Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Food colours and hyperactivity

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/food-colours-and-hyperactivity/

  Research has found a possible link between certain artificial colours used in food and problems with hyperactivity in children. […] If your child is hyperactive, or has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there’s some evidence to suggest that avoiding these 6 food colours may help. […] hyperactivity can have many different causes, including genetics, and food colours are probably only a small part of the problem. […] the link between food colours and hyperactivity is not completely certain; more research is needed to confirm it.

• #2 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

• #3 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

• #4 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  While awaiting the results of such further research, the following conclusions seem reasonable: AFCs are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The deleterious effect does not appear to be confined to ADHD (a general effect has been replicated). Therefore AFCs may be more a general public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] The current status of evidence is inconclusive but too substantial to dismiss.

• #5 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Food dyes can appear in a range of foods, from candies to salad dressing. […] Claims have been made that artificial dyes cause serious side effects, such as hyperactivity in children, as well as cancer and allergies. […] In 1973, a pediatric allergist claimed that hyperactivity and learning problems in children were caused by artificial food colorings and preservatives in food. […] Since then, several studies have found a small but significant association between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] One clinical study found that removing artificial food dyes from the diet, along with a preservative called sodium benzoate, significantly reduced hyperactive symptoms. […] A small study found that 73% of children with ADHD showed a decrease in symptoms when artificial food dyes and preservatives were eliminated.

• #6 Health Implications of Artificial Food Dyes: do they cause hyperactivity, cancer, and IBD?

  https://dietitiansuccesscenter.com/health-implications-of-artificial-food-dyes-do-they-cause-hyperactivity-cancer-and-ibd/

  Artificial food dyes (like Red 40, Blue 1, Yellow 5 and Yellow 6) are commonly used in processed foods and beverages to enhance their appearance and appeal to consumers. […] Hyperactivity in children is one of the most prominent ties with artificial food dyes. The controversy started in the 1970s when a pediatric allergist, Dr. Ben Feingold, proposed a link between the two. […] Since then, numerous studies have looked at the potential link between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] Studies in 2004 and 2007, commissioned by the British Food Standards Agency (FSA) found a possible link between the consumption of six types of food colorings and hyperactivity in children. […] Overall, there needs to be more high-quality research to infer a direct link between hyperactivity and food dyes. Artificial food dyes are unlikely to cause generalized adverse effects in all children but may affect some sensitive children.

• #7 Could Food Dyes Disrupt Children’s Behavior and Learning? – VEGGIEMAN

  https://veggieman.com/could-food-dyes-disrupt-childrens-behavior-and-learning/

  Studies suggest artificial food dyes are a major dietary culprit that could impact some childrens behavior and learning. […] Dr. Feingold had observed that certain food additives, including food dyes, seemed to increase the risk of hyperactivity and other behavior problems. […] For example, in a study of 200 hyperactive children, 150 of them (75%) experienced improved behavior when artificial food dyes were eliminated from their diet for six weeks. […] All three studies showed a small but significant effect of the dyes on the childrens behavior. […] Further investigation suggested that certain genetic factors play a role in food dye sensitivity. […] According to the Feingold Association and scientific studies, artificial food dyes (as well as some other food additives) have been linked with significant hyperactivity, impulsive actions, compulsive behaviors, emotional concerns, difficulty thinking, short attention span, nerve/muscle symptoms, and sleep issues. […] Keep in mind that many of the above symptoms can have more than one cause.

• #8 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9052604/

  OEHHA evaluated the literature to determine whether there is any evidence supporting the association of exposure to synthetic food dyes with adverse neurobehavioral impacts in children in the general population with or without a diagnosis of ADHD. […] Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of a positive association, and in 13 (52%) the association was statistically significant. […] Positive associations were also more frequently reported in studies published after the year 1990 (83.3 vs. 57.9%, p =0.26), in studies that used validated metrics for assessing outcome (70.6 vs. 50.0%, p =0.17) and in studies with larger numbers of participants. […] Current evidence from studies in humans, largely from controlled exposure studies in children, supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders.

• #9 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Another study found that food dyes, along with sodium benzoate, increased hyperactivity in both 3-year-olds and a group of 8- and 9-year-olds. […] Tartrazine, also known as Yellow 5, has been associated with behavioral changes including irritability, restlessness, depression and difficulty with sleeping. […] A 2004 analysis of 15 studies concluded that artificial food dyes do increase hyperactivity in children. […] While effects from food dyes have been observed in children with and without ADHD, some children seem much more sensitive to dyes than others. […] Studies suggest there is a small but significant association between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. Some children seem to be more sensitive to dyes than others. […] The claim about food dyes that has the strongest science to back it up is the connection between food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] Several studies have found that food dyes increase hyperactivity in children with and without ADHD, although some children seem to be more sensitive than others.

• #10 Some Food Additives Raise Hyperactivity, Study Finds – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/health/research/06hyper.html

  Common food additives and colorings can increase hyperactive behavior in a broad range of children, a study being released today found. […] Numerous support groups for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have for years recommended removing such ingredients from diets, although experts have continued to debate the evidence. […] The new research, which was financed by Britain’s Food Standards Agency and published online by the British medical journal The Lancet, presents regulators with a number of issues: Should foods containing preservatives and artificial colors carry warning labels? Should some additives be prohibited entirely? Should school cafeterias remove foods with additives? […] “A mix of additives commonly found in children’s foods increases the mean level of hyperactivity,” wrote the researchers, led by Jim Stevenson, a professor of psychology at the University of Southampton. “The finding lends strong support for the case that food additives exacerbate hyperactive behaviors (inattention, impulsivity and overactivity) at least into middle childhood.”

• #11 Some Food Additives Raise Hyperactivity, Study Finds – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/health/research/06hyper.html

  The researchers discovered that children in both age groups were significantly more hyperactive and that they had shorter attention spans if they had consumed the drink containing the additives. […] The study’s authors noted that other research suggested that the hyperactivity could increase in as little as an hour after artificial additives were consumed. […] The Lancet study could not determine which of the additives caused the poor performances because all the children received a mix. “This was a very complicated study, and it will take an even more complicated study to figure out which components caused the effect,” Professor Stevenson said.

• #12 Food additives | Food Standards Agency

  https://www.food.gov.uk/safety-hygiene/food-additives

  We funded research into possible links between food colours and hyperactivity in children. It found that consuming certain artificial food colours could cause increased hyperactivity in some children. […] Food and drink containing any of these six colours must carry a warning on the packaging. This will say May have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children. […] Its important to remember that hyperactivity can also be caused by other things. So being careful about what a child eats may help manage hyperactive behaviour but it may not stop it.

• #13 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

• #14 Does Artificial Food Coloring Contribute to ADHD in Children? | Scientific American

  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/does-artificial-food-coloring-contribute-to-adhd-in-children/

  Joel Nigg, professor of psychiatry, pediatrics and behavioral neuroscience at Oregon Health Science University, says the studies support the link between dyes and hyperactivity. […] A 2012 meta-analysis of studies co-authored by Nigg concluded that color additives have an effect on hyperactive behavior in children, with a small subset showing more extreme behavior than others. […] Studies have also shown removing foods containing artificial dyes via restriction diets can successfully decrease hyperactivity but Nigg says this is likely because removing processed foods in general is healthier and results in better behavioral outcomes for children with ADHD. […] Bernard Weiss, professor emeritus of the Department of Environmental Medicine at the University of Rochester Medical Center who has researched this issue for decades, says he is frustrated that the FDA has not acted on the research showing the connection between artificial dyes and hyperactivity. […] Weiss supports banning artificial colors until companies have evidence that they cause no harm. […] Nigg says the FDA should require manufacturers to include a label saying artificial colors could affect hyperactivity in some children, like the E.U. does.

• #15 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Another study found that food dyes, along with sodium benzoate, increased hyperactivity in both 3-year-olds and a group of 8- and 9-year-olds. […] Tartrazine, also known as Yellow 5, has been associated with behavioral changes including irritability, restlessness, depression and difficulty with sleeping. […] A 2004 analysis of 15 studies concluded that artificial food dyes do increase hyperactivity in children. […] While effects from food dyes have been observed in children with and without ADHD, some children seem much more sensitive to dyes than others. […] Studies suggest there is a small but significant association between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. Some children seem to be more sensitive to dyes than others. […] The claim about food dyes that has the strongest science to back it up is the connection between food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] Several studies have found that food dyes increase hyperactivity in children with and without ADHD, although some children seem to be more sensitive than others.

• #16 New report shows artificial food coloring causes hyperactivity in some kids | UC Berkeley Public Health

  https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/news-media/research-highlights/new-report-shows-artificial-food-coloring-causes-hyperactivity-in-some-kids

  A report released in April 2021 by the state of California with contributors from UC Berkeley and UC Davis confirmed the long-suspected belief that the consumption of synthetic food dyes can cause hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues for some children. […] Evidence shows that synthetic food dyes are associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in some children, said OEHHA Director Lauren Zeise. […] Researchers found that all of the FDAs Acceptable Daily Intake levels (ADIs) for synthetic food dyes are based on 35- to 70-year-old studies that were not designed to detect the types of behavioral effects that have been observed in children. […] Comparisons with newer studies indicate that the current ADIs may not adequately protect children from behavioral effects.

