Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chickenpox Now Rare In U.S. Due To Routine Vaccination

  https://www.idsociety.org/news–publications-new/articles/2022/chickenpox-now-rare-in-u.s.-due-to-routine-vaccination

  The United States was the first country to start universally vaccinating children against varicella (chickenpox) in 1995. […] Vaccination decreased cases of the disease in the United States by 97% and hospitalizations and deaths among individuals under 20 by 97% and 99%, respectively. […] Varicella vaccination prevents more than 3.8 million cases, 10,500 hospitalizations and 100 deaths in the United States each year. […] Researchers estimate the chickenpox vaccine now prevents more than 3.8 million cases, 10,500 hospitalizations and 100 deaths in the United States each year, indicating the tremendous success of the vaccine campaign. […] The significance of the vaccine program in lives saved, in sickness and hospitalizations avoided and in prevention of disruption to schools and family life cannot be overstated.

• #2 Chickenpox | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases-and-vaccines/chickenpox

  Chickenpox vaccine is required for childcare and school entry in the state of Washington. […] Getting chickenpox vaccine is over 99% effective at preventing the disease. […] Vaccination is over 99% effective at preventing chickenpox illness. […] People may get vaccinated after chickenpox exposure to prevent or reduce illness. […] This vaccine has reduced disease cases by over 97%. […] Even with fewer cases, vaccines are still important because the United States still has outbreaks of disease in unvaccinated populations.

• #3 Vaccines for post‐exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7061782/

  The prevention of varicella (chickenpox) using live attenuated varicella vaccines has been demonstrated both in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and in population-based immunisation programmes in countries such as the United States and Australia. […] The use of varicella vaccine in persons who have recently been exposed to the varicella zoster virus has been studied as a form of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). […] To assess the efficacy and safety of vaccines for use as PEP for the prevention of varicella in children and adults. […] Overall, 13 out of 56 vaccine recipients (23%) developed varicella compared with 42 out of 54 placebo (or no vaccine) recipients (78%). […] These small trials suggest varicella vaccine administered within three days to children following household contact with a varicella case reduces infection rates and severity of cases.

• #4 Your Child’s Vaccines: Chickenpox Vaccine (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/varicella-vaccine.html

  The varicella vaccine protects against chickenpox (varicella), a common and very contagious childhood viral illness. It also protects against shingles. It is a live attenuated vaccine, which means it contains a weakened form of the virus. […] Kids get the varicella vaccine when they’re between 12 and 15 months old. They get a booster shot for further protection at 4 to 6 years of age. […] Chickenpox used to be common in the U.S., causing many hospitalizations and even deaths. Since the vaccine was introduced in 1995, it has prevented millions of infections every year. It prevents severe illness in almost all kids who are vaccinated. It’s also very effective in preventing mild illness. Vaccinated kids who do get chickenpox generally have a mild case. […] Giving the vaccine within 3 to 5 days after exposure can help to prevent the infection or make it less serious. […] Pregnant women should not get the chickenpox vaccine until after they give birth.

• #5 Varicella Vaccination Information for Healthcare Professionals | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/varicella/hcp/index.html

  CDC recommends 2 doses of varicella (chickenpox) vaccine for children, adolescents, and adults to protect against varicella. Children are routinely recommended to receive the first dose at age 12 through 15 months and the second dose at age 4 through 6 years old. […] Information about varicella vaccine composition, dosage, and administration, as well as vaccine effectiveness and duration of protection.

• #6

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Varicella-ChickenPox.aspx

  The chickenpox vaccine is recommended for all children who have not had the disease. Most people who get the vaccine are protected for life and won’t get chickenpox. […] Children receive two doses of chickenpox vaccine to ensure the broadest protection. […] The first dose is given at 12 to 15 months of age. […] The second dose is given between 4 and 6 years old. They can receive their second dose earlier if it has been at least three months since the first dose. […] Children 13 years and older who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine should get two doses, spaced at least 28 days apart. […] If you plan to become pregnant and have not had chickenpox or the vaccine, get the vaccine before pregnancy. Infants under age 12 months are too young to get the vaccine. They do get some immune protection during the first few months of life that is passed to them during pregnancy if their mother had chickenpox or had the vaccine. […] The chickenpox vaccine also lowers the risk of another painful rash, called shingles, later in life. […] Most people who get both doses of the vaccine will not get chickenpox. Getting two doses is the best way to help protect your child and others.

