Rak jądra
Objawy

Rak jądra jest najczęstszym nowotworem złośliwym u mężczyzn w wieku 15-44 lat, stanowiąc około 1% wszystkich nowotworów u mężczyzn. Typowym pierwszym objawem jest bezbolesny guz lub obrzęk w jednym jądrze, często o wielkości od ziarnka grochu do większych rozmiarów. Objawy mogą obejmować uczucie ciężkości moszny, tępy ból w dolnej części brzucha, pachwinie lub mosznie, zmiany wielkości, kształtu i konsystencji jądra oraz nagromadzenie płynu w mosznie. W około 90% przypadków pacjenci odczuwają obecność guza, który zwykle jest bezbolesny. Rzadziej występują objawy hormonalne, takie jak ginekomastia czy przedwczesne dojrzewanie płciowe, związane z wydzielaniem hormonów przez nowotwór, np. ludzkiej gonadotropiny kosmówkowej (HCG). Rak jądra rozwija się zwykle jednostronnie, ale może szybko dawać przerzuty do węzłów chłonnych, płuc, wątroby czy mózgu, co manifestuje się objawami zaawansowanej choroby, takimi jak ból pleców, duszność, kaszel z krwiopluciem, bóle głowy czy obrzęki kończyn dolnych. Stadia choroby klasyfikuje się od 0 (GCNIS) do III, z 5-letnim wskaźnikiem przeżycia wynoszącym 99-100% w stadium I, 96% w stadium II i 73% w stadium III.

Rak jądra – objawy pierwotne

Rak jądra jest jednym z najczęstszych nowotworów złośliwych występujących u młodych mężczyzn, szczególnie w wieku 15-35 lat, choć może wystąpić w każdym wieku 12. Mimo że stanowi około 1% wszystkich nowotworów u mężczyzn, jest najczęstszym nowotworem w grupie wiekowej 15-44 lat 34.

Najczęstszym pierwszym objawem raka jądra jest bezbolesny guz lub obrzęk w jednym z jąder 56. Guz może być niewielki, wielkości ziarnka grochu, ale może również osiągnąć większe rozmiary 78. Ważne jest, aby zauważyć, że w około 90% przypadków mężczyźni odczuwają obecność guza lub obrzęku, który często jest bezbolesny, ale może powodować dyskomfort 9.

Do podstawowych objawów raka jądra należą:

  • Guzek lub obrzęk w jednym lub obu jądrach (najczęściej dotyczy tylko jednego jądra) 1011
  • Uczucie ciężkości w moszniemoszna może wydawać się cięższa niż zwykle 1213
  • Tępy ból lub dyskomfort w dolnej części brzucha, pachwinie, jądrze lub mosznie 1415
  • Zmiana wielkości lub kształtu jądra 1617
  • Zmiana konsystencji jądra – zwiększona twardość, jędrność 1819
  • Nagromadzenie płynu w mosznie 2021

Rak jądra zazwyczaj nie powoduje bólu, ale w niektórych przypadkach pierwszym objawem może być ostry ból w jądrze lub mosznie 22. Niektóre guzy jądra mogą powodować ból, ale większość z nich jest bezbolesna 23.

Istotnym jest, że rak jądra zwykle rozwija się tylko w jednym jądrze, ale w rzadkich przypadkach może występować w obu jednocześnie 2425. Ponadto, komórki rakowe mogą rosnąć bardzo szybko i często rozprzestrzeniają się poza jądro do innych części ciała 26.

Zmiany hormonalne związane z rakiem jądra

W niektórych przypadkach rak jądra może powodować zmiany hormonalne w organizmie, prowadząc do rzadszych, ale charakterystycznych objawów:

  • Powiększenie lub tkliwość tkanki piersiowej (ginekomastia) – spowodowane zmianami hormonalnymi związanymi z nowotworem 2728
  • Wczesne objawy dojrzewania płciowego u chłopców, takie jak pogłębienie głosu lub wzrost owłosienia twarzy i ciała w wieku wcześniejszym niż oczekiwano 2930
  • Utrata libido lub inne zmiany hormonalne 31

Nowotwory jądra mogą wytwarzać hormony, które mogą być wykryte w badaniach krwi. Niektóre guzy wydzielają wysokie poziomy hormonu ludzkiej gonadotropiny kosmówkowej (HCG), co może stymulować rozwój tkanki piersiowej 32.

Objawy zaawansowanego raka jądra

Jeśli rak jądra nie zostanie wcześnie wykryty i leczony, może rozprzestrzeniać się (dawać przerzuty) do innych części ciała, powodując dodatkowe objawy 33. Niektórzy mężczyźni mogą nie mieć żadnych objawów, nawet jeśli nowotwór rozprzestrzenił się do innych części ciała 34.

Objawy zaawansowanego raka jądra (stadium 3) mogą obejmować:

  • Ból w dolnej części pleców – spowodowany rozprzestrzenieniem się nowotworu do węzłów chłonnych za brzuchem 3536
  • Ból brzucha – spowodowany powiększonymi węzłami chłonnymi lub rozprzestrzenieniem się nowotworu do wątroby 37
  • Duszność, ból w klatce piersiowej lub kaszel (czasem z odkrztuszaniem krwi) – mogą wystąpić, gdy nowotwór rozprzestrzenił się do płuc 3839
  • Bóle głowy lub dezorientacja – z powodu rozprzestrzenienia się nowotworu do mózgu 4041
  • Powiększenie węzłów chłonnych w okolicy szyi, klatki piersiowej lub pachwiny 4243
  • Obrzęk jednej lub obu nóg lub duszność z powodu zakrzepu krwi 4445
  • Zmęczenie, utrata masy ciała bez próby odchudzania, nocne poty 4647

U niektórych mężczyzn zakrzep krwi może być pierwszym objawem raka jądra. Zakrzepy krwi mogą pojawić się w nogach, powodując ich obrzęk 48.

Progresja raka jądra

Zrozumienie stadiów raka jądra jest kluczowe dla określenia stopnia zaawansowania choroby i planowania właściwego leczenia 49. Wyższy stopień oznacza, że nowotwór jest bardziej zaawansowany 50.

Stadia raka jądra

Rak jądra dzieli się na następujące stadia:

  • Stadium 0 (neoplazja zarodkowych komórek in situ, GCNIS) – najwcześniejsze stadium raka jądra 5152
  • Stadium I – rak występuje tylko w jądrze i nie rozprzestrzenił się do pobliskich węzłów chłonnych lub innych narządów 5354
  • Stadium II – rak rozprzestrzenił się z jądra do węzłów chłonnych w jamie brzusznej lub miednicy 5556
  • Stadium III – rak rozprzestrzenił się poza węzły chłonne do innych części ciała, takich jak płuca, wątroba lub mózg 5758

W najwcześniejszych stadiach raka jądra (stadium 0 i stadium I) komórki nowotworowe są obecne tylko w jądrze i nie rozprzestrzeniły się do węzłów chłonnych ani innych części ciała 59. W miarę postępu choroby (stadium II i III), rak rozprzestrzenia się poza jądro do węzłów chłonnych i potencjalnie do odległych narządów 60.

Rokowanie dla pacjentów z rakiem jądra zależy od wielu czynników, w tym od stadium nowotworu, typu raka i wieku pacjenta 61. Generalnie, im wcześniej wykryty i leczony jest rak jądra, tym lepsze rokowanie 62.

Typy raka jądra i ich progresja

Istnieją dwa główne typy raka jądra, które różnią się pod względem przebiegu i agresywności:

  • Nowotwory typu seminoma – mają tendencję do wolniejszego rozwoju i rzadziej dają przerzuty poza jądro 6364
  • Nowotwory typu nonseminoma – są bardziej agresywne i mają większą tendencję do rozprzestrzeniania się do innych części ciała 6566

Nowotwory typu nonseminoma mają tendencję do rozprzestrzeniania się poprzez układ limfatyczny, co oznacza, że mogą dawać przerzuty do węzłów chłonnych 67. Z kolei nowotwory typu seminoma są zwykle znajdowane tylko w jądrach i rzadziej dają przerzuty do innych części ciała 68.

Czas progresji raka jądra

Rak jądra może rozwijać się stosunkowo szybko. Komórki rakowe potrafią rosnąć w szybkim tempie i często rozprzestrzeniają się poza jądro do innych części ciała 6970. Im dłuższy jest czas od pojawienia się pierwszych objawów do diagnozy, tym większe ryzyko, że nowotwór zdąży się rozprzestrzenić 71.

Mężczyźni mogą mieć raka jądra przez lata bez zauważalnych objawów 72. Niektórzy pacjenci zgłaszają się do lekarza dopiero wtedy, gdy występują ciężkie objawy, takie jak utrata masy ciała, duszność lub odkrztuszanie krwi, co sugeruje zaawansowane stadium nowotworu 73.

Ryzyko nawrotu raka jądra jest największe w ciągu pierwszych 2-3 lat po leczeniu pierwotnym, a nadzór jest kontynuowany przez okres do 5 lat 74. W jednym z badań 76% nawrotów seminoma w stadium I wystąpiło w ciągu pierwszych dwóch lat 75.

Warto również zauważyć, że osoby, które wcześniej chorowały na raka jądra, mają 4-12 razy większe ryzyko rozwoju nowotworu w drugim jądrze 76.

Rokowanie w raku jądra

Rak jądra jest jednym z najbardziej uleczalnych typów nowotworów, z doskonałym rokowaniem, szczególnie jeśli zostanie wcześnie zdiagnozowany i leczony 7778.

Stadium raka jądra 5-letni wskaźnik przeżycia Charakterystyka
Stadium I 99-100% Rak ograniczony do jądra
Stadium II 96% Rak rozprzestrzenił się do węzłów chłonnych w jamie brzusznej
Stadium III 73% Rak rozprzestrzenił się poza węzły chłonne do innych części ciała

Ogólny wskaźnik przeżycia 5-letniego dla raka jądra wynosi ponad 95%, a ogólny wskaźnik wyleczenia wynosi około 90% 7980. Nawet pacjenci z niekorzystnymi czynnikami ryzyka mają średnio 50% szans na wyleczenie 81.

Rak jądra jest leczony skutecznie w ponad 95% przypadków, a jeśli jest leczony wcześnie, wskaźnik wyleczenia wzrasta do 98% 82. Rak jądra może być śmiertelny, ale jest to rzadkie 83.

Opóźniona diagnoza raka jądra wiąże się z gorszym rokowaniem, dlatego ważne jest, aby wykonywać regularne samobadanie jąder w celu jak najwcześniejszego wykrycia nowotworu 84. Zaawansowany rak jądra jest trudniejszy do leczenia niż nowotwór ograniczony do jąder lub otaczającego obszaru, jednak nadal ma lepsze rokowanie niż większość innych nowotworów w podobnych stadiach przerzutów 85.

