Rak jądra
Leczenie

Podstawowym leczeniem raka jądra jest radykalna orchidektomia inguinalna, obejmująca usunięcie jądra wraz z powrózkiem nasiennym do pierścienia pachwinowego wewnętrznego, stosowana u niemal wszystkich pacjentów niezależnie od typu i zaawansowania nowotworu. W przypadku nienasieniaków lub podejrzenia rozsiewu wykonuje się limfadenektomię zaotrzewnową (RPLND), często z zastosowaniem technik oszczędzających nerwy, co pozwala zachować ejakulację u ponad 95% pacjentów. Chemioterapia, głównie schematy BEP (bleomycyna, etopozyd, cisplatyna), EP (etopozyd, cisplatyna), VIP (etopozyd, ifosfamid, cisplatyna) oraz monoterapia karboplatyną, jest stosowana w zależności od stadium i ryzyka nawrotu, zwykle od 1 do 4 cykli. Wskaźniki wyleczenia wynoszą ponad 95% w grupie dobrego rokowania (3 cykle BEP), 75-80% w grupie pośredniego ryzyka (4 cykle BEP lub VIP) oraz około 60% w grupie wysokiego ryzyka. Radioterapia jest efektywna głównie w leczeniu nasieniaka, ze wskaźnikiem wyleczeń sięgającym 98%, stosowana w stadium I i II, z dawkami planowanymi indywidualnie i osłoną pozostałego jądra. Aktywna obserwacja jest preferowana w stadium I przy niskim ryzyku nawrotu, z monitorowaniem markerów nowotworowych i badań obrazowych przez 5-10 lat.

Rak jądra – leczenie chirurgiczne

Podstawową metodą leczenia raka jądra jest zabieg chirurgiczny. Radykalna orchidektomia inguinalna (usunięcie jądra przez nacięcie w pachwinie) stanowi zarówno element diagnostyczny, jak i terapeutyczny 12. Podczas tego zabiegu usuwane jest całe jądro wraz z powrózkiem nasiennym aż do pierścienia pachwinowego wewnętrznego 3. Operacja ta jest wykonywana u prawie wszystkich pacjentów z rakiem jądra, niezależnie od typu nowotworu oraz stopnia zaawansowania 4.

U niektórych pacjentów, zwłaszcza z nienasieniakowymi nowotworami jądra lub przy podejrzeniu rozprzestrzenienia się nowotworu, może być konieczne wykonanie limfadenektomii zaotrzewnowej (RPLND – Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection), polegającej na usunięciu węzłów chłonnych z przestrzeni zaotrzewnowej 56. Zabieg ten może być przeprowadzony podczas pierwszej operacji lub w ramach późniejszego leczenia 7.

W niektórych ośrodkach stosuje się techniki oszczędzające nerwy (nerve-sparing) podczas operacji usunięcia węzłów chłonnych, co ma na celu zachowanie prawidłowej ejakulacji i zmniejszenie ryzyka zaburzeń płodności 89. Skuteczność technik oszczędzających nerwy sięga ponad 95% w zachowaniu zdolności do ejakulacji u pacjentów z rakiem jądra 10.

Usunięcie jednego jądra zwykle nie wpływa na zdolność do erekcji ani na płodność, o ile drugie jądro funkcjonuje prawidłowo 11. Warto jednak rozważyć bankowanie nasienia przed leczeniem, ponieważ zarówno sama choroba, jak i późniejsze terapie (chemioterapia, radioterapia) mogą wpływać na płodność 1213.

Rekonstrukcja po usunięciu jądra

Po usunięciu jądra pacjentom zwykle oferuje się możliwość wszczepienia protezy jądra wypełnionej żelem, co ma znaczenie estetyczne i psychologiczne 1415. Decyzja o wszczepieniu protezy należy do pacjenta i powinna być przedyskutowana z lekarzem prowadzącym.

