Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Latex Allergy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545164/

  Latex allergy is among the most common causes of anaphylaxis in the operating room and has increased in prevalence with the increased use of latex gloves to prevent transmittable infections starting in the 1980s. […] A true latex allergy will result in a type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibodies that bind to the allergenic proteins. The binding causes the release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and kinins from mast cells and basophils, resulting in an immune response. […] Latex has several modes of entry, including direct contact with the skin, entrance through mucous membranes or intravenously, or inhalation of latex powder through the lungs. […] Patients with an immediate type I systemic reaction should have the exposure removed and undergo monitoring and treatment for life-threatening conditions.

• #2 Latex Allergy | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/allergies/types-of-allergies/latex-allergy/

  Latex allergy is an allergy to natural rubber latex proteins. Your body’s immune system makes specific antibodies called IgE antibodies. These antibodies react with latex proteins and cause allergy symptoms. […] An allergic reaction can occur when latex touches your skin, comes in contact with a mucous membrane, such as your mouth, or gets into your lungs when you breathe in latex particles. […] IgE allergic reactions to latex can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. […] Many people who develop an IgE-mediated latex allergy will have contact dermatitis first. If you have contact dermatitis to latex, it may be a warning that you could develop a latex allergy later. […] Some foods have proteins that are like the proteins in rubber tree sap. If you have a latex allergy, you may have reactions to some foods. This is called latex-fruit syndrome or latex-food allergy syndrome. About 30 to 50% of people with a latex allergy have latex-fruit syndrome.

• #3 Latex Allergy: Current Status and Future Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7532063/

  An important clinical manifestation of NRLA is the latex-fruit syndrome due to latex proteins that have clinical cross-reactivity with multiple vegetable foods. […] Type IV hypersensitivity reactions typically develop 2448 hours after exposure. […] Delayed reactions are usually caused by accelerators and antioxidants (e.g. carbamates, thiurams) added during the manufacturing process of NRL. […] NRL secreted by Hevea brasiliensis contains more than 240 polypeptides, detected by electrophoresis. […] Fifteen allergens (Hev b 115) have been characterized and listed by the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunologic Societies Allergen Nomenclature Committee. […] The other allergens appear to be minor contributors to a genuine sensitization to latex; some of them belong to the families of defense proteins, such as lipid transfer protein (Hev b 12) and profilin (Hev b 8), and are responsible for cross-reactivity with fruits and vegetables.

• #3 Latex Allergy: Current Status and Future Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7532063/

  The management of groups at risk for latex allergy and HCWs is based on a step-by-step process through four possible strategies: preventive measures, symptomatic treatment, immunotherapy and anti-IgE therapy. […] Primary prevention of latex allergy (NRL) means the reduction of exposure of NRL to prevent sensitization in susceptible workers and at-risk populations. […] However, the only etiological and decisive therapy able to influence the natural history of NRLA is specific desensitization. […] Rush protocols have provided evidence to suggest that effective doses of latex SLIT can be safely and rapidly achieved. […] The current results show that the NRL SLIT is the only etiological method to resolve NRLA in at-risk patients who cannot avoid this allergen.

• #3 Latex Allergy: Current Status and Future Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7532063/

  Allergy to natural rubber latex (NRLA) from Hevea brasiliensis is a relevant public health issue, in particular in healthcare workers and groups at risk. […] Clinical manifestations of NRLA can range from mild skin disorders to life-threatening systemic reactions. […] In general, latex protein components are responsible for type I latex-specific allergy and the accelerators and antioxidants are agents of type IV allergic reactions (contact dermatitis), although rare cases of delayed allergy to latex proteins have been reported. […] Undiagnosed latex allergy is potentially very serious for patients and is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality during medical and surgical procedures. […] The most frequent clinical manifestations of latex allergy are related to type I hypersensitivity mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE), and can involve the skin (itching, swelling, pruritus and contact urticaria), the respiratory system (sneezing, wheezing and rhinitis) and the eyes (conjunctivitis).

• #4 Latex allergy: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/latex-allergy-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Natural rubber latex (polyisoprene) is used in the manufacturing of a wide variety of commercial products ranging from airplane tires to protective medical gloves. […] A number of these proteins are known to be potent allergens that elicit human immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, leading to sensitization in exposed individuals and a spectrum of allergic reactions upon subsequent exposure. […] Approximately 250 different natural rubber latex polypeptides have been identified, of which 60 are able to bind human IgE antibody. Only 15 of the principal allergens have been given official numbers (Hevea brasiliensis [Hev b] 1 through Hev b 15) by the International Nomenclature Committee of Allergens in the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). These allergenic proteins are described in the table, including their molecular weight, plant family, and any known crossreactivity to structurally similar food, pollen, and mold allergens. […] The 15 allergenic Hevea proteins are involved in a broad range of activities in the rubber tree, including rubber biosynthesis, disease resistance, structure, and housekeeping.

• #5 Latex Allergy

  https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/allergy/latex-allergy/

  Latex allergy is caused by latex allergens cross-linking specific IgE antibodies located on allergic effector cells, mast cells, and basophils. This action activates the cells to release preformed mediators, such as histamine, which cause immediate clinical symptoms of allergy, notably sneezing and itching. […] Activated mast cells also are responsible for the production of newly formed mediators (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) and cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-), which contribute to more chronic symptoms of allergy such as nasal congestion and swelling of tissues. More severe clinical manifestations of latex allergy, such as anaphylaxis, are also related to the release of these allergic cell mediators and their effects on vasculature, leading to vasodilation and subsequently to hypotension.

