Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Managing Lynch Syndrome | Lynch Syndrome Center

  https://lynchsyndromecenter.ucsf.edu/managing-lynch-syndrome

  A diagnosis of Lynch syndrome requires vigilance in order to prevent and detect cancer at an early stage. […] Because Lynch syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cancer, its important to carefully follow screening guidelines and take steps to modify lifestyle and prevent cancer. […] Some people opt to undergo risk-reducing surgery in order to prevent cancer. […] The best way to treat cancer is to prevent it from occurring in the first place. […] Because Lynch syndrome increases the risk of certain types of cancer, preventive strategies are of the utmost importance. […] Some research indicates that daily aspirin may be a viable preventive strategy for individuals with Lynch syndrome. […] The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study (CASH) demonstrated that use of oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of endometrial cancer by 50%. […] Several studies have indicated that a healthy diet and exercise may reduce the risk of developing cancer.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome: From Carcinogenesis to Prevention Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9454739/

  Promoting proper preventive interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality is one of the most important challenges pertaining to inherited conditions. […] This opens up unpredictable perspectives of translating such knowledge into validated programs for prevention and surveillance, in order to reduce the health impact of this disease through medical interventions before cancer development. […] In our review, we summarize the updated guidelines of the screening, surveillance, and risk-reducing strategies for LS patients. […] Surveillance and risk-reducing procedures are currently available and warranted for LS patients, depending on underlying germline mutation, and are focused on relevant targets for early cancer diagnosis or primary prevention. […] Although pharmacological approaches for preventing LS-associated cancer development were started many years ago, to date, aspirin remains the most studied drug intervention and the only one suggested by the main surveillance guidelines, despite the conflicting findings.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome | Colorectal Cancer Alliance

  https://colorectalcancer.org/screening-prevention/prevention/genetic-and-inherited-conditions/lynch-syndrome

  Lynch syndrome increases the risk for several other types of cancer, including endometrial cancer (uterine cancer), ovarian cancer, gastric (stomach) cancer and other types of cancer. […] People with Lynch syndrome should get screened early and often. Talk with your doctor about a screening plan to reduce your risk of developing colorectal or other cancers. […] Start at the age of 20-25, or two to five years younger than the youngest relative who was diagnosed with colorectal cancer. […] Continue with colonoscopy every one to two years until the age of 40, even if no polyps or pre-cancerous growths are found. Make sure to get a colonoscopy every year after 40. […] Some studies have shown that daily aspirin may reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer and other types of cancer in people with Lynch syndrome. Ask your doctor before taking any new medication.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome Facts –

  https://www.lynchscreening.net/implementation/follow-up-germline-testing/lynch-fact-sheets/

  ~3% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are due to Lynch Syndrome, previously referred to as Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) […] Recommended screening colonoscopy every 1-2 years beginning at age 25 has been demonstrated to substantially reduce ( 50%) CRC incidence and mortality […] Previous studies have demonstrated the clinical utility and cost effectiveness of screening for Lynch Syndrome all newly diagnosed CRCs […] Screening for Lynch Syndrome on all newly diagnosed colorectal cancers has been recommended by the Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention (EGAPP) Working Group, is a Healthy People 2020 Objective, and is currently being performed in 100s of facilities nationwide.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome: From Multidisciplinary Management to Precision Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/5/849

  The most important question in a clinician’s clinical routine is to understand who should undergo genetic counselling for the diagnosis of LS. […] Genetic counselling is recommended for patients with a 5% risk of LS, as assessed by MMRpro and the PREMM1, 2, 6 models. […] Endoscopy remains the gold standard method for colorectal cancer (CRC) surveillance in patients with LS. […] The recommended surveillance interval for colonoscopy has now been set at 2 years by the European, Japanese, and American endoscopy societies. […] High-quality colonoscopy is associated with a reduction in the interval of CRC and an increase in the detection of adenomas. […] Successful outcomes with immunotherapy using ICIs have unequivocally demonstrated the immune system’s capability to generate potent antitumor responses, resulting, in some cases, in complete response.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome | Colorectal Cancer Alliance

  https://colorectalcancer.org/screening-prevention/prevention/genetic-and-inherited-conditions/lynch-syndrome

  Some people with Lynch syndrome may consider surgically removing their whole colon (prophylactic colectomy), even before cancer is detected, to reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer. […] Women with Lynch syndrome should have a screening plan for endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer that includes an annual: […] Consider having surgery to remove your uterus (hysterectomy) and ovaries (oophorectomy) to reduce risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome and Gynecologic Tumors: Incidence, Prophylaxis, and Management of Patients with Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1400

  Prophylactic total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy reduce the risk of EC and OC in women with LS. […] The Manchester International Consensus Group recommends risk-reducing surgery for gynecologic tumors, and surgery for both CRC and CRC-prophylaxis to be performed at the same time whenever possible. […] The ESGO-ESTRO-ESP 2021 consensus recommends surveillance for EC in LS patients starting at the age of 35 years by annual transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and annual or biennial endometrial biopsy; and prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy should be considered to prevent both EC and OC at the end of the childbearing age and preferably before the age of 40 years. […] In addition, estrogen replacement therapy should be recommended in premenopausal women undergoing prophylactic surgery with hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome | Genetics and Hereditary Cancers | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/genetics-and-hereditary-cancers/lynch-syndrome/

  Our specialists follow NCCN recommendations, including: Removal of ovaries and uterus after childbearing is complete. […] Consideration of uterine cancer screening via uterine biopsy and transvaginal ultrasound. […] Consideration of ovarian cancer screening via CA-125 blood test and transvaginal ultrasound. […] Additional surveillance or management recommendations might include: Consideration of annual urinalysis beginning at age 30-35. […] Upper endoscopy every two to four years, beginning at age 30-40. […] Annual abdominal MRI and/or upper endoscopy beginning at age 50 if a family history of pancreatic cancer. […] Consideration of annual prostate screening starting at age 40. […] Consideration of additional screenings or starting screenings at a younger age, depending on personal risk factors and family history.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome: From Carcinogenesis to Prevention Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9454739/

  The first findings regarding aspirin and its potential activity in reducing the incidence of CRC were reported in 1988, in the context of a case-control study. […] At the moment, only one chemoprevention clinical trial in LS patients has been completed, the CAPP-2 (Cancer Prevention Program 2), and its results have been published. […] However, a further assessment at about 5 years of follow-up indicated a lower incidence of CRC in the intervention group, particularly in patients that had taken aspirin for almost 2 years. […] The rapid widespread of next-generation sequencing technologies, together with the progressive reduction in their price, make this technical approach appealing as an alternative to traditional syndrome specific genetic testing as well as in the up-front screening application.

• #1 Patients With Lynch Syndrome Not Employing Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Colon Cancer | Fox Chase Cancer Center – Philadelphia PA

  https://www.foxchase.org/news/2024-01-19-patients-with-lynch-syndrome-not-employing-aspirin-to-reduce-risk-of-colon-cancer

  Although studies have shown that aspirin can reduce the risk for colon cancer among people with Lynch syndrome, a new study presented today by researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center found that only a minority of patients are taking it as a form of chemoprevention. […] For people with Lynch syndrome, the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer, the previously published CAPP2 trial showed that if taken for at least two years, aspirin reduced the risk for colon cancer by about 40% and that risk reduction persisted for more than 10 years. […] Even in this high-risk population, engagement in a chemoprevention choice that we know has been proven in a trial to be beneficial was not great, Hall said. […] Concerns about the side effects of aspirin and the prevention reassurance of the protective benefits of aspirin were increased among the group of people who chose to take aspirin compared with those who did not.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8952565/

  A planned 10 year follow-up publication showed a non-significant aspirin preventive effect in the intention-to-treat analysis (HR = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.351.13), but a significant 59% CRC reduction in subjects who took aspirin regularly for at least two years (HR = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.190.86; p = 0.02) with a similar prevention rate also for all other syndromic cancers. […] The CAPP2 trial shows the delay of aspirin efficacy, as the cancer incidence started to separate between the two arms after five years, but even more important is that a relatively short treatment (median 26.5 months) provided such a long-lasting effect. […] For LS carriers there is general agreement that the evidence of aspirin efficacy is strong enough to consider and discuss its use within this high-risk population, even with the remaining doubts about dosage and duration. […] The decision to start aspirin treatment has to be taken after an adequate discussion to identify the individuals whom can gain the most benefit and are less likely to experience adverse events due to aspirin intake.