Rak jądra – chemioterapia

Chemioterapia jest jedną z głównych metod leczenia raka jądra, szczególnie w przypadkach, gdy nowotwór rozprzestrzenił się poza jądro lub istnieje wysokie ryzyko nawrotu po zabiegu operacyjnym 12. Jest to leczenie systemowe, które dociera do wszystkich części organizmu, dzięki czemu może zwalczać komórki nowotworowe, które rozprzestrzeniły się poza pierwotne ognisko 3.

Schematy chemioterapii w raku jądra

W leczeniu raka jądra stosuje się kilka standardowych schematów chemioterapii:

Liczba cykli chemioterapii zależy od typu i stadium zaawansowania raka jądra. Zwykle stosuje się od 1 do 4 cykli, przy czym:

  • W przypadku nasieniaka o niskim ryzyku nawrotu można zastosować 1-2 cykle karboplatyny 12
  • W przypadku nowotworu o dobrym rokowaniu stosuje się 3 cykle BEP lub 4 cykle EP 13
  • W przypadku nowotworu o pośrednim lub wysokim ryzyku stosuje się 4 cykle BEP lub VIP 14

Skuteczność chemioterapii

Chemioterapia jest niezwykle skuteczna w leczeniu raka jądra, co w dużej mierze przyczyniło się do wysokiego wskaźnika wyleczalności tego nowotworu. Wskaźniki wyleczenia zależą od grupy ryzyka i stosowanego schematu leczenia:

  • Pacjenci z grupy dobrego rokowania poddani 3 cyklom chemioterapii skojarzonej mają wskaźnik wyleczenia przekraczający 95% 15
  • Pacjenci z grupy pośredniego ryzyka mają wskaźnik wyleczenia 75-80% po 4 cyklach leczenia 16
  • Pacjenci z grupy wysokiego ryzyka mają wskaźnik wyleczenia około 60% po 4 cyklach leczenia 17

Działania niepożądane chemioterapii

Chemioterapia w raku jądra może powodować szereg działań niepożądanych, takich jak:

  • Zmęczenie 18
  • Utrata słuchu 19
  • Zwiększone ryzyko infekcji 20
  • Nudności i wymioty 21
  • Wpływ na płodność – chemioterapia może czasowo lub trwale zahamować produkcję plemników 2223

Ze względu na potencjalny wpływ na płodność, pacjentom przed rozpoczęciem chemioterapii zaleca się rozważenie bankowania nasienia 2425.

Rak jądra – radioterapia

Radioterapia jest metodą leczenia wykorzystującą promieniowanie o wysokiej energii do niszczenia komórek nowotworowych 1. W przypadku raka jądra radioterapia jest stosowana głównie w leczeniu nasieniaka (seminoma), ponieważ ten typ nowotworu jest szczególnie wrażliwy na promieniowanie 23.

Wskazania do radioterapii

Radioterapia w raku jądra może być stosowana w następujących sytuacjach:

  • Po operacji usunięcia jądra (orchidektomii) w przypadku nasieniaka w stadium I, jako alternatywa dla obserwacji lub chemioterapii 45
  • W leczeniu nasieniaka w stadium II, gdy guz ma wielkość 5 cm lub mniej, kierując promieniowanie na węzły chłonne w jamie brzusznej i miednicy 6
  • W leczeniu przerzutów raka jądra do mózgu lub innych narządów 7

Radioterapia nie jest zazwyczaj stosowana w leczeniu nienasieniaków (nonseminoma), ponieważ ten typ raka jądra jest mniej wrażliwy na promieniowanie 8.

Technika radioterapii

W leczeniu raka jądra stosuje się zewnętrzną radioterapię wiązkami (EBRT), w której źródło promieniowania znajduje się poza ciałem pacjenta 910. Procedura jest podobna do wykonywania zdjęcia rentgenowskiego, ale z zastosowaniem większej dawki promieniowania 11.

Przed rozpoczęciem leczenia przeprowadza się sesję planowania (symulację), podczas której określa się dokładną lokalizację obszaru do napromieniania 12. Radioterapia jest zwykle podawana raz dziennie, 5 dni w tygodniu, przez kilka tygodni 13.

Podczas leczenia stosuje się osłony chroniące pozostałe jądro, aby zminimalizować ryzyko uszkodzenia 14.

