Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Supraventricular tachycardia // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is caused by faulty signaling in the heart. Electrical signals in the heart control the heartbeat. […] In SVT, a change in heart signaling causes the heartbeat to start too early in the heart’s upper chambers. When this happens, the heartbeat speeds up. The heart can’t fill with blood properly. Symptoms such as lightheadedness or dizziness can occur.

• #2 Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964177/

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common cause of hospital admissions and can cause significant patient discomfort and distress. […] The most common SVTs include atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia and atrial tachycardia. […] In many cases, the underlying mechanism can be deduced from electrocardiography during tachycardia, comparing it with sinus rhythm, and assessing the onset and offset of tachycardia. […] Long-term treatment is dependent on several factors including frequency of symptoms, risk stratification, and patient preference. […] Management can range from conservative, if symptoms are rare and the patient is low risk, to catheter ablation which is curative in the majority of patients. […] Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a heterogeneous group of arrhythmias used to describe tachycardias that involve cardiac tissue at the level of the bundle of His or above.

• #3 Supraventricular tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an umbrella term for fast heart rhythms arising from the upper part of the heart. […] These abnormal rhythms start from either the atria or atrioventricular node. They are generally due to one of two mechanisms: re-entry or increased automaticity. […] A congenital heart lesion, Ebstein’s anomaly, is most commonly associated with supraventricular tachycardia.

• #4 Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964177/

  The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1000 persons with a female predominance of 2:1 across all age groups. […] SVT increases patient morbidity, particularly when symptoms are frequent or incessant, and in a small cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular pre-excitation, it can be life-threatening. […] In the absence of left or right bundle branch block, SVTs are often referred to as narrow complex tachycardias with the most common SVTs being atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) and atrial tachycardia (AT). […] AVNRT is the most common SVT in the general population and accounts for over 60% of patients undergoing invasive cardiac electrophysiology study. […] It is facilitated by the presence of two functionally distinct electrophysiological tracts of differing conduction velocities and refractory periods within the AV node: a fast pathway and a slow pathway.

• #5 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  Supraventricular tachycardia refers to rapid rhythms that originate and are sustained in atrial or atrioventricular node tissue above the bundle of His. The condition is caused by reentry phenomena or automaticity at or above the atrioventricular node, and includes atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, and atrial tachycardia. […] Most persons with these tachyarrhythmias have structurally normal hearts. […] Although atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and multi-focal atrial tachycardia also arise from this area, in practice, SVT refers to atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT), and atrial tachycardia. […] These arrhythmias typically occur in patients with structurally normal hearts, although patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or a cardiac congenital anomaly may have accessory pathways.

• #6 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html

  The most common types of supraventricular tachycardia are caused by a reentry phenomenon producing accelerated heart rates. […] It is unusual for supraventricular tachycardia to be caused by structurally abnormal hearts. […] AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. Less commonly, increased automaticity or triggered activity can be the mechanism and usually results in a narrow complex tachycardia. […] The most common type of SVT is AVNRT. Most patients with AVNRT do not have structural heart disease; the group most often affected is young, healthy women. However, some patients do have underlying heart disease, such as pericarditis, previous myocardial infarction, or mitral valve prolapse. […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. Patients with this arrhythmia typically present at a younger age than those with AVNRT. This SVT is caused by accessory pathways (or bypass tracts) that serve as aberrant conduits for impulses that pass from the sinoatrial node and travel in an antegrade or retrograde fashion through such tracts, establishing a reentry circuit.

• #7 Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964177/

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common cause of hospital admissions and can cause significant patient discomfort and distress. […] The most common SVTs include atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia and atrial tachycardia. […] In many cases, the underlying mechanism can be deduced from electrocardiography during tachycardia, comparing it with sinus rhythm, and assessing the onset and offset of tachycardia. […] Long-term treatment is dependent on several factors including frequency of symptoms, risk stratification, and patient preference. […] Management can range from conservative, if symptoms are rare and the patient is low risk, to catheter ablation which is curative in the majority of patients. […] Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a heterogeneous group of arrhythmias used to describe tachycardias that involve cardiac tissue at the level of the bundle of His or above.

• #8 Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964177/

  The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1000 persons with a female predominance of 2:1 across all age groups. […] SVT increases patient morbidity, particularly when symptoms are frequent or incessant, and in a small cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular pre-excitation, it can be life-threatening. […] In the absence of left or right bundle branch block, SVTs are often referred to as narrow complex tachycardias with the most common SVTs being atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) and atrial tachycardia (AT). […] AVNRT is the most common SVT in the general population and accounts for over 60% of patients undergoing invasive cardiac electrophysiology study. […] It is facilitated by the presence of two functionally distinct electrophysiological tracts of differing conduction velocities and refractory periods within the AV node: a fast pathway and a slow pathway.