• #1 Lynch syndrome — Knowledge Hub

  https://www.genomicseducation.hee.nhs.uk/genotes/knowledge-hub/lynch-syndrome/

  Daily aspirin has been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and certain other cancers in Lynch syndrome. The optimal dose remains to be established (see the ongoing CAPP3 study). Current UK Cancer Genetics Group guidelines recommend a dose of 150mg once daily, but individuals weighing over 70kg may benefit from a higher dose. […] Screening for extracolonic cancers has not been shown to be effective, and is not recommended outside of research studies. The following should be considered to reduce cancer risk: […] women who have completed their family may consider risk-reducing surgery to remove the uterus, fallopian tubes +/- ovaries, after the age of 35. Hormone replacement therapy is usually recommended after risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to offset negative impact of premature menopause, up until the time at which natural menopause would be expected to occur; […] individuals with Lynch syndrome should be provided with advice regarding modifiable risk factors, including diet (particularly regarding fibre and resistant starch), smoking and alcohol intake.

• #1 Diagnosis and management of Lynch syndrome | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/e1/e80

  Colonoscopic surveillance should be performed every 2 years starting at age 25 years for MLH1, or MSH2 pathogenic variant carriers, or age 35 years for MSH6, or PMS2 pathogenic variant carriers. […] Aspirin reduces long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by approximately 50%. Recommended doses include 150 mg ODonce daily or 300 mg ODonce daily for patients with BMIbody mass index 30. […] Women should be counselled on prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy from age 40 years (MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 variant carriers). […] Chemoprophylaxis with daily aspirin for at least 2 years is recommended in patients 70 years old diagnosed with LS to reduce long-term CRC risk. […] In 2019, the BSG guidelines recommended that aspirin be offered to people with LS, and in 2020, NICE made the same recommendation, producing a decision aid to help patients understand the benefits of aspirin in the context of a diagnosis of LS.

• #1 Can a vaccine help prevent Lynch syndrome-related cancers? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/can-a-vaccine-help-prevent-lynch-syndrome-related-cancers.h00-159538956.html

  Lynch syndrome can generate other tumors as well, says Vilar-Sanchez. […] He is hopeful that a new clinical trial investigating a vaccine will offer an effective, safe and easy method of preventing Lynch syndrome-related cancers. […] A large clinical trial, CAPP-2, demonstrated the benefit of aspirin as chemoprevention for this patient population. […] A Phase I clinical trial led by Vilar-Sanchez showed the over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drug naproxen can also be an effective chemoprevention method for Lynch syndrome patients. […] But what if we could lower the risk of Lynch syndrome-related cancers with a vaccine and reduce the preventive demands on patients? […] The clinical trial will investigate a preventive vaccine designed to recognize multiple mutated proteins frequently found in patients with Lynch syndrome.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome and Gynecologic Tumors: Incidence, Prophylaxis, and Management of Patients with Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1400

  More recently, the NCCN 2022 guidelines have outlined a series of recommendations for the preventive management of LS-related tumors based on the specific mutational pattern carried. […] Progestin-based chemoprevention appears to reduce EC risk in women regardless of MMR status. […] Therefore, the Manchester International Consensus Group recommends that any MMR pathogenic variant carrier consider the option of oral contraception, whenever contraception is desired and after refusal of prophylactic surgery, in accordance with a clinician, to reduce the risk of both EC and OC. […] Although not proven to be effective in LS-related gynecologic tumors, aspirin may be administrated to reduce the risk of cancer in LS carriers. […] Early evidence of the prophylactic role of vaccination in reducing both cancer risk and cancer progression in patients with LS are promising and warrant further investigation.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome: From Carcinogenesis to Prevention Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9454739/

  In addition, we present the updated screening and surveillance strategies as well as the possible chemoprevention interventions for patients with LS, with a particular focus on novel immunological strategies. […] The other risk-reducing surgery indicated in LS is a prophylactic hysterectomy, associated with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (HBSO), usually for women who have completed their childbearing or after menopause. […] The Manchester International Consensus Group strongly recommends that HBSO is offered since 35-40 years of age, in heterozygotes with pathogenic MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6, whereas for pathogenic PMS2 heterozygotes, there is not sufficient evidence. […] Unfortunately, to date, no drug has received formal approval for this indication, even if aspirin represents the only pharmacological therapy specifically suggested for LS patients by some guidelines.

• #1 Lynch syndrome options and cancer risk reduction | Ovarian Cancer Action

  https://ovarian.org.uk/hereditary-cancer-and-risk/i-have-a-genetic-mutation/what-are-my-options-cancer-prevention/lynch-syndrome-what-are-my-options-screening-and-cancer-risk-reduction/

  There is currently no national screening programme for ovarian cancer, either for the general public or high risk groups, and surveillance isnt routinely offered. […] If you are a woman with Lynch syndrome you have the option of having surgery to remove your ovaries and fallopian tubes (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy), which will significantly reduce your risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] Having your ovaries and fallopian tubes removed will also reduce your risk of developing breast cancer, though the precise risk reduction is uncertain. […] As Lynch syndrome also increases the risk of uterine cancer, it is recommended that women with Lynch syndrome have a hysterectomy to remove their womb in addition to their ovaries and fallopian tubes. […] Guidelines suggest Lynch syndrome women should consider these surgeries between the ages of 40-45.

• #1 Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (Lynch Syndrome) Treatment & Management: Surgical Care, Postoperative Surveillance, Prophylactic Colectomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/188613-treatment

  Prophylactic subtotal colectomy (SC) or total colectomy (TC) may be an alternative to surveillance colonoscopy for individuals with confirmed mutations. […] The analysis showed that, although both approaches offer a modest survival benefit over no intervention, immediate TC and SC were superior to surveillance, with an expected gain in life expectancy of 15.6 years after immediate TC and 15.3 years after SC, as compared with 13.5 years for surveillance. […] Because no evidence-based data support one approach over another, aggressive surveillance is generally preferred, except in select situations in which surveillance is not technically feasible or in patients with mutations who refuse colonoscopic surveillance but agree to sigmoidoscopic surveillance of the rectal remnant. […] To help reduce the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer, some experts recommend discussing prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with women older than 50 years who have HNPCC.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/lynch-syndrome

  Surgery may be recommended to patients with colorectal cancer who test positive for Lynch syndrome in order to prevent additional cancer. For instance, if you have colorectal cancer and test positive for Lynch syndrome, it may be recommended to remove the majority of your colon at the time of your surgery for colon cancer, which would reduce your risk of developing another primary colorectal cancer tumor from 40 percent to 1 percent. Likewise, female patients with colorectal cancer may also want to consider having their uterus and ovaries removed to prevent the occurrence of endometrial and ovarian cancer associated with Lynch syndrome.

• #1 A Potential Cancer Prevention Vaccine for Lynch Syndrome – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/vaccine-prevents-colorectal-lynch-syndrome

  Researchers have taken the first steps toward developing a vaccine to prevent cancer in people with Lynch syndrome, an inherited condition that elevates a persons risk of colorectal, endometrial, and other types of cancer. […] Current methods for preventing cancer in people with Lynch syndrome include frequent cancer screenings to detect precancer or early-stage cancer, low-dose aspirin for colorectal cancer prevention, and risk-reducing surgery. […] A vaccine could offer another, potentially more efficient, way to hinder cancer development. […] The presence of shared tumor neoantigens among people with Lynch syndrome raises the possibility of being able to create a single type of vaccine that might work for millions of people, said Dr. Weiner. […] DCPs PREVENT Cancer Preclinical Drug Development Program, which focuses on unmet needs in cancer prevention that are not adequately addressed by the private sector, recognized the potential of this vaccine to prevent cancer in individuals with Lynch syndrome.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome Cancer Prevention Vaccine: What is the Latest?  | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2025/03/lynch-syndrome-cancer-prevention-vaccine-latest-updates/

  Lynch syndrome greatly increases the risk of colon and other cancers, with some individuals facing up to a 74% chance of developing colon cancer. […] Dana-Farber researchers are testing a vaccine that trains the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells before they develop. […] This clinical trial is the largest of its kind in North America and aims to transform cancer prevention for Lynch syndrome patients. […] Dana-Farber researchers are running a clinical trial testing a cancer vaccine that trains the immune system to very specifically recognize the kinds of cancer cells that are likely to develop in people with Lynch syndrome and eradicate them before they develop into cancer. […] Wed like to use these same principles to prevent cancer from occurring in genetically predisposed individuals using a vaccine. It is a very exciting prospect.