• #7 Chickenpox: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4017-chickenpox

  Chickenpox, also called varicella-zoster, produces a red rash that blisters, then scabs over. Its very contagious and spreads through bodily fluids and bodily contact. You can prevent chickenpox with a vaccine. […] But its much less common today because theres a vaccine that protects you from it. […] Today, most children receive a vaccine against chickenpox as part of their routine immunization schedule. […] Adults who havent had chickenpox should also get the vaccine. If youre 13 or older and never got the vaccine, you should get two doses at least 28 days apart. […] Vaccination is over 90% effective at preventing chickenpox. Since 1995, the vaccine has prevented at least 91 million cases of chickenpox. […] The chickenpox vaccine is over 90% effective at preventing this once-common childhood illness. You can still get chickenpox if you dont get the vaccine even as an adult. Talk to your healthcare provider about getting vaccinated if you never had chickenpox. While most cases arent serious, you can reduce the risk of getting the virus by receiving a vaccine. Most children receive the chickenpox vaccine as part of their childhood immunizations.

• #8 Chickenpox Vaccine (Varicella Vaccine) Side Effects & Other Facts

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22136-chickenpox-vaccine

  The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the vaccine for children and adults who havent had chickenpox and havent been fully vaccinated. Youre fully vaccinated when you receive two doses of the chickenpox vaccine. […] The chickenpox vaccine is part of the childhood immunization schedule. So, most kids in the U.S. are fully vaccinated and protected against chickenpox by around age 6. […] Some adults may not be protected because they never caught chickenpox as a child and never got vaccinated. Chickenpox can make adults very sick and lead to complications. […] The chickenpox vaccine is an injection you receive from a healthcare provider. […] The chickenpox vaccine prevents most people from getting chickenpox. […] The chickenpox vaccine is very effective. Two doses provide lifelong protection against infection for most people.

• #9 Varicella (chickenpox) vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-24-varicella-chickenpox-vaccine.html

  Univalent varicella or MMRV vaccine is recommended for routine immunization of healthy children aged 12 months to less than 13 years of age. […] Univalent varicella vaccine is recommended for susceptible adolescents (13 to less than 18 years of age) and susceptible adults (18 to less than 50 years of age). […] Varicella immunization should be prioritized for the following susceptible individuals: Non-pregnant women of childbearing age, Household contacts of immunocompromised individuals, Members of a household expecting a newborn, Health care workers, Adults who may be exposed occupationally to varicella (for example, people who work with young children), Immigrants and refugees from tropical regions, People receiving chronic salicylate therapy (for example, acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]), People with cystic fibrosis, Susceptible adults exposed to a case of varicella.

• #9 Varicella (chickenpox) vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-24-varicella-chickenpox-vaccine.html

  Routine childhood immunization: 2 doses of any varicella-containing (univalent varicella or MMRV) vaccine. The first dose of varicella-containing vaccine should be administered at 12 to 15 months of age and the second dose at 18 months of age or any time thereafter, but no later than around school entry. […] Post-exposure immunization may be required depending on the level of exposure to VZV. […] Univalent varicella vaccine is the post-exposure management of choice for susceptible, healthy, non-pregnant persons. For optimal effectiveness, univalent varicella vaccine should be given as soon as possible, preferably within 72 hours, after exposure. […] Protection conferred by VarIg lasts approximately 3 weeks. Subsequent exposures occurring more than 3 weeks after a dose of VarIg require additional doses of VarIg if the criteria for administration, as specified above, are met. […] Varicella immunization should be a priority for susceptible workers including health care workers, child care workers, and teachers of young children.

• #10 Varicella vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_vaccine

  Varicella vaccine, also known as chickenpox vaccine, is a vaccine that protects against chickenpox. One dose of vaccine prevents 95% of moderate disease and 100% of severe disease. Two doses of vaccine are more effective than one. If given to those who are not immune within five days of exposure to chickenpox it prevents most cases of the disease. Vaccinating a large portion of the population also protects those who are not vaccinated. It is given by injection just under the skin. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine vaccination only if a country can keep more than 80% of people vaccinated. If only 20% to 80% of people are vaccinated it is possible that more people will get the disease at an older age and outcomes overall may worsen. Either one or two doses of the vaccine are recommended. In the United States two doses are recommended starting at twelve to fifteen months of age.