• #6 Latex Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8623-latex-allergy

  Latex allergies happen when your immune system thinks latex proteins are harmful and then tries to get rid of them. Exposure to latex can cause your immune system to make IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibodies. Antibodies help your immune system identify harmful substances and help get rid of them. Your immune system sometimes mistakenly thinks pollen and other substances like latex proteins are harmful. It makes antibodies to recognize and label them for other immune cells to get rid of. […] Once your body makes IgE antibodies, they attach to immune cells and look for harmful substances. When you come in contact with latex again, IgE antibodies recognize the protein and alert your immune system to flush it out by releasing a chemical called histamine. Histamine opens up your blood vessels and causes inflammation, leading to symptoms of an allergic reaction, including hives, runny nose and trouble breathing. In contact dermatitis, other types of immune cells cause inflammation in your skin.

• #6 Latex Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8623-latex-allergy

  An allergic reaction to latex can happen when you touch or come into contact with latex products. Breathing in tiny latex particles from the air can also sometimes cause a reaction. You may not have a reaction the first time you’re exposed to latex. With each exposure, your allergic reactions can get worse.

• #6 Latex Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8623-latex-allergy

  A latex allergy is a reaction to natural rubber latex, a substance that comes from the sap of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). It can cause skin irritation like itching, rash or hives, or allergy symptoms like a runny nose and watery eyes. These reactions can get worse with additional exposures to latex. […] Allergies happen when your immune system mistakenly thinks something is harmful and then tries to protect your body from it. People with latex allergies can have an allergic reaction when they inhale latex particles or come into physical contact with latex. […] IgE-mediated latex allergy (type I hypersensitivity): If you have a type I latex allergy, you’re allergic to a protein from the natural rubber tree. During an IgE-mediated allergic reaction, your body’s immune system overreacts to a substance (like latex) that isn’t harmful. This causes allergy symptoms like a runny nose and itchy eyes. IgE-mediated latex allergies can cause life-threatening anaphylaxis.

• #7 Newly Updated! Latex Allergy Diagnosis and Management – Katelaris C (Updated 2022)

  https://www.worldallergy.org/component/content/article/newly-updated-latex-allergy-diagnosis-and-management-katelaris-c-updated-2022?catid=16&Itemid=101

  Latex proteins can sensitize in the following manner: Inhalation of latex adherent to powder particles as gloves are donned and removed. […] Absorption through the skin when the barrier integrity is disrupted by trauma, irritation, contact dermatitis or eczema. […] Absorption through mucous membranes when latex protein becomes solubilized by body secretions with condoms, internal exams or intraoperative or dental procedures with latex gloves. […] Direct entry into the body when latex protein is present in intravenous injection ports, surgical equipment. […] Allergy to natural rubber latex is an important clinical condition that occurred after the institution of universal precautions. […] This resulted in an epidemic of latex allergy in health care workers in both medical and dental environments as well as individuals with specific health problems such as spina bifida, myelodysplasia, urogenital abnormalities, multiple surgical interventions, and food allergies (bananas, kiwi, avocado, and chestnuts).

• #7 Newly Updated! Latex Allergy Diagnosis and Management – Katelaris C (Updated 2022)

  https://www.worldallergy.org/component/content/article/newly-updated-latex-allergy-diagnosis-and-management-katelaris-c-updated-2022?catid=16&Itemid=101

  Allergies to natural latex gloves were identified as a serious health care problem in the late 1980s and 1990s. […] At its peak, up to 17% of health care workers were sensitized to latex with huge losses to the health care workforce. […] A number of latex allergens belong to families of defense proteins and are related to lipid transfer proteins or profilin, having structural homology with certain plant foods. […] This is the reason why 30%-50% of those allergic to latex have hypersensitivity to some plant foods, especially certain fruits, known as the latex-fruit or latex-food syndrome. […] The principal approach to, and most cost-effective management of, latex allergy is avoidance! […] Several other therapeutic approaches have been investigated including immunotherapy and the use of anti-IgE antibody treatment but neither have shown much promise.

• #7 Newly Updated! Latex Allergy Diagnosis and Management – Katelaris C (Updated 2022)

  https://www.worldallergy.org/component/content/article/newly-updated-latex-allergy-diagnosis-and-management-katelaris-c-updated-2022?catid=16&Itemid=101

  Over the years since the epidemic was recognized, producers of rubber gloves have made significant changes to manufacturing practices. […] Addition of a chlorination process has resulted in lower NRL allergen content and removal of any powder has dramatically decreased aerosolized particles and environmental contamination with latex allergens. […] Creation of latex safe environments in institutions where glove usage is frequent, such as medical facilities, has been a major driver for lowering the sensitisation rate and for creation of a safe work environment for those who are sensitized. […] The latex epidemic was a hugely costly occurrence to both the health care industry and the sensitised individual.

• #8 Latex Allergy

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/latex-allergy

  Latex allergy was unusual until the late 1980s when more healthcare workers began using powdered latex gloves to control infections. […] Allergy symptoms are the result of a chain reaction that starts in the immune system. […] With latex allergy, it overreacts by producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE) that can react with contaminating proteins found in the natural rubber latex. […] These antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reaction. […] Latex can also become airborne and cause respiratory symptoms. […] High concentrations of this allergenic powder have been measured in intensive care units and operating rooms. […] The capacity of latex products especially gloves to cause allergic reactions varies enormously by brand and by production lot.

• #8 Latex Allergy

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/latex-allergy

  There is no cure for latex allergy. […] If you have a latex allergy, you also have a greater risk of being allergic to certain foods including bananas, avocados, kiwi fruit and European chestnuts. […] These foods and latex share certain proteins which cause a reaction in people with this allergy.

