Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

• #2 FAB: Arnold et al 2012 – Artificial food colors and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms: conclusions to dye for

  https://library.fabresearch.org/viewItem.php?id=9653

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] Professor Arnold provides an expert summary of: the now substantial and compelling evidence that artificial food colourings (AFC) have negative effects on the health and behaviour of children with or without a diagnosis of ADHD. This includes: Meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials in children with ADHD-type behaviour problems, showing that removal of AFC from the diet reduces behavioural problems.

• #3 Red Dye 40, Food Additives and ADHD: Feed Your Child’s FocusFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/feed-your-childs-focus-adhd-food-nutrition/?srsltid=AfmBOooYEG4Tc2EJlYPrV-L_URLyw0SA69DFuarHyImBcrJ5W1xuM491

  Research suggests that artificial food dyes, sugar, and sensitivities may exacerbate symptoms of ADHD in some children. […] Studies published in The Lancet, Pediatrics, and Journal of Pediatrics suggest that food additives adversely affect a population of children with ADHD. […] The Center for Science and the Public Interest petitioned the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to hold a hearing on whether the U.S. should require a similar warning label — or ban artificial colors altogether. […] However, the FDA did admit that a population of children does react adversely to these dyes. […] When placed on a special elimination diet excluding foods that trigger unwanted behavior, as many as 30 percent of toddlers and preschoolers benefit. […] The benefits for adults with ADHD are less clear.

• #4 Red dye 40 and ADHD: List of foods, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/red-dye-40-adhd

  Red 40 and other dyes may worsen the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in some, but more research is needed. […] Research in both animals and humans has shown synthetic color additives such as red dye 40 to have links to ADHD symptoms and other neurobehavioral conditions. […] According to a 2021 report from the state of California, research does indicate that children who consume synthetic food dyes, including red dye 40, can experience hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues. […] Many studies on synthetic color additives look at red dye 40. Although the data vary, the majority of studies report at least some connection between color additives and ADHD symptoms. […] Research indicates that hyperactivity in some children may increase due to exposure to synthetic food dyes, including red dye 40.

• #5 What is Red Dye 40? ADHD And Brain Health | Amen Clinics Amen Clinics

  https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/brain-health-guide-red-dye-40/

  Red Dye 40 has been linked to a host of physical and mental health issues, including ADD/ADHD, allergies, immune disorders, mind-storms, and even inflammatory bowel diseases. […] Multiple studies published in journals such as Pediatrics, The Lancet, and Journal of Pediatrics demonstrate that some children with ADD/ADHD may be adversely affected by artificial food colors. Other research indicates that artificial coloring and flavors, as well as the preservative sodium benzoate, can make some non-ADD/ADHD kids hyperactive. […] Some children who have been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD and are taking medications for the condition make such an improvement after eliminating Red Dye 40 from their diet that they are able to stop taking their prescription drugs. […] Many parents who notice increased hyperactivity in their children after a sweet snack mistakenly blame a sugar rush for the bad behavior. But often, it’s the artificial food coloring that’s the real culprit.

• #6 Food Coloring and Children with ADHD: Do Dyes Impact Behavior?FooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/food-coloring-dyes-adhd-symptoms/?srsltid=AfmBOoqxUsQXKPTybpexWTaqReQsFZYzJ1X78-zKOUkt3pHn8j3yjvs0

  Research suggests that synthetic food coloring affects ADHD symptoms in some children. […] With growing frequency, parents are noting a connection between their children’s behavior and their consumption of food containing synthetic dyes — namely, red #3, red #40, and yellow #5. […] Based on research, including Nigg’s own review of the literature in 2012, restricting the consumption of synthetic food dyes does benefit some children with ADHD. […] Nigg and the others are now encouraging similar action from the FDA, which has reviewed the research several times since 2011 and decided to take limited action on food dyes. […] Dr. Nigg: In my opinion, there is enough evidence that food dyes affect behavior in some sensitive children with ADHD (and other children without the condition) to justify warning labels on foods containing synthetic dyes.