• #10 Varicella vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_vaccine

  Varicella vaccine is 70% to 90% effective for preventing varicella and more than 95% effective for preventing severe varicella. Follow-up evaluations have taken place in the United States of children immunized that revealed protection for at least 11 years. Studies were conducted in Japan which indicated protection for at least 20 years. […] The long-term duration of protection from varicella vaccine is unknown, but there are now persons vaccinated twenty years ago with no evidence of waning immunity, while others have become vulnerable in as few as six years. Assessments of the duration of immunity are complicated in an environment where natural disease is still common, which typically leads to an overestimation of effectiveness. […] The risk of developing shingles is reduced for children who receive the varicella vaccine, but not eliminated. The CDC stated in 2014: „Chickenpox vaccines contain weakened live VZV, which may cause latent (dormant) infection. The vaccine-strain VZV can reactivate later in life and cause shingles. However, the risk of getting shingles from vaccine-strain VZV after chickenpox vaccination is much lower than getting shingles after natural infection with wild-type VZV.”

• #10 Varicella vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_vaccine

  Serious side effects are very rare. From 1998 to 2013, only one vaccine-related death was reported: an English child with pre-existent leukemia. On some occasions, severe reactions such as meningitis and pneumonia have been reported (mainly in inadvertently vaccinated immunocompromised children) as well as anaphylaxis. […] Approximately 5% of children who receive the vaccine develop a fever or rash. Adverse reaction reports for the period 1995 to 2005 found no deaths attributed to the vaccine despite approximately 55.7 million doses being delivered. Cases of vaccine-related chickenpox have been reported in patients with a weakened immune system, but no deaths.

• #10 Varicella vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_vaccine

  The WHO recommends one or two doses with the initial dose given at 12 to 18 months of age. The second dose, if given, should occur at least one to three months later. The second dose, if given, provides the additional benefit of improved protection against all varicella. This vaccine is a shot given subcutaneously (under the skin). It is recommended for all children under 13 and for everyone 13 or older who has never had chickenpox. […] The varicella vaccine is not recommended for seriously ill people, pregnant women, people who have tuberculosis, people who have experienced a serious allergic reaction to the varicella vaccine in the past, people who are allergic to gelatin, people allergic to neomycin, people receiving high doses of steroids, people receiving treatment for cancer with x-rays or chemotherapy, as well as people who have received blood products or transfusions during the past five months.

• #11 Chickenpox vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/chickenpox-vaccine/

  Contact your GP surgery if you think you or other members of your family need the chickenpox vaccine to protect you or someone you live with. […] The chickenpox vaccine is given as an injection into your arm. […] You need 2 doses, 4 to 8 weeks apart. […] After 2 doses, the chickenpox vaccine provides around 98% protection in children and about 75% protection in adults.

• #11 Chickenpox vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/chickenpox-vaccine/

  The chickenpox vaccine helps protect against chickenpox. It’s only available on the NHS to people in close contact with someone who has a higher risk of getting seriously ill from chickenpox. […] The chickenpox vaccine helps prevent chickenpox. […] The chickenpox vaccine is recommended to help protect certain people who have a higher risk of getting seriously ill from chickenpox. […] The chickenpox vaccine is recommended if you’re healthy and all the following apply: […] You should also have the chickenpox vaccine if you’ve not had chickenpox before and your work involves close contact with patients. […] Most people can have the chickenpox vaccine if they need it. […] People who should not have the chickenpox vaccine include: […] If you’ve had the chickenpox vaccine, you should avoid getting pregnant for 1 month after having the last dose of the vaccine.

• #12 Chickenpox (Varicella) Facts – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/varicella/chknpxfacts.html

  Vaccination, or getting a shot, is the best way to protect against chickenpox. Children, adolescents, and adults should have two doses of chickenpox vaccine. […] Most vaccinated people will not get chickenpox. If a vaccinated person does get chickenpox, it is usually mild, with few blisters, and low or no fever. The chickenpox vaccine prevents almost all cases of severe disease. […] Vaccination is the best way to prevent the spread of chickenpox. In addition, avoiding close contact with others who are sick, washing hands often, and staying home if you are sick can help prevent the spread of chickenpox. […] If a person has been exposed to chickenpox but has never had the vaccine or had chickenpox, sometimes the chickenpox vaccine can also help prevent chickenpox after a person has been exposed. […] During a chickenpox outbreak, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) recommends vaccination for children who have not received two chickenpox shots or have not had chickenpox.