Skuteczność radioterapii

Radioterapia jest skuteczną metodą leczenia nasieniaka, ze wskaźnikiem wyleczeń sięgającym 98% 15. Zastosowanie radioterapii po operacji usunięcia jądra znacząco zmniejsza ryzyko nawrotu choroby 16.

Działania niepożądane radioterapii

Radioterapia w leczeniu raka jądra może powodować następujące działania niepożądane:

  • Zmęczenie 1718
  • Nudności i wymioty 1920
  • Biegunka 2122
  • Podrażnienie skóry w obszarze napromieniania 23
  • Czasowe zmniejszenie liczby plemników 24
  • Zwiększone ryzyko rozwoju wtórnych nowotworów, zwłaszcza guzów litych w obszarze napromieniania po upływie dekady lub więcej 25

Ze względu na potencjalny wpływ na płodność, pacjentom przed rozpoczęciem radioterapii zaleca się rozważenie bankowania nasienia 26.

Aktywna obserwacja (Surveillance)

Aktywna obserwacja (surveillance) jest strategią postępowania po orchidektomii, szczególnie w przypadku wczesnego stadium raka jądra, gdy ryzyko nawrotu jest niskie 12. Polega ona na regularnym monitorowaniu pacjenta bez stosowania dodatkowego leczenia, co pozwala uniknąć potencjalnych działań niepożądanych związanych z chemioterapią czy radioterapią 3.

Wskazania do aktywnej obserwacji

Aktywna obserwacja jest preferowana w następujących przypadkach:

  • Nasieniak w stadium I – 83-85% pacjentów jest wolnych od nawrotu po 5 latach od samej orchidektomii 4
  • Nienasieniak w stadium I o niskim ryzyku nawrotu 5
  • Nasieniak w stadium IIA bez podwyższonych markerów nowotworowych 6

Protokół aktywnej obserwacji

Protokół aktywnej obserwacji obejmuje:

  • Regularne badania fizykalne 7
  • Badania krwi w celu oznaczenia markerów nowotworowych 89
  • Badania obrazowe, takie jak tomografia komputerowa (CT) czy RTG klatki piersiowej 1011
  • Badania USG pozostałego jądra 12

Obserwacja jest prowadzona przez 5-10 lat po leczeniu, przy czym ryzyko nawrotu jest największe w ciągu pierwszych 2-3 lat 1314.

Skuteczność aktywnej obserwacji

Aktywna obserwacja oferuje porównywalne wskaźniki przeżycia całkowitego do strategii leczenia uzupełniającego, zbliżając się do 100% 15. Współczynnik przeżycia specyficznego dla raka dla nasieniaka w stadium I poddanego aktywnej obserwacji przekracza 99%, pod warunkiem przestrzegania protokołu obserwacji i leczenia nawrotu, jeśli taki wystąpi 16.

Ogólne ryzyko nawrotu u pacjentów w stadium I poddanych aktywnej obserwacji wynosi 12-20% w ciągu 5 lat, przy czym większość nawrotów występuje w przestrzeni zaotrzewnowej w ciągu pierwszych dwóch lat 17.

Wysokodawkowa chemioterapia z przeszczepem komórek macierzystych

Wysokodawkowa chemioterapia z przeszczepem komórek macierzystych jest zaawansowaną metodą leczenia stosowaną głównie w przypadkach nawrotowego lub opornego na standardowe leczenie raka jądra 12.

Zasada działania

Metoda ta polega na zastosowaniu bardzo wysokich dawek chemioterapii, które są bardziej skuteczne w niszczeniu komórek nowotworowych, ale jednocześnie powodują znaczne uszkodzenie szpiku kostnego 3. Aby przeciwdziałać temu efektowi ubocznym, stosuje się przeszczep komórek macierzystych, które pomagają odbudować szpik kostny 4.