• #7 RFK Jr. Declares War on Artificial Food Dyes, Including Red 40—What It Means for Your Family’s Health

  https://www.blanquivioletas.com/en/rfk-jr-declares-war-artificial-food-dye/

  The use of dyes in American food has been a sore subject for many health experts for years now. […] A 2021 report from Californias Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment reviewed both animal and human studies, including observational and challenge-based research, to assess possible behavioral consequences. Findings suggested that while reactions varied among individuals, a number of children showed increased hyperactivity or behavioral changes after consuming dyed foods. Of the 25 studies reviewed, 16 reported a meaningful association between these additives and behavioral issues, with over half demonstrating statistically significant results. […] Jamie Alan, an associate professor of pharmacology and toxicology at Michigan State University is more firm with his opposition to artificial dyes. Red dye No. 40 can still cause behavioral disruptions, especially in children.

• #8 Food Coloring and Children with ADHD: Do Dyes Impact Behavior?FooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/food-coloring-dyes-adhd-symptoms/?srsltid=AfmBOoqxUsQXKPTybpexWTaqReQsFZYzJ1X78-zKOUkt3pHn8j3yjvs0

  Although overall effects are small, it appears that food dyes trigger and/or worsen ADHD symptoms in some children. […] Parents are well-advised to remove food dyes from their child’s diet if they can. […] Some children may experience more aggression and hyperactivity, and reduced attention and focus. […] Food dyes probably make children with and without ADHD more irritable. […] Should parents avoid food dyes? If possible, you can remove one of the many potential negative factors. […] If you see improvement in behavior, reintroduce foods one at a time for a few days to see if problems re-emerge. […] If you don’t see a change, give her a second glass and look for hyperactivity. […] If you see only a subtle change in behavior after avoiding food dyes, it may not be worth the effort and cost to continue.

• #9 Red Dye 40 and ADHD: Health Risks and Foods to Avoid

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/red-dye-40-adhd-5220957

  Some studies suggest a link between red dye 40 and ADHD behavior; the dye might trigger or exacerbate behavioral changes in sensitive children. […] Researchers believe these symptoms may be due to its effects on the gut, brain, and immune system. […] To avoid potential issues, children with ADHD should steer clear of products with red dye 40, including certain candies, soft drinks, and cough medicines. […] Research also shows that eliminating foods with artificial colors may significantly improve behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD and other mental health or behavioral disorders. […] Regular exposure to food dyes may exacerbate symptoms or contribute to the development of ADHD in children who have a predisposition to the disorder. […] In children with ADHD, red dye 40 may exacerbate symptoms of hyperactivity and irritability.

• #10 Artificial Food Colors and ADHD

  https://nutritionfacts.org/video/artificial-food-colors-and-adhd/

  Anyway, the CSPI continues to call on the FDA to ban food dyes, and for food companies to voluntarily stop using them. Good luck with that. In the meanwhile, some researchers recently suggested a way to see which food colors may be damaging your childrens brainadvising parents to test artificial colors by purchasing little bottles of food dye at the grocery store. Then, have your child do some homework or something, and then, have them chug down an artificial color, and see if it affects their handwriting, reading, math at 30 minutes, then at 90 minutes, and at three hours. Also, see if they get irritable later, have problems sleeping. Then, if thats okay, you try even more, to see if that will mess up their mind.

• #11 Red Dye 40 and ADHD: Health Risks and Foods to Avoid

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/red-dye-40-adhd-5220957

  Red dye 40 may cause tantrums and other strong emotional responses in children who are sensitive to the dye. […] Red dye 40 is an FDA-approved color additive used to enhance the attractiveness of food. There is substantial evidence that red dye 40 exacerbates ADHD symptoms, including hyperactivity and irritability. […] It has also been found to trigger behavioral changes in sensitive children who do not have pre-existing behavioral disorders.

• #12 Artificial Food Dyes and ADD/ADHD – Functional Medicine Denver – Integrated Health Systems

  https://integratedbraincenters.com/artificial-food-addadhd/

  ADD and ADHD are among the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents in the US. […] Many studies have linked food-coloring agents to hyperactivity in ADD/ADHD children, as well as increases in hyperactive and disruptive behavior in children not diagnosed ADD/ADHD. […] While food dyes may not be the main cause of ADHD, they have been shown to contribute significantly to symptoms, and in some cases may push a child over the diagnostic threshold. […] Numerous studies have linked artificial food dyes to increased hyperactivity, nervous/restless behavior, anxiety, irritability and poor sleep. […] A study published in Science indicated that children with ADD/ADHD showed lower performance on learning tests taken on days they consumed food dyes, compared to days free from food dyes.