• #13 Effectiveness of varicella vaccine as post-exposure prophylaxis: a meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8903924/

  To evaluate the effectiveness of varicella vaccine (VarV) as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among children during varicella outbreaks. […] A total of 15 studies with 7,474 children that received one or two dosages of VarV as PEP and 183,827 children who received no VarV were included in the meta-analysis. In total, one-dose and two-dose VarV as PEP had 43% (95% confidence interval (CI):27%, 55%) and 60% (95%CI: 35%, 75%) efficacy, respectively. […] When PEP was applied within 3 days, the pooled VarV as PEP for prevention of varicella was 80% (95%CI: 68%, 88%); when PEP was administered beyond 3 days, the pooled VarV as PEP for the prevention of varicella was 50% (95%CI: 11%, 72%). […] If the PEP was implemented with a coverage of more than 80%, the VarV could prevent 82% of varicella cases from occurring (95%CI: 15%, 96%); if the PEP covered a maximum of 80% of the susceptible cases, the VarV could prevent 65% of varicella cases from occurring (95%CI: 50%, 76%).

• #14 Effectiveness of varicella vaccine as post-exposure prophylaxis: a meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8903924/

  The two-dose VarV had better efficacy than one-dose VarV in the control of varicella outbreaks, especially if PEP was applied within 3 days of an outbreak and in conjunction with a high coverage rate 80%. […] Our study showed that one-dose and two-dose VarV as PEP had 43% and 60% efficacy, respectively. […] When PEP was applied within 3 days, the pooled VarV as PEP for prevention of varicella was 80%; when the PEP was administered beyond 3 days, the pooled VarV as PEP for prevention of varicella was 50%. […] If the PEP was implemented with a coverage of more than 80% or less than 80%, the VarV could prevent 82% and 65% of varicella cases from occurring, respectively. […] Our results suggest that the use of VarV as PEP is a potential strategy for the prevention of morbidity from varicella infection. The VE of receiving second-dose VarV as PEP was higher than that of one-dose VarV as PEP.

• #15 Vaccines for post‐exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults – Macartney, K – 2014 | Cochrane Library

  https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001833.pub3/abstract

  The prevention of varicella (chickenpox) using live attenuated varicella vaccines has been demonstrated both in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and in populationbased immunisation programmes in countries such as the United States and Australia. […] The use of varicella vaccine in persons who have recently been exposed to the varicella zoster virus has been studied as a form of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). […] To assess the efficacy and safety of vaccines for use as PEP for the prevention of varicella in children and adults. […] These small trials suggest varicella vaccine administered within three days to children following household contact with a varicella case reduces infection rates and severity of cases. […] Routine childhood varicella vaccination has been provided through publicly funded immunisation programmes in few countries.

• #16 SciELO Brazil – Vaccines for post-exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults Vaccines for post-exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults

  https://www.scielo.br/j/spmj/a/GYphMBysbGNjpf7ZtXSsg9S/

  Live attenuated varicella vaccines for the prevention of varicella (chickenpox) has been demonstrated both in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and in population-based immunisation programmes in countries such as the United States. […] The use of varicella vaccine in persons who have recently been exposed to the varicella zoster virus has been studied as a form of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). […] To assess the efficacy and safety of vaccines for use as PEP for the prevention of varicella in children and adults. […] Overall, 13 out of 56 vaccine recipients (18%) developed varicella compared with 42 out of 54 placebo (or no vaccine) recipients (78%). […] These small trials suggest varicella vaccine administered within three days to children following household contact with a varicella case reduces infection rates and severity of cases.

• #17 Chickenpox Vaccine: What You Should Know

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/chickenpox-vaccine-5213830

  A chickenpox vaccine became available in the United States in 1995, preventing millions of infections and many hospitalizations and deaths. This article discusses the chickenpox vaccine, its effectiveness, and potential risks and side effects. […] The chickenpox vaccine is a routine childhood vaccination recommended for all children. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that all healthy people get the vaccine. […] One version of the vaccine may be given if someone suspects they may have been exposed to chickenpox as postexposure prophylaxis (after exposure to the virus) to reduce the risk of infection. This is recommended for unvaccinated, healthy people 12 months or older who do not have evidence of immunity to prevent the disease. For maximum effectiveness, it must be administered within five days after exposure.