Procedura obejmuje następujące etapy:

  • Pobranie komórek macierzystych od pacjenta (autologiczny przeszczep) lub dawcy przed rozpoczęciem wysokodawkowej chemioterapii 5
  • Podanie wysokodawkowej chemioterapii 6
  • Przeszczepienie komórek macierzystych, które pomagają odbudować szpik kostny i układ odpornościowy 7

Wskazania

Wysokodawkowa chemioterapia z przeszczepem komórek macierzystych jest stosowana w następujących przypadkach:

  • Nawrotowy rak jądra po standardowej chemioterapii 89
  • Rak jądra oporny na standardową chemioterapię 10
  • Zaawansowany rak jądra o złym rokowaniu 11

Skuteczność wysokodawkowej chemioterapii

Wysokodawkowa chemioterapia z przeszczepem komórek macierzystych oferuje szansę na wyleczenie u pacjentów, którzy nie odpowiedzieli na standardowe leczenie. Wskaźniki wyleczenia dla pacjentów z przerzutowym rakiem jądra poddanych tej procedurze wahają się od 30% do 70%, w zależności od grupy ryzyka 12.

Działania niepożądane wysokodawkowej chemioterapii

Wysokodawkowa chemioterapia z przeszczepem komórek macierzystych wiąże się z wyższym ryzykiem działań niepożądanych niż standardowa chemioterapia. Do najczęstszych należą:

  • Znacznie podwyższone ryzyko infekcji z powodu osłabionego układu odpornościowego 13
  • Przedłużony pobyt w szpitalu i konieczność intensywnego monitorowania 14
  • Nasilone działania niepożądane chemioterapii 15
  • Trwała niepłodność 16

Leczenie raka jądra w zależności od stadium i typu histologicznego

Podejście do leczenia raka jądra zależy od typu histologicznego (nasieniak vs nienasieniak) oraz stadium zaawansowania choroby 12.

Leczenie nasieniaka (seminoma)

Stadium I (ograniczony do jądra):

  • Orchidektomia z następczą aktywną obserwacją – preferowana opcja 34
  • Orchidektomia z następczą chemioterapią (1-2 cykle karboplatyny) – alternatywa dla pacjentów z czynnikami ryzyka nawrotu lub gdy obserwacja nie jest możliwa 56
  • Orchidektomia z następczą radioterapią – rzadko stosowana opcja, głównie gdy pacjent nie kwalifikuje się do chemioterapii 7

Stadium II (zajęcie węzłów chłonnych w przestrzeni zaotrzewnowej):

  • Stadium IIA (węzły <2 cm): orchidektomia z następczą radioterapią na obszar węzłów chłonnych lub chemioterapia (3 cykle BEP lub 4 cykle EP) 89
  • Stadium IIB (węzły 2-5 cm): orchidektomia z następczą chemioterapią (3 cykle BEP lub 4 cykle EP) lub radioterapią 10
  • Stadium IIC (węzły >5 cm): orchidektomia z następczą chemioterapią (4 cykle BEP lub VIP) 11

Stadium III (przerzuty odległe):

  • Orchidektomia z następczą chemioterapią (3-4 cykle BEP, EP lub VIP, w zależności od grupy ryzyka) 1213
  • W przypadku przetrwałych zmian resztkowych po chemioterapii można rozważyć leczenie chirurgiczne 14

Leczenie nienasieniaka (nonseminoma)

Stadium I (ograniczony do jądra):

  • Orchidektomia z następczą aktywną obserwacją – opcja dla pacjentów o niskim ryzyku nawrotu 1516
  • Orchidektomia z następczą chemioterapią (1-2 cykle BEP) – opcja dla pacjentów z wysokim ryzykiem nawrotu 17
  • Orchidektomia z następczą limfadenektomią zaotrzewnową (RPLND) – alternatywna opcja, rzadziej stosowana 18

Stadium II (zajęcie węzłów chłonnych w przestrzeni zaotrzewnowej):

  • Stadium IIA/B (węzły <5 cm): orchidektomia z następczą limfadenektomią zaotrzewnową (RPLND) lub chemioterapia (3 cykle BEP lub 4 cykle EP) 19
  • Stadium IIC (węzły >5 cm): orchidektomia z następczą chemioterapią (3-4 cykle BEP) 20