• #9 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  The incidence of AVNRT in women is twice that in men. It is correlated with lower estrogen levels and higher progesterone levels, and is therefore more common during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and less common during pregnancy. […] AVNRT involves a pattern of reentry in persons who have two pathways in their atrioventricular (AV) node, one slow and one fast. […] These pathways create a continuous and self-propagating circuit with a rapid and regular ventricular response. […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. There is a progressive decline in the proportion of SVT caused by AVRT as age increases, from 60% in the first decade of life to 9% after 70 years of age. […] Patients with AVRT have a bypass pathway that bridges the atrium and ventricle, creating an accessory track that can conduct impulses in an anterograde or retrograde manner and establish a reentry circuit.

• #10 Supraventricular Tachycardias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/supraventricular-tachycardia-in-adults

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) generally refers to atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia (AVRT) and atrial tachycardia. It does not usually include atrial fibrillation. […] SVT is caused by: Abnormalities of impulse conduction (re-entrant tachycardias). […] Disorders of impulse initiation (automatic tachycardias) causing a narrow complex tachycardia. […] Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT): Due to the presence of two functionally and anatomically distinct conducting pathways in the atrioventricular node, one of which is fast-conducting, the other slow-conducting. […] Atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT): Due to the presence of an accessory bypass pathway that bridges the normal insulation between the atria and ventricles.

• #11 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  The incidence of AVNRT in women is twice that in men. It is correlated with lower estrogen levels and higher progesterone levels, and is therefore more common during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and less common during pregnancy. […] AVNRT involves a pattern of reentry in persons who have two pathways in their atrioventricular (AV) node, one slow and one fast. […] These pathways create a continuous and self-propagating circuit with a rapid and regular ventricular response. […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. There is a progressive decline in the proportion of SVT caused by AVRT as age increases, from 60% in the first decade of life to 9% after 70 years of age. […] Patients with AVRT have a bypass pathway that bridges the atrium and ventricle, creating an accessory track that can conduct impulses in an anterograde or retrograde manner and establish a reentry circuit.

• #12 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  AVRT results from the presence of 2 or more conducting pathways; specifically, the AV node and 1 or more bypass tracts. In a normal heart, only a single route of conduction is present. Conduction begins at the sinus node, progresses to the AV node, and then to the bundle of His and the bundle branches. However, in AVRT, 1 or more accessory pathways connect the atria and the ventricles. The accessory pathways may conduct impulses in an anterograde manner, a retrograde manner, or both. […] Junctional ectopic tachycardia and nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia are rare; they presumably arise because of increased automaticity, triggered activity, or both. They are usually observed following valvular surgery, after myocardial infarction, during active rheumatic carditis, or with digoxin toxicity.

• #13 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html

  The third most common type of SVT is AT (approximately 10 percent); it originates from a single atrial focus. This SVT, if focal, usually has a definitive localized origin, such as adjacent to the crista terminalis in the right atrium or the ostia of the pulmonary veins in the left atrium. Another form, multifocal AT, often occurs in patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• #14 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  In contrast to AVNRT and AVRT, atrial tachycardia does not involve reentry through the AV node or ventricle. It is caused by a focal area of automaticity in the atrium. […] Atrial tissue adjacent to the crista terminalis in the right atrium or the ostia of the pulmonary veins in the left atrium is particularly susceptible to the development of automaticity.

• #15 Supraventricular tachycardia | Great Ormond Street Hospital

  https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/supraventricular-tachycardia/

  Atrial tachycardia the impulse starts in a small area of abnormal tissue within the atria and causes the heart to beat much faster than usual. […] Atrial flutter the impulse travels around the atria in a circular pattern causing the heart to beat faster than usual. […] Junctional tachycardia the abnormal impulse starts from the AV node between the atria and ventricles. This type is more common following heart surgery.

• #16 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  AVRT results from the presence of 2 or more conducting pathways; specifically, the AV node and 1 or more bypass tracts. In a normal heart, only a single route of conduction is present. Conduction begins at the sinus node, progresses to the AV node, and then to the bundle of His and the bundle branches. However, in AVRT, 1 or more accessory pathways connect the atria and the ventricles. The accessory pathways may conduct impulses in an anterograde manner, a retrograde manner, or both. […] Junctional ectopic tachycardia and nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia are rare; they presumably arise because of increased automaticity, triggered activity, or both. They are usually observed following valvular surgery, after myocardial infarction, during active rheumatic carditis, or with digoxin toxicity.

• #17 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/supraventricular-tachycardia

  SVT can be congenital, which means a child is born with it. Or it can develop later in life. Sometimes it happens because of other heart conditions. […] Supraventricular tachycardia usually affects infants, young kids, and teens.