• #9 Latex Allergy A Prevention Guide (98-113) | NIOSH | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/98-113/default.html

  Latex proteins become fastened to the lubricant powder used in some gloves. When workers change gloves, the protein/powder particles become airborne and can be inhaled. […] Once a worker becomes allergic to latex, special precautions are needed to prevent exposures. Certain medications may reduce the allergy symptoms; but complete latex avoidance, though quite difficult, is the most effective approach. […] Allergic contact dermatitis (sometimes called chemical sensitivity dermatitis) results from the chemicals added to latex during harvesting, processing, or manufacturing. These chemicals can cause a skin rash similar to that of poison ivy. […] Learn to recognize the symptoms of latex allergy: skin rash; hives; flushing; itching; nasal, eye, or sinus symptoms; asthma; and (rarely) shock. […] If you develop symptoms of latex allergy, avoid direct contact with latex gloves and other latex-containing products until you can see a physician experienced in treating latex allergy.

• #10 Latex Allergy – Global Allergy & Airways Patient PlatformExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandToggle MenuScroll to topScroll to topExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpand

  https://gaapp.org/diseases/allergies/types-of-allergies/latex-allergy

  Latex allergy is a global public health problem, already addressed and, in many cases, resolved, by developed countries for many years. […] There are four patterns of reaction to exposure to natural latex and its associated particles. […] Type IV hypersensitivity (or CELLULAR or DELAYED or Allergic contact dermatitis): NON-IgE-mediated reaction, in which the contact area is infiltrated by T lymphocytes, 24 to 48 hours after the contact. […] Type I hypersensitivity (or DEPENDENT or IMMEDIATE IgE or Latex allergy itself): Reaction mediated by specific IgE antibodies that can develop in people previously exposed and sensitized to natural latex proteins. […] Occupational latex asthma: This is a type of asthma related to the work environment, described in employees exposed to latex in the work environment.

• #11 Latex Allergy | Anaphylaxis UK

  https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/fact-sheet/latex-allergy/

  There are two different types of latex allergy: Type 1 (immediate) which can lead to anaphylaxis and Type 4 (delayed) which causes skin reactions. […] This is a reaction to proteins in the latex. Symptoms come on quickly and can lead to anaphylaxis the most serious form of allergy, which can be life-threatening. […] This is usually a reaction to chemicals used in the manufacturing process. Its not life threatening but its essential to speak to your GP if you have a reaction. Symptoms affect the skin and appear between 6 and 48 hours after touching latex. […] The number of people with latex allergy rose from the 1980s when latex gloves became widely used, particularly among healthcare professionals. […] The powder in the gloves could absorb the latex proteins and become airborne which is likely to have caused a rise in allergies.

• #11 Latex Allergy | Anaphylaxis UK

  https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/fact-sheet/latex-allergy/

  Some people with Type 1 (immediate) latex allergy also react to certain fruits and vegetables, including banana, avocado, tomato, potato, kiwi, chestnut, lychee, papaya, passion fruit, fig, melon, mango, pineapple, peach and lettuce. […] This is known as cross-reactivity, where the proteins in latex have a similar structure to the proteins in these foods. […] If you are allergic to any of these foods, you may also be allergic to latex, and vice versa.

• #11 Latex Allergy | Anaphylaxis UK

  https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/fact-sheet/latex-allergy/

  Later, powder-free low-protein latex gloves became available, as well as latex-free alternatives, leading to a fall in latex allergy from the late 1990s. […] The symptoms of Type I latex allergy usually come on quickly, within minutes of coming into contact with latex. […] Most healthcare professionals consider an allergic reaction to be anaphylaxis when it involves difficulty breathing or affects the heart rhythm or blood pressure. […] When powdered gloves were used, some people with Type I (immediate) latex allergy would have symptoms simply by being in the same room as the latex gloves. […] People with serious latex allergy might react if they are in an enclosed space near a balloon display, as latex balloons are often packed with powder to stop them sticking together. […] Type 4 latex allergy is treated with emollients (moisturising treatments which you apply to the skin to soothe and hydrate it) and topical steroid creams.

• #12 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049216-overview

  Approximately 3000 chemicals are well documented as specific causes of allergic contact dermatitis. […] Compounds must be less than 500 d for efficient penetration through the stratum corneum barrier, which is the water-impermeable outer layer of the skin. Small organic molecules that are chemically reactive (chemical sensitizers) bind with self-proteins to generate immunogenic neoantigens through a process termed haptenization. […] Haptens activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and activate innate immunity. The importance of hapten-mediated activation of innate immunity is highlighted by the clinical observation that the irritancy of chemicals (ie, the ability of these chemicals to cause grossly visible skin inflammation upon primary exposure) correlates with their ability to act as contact sensitizers and to induce acute contact dermatitis.

• #12 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049216-overview

  Haptens or haptenated self-proteins are recognized by innate immune mechanisms in the skin, and this leads to the elaboration of a number of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)1. […] In the final step, hapten-induced inflammation recruits activated effector T cells back to the initial site of antigen encounter in the skin. The effector T cells release proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-, and promote the killing of haptenated cells, resulting in the development of the classic inflammatory rash seen in allergic contact dermatitis. […] Keratinocytes are crucial for the development of allergic contact dermatitis. […] The initial sensitization typically takes 10-14 days from initial exposure to a strong contact allergen such as poison ivy. Some individuals develop specific sensitivity to allergens following years of chronic low-grade exposure; for example, sensitivity to chromate in cement can eventually develop in individuals with chronic irritant contact dermatitis resulting from the alkaline nature of cement. Once an individual is sensitized to a chemical, allergic contact dermatitis develops within hours to several days of exposure. […] CD4+ CCR10+ memory T cells persist in the dermis after clinical resolution of allergic contact dermatitis.

• #13 Latex allergy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex_allergy

  Latex allergy is a medical term encompassing a range of allergic reactions to the proteins present in natural rubber latex. It generally develops after repeated exposure to products containing natural rubber latex. When latex-containing medical devices or supplies come in contact with mucous membranes, the membranes may absorb latex proteins. In some susceptible people, the immune system produces antibodies that react immunologically with these antigenic proteins. […] The mechanism of this association between spina bifida and latex allergy is not clearly defined. However, spina bifida patients may become sensitized to latex early in life as they often require frequent surgeries and medical procedures that involve exposure to latex products. The most important latex allergens which sensitize spina bifida patients are: Hev b 1, Her b 3 and Hev b 6.01.