• #13 Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21729092/

  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in children. Symptoms of ADHD include hyperactivity, low frustration tolerance, impulsivity, and inattention. […] In the early 1970s, research conducted by Dr. Benjamin Feingold found that when hyperactive children were given a diet free of artificial food additives and dyes, symptoms of hyperactivity were reduced. […] While these strictures could have positive effects on behavior, the removal of food dyes is not a panacea for ADHD, which is a multifaceted disorder with both biological and environmental underpinnings. […] Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diet therapy.

• #14 Mothers say this 'miracle’ diet cured their child’s ADHD without Vyvanse or Ritalin. Doctors say it CAN help – but there’s a catch… | Daily Mail Online

  https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-14678565/miracle-diet-ADHD-children-parents.html

  ’If you’re feeding these to your kids, you can almost guarantee they’ll have ADHD.’ […] The Feingold diet involves eliminating these additives, along with salicylates (naturally occurring compounds found in some fruits and vegetables), from a child’s diet to see if symptoms improve. […] While studies have found a link between certain food additives and hyperactivity in children (with or without ADHD), Dr Jones adds: 'We have absolutely no evidence to support the use of the Feingold or any other elimination diets in ADHD, and more broadly, we have strong evidence that they do not work.’ […] The RACGP does not endorse dietary modification as a useful medical intervention to treat ADHD, beyond the usual recommendation of following a healthy, balanced diet. […] Dr Jones says his greatest concern about parents exploring alternatives like the Feingold diet is that they may be refusing or delaying evidence-based treatment.

• #15 Red Dye 40, Food Additives and ADHD: Feed Your Child’s FocusFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/feed-your-childs-focus-adhd-food-nutrition/?srsltid=AfmBOooYEG4Tc2EJlYPrV-L_URLyw0SA69DFuarHyImBcrJ5W1xuM491

  Studies failed to uphold Feingold’s claims when he first made them, and most ADHD experts still dismiss the Feingold diet as ineffective. […] Yet some recent research suggests that the Feingold diet may, indeed, benefit the small percent of children with ADHD who seem sensitive to chemicals in food. […] The conclusion? Artificial colors do react adversely with ADHD symptoms in some children. […] However, all studies on the effect of elimination diets on ADHD symptoms found statistically significant ADHD symptom reduction when children were given a narrow diet of foods unlikely to cause reactions.

• #16 Artificial Food Dyes and ADD/ADHD – Functional Medicine Denver – Integrated Health Systems

  https://integratedbraincenters.com/artificial-food-addadhd/

  Eliminating food colorings from the diet appears to be an effective and simple measure both for prevention and treatment of ADHD behavior. […] The Feingold Diet, developed by a pediatric allergist, is one of the leading dietary approaches for treating hyperactive behavior in children that removes synthetic dyes, along with other artificial food chemicals and preservatives.

• #17 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  The Food and Drug Administration has over 3000 ingredients listed on its database of additives that are permitted in US food items. Out of this number, nine of them are approved synthetic food coloring. Food colors and additives have been a topic of increasing concern, especially with the rise of neurocognitive conditions among our young. […] A great example was seen in a 6-week trial of 200 kids who went on a synthetic color-free diet. During the study, 150 of the children showed improvements in behavior while on the diet. […] Taking a deeper look into the food coloring and additives that children are exposed to can shed light on areas of nutritional implications and ADHD. […] Pertaining to ADHD, colorants and chemical additives have become a mainstream medical topic for their potential implication on neurocognitive function. When it comes to food coloring, FDC Red 40 is the most scrutinized dye. A 2020 report from the California Environmental Protection Agency expressed that intake of synthetic dyes in some children may be associated with behavioral signs, including inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness.