Znaczenie wczesnego wykrycia

Wczesne wykrycie raka jądra jest kluczowe dla skutecznego leczenia i zwiększenia szans na całkowite wyleczenie 8687. Opóźnienia w diagnozie dają komórkom nowotworowym czas na rozprzestrzenianie się, co utrudnia leczenie 88.

Rak jądra w początkowym stadium ma szczególnie wysoki wskaźnik wyleczenia, podczas gdy bardziej zaawansowane stadia mogą wymagać agresywnych metod leczenia, takich jak chemioterapia i operacja 89. W Stanach Zjednoczonych, gdy choroba jest leczona, gdy jest jeszcze zlokalizowana, ponad 99% pacjentów przeżywa 5 lat 90.

Z tego względu zaleca się, aby mężczyźni regularnie wykonywali samobadanie jąder i konsultowali się z lekarzem w przypadku zauważenia jakichkolwiek zmian lub niepokojących objawów 91. Regularne badania kontrolne są również istotne dla osób, które już przeszły leczenie raka jądra, aby wykryć ewentualne nawroty choroby 92.

Potencjalne powikłania i następstwa

Leczenie raka jądra może prowadzić do różnych powikłań i następstw, które warto uwzględnić podczas planowania terapii 93. Potencjalne powikłania obejmują:

  • Wpływ na płodność – rak jądra i jego leczenie mogą wpływać na płodność mężczyzny. Leczenie takie jak chemioterapia, radioterapia i operacja mogą wpływać na produkcję testosteronu i nasienia, potencjalnie zagrażając przyszłej płodności 9495
  • Zmiana wyglądu moszny – zabieg usunięcia jądra może wpłynąć na wygląd moszny 96
  • Wpływ na libido – rak jądra i jego leczenie mogą wpływać na zainteresowanie seksem 97
  • Zaburzenia ejakulacji – po operacji usunięcia węzłów chłonnych zdolność pacjenta do ejakulacji może być zaburzona, chociaż ten problem jest rzadki przy dzisiejszych technikach oszczędzających nerwy 98
  • Ryzyko nawrotu – istnieje ryzyko nawrotu raka jądra, szczególnie w ciągu pierwszych 2-3 lat po leczeniu pierwotnym 99
  • Ryzyko rozwoju raka w drugim jądrze – osoby, które chorowały na raka jądra, mają zwiększone ryzyko (około 3-4%) rozwoju nowotworu w drugim jądrze 100

Po zakończeniu leczenia pacjenci powinni być regularnie monitorowani przez co najmniej 5 lat, z okresowymi badaniami, takimi jak rentgen, tomografia komputerowa i badania krwi na obecność markerów nowotworowych 101. Ważne jest również, aby kontynuować comiesięczne samobadanie jąder, aby wcześnie wykryć potencjalne zmiany w drugim jądrze 102.

Obecne metody leczenia raka jądra opracowane w ciągu ostatnich 50 lat uczyniły z tego nowotworu jeden z najbardziej uleczalnych nowotworów 103. Leczenie raka jądra jest jedną z historii sukcesu nowoczesnej medycyny, z trwałą odpowiedzią na leczenie w ponad 90% przypadków, niezależnie od stadium 104.