• #13 Latex allergy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex_allergy

  One group of allergens that may contribute to the cross-reactivity between latex and certain fruits is chitinases. These enzymes catalyze the breakdown of -1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine bonds in chitin, a polymer widely found in nature. Chitinases are produced by various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, plants, and vertebrates. Class I chitinases identified in fruits such as bananas (Mus a 2) and avocados (Pers a 1) have been shown to cross-react with class I chitinases in latex, specifically Hev b 6.01 (Prohevein) and Hev b 6.02 (Hevein). […] Natural rubber latex contains several conformational epitopes located on several enzymes such as Hev b 1, Hev b 2, Hev b 4, Hev b 5 and Hev b 6.02. […] Evaluation of hypersensitivity symptoms revealed that systemic allergic reactions accounted for 73% of reported cases, while only 27% presented with localized allergic manifestations.

• #14 Latex Allergy A Prevention Guide (98-113) | NIOSH | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/98-113/default.html

  Latex allergy is a reaction to certain proteins in latex rubber. The amount of latex exposure needed to produce sensitization or an allergic reaction is unknown. Increasing the exposure to latex proteins increases the risk of developing allergic symptoms. In sensitized persons, symptoms usually begin within minutes of exposure; but they can occur hours later and can be quite varied. Mild reactions to latex involve skin redness, rash, hives, or itching. More severe reactions may involve respiratory symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, scratchy throat, and asthma (difficult breathing, coughing spells, and wheezing). Rarely, shock may occur; however, a life-threatening reaction is seldom the first sign of latex allergy. […] Health care workers are at risk of developing latex allergy because they use latex gloves frequently. Workers with less glove use (such as housekeepers, hairdressers, and workers in industries that manufacture latex products) are also at risk.

• #15 Latex Allergy Information

  https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/latex/

  Anaphylactic shock is rare. The risk of anaphylactic shock seems to be greatest in people who have had previous allergic reactions to products that contain latex or prior unexplained anaphylaxis. Health care workers with a history of worsening latex allergy symptoms should be especially cautious. […] Those at risk include people whose job or medical status puts them in frequent direct contact with latex. Health care workers and dental workers are those most often exposed to latex, principally by using latex gloves that are powdered to make them easier to put on. The powder binds with the latex proteins and becomes airborne. It can then be inhaled and cause an allergic response. People at increased risk include: multiple allergy sufferers; children with spina bifida or multiple surgeries at an early age; health care workers: doctors, nurses, surgical staff, dentists, dental hygienists, emergency medical services personnel, lab technicians; people who undergo frequent medical procedures such as catheterization; anyone working in the latex rubber industry (tire factories, rubber manufacturing and glove manufacturing); child care providers; food service workers; housekeeping staff in and outside health care facilities; law enforcement professionals; firefighters; funeral home employees; hairdressers; people with a history of worsening allergic reaction to foods known to cross react (see below) with natural rubber latex.

• #15 Latex Allergy Information

  https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/latex/

  Hospitals and health care facilities are beginning to create latex-safe treatment areas and surgical suites to accommodate people who are allergic to latex. Check with your local hospital. Some facilities have also set up systems for identification of staff and patients with latex allergy. In addition, many facilities have moved to low protein, powder-free or nonlatex gloves.

• #16 Latex Allergy in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/124

  However, global natural rubber production remains high and is even increasing. […] Latex allergy can affect both children and adults, although there is paucity of data on the pediatric population. […] The reported prevalence varies greatly depending upon the population studied and the methods used to detect sensitization. […] Exposure to latex-derived products during surgery, either through skin contact or by inhalation, has been described as risk factor for developing latex allergy. […] The population at greatest risk of latex sensitization and allergy includes patients undergoing repeated surgical interventions (e.g., patients with spina bifida or other malformations) or repeated anesthesia and catheterizations (e.g., patients with urogenital anomalies, cloacal anomalies, and insulin-treated diabetics).

• #16 Latex Allergy in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/124

  Many of these medical conditions have their onset at pediatric age. […] In particular, the highest prevalence of latex sensitization has been reported in pediatric patients with spina bifida, ranging from 26% to 47.9%. […] By implementing latex-free measures from birth in children with spina bifida, compared to historical controls, it has been found that the prevalence of latex sensitization has decreased. […] Healthcare workers (such as doctors, nurses, dentists, biologists, ultrasound technicians, midwives) were the professional group most affected by latex allergy due to the frequent and continuous use of latex gloves in the 1980s and 1990s to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) during the epidemic peak of those years.

• #16 Latex Allergy in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/124

  The principal allergenic components of latex are listed below: Hev b 1, or latex elongation factor, is a 14 kDa protein involved in the synthesis of polyisoprene. […] Hev b 5 is a 16 kDa acidic structural protein whose biological function is unknown. […] Hev b 6, or prohevein (precursor of hevein, Hev b 6.01), is a 20 kDa allergen belonging to class I chitinases. […] The severity of latex allergy significantly depends on the specific molecular allergenic component involved, as well as the route, degree, and number of exposures. […] Direct and massive contact of latex with mucous membranes is associated with the highest percentage of individuals who become sensitized and exhibit even severe symptoms of latex allergy (including anaphylaxis). […] Clinical manifestations associated with latex exposure are various, and both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms can be identified underlying them.