• #18 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Food dyes can appear in a range of foods, from candies to salad dressing. […] Claims have been made that artificial dyes cause serious side effects, such as hyperactivity in children, as well as cancer and allergies. […] In 1973, a pediatric allergist claimed that hyperactivity and learning problems in children were caused by artificial food colorings and preservatives in food. […] The doctor introduced an elimination diet as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). […] One clinical study found that removing artificial food dyes from the diet, along with a preservative called sodium benzoate, significantly reduced hyperactive symptoms. […] A small study found that 73% of children with ADHD showed a decrease in symptoms when artificial food dyes and preservatives were eliminated.

• #19 FDA panel finds no link between artificial food colorings and hyperactivity in most children – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/fda-panel-finds-no-link-between-artificial-food-colorings-and-hyperactivity-in-most-children-201104012184

  In 2007, for example, a well-designed study in Britain found that preschoolers and elementary school students became slightly more hyperactive when they consumed drinks containing artificial colors. […] This was similar to the effect size reported in an earlier review by researchers at Columbia University and Harvard University, who estimated that removing artificial food colorings from the diets of children with ADHD would be about one-third to one-half as effective as treatment with methylphenidate (Ritalin). […] For most children with ADHD, there is no evidence that radical diets that eliminate nearly all processed foods and many fruits and vegetablessuch as the Feingold dietdo any good. […] If you are concerned about behavior changes in your child, or yourself, experiment a bit. Try removing the major dietary sources of artificial colors and additives and see if symptoms improve.

• #20 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Another study found that food dyes, along with sodium benzoate, increased hyperactivity in both 3-year-olds and a group of 8- and 9-year-olds. […] Tartrazine, also known as Yellow 5, has been associated with behavioral changes including irritability, restlessness, depression and difficulty with sleeping. […] Studies suggest there is a small but significant association between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. Some children seem to be more sensitive to dyes than others. […] The claim about food dyes that has the strongest science to back it up is the connection between food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] If your child has hyperactive or aggressive behavior, it may be beneficial to remove artificial food dyes from their diet.

• #21 Red Dye 40 Side Effects and Food List

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/red-dye-40

  The color additive found in many pre-packaged foods may affect those with ADHD or allergies. […] But some studies have linked artificial food dyes like red dye 40 to hyperactivity, including ADHD. […] Some studies show a link between dyes and increased ADHD or hyperactivity in children. And other studies show an improvement in behavior and attention once the dyes were eliminated. […] Potential side effects may include: Hyperactivity, including ADHD. […] I recommend minimizing food dyes in your kids diets, reiterates Zumpano. And if there is a cancer risk in your family, I would encourage you to be even more vigilant in avoiding artificial dyes. […] Try cutting out all foods with red dye 40 for a week or two, says Zumpano. Hopefully, youll notice an improvement in behavior. […] It’s important to note that child medications (think liquid cough syrups or chewable tablets) can also contain food dyes, so look for dye-free versions.

• #22

  https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2007/09/hyperactivity-in-children-and-food-additives.page

  A study by researchers at the University of Southampton has shown evidence of increased levels of hyperactivity in young children consuming mixtures of some artificial food colours and the preservative sodium benzoate. […] Professor of Psychology, Jim Stevenson, who led the research, comments: „We now have clear evidence that mixtures of certain food colours and benzoate preservative can adversely influence the behaviour of children. There is some previous evidence that some children with behavioural disorders could benefit from the removal of certain food colours from their diet. We have now shown that for a large group of children in the general population, consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and benzoate preservative can influence their hyperactive behaviour.” […] „However parents should not think that simply taking these additives out of food will prevent all hyperactive disorders. We know that many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid.”

• #23 FDA panel finds no link between artificial food colorings and hyperactivity in most children – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/fda-panel-finds-no-link-between-artificial-food-colorings-and-hyperactivity-in-most-children-201104012184

  The best advice for anyone with ADHD is to follow a sensible diet. Emphasize fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthful unsaturated fats, and good proteins. […] Minimizing candy and sugared drinks, eating a truly balanced diet, adding physical activity to the menuthese habits will have any number of health benefits (both for the body and the brain).