• #18 Vaccines for Postexposure Prophylaxis Against Varicella (Chicken Pox) | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0901/p455.html

  Should varicella vaccine be given as postexposure prophylaxis for prevention in healthy unvaccinated children and adults? […] Varicella vaccine appears to be effective in preventing or modifying the severity of the disease in healthy unvaccinated children if administered within three days of exposure. […] The safety of varicella vaccine when used as post-exposure prophylaxis was not adequately assessed in these three studies. […] Nevertheless, according to ACIP, postexposure vaccination should be offered to adults without evidence of immunity. ACIP also recommends postexposure prophylaxis for all exposed household contacts.

• #19

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/post-exposure-prophylaxis-for-chickenpox-and-shingles/guidelines-on-post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep-for-varicella-or-shingles-january-2023

  Chickenpox (varicella) infection in immunosuppressed individuals, susceptible pregnant individuals and neonates can result in severe and even life-threatening varicella disease. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended to attenuate disease and reduce the risk of complications such as pneumonitis, rather than to prevent infection in these at-risk individuals. […] In summary, antivirals are now recommended for post-exposure prophylaxis for all at risk groups including susceptible neonates. In addition, for neonates designated in Group 1 such as those exposed to their mother within one week of delivery (either in utero or post-delivery) the antiviral treatment should be supplemented with intravenous (i.v.) varicella immunoglobulin either as a hyperimmune product (such as Varitect CP) or normal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). A bolus dose of IVIG may also be considered for eligible groups for whom oral antivirals are contraindicated.

• #19

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/post-exposure-prophylaxis-for-chickenpox-and-shingles/guidelines-on-post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep-for-varicella-or-shingles-january-2023

  Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin for i.v. administration (Varitect CP) is produced by Biotest as a solution for i.v. infusion and is dispensed as 25 IU/ml. It is recommended that a treatment dose of 25 IU/kg to 50 IU/kg (1 to 2 ml/kg) (up to a maximum of 5mls (one vial)) is administered as a single dose as post-exposure prophylaxis for neonates, exposed to intrauterine VZ infection within the last 7 days of pregnancy, with rash onset in the mother presenting within 1 week of delivery. […] Contacts who cannot receive antivirals should be given IVIG at a dose of 0.2g per kg body weight (4 ml/kg for a 5% solution) instead. This will produce serum VZV antibody levels equivalent to those that were achieved with VZIG. […] All immunosuppressed individuals as defined in chapter 6 of the Green Book (Immunisation against infectious disease) are at risk of severe chickenpox and should be assessed for the need for prophylaxis following a significant exposure.

• #19

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/post-exposure-prophylaxis-for-chickenpox-and-shingles/guidelines-on-post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep-for-varicella-or-shingles-january-2023

  Post-exposure prophylaxis is recommended for individuals who fulfil all of the following 3 criteria: significant exposure to chickenpox (varicella) or shingles (zoster) during the infectious period, at increased risk of severe chickenpox such as immunosuppressed individuals, neonates and susceptible pregnant women, no antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) urgent VZV antibody testing can be performed within 24 hours. […] Oral aciclovir (or valaciclovir) is now the first choice of PEP for susceptible immunosuppressed individuals, all susceptible pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy and infants at high risk. […] The only exception in starting treatment on day 7 is in Group 1 neonates whose mothers develop chickenpox (but not shingles) in the period 7 days before to 7 days after delivery.

• #20

• #21

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/post-exposure-prophylaxis-for-chickenpox-and-shingles/guidelines-on-post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep-for-varicella-or-shingles-january-2023

  The rationale for PEP in pregnant women is two-fold: reduction in severity of maternal disease and theoretical reduction in the risk of fetal infection for women contracting varicella in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] In light of the existing evidence on the safety of aciclovir, the efficacy of aciclovir in preventing clinical chickenpox in healthy and immunosuppressed contacts, equivalence of antivirals as PEP and that VZIG is no longer available, antivirals are now the treatment of choice for exposure to varicella or shingles for susceptible women exposed in any stage of pregnancy. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis is recommended for: Neonates whose mothers develop chickenpox (but not shingles) in the period 7 days before to 7 days after delivery: VZV IgG antibody testing of the neonate or mother is not needed. Varitect (intravenous varicella immunoglobulin) or IVIG should be started as soon as possible and preferably within 7 days of exposure.