• #16 Latex Allergy in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/124

  The allergen can cause a reaction through various routes. […] Parenteral exposure is associated with more severe and sudden reactions such as anaphylactic shock, which can appear a few minutes after exposure to latex. […] A phenomenon of cross-reactivity between the latex and various allergens of the plant world linked to the recognition of structurally similar epitopes (cross-sensitization) can be detected. […] The main cross-reactive allergens involved have been identified in profilins (Hev b 8), patatins (Hev b 7 patatin-like and Sol t 1 of potato), PR-3 (Hev b 6.02 and class I chitinase), PR-2 (Hev b 2 β-1,3-glucanase of latex and pepper L-ascorbate peroxidase), and PR-14 (lipid transfer proteins). […] Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD), currently also called molecular diagnostics, helps the specialist to identify positivity for clinically relevant allergenic molecules.

• #16 Latex Allergy in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/124

  Sensitization to some latex components (e.g., Hev b 1, Hev b 5, Hev b 6.01, and Hev b 6.02) is associated with more severe clinical phenotypes and is expressed as genuine latex allergy, whereas sensitization to other allergens (e.g., Hev b 8) is generally asymptomatic or associated with milder symptoms. […] The provocation test remains the test of choice to confirm or exclude latex allergy. […] Management of latex allergy relies on avoiding contact with natural latex products. […] The primary prevention of allergic sensitization to latex takes the form of reducing exposure to products containing latex. […] The creation of completely “latex-free” environments is currently very difficult, given the widespread use of products containing latex in homes, schools, and workplaces. […] Latex allergy management is based on preventing contact with natural latex products. […] Other therapeutic strategies include pharmacological therapy of acute allergic reactions, immunotherapy, and, in selected cases, therapy with biological anti-IgE drugs.

• #16 Latex Allergy in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/124

  Despite this, in recent decades, with the introduction of preventive measures, sensitization among healthcare workers has gradually decreased. […] However, the risk of sensitization and allergy remains significant, especially in countries that lack adequate resources for implementing preventive measures or where there is a risk of further exposure to other latex-containing products. […] An aggregate analysis of 11 epidemiological surveys published between 2006 and 2015, including studies from various countries (also developing countries), showed a significantly lower but still significant prevalence of latex sensitization (5.1%) and latex allergy (4.2%) among healthcare personnel. […] In addition to healthcare workers, other occupational groups, including rubber industry workers, hairdressers, homemakers, researchers working in biology or chemistry, gardeners, and food handlers, are at high risk of developing latex allergy.

• #17 Latex Allergy – Global Allergy & Airways Patient PlatformExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandToggle MenuScroll to topScroll to topExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpand

  https://gaapp.org/diseases/allergies/types-of-allergies/latex-allergy

  Sensitization and allergy to natural rubber latex are two stages of the same pathology, commonly known as latex allergy. […] Latex allergy is a non-communicable, chronic, acquired, progressive, evolving, non-reversible and potentially fatal disease. […] The only way to prevent latex allergy is to minimize exposure to this material. […] Latex allergy is more frequent in certain groups such as people with neural tube defects (spina bifida / MMC) and abdominal wall defects, people with congenital genitourinary and cardiac malformations, people with cleft lip-alveolar-palatine, people with a history of multiple invasive procedures and multiple operations; health personnel and those in other areas who use latex gloves on a massive and frequent basis, acquiring latex allergy as an occupational disease.

• #18 Protecting Yourself and Your Hands: Understanding Allergy to Natural Rubber Latex in Disposable Gloves

  https://www.shieldscientific.com/glove-education/latex-allergy-type-i-and-its-implications-for-single-use-gloves/

  Latex allergy or more precisely latex protein allergy is also called Type I allergy or immediate type hypersensitivity because it usually occurs between a few minutes to 1 hour after contact with the allergen. It is a specific allergy related to the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) which are antibodies triggering an immediate allergic response. […] Initial exposure to latex protein may have entailed an abnormal (but often invisible) immune reaction; then an allergic reaction may occur during a second exposure. […] The consequences can indeed be moderate but can also extend to life-threatening reactions. […] Natural latex is not the only source of allergic reaction to wearing single-use gloves. Mention should be made of the chemicals entering the manufacturing processes (vulcanization accelerators for example), the powder used to facilitate the release of gloves from the mould or to facilitate glove donning by users, endotoxins Possible skin diseases should also be considered as a risk factor for developing allergic reactions.

• #19 Latex Allergy

  https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/latex-allergy

  If you are allergic to latex your body treats latex as an allergen and sets off an allergic reaction. […] The severity of allergic reactions to latex can worsen with repeated exposure to the substance. […] Given the potential for a very serious allergic reaction, proper diagnosis of latex allergy is important. […] Immediate Allergic Reactions These reactions occur in people who have been previously exposed to latex and have become sensitized to the allergen which triggers the immune system to respond. […] In the most serious allergic reaction, symptoms occur within minutes and involve multiple systems in the body. This life threatening condition is called anaphylaxis (an-a-fi-LAK-sis). […] The only way to prevent an allergic reaction to latex is to avoid the substance. […] People at risk of a serious, anaphylactic reaction to latex should carry epinephrine everywhere in case of emergency.

• #20 Latex Allergy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545164/

  There is currently no cure for latex sensitization or allergic reactions. Symptoms such as skin irritation are readily treatable with steroid creams, but prevention is the mainstay in decreasing the incidence of latex allergies. […] Patients who have more frequent exposure or have had heavy sensitization to latex have a higher risk of anaphylaxis.

• #21 Latex Allergy Facts – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/allergies/latex-allergy/latex-allergy-facts/

  Doctors typically use a blood test to test for latex allergy. Up to 8.2% of people in the United States may get a positive blood test for the presence of latex IgE antibodies. […] The diagnosis of an IgE-mediated latex allergy is made by a healthcare professional using: the patients medical history, a physical exam, results of a blood test. […] People at risk for developing a latex allergy are those with: spina bifida, cloacal anomalies, multiple surgeries, diabetes, atopic conditions, workers in jobs where latex gloves are worn. […] Approximately 30-50% of people who are allergic to natural rubber latex are hypersensitive to certain plant-derived foods, including some fresh fruit. This is latex-fruit syndrome. […] Certain gloves use cornstarch powder as a lubricant. The allergenic proteins in latex may carry through the cornstarch. Patients who breathe in powder containing the latex proteins may develop respiratory symptoms.