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer thats diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump in your testicle. Other symptoms include: Swelling or sudden fluid build-up in your scrotum. A lump or swelling in either testicle. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. Dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen. Pain or discomfort in your scrotum or a testicle. A shrinking testicle (testicular atrophy). […] Delays in diagnosis allow cancer cells time to spread, making the disease harder to treat. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #2 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Testicular cancer may present as a painless scrotal mass, an incidental radiologic finding, posttraumatic symptom, or scrotal pain. Less commonly, presenting symptoms may indicate metastatic disease or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. […] Scrotal ultrasonography is the preferred initial imaging study for evaluating a testicular mass. It can confirm the presence of a mass, determine intra- vs. extratesticular location, and explore the contralateral testis. […] Testicular changes may be detected by the patient or by a sex partner. […] Confirmation of an alternative diagnosis is required to exclude testicular cancer in patients with a scrotal mass. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years.
  • #3 Testicular Cancer: Signs, Symptoms and Treatment
    https://patient.info/cancer/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is a cancer that arises from a testicle (testis). Around half of all cases occur in men aged under 35 but testicular cancer rarely occurs before puberty. It is the most common cancer in men aged 15-44 years. There are about 2,000 new cases in the UK each year. […] The common early symptom of testicular cancer is a painless lump that develops in a testis. […] In most cases, the first symptom noticed is a lump that develops on one testicle. The lump is often painless but some people notice some pain or discomfort coming from the affected testis. […] Sometimes there is general swelling in one of the testicles. If the cancer is not treated and spreads to other parts of the body then various other symptoms can develop. These may include back pain or shortness of breath. […] Treatment often works well, even for testicular cancer that has spread. More than 9 in 10 men with testicular cancer can be cured.
  • #4 Testicular Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563159/
    Testicular cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men aged 15 to 45 years. […] With effective management, the prognosis is excellent with 90% cure rate and 95% five-year survival rate. […] Testicular cancer incidence has doubled over the past 40 years. […] Clinical manifestations of testis cancer from metastatic disease include systemic symptoms: anorexia, malaise, weight loss; pulmonary metastasis: cough or shortness of breath; lymphatic metastasis: cervical or supraclavicular lymphadenopathy; retroperitoneal disease: bulky retroperitoneal disease can present as back pain or may lead to compression on the gonadal veins leading to findings of varicocele; vascular obstruction or thrombosis leading to lower extremity edema; nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage from retroduodenal metastases; central or peripheral nervous system symptoms from the cerebral, spinal cord, or peripheral nerve root involvement. […] Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial since testicular malignancy has excellent cure rates due to high chemo-sensitivity with modern cisplatin-based chemotherapy, radio-sensitivity, and surgical excision with orchiectomy or retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.
  • #5 Testicular cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/symptoms-causes/syc-20352986
    Testicular cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the testicles. The first sign of testicular cancer often is a bump or lump on a testicle. The cancer cells can grow quickly. They often spread outside the testicle to other parts of the body. […] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include: A lump or swelling in either testicle, A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, A dull ache in the lower belly or groin, Sudden swelling in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum, Enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue, Back pain. […] Usually testicular cancer only happens in one testicle.
  • #6 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer thats diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump in your testicle. Other symptoms include: Swelling or sudden fluid build-up in your scrotum. A lump or swelling in either testicle. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. Dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen. Pain or discomfort in your scrotum or a testicle. A shrinking testicle (testicular atrophy). […] Delays in diagnosis allow cancer cells time to spread, making the disease harder to treat. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #7 8 Early Signs of Testicular Cancer | Saint John’s Cancer Institute
    https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/blog/8-early-warning-signs-of-testicular-cancer/
    Testicular cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in young adult men, particularly between ages 30 to 39. […] Testicular cancer is a malignant growth or lump on the testicles. Testicular cancer is most common for males ages 15 to 35. When caught early, testicular cancer is highly treatable. People with testicular cancer may experience a variety of symptoms or signs. […] Usually, an enlarged testicle or a small lump or area of hardness are the first signs of testicular cancer. Any lump, enlargement, hardness, pain, or tenderness should be evaluated by a doctor as soon as possible. Other symptoms of testicular cancer usually do not appear until after the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. […] 8 warning signs and symptoms of testicular cancer: A painless lump or swelling on either testicle. If found early, a testicular tumor may be about the size of a pea or a marble, but it can grow much larger. Pain, discomfort, or numbness in a testicle or the scrotum, with or without swelling. Change in the way a testicle feels or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. Dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin. Sudden buildup of fluid in the scrotum. Breast tenderness or growth. Although rare, some testicular tumors make hormones that cause breast tenderness or growth of breast tissue. Lower back pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, and bloody sputum or phlegm can be symptoms of later-stage testicular cancer. Swelling of 1 or both legs or shortness of breath from a blood clot can be symptoms of testicular cancer. For some young or middle-aged men, developing a blood clot may be the first sign of testicular cancer.
  • #8 Testicular Cancer Symptoms and Treatment
    https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/testicular-cancer/
    Testicular cancer symptoms may vary from patient to patient and may depend on your cancer stage. Not all symptoms are unique to testicular cancer. Some common testicular cancer symptoms could indicate noncancerous conditions such as a hernia, a buildup of fluid, a cyst, an injury, or other health conditions which should also be addressed by a doctor. Common signs of testicular cancer include: […] Lump or swelling in the testicle. When first detected, a testicular tumor may be roughly the size of a pea or a marble, but if not managed, may grow much larger. […] Pain or numbness in the testicle. Discomfort, loss of feeling, or swelling in this area can be associated with testicular cancer. […] Heaviness in the scrotum. Another sign of testicular cancer may involve a change in the density or weight of the scrotum, which contributes to a feeling of heaviness. Testicular cancer can also cause one testicle to grow bigger or smaller than the other.
  • #9 Testicular Cancer | Department of Urology
    https://urology.uw.edu/patient-care/conditions-and-treatments/testicular-cancer
    Most testicular cancer cases are found through a self-examination. In about 90% of cases, men have a lump on a testicle that is often painless but slightly uncomfortable, or they may notice testicular enlargement or swelling. Men with testicular cancer often report a sensation of heaviness or aching in the lower abdomen or scrotum. Lower back pain is a frequent symptom of later-stage testicular cancer. If the cancer has spread to the lungs and is advanced, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, or bloody sputum may develop. Even when testicular cancer has spread to other organs, only about 1 man in 4 may experience symptoms related to the metastases prior to diagnosis. […] It is important to know that a number of noncancerous conditions, such as testicle injury or infection, can produce symptoms similar to those of testicular cancer. Listed below are warning signs that men should watch for: A lump in either testicle; the lump typically is pea-sized, but sometimes it might be as big as a marble or even an egg; Any enlargement of a testicle; A significant shrinking of a testicle; A change in the consistency of a testicle (hardness); A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum; A dull ache in the lower abdomen or in the groin; A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum; Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum; Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts.
  • #10 Testicular cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/symptoms-causes/syc-20352986
    Testicular cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the testicles. The first sign of testicular cancer often is a bump or lump on a testicle. The cancer cells can grow quickly. They often spread outside the testicle to other parts of the body. […] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include: A lump or swelling in either testicle, A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, A dull ache in the lower belly or groin, Sudden swelling in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum, Enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue, Back pain. […] Usually testicular cancer only happens in one testicle.
  • #11 Symptoms of testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/symptoms/
    Testicular cancer usually only affects one testicle, but it can affect both. […] Symptoms of testicular cancer include: a lump or swelling in your testicle, your testicle getting bigger, an ache or pain in your testicle or scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles), your scrotum feeling heavy, firm or hard. […] Other symptoms can include: an ache or pain in your back or lower tummy, losing weight without trying, a cough, difficulty breathing or swallowing, a sore or swollen chest. […] You have a lump or swelling on one or both of your testicles, one or both of your testicles are getting bigger, your scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles) feels heavy, firm or hard, you have an ache or pain in your scrotum or one or both of your testicles, you notice a change in one of both of your testicles that is not normal for you. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have testicular cancer. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by cancer, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.
  • #12 Testicular cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/symptoms-causes/syc-20352986
    Testicular cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the testicles. The first sign of testicular cancer often is a bump or lump on a testicle. The cancer cells can grow quickly. They often spread outside the testicle to other parts of the body. […] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include: A lump or swelling in either testicle, A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, A dull ache in the lower belly or groin, Sudden swelling in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum, Enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue, Back pain. […] Usually testicular cancer only happens in one testicle.
  • #13 Symptoms of testicular cancer, lump on your testicle | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/symptoms
    The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a lump or swelling in your testicle. […] Testicular symptoms to look out for include: a lump or swelling in part of one testicle, a testicle that gets bigger, a heavy scrotum, discomfort or pain in your testicle or scrotum. […] A lump or swelling in part of one testicle is the most common symptom of a testicular cancer. It can be as small as a pea but may be much larger. […] Your scrotum may feel heavy. Or you might notice that your scrotum feels firmer or harder. […] Testicular cancer is not usually painful. But the first symptom for some men is a sharp pain in the testicle or scrotum. […] Sometimes testicular cancer cells can spread into lymph nodes. This can cause backache or a dull ache in the lower tummy. […] If testicular cancer has spread to lymph nodes in other parts of the body you might feel lumps there, such as around the collarbone or in the neck. […] Sometimes testicular cancer spreads to the lungs. If it has spread to the lungs you may have a cough or feel breathless. […] Many testicular cancers make hormones that can show up in blood tests. Occasionally, men with testicular cancer have tender or swollen breasts because of these hormones.
  • #14 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer thats diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump in your testicle. Other symptoms include: Swelling or sudden fluid build-up in your scrotum. A lump or swelling in either testicle. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. Dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen. Pain or discomfort in your scrotum or a testicle. A shrinking testicle (testicular atrophy). […] Delays in diagnosis allow cancer cells time to spread, making the disease harder to treat. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #15 Testicular Cancer – Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/cancers-of-the-kidney-and-genitourinary-tract/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer may cause an enlarged testis or a lump. A testis normally feels like a smooth oval, with the epididymis attached behind and on top. Testicular cancer causes a firm, growing lump in or on the testis. With cancer, the testis loses its normal shape, becoming large, irregular, or bumpy. Although testicular cancer is usually painless, the testis or lump may hurt when lightly touched and may even hurt without being touched. A firm lump on the testis requires prompt medical attention. Occasionally, blood vessels rupture within the tumor, yielding a suddenly enlarged, severely painful swelling. […] Rarely, the first symptoms of testicular cancer that has spread widely (metastatic cancer) are abdominal pain, low back pain, confusion or headaches, shortness of breath, and/or chest pain. […] The prognosis for men with testicular cancer depends on the type and extent of the cancer but is usually excellent if the cancer has not spread. Even if the cancer has spread, cure is often possible.
  • #16 Symptoms of testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/symptoms/
    Testicular cancer usually only affects one testicle, but it can affect both. […] Symptoms of testicular cancer include: a lump or swelling in your testicle, your testicle getting bigger, an ache or pain in your testicle or scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles), your scrotum feeling heavy, firm or hard. […] Other symptoms can include: an ache or pain in your back or lower tummy, losing weight without trying, a cough, difficulty breathing or swallowing, a sore or swollen chest. […] You have a lump or swelling on one or both of your testicles, one or both of your testicles are getting bigger, your scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles) feels heavy, firm or hard, you have an ache or pain in your scrotum or one or both of your testicles, you notice a change in one of both of your testicles that is not normal for you. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have testicular cancer. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by cancer, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.