Stadium III (przerzuty odległe):

  • Orchidektomia z następczą chemioterapią (3-4 cykle BEP lub VIP, w zależności od grupy ryzyka) 2122
  • Po chemioterapii, jeśli widoczne są zmiany resztkowe, przeprowadza się limfadenektomię zaotrzewnową (RPLND) 23

Leczenie nawrotowego raka jądra

W przypadku nawrotu raka jądra stosuje się następujące opcje leczenia:

  • Chemioterapia skojarzona (zwykle schemat różny od stosowanego wcześniej) 2425
  • Wysokodawkowa chemioterapia z przeszczepem komórek macierzystych 2627
  • Leczenie chirurgiczne w przypadku izolowanego nawrotu lub zmian pozostałych po chemioterapii 2829
  • Radioterapia w przypadku nawrotu nasieniaka 30

Nowe kierunki w leczeniu raka jądra

Mimo że standardowe metody leczenia raka jądra są bardzo skuteczne, prowadzone są badania nad nowymi podejściami terapeutycznymi, które mogą zminimalizować działania niepożądane lub poprawić wyniki u pacjentów nieodpowiadających na konwencjonalne leczenie 1.

Immunoterapia

Immunoterapia wykorzystuje leki, które pomagają układowi odpornościowemu rozpoznawać i zwalczać komórki nowotworowe 2. Jest czasami stosowana w zaawansowanym raku jądra, gdy nowotwór nie odpowiada na inne metody leczenia 34.

Chociaż wykazała obiecujące wyniki w niektórych przypadkach, immunoterapia nie jest jeszcze standardowym leczeniem większości przypadków raka jądra 5.

Badania kliniczne

Badania kliniczne są jednym ze sposobów uzyskania najnowocześniejszego leczenia raka 6. Dla niektórych pacjentów, szczególnie z zaawansowanym rakiem jądra, udział w badaniu klinicznym może być najlepszą opcją leczenia 7.

Badania kliniczne mogą obejmować testowanie:

  • Nowych leków lub kombinacji leków 8
  • Nowych sposobów leczenia chirurgicznego 9
  • Nowych metod radioterapii 10
  • Zindywidualizowanych podejść terapeutycznych opartych na genetyce nowotworu 11

Udział w badaniach klinicznych pomaga nie tylko pacjentom uzyskać dostęp do najnowszych metod leczenia, ale także przyczynia się do postępu w leczeniu raka jądra i może pomóc przyszłym pacjentom 12.

Kompleksowe podejście do leczenia raka jądra

Leczenie raka jądra wymaga kompleksowego podejścia, które uwzględnia nie tylko zwalczanie nowotworu, ale także minimalizację działań niepożądanych, zachowanie płodności i jakości życia pacjenta 12.

Multidyscyplinarny zespół leczący

W leczeniu raka jądra bierze udział zespół specjalistów, w skład którego wchodzą:

  • Urolog – przeprowadza operację usunięcia jądra i węzłów chłonnych 3
  • Onkolog kliniczny – planuje i prowadzi chemioterapię 4
  • Radioterapeuta – planuje i prowadzi radioterapię 5
  • Patolog – bada tkanki nowotworowe i określa typ i stadium raka 6
  • Radiolog – przeprowadza i interpretuje badania obrazowe 7
  • Pielęgniarka onkologiczna – zapewnia wsparcie i edukację pacjenta 8

Zespół multidyscyplinarny regularnie omawia przypadki pacjentów, aby określić najlepszy plan leczenia 9.

Zachowanie płodności

Leczenie raka jądra, szczególnie chemioterapia i radioterapia, może wpływać na płodność mężczyzn. Dlatego ważne jest, aby przed rozpoczęciem leczenia omówić z pacjentem możliwości zachowania płodności 1011.

Bankowanie nasienia (mrożenie spermy) jest zalecane przed rozpoczęciem leczenia, aby zachować możliwość posiadania biologicznych dzieci w przyszłości 1213.

Opieka wspierająca

Oprócz leczenia przeciwnowotworowego, pacjentom z rakiem jądra oferuje się opiekę wspierającą, która ma na celu złagodzenie objawów i poprawę jakości życia 14.