• #21 Latex Allergy Facts – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/allergies/latex-allergy/latex-allergy-facts/

  Latex can result in three different types of reactions: IgE-mediated allergic reactions, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant dermatitis. […] Proteins in latex are what cause immediate allergic reactions. Immediate reactions are also known as IgE-mediated allergic reactions. There are 13 different proteins in latex that are known to result in allergic reactions. […] Contact dermatitis is a delayed allergic reaction caused by chemical additives found in latex products. Some people who develop an IgE-mediated latex allergy also have prior or current contact dermatitis to latex. […] Many workers who use latex gloves may get irritant dermatitis on their hands. This may be caused by sweating, cornstarch powder inside the gloves, and frequent hand washing. […] Latex allergy may cause: hives, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, anaphylaxis.

• #21 Latex Allergy Facts – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/allergies/latex-allergy/latex-allergy-facts/

  Approximately 50% of people with latex allergy develop symptoms after consuming fruits that have similar proteins as latex-producing plants. This is called cross reactivity. […] We are still not clear about what caused the latex allergy epidemic in the 1990s. Studies suggest that the latex allergen in gloves was a factor. Powder on latex gloves may have also caused the increased number of individuals developing a latex allergy.

• #22 Latex-Fruit Syndrome and Class 2 Food Allergy

  https://dmd.nihs.go.jp/latex/cross-e.html

  Hevein domain is conserved in the course of evolution. It is estimated that 50-70 % of latex-allergic people have IgE antibodies cross-reactive to the antigens coming from some vegetable foods. In addition, increasing numbers of plant-derived foods are suspected to cross-react with latex antigens. Fruits are especially notorious for their frequent cross-reactivity, which is referred to as „latex-fruit syndrome”. This extensive cross-reactivity of latex-allergic patients is explained mostly by the major latex allergens are being pathogenesis-, or rather, defense-related proteins of a rubber tree. Higher plants universally induce such protective proteins under certain conditions, and their structures are relatively conserved during the course of evolution. These features of defense-related proteins provide common epitopes for IgE antibodies. In other words, it is considered that the defense-related proteins of the rubber tree and of cross-reactive plants act as pan-allergens responsible for the extensive cross-reactivity of latex-sensitized people. In support of this assumption, the class I chitinase of avocado, chestnut, and banana, which belong to a family of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-3), was revealed to be an important cross-reactive allergen for latex-sensitized people. Class I chitinase of plants contains a hevein-like domain in common at the N-terminus. Hevein (Hev b 6.02) is one of the most important latex allergens. Thus, the cross-reactivity of latex-allergic patients can be partly ascribed to the shared hevein-related structures. The structural similarity between patatin and Hev b 7 likely accounts for part of the cross-reactivity of latex-sensitized people.

• #23 Latex and Latex Allergy Guideline – Spina Bifida Associationheaderheader-color

  https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/latex-allergy/

  The protein allergen (example, Hev b 6 hevein) in some latex products makes up a considerable amount of the total protein. This has been shown to have significant cross-reactivity to certain proteins (chitinases) in banana, avocado and chestnuts, for example. […] At this time, it is helpful to understand that not all patients with true latex allergy have clinical reactions to fruit (~50%) and that few (~ 10%) of individuals with known allergy to a latex-cross-reacting fruit develop latex allergy symptoms. […] Research has shown that some foods have proteins that are like those in rubber tree sap. Sometimes people with latex allergies experience a reaction to “latex reactive foods.” This may be referred to as latex-food syndrome or latex-fruit allergy. Latex reactive foods include primarily nuts and fruit, but also some vegetables.

• #24 Overview of Allergic and Atopic Disorders – Immunology; Allergic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/immunology-allergic-disorders/allergic-autoimmune-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/overview-of-allergic-and-atopic-disorders

  Latex allergy is an exaggerated immune response to water-soluble proteins in latex products (eg, rubber gloves, dental dams, condoms, tubing for respiratory equipment, catheters, enema tips with inflatable latex cuffs). […] Acute reactions cause urticaria and anaphylaxis; delayed reactions cause dermatitis. […] Diagnosis of latex allergy is based primarily on history. Skin testing and assays for detecting IgE antilatex antibodies are available. […] Treatment is avoidance of latex. For the most part, health care institutions are now latex-free, and the incidence of latex allergy has dramatically decreased.

• #25 Latex Allergy – ECARF

  https://www.ecarf.org/en/information-portal/allergies-overview/latex-allergy/

  Latex allergy is a 20th century phenomenon. It was first described in 1927 and diagnosed for the first time in 1979 with a prick test. […] The allergy is usually triggered through skin contact. However, it is also possible to become sensitised to latex via the airways. This is especially problematic in the manufacture and use of powdered medical gloves because allergens from the latex bind to the latex-free powder. If the powder is released into the air, the latex allergens can be breathed in. […] Many people who are allergic to latex develop cross-reactivity to certain foods or plants. In particular, tropical fruits such as avocados, bananas and kiwis have a protein structure similar to that of the rubber plant. If the immune system of a person who is allergic to certain latex proteins is exposed to these fruits a kiwi, for example an allergic reaction may be triggered, due to the similarity of the proteins. This is referred to as latex-fruit syndrome.