• #17

  https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/artificial-food-dyes-may-cause-behavior-problems-bill-aims-warn-parent-rcna5989

  Parents who remove synthetic colors like Red 40 from their kids diets call it transformative, but the FDA has said dyes don’t affect most children. […] The Snows are part of a growing number of families, scientists, pediatricians and legislators who believe there is a strong connection between synthetic food dyes and childrens behavior something the Food and Drug Administration does not entirely agree with. […] In 2011, the FDA reviewed the possible link between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity and determined no causal relationship could be established for children in the general population who have not been diagnosed with behavioral disorders. […] The evidence supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders.

• #18 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9052604/

  OEHHA evaluated the literature to determine whether there is any evidence supporting the association of exposure to synthetic food dyes with adverse neurobehavioral impacts in children in the general population with or without a diagnosis of ADHD. […] Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of a positive association, and in 13 (52%) the association was statistically significant. […] Positive associations were also more frequently reported in studies published after the year 1990 (83.3 vs. 57.9%, p =0.26), in studies that used validated metrics for assessing outcome (70.6 vs. 50.0%, p =0.17) and in studies with larger numbers of participants. […] Current evidence from studies in humans, largely from controlled exposure studies in children, supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders.

• #19 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence | Environmental Health | Full Text

  https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9

  Our epidemiologic review focused on clinical trials. […] In total, 27 clinical trials were identified that met each of the following criteria: […] A neurobehavioral outcome related to hyperactivity or inattention was assessed. […] Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of an association and in 13 (52%), the association was statistically significant. […] Positive associations were also more frequently reported in studies published after the year 1990. […] A high-quality meta-analysis is supportive of the hypothesis that synthetic food dye exposures is associated with adverse behavioral effects in children. […] Studies that included only children who were previously diagnosed with hyperactivity were not more likely to report positive associations between synthetic food dye exposure and poorer behavioral outcomes.

• #20 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9052604/

  OEHHA evaluated the literature to determine whether there is any evidence supporting the association of exposure to synthetic food dyes with adverse neurobehavioral impacts in children in the general population with or without a diagnosis of ADHD. […] Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of a positive association, and in 13 (52%) the association was statistically significant. […] Positive associations were also more frequently reported in studies published after the year 1990 (83.3 vs. 57.9%, p =0.26), in studies that used validated metrics for assessing outcome (70.6 vs. 50.0%, p =0.17) and in studies with larger numbers of participants. […] Current evidence from studies in humans, largely from controlled exposure studies in children, supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders.

• #21 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9052604/

  OEHHA evaluated the literature to determine whether there is any evidence supporting the association of exposure to synthetic food dyes with adverse neurobehavioral impacts in children in the general population with or without a diagnosis of ADHD. […] Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of a positive association, and in 13 (52%) the association was statistically significant. […] Positive associations were also more frequently reported in studies published after the year 1990 (83.3 vs. 57.9%, p =0.26), in studies that used validated metrics for assessing outcome (70.6 vs. 50.0%, p =0.17) and in studies with larger numbers of participants. […] Current evidence from studies in humans, largely from controlled exposure studies in children, supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders.

• #22 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence | Environmental Health | Full Text

  https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9

  Our review of animal toxicology studies was intended to examine neurobehavioral toxicity of food dyes and included any study administering one or more of the FDA registered food dyes and measuring a behavioral endpoint. […] Findings from these studies have greatly advanced our knowledge of neurobehavioral effects of synthetic food dyes. […] Current evidence from studies in humans, largely from controlled exposure studies in children, supports a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children, both with and without pre-existing behavioral disorders. […] Taken together, the scientific literature supports an effect of synthetic food dye exposures on neurobehavior in children at environmentally relevant exposure levels.

• #23 Food Dyes and Behavior in Children | Pinnacle Chiropractic

  https://www.pinnaclebradenton.com/blog/food-dyes-and-behavior-in-children

  There is growing evidence to suggest that food dyes can have a negative impact on behavior in children. […] Some studies have found that children who consume large amounts of food dyes may be more likely to experience hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. […] Other studies have found a link between food dyes and aggression, irritability, and other behavioral problems like ADHD. […] It is believed that food dyes may affect behavior by disrupting the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. […] When food dyes are consumed in large amounts, they may interfere with the function of these neurotransmitters, leading to changes in behavior. […] If you are concerned about the impact of food dyes on your child’s behavior, it is important to limit their exposure to these additives and focus on providing them with a healthy, balanced diet.

• #24 Food Coloring and Mental Health: Is There A Link?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/food-coloring-and-mental-health

  In recent years, there have been many questions and debates surrounding food dye and its role in hyperactivity and behavioral changes in children. […] According to a study conducted in the UK that investigated the behavioral effects of artificial food dyes and sodium benzoate (a preservative), when certain combinations of additives were put into the same food item, hyperactivity would increase in both preschool-aged and school-aged children. […] Many parents report that their children exhibit some kind of behavioral change after they have consumed food containing artificial dyes. These behavioral changes include an increase in restlessness, tantrums, mood swings, and problems with concentration. […] Researchers have indicated that artificial dyes cause neurotransmitter disruption. This means that they interfere with the chemical signaling of the brain to affect mood and attention span.

• #25 Does Red Food Dye Really Affect Kids’ Behavior? | Epicurious

  https://www.epicurious.com/expert-advice/does-red-food-dye-really-affect-kids-behavior-article

  Probably, as do other artificial food colorings, but experts say more research is needed. […] There’s a common belief among parents of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder that their kids do better without it in their diet. […] Research shows that Blue No. 1, for instance, is the only dye that crosses the blood-brain barrier. […] Scientists have been scrutinizing artificial food colorings since 1973, when a pediatrician named Dr. Benjamin Feingold first proposed a link between food dyes and hyperactivity in kids. […] The randomized, double-blind studies were pretty convincing to some, but other factors, such as the food colorings and preservative being mixed and consumed together as one drink rather than isolated, left room for doubt. […] Several reviews and meta-analyses since 2011 have concluded that removing food dyes has a positive behavioral effect on some kids with ADHD.

• #26 Is Red Dye 40 The Cause of Your Child’s Hyperactivity?

  https://hes-extraordinary.com/red-dye-40

  Currently, research is raising more and more concerns regarding red dye 40 and other artificial food colors. […] The National Institute of Health (NIH) believes that current scientific research is too substantial to dismiss, but more research into red dye 40 needs to be conducted to understand its effects fully. […] Research shows that consuming red dye 40 affects the metabolism of other nutrients and affects brain functioning without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Red Dye 40 can cause DNA damage, contribute to colonic inflammation, and negatively affect the microbiome. It also causes pediatric hyperactivity and learning issues. […] The research isn’t suggesting that artificial food colors like red dye 40 are causing ADHD. It’s believed that red dye and other artificial food colors cause pediatric hyperactivity and learning issues. […] Consumption of red dye 40 has quadrupled in the last 50 years. […] Additionally, research shows red dye 40 alters the composition of microorganisms in the gut, leading to increased susceptibility to inflammation.

• #27 How food dye can affect children | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/mental-health/food-dye

  You might have wondered why your son or daughter became hyper and irritable after having a blue sports drink or eating a colorfully iced cookie or piece of cake. […] Food dyes can make some children and teens hyperactive and moody or irritable, according to available research. […] Though food dyes dont cause disorders such as anxiety or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), they could make those conditions worse. […] Even children and young adults without a mental health condition could become agitated after having food dye. […] Food dyes can make ADHD symptoms worse. […] Children who have a pattern of being angry, irritable and defying parents and other people in authority can experience more of those behaviors after having food or drinks with artificial dyes. […] Food dyes could affect how bacteria in the gut function, making anxiety worse.

• #28 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  Their findings were that Red No. 3 and 40, along with Yellow No. 5, have the most notable effects of artificial dyes when it comes to children’s behaviors. […] Multiple studies have been geared towards the combo effect of food coloring with the additive Sodium Benzoate. […] Results revealed a significant increase in hyperactivity during the additive weeks. […] On the placebo days, there was a significant improvement in their symptoms compared to food additive days. […] Many of the other food additives may impact gut health and a child’s microbiome, which can have an effect on brain health. […] Potential impacts on the microbiota have been assessed when it comes to the mentioned categories of food additives. […] Newer research has suggested that high fructose diets may contribute to brain inflammation and ADHD behaviors. […] While an independent correlation has not been established, evidence suggests it is a compounded contributor to impulsive behaviors. […] Dietary implications for ADHD should be considered, as evidence suggests there may be a correlation.

• #29 Health Implications of Artificial Food Dyes: do they cause hyperactivity, cancer, and IBD?

  https://dietitiansuccesscenter.com/health-implications-of-artificial-food-dyes-do-they-cause-hyperactivity-cancer-and-ibd/

  There has been concern about the adverse health effects of artificial food dyes, including hyperactivity in children, allergic reactions, cancer, and gut inflammation. […] The research on whether artificial food dyes cause cancer is mixed and inconclusive. […] A recent (December 2022) Canadian study found a link between exposure to red food dye 40 (Allura Red) and colitis in rats. […] However, more research is needed in this area, as animal studies do not predict human reactions.