• #18 Supraventricular Tachycardia – Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://en.taylanakgun.com/what-is-supraventricular-tachycardia-svt

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a arrhythmia that causes the heart to beat unusually fast. It starts in the upper chambers of the heart. […] Stress, excessive caffeine intake, and fatigue are common triggers for SVT episodes. […] The condition often arises due to the presence of an extra electrical pathway in the heart, overactive regions within the atria, or reentry circuits in the hearts conduction system. SVT may be triggered by stress, excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption, or certain medications. It can also occur without identifiable triggers. Structural heart diseases (e.g., valvular heart disease) and congenital electrical abnormalities, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or Long QT Syndrome, may also lead to SVT. […] The primary causes of SVT include congenital heart defects or structural abnormalities in the heart resulting from prior heart attacks. These anomalies disrupt the hearts normal electrical pathways, leading to rapid palpitations. Additionally, conditions like cardiomyopathy, which affect the heart muscle, can further increase the risk of SVT.

• #19 Supraventricular tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an umbrella term for fast heart rhythms arising from the upper part of the heart. […] These abnormal rhythms start from either the atria or atrioventricular node. They are generally due to one of two mechanisms: re-entry or increased automaticity. […] A congenital heart lesion, Ebstein’s anomaly, is most commonly associated with supraventricular tachycardia.

• #20

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ps1684

  Most episodes of SVT are caused by faulty electrical connections in the heart. […] Some types of SVT may run in families, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. […] SVT also can be caused by certain health problems, heart and lung medicines, or surgery.

• #21 Supraventricular Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441972/

  Supraventricular tachycardia refers to a group of rapid heart rhythm disorders originating at or above the atrioventricular node. […] In individuals prone to supraventricular tachycardia, certain factors can trigger episodes, including medications, such as -agonists for asthma; stimulants; caffeine; alcohol; and physical or emotional stress. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has an incidence of 35 per 10,000 person-years, or 2.29 per 1000 individuals, making it the most common tachyarrhythmia among young adults. […] Children with congenital heart diseases, such as the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, are at higher risk for atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. […] In children younger than 12, an accessory atrioventricular pathway causing reentrant tachycardia is the most prevalent cause of supraventricular tachycardia. […] The differential diagnosis includes sinus and ventricular tachycardia, which can be mistaken for supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction.

• #22 Supraventricular Tachycardia SVT

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/supraventricular_tachycardia_svt/

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is common in infancy and childhood. Most SVT in children is due to a re-entrant mechanism and usually occurs in otherwise normally well children […] Greater than a third of new onset SVT occurs in the first few weeks of life, commonly presenting after many hours with signs of heart failure […] SVT is an abnormally fast heart rate originating from above the ventricles […] Younger children: usually caused by atrioventricular re-entry (AVRT), including Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome […] Adolescents: more commonly caused by atrioventricular nodal re-entry (AVNRT) […] Other causes: include sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, ectopic atrial tachycardia and junctional ectopic tachycardia […] Factors that may contribute to tachycardia (eg sepsis, pain, dehydration, anxiety, and fever) should also be considered and addressed when managing a patient presenting with a tachyarrhythmia.

• #23 Supraventricular Tachycardia: Possible Triggers to Avoid

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/triggers-supraventricular-tachycardia

  Sometimes, doctors don’t know what sets off the racing, thumping heartbeat caused by supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] What they do know for certain: It starts in the upper chambers of your heart with electrical signals that tell it when to pump. These impulses go in a loop instead of heading off to the right place. This causes your heartbeat to speed up — sometimes to three times its normal pace. […] Here are some common things that trigger the condition: […] Certain medications have been known to trigger the pounding heart rhythm of SVT. […] If you are worn out or anxious, you may be more likely to have a bout of SVT. […] Cigarettes may be a trigger, although scientists aren’t absolutely sure. […] If you’ve had heart surgery, you may be left with scars that increase the chances you may get SVT. […] Working out too hard can sometimes be a trigger.

• #24 Supraventricular Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://blog.fourthfrontier.com/understanding-supraventricular-tachycardia-svt-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is a condition where the heart beats abnormally fast due to irregular electrical signals. […] SVT is typically triggered by abnormal electrical signals in the heart, often starting with premature beats. Some forms of SVT are hereditary, while others may result from lung conditions, certain lifestyle factors, or underlying health issues. Some common triggers include: High stress or anxiety levels, Drinking too much caffeine or alcohol, Smoking, Poor sleep habits, Dehydration, Intense physical activity. […] While SVT can happen to anyone, certain factors can make it more likely: Regular consumption of caffeine or alcohol, Smoking or using recreational drugs, Underlying conditions like heart disease, lung issues, or thyroid disorders, Diabetes, Pregnancy.