• #26

  https://www.today.com/health/latex-allergy-skin-disorder-information-t188214

  Latex allergies can cause rashes on your skin, but they can also be deadly. If you have a latex allergy, you’re allergic to a protein found in the sap of the Brazilian rubber tree. A latex allergy reaction can be triggered by coming into contact with items that contain latex, or by breathing in latex fibers, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA). Latex allergies are caused when your immune system reacts as though latex is a harmful substance, according to the AAFA. Latex allergies aren’t very common. They affect less than 1% of people in the U.S., but people who are exposed to latex frequently are more likely to develop allergies. […] Contact dermatitis on hand. Eczematous. Different types of latex allergies cause different symptoms. A contact allergy causes a latex allergy rash when your skin touches latex. […] Repeated contact with latex can cause your reactions to be more severe, so it’s important to be diagnosed if you think you might be allergic to latex.

• #27 Allergy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy

  Latex can trigger an IgE-mediated cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic reaction. The prevalence of latex allergy in the general population is believed to be less than one percent. In a hospital study, 1 in 800 surgical patients (0.125 percent) reported latex sensitivity, although the sensitivity among healthcare workers is higher, between seven and ten percent. Researchers attribute this higher level to the exposure of healthcare workers to areas with significant airborne latex allergens, such as operating rooms, intensive-care units, and dental suites. These latex-rich environments may sensitize healthcare workers who regularly inhale allergenic proteins. […] The most prevalent response to latex is an allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed hypersensitive reaction appearing as dry, crusted lesions. This reaction usually lasts 48-96 hours. Sweating or rubbing the area under the glove aggravates the lesions, possibly leading to ulcerations. Anaphylactic reactions occur most often in sensitive patients who have been exposed to a surgeon’s latex gloves during abdominal surgery, but other mucosal exposures, such as dental procedures, can also produce systemic reactions.

• #28 Natural rubber latex allergy – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/natural-rubber-latex-allergy/

  Latex concentrate contains about 1% total protein, a small fraction of which remains in the resulting manufactured product as residual extractable protein. This protein material binds to a specific human IgE antibody and has been implicated in severe allergic reactions. […] While irritant contact dermatitis and Type IV hypersensitivity have been known for many years Type I hypersensitivity emerged only in the late eighties. […] Latex allergy is reported more frequently among those heavily exposed to NRL products such as: healthcare workers, janitorial staff, hairdressers, and rubber industry workers. […] One of the most efficient sources of sensitization in a medical or dental environment is via aerosolized latex protein from powdered latex gloves. […] Individuals who have undergone multiple surgical or dental procedures are also at high risk.

• #29 Changes in the characteristics of patients with latex allergy from 1999 to 2014

  https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/fmj/6/3/6_2019-013/_html/-char/en

  Latex allergy causes immediate type I allergic reactions induced by the interaction between water-soluble protein antigens contained in natural rubber latex and antigen-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies in the patients blood. Exposure to products containing natural rubber latex can cause various allergic symptoms including urticaria, asthma-like symptoms, and anaphylaxis. […] The mechanism of latex allergen exposure includes direct contact and the inhalation of powder found in powdered natural rubber gloves. […] In addition, latex allergy exhibits cross-reactivity with fruit allergies in 30%-50% of cases, particularly for high-risk foods including bananas, kiwi fruits, and avocados. […] The existence of latex allergy was first reported in 1979 by Nutter. […] In the 1980s, rubber gloves were increasingly used to prevent the spread of diseases such as hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus. At the same time, the number of patients with latex allergy increased, particularly among health care workers who frequently used rubber gloves.

• #30 Gene expression profiling of patients with latex and/or vegetable food allergy

  https://www.europeanreview.org/article/1342

  The prevalence of individuals allergic to latex, exhibiting cross-hypersensitivity with plant-derived food has been frequently reported as the so-called latex-fruit syndrome. Nonetheless, molecular mechanisms underlying allergy to latex and/or fruit are poorly understood. […] The aims of this study were to identify candidate genes that may be associated with the pathogenesis of allergy to latex and/or vegetable food, and to assess if similar molecular pathways are involved in both types of hypersensitivity. […] Molecular profiling identified an overlapping dataset of genes commonly regulated in all the atopic patients enrolled in this study, suggesting that similar molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of allergy to the fruit and/or latex. […] Several regulators of the innate and acquired immunity reported to polarize the immunological response towards a Th2-mediated immune response were overexpressed in the patients.

• #30 Gene expression profiling of patients with latex and/or vegetable food allergy

  https://www.europeanreview.org/article/1342

  Evidences suggested that the expression of T-regulatory cells might be defective in allergic patients, as a consequence of a dysregulation of some inflammatory cytokines. […] Finally, several transcription factors that may be responsible for the Th1/Th2 imbalance were modulated in allergic patients. […] This study identified relevant genes that may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying allergic disease.

• #31 Latex – management of a patient at risk of or with a known latex allergy

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/Latex_management_of_a_patient_at_risk_of_or_with_a_known_latex_allergy/

  The most effective prevention strategy is to avoid exposure to latex. Patients with a known history of reactions to latex products will be placed on latex allergy precautions and should be managed in a latex safe environment as outlined below. […] Ensure latex gloves are not stocked in the area. In the unlikely event that latex gloves are present replace with: Non sterile latex free examination gloves where exposure to blood or body fluids are anticipated should be worn to protect the staff member. […] Staff should be prepared to manage an acute allergic reaction, more information can be found on the RCH Clinical Practice Guideline: Anaphylaxis. […] It is recommended all resuscitation equipment should be latex-free. All resuscitation trolleys should routinely have latex-free non-sterile and sterile gloves, circuits, masks, catheter mounts and oral airways.

• #32 Latex Allergy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1215/p1413.html

  A systematic review showed that substituting powdered latex gloves with low-protein, powder-free, latex gloves or with latex-free gloves can provide primary prevention of latex allergy, as well as cost-savings for employers. […] Randomized controlled trials have suggested that sublingual immunotherapy with latex may be effective in patients with severe latex allergy, especially in those who cannot avoid all exposure to latex.