• #30 Is Red Dye 40 The Cause of Your Child’s Hyperactivity?

  https://hes-extraordinary.com/red-dye-40

  Currently, research is raising more and more concerns regarding red dye 40 and other artificial food colors. […] The National Institute of Health (NIH) believes that current scientific research is too substantial to dismiss, but more research into red dye 40 needs to be conducted to understand its effects fully. […] Research shows that consuming red dye 40 affects the metabolism of other nutrients and affects brain functioning without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Red Dye 40 can cause DNA damage, contribute to colonic inflammation, and negatively affect the microbiome. It also causes pediatric hyperactivity and learning issues. […] The research isn’t suggesting that artificial food colors like red dye 40 are causing ADHD. It’s believed that red dye and other artificial food colors cause pediatric hyperactivity and learning issues. […] Consumption of red dye 40 has quadrupled in the last 50 years. […] Additionally, research shows red dye 40 alters the composition of microorganisms in the gut, leading to increased susceptibility to inflammation.

• #31 Red Dye 40: Allergies, Sensitivity, and Safety

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/red-and-yellow-may-be-the-cause-3956894

  Red Dye 40 has been associated with migraines and ADHD symptoms […] Some studies have linked Red Dye 40 to migraines and worsening symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in kids. […] Some research has shown that for kids with ADHD, restricting or eliminating Red Dye 40 from their diets can improve their symptoms. […] One study suggested that 8% of children diagnosed with ADHD may have symptoms related to eating synthetic food colors, including Red Dye 40. […] Research has also suggested that immune hypersensitivity to the chemical components of artificial food dyes could cause the behavioral symptoms that some children with ADHD experience when they consume the dyes. […] Most people with ADHD do not notice changes in their symptoms related to food dye. However, a genetic predisposition to a food dye-associated immune reaction could be one reason why some people with ADHD do experience behavioral changes in response to food dyes.

• #32 Artificial Food Dyes and ADD/ADHD – Functional Medicine Denver – Integrated Health Systems

  https://integratedbraincenters.com/artificial-food-addadhd/

  Food dyes have also been shown to cause iron loss in urine. […] Additionally, food colorings and other artificial additives put an extra strain on the liver, responsible for breaking down and removing them from the body. […] Artificial food colorings also increase release of histamine, a chemical produced during allergic responses. […] Eliminating food colorings from the diet appears to be an effective and simple measure both for prevention and treatment of ADHD behavior.

• #33 Food Dye Effects: Hyperactivity, Cancer, & Allergies?

  https://www.mindbodydad.com/dad/food-dye-effects

  A review of food dyes, Toxicology of food dyes, found that „hypersensitivity reactions” have been the cause of Blue 1, Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6. […] Finally, a meta-analysis of 15 double-blind placebo-controlled studies found that there is a higher prevalence of hyperactivity in children when they consume food coloring. […] The review of food dyes mentioned above found that benzidine and other cancer-causing agents have been found in Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6. […] In a study on patients who already had allergies, yellow 5 created a variety of concerns including weakness, palpitations, blurred vision, and a runny nose. […] In sum, a 2012 review of food dyes reports that all of the nine currently US-approved dyes raise health concerns of varying degrees. […] The effects of food dye have been shown to increase the risk of hyperactivity, allergies, and even cancer.

• #34 Do Food Dyes Cause Hyperactivity? – Plant Based Juniors

  https://plantbasedjuniors.com/food-dyes-and-hyperactivity/

  Consumption of food dyes was associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children, though children vary in their sensitivity. […] The studies that form the basis of the ADIs, are 35 to almost 70 years old, and as such were not capable of detecting the types of neurobehavioral outcomes assessed in later studies. […] Interestingly, some researchers suggest a genetic component that may determine whether a child with ADHD will have exacerbated hyperactivity symptoms from consuming food dyes. […] Bottom line: artificial food dyes (and other preservatives) dont offer any health benefits. So whether theyre problematic for your child or not, theres no reason to include them in the diet if you dont have to. […] Is there a link between food dye and behavior problems? Does food coloring cause hyperactivity? It appears so but also depends on your child and their susceptibility.

• #35

  https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/food-dye-effects-behavior-ADHD

  It’s also worth noting that the OEHHA study concludes that „it is clear that some children are likely to be more adversely affected by synthetic food dyes than others.” […] For its part, the FDA says that existing research, including the OEHHA reports, still has not shown that food dyes are uniquely responsible for exacerbated symptoms of behavioral conditions.

• #36 Are Food Dyes Bad For Your Health? | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/112745

  In September, California became the first state in the nation to ban six artificial food dyes from meals served in public schools. […] The move followed a 2021 report from the state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) that concluded the body of evidence supported a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in some kids. […] „It is primarily based on that human evidence that we have reached this conclusion that food dyes cause behavioral problems in some kids, and that is backed up by the animal evidence and the mechanistic evidence,” Galligan said. […] „I don’t think we need more research. I think the evidence is crystal clear that food dyes are causing behavioral problems in some kids.” […] „These children may represent a particularly susceptible subgroup based on genetic factors and may explain some of the inconsistencies in studies failing to account for this factor,” OEHHA report authors wrote.

• #37

  https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/can-food-dyes-cause-or-affect-adhd/

  Color dye is now being investigated by the Food and Drug Administration to see if certain colors added to enhance the look of the foods your kids love to eat will affect their behavior in the end. […] „We know that certain chemicals that are synthetic, whether they’re dyes or whether they’re things in the environment, can sometimes cause behavioral symptoms. And a lot of the research shows recently that these food dyes may be exacerbating or producing ADHD symptoms,” said Dr. Bober. […] Researchers say the yellow dyes deplete zinc levels enough in some kids to cause hyperactivity. The Red 40 may lead to temper tantrums, aggressive behavior, fidgeting, anxiety, and inability to concentrate. Nausea and headaches are also common. […] The FDA took a hard look at this last spring. They did say food dye could affect kids like Fredereich who already have ADHD, but they decided not to put warning labels on food because the topic still needs more research.

• #38 Artificial Food Dyes and ADD/ADHD – Functional Medicine Denver – Integrated Health Systems

  https://integratedbraincenters.com/artificial-food-addadhd/

  Food dyes have also been shown to cause iron loss in urine. […] Additionally, food colorings and other artificial additives put an extra strain on the liver, responsible for breaking down and removing them from the body. […] Artificial food colorings also increase release of histamine, a chemical produced during allergic responses. […] Eliminating food colorings from the diet appears to be an effective and simple measure both for prevention and treatment of ADHD behavior.

• #39

  https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/can-food-dyes-cause-or-affect-adhd/

  Color dye is now being investigated by the Food and Drug Administration to see if certain colors added to enhance the look of the foods your kids love to eat will affect their behavior in the end. […] „We know that certain chemicals that are synthetic, whether they’re dyes or whether they’re things in the environment, can sometimes cause behavioral symptoms. And a lot of the research shows recently that these food dyes may be exacerbating or producing ADHD symptoms,” said Dr. Bober. […] Researchers say the yellow dyes deplete zinc levels enough in some kids to cause hyperactivity. The Red 40 may lead to temper tantrums, aggressive behavior, fidgeting, anxiety, and inability to concentrate. Nausea and headaches are also common. […] The FDA took a hard look at this last spring. They did say food dye could affect kids like Fredereich who already have ADHD, but they decided not to put warning labels on food because the topic still needs more research.

• #40 Red dye 40 and ADHD: List of foods, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/red-dye-40-adhd

  Red 40 and other dyes may worsen the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in some, but more research is needed. […] Research in both animals and humans has shown synthetic color additives such as red dye 40 to have links to ADHD symptoms and other neurobehavioral conditions. […] However, research has since shown that they can cause ADHD symptoms and that some children are particularly sensitive to their effects. […] According to a 2021 report from the state of California, research does indicate that children who consume synthetic food dyes, including red dye 40, can experience hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues. […] Many studies on synthetic color additives look at red dye 40. Although the data vary, the majority of studies report at least some connection between color additives and ADHD symptoms.

• #41 Red Dye 40 and ADHD: Health Risks and Foods to Avoid

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/red-dye-40-adhd-5220957

  In children with ADHD, red dye 40 may exacerbate symptoms of hyperactivity and irritability. […] Red dye 40 may cause tantrums and other strong emotional responses in children who are sensitive to the dye. Red dye 40 is known to exacerbate symptoms of ADHD. […] A review of 27 clinical studies found that even a single exposure can lead to behavioral changes, with long-term effects possible from chronic exposure. […] There is substantial evidence that red dye 40 exacerbates ADHD symptoms, including hyperactivity and irritability. […] It has also been found to trigger behavioral changes in sensitive children who do not have pre-existing behavioral disorders.

• #42 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  Their findings were that Red No. 3 and 40, along with Yellow No. 5, have the most notable effects of artificial dyes when it comes to children’s behaviors. […] Multiple studies have been geared towards the combo effect of food coloring with the additive Sodium Benzoate. […] Results revealed a significant increase in hyperactivity during the additive weeks. […] On the placebo days, there was a significant improvement in their symptoms compared to food additive days. […] Many of the other food additives may impact gut health and a child’s microbiome, which can have an effect on brain health. […] Potential impacts on the microbiota have been assessed when it comes to the mentioned categories of food additives. […] Newer research has suggested that high fructose diets may contribute to brain inflammation and ADHD behaviors. […] While an independent correlation has not been established, evidence suggests it is a compounded contributor to impulsive behaviors. […] Dietary implications for ADHD should be considered, as evidence suggests there may be a correlation.

