd-symptoms/

  If your child’s behavior or inattention gets worse after eating foods with artificial food dyes, then consider avoiding them, former CHADD CEO Ruth Hughes, PhD, said to parents following the FDA review of the research. […] Unfortunately, most studies analyzing the effects of artificial food colors are limited in some way, he says. […] Artificial food colors are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The harmful effect of artificial food colors does not appear to be confined to people diagnosed with ADHD. […] The current status of evidence is inconclusive but too substantial to dismiss. Until safety can be better determined, Dr. Arnold and colleagues suggest minimizing children’s exposure to artificial food colors. […] If you are concerned your daughter may have a sensitivity to artificial food colors or preservatives, discuss it with her doctor.

• #21 Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/do-artificial-food-colors-cause-adhd-symptoms/

  Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? […] The idea that artificial food colorings and preservatives are somehow related to ADHD has been floated around since the 1970s. […] Research, however, does not support the view that ADHD is caused by food additives or coloring. The research does show that these ingredients can make symptoms worse for some people affected by ADHD. […] In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) looked at research published in the British medical journal The Lancet showing that after drinking a specially made drink containing artificial colors and preservatives, a group of children displayed what looked like the symptom of hyperactivity. […] What the research did seem to show was some children and adults have a sensitivity, or allergy, to artificial colors and preservatives.

• #22 What is Red Dye 40? ADHD And Brain Health | Amen Clinics Amen Clinics

  https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/brain-health-guide-red-dye-40/

  The findings suggest that long-term exposure to the dye in quantities commonly consumed in food products damages gut health and raises the risk of inflammation. […] What we have found is striking and alarming, as this common synthetic food dye is a possible dietary trigger for IBDs. […] The brain imaging work at Amen Clinics demonstrates that Red Dye 40 can dramatically affect brain function. […] His parents noticed that whenever Robert ate or drank something bright red, his behavior became aggressive and hostile. […] After removing Red Dye 40 from his diet, Robert’s behavior improved dramatically. […] A new field called nutritional psychiatry shows how important food is for mental health, emotional well-being, cognitive function, and behavioral stability. […] To rid this dye from your family’s diet, you need to learn to scour nutrition labels. […] An elimination diet can help you determine if artificial food dyes may be contributing to bothersome symptoms. […] ADD/ADHD, behavioral problems, and other mental health issues can’t wait.

• #23 ADHD diet: Do food additives cause hyperactivity?

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/faqs/a/adhd-diet-do-food-additives-cause-hyperactivity/

  Food additives include artificial colors, artificial sweeteners and preservatives. There’s no solid evidence that food additives cause attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the topic of food additives and their possible effects is controversial. […] Some studies indicate that certain food colorings and preservatives may increase hyperactive behavior in some children. But the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Advisory Committee determined that studies to date have not proved there’s a link between food colorings and hyperactivity. […] Better research is needed to find out if limiting certain foods or food additives will help reduce hyperactivity and ADHD symptoms. […] Talk with your child’s doctor about the pros and cons of trying a diet that eliminates food additives to see if it makes a difference in your child’s behavior.

• #24 New report shows artificial food coloring causes hyperactivity in some kids | UC Berkeley Public Health

  https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/news-media/research-highlights/new-report-shows-artificial-food-coloring-causes-hyperactivity-in-some-kids

  A report released in April 2021 by the state of California with contributors from UC Berkeley and UC Davis confirmed the long-suspected belief that the consumption of synthetic food dyes can cause hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues for some children. […] Evidence shows that synthetic food dyes are associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in some children, said OEHHA Director Lauren Zeise. […] Researchers found that all of the FDA’s Acceptable Daily Intake levels (ADIs) for synthetic food dyes are based on 35- to 70-year-old studies that were not designed to detect the types of behavioral effects that have been observed in children. Comparisons with newer studies indicate that the current ADIs may not adequately protect children from behavioral effects.