• #25 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22152-svt-supraventricular-tachycardia

  SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) is a common kind of arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm). […] A problem with your hearts electrical signals or circuitry causes SVT. Some people may not be aware of what brings their symptoms on. Others have a clear trigger that starts their SVT. Supraventricular tachycardia causes that can bring about symptoms include: Stress. Caffeine. Alcohol-containing beverages. Cigarette smoke. Physical activity. A shortage of sleep. Dehydration. […] Risk factors for SVT include: Being female. Having anxiety. Drinking more alcohol-containing beverages than the suggested limit. Using tobacco products. Drinking more caffeine-containing beverages than the suggested limit. Doing hard physical training. Having lung disease, heart issues, thyroid disease or diabetes. Being pregnant.

• #26 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Types, Causes, & Risk Factors

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/what-is-supraventricular-tachycardia

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is usually caused by things you can’t control, such as a medical condition or previous surgery. Sometimes, an episode is triggered by stress, exercise, or lack of sleep, though it usually happens without any obvious reason. […] Health conditions that can cause your heart to race include: Lung disease, Thyroid disease, Heart failure or other heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. […] „Congenital” means something that you’re born with. Some people are born with an extra electrical pathway or abnormal electrical circuits in their heart that can cause arrhythmias like SVT. […] If you’ve had heart surgery, scar tissue can change how electrical signals pass through your heart. […] Your heart is more likely to race when you: Are under a lot of stress, Have anxiety, Drink a lot of caffeine and alcohol, Smoke or use tobacco, Abuse drugs like cocaine or methamphetamine, also called crystal meth, Are pregnant.

• #27 What are SVT triggers? | London Heart Clinic

  https://theheartclinic.london/patient-hub/video/what-are-svt-triggers/

  What causes supraventricular tachycardia SVT? […] Dr Syed Ahsan describes the three main types of SVT and their causes in our video. The first is atrial tachycardia, caused by a focus firing off at the top of your heart. The second is atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT), caused by extra wiring between the top and bottom of your heart. The third is atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), caused by extra wiring within the pacemaker of your heart. […] Dr Syed Ahsan lists the common supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) triggers: a stressful situation, tea, coffee or too much alcohol. Other triggers include a lack of sleep, taking specific medications for asthma, colds and allergies, and drug misuse. A change in posture can also trigger SVT. However, most people with SVT have no set trigger, making it hard to diagnose.

• #28 Tachycardia: Fast Heart Rate | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia/tachycardia–fast-heart-rate

  SVT is a fast heart rate, greater than 100 beats per minute or more, which starts in the atria, the upper chambers of the heart. The electrical signals occur abnormally and speed up the heart rate. The rapidly beating heart prevents the heart chambers from filling completely between contractions (beats), which may compromise blood flow to the body. […] Issues that may cause an SVT episode include: Age, Anemia, Heart disease, Dehydration, Coronary artery disease; having had cardiac surgery or other heart problems, Congenital heart disease, Other heart conditions, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Chronic lung disease, Excessive caffeine intake, Excessive alcohol intake, Smoking or other tobacco products, drug misuse, including cocaine and methamphetamines, Pregnancy, Menopause, High blood pressure, Certain over-the-counter medications, including those for asthma, colds and allergies.

• #29 SVT: Supraventricular Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/svt-supraventricular-tachycardia/

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a rapid heart rhythm that originates from a short circuit in the upper heart chamber. […] Various conditions can lead to the electrophysiologic abnormalities that cause SVT, including the following: heart disease; heart failure; chronic lung disease; excessive caffeine intake; excessive alcohol intake; stimulant drug use; pregnancy; smoking; thyroid disease; and certain medications, including asthma treatments and cold or allergy medications. […] Conditions that increase the risk of developing SVT include coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and previous heart surgery. […] Patients with other medical conditions are more likely to experience SVT complications. […] Those with frequent episodes of untreated SVT are at an increased risk of developing heart failure.

• #30 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22232-paroxysmal-supraventricular-tachycardia-psvt

  Like other types of arrhythmias, PSVT can be inherited (passed down through families). It can also develop as a result of: Age, Anemia, Dehydration and fatigue, Ingesting drinks and foods that contain caffeine, Drugs such as nasal decongestants containing pseudoephedrine, Excessive alcohol, Heart attack or damage from a previous heart attack or heart surgery, Heart disease, including coronary artery disease (CAD), High blood pressure (hypertension), High stress levels and high anxiety levels, Hormonal changes, such as those that happen during menopause or pregnancy, Obesity and carrying extra weight, Smoking and using tobacco products, Structural heart problems, including heart valve disease, Thyroid problems, including hyperthyroidism.