Opieka wspierająca może obejmować:

  • Leczenie przeciwbólowe 15
  • Kontrolę nudności i wymiotów związanych z leczeniem 16
  • Wsparcie psychologiczne 17
  • Terapie integracyjne, takie jak akupunktura czy masaż, które mogą złagodzić stres i dyskomfort związany z leczeniem raka 18

Obserwacja po leczeniu

Po zakończeniu aktywnego leczenia raka jądra, pacjenci wymagają regularnej obserwacji w celu wczesnego wykrycia ewentualnego nawrotu 1920.

Nawroty raka jądra zwykle występują w ciągu 2 lat od zakończenia leczenia, chociaż mogą pojawić się później. Dlatego wszyscy pacjenci, którzy zostali skutecznie leczeni na raka jądra, powinni być monitorowani pod kątem nawrotu za pomocą badań krwi, zdjęć rentgenowskich, skanów CT i innych badań obrazowych 2122.

U pacjentów z rakiem jednego jądra istnieje również zwiększone ryzyko (około 2%) rozwoju raka w drugim jądrze w ciągu 15 lat od początkowego rozpoznania 23.

Rokowanie w raku jądra

Rak jądra jest jednym z najbardziej uleczalnych nowotworów złośliwych, z ogólnym 5-letnim wskaźnikiem przeżycia wynoszącym około 95% 12.

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie

Rokowanie w raku jądra zależy od kilku czynników, w tym:

  • Typ histologiczny – nasieniaki mają na ogół lepsze rokowanie niż niennasieniaki 3
  • Stadium zaawansowania – wczesne wykrycie i leczenie znacznie zwiększają szanse na wyleczenie 4
  • Obecność przerzutów – nawet w przypadkach z przerzutami, chemioterapia oferuje wskaźnik wyleczenia powyżej 80% 5
  • Grupa ryzyka według klasyfikacji IGCCCG (Międzynarodowej Grupy Współpracy nad Rakiem Zarodkowym) 6

Wskaźniki przeżycia według stadium

Wskaźniki przeżycia w raku jądra są zróżnicowane w zależności od stadium:

  • Stadium I (ograniczony do jądra): prawie 100% wskaźnik wyleczenia 78
  • Stadium II (zajęcie węzłów chłonnych): około 90-95% wskaźnik wyleczenia 9
  • Stadium III (przerzuty odległe):
    • Grupa dobrego rokowania: wskaźnik wyleczenia >90% 10
    • Grupa pośredniego rokowania: wskaźnik wyleczenia 75-80% 11
    • Grupa złego rokowania: wskaźnik wyleczenia około 60% 12

Nawet w przypadku nawrotu raka jądra, odpowiednie leczenie ratunkowe może prowadzić do wyleczenia 13.

Długoterminowe następstwa leczenia

Ze względu na wysoką skuteczność leczenia i długi oczekiwany czas przeżycia, pacjenci po leczeniu raka jądra mogą doświadczać długoterminowych następstw leczenia 14.

Do potencjalnych długoterminowych następstw leczenia raka jądra należą:

  • Zaburzenia płodności – chemioterapia i radioterapia mogą wpływać na produkcję plemników 15
  • Zwiększone ryzyko chorób sercowo-naczyniowych u pacjentów leczonych radioterapią i/lub chemioterapią 1617
  • Zwiększone ryzyko wtórnych nowotworów, szczególnie po radioterapii 18
  • Hipogonadyzm – obniżony poziom testosteronu 19