  • #17 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer thats diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump in your testicle. Other symptoms include: Swelling or sudden fluid build-up in your scrotum. A lump or swelling in either testicle. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. Dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen. Pain or discomfort in your scrotum or a testicle. A shrinking testicle (testicular atrophy). […] Delays in diagnosis allow cancer cells time to spread, making the disease harder to treat. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #18 Symptoms of testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/symptoms/
    Testicular cancer usually only affects one testicle, but it can affect both. […] Symptoms of testicular cancer include: a lump or swelling in your testicle, your testicle getting bigger, an ache or pain in your testicle or scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles), your scrotum feeling heavy, firm or hard. […] Other symptoms can include: an ache or pain in your back or lower tummy, losing weight without trying, a cough, difficulty breathing or swallowing, a sore or swollen chest. […] You have a lump or swelling on one or both of your testicles, one or both of your testicles are getting bigger, your scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles) feels heavy, firm or hard, you have an ache or pain in your scrotum or one or both of your testicles, you notice a change in one of both of your testicles that is not normal for you. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have testicular cancer. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by cancer, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.
  • #19 Signs and Symptoms of Testicular Cancer | Banner Health
    https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/cancer/cancer-type/testicular-cancer/signs-and-symptoms
    Watch for these signs of testicular cancer. They could be caused by conditions other than cancer, but if you notice them and they last more than two weeks, its important to see a health care provider. […] A lump or swelling in either testicle that is often painless. Its important to be familiar with the normal size and shape of your testicles so youll spot any changes. […] Fluid buildup in the scrotum (the sac that contains the testicles). […] Pain, discomfort or a dull ache in the testicle or the scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles). This pain may be there all the time or it may come and go. You may also notice pain in your lower abdomen or groin. […] Changes in testicle texture or firmness, such as hardness or softness. […] Heaviness or tenderness in the scrotum or the testicles.
  • #20 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer thats diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump in your testicle. Other symptoms include: Swelling or sudden fluid build-up in your scrotum. A lump or swelling in either testicle. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. Dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen. Pain or discomfort in your scrotum or a testicle. A shrinking testicle (testicular atrophy). […] Delays in diagnosis allow cancer cells time to spread, making the disease harder to treat. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #21 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | OSF Cancer Institute | OSF HealthCare
    https://www.osfhealthcare.org/services/specialties/cancer/conditions-treatments/conditions/testicular
    Testicular cancer starts in the cells that make up your testicle. It is one of the most curable forms of cancer. […] When cancer spreads, its called metastasis. The more cancer spreads (metastasizes), the harder it is to treat. […] If you have testicular cancer, you may notice certain warning signs. But you can also have testicular cancer without having any symptoms. These are some of the possible symptoms: A lump on your testicle (the lump is often painless, but it can be uncomfortable), Swelling of a testicle or a change in how it feels, Sudden fluid buildup in the scrotum, A feeling of heaviness or aching in the scrotum or lower belly (abdomen), Swelling in your breasts (this is rare but can be caused by hormone changes linked to the cancer), Pain in your lower back, which can be a sign that testicular cancer may have spread to your lymph nodes, Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough, which can be signs that testicular cancer may have spread to your lungs, In rare cases, you may have no symptoms other than infertility tests. A test to find out why you are infertile may lead to diagnosing testicular cancer.
  • #22 Symptoms of testicular cancer, lump on your testicle | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/symptoms
    The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a lump or swelling in your testicle. […] Testicular symptoms to look out for include: a lump or swelling in part of one testicle, a testicle that gets bigger, a heavy scrotum, discomfort or pain in your testicle or scrotum. […] A lump or swelling in part of one testicle is the most common symptom of a testicular cancer. It can be as small as a pea but may be much larger. […] Your scrotum may feel heavy. Or you might notice that your scrotum feels firmer or harder. […] Testicular cancer is not usually painful. But the first symptom for some men is a sharp pain in the testicle or scrotum. […] Sometimes testicular cancer cells can spread into lymph nodes. This can cause backache or a dull ache in the lower tummy. […] If testicular cancer has spread to lymph nodes in other parts of the body you might feel lumps there, such as around the collarbone or in the neck. […] Sometimes testicular cancer spreads to the lungs. If it has spread to the lungs you may have a cough or feel breathless. […] Many testicular cancers make hormones that can show up in blood tests. Occasionally, men with testicular cancer have tender or swollen breasts because of these hormones.
  • #23 Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
    Lump or swelling in the testicle. […] Most often, the first symptom of testicular cancer is a lump on the testicle, or the testicle becomes swollen or larger. […] Some testicular tumors might cause pain, but most of the time they don’t. […] Men with testicular cancer can also have a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower belly (abdomen) or scrotum. […] Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer. […] Even if testicular cancer has spread to other parts of the body, many men might not have symptoms right away. […] But some men might have some of the following: Low back pain, from cancer spread to the lymph nodes (bean-sized collections of immune cells) in back of the belly. […] Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough (even coughing up blood) may develop from cancer spread in the lungs. […] Belly pain, either from enlarged lymph nodes or because the cancer has spread to the liver. […] Headaches or confusion, from cancer spread in the brain.
  • #24 Testicular cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/symptoms-causes/syc-20352986
    Testicular cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the testicles. The first sign of testicular cancer often is a bump or lump on a testicle. The cancer cells can grow quickly. They often spread outside the testicle to other parts of the body. […] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include: A lump or swelling in either testicle, A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, A dull ache in the lower belly or groin, Sudden swelling in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum, Enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue, Back pain. […] Usually testicular cancer only happens in one testicle.
  • #25 Symptoms of testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/symptoms/
    Testicular cancer usually only affects one testicle, but it can affect both. […] Symptoms of testicular cancer include: a lump or swelling in your testicle, your testicle getting bigger, an ache or pain in your testicle or scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles), your scrotum feeling heavy, firm or hard. […] Other symptoms can include: an ache or pain in your back or lower tummy, losing weight without trying, a cough, difficulty breathing or swallowing, a sore or swollen chest. […] You have a lump or swelling on one or both of your testicles, one or both of your testicles are getting bigger, your scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles) feels heavy, firm or hard, you have an ache or pain in your scrotum or one or both of your testicles, you notice a change in one of both of your testicles that is not normal for you. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have testicular cancer. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by cancer, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.
  • #26 Testicular cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/symptoms-causes/syc-20352986
    Testicular cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the testicles. The first sign of testicular cancer often is a bump or lump on a testicle. The cancer cells can grow quickly. They often spread outside the testicle to other parts of the body. […] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include: A lump or swelling in either testicle, A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, A dull ache in the lower belly or groin, Sudden swelling in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum, Enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue, Back pain. […] Usually testicular cancer only happens in one testicle.
  • #27 Testicular cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/symptoms-causes/syc-20352986
    Testicular cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the testicles. The first sign of testicular cancer often is a bump or lump on a testicle. The cancer cells can grow quickly. They often spread outside the testicle to other parts of the body. […] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include: A lump or swelling in either testicle, A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, A dull ache in the lower belly or groin, Sudden swelling in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum, Enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue, Back pain. […] Usually testicular cancer only happens in one testicle.
  • #28 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    Symptoms may include a lump in the testicle or swelling or pain in the scrotum. […] One of the first signs of testicular cancer is often a lump or swelling in the testes. […] Symptoms may also include one or more of the following: a lump in one testis which may or may not be painful, sharp pain or a dull ache in the lower abdomen or scrotum, a feeling often described as „heaviness” in the scrotum, firmness of the testicle, breast enlargement (gynecomastia) from hormonal effects of -hCG, low back pain (lumbago) due to the cancer spreading to the lymph nodes along the back. […] It is not very common for testicular cancer to spread to other organs, apart from the lungs. If it has, however, the following symptoms may be present: shortness of breath (dyspnea), cough or coughing up blood (hemoptysis) from metastatic spread to the lungs, a lump in the neck due to metastases to the lymph nodes.
  • #29 Symptoms of testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/signs-and-symptoms
    Testicular cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms in its early stages. Signs and symptoms often appear as the tumour grows and causes changes in the body. Other health conditions can cause the same symptoms as testicular cancer. […] See your doctor if you have these signs or symptoms: […] painless lump in the testicle […] swelling so the testicle is larger than usual […] pain or dull ache in the testicle or scrotum […] feeling of heaviness in the scrotum or abdomen […] buildup of fluid in the scrotum […] pain in the back or abdomen […] breast soreness or growth (called gynecomastia) […] enlarged lymph nodes in the neck […] trouble breathing or shortness of breath […] cough, sometimes with blood (called hemoptysis) […] chest pain […] trouble swallowing […] swelling in the chest […] buildup of fluid around the lungs (called pleural effusion) […] weight loss […] signs of puberty in boys, such as the voice getting deeper or growth of facial and body hair, at an earlier age than expected […] infertility […] headaches.
  • #30 Testicular cancer symptoms: What you should know | MD Anderson Cancer Center
    https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/testicular-cancer-symptoms–what-you-should-know.h16-1592202.html
    Knowing your body and recognizing symptoms can help you detect testicular cancer early, when its easiest to treat. […] Testicular cancer is relatively rare. There are about 8,800 cases reported in the United States each year. Like all cancers, the earlier its detected, the easier it is to treat. […] The most common testicular cancer symptom is painless swelling or a lump. Other symptoms include: Change in consistency of the testicles, Feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, Dull ache in the lower abdomen or the groin, Sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum, Breast growth or loss of sexual desire, Growth of facial and body hair at an abnormally young age, Lower back pain if cancer spreads, Sudden severe shortness of breath or a bloody cough, Unexplained fevers, weight loss or night sweats. […] Testicular cancer treatment success rates are high. About 95% of cases can be cured. But men with testicular cancer diagnosed in later, more advanced stages have worse outcomes. Recognizing and acting on cancer symptoms can keep you from having to undergo more extensive testicular cancer treatment.
  • #31 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | OSF Cancer Institute | OSF HealthCare
    https://www.osfhealthcare.org/services/specialties/cancer/conditions-treatments/conditions/testicular
    Testicular cancer and its treatment may affect your fertility, the way your scrotum looks and your interest in sex. Talk about this before starting treatment. […] Testicular cancer staging is how much and how far the cancer has spread in your body. Your health care provider uses exams and tests to determine the cancers size and location. They can also see if the cancer has spread. The stage of a cancer is one of the most important things to know when deciding how to treat the cancer. […] The goal of testicular cancer treatment is to do one or more of these things: Remove the testicle with cancer in it, Remove or destroy tumors in other parts of the body, Kill cancer cells or keep them from growing and spreading, Keep the cancer from coming back or delaying its return, Ease symptoms from the cancer, such as pain or pressure on organs. […] Yes. Survivability largely depends on the stage of cancer. Because testicular cancer can typically be diagnosed and treated early, the testicular cancer survival rate is high. The American Cancer Society reports the risk of dying from testicular cancer at one in 5,000.
  • #32 7 Warning Signs of Testicular Cancer
    https://health.clevelandclinic.org/signs-of-testicular-cancer
    Your scrotum and testicles can become swollen. They may appear red and seem larger. And you may also have fluid backup in your scrotum. […] Certain types of testicular tumors can reduce testosterone or increase estrogen in the body, which can result in a change in testicle size or firmness. This can include a shrinking testicle, known as testicular atrophy. […] When a tumor spreads to a lymph node, it can constrict blood flow in the veins and result in a blood clot. The clots often occur in your legs, which causes them to swell. […] These are symptoms of advanced testicular cancer, meaning the cancer has spread to lymph nodes behind your stomach. Shortness of breath also may signal that the cancer has spread to your lungs, which may make it harder for air to move in and out. […] In rare cases, hormone changes also can cause breast tenderness or growth of breast tissue. Some tumors can secrete high levels of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which stimulates breast development.
  • #33 Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