• #31 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/supraventricular_tachycardia/article_em.htm

  Supraventricular tachycardia is a rapid heart rate (tachycardia, or a heart rate above 100 beats per minute) that is caused by electrical impulses that originate above the heart’s ventricles. […] Paroxysmal (also termed sporadic) supraventricular tachycardia usually occurs without other symptoms. However, it may be associated with a number of medical conditions, such as the following: Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), Heart failure, Thyroid disease, Chronic lung disease, Pneumonia, Pulmonary emboli, or blood clots migrating into the lung arteries from elsewhere in the body, Pericarditis, Certain drugs and social habits, Cocaine abuse, Alcohol abuse, Smoking, Drinking too much caffeine in coffee, tea, or soft drinks, Emotional stress, Pregnancy, Structural abnormalities, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, in which extra electrical tissue sets up abnormal electrical circuits that predispose the heart to arrhythmias which include PSVT, Afib, AF, and ventricular fibrillation. […] In some cases, the cause of PSVT is unknown. PSVT is the most common arrhythmia in infants, children, and women who are pregnant.

• #32 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  SVT and paroxysmal SVT are triggered by a reentry mechanism. This may be induced by premature atrial or ventricular ectopic beats. Other triggers include hyperthyroidism and stimulants, including caffeine, drugs, and alcohol. […] Paroxysmal SVT is observed not only in healthy individuals; it is also common in patients with previous myocardial infarction, mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, pericarditis, pneumonia, chronic lung disease, and current alcohol intoxication. […] Digoxin toxicity also may be associated with paroxysmal SVT. […] AVNRT may occur in healthy, young individuals, and it occurs most commonly in women. Most patients do not have structural heart disease. However, occasionally these individuals may have an underlying heart condition such as rheumatic heart disease, pericarditis, myocardial infarction, mitral valve prolapse, or preexcitation syndrome.

• #33 Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) – EMCrit Project

  https://emcrit.org/ibcc/svt/

  causes of supraventricular tachycardia: Common: Sinus tachycardia. Atrial fibrillation (AFib) or Atrial Flutter (AFlutter). AVNRT (AV non-reentrant tachycardia). […] Less common: MAT (multifocal atrial tachycardia). FAT (focal atrial tachycardia). AVRT (AV reentrant tachycardia). […] Causes of heart rate 220 b/m: [a] AV node is jazzed up: Catecholamine surge. Sympathomimetic toxicity. Hyperthyroidism or thyroid storm. […] [b] Accessory pathway (e.g., AF+WPW). […] [c] Ventricular tachycardia. […] Causes of FAT include: Digoxin toxicity. Hypokalemia. Cocaine, caffeine, or alcohol. Congenital heart disease. Ischemic heart disease. […] Junctional tachycardia may occur due to toxic/metabolic causes: Digoxin toxicity. Exogenous catecholamines or theophylline. Electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., hyperkalemia).

• #34 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) | Heart Care & Cardiology | Bon Secours

  https://www.bonsecours.com/health-care-services/heart-care-cardiology/conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a term to describe a variety of heart rhythm disorders that start in the ventricles of the atria, causing an abnormally fast heart rate. […] A variety of factors can cause supraventricular tachycardia. The most common triggers are psychological stress, lack of sleep, or physical activity. […] In some cases, triggers such as psychological stress, lack of sleep, or physical activity can cause a supraventricular tachycardia. In other cases, there is not a noticeable trigger. […] Conditions or factors that may lead to a supraventricular tachycardia include: Heart disease or heart failure, Smoking, Long-term lung disease, Consuming too much caffeine or alcohol, Thyroid conditions, Pregnancy, Certain medications such as decongestants, herbal diet medications, asthma medications, Recreational drug use such as cocaine or Crystal meth, Surgery.

• #35 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/palpitations-leaflet/supraventricular-tachycardia

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) causes an abnormally fast heart rate. […] The source of this impulse in SVT is somewhere above (supra) the ventricles and causes a very fast, regular heart rate. […] The most common type of SVT is atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT), which is in this category. It occurs when there is an electrical short circuit in the centre of the heart. An extra impulse starts to race around this short circuit causing your heart to beat very fast. […] Episodes of SVT may be triggered by certain medications – for example, some asthma inhalers, antidepressants, herbal supplements and cold remedies. […] Avoiding these triggers will often reduce the frequency of SVTs.

• #36 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  The incidence of AVNRT in women is twice that in men. It is correlated with lower estrogen levels and higher progesterone levels, and is therefore more common during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and less common during pregnancy. […] AVNRT involves a pattern of reentry in persons who have two pathways in their atrioventricular (AV) node, one slow and one fast. […] These pathways create a continuous and self-propagating circuit with a rapid and regular ventricular response. […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. There is a progressive decline in the proportion of SVT caused by AVRT as age increases, from 60% in the first decade of life to 9% after 70 years of age. […] Patients with AVRT have a bypass pathway that bridges the atrium and ventricle, creating an accessory track that can conduct impulses in an anterograde or retrograde manner and establish a reentry circuit.