• #1 Cancer researchers test preventive vaccine for people with Lynch Syndrome | Cancer Center

  https://cancercenter.arizona.edu/news/2023/08/cancer-researchers-test-preventive-vaccine-people-lynch-syndrome

  More than 1.2 million people in the U.S. have an increased risk of developing colon and other cancers due to an inherited genetic disorder, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, or Lynch syndrome. […] Today, a collaborative team of researchers is testing if a vaccination could prevent people with Lynch syndrome from developing colon polyps or tumors. […] Prevention with vaccines is a highly attractive approach because they potentially target transformed cells and could provide life-long protection, Chow said. […] According to Scott, Lynch Syndrome study researchers are testing a preventive vaccine series that uses a combination of three vaccines, called Tri-Ad5, combined with a protein, N-803, that boost the bodys own immune system to prevent polyps and cancers. […] According to Melson, since Lynch Syndrome patients are at an increased risk for cancer in multiple organs, this intervention study offers a potential way to prevent cancer development in those multiple susceptible organs.

• #1 Developing the first cancer prevention vaccine for Lynch syndrome — Nuffield Department of Medicine

  https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/news/developing-the-first-cancer-prevention-vaccine-for-lynch-syndrome

  Scientists from the Centre for Human Genetics at Nuffield Department of Medicine are taking the initial steps in developing the UKs first vaccine to prevent cancer in people with Lynch syndrome, thanks to funding from Cancer Research UK. […] The first steps will see the team analysing cells that are showing early signs of becoming cancerous (called pre-cancers) from people with Lynch syndrome. They will use this information to determine which parts of a pre-cancer can be attacked by the immune system and whether a vaccine approach is likely to work to prevent cancer. […] With this knowledge, the researchers believe they could potentially design a vaccine that teaches the immune system to recognise pre-cancer cells and destroy them before they become cancer. […] We hope our research will lay the early foundations to potentially prevent these cases through vaccination, removing the fear of cancer from people whose chances of developing it in their lifetime are far higher.

• #1 Understanding Lynch Syndrome and Associated Cancer Risk: Future Preventive Considerations

  https://www.onclive.com/view/understanding-lynch-syndrome-and-associated-cancer-risk-future-preventive-considerations

  In this sixth episode of OncChats: Understanding Lynch Syndrome and Cancer Risk, Fay Kastrinos, MD, MPH, shares future considerations for optimizing the identification of Lynch syndrome and other efforts underway to prevent colorectal cancer in those who have this condition. […] Future considerations also involve immunoprevention in Lynch syndrome, as well as the consideration of germline genetic testing in all colon cancerseven in the general populationspecifically to optimize the identification of Lynch syndrome. […] Immunoprevention may be an option for the prevention of microsatellite instabilityrelated colon cancer. Lynch syndrome represents an ideal condition for the development of a preventive cancer vaccine. […] Current studies are underway to further explore the prevention of CRC in patients with Lynch syndrome, in addition to those who have survived colon cancer or those who have metastatic disease.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome: From Carcinogenesis to Prevention Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9454739/

  A positive effect of the physical activity in reducing cancer risk can be derived from many studies. […] Recent data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry have confirmed a potential beneficial effect of exercise intervention and reduced cancer risk in LS patients, but apparently only with a more intense activity compared to the standard recommendations. […] The potential role of resistant starch in reducing the risk of extracolonic cancer in LS patients has been reported.

• #1 Opinion: For Those With Lynch Syndrome, Exercise May Be A Useful Defense Against Colorectal Cancer

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/opinion-for-those-with-lynch-syndrome-exercise-may-be-a-useful-defense-against-colorectal-cancer

  A structured exercise program may aid in preventing colorectal cancer in patients with Lynch syndrome. […] According to the findings of the prospective, non-randomized, single-site controlled CYCLE-P study (NCT03495674), as published in Clinical Cancer Research, patients with Lynch syndrome who engaged in a 12-month aerobic exercise cycling intervention experienced notable changes. […] Nurses can inform their patients that this research showcased an improvement in the cardiovascular fitness of patients with Lynch syndrome following a one-year cycling intervention, as evidenced by elevated VO2peak levels. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory markers and an increase in cells that promote the activation of the immune system. These findings collectively suggest that exercise may play a role in cancer prevention by stimulating adaptive antitumor immunity.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lynch-syndrome-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment-4690875

  A healthy lifestyle is at the core of disease prevention, cancer included. This means refraining from recreational drugs, smoking, and excessive alcohol intake. It also means getting plenty of physical exercise, and maintaining a healthy diet. […] The syndrome itself cannot be treated or prevented. However, living a healthy lifestyle and being screened for cancer regularly can help reduce cancer risk.

• #1 Cancer Prevention Strategies for Lynch Syndrome Mutations

  https://www.geneticlifehacks.com/cancer-prevention-strategies-for-lynch-syndrome-mutations/

  Hormonal contraceptives: A study published in JAMA found that women with Lynch syndrome mutations who had used hormonal contraceptives for more than 1 year had a 50% reduction in the risk for endometrial cancer. […] Dont smoke! and avoid drinking a lot of alcohol: Cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of cancer in people who carry Lynch syndrome mutations. […] What not to eat: For colon cancer in Lynch syndrome patients, studies show that what you normally eat does matter. […] Melatonin, good sleep, and blocking blue light at night: Many studies link melatonin to cancer prevention both as a free radical scavenger and through its impact on circadian rhythm. […] Avoiding carcinogens: Avoiding carcinogens is a good idea for everyone, but it can be especially important for people with Lynch syndrome mutations.

• #1 Modifiable risk factors for cancer among people with lynch syndrome: an international, cross-sectional survey | Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice | Full Text

  https://hccpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13053-024-00280-w

  Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal and endometrial cancer. Lifestyle modification may provide an opportunity for adjunctive cancer prevention. […] As evidence supporting the relevance of modifiable factors in Lynch syndrome emerges, behavioural modification may prove an impactful means of cancer prevention. […] Current methods of colorectal cancer prevention in LS include regular colonoscopies, for removal of pre-cancer polyps in addition to surveillance, and regular aspirin for chemoprevention. […] In women, risk-reducing hysterectomy, with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy depending on the gene-specific risk, is recommended once childbearing is complete to reduce risk of endometrial cancer. […] The most recent recommendations from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) advise reducing excess body weight, increasing physical activity, and minimising alcohol and tobacco consumption to reduce risk of colorectal and endometrial cancer.