• #24 Food Dyes and ADHD: What You Need to Know

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/articles/food-dyes-and-adhd

  Artificial food dyes are commonly found in processed foods, beverages, and even medications. […] These vibrant additives may enhance the visual appeal of foods, but they could also be triggering hyperactivity in children with adhd. […] Studies suggest that eliminating artificial colors from the diet can lead to a significant reduction in hyperactive behavior. […] Avoiding processed foods and artificial additives can help reduce impulsivity and inattentiveness. […] Understanding the impact of food dyes on ADHD symptoms is crucial for managing this neurodevelopmental disorder effectively. […] Food dyes can worsen ADHD symptoms by triggering hyperactivity and behavioral issues. […] Food additives can worsen ADHD symptoms. […] Food can impact ADHD symptoms by triggering hyperactivity and behavioral issues. Artificial food dyes and additives are known culprits. […] In fact, artificial food dyes may worsen symptoms.

• #25 The Dangers of Synthetic Food Dyes for Neurobehavioral Health – Zena

  https://zenaleroux.co.za/8892-2/

  A significant majority, 79% of the Committee, did vote in favor of recognizing a causal relationship between the consumption of color additives and hyperactivity. […] A staggering 93% of the Committee voted in favor of conducting additional studies to thoroughly assess the safety of color additives. […] Lower your exposure to food dyes by avoiding ultra-processed foods and reading food labels, specifically looking out for potentially harmful dyes. […] Curristin advices that the choices we make around nutrition play a pivotal role in optimising brain function by providing essential nutrients crucial for cognitive processes, neurotransmitter function, and overall brain health.

• #26 Health Implications of Artificial Food Dyes: do they cause hyperactivity, cancer, and IBD?

  https://dietitiansuccesscenter.com/health-implications-of-artificial-food-dyes-do-they-cause-hyperactivity-cancer-and-ibd/

  Hyperactivity in children is one of the most prominent ties with artificial food dyes. The controversy started in the 1970s when a pediatric allergist, Dr. Ben Feingold, proposed a link between the two. He suggested eliminating food additives from children’s diets could improve hyperactive behaviors. The Feingold diet gained popularity among health professionals and parents. […] Since then, numerous studies have looked at the potential link between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] Overall, there needs to be more high-quality research to infer a direct link between hyperactivity and food dyes. Artificial food dyes are unlikely to cause generalized adverse effects in all children but may affect some sensitive children. […] There has been concern about the adverse health effects of artificial food dyes, including hyperactivity in children, allergic reactions, cancer, and gut inflammation. […] Dietitians can support clients concerned about artificial food dyes by reading labels, choosing minimally processed foods, and considering natural alternatives for coloring food.

• #27 How food dye can affect children | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/mental-health/food-dye

  You might have wondered why your son or daughter became hyper and irritable after having a blue sports drink or eating a colorfully iced cookie or piece of cake. […] Food dyes can make some children and teens hyperactive and moody or irritable, according to available research. […] Though food dyes dont cause disorders such as anxiety or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), they could make those conditions worse. […] Food dyes can make ADHD symptoms worse. […] Children who have a pattern of being angry, irritable and defying parents and other people in authority can experience more of those behaviors after having food or drinks with artificial dyes. […] Bacteria in your gut can affect your mood and anxiety, and food dyes could affect how bacteria in the gut function, making anxiety worse. […] Adequate sleep, exercise and a healthy diet thats free of artificial food dyes can take the edge off ADHD and mood symptoms and possibly enable you or your child to need less medication.

• #28

  https://www.alive.com/health/food-dyes-and-hyperactivity/

  Following the study’s publication, Britains Food Standards Agency issued an advisory to parents to limit their children’s intake of the additives used in the Southampton study if they notice an effect on behaviour. […] Though it was accepted that artificial food dyes may worsen hyperactivity in a small subset of susceptible children, it was decided that this did not warrant warnings across the board. […] Despite this slow regulatory movement in North America against the use of artificial food dyes, it is still entirely possible to avoid their use. A healthy diet that is based on minimally processed, whole and organic foods will naturally eliminate this concern. […] ZincA mineral involved in over 100 enzymatic pathways including neurotransmitter activity, zinc sulphate has shown its importance as an important nutrient in the treatment of children with ADHD in a study using zinc as a supplement to methylphenidate (Ritalin).