• #43 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Another study found that food dyes, along with sodium benzoate, increased hyperactivity in both 3-year-olds and a group of 8- and 9-year-olds. […] Tartrazine, also known as Yellow 5, has been associated with behavioral changes including irritability, restlessness, depression and difficulty with sleeping. […] A 2004 analysis of 15 studies concluded that artificial food dyes do increase hyperactivity in children. […] While effects from food dyes have been observed in children with and without ADHD, some children seem much more sensitive to dyes than others. […] Studies suggest there is a small but significant association between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. Some children seem to be more sensitive to dyes than others. […] The claim about food dyes that has the strongest science to back it up is the connection between food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] Several studies have found that food dyes increase hyperactivity in children with and without ADHD, although some children seem to be more sensitive than others.

• #44 Food Dye Effects: Hyperactivity, Cancer, & Allergies?

  https://www.mindbodydad.com/dad/food-dye-effects

  A review of food dyes, Toxicology of food dyes, found that „hypersensitivity reactions” have been the cause of Blue 1, Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6. […] Finally, a meta-analysis of 15 double-blind placebo-controlled studies found that there is a higher prevalence of hyperactivity in children when they consume food coloring. […] The review of food dyes mentioned above found that benzidine and other cancer-causing agents have been found in Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6. […] In a study on patients who already had allergies, yellow 5 created a variety of concerns including weakness, palpitations, blurred vision, and a runny nose. […] In sum, a 2012 review of food dyes reports that all of the nine currently US-approved dyes raise health concerns of varying degrees. […] The effects of food dye have been shown to increase the risk of hyperactivity, allergies, and even cancer.

• #45 Synthetic food dyes: A rainbow of risks | Center for Science in the Public Interest

  https://www.cspinet.org/cspi-news/synthetic-food-dyes-rainbow-risks

  Evidence of the link between synthetic food dyes and neurobehavioral problems in children, including hyperactivity and inattention, has been accumulating for decades. […] Concern about synthetic food dyes has recently revolved around neurobehavioral impacts on children, in particular exacerbation of attentional problems, such as in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other behavioral outcomes. […] Notably, OEHHA also concluded that the FDAs safe levels, or Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs), are inadequate to protect children from these harmful effects. […] Yellow 5 […] triggers hyperactivity in some children.

• #46 Food Dyes and Behavior in Kids: A Dietitian shares everything you need to know – Sarah Remmer, RD

  https://www.sarahremmer.com/food-dyes-and-behavior-in-kids/

  Studies conducted on rats and mice offer evidence that artificial food dyes, including Red No.3, Red No. 40, Yellow No.5, and Yellow No.6, may lead to temporary cognitive and behavioral effects such as changes in activity level (eg. restlessness), impacted memory, and struggles with learning. […] Artificial food dyes consumed on occasion, and in small amounts, pose little risk for behavioral problems in most children. […] If you observe a significant change in your child’s behavior after they consume colorful icing on a cupcake or drink colorful fruit punch, it might indicate a reaction to food color. […] There is a lot of hype around food dyes and how they impact behavior in children, but what about how they impact other areas of our health? […] The answer is not straightforward, however what I can say that there is no research to definitively show that food dyes cause cancer in children. […] On a positive note, the animal studies that look at the most common food dyes consumed by children show no evidence of cancer-causing effects.

• #47 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  Their findings were that Red No. 3 and 40, along with Yellow No. 5, have the most notable effects of artificial dyes when it comes to children’s behaviors. […] Multiple studies have been geared towards the combo effect of food coloring with the additive Sodium Benzoate. […] Results revealed a significant increase in hyperactivity during the additive weeks. […] On the placebo days, there was a significant improvement in their symptoms compared to food additive days. […] Many of the other food additives may impact gut health and a child’s microbiome, which can have an effect on brain health. […] Potential impacts on the microbiota have been assessed when it comes to the mentioned categories of food additives. […] Newer research has suggested that high fructose diets may contribute to brain inflammation and ADHD behaviors. […] While an independent correlation has not been established, evidence suggests it is a compounded contributor to impulsive behaviors. […] Dietary implications for ADHD should be considered, as evidence suggests there may be a correlation.

• #48 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  Their findings were that Red No. 3 and 40, along with Yellow No. 5, have the most notable effects of artificial dyes when it comes to children’s behaviors. […] Multiple studies have been geared towards the combo effect of food coloring with the additive Sodium Benzoate. […] Results revealed a significant increase in hyperactivity during the additive weeks. […] On the placebo days, there was a significant improvement in their symptoms compared to food additive days. […] Many of the other food additives may impact gut health and a child’s microbiome, which can have an effect on brain health. […] Potential impacts on the microbiota have been assessed when it comes to the mentioned categories of food additives. […] Newer research has suggested that high fructose diets may contribute to brain inflammation and ADHD behaviors. […] While an independent correlation has not been established, evidence suggests it is a compounded contributor to impulsive behaviors. […] Dietary implications for ADHD should be considered, as evidence suggests there may be a correlation.

• #49 The Impact of Artificial Food Dyes on Autism & ADHD | Autism Dietitian

  https://www.autismdietitian.com/blog/artificial-dyes-autim-adhd

  hyperactivity. […] A meta-analysis linking autism and food colors was published in early 2020 and had some ground-breaking discoveries. It clearly outlined that food colors Blue 1 and 2, Green 3, Red 3, Yellow 5 and 6, Citrus Red 2, and Red 40 can trigger many behaviors in most kids, specifically hyperactivity. […] They also found there to be a specific correlation between yellow dye and sleep disturbance.

• #50 Food colouring – what’s all the hype about? — Angela Berrill

  https://www.angelaberrill.com/blog/food-colouring

  The Southampton Six are six food colours (Tartrazine (102), Quinoline Yellow (104), Sunset Yellow FCF (110), Ponceau 4R (124), Allura Red AC (129) and Carmoisine (122)) that were linked to hyperactivity in children in a study funded by the UK Food Standards Agency in 2007. […] A subsequent review by the EFSA, which included the evidence from the Southampton study, concluded that the available evidence did not indicate a causal link between exposure to the colours and effects on behaviour. […] In addition, the FDA (2011) also reviewed the evidence and found that there was still no evidence to support a link between food colouring causing hyperactivity.

• #51 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Another study found that food dyes, along with sodium benzoate, increased hyperactivity in both 3-year-olds and a group of 8- and 9-year-olds. […] Tartrazine, also known as Yellow 5, has been associated with behavioral changes including irritability, restlessness, depression and difficulty with sleeping. […] A 2004 analysis of 15 studies concluded that artificial food dyes do increase hyperactivity in children. […] While effects from food dyes have been observed in children with and without ADHD, some children seem much more sensitive to dyes than others. […] Studies suggest there is a small but significant association between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. Some children seem to be more sensitive to dyes than others. […] The claim about food dyes that has the strongest science to back it up is the connection between food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] Several studies have found that food dyes increase hyperactivity in children with and without ADHD, although some children seem to be more sensitive than others.

• #52 Red Dye and ADHD: Is There a Link? | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/adhd/red-dye-and-adhd

  While artificial food colorings havent been shown to cause ADHD, a link between food dyes and hyperactivity has long been suspected. […] Current science suggests that while artificial food colorings (AFCs) dont cause ADHD, theyre linked to negative neurobehavioral outcomes in the general population. […] AFCs do not seem to cause ADHD. […] AFCs do seem to be a possible contributor to adverse effects in attention and hyperactivity in all children. […] A relationship exists between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes for children in the general population. […] It may be beneficial to avoid foods containing Red and Yellow food dyes given their adverse effects in animal toxicology. […] Small changes might have significant benefits to some individuals. So if you feel like you or someone you know seems to be affected by food dyes, reducing foods that contain these dyes may be worth a try.

• #53 Red Dye 40: Allergies, Sensitivity, and Safety

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/red-and-yellow-may-be-the-cause-3956894

  Red Dye 40 has been associated with migraines and ADHD symptoms […] Some studies have linked Red Dye 40 to migraines and worsening symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in kids. […] Some research has shown that for kids with ADHD, restricting or eliminating Red Dye 40 from their diets can improve their symptoms. […] One study suggested that 8% of children diagnosed with ADHD may have symptoms related to eating synthetic food colors, including Red Dye 40. […] Research has also suggested that immune hypersensitivity to the chemical components of artificial food dyes could cause the behavioral symptoms that some children with ADHD experience when they consume the dyes. […] Most people with ADHD do not notice changes in their symptoms related to food dye. However, a genetic predisposition to a food dye-associated immune reaction could be one reason why some people with ADHD do experience behavioral changes in response to food dyes.

• #54 Could Food Dyes Disrupt Children’s Behavior and Learning? – VEGGIEMAN

  https://veggieman.com/could-food-dyes-disrupt-childrens-behavior-and-learning/

  Studies suggest artificial food dyes are a major dietary culprit that could impact some childrens behavior and learning. […] Dr. Feingold had observed that certain food additives, including food dyes, seemed to increase the risk of hyperactivity and other behavior problems. […] For example, in a study of 200 hyperactive children, 150 of them (75%) experienced improved behavior when artificial food dyes were eliminated from their diet for six weeks. […] All three studies showed a small but significant effect of the dyes on the childrens behavior. […] Further investigation suggested that certain genetic factors play a role in food dye sensitivity. […] According to the Feingold Association and scientific studies, artificial food dyes (as well as some other food additives) have been linked with significant hyperactivity, impulsive actions, compulsive behaviors, emotional concerns, difficulty thinking, short attention span, nerve/muscle symptoms, and sleep issues. […] Keep in mind that many of the above symptoms can have more than one cause.