• #1 Vitamin D and lifestyle, large bowel cancer development and Lynch syndrome | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/research-policy/our-research/grants-database/vitamin-d-lifestyle-bowel-cancer-lynch-syndrome/

  People with Lynch syndrome have an increased risk of developing large bowel cancer and it is thought that vitamin D may play a role. […] In our World Cancer Research Fund project we will evaluate different forms of vitamin D in the development of colorectal neoplasms in people with Lynch syndrome. […] More insight into the role of lifestyle factors, such as vitamin D, in the development of colorectal neoplasms may lead to intervention studies and, ultimately, prevention programmes or specific recommendations for these people with an inherited high risk of cancer. […] Our main prediction is that higher vitamin D concentrations are associated with a decreased large bowel tumour risk in people with LS. […] We will analyse this database to determine whether the different forms of vitamin D are related to the risk of large bowel tumours. […] More insight into the role of lifestyle factors, such as vitamin D, in the development of large bowel tumours may lead to intervention studies and, ultimately, prevention programmes or specific recommendations for these people with an inherited high risk of large bowel cancer.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome | Symptoms & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/lynch-syndrome

  Not everyone with the condition will develop cancer in their lifetime. However, knowing you are a Lynch mutation carrier can help you receive early screening and regular surveillance, which aids in cancer prevention. […] Through our high-risk clinics, our specialists provide personalized, life-saving screening recommendations aimed to aid in early detection and cancer prevention. […] Genetic testing will also reveal the type of gene mutation you have, which may impact recommendations for preventative care and treatment. […] If you are diagnosed with Lynch syndrome or are concerned about your risk, our specialists offer comprehensive, personalized care through our GI Cancer Prevention Program in Washington, D.C., and our High-Risk Cancer Program in Baltimore. […] Our high-risk programs ensure patients receive personalized surveillance and prevention plans that take into account their family history, personal history of cancer, genetic mutation type, and personal preferences. […] While not everyone who has a genetic condition linked to Lynch syndrome will develop cancer, its important to stay on top of cancer screenings and stay connected to your care team so you can monitor any early signs and potentially prevent cancer from developing.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome Center | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/treatment/cancer-genetics/syndromes-genes-programs/lynch-syndrome

  We ensure that our patients’ personalized management plans are up-to-date with cutting-edge research and state-of-the-art national guidelines. […] Genetic counseling and testing are recommended for individuals who may be at risk for Lynch syndrome. […] During these visits, a comprehensive analysis of your own history and your family’s history of cancer will be performed to help understand your own cancer risk and devise future cancer screening and prevention strategies. […] If you are found to have Lynch syndrome, you will receive ongoing follow-up from our care team, including regular cancer screenings such as colonoscopies. […] We offer comprehensive clinical care for our patients, acting as your advocate. […] Our experienced clinicians will collaborate with your primary care provider, gastroenterologist, gynecologist, and other health care providers to ensure that you are getting all the cancer screening procedures you need in a timely manner. […] Our scheduling staff and Lynch syndrome nursing experts can help coordinate your multidisciplinary referrals and follow-up appointments, based on your personalized management plan.

• #1

  https://www.facingourrisk.org/lynch-syndrome-resource

  Lynch syndrome is an inherited condition that increases the risk for colorectal, endometrial and several other types of cancers and causes these cancers to run in families. […] Following the guidelines for screening and prevention in people with Lynch syndrome increase the chances of preventing cancer or catching it at its earliest and most treatable stage. […] Cancer risks and management guidelines are different for each Lynch syndrome gene. It’s important to know which Lynch syndrome gene mutation you have. […] Speaking with a genetics expert can help ensure that you receive the most accurate and up-to-date information about options for managing your cancer risk. […] Genetic testing is the only way to know if you have Lynch syndrome. […] Most private health insurers cover genetic counseling and testing for Lynch syndrome with low or no out-of-pocket costs for people who have a personal history or a family history of cancer that meets certain criteria. […] Some Lynch syndrome cancers are more likely to respond to treatment with immunotherapy.

• #1 Understanding Lynch Syndrome and Associated Cancer Risk: Future Preventive Considerations

  https://www.onclive.com/view/understanding-lynch-syndrome-and-associated-cancer-risk-future-preventive-considerations

  Germline genetic testing should be considered in all colon cancer cases; this would not miss any Lynch syndrome carrier. […] Identifying all Lynch syndrome carriers with colon cancer allows us to also target the at-risk family members, which is done through cascade testing. […] If they’re identified [to have] Lynch syndrome, we can then pursue screening and prevention strategies; these are our pre-vivors that we aim to keep cancer free. […] The Office of Public Health Genomics of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention have currently identified Lynch syndrome, as well as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, as tier 1 conditions that are eligible for population-based genetic testing in the future. […] In summary, many advances have been made for the identification, management, and the treatment of Lynch syndrome. Additional work will continue to optimize cancer prevention and potential cure for Lynch syndrome.

• #1 Lynch syndrome and colorectal cancer risk

  https://preventcancer.org/article/lynch-syndrome-colorectal-cancer/

  Lynch syndrome influences colorectal cancer prevention and screening. […] Awareness of Lynch syndrome enables people to take charge of their health. […] If you are tested and do find out you have Lynch syndrome, you can take steps proactively to lower your risk of developing colorectal and other cancers. […] Everyone should get routine cancer screenings to prevent cancer or detect it early, when successful treatment is more likely. […] If you have Lynch syndrome, you will be advised to start screening with a colonoscopy at a younger age, sometimes as early as your 20s. […] Colonoscopies are typically the recommended screening method for those at increased risk due to the ability to find and remove precancerous polyps during the procedure before they potentially turn into cancer. […] If you have Lynch syndrome, your health care team can work with you to develop a cancer screening plan that is tailored toward your specific mutation.

• #1 Patients With Lynch Syndrome Not Employing Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Colon Cancer | Fox Chase Cancer Center – Philadelphia PA

  https://www.foxchase.org/news/2024-01-19-patients-with-lynch-syndrome-not-employing-aspirin-to-reduce-risk-of-colon-cancer

  Hall said these findings are important to take back to investigators developing new prevention strategies to help them understand the barriers that might limit their work. […] Part of what we work to do is identify what is most attractive to patients, Hall said. Even if the prevention method has a smaller benefit, if it is attractive and more people engage with it, the more effective it is.

• #1 Modifiable risk factors for cancer among people with lynch syndrome: an international, cross-sectional survey | Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice | Full Text

  https://hccpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13053-024-00280-w

  This study demonstrates trends in chemoprevention and surveillance that differ between regions. […] We have described female-specific risk factors for endometrial cancer in LS patients. […] This context provides opportunities to raise awareness of the role of lifestyle modifications in LS and other high penetrance cancer predisposition syndromes, potentially contributing to cancer prevention in high-risk groups. […] Given that the median adherence score to recommendations is 2.5 out of 7, there is substantial scope for interventions that encourage behavioural change as a means of cancer prevention. […] As actionable evidence emerges in the coming years regarding modifiable risk factors in LS, strong guideline recommendations will be needed to influence clinical practice.

• #1 Can a vaccine help prevent Lynch syndrome-related cancers? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/can-a-vaccine-help-prevent-lynch-syndrome-related-cancers.h00-159538956.html

  We want to immunize patients who are cancer-free with those shared foreign mutated proteins so that the immune system will be prepared if a patient develops a tumor to reject it, Vilar-Sanchez says. […] The preventive clinical trials goal is to offer patients with Lynch syndrome an easier approach to managing cancer risks. […] We hope this vaccine can serve as interception, and, if the results show it works, patients will be able to space out their surveillance more and more, Vilar-Sanchez says. […] By reducing the burden for patients, he hopes for an uptick in compliance.

• #1 Lynch Syndrome: From Multidisciplinary Management to Precision Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/5/849

  These findings have paved the way for the development of cancer vaccines in both prevention and interception settings. […] In this regard, the CAPP-2 (Cancer Prevention Program 2) is the only completed clinical trial on chemoprevention in LS patients, which aims to investigate the antineoplastic effects of aspirin (at 600 mg/day) and resistant starch in LS carriers. […] Despite adverse events remaining the main obstacle in the use of aspirin for primary prevention, these results confirm its effectiveness and good tolerance. […] Preventive pharmacological measures are expected to be introduced soon, and there are preliminary and promising developments in the uses of immunotherapy and anti-cancer vaccines in the treatment of these highly immunogenic tumors associated with LS.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome Cancer Prevention Vaccine: What is the Latest?  | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2025/03/lynch-syndrome-cancer-prevention-vaccine-latest-updates/

  Lynch syndrome greatly increases the risk of colon and other cancers, with some individuals facing up to a 74% chance of developing colon cancer. […] Dana-Farber researchers are testing a vaccine that trains the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells before they develop. […] This clinical trial is the largest of its kind in North America and aims to transform cancer prevention for Lynch syndrome patients. […] Dana-Farber researchers are running a clinical trial testing a cancer vaccine that trains the immune system to very specifically recognize the kinds of cancer cells that are likely to develop in people with Lynch syndrome and eradicate them before they develop into cancer. […] Wed like to use these same principles to prevent cancer from occurring in genetically predisposed individuals using a vaccine. It is a very exciting prospect.