• #29

  https://www.alive.com/health/food-dyes-and-hyperactivity/

  Studies have shown that fish oil supplements containing both EPA and DHA may help to improve ADHD-related problems with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. […] Several studies have shown a benefit from magnesium supplementation in children with ADHD who were determined to have low body stores of magnesium. […] B6, in conjunction with magnesium, was found to improve symptoms of excitability including physical aggression, instability, learning attention, and hyperemotivity (excessive emotions).

• #30 The Dangers of Synthetic Food Dyes for Neurobehavioral Health – Zena

  https://zenaleroux.co.za/8892-2/

  Cilli stresses the interconnectedness of dietary choices with neurobehavioral outcomes, cautioning against the juxtaposition of sugary breakfast cereals with stimulant medications. […] While she acknowledges that improper dietary choices are not the sole cause of hyperactivity, she underscores their potential as significant contributing factors. […] In her approach to treatment, Cilli advocates for holistic strategies that encompass sensory system regulation, dietary adjustments, occupational therapy techniques, lifestyle modifications, and, when appropriate, medication. […] The NHS has highlighted research indicating a potential correlation between hyperactivity in children and the consumption of certain artificial food colors. […] They report that six colors have been specifically linked to hyperactivity, including E102 (tartrazine), E104 (quinoline yellow), E110 (sunset yellow FCF), E122 (carmoisine), E124 (ponceau 4R), and E129 (allura red).

• #31 Mothers say this 'miracle’ diet cured their child’s ADHD without Vyvanse or Ritalin. Doctors say it CAN help – but there’s a catch… | Daily Mail Online

  https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-14678565/miracle-diet-ADHD-children-parents.html

  ’We know early intervention works,’ he explains. […] 'If you’ve got these kids with these vulnerabilities, and you adopt behavioral strategies and teaching strategies to support them engaging in their learning and in their self-development early, that is going to make the biggest difference.’ […] Dr Jones adds that for parents who are reluctant to try medication as a first course of action, they can rest assured there are other evidence-based interventions that can and should be tried first.

• #32 Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/do-artificial-food-colors-cause-adhd-symptoms/

  Dr. Arnold and colleagues also reviewed multiple studies about artificial food colors and preservatives in Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for. He again urged additional research that was more targeted in figuring out if there is a role played by artificial colors in childrens behavior. […] Artificial food colors are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The current status of evidence is inconclusive but too substantial to dismiss. Until safety can be better determined, Dr. Arnold and colleagues suggest minimizing childrens exposure to artificial food colors. […] If you are concerned your daughter may have a sensitivity to artificial food colors or preservatives, discuss it with her doctor. […] Focusing meals and snacks on whole and minimally processed foods is beneficial for all your family members; it is also a good way to avoid some of those ingredients that may aggravate your daughters ADHD symptoms.

• #33 Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/do-artificial-food-colors-cause-adhd-symptoms/

  Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? […] The idea that artificial food colorings and preservatives are somehow related to ADHD has been floated around since the 1970s. […] Research, however, does not support the view that ADHD is caused by food additives or coloring. The research does show that these ingredients can make symptoms worse for some people affected by ADHD. […] If someone has ADHD and a sensitivity to these ingredients, it may be wise to choose foods that dont contain artificial colors and preservatives as part of an overall lifestyle management of ADHD. […] If your childs behavior or inattention gets worse after eating foods with artificial food dyes, then consider avoiding them, former CHADD CEO Ruth Hughes, PhD, said to parents following the FDA review of the research. This will probably not make the symptoms of ADHD disappear, but it may reduce the severity.

• #34 Gray Area — Jury’s Still Out on Link Between Artificial Colors and Hyperactivity

  https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/082510p8.shtml

  It does recognize, however, that for certain children diagnosed with ADHD and food sensitivities, there may be some improvement in behavior with the restriction or elimination of specific artificial colors. […] Currently, a small but growing number of research studies indicate potential benefits for restricting or eliminating certain food additives from the diet of highly sensitive individuals, especially those already exhibiting hyperactive behaviors (eg, those diagnosed with ADHD). However, knowing which children display this sensitivity, and will thus respond effectively to dietary intervention, is extremely difficult. […] Before embarking on a strict elimination diet, such as those advocated by the Feingold association, parents should consult an RD to ensure their child’s nutritional needs are met.