• #37

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/supraventricular-tachycardia/

  Substances like caffeine, nicotine, and certain medications or illicit drugs can trigger SVT episodes by affecting the heart’s electrical system. […] Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during pregnancy, thyroid disorders, or menopause, can predispose individuals to SVT. […] Emotional stress or anxiety can stimulate the release of hormones like adrenaline, which can influence heart rate and trigger SVT episodes. […] SVT can have a genetic component, and it may also occur more frequently in certain age groups, though it can affect individuals of any age. […] Conditions such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, which involves an abnormal extra electrical pathway in the heart, can predispose individuals to SVT. […] Abnormal levels of electrolytes like potassium, sodium, or magnesium in the blood can disrupt the heart’s electrical activity and trigger SVT.

• #38 Tachycardia: Fast Heart Rate | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia/tachycardia–fast-heart-rate

  SVT is a fast heart rate, greater than 100 beats per minute or more, which starts in the atria, the upper chambers of the heart. The electrical signals occur abnormally and speed up the heart rate. The rapidly beating heart prevents the heart chambers from filling completely between contractions (beats), which may compromise blood flow to the body. […] Issues that may cause an SVT episode include: Age, Anemia, Heart disease, Dehydration, Coronary artery disease; having had cardiac surgery or other heart problems, Congenital heart disease, Other heart conditions, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Chronic lung disease, Excessive caffeine intake, Excessive alcohol intake, Smoking or other tobacco products, drug misuse, including cocaine and methamphetamines, Pregnancy, Menopause, High blood pressure, Certain over-the-counter medications, including those for asthma, colds and allergies.

• #39 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22232-paroxysmal-supraventricular-tachycardia-psvt

  Like other types of arrhythmias, PSVT can be inherited (passed down through families). It can also develop as a result of: Age, Anemia, Dehydration and fatigue, Ingesting drinks and foods that contain caffeine, Drugs such as nasal decongestants containing pseudoephedrine, Excessive alcohol, Heart attack or damage from a previous heart attack or heart surgery, Heart disease, including coronary artery disease (CAD), High blood pressure (hypertension), High stress levels and high anxiety levels, Hormonal changes, such as those that happen during menopause or pregnancy, Obesity and carrying extra weight, Smoking and using tobacco products, Structural heart problems, including heart valve disease, Thyroid problems, including hyperthyroidism.

• #40 Supraventricular Tachycardia: Possible Triggers to Avoid

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/triggers-supraventricular-tachycardia

  Sometimes, doctors don’t know what sets off the racing, thumping heartbeat caused by supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] What they do know for certain: It starts in the upper chambers of your heart with electrical signals that tell it when to pump. These impulses go in a loop instead of heading off to the right place. This causes your heartbeat to speed up — sometimes to three times its normal pace. […] Here are some common things that trigger the condition: […] Certain medications have been known to trigger the pounding heart rhythm of SVT. […] If you are worn out or anxious, you may be more likely to have a bout of SVT. […] Cigarettes may be a trigger, although scientists aren’t absolutely sure. […] If you’ve had heart surgery, you may be left with scars that increase the chances you may get SVT. […] Working out too hard can sometimes be a trigger.

• #41 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Types, Causes, & Risk Factors

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/what-is-supraventricular-tachycardia

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is usually caused by things you can’t control, such as a medical condition or previous surgery. Sometimes, an episode is triggered by stress, exercise, or lack of sleep, though it usually happens without any obvious reason. […] Health conditions that can cause your heart to race include: Lung disease, Thyroid disease, Heart failure or other heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. […] „Congenital” means something that you’re born with. Some people are born with an extra electrical pathway or abnormal electrical circuits in their heart that can cause arrhythmias like SVT. […] If you’ve had heart surgery, scar tissue can change how electrical signals pass through your heart. […] Your heart is more likely to race when you: Are under a lot of stress, Have anxiety, Drink a lot of caffeine and alcohol, Smoke or use tobacco, Abuse drugs like cocaine or methamphetamine, also called crystal meth, Are pregnant.

• #42 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/supraventricular-tachycardia-svt

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a rapid heart rate (tachycardia) usually caused when electrical impulses originating at or above the atrioventricular node, or AV node (part of the heart’s electrical control system which controls rate) are out of synch. […] Though most episodes of SVT are caused by the hearts electrical system, other causes include certain drugs, health conditions, surgery and familial disorders, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

• #43 Supraventricular Tachycardia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/arrhythmias/supraventricular-tachycardia-svt

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is caused by a problem in the heart’s electrical conduction system. […] SVT occurs when there is a problem with the heart’s electrical signaling. Some types of SVT are genetic or congenital (present at birth), while others are brought about by disease or related to lifestyle habits. […] Supraventricular tachycardia causes include: heart disease, heart conditions present at birth, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, lung disease, thyroid disease, pregnancy, certain medications, excess caffeine, excess alcohol, drug use, and smoking.