• #33 Immune response modulation by curcumin in a latex allergy model | Clinical and Molecular Allergy | Full Text

  https://clinicalmolecularallergy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-7961-5-1

  There has been a worldwide increase in allergy and asthma over the last few decades, particularly in industrially developed nations. […] The progress made in the pathogenesis of allergic disease has led to the exploration of novel alternative therapies, which include herbal medicines as well. […] Curcumin, present in turmeric, a frequently used spice in Asia has been shown to have anti-allergic and inflammatory potential. […] These animals were treated with curcumin and the immunological and inflammatory responses were evaluated. […] Intragastric treatment of latex-sensitized mice with curcumin demonstrated a diminished Th2 response with a concurrent reduction in lung inflammation. […] These results suggest that curcumin has potential therapeutic value for controlling allergic responses resulting from exposure to allergens.

• #33 Immune response modulation by curcumin in a latex allergy model | Clinical and Molecular Allergy | Full Text

  https://clinicalmolecularallergy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-7961-5-1

  The results indicate that curcumin downregulated Th2 responses and reduced lung inflammation in latex sensitized mice, suggesting a possible role for curcumin in controlling allergic responses. […] Mice exhibiting allergic responses to latex upon treatment with curcumin showed either reduced expression of several Th2 parameters or they remained unchanged from normal control mice. […] Taken together, our data indicate that curcumin is capable of down regulating the allergic response in mice challenged with latex allergens. […] The results suggest that curcumin reduced the IFN- producing cells in the lung resulting in the reduced inflammation that was detected in latex-sensitized mice. […] The results presented in this report clearly suggest that curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, is capable of reducing or suppressing the Th2 response induced in mice by exposing them to latex allergens. […] This may include suppression of Th2 responses as evidenced by reduced IL-4 and IL-13 production and depletion of eosinophils in the lungs, and attenuation of lung inflammation through expression of molecules such as TSLP, MMP-9, and OAT.

• #34 Neonatal latex allergy | Journal of Perinatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/7211795

  Latex allergy and hypersensitivity reactions are well-known complications for pediatric patients undergoing multiple surgical procedures. […] Current understanding suggests that exposure to latex bearing products soon after birth contributes to the magnitude of the hypersensitivity in spina bifida patients. […] A particular hevein protein (Hev b 6.02) has been singled out as the major component of latex immediate hypersensitivity reactions. […] The importance to these findings is that isolation of the specific proteins responsible for latex allergy may afford future therapeutic approaches such as blocking antibodies or even vaccination in extreme cases of latex allergy. […] Latex allergens originate from natural rubber latex gathered from the sap of the plant Hevea brasiliensis. […] It is worth noting that the subject in this Journal case report exhibited many of the signs of latex allergy but with longer response times, limited intensity and, fortunately, without progressing to anaphylaxis.

• #35 Latex Allergy | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/latex-allergy/

  Allergic reactions to latex may be serious and can very rarely be fatal. […] If you have latex allergy you should limit or avoid future exposure to latex products. […] Allergic reactions to products made with latex develop in persons who become allergic (or sensitized) to proteins contained in natural rubber latex. […] When people with latex allergy come into direct contact with latex, an allergic reaction may follow. […] In most cases, latex allergy develops after many previous exposures to latex. […] Latex allergy symptoms may include hives, itching, stuffy or runny nose. […] It can cause asthma symptoms of wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty breathing. […] The most severe latex allergy can result in anaphylaxis, a serious allergic reaction involving severe breathing difficulty and/or fall in blood pressure (shock).

• #36 Latex Allergy | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/latex-allergy

  This repeated exposure can increase the risk of developing a latex allergy. […] The airborne mix could then be inhaled, triggering an allergic reaction. […] Other types of reactions to latex exposure include irritant or allergic contact dermatitis; the latter condition is also known as type IV hypersensitivity, which is defined as a delayed immune response of the skin to chemical allergens. […] Allergic contact dermatitis may arise, though, from exposure to other non-latex contact allergens in dentistry, such as glutaraldehyde, methacrylates, and the rubber-processing chemicals found in gloves (e.g., thiurams, carbamates). […] Type IV hypersensitivity is typically diagnosed through the process of patch testing combined with an extensive patient history, physical examination, and other laboratory test results.

• #37 Latex Allergy | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/allergies/types-of-allergies/latex-allergy/

  Latex allergy is an allergy to natural rubber latex proteins. Your body’s immune system makes specific antibodies called IgE antibodies. These antibodies react with latex proteins and cause allergy symptoms. […] An allergic reaction can occur when latex touches your skin, comes in contact with a mucous membrane, such as your mouth, or gets into your lungs when you breathe in latex particles. […] IgE allergic reactions to latex can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. […] Many people who develop an IgE-mediated latex allergy will have contact dermatitis first. If you have contact dermatitis to latex, it may be a warning that you could develop a latex allergy later. […] Some foods have proteins that are like the proteins in rubber tree sap. If you have a latex allergy, you may have reactions to some foods. This is called latex-fruit syndrome or latex-food allergy syndrome. About 30 to 50% of people with a latex allergy have latex-fruit syndrome.

• #38 Understanding the Link Between Latex Allergy and Foods

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/link-between-latex-allergy-and-foods

  People who are allergic to natural rubber latex have an immune response to allergenic proteins in the latex. This can cause a wide range of reactions, from skin irritation to serious reactions like anaphylaxis. […] A latex allergy reaction is primarily triggered by proteins present in natural rubber latex. But cross-reactivity can happen when some foods have proteins that are structurally similar to those in latex, which can cause an allergic response. […] In cross-reactivity, the immune system responds to proteins from one substance as if they were from another, causing the body to recognize these proteins in food as harmful. Because of this, people who are allergic to latex may have allergic responses when they eat these foods.

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