    Lump or swelling in the testicle. […] Most often, the first symptom of testicular cancer is a lump on the testicle, or the testicle becomes swollen or larger. […] Some testicular tumors might cause pain, but most of the time they don’t. […] Men with testicular cancer can also have a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower belly (abdomen) or scrotum. […] Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer. […] Even if testicular cancer has spread to other parts of the body, many men might not have symptoms right away. […] But some men might have some of the following: Low back pain, from cancer spread to the lymph nodes (bean-sized collections of immune cells) in back of the belly. […] Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough (even coughing up blood) may develop from cancer spread in the lungs. […] Belly pain, either from enlarged lymph nodes or because the cancer has spread to the liver. […] Headaches or confusion, from cancer spread in the brain.
  • #34 Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
    Lump or swelling in the testicle. […] Most often, the first symptom of testicular cancer is a lump on the testicle, or the testicle becomes swollen or larger. […] Some testicular tumors might cause pain, but most of the time they don’t. […] Men with testicular cancer can also have a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower belly (abdomen) or scrotum. […] Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer. […] Even if testicular cancer has spread to other parts of the body, many men might not have symptoms right away. […] But some men might have some of the following: Low back pain, from cancer spread to the lymph nodes (bean-sized collections of immune cells) in back of the belly. […] Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough (even coughing up blood) may develop from cancer spread in the lungs. […] Belly pain, either from enlarged lymph nodes or because the cancer has spread to the liver. […] Headaches or confusion, from cancer spread in the brain.
  • #35 Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
    Lump or swelling in the testicle. […] Most often, the first symptom of testicular cancer is a lump on the testicle, or the testicle becomes swollen or larger. […] Some testicular tumors might cause pain, but most of the time they don’t. […] Men with testicular cancer can also have a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower belly (abdomen) or scrotum. […] Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer. […] Even if testicular cancer has spread to other parts of the body, many men might not have symptoms right away. […] But some men might have some of the following: Low back pain, from cancer spread to the lymph nodes (bean-sized collections of immune cells) in back of the belly. […] Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough (even coughing up blood) may develop from cancer spread in the lungs. […] Belly pain, either from enlarged lymph nodes or because the cancer has spread to the liver. […] Headaches or confusion, from cancer spread in the brain.
  • #36 Late Stage Testicular Cancer: Symptoms and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/late-stage-testicular-cancer-symptoms
    Late stage (stage 3) testicular cancer has spread beyond your testicle to surrounding or distant tissues. […] Testicular cancer often doesnt cause symptoms in the early stages. A lump or swelling around your testicle is usually the first symptom, but some people dont have any symptoms until the cancer spreads to other tissues and causes problems like difficulty breathing. […] The most common initial symptom of testicular cancer is swelling or a lump in one of your testicles. […] Other early symptoms can include: increased firmness in a testicle, a noticeable difference in the shape or size of your testicles, a dull ache in a testicle or your scrotum, which may come and go, heaviness in your scrotum, enlargement of breast tissue, early puberty in boys. […] Later signs and symptoms depend on where your cancer spreads. They can include: lung symptoms, such as a persistent cough, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, a lump or swelling in your neck, chest, pelvis, lower back or abdominal pain, brain symptoms, such as confusion, difficulty focusing, difficulty with movement, headaches.
  • #37 Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
    Lump or swelling in the testicle. […] Most often, the first symptom of testicular cancer is a lump on the testicle, or the testicle becomes swollen or larger. […] Some testicular tumors might cause pain, but most of the time they don’t. […] Men with testicular cancer can also have a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower belly (abdomen) or scrotum. […] Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer. […] Even if testicular cancer has spread to other parts of the body, many men might not have symptoms right away. […] But some men might have some of the following: Low back pain, from cancer spread to the lymph nodes (bean-sized collections of immune cells) in back of the belly. […] Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough (even coughing up blood) may develop from cancer spread in the lungs. […] Belly pain, either from enlarged lymph nodes or because the cancer has spread to the liver. […] Headaches or confusion, from cancer spread in the brain.
  • #38 Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
    Lump or swelling in the testicle. […] Most often, the first symptom of testicular cancer is a lump on the testicle, or the testicle becomes swollen or larger. […] Some testicular tumors might cause pain, but most of the time they don’t. […] Men with testicular cancer can also have a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower belly (abdomen) or scrotum. […] Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer. […] Even if testicular cancer has spread to other parts of the body, many men might not have symptoms right away. […] But some men might have some of the following: Low back pain, from cancer spread to the lymph nodes (bean-sized collections of immune cells) in back of the belly. […] Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough (even coughing up blood) may develop from cancer spread in the lungs. […] Belly pain, either from enlarged lymph nodes or because the cancer has spread to the liver. […] Headaches or confusion, from cancer spread in the brain.
  • #39 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    Symptoms may include a lump in the testicle or swelling or pain in the scrotum. […] One of the first signs of testicular cancer is often a lump or swelling in the testes. […] Symptoms may also include one or more of the following: a lump in one testis which may or may not be painful, sharp pain or a dull ache in the lower abdomen or scrotum, a feeling often described as „heaviness” in the scrotum, firmness of the testicle, breast enlargement (gynecomastia) from hormonal effects of -hCG, low back pain (lumbago) due to the cancer spreading to the lymph nodes along the back. […] It is not very common for testicular cancer to spread to other organs, apart from the lungs. If it has, however, the following symptoms may be present: shortness of breath (dyspnea), cough or coughing up blood (hemoptysis) from metastatic spread to the lungs, a lump in the neck due to metastases to the lymph nodes.
  • #40 Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
    Lump or swelling in the testicle. […] Most often, the first symptom of testicular cancer is a lump on the testicle, or the testicle becomes swollen or larger. […] Some testicular tumors might cause pain, but most of the time they don’t. […] Men with testicular cancer can also have a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower belly (abdomen) or scrotum. […] Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer. […] Even if testicular cancer has spread to other parts of the body, many men might not have symptoms right away. […] But some men might have some of the following: Low back pain, from cancer spread to the lymph nodes (bean-sized collections of immune cells) in back of the belly. […] Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough (even coughing up blood) may develop from cancer spread in the lungs. […] Belly pain, either from enlarged lymph nodes or because the cancer has spread to the liver. […] Headaches or confusion, from cancer spread in the brain.
  • #41 Late Stage Testicular Cancer: Symptoms and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/late-stage-testicular-cancer-symptoms
    Late stage (stage 3) testicular cancer has spread beyond your testicle to surrounding or distant tissues. […] Testicular cancer often doesnt cause symptoms in the early stages. A lump or swelling around your testicle is usually the first symptom, but some people dont have any symptoms until the cancer spreads to other tissues and causes problems like difficulty breathing. […] The most common initial symptom of testicular cancer is swelling or a lump in one of your testicles. […] Other early symptoms can include: increased firmness in a testicle, a noticeable difference in the shape or size of your testicles, a dull ache in a testicle or your scrotum, which may come and go, heaviness in your scrotum, enlargement of breast tissue, early puberty in boys. […] Later signs and symptoms depend on where your cancer spreads. They can include: lung symptoms, such as a persistent cough, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, a lump or swelling in your neck, chest, pelvis, lower back or abdominal pain, brain symptoms, such as confusion, difficulty focusing, difficulty with movement, headaches.
  • #42 Symptoms of testicular cancer, lump on your testicle | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/symptoms
    The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a lump or swelling in your testicle. […] Testicular symptoms to look out for include: a lump or swelling in part of one testicle, a testicle that gets bigger, a heavy scrotum, discomfort or pain in your testicle or scrotum. […] A lump or swelling in part of one testicle is the most common symptom of a testicular cancer. It can be as small as a pea but may be much larger. […] Your scrotum may feel heavy. Or you might notice that your scrotum feels firmer or harder. […] Testicular cancer is not usually painful. But the first symptom for some men is a sharp pain in the testicle or scrotum. […] Sometimes testicular cancer cells can spread into lymph nodes. This can cause backache or a dull ache in the lower tummy. […] If testicular cancer has spread to lymph nodes in other parts of the body you might feel lumps there, such as around the collarbone or in the neck. […] Sometimes testicular cancer spreads to the lungs. If it has spread to the lungs you may have a cough or feel breathless. […] Many testicular cancers make hormones that can show up in blood tests. Occasionally, men with testicular cancer have tender or swollen breasts because of these hormones.
  • #43 Symptoms of testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/signs-and-symptoms
    Testicular cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms in its early stages. Signs and symptoms often appear as the tumour grows and causes changes in the body. Other health conditions can cause the same symptoms as testicular cancer. […] See your doctor if you have these signs or symptoms: […] painless lump in the testicle […] swelling so the testicle is larger than usual […] pain or dull ache in the testicle or scrotum […] feeling of heaviness in the scrotum or abdomen […] buildup of fluid in the scrotum […] pain in the back or abdomen […] breast soreness or growth (called gynecomastia) […] enlarged lymph nodes in the neck […] trouble breathing or shortness of breath […] cough, sometimes with blood (called hemoptysis) […] chest pain […] trouble swallowing […] swelling in the chest […] buildup of fluid around the lungs (called pleural effusion) […] weight loss […] signs of puberty in boys, such as the voice getting deeper or growth of facial and body hair, at an earlier age than expected […] infertility […] headaches.
  • #44 8 Early Signs of Testicular Cancer | Saint John’s Cancer Institute
    https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/blog/8-early-warning-signs-of-testicular-cancer/
    Testicular cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in young adult men, particularly between ages 30 to 39. […] Testicular cancer is a malignant growth or lump on the testicles. Testicular cancer is most common for males ages 15 to 35. When caught early, testicular cancer is highly treatable. People with testicular cancer may experience a variety of symptoms or signs. […] Usually, an enlarged testicle or a small lump or area of hardness are the first signs of testicular cancer. Any lump, enlargement, hardness, pain, or tenderness should be evaluated by a doctor as soon as possible. Other symptoms of testicular cancer usually do not appear until after the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. […] 8 warning signs and symptoms of testicular cancer: A painless lump or swelling on either testicle. If found early, a testicular tumor may be about the size of a pea or a marble, but it can grow much larger. Pain, discomfort, or numbness in a testicle or the scrotum, with or without swelling. Change in the way a testicle feels or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. Dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin. Sudden buildup of fluid in the scrotum. Breast tenderness or growth. Although rare, some testicular tumors make hormones that cause breast tenderness or growth of breast tissue. Lower back pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, and bloody sputum or phlegm can be symptoms of later-stage testicular cancer. Swelling of 1 or both legs or shortness of breath from a blood clot can be symptoms of testicular cancer. For some young or middle-aged men, developing a blood clot may be the first sign of testicular cancer.
  • #45 7 Warning Signs of Testicular Cancer
    https://health.clevelandclinic.org/signs-of-testicular-cancer
    Your scrotum and testicles can become swollen. They may appear red and seem larger. And you may also have fluid backup in your scrotum. […] Certain types of testicular tumors can reduce testosterone or increase estrogen in the body, which can result in a change in testicle size or firmness. This can include a shrinking testicle, known as testicular atrophy. […] When a tumor spreads to a lymph node, it can constrict blood flow in the veins and result in a blood clot. The clots often occur in your legs, which causes them to swell. […] These are symptoms of advanced testicular cancer, meaning the cancer has spread to lymph nodes behind your stomach. Shortness of breath also may signal that the cancer has spread to your lungs, which may make it harder for air to move in and out. […] In rare cases, hormone changes also can cause breast tenderness or growth of breast tissue. Some tumors can secrete high levels of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which stimulates breast development.
  • #46 Symptoms of testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/symptoms/
    Testicular cancer usually only affects one testicle, but it can affect both. […] Symptoms of testicular cancer include: a lump or swelling in your testicle, your testicle getting bigger, an ache or pain in your testicle or scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles), your scrotum feeling heavy, firm or hard. […] Other symptoms can include: an ache or pain in your back or lower tummy, losing weight without trying, a cough, difficulty breathing or swallowing, a sore or swollen chest. […] You have a lump or swelling on one or both of your testicles, one or both of your testicles are getting bigger, your scrotum (the skin that covers the testicles) feels heavy, firm or hard, you have an ache or pain in your scrotum or one or both of your testicles, you notice a change in one of both of your testicles that is not normal for you. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have testicular cancer. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by cancer, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.
  • #47 Testicular cancer symptoms: What you should know | MD Anderson Cancer Center
    https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/testicular-cancer-symptoms–what-you-should-know.h16-1592202.html