• #2 Can a vaccine help prevent Lynch syndrome-related cancers? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/can-a-vaccine-help-prevent-lynch-syndrome-related-cancers.h00-159538956.html

  Lynch syndrome can generate other tumors as well, says Vilar-Sanchez. […] He is hopeful that a new clinical trial investigating a vaccine will offer an effective, safe and easy method of preventing Lynch syndrome-related cancers. […] A large clinical trial, CAPP-2, demonstrated the benefit of aspirin as chemoprevention for this patient population. […] A Phase I clinical trial led by Vilar-Sanchez showed the over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drug naproxen can also be an effective chemoprevention method for Lynch syndrome patients. […] But what if we could lower the risk of Lynch syndrome-related cancers with a vaccine and reduce the preventive demands on patients? […] The clinical trial will investigate a preventive vaccine designed to recognize multiple mutated proteins frequently found in patients with Lynch syndrome.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome | Symptoms & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/lynch-syndrome

  Not everyone with the condition will develop cancer in their lifetime. However, knowing you are a Lynch mutation carrier can help you receive early screening and regular surveillance, which aids in cancer prevention. […] Through our high-risk clinics, our specialists provide personalized, life-saving screening recommendations aimed to aid in early detection and cancer prevention. […] Genetic testing will also reveal the type of gene mutation you have, which may impact recommendations for preventative care and treatment. […] If you are diagnosed with Lynch syndrome or are concerned about your risk, our specialists offer comprehensive, personalized care through our GI Cancer Prevention Program in Washington, D.C., and our High-Risk Cancer Program in Baltimore. […] Our high-risk programs ensure patients receive personalized surveillance and prevention plans that take into account their family history, personal history of cancer, genetic mutation type, and personal preferences. […] While not everyone who has a genetic condition linked to Lynch syndrome will develop cancer, its important to stay on top of cancer screenings and stay connected to your care team so you can monitor any early signs and potentially prevent cancer from developing.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome and Cancer Risk – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/lynch-syndrome-and-cancer-risk/

  Lynch syndrome, the most common hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome in the US, significantly elevates the risk of developing various cancers, particularly colorectal and endometrial. […] Treatment focuses on rigorous surveillance for early detection and prevention, including regular colonoscopies and consideration of prophylactic hysterectomy for women. […] In individuals with Lynch syndrome, regular colonoscopies have been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer by more than 50% and reduce mortality by 65%, which highlights the importance of regular screening. […] For detecting endometrial cancer, women with Lynch syndrome should be offered screening via pelvic exams and transvaginal ultrasounds with endometrial biopsy beginning between age 30 and 35, and repeated annually. […] Evidence suggests that in patients with Lynch syndrome, daily aspirin can reduce the long-term risk of colorectal cancer by approximately 50%.

• #2 Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Cancer screening and management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lynch-syndrome-hereditary-nonpolyposis-colorectal-cancer-cancer-screening-and-management

  Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Cancer screening and management […] Individuals with Lynch syndrome have an increased risk of colorectal and endometrial cancer. Other sites of cancer include the ovary, stomach, small bowel, pancreatobiliary system, genitourinary system (urothelial cancer), prostate, brain, and skin. There may also be an increased risk of breast cancer in individuals with Lynch syndrome. […] This topic will review recommendations for screening and surveillance of individuals with Lynch syndrome and their families. Guidelines for cancer screening in patients diagnosed with Lynch syndrome have been proposed by several groups including: the American College of Gastroenterology, United States Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, European Hereditary Tumor Group, the Manchester International Consensus Group, the British Society of Gastroenterology, the European Society of Medical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Our recommendations are largely consistent with these guidelines. […] General measures […] Health maintenance — Several important measures are appropriate for all patients with Lynch syndrome including: […] Other cancer prevention strategies […] Prophylactic surgery […] Chemoprevention.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/lynch-syndrome

  If you have the testing, genetic counselors and doctors will design a risk management program for you. It will include individualized recommendations for cancer screening, guidance on prevention and options for treatment. […] Based on your family history, genetic testing results and other cancer risk factors, your counselors and doctors will provide you with an individualized risk management program that includes recommendations for cancer screening, prevention and treatment options. […] If you tested positive for Lynch syndrome, but do not have a cancer diagnosis, or your doctor suspects that you have Lynch syndrome, the following cancer screening plan may be recommended. […] While there is no established screening for endometrial cancer at this time, given the high risk of developing the disease in women with Lynch syndrome, the following may be recommended: Endometrial biopsy every year beginning at age 30 to 35.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome | Genetics and Hereditary Cancers | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/genetics-and-hereditary-cancers/lynch-syndrome/

  Our specialists follow NCCN recommendations, including: Removal of ovaries and uterus after childbearing is complete. […] Consideration of uterine cancer screening via uterine biopsy and transvaginal ultrasound. […] Consideration of ovarian cancer screening via CA-125 blood test and transvaginal ultrasound. […] Additional surveillance or management recommendations might include: Consideration of annual urinalysis beginning at age 30-35. […] Upper endoscopy every two to four years, beginning at age 30-40. […] Annual abdominal MRI and/or upper endoscopy beginning at age 50 if a family history of pancreatic cancer. […] Consideration of annual prostate screening starting at age 40. […] Consideration of additional screenings or starting screenings at a younger age, depending on personal risk factors and family history.

• #2

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8952565/

  Cancer prevention in the era of precision medicine has to consider integrated therapeutic approaches. […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and, in particular, aspirin use, has been associated with reduced CRC risk in several studies, initially with contradictory results; however, longer follow-up confirmed a reduced CRC incidence and mortality. […] The leading international guidelines suggest discussing with Lynch syndrome carriers the possibility of using low-dose aspirin for CRC prevention. We aim systematically promote this intervention with all Lynch syndrome carriers. […] Lynch syndrome carriers are a very high-risk population, appropriate for cancer prevention trials where aspirin may play as an adjuvant therapy to improve surveillance results (but not to quit colonoscopy).

• #2 Patients With Lynch Syndrome Not Employing Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Colon Cancer | Fox Chase Cancer Center – Philadelphia PA

  https://www.foxchase.org/news/2024-01-19-patients-with-lynch-syndrome-not-employing-aspirin-to-reduce-risk-of-colon-cancer

  Although studies have shown that aspirin can reduce the risk for colon cancer among people with Lynch syndrome, a new study presented today by researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center found that only a minority of patients are taking it as a form of chemoprevention. […] For people with Lynch syndrome, the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer, the previously published CAPP2 trial showed that if taken for at least two years, aspirin reduced the risk for colon cancer by about 40% and that risk reduction persisted for more than 10 years. […] Even in this high-risk population, engagement in a chemoprevention choice that we know has been proven in a trial to be beneficial was not great, Hall said. […] Concerns about the side effects of aspirin and the prevention reassurance of the protective benefits of aspirin were increased among the group of people who chose to take aspirin compared with those who did not.

• #2

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8952565/

  A planned 10 year follow-up publication showed a non-significant aspirin preventive effect in the intention-to-treat analysis (HR = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.351.13), but a significant 59% CRC reduction in subjects who took aspirin regularly for at least two years (HR = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.190.86; p = 0.02) with a similar prevention rate also for all other syndromic cancers. […] The CAPP2 trial shows the delay of aspirin efficacy, as the cancer incidence started to separate between the two arms after five years, but even more important is that a relatively short treatment (median 26.5 months) provided such a long-lasting effect. […] For LS carriers there is general agreement that the evidence of aspirin efficacy is strong enough to consider and discuss its use within this high-risk population, even with the remaining doubts about dosage and duration. […] The decision to start aspirin treatment has to be taken after an adequate discussion to identify the individuals whom can gain the most benefit and are less likely to experience adverse events due to aspirin intake.