• #55 Red Dye 40: Allergies, Sensitivity, and Safety

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/red-and-yellow-may-be-the-cause-3956894

  Red Dye 40 has been associated with migraines and ADHD symptoms […] Some studies have linked Red Dye 40 to migraines and worsening symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in kids. […] Some research has shown that for kids with ADHD, restricting or eliminating Red Dye 40 from their diets can improve their symptoms. […] One study suggested that 8% of children diagnosed with ADHD may have symptoms related to eating synthetic food colors, including Red Dye 40. […] Research has also suggested that immune hypersensitivity to the chemical components of artificial food dyes could cause the behavioral symptoms that some children with ADHD experience when they consume the dyes. […] Most people with ADHD do not notice changes in their symptoms related to food dye. However, a genetic predisposition to a food dye-associated immune reaction could be one reason why some people with ADHD do experience behavioral changes in response to food dyes.

• #56 How food dye can affect children | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/mental-health/food-dye

  You might have wondered why your son or daughter became hyper and irritable after having a blue sports drink or eating a colorfully iced cookie or piece of cake. […] Food dyes can make some children and teens hyperactive and moody or irritable, according to available research. […] Though food dyes dont cause disorders such as anxiety or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), they could make those conditions worse. […] Even children and young adults without a mental health condition could become agitated after having food dye. […] Food dyes can make ADHD symptoms worse. […] Children who have a pattern of being angry, irritable and defying parents and other people in authority can experience more of those behaviors after having food or drinks with artificial dyes. […] Food dyes could affect how bacteria in the gut function, making anxiety worse.

• #57 Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/do-artificial-food-colors-cause-adhd-symptoms/

  Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? […] Although the precise cause of ADHD is unknown, research has shown that the disorder is an inherited condition in the majority of people. […] Research, however, does not support the view that ADHD is caused by food additives or coloring. […] What the research did seem to show was some children and adults have a sensitivity, or allergy, to artificial colors and preservatives. […] If your child’s behavior or inattention gets worse after eating foods with artificial food dyes, then consider avoiding them. […] Artificial food colors are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The harmful effect of artificial food colors does not appear to be confined to people diagnosed with ADHD.

• #58 Does Food Dye and Artificial Colors Impact ADHD Symptoms?

  https://www.joonapp.io/post/food-dye-and-adhd

  In addition, a 2012 meta-analysis examining the results of several different clinical trials determined that Although the evidence is too weak to justify action recommendations absent a strong precautionary stance, it is too substantial to dismiss. […] The California report concluded that these food dyes are, indeed, linked with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in some children. […] Food dyes have been linked to increased hyperactivity, but we cant conclude that its a direct cause of it. […] Experts say that some kids could be right on the threshold of ADHD (or between mild/moderate and severe ADHD). For these kids, food dyes could play a significant factor in pushing them over the edge. […] So does artificial food coloring cause ADHD? No. But there is research that suggests that it can have an impact and increase hyperactivity both for kids with ADHD and those without it.

• #59 Does Food Dye and Artificial Colors Impact ADHD Symptoms?

  https://www.joonapp.io/post/food-dye-and-adhd

  In addition, a 2012 meta-analysis examining the results of several different clinical trials determined that Although the evidence is too weak to justify action recommendations absent a strong precautionary stance, it is too substantial to dismiss. […] The California report concluded that these food dyes are, indeed, linked with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in some children. […] Food dyes have been linked to increased hyperactivity, but we cant conclude that its a direct cause of it. […] Experts say that some kids could be right on the threshold of ADHD (or between mild/moderate and severe ADHD). For these kids, food dyes could play a significant factor in pushing them over the edge. […] So does artificial food coloring cause ADHD? No. But there is research that suggests that it can have an impact and increase hyperactivity both for kids with ADHD and those without it.

• #60 Food Dye and ADHD: Food Coloring, Sugar, and Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/food-dye-adhd

  For more than 30 years, scientists have examined the relationship between food coloring and hyperactive behavior in children, but with mixed results. To date, no conclusive evidence has been found to show that food coloring causes ADHD. Some studies, though, have suggested an association between the two. Most likely, ADHD is caused by the combination of changes in brain structure, environmental factors, and heredity. […] The researchers found that hyperactive behavior by the 8- and 9-year-olds increased with both the mixtures containing artificial coloring additives. The hyperactive behavior of 3-year-olds increased with the first beverage but not necessarily with the second. They concluded that the results show an adverse effect on behavior after consumption of the food dyes. […] However, there has been no proof to date that sugar actually causes ADHD.

• #61 Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/do-artificial-food-colors-cause-adhd-symptoms/

  Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? […] Although the precise cause of ADHD is unknown, research has shown that the disorder is an inherited condition in the majority of people. […] Research, however, does not support the view that ADHD is caused by food additives or coloring. […] What the research did seem to show was some children and adults have a sensitivity, or allergy, to artificial colors and preservatives. […] If your child’s behavior or inattention gets worse after eating foods with artificial food dyes, then consider avoiding them. […] Artificial food colors are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The harmful effect of artificial food colors does not appear to be confined to people diagnosed with ADHD.

• #62 Food Coloring and Children with ADHD: Do Dyes Impact Behavior?FooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/food-coloring-dyes-adhd-symptoms/?srsltid=AfmBOopF3OAPtM2KpFrPc8Fl_nKZnD_-VIskRfO1lBrE3X2eyCx-jQKr

  Research suggests that synthetic food coloring affects ADHD symptoms in some children. […] Irritability. Extreme hyperactivity. Explosive anger. Anxiety, or even despondency. […] With growing frequency, parents are noting a connection between their children’s behavior and their consumption of food containing synthetic dyes — namely, red #3, red #40, and yellow #5. […] Based on research, including Nigg’s own review of the literature in 2012, restricting the consumption of synthetic food dyes does benefit some children with ADHD. […] Food dyes appear to be one of them. […] Although overall effects are small, it appears that food dyes trigger and/or worsen ADHD symptoms in some children. […] The FDA appears to acknowledge this in its 2011 findings. […] Food dyes probably make children with and without ADHD more irritable. […] ADHD is caused by the accumulating contributions of many small factors. […] Parents are well-advised to remove food dyes from their child’s diet if they can. […] Some children may experience more aggression and hyperactivity, and reduced attention and focus.

• #63 Does red dye cause ADHD?

  https://www.understood.org/en/articles/red-dye-adhd

  Artificial food dyes like Red 40 are used in countless products and have long been the subject of debate. […] But critics argue that they pose health and behavioral risks, especially for kids with ADHD. […] Kennedy has stated that these dyes are linked to ADHD and cancer. […] Red Dye 40 and other synthetic food dyes do not cause ADHD. ADHD is caused in part by differences in how the brain develops and functions. Genetics also plays a key role. […] Researchers have looked into environmental causes, too. Theyve found that some environmental factors, like early exposure to lead or mercury, may increase the risk of ADHD. But these factors dont cause the condition. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) acknowledges that artificial food dyes can worsen ADHD symptoms. They point to studies reporting decreased ADHD symptoms in kids who have cut dyes from their diet.

• #64 Red Dye 40 Side Effects and Food List

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/red-dye-40

  The color additive found in many pre-packaged foods may affect those with ADHD or allergies. […] But some studies have linked artificial food dyes like red dye 40 to hyperactivity, including ADHD. […] Some studies show a link between dyes and increased ADHD or hyperactivity in children. […] Potential side effects may include: Hyperactivity, including ADHD. […] I recommend minimizing food dyes in your kids diets, reiterates Zumpano.

• #65 Red Dye 40 and ADHD: Health Risks and Foods to Avoid

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/red-dye-40-adhd-5220957

  Some studies suggest a link between red dye 40 and ADHD behavior; the dye might trigger or exacerbate behavioral changes in sensitive children. […] The dye’s effects vary by individual, but it has been linked to hyperactivity, irritability, and trouble focusing. […] Researchers believe these symptoms may be due to its effects on the gut, brain, and immune system. […] Artificial food dyes, including red dye 40, have been linked to behavioral changes in sensitive children with and without diagnosed ADHD. […] Consuming food dyes may make ADHD symptoms worse. […] Research also shows that eliminating foods with artificial colors may significantly improve behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD and other mental health or behavioral disorders. […] Regular exposure to food dyes may exacerbate symptoms or contribute to the development of ADHD in children who have a predisposition to the disorder.

• #66

  https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/artificial-food-dyes-may-cause-behavior-problems-bill-aims-warn-parent-rcna5989

  In a statement to NBC News, the FDA acknowledged that some published data suggest that for certain susceptible children with ADHD and other problem behaviors, their condition may be exacerbated by exposure to several food substances, including, but not limited to artificial food colors, due to a unique intolerance or sensitivity. […] Nonetheless, many families say they can pinpoint dyes as the cause of their childrens issues. […] With kids that have attention problems, this is such an easy thing that could change the childs ability to focus and learn and socialize, she said. […] Synthetic food dyes should not be in the food supply, Lefferts said, adding that a warning label is the very least that should be done if they are not outright banned. We have children who its affecting their social lives, its affecting their families, its affecting their ability to function in school.