• #22 Immune Response to Varicella After Acyclovir Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0215/p1145a.html

  Primary varicella infection can often be prevented or at least limited by administration of the varicella vaccine within 72 hours of exposure to chickenpox or herpes zoster. […] The authors conclude that cell-mediated immunity to VZV develops following exposure to chickenpox in children who receive acyclovir prophylaxis. […] The authors state that the varicella vaccine is the first choice for prophylaxis, but acyclovir is an alternative if vaccination is not possible within a few days after exposure. […] A VZV immune status should be determined in children who receive acyclovir prophylaxis to document immunity and avoid unnecessary administration of varicella vaccine in children with acquired immunity.

• #23 Chickenpox (Varicella) | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/diseases/chickenpox/index.html

  Children age 12 months and older need to get the chickenpox vaccine as part of their routine vaccine schedule. […] If you aren’t immune to chickenpox (if you haven’t had chickenpox in the past or you haven’t been vaccinated against it), you need to get 2 doses of the vaccine about 1 month apart. […] Side effects are usually mild and go away in a few days. They may include: Pain, swelling, and redness where the shot was given; Mild rash; Low fever. […] Like any medicine, there’s a very small chance that the chickenpox vaccine could cause a serious reaction. Keep in mind that getting the chickenpox vaccine is much safer than getting chickenpox.

• #24 Chickenpox – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chickenpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20351282

  If you don’t remember whether you’ve had chickenpox or the vaccine, your provider can give you a blood test to find out. […] Do not get the chickenpox vaccine if you’re pregnant. If you decide to get vaccinated before pregnancy, don’t try to get pregnant during the series of shots or for one month after the last dose of the vaccine. […] Talk to your provider if you’re not sure whether you need the vaccine. If you plan on getting pregnant, ask your provider if you’re up to date on your vaccines. […] Since the chickenpox vaccine became available, studies have found that it’s safe and it works well. Side effects are often mild. They include pain, redness, soreness and swelling at the site of the shot. Rarely, you might get a rash at the site or a fever.

• #25 Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007612.htm

  Varicella vaccine can prevent varicella. […] Most people who are vaccinated with 2 doses of varicella vaccine will be protected for life. […] Children need 2 doses of varicella vaccine, usually: First dose: age 12 through 15 months; Second dose: age 4 through 6 years. […] Older children, adolescents, and adults also need 2 doses of varicella vaccine if they are not already immune to chickenpox. […] Varicella vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. […] In some cases, your health care provider may decide to postpone varicella vaccination until a future visit. […] People with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated. People who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait until they recover before getting varicella vaccine. […] It is possible for a vaccinated person to develop a rash. If this happens, the varicella vaccine virus could be spread to an unprotected person.

• #26 Dosing and Administration for VARIVAX® (Varicella Virus Vaccine Live)

  https://www.merckvaccines.com/varivax/dosing-administration/

  VARIVAX is a vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of varicella in individuals 12 months of age or older. […] There are insufficient data to assess the rate of protection of VARIVAX against the serious complications of chickenpox in adults (eg, encephalitis, hepatitis, pneumonia), and during pregnancy (congenital varicella syndrome). […] The duration of protection from varicella infection after vaccination with VARIVAX is unknown. […] Vaccination with VARIVAX may not result in protection of all healthy, susceptible children, adolescents, and adults. […] Due to the concern for transmission of vaccine virus, vaccine recipients should attempt to avoid, whenever possible, close association with susceptible high-risk individuals for up to 6 weeks following vaccination. […] VARIVAX is contraindicated for use in pregnant women because the vaccine contains live, attenuated varicella virus, and it is known that wild-type varicella virus, if acquired during pregnancy, can cause congenital varicella.