• #2 Cancer Prevention with Aspirin for Patients with Lynch Syndromelogo-32logo-40logo-60NEJM Journal WatchnejmJW_1L_RGB-b

  https://www.jwatch.org/na51832/2020/08/10/cancer-prevention-with-aspirin-patients-with-lynch

  Long-term follow-up data show that daily aspirin may significantly reduce colorectal cancer risk for Lynch syndrome patients. […] The CAPP2 results continue to support a CRC preventive benefit for aspirin use in patients with Lynch syndrome.

• #2 Diagnosis and management of Lynch syndrome | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/e1/e80

  Colonoscopic surveillance should be performed every 2 years starting at age 25 years for MLH1, or MSH2 pathogenic variant carriers, or age 35 years for MSH6, or PMS2 pathogenic variant carriers. […] Aspirin reduces long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by approximately 50%. Recommended doses include 150 mg ODonce daily or 300 mg ODonce daily for patients with BMIbody mass index 30. […] Women should be counselled on prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy from age 40 years (MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 variant carriers). […] Chemoprophylaxis with daily aspirin for at least 2 years is recommended in patients 70 years old diagnosed with LS to reduce long-term CRC risk. […] In 2019, the BSG guidelines recommended that aspirin be offered to people with LS, and in 2020, NICE made the same recommendation, producing a decision aid to help patients understand the benefits of aspirin in the context of a diagnosis of LS.

• #2 Patients With Lynch Syndrome Not Employing Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Colon Cancer | Fox Chase Cancer Center – Philadelphia PA

  https://www.foxchase.org/news/2024-01-19-patients-with-lynch-syndrome-not-employing-aspirin-to-reduce-risk-of-colon-cancer

  Hall said these findings are important to take back to investigators developing new prevention strategies to help them understand the barriers that might limit their work. […] Part of what we work to do is identify what is most attractive to patients, Hall said. Even if the prevention method has a smaller benefit, if it is attractive and more people engage with it, the more effective it is.

• #2 Behind the Research: The Studies that Led to Trial Vaccines for People with Lynch Syndrome | Division of Cancer Prevention

  https://prevention.cancer.gov/news-and-events/news/behind-research-studies-led-trial-vaccines-people-lynch-syndrome

  Recently, however, increasing evidence suggests that the common over-the-counter painkiller aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like naproxen may reduce colorectal cancer risk in people with Lynch syndrome. […] Initial aspirin studies had mixed results, with mice often faring better than their human counterparts. But new studies are investigating whether low-dose aspirin may lower bleeding risk and prove more effective for reducing cancer risk in this high-risk group. […] NSAIDs are linked in a number of epidemiological studies to a protective anti-cancer effect. […] The current vaccine trials are expected to inform the next steps in vaccine development and may be beneficial to a far larger population in the future.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome | Colorectal Cancer Alliance

  https://colorectalcancer.org/screening-prevention/prevention/genetic-and-inherited-conditions/lynch-syndrome

  Some people with Lynch syndrome may consider surgically removing their whole colon (prophylactic colectomy), even before cancer is detected, to reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer. […] Women with Lynch syndrome should have a screening plan for endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer that includes an annual: […] Consider having surgery to remove your uterus (hysterectomy) and ovaries (oophorectomy) to reduce risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome and Gynecologic Tumors: Incidence, Prophylaxis, and Management of Patients with Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1400

  Prophylactic total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy reduce the risk of EC and OC in women with LS. […] The Manchester International Consensus Group recommends risk-reducing surgery for gynecologic tumors, and surgery for both CRC and CRC-prophylaxis to be performed at the same time whenever possible. […] The ESGO-ESTRO-ESP 2021 consensus recommends surveillance for EC in LS patients starting at the age of 35 years by annual transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and annual or biennial endometrial biopsy; and prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy should be considered to prevent both EC and OC at the end of the childbearing age and preferably before the age of 40 years. […] In addition, estrogen replacement therapy should be recommended in premenopausal women undergoing prophylactic surgery with hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

• #2 Lynch syndrome — Knowledge Hub

  https://www.genomicseducation.hee.nhs.uk/genotes/knowledge-hub/lynch-syndrome/

  Daily aspirin has been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and certain other cancers in Lynch syndrome. The optimal dose remains to be established (see the ongoing CAPP3 study). Current UK Cancer Genetics Group guidelines recommend a dose of 150mg once daily, but individuals weighing over 70kg may benefit from a higher dose. […] Screening for extracolonic cancers has not been shown to be effective, and is not recommended outside of research studies. The following should be considered to reduce cancer risk: […] women who have completed their family may consider risk-reducing surgery to remove the uterus, fallopian tubes +/- ovaries, after the age of 35. Hormone replacement therapy is usually recommended after risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to offset negative impact of premature menopause, up until the time at which natural menopause would be expected to occur; […] individuals with Lynch syndrome should be provided with advice regarding modifiable risk factors, including diet (particularly regarding fibre and resistant starch), smoking and alcohol intake.

• #2 Preventive Treatment for People at High Risk for Colorectal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/colorectal-cancer/treatments/preventive-treatment-for-people-at-high-risk-for-colorectal-cancer

  People with HNPCC should have a colonoscopy and other cancer screenings starting at a young age and on a frequent basis. […] Our doctors recommend that people with a strong family history of colorectal cancer or related cancers should see a genetic counselor for assessment and, if needed, genetic testing. […] People with familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome may choose to have surgery to remove the entire colon—a procedure called a total colectomy—to help prevent colon cancer.

• #2 A Potential Cancer Prevention Vaccine for Lynch Syndrome – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/vaccine-prevents-colorectal-lynch-syndrome

  This is one of the first cancer immunoprevention vaccines that uses anticipated neoantigens that might be formed from DNA mismatch repair defects, Dr. Umar said. […] To develop a neoantigen vaccine for humans, Dr. Lipkin and his colleagues plan to identify shared neoantigens that occur in the early-stage colorectal tumors of people with Lynch syndrome.

• #2 Can a vaccine help prevent Lynch syndrome-related cancers? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/can-a-vaccine-help-prevent-lynch-syndrome-related-cancers.h00-159538956.html

  We want to immunize patients who are cancer-free with those shared foreign mutated proteins so that the immune system will be prepared if a patient develops a tumor to reject it, Vilar-Sanchez says. […] The preventive clinical trials goal is to offer patients with Lynch syndrome an easier approach to managing cancer risks. […] We hope this vaccine can serve as interception, and, if the results show it works, patients will be able to space out their surveillance more and more, Vilar-Sanchez says. […] By reducing the burden for patients, he hopes for an uptick in compliance.

• #2 Cancer researchers test preventive vaccine for people with Lynch Syndrome | Cancer Center

  https://cancercenter.arizona.edu/news/2023/08/cancer-researchers-test-preventive-vaccine-people-lynch-syndrome

  More than 1.2 million people in the U.S. have an increased risk of developing colon and other cancers due to an inherited genetic disorder, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, or Lynch syndrome. […] Today, a collaborative team of researchers is testing if a vaccination could prevent people with Lynch syndrome from developing colon polyps or tumors. […] Prevention with vaccines is a highly attractive approach because they potentially target transformed cells and could provide life-long protection, Chow said. […] According to Scott, Lynch Syndrome study researchers are testing a preventive vaccine series that uses a combination of three vaccines, called Tri-Ad5, combined with a protein, N-803, that boost the bodys own immune system to prevent polyps and cancers. […] According to Melson, since Lynch Syndrome patients are at an increased risk for cancer in multiple organs, this intervention study offers a potential way to prevent cancer development in those multiple susceptible organs.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome Cancer Prevention Vaccine: What is the Latest?  | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2025/03/lynch-syndrome-cancer-prevention-vaccine-latest-updates/

  To defend against cancer, these patients currently have only screening or cancer prevention approaches that require taking medicines intended to lower the risk. This approach of using the bodys own defenses to lower the risk of cancer is different. […] This is the biggest vaccine prevention trial weve ever had in Lynch syndrome in North America, says Lim. We are really eager to learn if we can shift the paradigm in terms of what we can do for cancer prevention. […] The trial is designed to fit seamlessly into the normal annual colon cancer screening schedule that people with Lynch syndrome are suggested to follow. […] The researchers will use results from the colonoscopy screening to determine if the group receiving the vaccine developed cancer less frequently than the group that received the placebo.