• #67 Red Dye 40, Food Additives and ADHD: Feed Your Child’s FocusFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/feed-your-childs-focus-adhd-food-nutrition/?srsltid=AfmBOorwWdiYJmqLfOeGzboBdZpSVIqZqsRVqvUXvJ4VMRGYjWBdK3Pv

  Research suggests that artificial food dyes, sugar, and sensitivities may exacerbate symptoms of ADHD in some children. […] Studies published in The Lancet, Pediatrics, and Journal of Pediatrics suggest that food additives adversely affect a population of children with ADHD. […] Some even indicate that artificial coloring and flavors, as well as the preservative sodium benzoate, can make even some kids without ADHD hyperactive. […] In 2004, one studied healthy preschoolers after giving them either a placebo or 20 milligrams of artificial dye mix plus sodium benzoate. They found that, when the children received the actual dye and sodium benzoate, they had a significant increase in hyperactivity. […] It found that both hyperactive children and non-hyperactive children experienced increased hyperactivity scores when given artificial food colors and additives, suggesting that the dyes are a general public health concern.

• #68 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  Their findings were that Red No. 3 and 40, along with Yellow No. 5, have the most notable effects of artificial dyes when it comes to children’s behaviors. […] Multiple studies have been geared towards the combo effect of food coloring with the additive Sodium Benzoate. […] Results revealed a significant increase in hyperactivity during the additive weeks. […] On the placebo days, there was a significant improvement in their symptoms compared to food additive days. […] Many of the other food additives may impact gut health and a child’s microbiome, which can have an effect on brain health. […] Potential impacts on the microbiota have been assessed when it comes to the mentioned categories of food additives. […] Newer research has suggested that high fructose diets may contribute to brain inflammation and ADHD behaviors. […] While an independent correlation has not been established, evidence suggests it is a compounded contributor to impulsive behaviors. […] Dietary implications for ADHD should be considered, as evidence suggests there may be a correlation.

• #69 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Food dyes can appear in a range of foods, from candies to salad dressing. […] Claims have been made that artificial dyes cause serious side effects, such as hyperactivity in children, as well as cancer and allergies. […] In 1973, a pediatric allergist claimed that hyperactivity and learning problems in children were caused by artificial food colorings and preservatives in food. […] Since then, several studies have found a small but significant association between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] One clinical study found that removing artificial food dyes from the diet, along with a preservative called sodium benzoate, significantly reduced hyperactive symptoms. […] A small study found that 73% of children with ADHD showed a decrease in symptoms when artificial food dyes and preservatives were eliminated.

• #70 Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes

  Food dyes can appear in a range of foods, from candies to salad dressing. […] Claims have been made that artificial dyes cause serious side effects, such as hyperactivity in children, as well as cancer and allergies. […] In 1973, a pediatric allergist claimed that hyperactivity and learning problems in children were caused by artificial food colorings and preservatives in food. […] Since then, several studies have found a small but significant association between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in children. […] One clinical study found that removing artificial food dyes from the diet, along with a preservative called sodium benzoate, significantly reduced hyperactive symptoms. […] A small study found that 73% of children with ADHD showed a decrease in symptoms when artificial food dyes and preservatives were eliminated.

• #71 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  Their findings were that Red No. 3 and 40, along with Yellow No. 5, have the most notable effects of artificial dyes when it comes to children’s behaviors. […] Multiple studies have been geared towards the combo effect of food coloring with the additive Sodium Benzoate. […] Results revealed a significant increase in hyperactivity during the additive weeks. […] On the placebo days, there was a significant improvement in their symptoms compared to food additive days. […] Many of the other food additives may impact gut health and a child’s microbiome, which can have an effect on brain health. […] Potential impacts on the microbiota have been assessed when it comes to the mentioned categories of food additives. […] Newer research has suggested that high fructose diets may contribute to brain inflammation and ADHD behaviors. […] While an independent correlation has not been established, evidence suggests it is a compounded contributor to impulsive behaviors. […] Dietary implications for ADHD should be considered, as evidence suggests there may be a correlation.

• #72 Red Dye 40, Food Additives and ADHD: Feed Your Child’s FocusFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/feed-your-childs-focus-adhd-food-nutrition/?srsltid=AfmBOorwWdiYJmqLfOeGzboBdZpSVIqZqsRVqvUXvJ4VMRGYjWBdK3Pv

  The FDA did admit that a population of children does react adversely to these dyes. […] Studies failed to uphold Feingold’s claims when he first made them, and most ADHD experts still dismiss the Feingold diet as ineffective. […] Yet some recent research suggests that the Feingold diet may, indeed, benefit the small percent of children with ADHD who seem sensitive to chemicals in food. […] The conclusion? Artificial colors do react adversely with ADHD symptoms in some children.

• #73 The Real Story About Food Dyes and Behavior | 2014-04-01 | CARLAT PUBLISHING

  https://www.thecarlatreport.com/articles/2189-the-real-story-about-food-dyes-and-behavior

  Weve seen these parents in our practice: those that say their children get hyper from eating a red Popsicle or that the orange mac and cheese makes their ADHD somehow worse. But whats the evidence that food dyes are actually related to behavior? […] The safety of artificial food colors (AFCs) has been questioned since as far back as 1973, when Benjamin Feingold proposed that they were making kids hyperactive, along with a host of other side effects. […] Food dyes have been examined in many studies dating back to the 1970s. Many studies have focused on comparing kids on a regular diet with kids on a specialized dye-free diet to see how these diets effect measures of hyperactivity. […] Various studies of elimination diets, where most foods are eliminated before being slowly re-introduced in order to observe effects, have found that introduction of AFCs has negative results on behavior of both children with ADHD and those without.

• #74 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence | Environmental Health | Full Text

  https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9

  Our epidemiologic review focused on clinical trials. […] In total, 27 clinical trials were identified that met each of the following criteria: […] A neurobehavioral outcome related to hyperactivity or inattention was assessed. […] Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of an association and in 13 (52%), the association was statistically significant. […] Positive associations were also more frequently reported in studies published after the year 1990. […] A high-quality meta-analysis is supportive of the hypothesis that synthetic food dye exposures is associated with adverse behavioral effects in children. […] Studies that included only children who were previously diagnosed with hyperactivity were not more likely to report positive associations between synthetic food dye exposure and poorer behavioral outcomes.

• #75 Do synthetic food colors cause hyperactivity? | The Seattle Times

  https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/health/do-synthetic-food-colors-cause-hyperactivity/

  While many factors can influence hyperactivity in children, including genes and environment, there is good evidence that artificial food colors can also increase levels of hyperactivity, said Jim Stevenson, the studys lead author and professor emeritus in the school of psychology at the University of Southampton. […] Some chemicals naturally present in strawberries, pineapples or some insecticides used on fruit also bother some people, said Michael B. Foggs, chief of allergy, asthma and immunology for Advocate Medical Group of Advocate Health Care. […] The uncertainty over the evidence leaves parents with many questions and pediatricians with few answers. […] At least half get some improvement by adjusting their diet, he said. […] Both girls improved after she removed the chemicals from their diet, she said.

• #76 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

• #77 Food additives | Food Standards Agency

  https://www.food.gov.uk/safety-hygiene/food-additives

  We funded research into possible links between food colours and hyperactivity in children. It found that consuming certain artificial food colours could cause increased hyperactivity in some children. […] Food and drink containing any of these six colours must carry a warning on the packaging. This will say May have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children. […] Its important to remember that hyperactivity can also be caused by other things. So being careful about what a child eats may help manage hyperactive behaviour but it may not stop it.

• #78 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

• #79 Do synthetic food colors cause hyperactivity? – Cognitive Solutions Learning Center

  https://www.helpforld.com/blog/do-synthetic-food-colors-cause-hyperactivity/

  The issue resurfaced in 2007 after University of Southampton researchers reported in the Lancet that hyperactive behavior increased in two groups of children age 3 and ages 8 and 9 when they consumed two different mixtures of artificial colors, plus a preservative. […] The British Food Standards Agency, which commissioned the trial, subsequently advised concerned parents to reduce or eliminate six colorings from their children’s diets. […] The FDA still maintains there’s no evidence of a link between dyes and hyperactivity.

• #80 Does Artificial Food Coloring Contribute to ADHD in Children? | Scientific American

  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/does-artificial-food-coloring-contribute-to-adhd-in-children/

  The FDA maintains dyes are safe, but some studies have linked them to hyperactivity in children. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration maintains artificial food dyes are safe but some research studies have found the dyes can contribute to hyperactive behavior in children. […] After a 2007 study in the U.K. showed that artificial colors and/or the common preservative sodium benzoate increased hyperactivity in children, the European Union started requiring food labels indicating that a product contains any one of six dyes that had been investigated. […] The FDA convened a Food Advisory Committee meeting in 2011 to review the existing research, and concluded that there was not sufficient evidence proving that foods with artificial colors caused hyperactivity in the general population.

• #81 What the Current Science Says About Hyperactivity and Food Colors – Food Insight

  https://foodinsight.org/what-the-current-science-says-about-hyperactivity-and-food-colors/

  In 2011, the FDA Food Advisory Committee convened to help answer researchers burning questions around the topic of food colors and hyperactivity. […] the FDA again concluded that there is not sufficient evidence that shows that food color additives increase hyperactivity and/or ADHD in children. […] currently scientists and regulatory agencies agree that there is not sufficient scientific evidence that links ADHD with food color additives and that more research is needed.