    Knowing your body and recognizing symptoms can help you detect testicular cancer early, when its easiest to treat. […] Testicular cancer is relatively rare. There are about 8,800 cases reported in the United States each year. Like all cancers, the earlier its detected, the easier it is to treat. […] The most common testicular cancer symptom is painless swelling or a lump. Other symptoms include: Change in consistency of the testicles, Feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, Dull ache in the lower abdomen or the groin, Sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum, Breast growth or loss of sexual desire, Growth of facial and body hair at an abnormally young age, Lower back pain if cancer spreads, Sudden severe shortness of breath or a bloody cough, Unexplained fevers, weight loss or night sweats. […] Testicular cancer treatment success rates are high. About 95% of cases can be cured. But men with testicular cancer diagnosed in later, more advanced stages have worse outcomes. Recognizing and acting on cancer symptoms can keep you from having to undergo more extensive testicular cancer treatment.
  • #48 8 Early Signs of Testicular Cancer | Saint John’s Cancer Institute
    https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/blog/8-early-warning-signs-of-testicular-cancer/
    Testicular cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in young adult men, particularly between ages 30 to 39. […] Testicular cancer is a malignant growth or lump on the testicles. Testicular cancer is most common for males ages 15 to 35. When caught early, testicular cancer is highly treatable. People with testicular cancer may experience a variety of symptoms or signs. […] Usually, an enlarged testicle or a small lump or area of hardness are the first signs of testicular cancer. Any lump, enlargement, hardness, pain, or tenderness should be evaluated by a doctor as soon as possible. Other symptoms of testicular cancer usually do not appear until after the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. […] 8 warning signs and symptoms of testicular cancer: A painless lump or swelling on either testicle. If found early, a testicular tumor may be about the size of a pea or a marble, but it can grow much larger. Pain, discomfort, or numbness in a testicle or the scrotum, with or without swelling. Change in the way a testicle feels or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. Dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin. Sudden buildup of fluid in the scrotum. Breast tenderness or growth. Although rare, some testicular tumors make hormones that cause breast tenderness or growth of breast tissue. Lower back pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, and bloody sputum or phlegm can be symptoms of later-stage testicular cancer. Swelling of 1 or both legs or shortness of breath from a blood clot can be symptoms of testicular cancer. For some young or middle-aged men, developing a blood clot may be the first sign of testicular cancer.
  • #49 Stages of Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Staging | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html
    After someone is diagnosed with testicular cancer, doctors will try to figure out if it has spread, and if so, how far. This process is called staging. The stage of a cancer describes how much cancer is in the body. It helps determine how serious the cancer is and how best to treat it. […] The earliest stage of testicular cancer is stage 0 (also called germ cell neoplasia in situ, or GCNIS). […] As a rule, the lower the number, the less the cancer has spread. A higher number, such as stage III, means cancer has spread more. […] Testicular cancer staging can be complex, so ask your doctor to explain it to you in a way you understand.
  • #50 Stages of Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Staging | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html
    After someone is diagnosed with testicular cancer, doctors will try to figure out if it has spread, and if so, how far. This process is called staging. The stage of a cancer describes how much cancer is in the body. It helps determine how serious the cancer is and how best to treat it. […] The earliest stage of testicular cancer is stage 0 (also called germ cell neoplasia in situ, or GCNIS). […] As a rule, the lower the number, the less the cancer has spread. A higher number, such as stage III, means cancer has spread more. […] Testicular cancer staging can be complex, so ask your doctor to explain it to you in a way you understand.
  • #51 Stages of Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Staging | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html
    After someone is diagnosed with testicular cancer, doctors will try to figure out if it has spread, and if so, how far. This process is called staging. The stage of a cancer describes how much cancer is in the body. It helps determine how serious the cancer is and how best to treat it. […] The earliest stage of testicular cancer is stage 0 (also called germ cell neoplasia in situ, or GCNIS). […] As a rule, the lower the number, the less the cancer has spread. A higher number, such as stage III, means cancer has spread more. […] Testicular cancer staging can be complex, so ask your doctor to explain it to you in a way you understand.
  • #52 Stages of testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/stages-tnm
    Stage 1 is the earliest stage of testicular cancer. The cancer is only in the testicle and hasn’t spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs. […] In stage 2 the cancer cells have spread from the testicle into nearby lymph nodes in your tummy (abdomen) or pelvis. […] Stage 3 testicular cancer means that the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.
  • #53 Stages of testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/stages-tnm
    Stage 1 is the earliest stage of testicular cancer. The cancer is only in the testicle and hasn’t spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs. […] In stage 2 the cancer cells have spread from the testicle into nearby lymph nodes in your tummy (abdomen) or pelvis. […] Stage 3 testicular cancer means that the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.
  • #54 Testicular cancer stages: Descriptions, treatment, and outlook
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-testicular-cancer
    There are four main stages of testicular cancer. In the initial stages, precancerous cells are present in the testicles. In later stages, the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body. […] In its earlier stages, symptoms may only affect the testicles. For instance, a person might experience testicular pain, growths, or swelling. […] However, the American Cancer Society (ACS) notes that testicular cancer can manifest in many ways if it reaches other organs. These symptoms can include shortness of breath, back pain, abdominal pain, and headaches. […] Although treatment is effective at any stage, a persons outlook is better if the cancer is treated in the earlier stages. […] In stage 1 testicular cancer, cancer has formed in the testicle. […] In stage 2 testicular cancer, the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
  • #55 Stages of testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/stages-tnm
    Stage 1 is the earliest stage of testicular cancer. The cancer is only in the testicle and hasn’t spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs. […] In stage 2 the cancer cells have spread from the testicle into nearby lymph nodes in your tummy (abdomen) or pelvis. […] Stage 3 testicular cancer means that the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.
  • #56 Testicular cancer stages: Descriptions, treatment, and outlook
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-testicular-cancer
    There are four main stages of testicular cancer. In the initial stages, precancerous cells are present in the testicles. In later stages, the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body. […] In its earlier stages, symptoms may only affect the testicles. For instance, a person might experience testicular pain, growths, or swelling. […] However, the American Cancer Society (ACS) notes that testicular cancer can manifest in many ways if it reaches other organs. These symptoms can include shortness of breath, back pain, abdominal pain, and headaches. […] Although treatment is effective at any stage, a persons outlook is better if the cancer is treated in the earlier stages. […] In stage 1 testicular cancer, cancer has formed in the testicle. […] In stage 2 testicular cancer, the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
  • #57 Stages of testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/stages-tnm
    Stage 1 is the earliest stage of testicular cancer. The cancer is only in the testicle and hasn’t spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs. […] In stage 2 the cancer cells have spread from the testicle into nearby lymph nodes in your tummy (abdomen) or pelvis. […] Stage 3 testicular cancer means that the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.
  • #58 Testicular cancer stages: Descriptions, treatment, and outlook
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-testicular-cancer
    In stage 3 testicular cancer, the cancer may have spread into the spermatic cord or the scrotum. […] The outlook for people with testicular cancer is positive: The 5-year survival rate for testicular cancer is over 95%, and the overall cure rate is roughly 90%. […] In the earliest stages of testicular cancer, there are only a few abnormal cells in the testicles, and tumor markers are normal. But as the cancer develops, this can change. For instance, tumor markers may increase, and the cancer can spread throughout the testicles. […] Untreated testicular cancer makes its way into lymph nodes or even spreads to distant organs. The outlook for people with this type of cancer decreases as the cancer advances. However, treatment for testicular cancer is extremely effective.
  • #59 Stages of Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Staging | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html
    After someone is diagnosed with testicular cancer, doctors will try to figure out if it has spread, and if so, how far. This process is called staging. The stage of a cancer describes how much cancer is in the body. It helps determine how serious the cancer is and how best to treat it. […] The earliest stage of testicular cancer is stage 0 (also called germ cell neoplasia in situ, or GCNIS). […] As a rule, the lower the number, the less the cancer has spread. A higher number, such as stage III, means cancer has spread more. […] Testicular cancer staging can be complex, so ask your doctor to explain it to you in a way you understand.
  • #60 Testicular cancer | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council
    https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer may cause no symptoms. The most common symptom is a painless swelling or a lump in a testicle or a change in size or shape. […] Less common symptoms include: feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, feeling of unevenness, pain or ache in the lower abdomen, the testicle or scrotum, back pain, enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue (due to hormones created by cancer cells). […] If found early, testicular cancer is one of the most curable cancers. […] Stage 1 means the cancer is found only in the testicle, stage 2 means it has spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen or pelvis, and stage 3 means the cancer has spread beyond the lymph nodes to other areas of the body such as the lungs and liver. […] All testicular cancers can be treated and most testicular cancers are successfully treated.
  • #61 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | OSF Cancer Institute | OSF HealthCare
    https://www.osfhealthcare.org/services/specialties/cancer/conditions-treatments/conditions/testicular
    Testicular cancer and its treatment may affect your fertility, the way your scrotum looks and your interest in sex. Talk about this before starting treatment. […] Testicular cancer staging is how much and how far the cancer has spread in your body. Your health care provider uses exams and tests to determine the cancers size and location. They can also see if the cancer has spread. The stage of a cancer is one of the most important things to know when deciding how to treat the cancer. […] The goal of testicular cancer treatment is to do one or more of these things: Remove the testicle with cancer in it, Remove or destroy tumors in other parts of the body, Kill cancer cells or keep them from growing and spreading, Keep the cancer from coming back or delaying its return, Ease symptoms from the cancer, such as pain or pressure on organs. […] Yes. Survivability largely depends on the stage of cancer. Because testicular cancer can typically be diagnosed and treated early, the testicular cancer survival rate is high. The American Cancer Society reports the risk of dying from testicular cancer at one in 5,000.
  • #62 Testicular cancer stages: Descriptions, treatment, and outlook
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-testicular-cancer
    In stage 3 testicular cancer, the cancer may have spread into the spermatic cord or the scrotum. […] The outlook for people with testicular cancer is positive: The 5-year survival rate for testicular cancer is over 95%, and the overall cure rate is roughly 90%. […] In the earliest stages of testicular cancer, there are only a few abnormal cells in the testicles, and tumor markers are normal. But as the cancer develops, this can change. For instance, tumor markers may increase, and the cancer can spread throughout the testicles. […] Untreated testicular cancer makes its way into lymph nodes or even spreads to distant organs. The outlook for people with this type of cancer decreases as the cancer advances. However, treatment for testicular cancer is extremely effective.
  • #63 Testicular Cancer: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
    https://www.healthline.com/health/testicular-cancer
    The two most common types of testicular cancer are: Seminoma tumors, which tend to develop more slowly than nonseminoma tumors. Seminoma tumors are usually found only in the testicles and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body. […] Nonseminoma tumors, which are more aggressive and more likely to spread relative to seminoma cancers. Nonseminoma tumors tend to spread lymphatically, which means they can spread to the lymph nodes. […] The survival rate for testicular cancer is very high. Overall, 95 percent of people diagnosed with testicular cancer will survive.
  • #64 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment – University Cancer & Blood Center
    https://www.universitycancer.com/testicular-cancer-diagnosis-and-treatment/
    The most common sign of testicular cancer is a lump in the testicle. Other symptoms may include swelling, a feeling of weight in the testicles, or a dull persistent ache or pain in the scrotum, testicle, or groin area. Should you notice a bump in your testicles, contact your doctor promptly. […] Diagnosing the type of testicular cancer and its stage is important for determining the proper treatment course. Seminoma testicular cancer typically happens at older ages and usually spreads slowly. Nonseminoma cancers tend to develop earlier and spread more rapidly. […] The best treatment option will depend on the type and stage of testicular cancer you are diagnosed with. For testicular cancer in a very early stage, surveillance may be recommended, which involves routine blood tests and imaging appropriately scheduled by your doctor. In the case of more advanced stages, surgery may be performed to remove the tumor or the testicle. Lymph node dissection may also be performed, as well as radiation and chemotherapy for cancers that have spread to other areas of the body.
  • #65 Testicular Cancer: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
    https://www.healthline.com/health/testicular-cancer
    The two most common types of testicular cancer are: Seminoma tumors, which tend to develop more slowly than nonseminoma tumors. Seminoma tumors are usually found only in the testicles and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body. […] Nonseminoma tumors, which are more aggressive and more likely to spread relative to seminoma cancers. Nonseminoma tumors tend to spread lymphatically, which means they can spread to the lymph nodes. […] The survival rate for testicular cancer is very high. Overall, 95 percent of people diagnosed with testicular cancer will survive.