• #44 Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964177/

  The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1000 persons with a female predominance of 2:1 across all age groups. […] SVT increases patient morbidity, particularly when symptoms are frequent or incessant, and in a small cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular pre-excitation, it can be life-threatening. […] In the absence of left or right bundle branch block, SVTs are often referred to as narrow complex tachycardias with the most common SVTs being atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) and atrial tachycardia (AT). […] AVNRT is the most common SVT in the general population and accounts for over 60% of patients undergoing invasive cardiac electrophysiology study. […] It is facilitated by the presence of two functionally distinct electrophysiological tracts of differing conduction velocities and refractory periods within the AV node: a fast pathway and a slow pathway.

• #45 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/supraventricular-tachycardia-svt-ecg-library/

  The term supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) refers to any tachydysrhythmia arising from above the level of the Bundle of His, and encompasses regular atrial, irregular atrial, and regular atrioventricular tachycardias. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously or upon provocation with exertion, caffeine, alcohol, beta-agonists (salbutamol) or sympathomimetics (amphetamines). […] It is more common in women than men (~ 75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] This most common type of re-entrant circuit is termed Slow-Fast AVNRT. […] Similar mechanisms exist for the other types of AVNRT. […] Other agents which may be used include calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers and amiodarone. […] Sinus Node Reentrant Tachycardia (SNRT) is caused by reentry circuit close to or within the sinus node.

• #46 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  The incidence of AVNRT in women is twice that in men. It is correlated with lower estrogen levels and higher progesterone levels, and is therefore more common during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and less common during pregnancy. […] AVNRT involves a pattern of reentry in persons who have two pathways in their atrioventricular (AV) node, one slow and one fast. […] These pathways create a continuous and self-propagating circuit with a rapid and regular ventricular response. […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. There is a progressive decline in the proportion of SVT caused by AVRT as age increases, from 60% in the first decade of life to 9% after 70 years of age. […] Patients with AVRT have a bypass pathway that bridges the atrium and ventricle, creating an accessory track that can conduct impulses in an anterograde or retrograde manner and establish a reentry circuit.

• #47 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) | Heart Care & Cardiology | Bon Secours

  https://www.bonsecours.com/health-care-services/heart-care-cardiology/conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia

  Risk factors that increase your likelihood of experiencing supraventricular tachycardia include: Gender women are more likely to develop supraventricular tachycardia, Pregnancy women who are pregnant are at greater risk of developing supraventricular tachycardia, Age while supraventricular tachycardia is the most common type of arrhythmia in children, middle-aged and older people are more likely to experience some types of supraventricular tachycardia, Coronary artery disease or other heart conditions if you have another heart condition or have had heart surgery previously, you are at greater risk for supraventricular tachycardia, Congenital heart disease people born with a congenital heart defect may experience supraventricular tachycardia episodes, Anxiety, physical fatigue, or emotional stress, Drugs and supplements taking OTC cold medications and prescription medications may increase your risk of developing a supraventricular tachycardia, Diabetes people who have uncontrolled diabetes are more likely to develop supraventricular tachycardia, Recreational drug use people taking illegal drugs such as crystal meth or cocaine are more likely to experience a supraventricular tachycardia, Thyroid conditions people with overactive or underactive thyroid glands are more likely to experience a supraventricular tachycardia.

• #48 Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964177/

  The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1000 persons with a female predominance of 2:1 across all age groups. […] SVT increases patient morbidity, particularly when symptoms are frequent or incessant, and in a small cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular pre-excitation, it can be life-threatening. […] In the absence of left or right bundle branch block, SVTs are often referred to as narrow complex tachycardias with the most common SVTs being atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) and atrial tachycardia (AT). […] AVNRT is the most common SVT in the general population and accounts for over 60% of patients undergoing invasive cardiac electrophysiology study. […] It is facilitated by the presence of two functionally distinct electrophysiological tracts of differing conduction velocities and refractory periods within the AV node: a fast pathway and a slow pathway.

• #49 Supraventricular Tachycardia – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/heart-health/supraventricular-tachycardia/

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an irregular heartbeat that starts at or above a part of your heart called the atrioventricular (AV) node. Its identified by a fast, narrow heartbeat (less than 120 milliseconds) that exceeds 100 beats per minute. […] When doctors try to figure out what might be causing your symptoms, they consider all the possible conditions that could be at fault. This is called a differential diagnosis. In the case of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), where your heart beats faster than normal, other possible conditions could be sinus tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, junctional tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter or multi atrial tachycardia. These names all refer to different types of abnormal heart rhythms. […] If you are likely to have SVT, there are several things that could set it off or trigger it. These include certain medications, caffeine, alcohol, physical or emotional stress, and smoking cigarettes. […] Supraventricular Tachycardia happens in about 35 out of every 10,000 people per year or 2.29 per 1000 people. […] Supraventricular tachycardia can be triggered by certain medications, caffeine, alcohol, physical or emotional stress, and smoking cigarettes.