• #82 FDA panel finds no link between artificial food colorings and hyperactivity in most children – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/fda-panel-finds-no-link-between-artificial-food-colorings-and-hyperactivity-in-most-children-201104012184

  Parents, advocacy groups, and some scientists have long worried about a possible link between artificial food colorings and hyperactivity in children. On Thursday, an FDA panel concluded that there isnt enough evidence to prove that artificial food colorings contribute to hyperactivity, distractibility, and other behavior problems in most children. […] However, the panel wrote that certain children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be uniquely vulnerable, not just to food colorings, but to any number of food additives. […] Furthermore, the panel noted that the available evidence suggests that the children who are vulnerable to food additives have a unique intolerance to such substances, not that the substances themselves are inherently toxic to the nervous system.

• #83 Does red dye cause ADHD?

  https://www.understood.org/en/articles/red-dye-adhd

  Artificial food dyes like Red 40 are used in countless products and have long been the subject of debate. […] But critics argue that they pose health and behavioral risks, especially for kids with ADHD. […] Kennedy has stated that these dyes are linked to ADHD and cancer. […] Red Dye 40 and other synthetic food dyes do not cause ADHD. ADHD is caused in part by differences in how the brain develops and functions. Genetics also plays a key role. […] Researchers have looked into environmental causes, too. Theyve found that some environmental factors, like early exposure to lead or mercury, may increase the risk of ADHD. But these factors dont cause the condition. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) acknowledges that artificial food dyes can worsen ADHD symptoms. They point to studies reporting decreased ADHD symptoms in kids who have cut dyes from their diet.

• #84 Do synthetic food colors cause hyperactivity? – Cognitive Solutions Learning Center

  https://www.helpforld.com/blog/do-synthetic-food-colors-cause-hyperactivity/

  Do synthetic food colors cause hyperactivity? […] Critics blame the additives for triggering behavioral problems in youngsters. […] Acting on research published in the Lancet, the European Parliament last year began requiring products containing synthetic food colors to carry warning labels saying that consumption may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children. […] The Center for Science in the Public Interest, or CSPI, is asking the agency for a synthetic food-dye ban and to place warnings on products until the colors are removed. […] Other experts say food dyes, which require pre-market approval, are among the most tightly regulated additives on the market and there’s little evidence for the long-suspected link between food colors and hyperactivity. […] Synthetic food colors have been suspected of triggering behavioral problems in children since the 1970s, when pediatric allergist Ben Feingold began treating allergies by putting children on elimination diets, free of both synthetic food dyes and preservatives.

• #85 Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/do-artificial-food-colors-cause-adhd-symptoms/

  Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? […] Although the precise cause of ADHD is unknown, research has shown that the disorder is an inherited condition in the majority of people. […] Research, however, does not support the view that ADHD is caused by food additives or coloring. […] What the research did seem to show was some children and adults have a sensitivity, or allergy, to artificial colors and preservatives. […] If your child’s behavior or inattention gets worse after eating foods with artificial food dyes, then consider avoiding them. […] Artificial food colors are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The harmful effect of artificial food colors does not appear to be confined to people diagnosed with ADHD.

• #86

  https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/can-food-dyes-cause-or-affect-adhd/

  „I am telling them my patients that they should be aware that this data is out there and that food dyes may be exacerbating ADHD symptoms. Before they put their kids on drugs that they may want to consider a restriction diet and eliminate these food dyes to see if the symptoms could be treated that way before using medication,” said Bober.

• #87 Does Red Food Dye Really Affect Kids’ Behavior? | Epicurious

  https://www.epicurious.com/expert-advice/does-red-food-dye-really-affect-kids-behavior-article

  Arnold and Lowry agree food dyes have some impact on behavior—they see it in their own practices—though not in every child. […] „Clinically, I’ve noticed there are a lot of kids who seem to do better without the dyes,” Arnold says. […] „There are families who swear by not eating red dye number whatever. They take it out and their child’s behavior improves,” says Lowry. […] Arnold argues that regardless of whether your kid has ADHD, cutting down on your exposure to synthetic food dyes can’t hurt.

• #88 Does Red Food Dye Really Affect Kids’ Behavior? | Epicurious

  https://www.epicurious.com/expert-advice/does-red-food-dye-really-affect-kids-behavior-article

  Arnold and Lowry agree food dyes have some impact on behavior—they see it in their own practices—though not in every child. […] „Clinically, I’ve noticed there are a lot of kids who seem to do better without the dyes,” Arnold says. […] „There are families who swear by not eating red dye number whatever. They take it out and their child’s behavior improves,” says Lowry. […] Arnold argues that regardless of whether your kid has ADHD, cutting down on your exposure to synthetic food dyes can’t hurt.

• #89 The Link Between Food Colors And Additives And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): How to Test for Food Color and Additive Reactions

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-link-between-food-colors-and-additives-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-how-to-test-for-food-color-and-additive-reactions

  Food colors and additives have been a topic of increasing concern, especially with the rise of neurocognitive conditions among our young. […] A great example was seen in a 6-week trial of 200 kids who went on a synthetic color-free diet. During the study, 150 of the children showed improvements in behavior while on the diet. […] Taking a deeper look into the food coloring and additives that children are exposed to can shed light on areas of nutritional implications and ADHD. […] Pertaining to ADHD, colorants and chemical additives have become a mainstream medical topic for their potential implication on neurocognitive function. […] A 2020 report from the California Environmental Protection Agency expressed that intake of synthetic dyes in some children may be associated with behavioral signs, including inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness.

• #90 Food Coloring and Mental Health: Is There A Link?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/food-coloring-and-mental-health

  For decades, the potential connection between food dyes and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been a topic of heated debate. […] Many experts have agreed that removing food dye from a child’s diet may help reduce the symptoms of ADHD. However, it has been deduced that it is unlikely to be the primary cause of the disorder.

• #91 Some Food Additives Raise Hyperactivity, Study Finds – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/health/research/06hyper.html

  The researchers discovered that children in both age groups were significantly more hyperactive and that they had shorter attention spans if they had consumed the drink containing the additives. […] The study’s authors noted that other research suggested that the hyperactivity could increase in as little as an hour after artificial additives were consumed. […] The Lancet study could not determine which of the additives caused the poor performances because all the children received a mix. “This was a very complicated study, and it will take an even more complicated study to figure out which components caused the effect,” Professor Stevenson said.

• #92 Do artificial colors in food cause cancer? | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/healthy-lifestyle/cancer-care/do-artificial-colors-in-food-cause-cancer

  While researchers havent proved artificial food colorings cause cancer, other studies have shown they may be responsible for increasing hyperactivity, especially in children. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics has said theres a potential for artificial food colorings to cause hyperactivity in kids, although further research is needed. […] Because of this link between processed foods and artificial colors, its difficult to separate whether its the food itself or the coloring thats leading to an increased cancer risk.

• #93 Are food dyes linked to ADHD? More states consider food coloring bans

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/09/29/food-dyes-adhd-impact-study-state-bans/75059257007/

  Some legislation on the horizon takes specific aim at Red 3. Karalunas said, among color additives, red dyes, including Red 40, show a „particularly” strong link with hyperactivity in scientific research. […] Although more studies are needed to produce a definitive answer, „the state of the science really shows that, yes, there probably is some kind of link or effect,” said Sarah Karalunas, an associate professor at Purdue University’s department of psychological sciences. […] „The better the study is, the larger the effect,” she said, but even in well-controlled studies, the effect appears „very small,” she said. […] Bradman echoed that products with high levels of food dyes are often those that „we think of as junk food” and contain higher levels of refined carbohydrates, fats, and other additives.

• #94 New report shows artificial food coloring causes hyperactivity in some kids | UC Berkeley Public Health

  https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/news-media/research-highlights/new-report-shows-artificial-food-coloring-causes-hyperactivity-in-some-kids

  A report released in April 2021 by the state of California with contributors from UC Berkeley and UC Davis confirmed the long-suspected belief that the consumption of synthetic food dyes can cause hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues for some children. […] Evidence shows that synthetic food dyes are associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in some children, said OEHHA Director Lauren Zeise. […] Researchers found that all of the FDAs Acceptable Daily Intake levels (ADIs) for synthetic food dyes are based on 35- to 70-year-old studies that were not designed to detect the types of behavioral effects that have been observed in children. […] Comparisons with newer studies indicate that the current ADIs may not adequately protect children from behavioral effects.

• #95 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9052604/

  Concern that synthetic food dyes may impact behavior in children prompted a review by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). […] Together, the human clinical trials and animal toxicology literature support an association between synthetic food dyes and behavioral impacts in children. […] The current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intakes are based on older studies that were not designed to assess the types of behavioral effects observed in children. […] There is a need to re-evaluate exposure in children and for additional research to provide a more complete database for establishing ADIs protective of neurobehavioral effects. […] Our evaluation focused on seven of the nine food dyes subject to FDC batch certification by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and approved for general use in food in the US.