• #25 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence | Environmental Health | Full Text

  https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9

  Findings from these studies have greatly advanced our knowledge of neurobehavioral effects of synthetic food dyes. […] Current evidence from studies in humans, largely from controlled exposure studies in children, supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders. […] Taken together, the scientific literature supports an effect of synthetic food dye exposures on neurobehavior in children at environmentally relevant exposure levels.

• #26 The Side Effects of Artificial Food Coloring and Dyes: Cancer and ADHD

  https://nutritionfacts.org/video/the-side-effects-of-artificial-food-coloring-and-dyes-cancer-and-adhd/

  Excluding artificial food colors from childrens diets can improve ADHD symptoms. […] Hyperactivity in preschoolers was reduced significantly when artificial colorings and the preservative sodium benzoate were eliminated from their diets. […] The researchers suggest that benefit would accrue for all children if they didnt consume artificial food colors or benzoate preservatives. […] In a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for dietary interventions for ADHD, excluding artificial food colors from the diet significantly improved behavior. […] In this meta-analysis, the data over here suggest that food colors were harmful, whether assessed by parents, observers, or attention tests, compared to studies showing the opposite. […] The authors concluded that although not all studies implicated them, the current medical literature provides a substantial amount of evidence that consumption of synthetic food dyes is associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in kids, and that the FDAs Acceptable Daily Intake levels may not adequately protect children.

• #27

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/AAP-Says-Some-Common-Food-Additives-May-Pose-Health-Risks-to-Children.aspx

  With growing evidence that some chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives, and packaging materials may harm children’s health, a new American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement calls for urgently needed reforms to the U.S. food additive regulatory process. […] According to the statement in the August 2018 Pediatrics, „Food Additives and Child Health”, some currently allowed chemicals may best be avoided–especially for children. […] An Increasing number of studies suggest some food additives can interfere with a child’s hormones, growth, and development, according to the policy statement and accompanying technical report. […] The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include: […] Artificial food colors, common in children’s food products, may be associated with worsened attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Studies cited in the report found a significant number of children who cut synthetic food colorings from their diets showed decreased ADHD symptoms.

• #28 Artificial Food Dyes & Behavior – Smart Kids

  https://www.smartkidswithld.org/getting-help/adhd/artificial-food-dyes-behavior/

  In 2012, Dr. Joel Nigg, a leading ADHD researcher, and his team analyzed the strength of all existing studies involving the effect of artificial food dyes on behavior. As often happens in an analysis of this scale, flaws in the original studies came to light, which is what Niggs team found, forcing the researchers to conclude the state of evidence was inconclusive. Nevertheless, their examination found enough to describe the link between synthetic dyes and hyperactivity as too substantial to dismiss. […] Dr. Nigg suggests minimizing childrens exposure to AFCs until their safety can be better determined. […] Many children are sensitive to synthetic dyes. According to Dr. Nigg, food dyes cause symptoms in up to eight percent of children with ADHD nationwideor over 500,000 kids. Because AFCs also impact an unknown number of children without ADHD, if just one-half of one percent of all children are sensitive to AFCs, dyes could trigger behavioral problems in an additional 250,000 kids. […] Artificial dyes are more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. While AFCs are not a main cause of ADHD or hyperactivity, they may contribute significantly to some cases, and may additionally push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold.

• #29 Food Dyes and ADHD | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/helping-kids-through-adhd/202002/food-dyes-and-adhd

  An enduring controversy in the ADHD world is the role of diet and, in particular, synthetic food dyes. […] In 2011, the FDA reviewed the evidence, and although they admitted that some children are sensitive to food dyes and that this may exacerbate ADHD symptoms, they opted not to take any action. […] Overall, we confirmed that food dyes increase ADHD symptoms somewhat. […] This suggests that to the extent that food dyes affect ADHD symptoms, this is a public health concern that is not ADHD-specific. […] My own view is that food dyes are not proven safe for children, and certainly may increase symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity. For some children, this may be one too many challenges to their nervous system and contribute to ADHD symptoms.

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