  • #66 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment – University Cancer & Blood Center
    https://www.universitycancer.com/testicular-cancer-diagnosis-and-treatment/
    The most common sign of testicular cancer is a lump in the testicle. Other symptoms may include swelling, a feeling of weight in the testicles, or a dull persistent ache or pain in the scrotum, testicle, or groin area. Should you notice a bump in your testicles, contact your doctor promptly. […] Diagnosing the type of testicular cancer and its stage is important for determining the proper treatment course. Seminoma testicular cancer typically happens at older ages and usually spreads slowly. Nonseminoma cancers tend to develop earlier and spread more rapidly. […] The best treatment option will depend on the type and stage of testicular cancer you are diagnosed with. For testicular cancer in a very early stage, surveillance may be recommended, which involves routine blood tests and imaging appropriately scheduled by your doctor. In the case of more advanced stages, surgery may be performed to remove the tumor or the testicle. Lymph node dissection may also be performed, as well as radiation and chemotherapy for cancers that have spread to other areas of the body.
  • #67 Testicular Cancer: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
    https://www.healthline.com/health/testicular-cancer
    The two most common types of testicular cancer are: Seminoma tumors, which tend to develop more slowly than nonseminoma tumors. Seminoma tumors are usually found only in the testicles and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body. […] Nonseminoma tumors, which are more aggressive and more likely to spread relative to seminoma cancers. Nonseminoma tumors tend to spread lymphatically, which means they can spread to the lymph nodes. […] The survival rate for testicular cancer is very high. Overall, 95 percent of people diagnosed with testicular cancer will survive.
  • #68 Testicular Cancer: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
    https://www.healthline.com/health/testicular-cancer
    The two most common types of testicular cancer are: Seminoma tumors, which tend to develop more slowly than nonseminoma tumors. Seminoma tumors are usually found only in the testicles and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body. […] Nonseminoma tumors, which are more aggressive and more likely to spread relative to seminoma cancers. Nonseminoma tumors tend to spread lymphatically, which means they can spread to the lymph nodes. […] The survival rate for testicular cancer is very high. Overall, 95 percent of people diagnosed with testicular cancer will survive.
  • #69 Testicular cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/symptoms-causes/syc-20352986
    Testicular cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the testicles. The first sign of testicular cancer often is a bump or lump on a testicle. The cancer cells can grow quickly. They often spread outside the testicle to other parts of the body. […] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include: A lump or swelling in either testicle, A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, A dull ache in the lower belly or groin, Sudden swelling in the scrotum, Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum, Enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue, Back pain. […] Usually testicular cancer only happens in one testicle.
  • #70 What are the five warning signs of testicular cancer? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY
    https://www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/202404/what-are-five-warning-signs-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer occurs when cells in one or both of the testicles begin to grow erratically and become malignant. […] Testicular cancer grows very rapidly. […] Testicular cancer pain can vary and usually feels more like an ache than a sharp pain. You should contact your doctor if you experience any of the following: Swelling, pain or discomfort in the scrotum; A lump or swelling in either testicle, usually painless; Pain or discomfort in a testicle; A change in how a testicle feels; A dull ache or heaviness in your lower abdomen or groin. […] While those symptoms may mean you have cancer, other warning signs could suggest that you have cancer in a more advanced cancer stage. These include: Fatigue; Significant weight loss; An increase in the HCG hormone, which leads to painful swelling in the breast; Shortness of breath, from testicular cancer spreading to the lungs; A mass in the abdomen.
  • #71 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer thats diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump in your testicle. Other symptoms include: Swelling or sudden fluid build-up in your scrotum. A lump or swelling in either testicle. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. Dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen. Pain or discomfort in your scrotum or a testicle. A shrinking testicle (testicular atrophy). […] Delays in diagnosis allow cancer cells time to spread, making the disease harder to treat. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #72 Late Stage Testicular Cancer: Symptoms and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/late-stage-testicular-cancer-symptoms
    You can have testicular cancer for years without having noticeable symptoms. […] A delayed diagnosis of testicular cancer is associated with a poorer outlook, so its important to perform regular testicular self-examinations to try to catch cancer as early as possible. […] Late stage testicular cancer is harder to treat than cancer contained to your testicles or the surrounding area. That said, it still has a better outlook than most other cancers at similar stages of metastatic involvement. […] The most common initial symptom of testicular cancer is a lump in one of your testicles. Its important to perform regular testicular self-examinations to catch testicular cancer early.
  • #73 Testicular cancer: Symptoms, signs & treatment | Healthy Male
    https://healthymale.org.au/mens-health/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is when abnormal cells grow in the testicle and symptoms include a lump, swelling or unusual firmness. […] The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a lump that can be felt on, or enlargement or hardening of, one testicle (testicular cancer usually doesnt occur on both sides). The lump may or may not be painful. […] Some men with testicular cancer that has metastasised might not seek help until they have severe symptoms, like weight loss, breathlessness or coughing blood.
  • #74 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Testicular cancer may present as a painless scrotal mass, an incidental radiologic finding, posttraumatic symptom, or scrotal pain. Less commonly, presenting symptoms may indicate metastatic disease or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. […] Scrotal ultrasonography is the preferred initial imaging study for evaluating a testicular mass. It can confirm the presence of a mass, determine intra- vs. extratesticular location, and explore the contralateral testis. […] Testicular changes may be detected by the patient or by a sex partner. […] Confirmation of an alternative diagnosis is required to exclude testicular cancer in patients with a scrotal mass. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years.
  • #75 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    All patients with testicular cancer must be followed closely for five years after primary treatment to monitor for recurrence. […] In one study, 76% of stage I seminoma relapses occurred within the first two years. […] Treatment options for relapse include chemotherapy, tumor resection, and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
  • #76 Testicular cancer | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/testicular-cancer/
    Symptoms of metastatic testicular cancer can include: a persistent cough, coughing or spitting up blood, shortness of breath, swelling and enlargement of male breasts, a lump or swelling in your neck, lower back pain. […] People whove previously been diagnosed with testicular cancer are between 4 to 12 times more likely to develop it in the other testicle. […] Testicular cancer is one of the most treatable types of cancer, and the outlook is one of the best for cancers. […] Almost all men and anyone with testicles who are treated for testicular germ cell tumours are cured, and its rare for the condition to return more than 5 years later.
  • #77 Testicular cancer | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council
    https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer may cause no symptoms. The most common symptom is a painless swelling or a lump in a testicle or a change in size or shape. […] Less common symptoms include: feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, feeling of unevenness, pain or ache in the lower abdomen, the testicle or scrotum, back pain, enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue (due to hormones created by cancer cells). […] If found early, testicular cancer is one of the most curable cancers. […] Stage 1 means the cancer is found only in the testicle, stage 2 means it has spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen or pelvis, and stage 3 means the cancer has spread beyond the lymph nodes to other areas of the body such as the lungs and liver. […] All testicular cancers can be treated and most testicular cancers are successfully treated.
  • #78 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    The five-year survival rate in the United States is about 95%. […] Treatment of testicular cancer is one of the success stories of modern medicine, with sustained response to treatment in more than 90% of cases, regardless of stage. […] In 2011 overall cure rates of more than 95% were reported, and 80% for metastatic disease—the best response by any solid tumor, with improved survival being attributed primarily to effective chemotherapy. […] In the United States, when the disease is treated while it is still localized, more than 99% of people survive 5 years.
  • #79 Testicular Cancer: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
    https://www.healthline.com/health/testicular-cancer
    The two most common types of testicular cancer are: Seminoma tumors, which tend to develop more slowly than nonseminoma tumors. Seminoma tumors are usually found only in the testicles and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body. […] Nonseminoma tumors, which are more aggressive and more likely to spread relative to seminoma cancers. Nonseminoma tumors tend to spread lymphatically, which means they can spread to the lymph nodes. […] The survival rate for testicular cancer is very high. Overall, 95 percent of people diagnosed with testicular cancer will survive.
  • #80 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    The five-year survival rate in the United States is about 95%. […] Treatment of testicular cancer is one of the success stories of modern medicine, with sustained response to treatment in more than 90% of cases, regardless of stage. […] In 2011 overall cure rates of more than 95% were reported, and 80% for metastatic disease—the best response by any solid tumor, with improved survival being attributed primarily to effective chemotherapy. […] In the United States, when the disease is treated while it is still localized, more than 99% of people survive 5 years.
  • #81 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer thats diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump in your testicle. Other symptoms include: Swelling or sudden fluid build-up in your scrotum. A lump or swelling in either testicle. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. Dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen. Pain or discomfort in your scrotum or a testicle. A shrinking testicle (testicular atrophy). […] Delays in diagnosis allow cancer cells time to spread, making the disease harder to treat. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #82 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is curable. While a cancer diagnosis is always serious, the good news about testicular cancer is that it is treated successfully in 95% of cases. If treated early, the cure rate rises to 98%. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal, but this is rare. Still, early detection makes a big difference in your prognosis. The earlier you see your provider and receive a diagnosis, the greater your chances of being cancer-free.
  • #83 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is curable. While a cancer diagnosis is always serious, the good news about testicular cancer is that it is treated successfully in 95% of cases. If treated early, the cure rate rises to 98%. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal, but this is rare. Still, early detection makes a big difference in your prognosis. The earlier you see your provider and receive a diagnosis, the greater your chances of being cancer-free.
  • #84 Late Stage Testicular Cancer: Symptoms and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/late-stage-testicular-cancer-symptoms
    You can have testicular cancer for years without having noticeable symptoms. […] A delayed diagnosis of testicular cancer is associated with a poorer outlook, so its important to perform regular testicular self-examinations to try to catch cancer as early as possible. […] Late stage testicular cancer is harder to treat than cancer contained to your testicles or the surrounding area. That said, it still has a better outlook than most other cancers at similar stages of metastatic involvement. […] The most common initial symptom of testicular cancer is a lump in one of your testicles. Its important to perform regular testicular self-examinations to catch testicular cancer early.
  • #85 Late Stage Testicular Cancer: Symptoms and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/late-stage-testicular-cancer-symptoms
    You can have testicular cancer for years without having noticeable symptoms. […] A delayed diagnosis of testicular cancer is associated with a poorer outlook, so its important to perform regular testicular self-examinations to try to catch cancer as early as possible. […] Late stage testicular cancer is harder to treat than cancer contained to your testicles or the surrounding area. That said, it still has a better outlook than most other cancers at similar stages of metastatic involvement. […] The most common initial symptom of testicular cancer is a lump in one of your testicles. Its important to perform regular testicular self-examinations to catch testicular cancer early.
  • #86 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is curable. While a cancer diagnosis is always serious, the good news about testicular cancer is that it is treated successfully in 95% of cases. If treated early, the cure rate rises to 98%. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal, but this is rare. Still, early detection makes a big difference in your prognosis. The earlier you see your provider and receive a diagnosis, the greater your chances of being cancer-free.
  • #87 Testicular Cancer Symptoms and Treatment | GW Hospital
    https://www.gwhospital.com/conditions-services/cancer-center/testicular-cancer
    Those who suffer from testicular cancer may experience a combination of the following symptoms: […] Painless swelling or lumps in one of the testicles […] Heavy feeling in the scrotum […] Fluid collection in the scrotum […] Pain or discomfort in scrotum or testicle […] Dull ache in lower back, abdomen or groin. […] While testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer, with a cure rate in excess of 90 percent, most types will spread if left unchecked, first invading and damaging the other testicle before metastasizing and being carried by the lymph nodes to other body organs, such as the lungs. Early detection and treatment are critical for a favorable outcome.