• #50 Supraventricular Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441972/

  Supraventricular tachycardia refers to a group of rapid heart rhythm disorders originating at or above the atrioventricular node. […] In individuals prone to supraventricular tachycardia, certain factors can trigger episodes, including medications, such as -agonists for asthma; stimulants; caffeine; alcohol; and physical or emotional stress. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has an incidence of 35 per 10,000 person-years, or 2.29 per 1000 individuals, making it the most common tachyarrhythmia among young adults. […] Children with congenital heart diseases, such as the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, are at higher risk for atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. […] In children younger than 12, an accessory atrioventricular pathway causing reentrant tachycardia is the most prevalent cause of supraventricular tachycardia. […] The differential diagnosis includes sinus and ventricular tachycardia, which can be mistaken for supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction.

• #51 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/supraventricular_tachycardia/article_em.htm

  Supraventricular tachycardia is a rapid heart rate (tachycardia, or a heart rate above 100 beats per minute) that is caused by electrical impulses that originate above the heart’s ventricles. […] Paroxysmal (also termed sporadic) supraventricular tachycardia usually occurs without other symptoms. However, it may be associated with a number of medical conditions, such as the following: Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), Heart failure, Thyroid disease, Chronic lung disease, Pneumonia, Pulmonary emboli, or blood clots migrating into the lung arteries from elsewhere in the body, Pericarditis, Certain drugs and social habits, Cocaine abuse, Alcohol abuse, Smoking, Drinking too much caffeine in coffee, tea, or soft drinks, Emotional stress, Pregnancy, Structural abnormalities, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, in which extra electrical tissue sets up abnormal electrical circuits that predispose the heart to arrhythmias which include PSVT, Afib, AF, and ventricular fibrillation. […] In some cases, the cause of PSVT is unknown. PSVT is the most common arrhythmia in infants, children, and women who are pregnant.

• #52 Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964177/

  In AVRT, one critical limb of the circuit is the AV node, while the other consists of an embryological remnant connecting the atria and ventricle, the accessory pathway (AP). […] Patients with antegrade pathway conduction can be at risk of developing pre-excited atrial fibrillation. […] Atrial tachycardia (AT) originates within the atrium and is oblivious to the behaviour of the AV node. […] Long-term management is contingent on the underlying mechanism, frequency of symptoms, patient safety and preference. […] However, the potential for substantial improvements in quality of life, reduced hospital attendances and cost burden make catheter ablation a particularly desirable option as first line therapy for all SVTs, especially in AVNRT and AVRT where documented cure rates can exceed 95% with an associated risk of 1% for major complications.

• #53 SVT – Conditions – Heart Rhythm Cardiologist

  https://heartrhythmcardiologist.com/condition/svt/

  Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is a heart rhythm condition where the heart beats more rapidly than normal. […] SVT is essentially caused by faulty electrical signals or channels in the upper chambers of the heart (the atria). A common factor is an extra electrical pathway or focus that allows a higher rate of conduction of electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles; this prompts the heart to contract more rapidly than it would normally. […] It’s not always easy to determine why this happens in the first place, but we do know that there are some common triggers (in almost all cases, these are triggers of the abnormal circuit rather than the cause of the abnormal electrical pathway or focus within the heart). Potential triggers include: Stress or tiredness, Drinking caffeine, Drinking alcohol or taking drugs, Smoking, Particular types of medicine, Extra (ectopic) heartbeats.

• #54 Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964177/

  In AVRT, one critical limb of the circuit is the AV node, while the other consists of an embryological remnant connecting the atria and ventricle, the accessory pathway (AP). […] Patients with antegrade pathway conduction can be at risk of developing pre-excited atrial fibrillation. […] Atrial tachycardia (AT) originates within the atrium and is oblivious to the behaviour of the AV node. […] Long-term management is contingent on the underlying mechanism, frequency of symptoms, patient safety and preference. […] However, the potential for substantial improvements in quality of life, reduced hospital attendances and cost burden make catheter ablation a particularly desirable option as first line therapy for all SVTs, especially in AVNRT and AVRT where documented cure rates can exceed 95% with an associated risk of 1% for major complications.

• #55 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT, PSVT) – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/paroxysmal-supraventricular-tachycardia-svt-psvt

  Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia may be triggered by a premature heartbeat that repeatedly activates the heart at a fast rate. This repeated, rapid activation may be caused by several abnormalities that people are born with. There may be 2 electrical pathways in the atrioventricular node, which is the electrical junction box between the upper chambers (the atria) and lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart. Sometimes there is an abnormal electrical pathway between the atria and the ventricles. Much less commonly, the atria generate abnormal rapid or circling impulses. […] Preventing an episode is more difficult than treating an episode. When episodes are frequent or bothersome, doctors usually recommend catheter ablation. For this procedure, radiowaves, laser pulses, high-voltage electrical current, or cold is delivered through a catheter inserted in the heart. This energy or cold temperature destroys the tissue in which paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia originates.

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