• #2 Developing the first cancer prevention vaccine for Lynch syndrome — Nuffield Department of Medicine

  https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/news/developing-the-first-cancer-prevention-vaccine-for-lynch-syndrome

  LynchVax has the potential to reduce that risk. While our work is in its infancy, we are excited by the prospect of a vaccine that can potentially be used to prevent the multiple types of cancer that typically occur in people with Lynch syndrome and deliver tangible improvements in survival. […] As passionate advocates for involving people with lived experience in research, we fully endorse the plans to reach out to the wider Lynch syndrome community to gather their views on a cancer-preventing vaccine. This is a crucial step in preparing for future clinical trials.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lynch-syndrome-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment-4690875

  A healthy lifestyle is at the core of disease prevention, cancer included. This means refraining from recreational drugs, smoking, and excessive alcohol intake. It also means getting plenty of physical exercise, and maintaining a healthy diet. […] The syndrome itself cannot be treated or prevented. However, living a healthy lifestyle and being screened for cancer regularly can help reduce cancer risk.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome: From Carcinogenesis to Prevention Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9454739/

  A positive effect of the physical activity in reducing cancer risk can be derived from many studies. […] Recent data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry have confirmed a potential beneficial effect of exercise intervention and reduced cancer risk in LS patients, but apparently only with a more intense activity compared to the standard recommendations. […] The potential role of resistant starch in reducing the risk of extracolonic cancer in LS patients has been reported.

• #2 Opinion: For Those With Lynch Syndrome, Exercise May Be A Useful Defense Against Colorectal Cancer

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/opinion-for-those-with-lynch-syndrome-exercise-may-be-a-useful-defense-against-colorectal-cancer

  A structured exercise program may aid in preventing colorectal cancer in patients with Lynch syndrome. […] According to the findings of the prospective, non-randomized, single-site controlled CYCLE-P study (NCT03495674), as published in Clinical Cancer Research, patients with Lynch syndrome who engaged in a 12-month aerobic exercise cycling intervention experienced notable changes. […] Nurses can inform their patients that this research showcased an improvement in the cardiovascular fitness of patients with Lynch syndrome following a one-year cycling intervention, as evidenced by elevated VO2peak levels. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory markers and an increase in cells that promote the activation of the immune system. These findings collectively suggest that exercise may play a role in cancer prevention by stimulating adaptive antitumor immunity.

• #2 Opinion: For Those With Lynch Syndrome, Exercise May Be A Useful Defense Against Colorectal Cancer

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/opinion-for-those-with-lynch-syndrome-exercise-may-be-a-useful-defense-against-colorectal-cancer

  The findings of this study emphasize the need to educate and support patients with Lynch syndrome in adopting and maintaining a regular exercise regimen. Beyond the physical benefits, exercise can provide patients with a sense of control and empowerment over their health, fostering a proactive mindset in the face of a challenging diagnosis.

• #2 Cancer Prevention Strategies for Lynch Syndrome Mutations

  https://www.geneticlifehacks.com/cancer-prevention-strategies-for-lynch-syndrome-mutations/

  Hormonal contraceptives: A study published in JAMA found that women with Lynch syndrome mutations who had used hormonal contraceptives for more than 1 year had a 50% reduction in the risk for endometrial cancer. […] Dont smoke! and avoid drinking a lot of alcohol: Cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of cancer in people who carry Lynch syndrome mutations. […] What not to eat: For colon cancer in Lynch syndrome patients, studies show that what you normally eat does matter. […] Melatonin, good sleep, and blocking blue light at night: Many studies link melatonin to cancer prevention both as a free radical scavenger and through its impact on circadian rhythm. […] Avoiding carcinogens: Avoiding carcinogens is a good idea for everyone, but it can be especially important for people with Lynch syndrome mutations.

• #2 Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (Lynch Syndrome) Treatment & Management: Surgical Care, Postoperative Surveillance, Prophylactic Colectomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/188613-treatment

  National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend that such risk-reducing gynecologic surgery may be considered starting at age 40 years in women with MLH1 Lynch syndrome, in view of their higher risks of early endometrial and ovarian cancer. […] Joint European guidelines recommend prophylactic aspirin for carriers of pathogenic MMR gene variants. […] The minimum dosage should be 75-100 mg daily; people with above-average body mass should take a higher dose. […] As with cancers in the general population, risk of cancer in HNPCC can be reduced by attention to the following lifestyle factors: Smoking cessation, Weight loss, if overweight or obese, Physical activity.

• #2 Vitamin D and lifestyle, large bowel cancer development and Lynch syndrome | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/research-policy/our-research/grants-database/vitamin-d-lifestyle-bowel-cancer-lynch-syndrome/

  People with Lynch syndrome have an increased risk of developing large bowel cancer and it is thought that vitamin D may play a role. […] In our World Cancer Research Fund project we will evaluate different forms of vitamin D in the development of colorectal neoplasms in people with Lynch syndrome. […] More insight into the role of lifestyle factors, such as vitamin D, in the development of colorectal neoplasms may lead to intervention studies and, ultimately, prevention programmes or specific recommendations for these people with an inherited high risk of cancer. […] Our main prediction is that higher vitamin D concentrations are associated with a decreased large bowel tumour risk in people with LS. […] We will analyse this database to determine whether the different forms of vitamin D are related to the risk of large bowel tumours. […] More insight into the role of lifestyle factors, such as vitamin D, in the development of large bowel tumours may lead to intervention studies and, ultimately, prevention programmes or specific recommendations for these people with an inherited high risk of large bowel cancer.

• #2

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/genetics-and-risk/lynch-syndrome

  Once you have been diagnosed with Lynch syndrome it is important to develop a surveillance plan. This outlines the routine tests you should have, identifying what these tests are and how often they should be performed. […] The key thing is that you have a medical professional help you understand how best to protect yourself and make an appropriate plan for organising referrals and appointments, keeping track of your progress through surveillance. […] The surveillance plan for most families will follow the standard National guidelines. In Australia, the current guidelines recommend two specific things: Annual colonoscopy is recommended from age 25 (MLH1 or MSH2 gene variant) or age 30 (MSH6 or PMS2 gene variant), or 5 years younger than youngest colorectal cancer affected relative. […] Prophylactic total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) to be considered after childbearing is complete or by 40 years of age for those with MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6 gene carriage.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome Center | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/treatment/cancer-genetics/syndromes-genes-programs/lynch-syndrome

  Lynch syndrome is a common and often under-diagnosed inherited condition that increases one’s risk for a variety of cancers, including colon, rectal, uterine, ovarian, urinary tract, and other malignancies. […] The Center’s mission is to provide personalized and comprehensive care for families with Lynch syndrome, supported by world-class research and state-of-the-art diagnostics. […] Our specialists help manage the comprehensive care of individuals and families with Lynch syndrome by providing genetic testing for individuals at risk for Lynch syndrome, creating personalized screening plans aimed at preventing Lynch syndrome-related cancers, and coordinating care with experts in surgery, gastroenterology, dermatology, and oncology. […] Scientific knowledge about Lynch syndrome cancer risk and prevention strategies is constantly evolving.

• #2

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/genetics-and-risk/lynch-syndrome

  In developing your surveillance plan, your clinician will consider your specific gene change and your family’s history of cancer and may include additional tests or preventative measures that are important to address your personal risk profile. […] There is strong evidence that aspirin prevents colorectal and other Lynch Syndrome cancers. Aspirin chemoprevention is advised from the commencement of colonoscopic surveillance.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome Center | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/treatment/cancer-genetics/syndromes-genes-programs/lynch-syndrome

  We ensure that our patients’ personalized management plans are up-to-date with cutting-edge research and state-of-the-art national guidelines. […] Genetic counseling and testing are recommended for individuals who may be at risk for Lynch syndrome. […] During these visits, a comprehensive analysis of your own history and your family’s history of cancer will be performed to help understand your own cancer risk and devise future cancer screening and prevention strategies. […] If you are found to have Lynch syndrome, you will receive ongoing follow-up from our care team, including regular cancer screenings such as colonoscopies. […] We offer comprehensive clinical care for our patients, acting as your advocate. […] Our experienced clinicians will collaborate with your primary care provider, gastroenterologist, gynecologist, and other health care providers to ensure that you are getting all the cancer screening procedures you need in a timely manner. […] Our scheduling staff and Lynch syndrome nursing experts can help coordinate your multidisciplinary referrals and follow-up appointments, based on your personalized management plan.