  • #88 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer thats diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump in your testicle. Other symptoms include: Swelling or sudden fluid build-up in your scrotum. A lump or swelling in either testicle. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. Dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen. Pain or discomfort in your scrotum or a testicle. A shrinking testicle (testicular atrophy). […] Delays in diagnosis allow cancer cells time to spread, making the disease harder to treat. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #89 Testicular Cancer: Early Signs, Stages, Causes, Symptoms,Diagnosis, and Latest Research in 2025 – OncoDaily
    https://oncodaily.com/oncolibrary/cancer-types/testicular-cancer
    The first line of treatment for testicular cancer is usually orchiectomy, the removal of the affected testicle. […] Radiation therapy is primarily used for seminomas, either after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells or to treat cancer that has spread to nearby lymph nodes. […] Chemotherapy is commonly used for non-seminomas or when cancer has spread beyond the testicle. […] Testicular cancer is one of the most treatable cancers, with a high survival rate even in advanced stages. […] Early-stage testicular cancer has a particularly high cure rate, while more advanced stages may require aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery. […] Testicular cancer has one of the highest survival rates, with a 5-year survival rate over 95% when detected early.
  • #90 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    The five-year survival rate in the United States is about 95%. […] Treatment of testicular cancer is one of the success stories of modern medicine, with sustained response to treatment in more than 90% of cases, regardless of stage. […] In 2011 overall cure rates of more than 95% were reported, and 80% for metastatic disease—the best response by any solid tumor, with improved survival being attributed primarily to effective chemotherapy. […] In the United States, when the disease is treated while it is still localized, more than 99% of people survive 5 years.
  • #91 Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Symptoms | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html
    Testicular cancer is a cancer that develops in the tissues of one or both testicles. The symptoms of testicular cancer may include: A painless lump or swelling in either testicle […] A dull ache in the lower abdomen (belly) or the groin (the area where the thigh meets the abdomen) […] Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum. After you have finished your treatment, you will need regular follow-up testing to make sure that the cancer has not come back. If you have had cancer in one testicle, you have a higher risk of getting cancer in the other testicle. So it’s important to check the other testicle regularly and let your provider know if you notice any changes or unusual symptoms.
  • #92 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms Men Should Know > News > Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/testicular-cancer-symptoms
    Caught early, testicular cancer usually is found in one testicle only and has not spread. […] If enlarged lymph nodes are detected, the diagnosis is changed to stage II testicular cancer, and the treatment plan is adjusted. […] However, the prognosis for long-term survival remains very high, at about 95%. […] When the cancer is small and isolated to the testicle, those patients have the best survival and have a much-reduced need for additional surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. […] If the cancer has already spread, especially if there is a large volume in the abdomen, chest, or throughout the body, the cancers tend to be more aggressive. […] Some patients need no further treatment beyond the removal of a testicle, which is followed by surveillance that becomes less frequent over time. […] Although cancer recurrence is not common following treatment for testicular cancer, we don’t want to miss something.
  • #93 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | OSF Cancer Institute | OSF HealthCare
    https://www.osfhealthcare.org/services/specialties/cancer/conditions-treatments/conditions/testicular
    Testicular cancer and its treatment may affect your fertility, the way your scrotum looks and your interest in sex. Talk about this before starting treatment. […] Testicular cancer staging is how much and how far the cancer has spread in your body. Your health care provider uses exams and tests to determine the cancers size and location. They can also see if the cancer has spread. The stage of a cancer is one of the most important things to know when deciding how to treat the cancer. […] The goal of testicular cancer treatment is to do one or more of these things: Remove the testicle with cancer in it, Remove or destroy tumors in other parts of the body, Kill cancer cells or keep them from growing and spreading, Keep the cancer from coming back or delaying its return, Ease symptoms from the cancer, such as pain or pressure on organs. […] Yes. Survivability largely depends on the stage of cancer. Because testicular cancer can typically be diagnosed and treated early, the testicular cancer survival rate is high. The American Cancer Society reports the risk of dying from testicular cancer at one in 5,000.
  • #94 Testicular cancer in young men – Mayo Clinic Health System
    https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/young-mans-disease-testicular-cancer
    The risk of many types of cancer increases with age. Prostate, skin, breast and lung cancers are more common among older people. However, testicular cancer is considered a „young man’s disease” because people under 45 are at the greatest risk. […] Testicular cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the testicles, which are located in the loose bag of skin underneath the penis. The testicles make sperm and the hormone testosterone. […] Most of the time, men discover a lump or swelling of the testicle, or feel a general heaviness or dull ache in the scrotum or groin. Testicular cancer usually develops in one testicle, but also can develop in both. […] Overall, testicular cancer is highly curable. Health care teams develop treatment plans based on the type and stage of cancer. […] Before treatment for testicular cancer, a patient should discuss fertility with their health care team. Most men will be able to produce enough sperm in the unaffected testicle after treatment. However, chemotherapy, radiation and surgery can affect testosterone and sperm production, possibly jeopardizing future fertility. A patient also should consider sperm banking for future use before undergoing treatment.
  • #95 Testicular cancer – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect
    https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/testicular-cancer
    The affected testicle is usually removed through surgery (called an orchidectomy). […] After the surgery, you may not need further treatment other than regular check-ups. […] You may need to have chemotherapy or radiotherapy if cancer cells have spread. […] Having one testicle removed will not usually affect your fertility. Your other testicle should produce enough sperm. […] Treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy can affect your fertility. If fertility is important to you, talk to your doctor about sperm banking before starting treatment. […] Testicular cancer isn’t preventable, but if it is found early, it can usually be cured. […] Some people may develop complications after testicular cancer. This is more likely if you need to have chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
  • #96 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | OSF Cancer Institute | OSF HealthCare
    https://www.osfhealthcare.org/services/specialties/cancer/conditions-treatments/conditions/testicular
    Testicular cancer and its treatment may affect your fertility, the way your scrotum looks and your interest in sex. Talk about this before starting treatment. […] Testicular cancer staging is how much and how far the cancer has spread in your body. Your health care provider uses exams and tests to determine the cancers size and location. They can also see if the cancer has spread. The stage of a cancer is one of the most important things to know when deciding how to treat the cancer. […] The goal of testicular cancer treatment is to do one or more of these things: Remove the testicle with cancer in it, Remove or destroy tumors in other parts of the body, Kill cancer cells or keep them from growing and spreading, Keep the cancer from coming back or delaying its return, Ease symptoms from the cancer, such as pain or pressure on organs. […] Yes. Survivability largely depends on the stage of cancer. Because testicular cancer can typically be diagnosed and treated early, the testicular cancer survival rate is high. The American Cancer Society reports the risk of dying from testicular cancer at one in 5,000.
  • #97 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | OSF Cancer Institute | OSF HealthCare
    https://www.osfhealthcare.org/services/specialties/cancer/conditions-treatments/conditions/testicular
    Testicular cancer and its treatment may affect your fertility, the way your scrotum looks and your interest in sex. Talk about this before starting treatment. […] Testicular cancer staging is how much and how far the cancer has spread in your body. Your health care provider uses exams and tests to determine the cancers size and location. They can also see if the cancer has spread. The stage of a cancer is one of the most important things to know when deciding how to treat the cancer. […] The goal of testicular cancer treatment is to do one or more of these things: Remove the testicle with cancer in it, Remove or destroy tumors in other parts of the body, Kill cancer cells or keep them from growing and spreading, Keep the cancer from coming back or delaying its return, Ease symptoms from the cancer, such as pain or pressure on organs. […] Yes. Survivability largely depends on the stage of cancer. Because testicular cancer can typically be diagnosed and treated early, the testicular cancer survival rate is high. The American Cancer Society reports the risk of dying from testicular cancer at one in 5,000.
  • #98 Testicular Cancer | Georgia Urology
    https://www.gaurology.com/condition/testicular-cancer/
    With more advanced testis cancer or in more aggressive tumors, surgical removal of lymph nodes in the abdomen may be required to check just how far the cancer has spread. […] Chemotherapy may be the primary treatment for more advanced disease. Very often, the urological oncologist will prescribe a drug cocktail or combination of two or three agents. Sometimes, surgical removal of residual tumors may be required after completion of chemotherapy. […] After surgery to remove the lymph nodes, some patients’ ability to ejaculate may be impaired, although this problem is uncommon with today’s nerve-sparing techniques. […] Once you have had a testicular tumor, you can expect to be followed for at least five years with periodic X-rays, CT scans, and blood tests for tumor markers. Also, since you are at increased risk (approximately two percent) of developing a second tumor, it is important that you continue monthly testicular self-exams (TSE).
  • #99 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Testicular cancer may present as a painless scrotal mass, an incidental radiologic finding, posttraumatic symptom, or scrotal pain. Less commonly, presenting symptoms may indicate metastatic disease or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. […] Scrotal ultrasonography is the preferred initial imaging study for evaluating a testicular mass. It can confirm the presence of a mass, determine intra- vs. extratesticular location, and explore the contralateral testis. […] Testicular changes may be detected by the patient or by a sex partner. […] Confirmation of an alternative diagnosis is required to exclude testicular cancer in patients with a scrotal mass. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years.
  • #100 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Stages
    https://www.webmd.com/cancer/do-i-have-testicular-cancer
    Some of the symptoms of testicular cancer are also signs of other conditions. […] Talk to your doctor if you notice any changes in your testicles, especially if they last more than 2 weeks. […] A cancer diagnosis usually includes a number, called a stage, thats based on whether its spread and how far. In Stage 0, the cancer is found only in small tubes inside your testicle called seminiferous tubules. In Stage I, cancer is limited to your testicle and tissues close to it. In Stage II, its spread to the lymph nodes in your abdomen. In Stage III, cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes or other organs like your lungs, liver, or brain. This is called metastasis. […] Testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms. Your results will depend on several things, including the cancers type and stage. Overall, 95% of men who have testicular cancer live at least 5 years after diagnosis. Nearly all men whose cancers havent spread beyond their testicles live at least 5 more years. […] About 3% to 4% of men whove been treated for cancer in one testicle will get it in the other. Have regular checkups, and watch for changes in your body.
  • #101 Testicular Cancer | Georgia Urology
    https://www.gaurology.com/condition/testicular-cancer/
    With more advanced testis cancer or in more aggressive tumors, surgical removal of lymph nodes in the abdomen may be required to check just how far the cancer has spread. […] Chemotherapy may be the primary treatment for more advanced disease. Very often, the urological oncologist will prescribe a drug cocktail or combination of two or three agents. Sometimes, surgical removal of residual tumors may be required after completion of chemotherapy. […] After surgery to remove the lymph nodes, some patients’ ability to ejaculate may be impaired, although this problem is uncommon with today’s nerve-sparing techniques. […] Once you have had a testicular tumor, you can expect to be followed for at least five years with periodic X-rays, CT scans, and blood tests for tumor markers. Also, since you are at increased risk (approximately two percent) of developing a second tumor, it is important that you continue monthly testicular self-exams (TSE).
  • #102 Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Symptoms | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html
    Testicular cancer is a cancer that develops in the tissues of one or both testicles. The symptoms of testicular cancer may include: A painless lump or swelling in either testicle […] A dull ache in the lower abdomen (belly) or the groin (the area where the thigh meets the abdomen) […] Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum. After you have finished your treatment, you will need regular follow-up testing to make sure that the cancer has not come back. If you have had cancer in one testicle, you have a higher risk of getting cancer in the other testicle. So it’s important to check the other testicle regularly and let your provider know if you notice any changes or unusual symptoms.
  • #103 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | IU Health
    https://iuhealth.org/find-medical-services/testicular-cancer
    Depending on the type and stage of your cancer, your treatment may require surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation. […] In treating testicular cancer your physicians will speak with you about cure rates, not just survival rates. […] After testicular cancer, surveillance is crucial. […] During these checkups, your doctor will examine the unaffected testicle for any lumps or abnormalities and possibly recommend periodic blood tests to look for tumor markers and order regular chest x-rays or CT scans to detect any tumors. […] Lifesaving treatments developed over the last 50 years have made testicular cancer one of the most survivable cancers.
  • #104 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    The five-year survival rate in the United States is about 95%. […] Treatment of testicular cancer is one of the success stories of modern medicine, with sustained response to treatment in more than 90% of cases, regardless of stage. […] In 2011 overall cure rates of more than 95% were reported, and 80% for metastatic disease—the best response by any solid tumor, with improved survival being attributed primarily to effective chemotherapy. […] In the United States, when the disease is treated while it is still localized, more than 99% of people survive 5 years.