• #35 Food Dyes and ADHD | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/helping-kids-through-adhd/202002/food-dyes-and-adhd

  An enduring controversy in the ADHD world is the role of diet and, in particular, synthetic food dyes. […] In 2011, the FDA reviewed the evidence, and although they admitted that some children are sensitive to food dyes and that this may exacerbate ADHD symptoms, they opted not to take any action. […] Overall, we confirmed that food dyes increase ADHD symptoms somewhat. […] This suggests that to the extent that food dyes affect ADHD symptoms, this is a public health concern that is not ADHD-specific. […] While the overall effects of food dyes on ADHD symptoms seem clear enough, there were numerous caveats. […] It would also not be enough to typically treat diet adjustment as a substitute for standard care. Instead, it might be a supplement to standard care that will help some children.

• #36 Are Food Dyes Bad For Your Health? | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/112745

  In September, California became the first state in the nation to ban six artificial food dyes from meals served in public schools. […] The move followed a 2021 report from the state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) that concluded the body of evidence supported a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in some kids. […] „It is primarily based on that human evidence that we have reached this conclusion that food dyes cause behavioral problems in some kids, and that is backed up by the animal evidence and the mechanistic evidence,” Galligan said. […] „I don’t think we need more research. I think the evidence is crystal clear that food dyes are causing behavioral problems in some kids.” […] „These children may represent a particularly susceptible subgroup based on genetic factors and may explain some of the inconsistencies in studies failing to account for this factor,” OEHHA report authors wrote.

• #37 Artificial Food Dyes & Behavior – Smart Kids

  https://www.smartkidswithld.org/getting-help/adhd/artificial-food-dyes-behavior/

  The link between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in kids is a hot topic for researchers, regulators, policymakers, and consumer advocates Anecdotally, parents, too, attest to the harmful effect food dyes have on their child’s behavior as well as on school performance […] Although the evidence is still considered inconclusive, numerous studies have shown that food dyes can worsen behavior in some children. […] Dr. Nigg suggests minimizing children’s exposure to AFCs until their safety can be better determined. […] Many children are sensitive to synthetic dyes. According to Dr. Nigg, food dyes cause symptoms in up to eight percent of children with ADHD nationwide or over 500,000 kids. […] Artificial dyes are more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. While AFCs are not a main cause of ADHD or hyperactivity, they may contribute significantly to some cases, and may additionally push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold.

• #38

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/AAP-Says-Some-Common-Food-Additives-May-Pose-Health-Risks-to-Children.aspx

  With growing evidence that some chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives, and packaging materials may harm children’s health, a new American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement calls for urgently needed reforms to the U.S. food additive regulatory process. […] According to the statement in the August 2018 Pediatrics, „Food Additives and Child Health”, some currently allowed chemicals may best be avoided–especially for children. […] Artificial food colors, common in children’s food products, may be associated with worsened attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Studies cited in the report found a significant number of children who cut synthetic food colorings from their diets showed decreased ADHD symptoms. […] Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children, according to the AAP.

• #39

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/AAP-Says-Some-Common-Food-Additives-May-Pose-Health-Risks-to-Children.aspx

  „Chemicals that affect the endocrine system, for example, can have lasting effects on a child since hormones coordinate complex functions throughout the body,” Dr. Trasande said. „Even small disruptions at key moments during development can have lifelong consequences,” he said. […] „We need more research to better understand how food additives affect human health,” said AAP Council on Environmental Health Chairperson Dr. Jennifer Lowry, MD, FAAP. „Retesting is most important for the chemicals with increasing evidence of risks, but also those with safety data based on outdated testing methods or animal studies.”