• #27 Chickenpox Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment in Healthy Children, Treatment in Immunocompetent Adults

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1131785-treatment

  The varicella vaccine is proven to be safe, effective, and cost-efficient for healthy children, adolescents, and adults. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), all healthy children and susceptible individuals should receive two doses of the live attenuated varicella vaccine, as outlined in the CDC’s Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age. […] Vaccination is particularly important for individuals of reproductive age, those at high risk for exposure, and those who have contact with individuals at higher risk for severe disease. […] Vaccination is contraindicated in individuals who have had a severe allergic reaction (ie, anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of the vaccine or any of its components. […] Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VariZIG) administered intramuscularly (IM) can prevent or attenuate chickenpox following exposure.

• #28 Varicella Vaccine – Basics About Chickenpox Prevention | Carreras Medical Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/carreras-medical-center/varicella-vaccine-basics-about-chickenpox-prevention/

  All children below 13 who have not had varicella are recommended to get the shot. Also, adults and adolescents who have not received the shot and who have never had varicella are also recommended to get vaccinated. […] As mentioned, the vaccine for varicella is administered in two doses. For children, the first dose is given between 12 to 18 months. The second dose is given when the child is between four and six years old. […] The immunization includes having had varicella or documentation of getting the shot for the disease. In most of the United States, kids entering child care and school are required to have evidence of immunity to varicella. […] People dealing with moderate or severe illnesses should recover before getting the vaccine. Plus, patients who experienced an allergic reaction to the initial shot should not get the second one. […] Getting the vaccine can save your life.

• #29

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Chickenpox-Vaccine-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx

  Varicella vaccine can prevent chickenpox. […] Most people who are vaccinated with 2 doses of varicella vaccine will be protected for life. […] Children need 2 doses of varicella vaccine, usually: First dose: 12 through 15 months of age; Second dose: 4 through 6 years of age. […] Older children, adolescents, and adults also need 2 doses of varicella vaccine if they are not already immune to chickenpox. […] Varicella vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. […] In some cases, your health care provider may decide to postpone varicella vaccination to a future visit. […] People with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated. […] Some people who are vaccinated against chickenpox get shingles (herpes zoster) years later. This is much less common after vaccination than after chickenpox disease.

• #30 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) & Communicable Diseases | Health & Senior Services

  https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/chickenpox.php

  Yes, make sure all your vaccines are up to date, especially if you are planning a pregnancy. Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself and those you love. If you are not immune, you should be vaccinated. You will receive two doses of varicella (chickenpox) vaccine one month apart. You should avoid becoming pregnant for at least one month after the last vaccination. Varicella vaccine should not be given to pregnant women. If you are pregnant, have your healthcare provider give you the varicella vaccine after your baby is delivered. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends shingles vaccine (Shingrix) for people 50 years of age and older. There is no maximum age for getting the shingles vaccine. […] The shingles vaccine is recommended for all individuals 50 years and older regardless if they recall having the chickenpox or not. Studies show that more than 99% of Americans born on or before 1980 have had chickenpox. […] Talk to your healthcare provider about the shingles vaccine (Shingrix) to see if vaccination is right for you.

• #31 Varicella (chickenpox) | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/varicella-chickenpox

  Vaccination for certain groups of people is funded under the National Immunisation Program. […] Varicella-containing vaccine is recommended for children aged ≥12 months to <14 years. [...] Varicella-containing vaccine is recommended for children at 18 months of age as MMRV (measles-mumps-rubella-varicella) vaccine. [...] All adolescents ≥14 years of age and adults should have either: documented evidence of 2 doses of varicella-containing vaccine given at least 4 weeks apart, or a history of varicella infection. [...] Non-immune people ≥14 years of age can receive monovalent varicella vaccine. [...] A 2nd dose of varicella-containing vaccine is recommended. [...] Previous varicella infection is not a contraindication to varicella vaccine. [...] Varicella vaccine is recommended for all non-immune adolescents aged ≥14 years and adults.

• #32 Chickenpox Now Rare In U.S. Due To Routine Vaccination

  https://www.idsociety.org/news–publications-new/articles/2022/chickenpox-now-rare-in-u.s.-due-to-routine-vaccination

  As more children were vaccinated, chickenpox transmission decreased significantly in the general population (97%). […] The vaccine campaign has economic benefits, saving an estimated $23 billion in medical costs and lost wages due to parents having to stay home with sick children. […] The United States was the first country in the world to implement a universal chickenpox vaccination program. […] Researchers urge clinicians to remain vigilant and for continued support for the U.S. vaccination program.

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