• #2 Understanding Lynch Syndrome and Associated Cancer Risk: Future Preventive Considerations

  https://www.onclive.com/view/understanding-lynch-syndrome-and-associated-cancer-risk-future-preventive-considerations

  Germline genetic testing should be considered in all colon cancer cases; this would not miss any Lynch syndrome carrier. […] Identifying all Lynch syndrome carriers with colon cancer allows us to also target the at-risk family members, which is done through cascade testing. […] If they’re identified [to have] Lynch syndrome, we can then pursue screening and prevention strategies; these are our pre-vivors that we aim to keep cancer free. […] The Office of Public Health Genomics of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention have currently identified Lynch syndrome, as well as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, as tier 1 conditions that are eligible for population-based genetic testing in the future. […] In summary, many advances have been made for the identification, management, and the treatment of Lynch syndrome. Additional work will continue to optimize cancer prevention and potential cure for Lynch syndrome.

• #2

  https://www.facingourrisk.org/lynch-syndrome-resource

  Lynch syndrome is an inherited condition that increases the risk for colorectal, endometrial and several other types of cancers and causes these cancers to run in families. […] Following the guidelines for screening and prevention in people with Lynch syndrome increase the chances of preventing cancer or catching it at its earliest and most treatable stage. […] Cancer risks and management guidelines are different for each Lynch syndrome gene. It’s important to know which Lynch syndrome gene mutation you have. […] Speaking with a genetics expert can help ensure that you receive the most accurate and up-to-date information about options for managing your cancer risk. […] Genetic testing is the only way to know if you have Lynch syndrome. […] Most private health insurers cover genetic counseling and testing for Lynch syndrome with low or no out-of-pocket costs for people who have a personal history or a family history of cancer that meets certain criteria. […] Some Lynch syndrome cancers are more likely to respond to treatment with immunotherapy.

• #2 Impact of population screening for Lynch syndrome insights from the All of Us data | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52562-5

  Lynch Syndrome (LS) is a common genetic cancer condition that allows for personalized cancer prevention and early cancer detection in identified gene carriers. […] The results suggest that population-based germline testing for LS may identify up to 63.2% of carriers who might remain undetected due to lack of personal or family cancer history. […] A diagnosis of LS is often made at the time of a cancer diagnosis, where universal screening for LS is recommended with either tumor testing of the cancer for MMR deficiency or through germline genetic testing. […] However, implementing cascade testing presents challenges with uptake as low as 20-40% in eligible family members. […] Population screening for LS, regardless of personal or family cancer history, offers a promising approach for the prevention and/or early detection of multiple cancers through intensive screening and the implementation of risk-reducing strategies, including prophylactic surgeries, chemoprevention, and the prospect of immunoprevention with vaccine trials currently underway.

• #2 Modifiable risk factors for cancer among people with lynch syndrome: an international, cross-sectional survey | Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice | Full Text

  https://hccpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13053-024-00280-w

  This study demonstrates trends in chemoprevention and surveillance that differ between regions. […] We have described female-specific risk factors for endometrial cancer in LS patients. […] This context provides opportunities to raise awareness of the role of lifestyle modifications in LS and other high penetrance cancer predisposition syndromes, potentially contributing to cancer prevention in high-risk groups. […] Given that the median adherence score to recommendations is 2.5 out of 7, there is substantial scope for interventions that encourage behavioural change as a means of cancer prevention. […] As actionable evidence emerges in the coming years regarding modifiable risk factors in LS, strong guideline recommendations will be needed to influence clinical practice.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome: From Multidisciplinary Management to Precision Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/5/849

  These findings have paved the way for the development of cancer vaccines in both prevention and interception settings. […] In this regard, the CAPP-2 (Cancer Prevention Program 2) is the only completed clinical trial on chemoprevention in LS patients, which aims to investigate the antineoplastic effects of aspirin (at 600 mg/day) and resistant starch in LS carriers. […] Despite adverse events remaining the main obstacle in the use of aspirin for primary prevention, these results confirm its effectiveness and good tolerance. […] Preventive pharmacological measures are expected to be introduced soon, and there are preliminary and promising developments in the uses of immunotherapy and anti-cancer vaccines in the treatment of these highly immunogenic tumors associated with LS.

• #2 Lynch Syndrome: Reducing the Risk of Cancer with Genetic Precision

  https://www.nyp.org/newsletters/prof-adv/gastro/lynch-syndrome-reducing-the-risk-of-cancer-with-genetic-precision

  The current goal of gastrointestinal genetic specialists is to increase awareness and genetic testing among at-risk first-degree relatives, as well as extended family, as the gene associated with Lynch syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern from one generation to the next. […] What we are doing now is looking at the whole patient. This includes ways to help patients maintain compliance with stringent surveillance strategies to achieve an equivalent lifespan to those who do not have Lynch syndrome and other hereditary cancer syndromes. […] The availability of this combined approach has been shared with gynecologists beyond NewYork-Presbyterian, who have readily referred their patients, recognizing that the service provides a heightened level of care that they can offer to this unique patient population. […] The vaccine would allow the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells with mutations common in Lynch syndrome before a tumor has a chance to grow and spread.

• #3 Lynch Syndrome: From Multidisciplinary Management to Precision Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/5/849

  Lynch syndrome (LS) stands as the predominant inherited cancer condition at present. […] Effective preventive strategies for interrupting the biological sequence of cancer development are yet to be established. Recent findings from randomized controlled trials indicate potential preventive functions of resistant starch and/or aspirin in Lynch syndrome. […] Vaccination with immunogenic frameshift peptides appears to be a promising approach for both the treatment and prevention of LS-associated cancers, as evidenced by pre-clinical and preliminary phase 1/2a studies. […] Although robust diagnostic algorithms, including prompt testing of tumor tissue for MMR defects and referral for genetic counselling, currently exist for suspected LS in CRC patients, the indications for LS screening in cancer-free individuals still need to be refined and standardized.

• #3 Cancer Prevention Strategies for Lynch Syndrome Mutations

  https://www.geneticlifehacks.com/cancer-prevention-strategies-for-lynch-syndrome-mutations/

  Hormonal contraceptives: A study published in JAMA found that women with Lynch syndrome mutations who had used hormonal contraceptives for more than 1 year had a 50% reduction in the risk for endometrial cancer. […] Dont smoke! and avoid drinking a lot of alcohol: Cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of cancer in people who carry Lynch syndrome mutations. […] What not to eat: For colon cancer in Lynch syndrome patients, studies show that what you normally eat does matter. […] Melatonin, good sleep, and blocking blue light at night: Many studies link melatonin to cancer prevention both as a free radical scavenger and through its impact on circadian rhythm. […] Avoiding carcinogens: Avoiding carcinogens is a good idea for everyone, but it can be especially important for people with Lynch syndrome mutations.

• #3 Understanding Lynch Syndrome and Associated Cancer Risk: Future Preventive Considerations

  https://www.onclive.com/view/understanding-lynch-syndrome-and-associated-cancer-risk-future-preventive-considerations

  Germline genetic testing should be considered in all colon cancer cases; this would not miss any Lynch syndrome carrier. […] Identifying all Lynch syndrome carriers with colon cancer allows us to also target the at-risk family members, which is done through cascade testing. […] If they’re identified [to have] Lynch syndrome, we can then pursue screening and prevention strategies; these are our pre-vivors that we aim to keep cancer free. […] The Office of Public Health Genomics of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention have currently identified Lynch syndrome, as well as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, as tier 1 conditions that are eligible for population-based genetic testing in the future. […] In summary, many advances have been made for the identification, management, and the treatment of Lynch syndrome. Additional work will continue to optimize cancer prevention and potential cure for Lynch syndrome.

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