• #40

  https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/artificial-food-dyes-may-cause-behavior-problems-bill-aims-warn-parent-rcna5989

  Parents who remove synthetic colors like Red 40 from their kids diets call it transformative, but the FDA has said dyes don’t affect most children. […] The dietary change did what thousands of dollars in neuropsychological testing, psychiatry appointments and therapy had not been able to do, Snow said. Within four weeks, Evan was a calmer, happier child. […] The evidence supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders. […] In a statement to NBC News, the FDA acknowledged that some published data suggest that for certain susceptible children with ADHD and other problem behaviors, their condition may be exacerbated by exposure to several food substances, including, but not limited to artificial food colors, due to a unique intolerance or sensitivity.

• #41

  https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/artificial-food-dyes-may-cause-behavior-problems-bill-aims-warn-parent-rcna5989

  With kids that have attention problems, this is such an easy thing that could change the child’s ability to focus and learn and socialize, she said. If they’re being aggressive, especially when they’re little, that really takes away from other kids wanting to be with them. […] Within several months of going dye-free, Evan, who is now in third grade, was able to go off one of his psychiatric medications. He no longer needs to attend therapy every week. Instead of feeling like she has to protect her three other children from him, Snow now sees Evan forming a strong bond with his siblings.

• #42 What is Red Dye 40? ADHD And Brain Health | Amen Clinics Amen Clinics

  https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/brain-health-guide-red-dye-40/

  The findings suggest that long-term exposure to the dye in quantities commonly consumed in food products damages gut health and raises the risk of inflammation. […] What we have found is striking and alarming, as this common synthetic food dye is a possible dietary trigger for IBDs. […] The brain imaging work at Amen Clinics demonstrates that Red Dye 40 can dramatically affect brain function. […] After removing Red Dye 40 from his diet, Robert’s behavior improved dramatically. […] A new field called nutritional psychiatry shows how important food is for mental health, emotional well-being, cognitive function, and behavioral stability. […] An elimination diet can help you determine if artificial food dyes may be contributing to bothersome symptoms. […] ADD/ADHD, behavioral problems, and other mental health issues can’t wait.

• #43 The devil in their diet: Food coloring and hyperactivity | Psychlinks Forum — Archive Only (2004-2022)

  https://forum.psychlinks.ca/threads/the-devil-in-their-diet-food-coloring-and-hyperactivity.671/

  Neither Stevenson nor Warner suggests that additives are the only factor; but their effects are large enough to take seriously. […] Heartened by these findings, Warner is planning a further study. […] Jacques now has a largely additive-free diet. […] The change in his behaviour has now persisted for a year.

• #44 What is Red Dye 40? ADHD And Brain Health | Amen Clinics Amen Clinics

  https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/brain-health-guide-red-dye-40/

  Red Dye 40 has been linked to a host of physical and mental health issues, including ADD/ADHD, allergies, immune disorders, mind-storms, and even inflammatory bowel diseases. […] Multiple studies published in journals such as Pediatrics, The Lancet, and Journal of Pediatrics demonstrate that some children with ADD/ADHD may be adversely affected by artificial food colors. Other research indicates that artificial coloring and flavors, as well as the preservative sodium benzoate, can make some non-ADD/ADHD kids hyperactive. […] Some children who have been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD and are taking medications for the condition make such an improvement after eliminating Red Dye 40 from their diet that they are able to stop taking their prescription drugs. […] Many parents who notice increased hyperactivity in their children after a sweet snack mistakenly blame a sugar rush for the bad behavior. But often, it’s the artificial food coloring that’s the real culprit.

• #45 What is Red Dye 40? ADHD And Brain Health | Amen Clinics Amen Clinics

  https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/brain-health-guide-red-dye-40/

  Additionally, both adults and children have reported upset stomach, migraines, jitteriness, nervousness, and inability to concentrate after a high intake of Red Dye 40. […] Artificial dyes may also trigger mind-storms, which are issues with the brain’s wiring or electrical activity. […] Abnormal electrical activity can not only change the activity of the brain, but it can also change your mind and cause mind storms that can be associated with temper outbursts, depression, suicidal thoughts, panic attacks, distractibility, and confusion. […] The downsides of Red Dye 40 also include problems with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). […] A 2022 study on mice in Nature Communications found that frequent consumption of artificially colored red foods like Lifesavers, Jell-O, and Gatorade increases the chances of developing an IBD, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

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