• #96 New report shows artificial food coloring causes hyperactivity in some kids | UC Berkeley Public Health

  https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/news-media/research-highlights/new-report-shows-artificial-food-coloring-causes-hyperactivity-in-some-kids

  A report released in April 2021 by the state of California with contributors from UC Berkeley and UC Davis confirmed the long-suspected belief that the consumption of synthetic food dyes can cause hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues for some children. […] Evidence shows that synthetic food dyes are associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in some children, said OEHHA Director Lauren Zeise. […] Researchers found that all of the FDAs Acceptable Daily Intake levels (ADIs) for synthetic food dyes are based on 35- to 70-year-old studies that were not designed to detect the types of behavioral effects that have been observed in children. […] Comparisons with newer studies indicate that the current ADIs may not adequately protect children from behavioral effects.

• #97 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9052604/

  Taken together, the scientific literature supports an effect of synthetic food dye exposures on neurobehavior in children at environmentally relevant exposure levels. […] Comparisons of the effective doses in some of the animal studies that measured behavioral or brain effects following exposure to synthetic food dyes indicates that the basis of the FDA ADIs are not adequate to protect neurobehavior in susceptible children. […] If the ADI for Yellow No. 5 were based on the one study that evaluated a dose-response in children for behavioral effects, the ADI would be considerably lower.

• #98 Food colouring – what’s all the hype about? — Angela Berrill

  https://www.angelaberrill.com/blog/food-colouring

  The notion that food colouring causes hyperactivity in children, has the same origin as the claims around sugar causing hyperactivity. […] However, studies have produced largely mixed and inconsistent results, mostly as a result of poor study designs. Expert reviews of the research by the European Union (2009/10) and the United States (2011) Food Safety Agencies have both concluded that results from previous studies are inconsistent and that there is no conclusive evidence to support that food colours cause hyperactivity. […] More well-designed trials need to be conducted to accurately determine safety and whether there are any clear links between specific artificial colours and hyperactivity. […] Changes in behaviour may also occur in a small number (8%) of children who already have ADHD, and who are more sensitive to food colours than their peers.

• #99 Food dyes linked to attention and activity problems in children – EHN

  https://www.ehn.org/food-dyes-children-health

  Synthetic dyes used as colorants in many common foods and drinks can negatively affect attention and activity in children, according to a comprehensive review of existing evidence published this month by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). […] Food dyes in products such as breakfast cereals, juice and soft drinks, frozen dairy desserts, candies, and icings were linked to adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children including inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness. […] Mechanistic studies reviewed by Miller and the report’s other authors reveal that food dyes may impact behavior through a variety of pathways including neurotransmitters, hormones, and oxidative stress.

• #100 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  While awaiting the results of such further research, the following conclusions seem reasonable: AFCs are not a main cause of ADHD, but they may contribute significantly to some cases, and in some cases may additively push a youngster over the diagnostic threshold. […] The deleterious effect does not appear to be confined to ADHD (a general effect has been replicated). Therefore AFCs may be more a general public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] The current status of evidence is inconclusive but too substantial to dismiss.

• #101 Potential impacts of synthetic food dyes on activity and attention in children: a review of the human and animal evidence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9052604/

  Taken together, the scientific literature supports an effect of synthetic food dye exposures on neurobehavior in children at environmentally relevant exposure levels. […] Comparisons of the effective doses in some of the animal studies that measured behavioral or brain effects following exposure to synthetic food dyes indicates that the basis of the FDA ADIs are not adequate to protect neurobehavior in susceptible children. […] If the ADI for Yellow No. 5 were based on the one study that evaluated a dose-response in children for behavioral effects, the ADI would be considerably lower.

• #102 Do Artificial Food Colors Cause ADHD Symptoms? – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/do-artificial-food-colors-cause-adhd-symptoms/

  The current status of evidence is inconclusive but too substantial to dismiss. Until safety can be better determined, Dr. Arnold and colleagues suggest minimizing children’s exposure to artificial food colors. […] If you are concerned your daughter may have a sensitivity to artificial food colors or preservatives, discuss it with her doctor.

• #103

  https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/can-food-dyes-cause-or-affect-adhd/

  „I am telling them my patients that they should be aware that this data is out there and that food dyes may be exacerbating ADHD symptoms. Before they put their kids on drugs that they may want to consider a restriction diet and eliminate these food dyes to see if the symptoms could be treated that way before using medication,” said Bober.

• #104 Red Dye and ADHD: Is There a Link? | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/adhd/red-dye-and-adhd

  While artificial food colorings havent been shown to cause ADHD, a link between food dyes and hyperactivity has long been suspected. […] Current science suggests that while artificial food colorings (AFCs) dont cause ADHD, theyre linked to negative neurobehavioral outcomes in the general population. […] AFCs do not seem to cause ADHD. […] AFCs do seem to be a possible contributor to adverse effects in attention and hyperactivity in all children. […] A relationship exists between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes for children in the general population. […] It may be beneficial to avoid foods containing Red and Yellow food dyes given their adverse effects in animal toxicology. […] Small changes might have significant benefits to some individuals. So if you feel like you or someone you know seems to be affected by food dyes, reducing foods that contain these dyes may be worth a try.

• #105 Food Dyes and Behavior in Kids: A Dietitian shares everything you need to know – Sarah Remmer, RD

  https://www.sarahremmer.com/food-dyes-and-behavior-in-kids/

  Studies conducted on rats and mice offer evidence that artificial food dyes, including Red No.3, Red No. 40, Yellow No.5, and Yellow No.6, may lead to temporary cognitive and behavioral effects such as changes in activity level (eg. restlessness), impacted memory, and struggles with learning. […] Artificial food dyes consumed on occasion, and in small amounts, pose little risk for behavioral problems in most children. […] If you observe a significant change in your child’s behavior after they consume colorful icing on a cupcake or drink colorful fruit punch, it might indicate a reaction to food color. […] There is a lot of hype around food dyes and how they impact behavior in children, but what about how they impact other areas of our health? […] The answer is not straightforward, however what I can say that there is no research to definitively show that food dyes cause cancer in children. […] On a positive note, the animal studies that look at the most common food dyes consumed by children show no evidence of cancer-causing effects.

• #106 Food colours and hyperactivity

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/food-colours-and-hyperactivity/

  Research has found a possible link between certain artificial colours used in food and problems with hyperactivity in children. […] If your child is hyperactive, or has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there’s some evidence to suggest that avoiding these 6 food colours may help. […] hyperactivity can have many different causes, including genetics, and food colours are probably only a small part of the problem. […] the link between food colours and hyperactivity is not completely certain; more research is needed to confirm it.

• #107 Food dyes and ADHD | World Food and Wine

  https://www.worldfoodwine.com/table-talk/food-dyes-and-adhd

  Research has found a possible link between certain artificial colors used in food and problems with hyperactivity in children. […] However, it’s important to note that no conclusive evidence has been found to show that food coloring causes ADHD. […] Some studies seemed to contradict Feingold’s theory and conclude that a diet free of food dyes did not make any change. […] However, more work needs to be done in this area as there are other studies that have found a relationship between food dyes and hyperactivity. […] If your child is hyperactive or has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there’s some evidence to suggest that avoiding these 6 food colors may help. […] But it’s important to be aware that hyperactivity can have many different causes, including genetics, and food colors are probably only a small part of the problem. […] Removing food colors from your child’s diet will not necessarily lead to an improvement in their behavior.

• #108 Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3441937/

  The effect of artificial food colors (AFCs) on child behavior has been studied for more than 35 years, with accumulating evidence from imperfect studies. […] Recent data suggest a small but significant deleterious effect of AFCs on children’s behavior that is not confined to those with diagnosable ADHD. […] AFCs appear to be more of a public health problem than an ADHD problem. […] AFCs are not a major cause of ADHD per se, but seem to affect children regardless of whether or not they have ADHD, and they may have an aggregated effect on classroom climate if most children in the class suffer a small behavioral decrement with additive or synergistic effects. […] The results of these studies led to some significant changes in the field of public health, with the United Kingdom government requesting that food manufacturers avoid these additives in favor of natural food colors and flavors, and the EU asking manufacturers to voluntarily remove several AFCs from foods and beverages or list the following warning on the label: [this AFC] may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

• #109 The Real Story About Food Dyes and Behavior | 2014-04-01 | CARLAT PUBLISHING

  https://www.thecarlatreport.com/articles/2189-the-real-story-about-food-dyes-and-behavior

  Two additional meta-analyses in 2012 and 2010 found small but significant effects too substantial to ignore, but not conclusive. […] These results suggest that food dyes are a widespread public health problem, rather than just an ADHD problem. […] Nevertheless, it seems clear that food dyes have a negative effect on behavior, whether in the context of a psychiatric diagnosis or not. […] We see no harm and perhaps some benefit from removing artificial food dyes from a childs diet. And that goes for all kids—not just those with ADHD.

• #110 Do Food Dyes Cause Hyperactivity? – Plant Based Juniors

  https://plantbasedjuniors.com/food-dyes-and-hyperactivity/

  Consumption of food dyes was associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children, though children vary in their sensitivity. […] The studies that form the basis of the ADIs, are 35 to almost 70 years old, and as such were not capable of detecting the types of neurobehavioral outcomes assessed in later studies. […] Interestingly, some researchers suggest a genetic component that may determine whether a child with ADHD will have exacerbated hyperactivity symptoms from consuming food dyes. […] Bottom line: artificial food dyes (and other preservatives) dont offer any health benefits. So whether theyre problematic for your child or not, theres no reason to include them in the diet if you dont have to. […] Is there a link between food dye and behavior problems? Does food coloring cause hyperactivity? It appears so but also depends on your child and their susceptibility.

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