Regularna długoterminowa obserwacja jest kluczowa dla monitorowania i leczenia potencjalnych późnych powikłań 20.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Testicular cancer treatment often involves surgery and chemotherapy. Which treatment options are best for you depends on the type of testicular cancer you have and its stage. Your health care team also considers your overall health and your preferences. […] Operations used to treat testicular cancer include: […] Surgery to remove the testicle. This procedure is called a radical inguinal orchiectomy. It’s the first treatment for most testicular cancers. To remove the testicle, a surgeon makes a cut in the groin. The entire testicle is pulled out through the opening. A prosthetic, gel-filled testicle can be inserted if you choose. This might be the only treatment needed if the cancer hasn’t spread beyond the testicle. […] Surgery to remove nearby lymph nodes. If there’s concern that your cancer may have spread beyond your testicle, you might have surgery to remove some lymph nodes. To remove the lymph nodes, the surgeon makes a cut in the belly. The lymph nodes are tested in a lab to look for cancer. Surgery to remove lymph nodes is often used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #1 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable and curable. […] Treatment depends on several factors, including your health, treatment preferences, cancer stage and tumor type. Seminomas tend to grow more slowly and respond better to radiation therapy than non-seminomas. Both kinds of testicular cancer tumors respond well to chemotherapy treatments. […] Surgery to remove the cancerous testicle is the most common treatment for testicular cancer, regardless of cancer stage or tumor type. […] Radiation therapy uses high-dose X-rays to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs such as cisplatin, bleomycin, and etoposide to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy has improved the survival rate for people with both seminomas and non-seminomas. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #1 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #1 Treatments for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment
    If you have testicular cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. When deciding which treatments to offer for testicular cancer, your healthcare team will consider: […] Surgery is the primary treatment for testicular cancer. […] Chemotherapy is commonly used to treat testicular cancer. […] Radiation therapy is used to treat seminoma testicular cancer. […] Active surveillance is the preferred treatment after surgery for early testicular cancer. […] Follow-up for testicular cancer is scheduled for 5 to 10 years after treatment.
  • #1 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #1 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Testicular cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles. […] Treatment for testicular cancer can cause infertility. […] Testicular cancer can usually be cured in patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy after their primary treatment. […] Treatment of stage 0 may include the following: Radiation therapy, Surveillance, Surgery to remove the testicle. […] Treatment of stage I testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by surveillance. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage II testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma.
  • #1 Testicular Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating.html
    Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision. […] Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms.
  • #1 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%. […] The three basic types of treatment are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Surgery is performed by urologists; radiation therapy is administered by radiation oncologists; and chemotherapy is the work of medical oncologists. In most patients with testicular cancer, the disease is cured readily with minimal long-term morbidity. While treatment success depends on the stage, the average survival rate after five years is around 95%, and stage 1 cancer cases, if monitored properly, have essentially a 100% survival rate.
  • #2 Treatments for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment
    If you have testicular cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. When deciding which treatments to offer for testicular cancer, your healthcare team will consider: […] Surgery is the primary treatment for testicular cancer. […] Chemotherapy is commonly used to treat testicular cancer. […] Radiation therapy is used to treat seminoma testicular cancer. […] Active surveillance is the preferred treatment after surgery for early testicular cancer. […] Follow-up for testicular cancer is scheduled for 5 to 10 years after treatment.
  • #2 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #2 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Treatment after orchiectomy is based on histology, staging, prognosis, and an individualized discussion with the patient on the benefits and harms of treatment options. […] Active surveillance involves more frequent monitoring than adjuvant therapy and is associated with higher recurrence rates, but it avoids the risks of radiation and chemotherapy. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years. […] Among men with a stage I seminoma, 83% to 85% are free from relapse five years after orchiectomy alone; therefore, surveillance without additional therapy is preferred. […] Patients with risk factors for relapse (i.e., tumor invasion of the rete testis or tumor size greater than 4 cm) may be candidates for adjuvant therapy with carboplatin or radiotherapy, which further reduces the risk of relapse by 83%.
  • #2 4 Innovative Testicular Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center
    https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/testicular-cancer/testicular-cancer-treatment.html
    Even if testicular cancer comes back, it is still treatable with radiation or chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is sometimes used in conjunction with surgical removal of the testicle to make sure all the cancer cells have been destroyed. […] For men with poor-risk testicular cancer, MD Anderson uses an approach called dose-dense chemotherapy. […] A stem cell transplant is used most often for testicular cancers that have returned after successful treatment.
  • #2 Testicular Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating.html
    If youve been diagnosed with testicular cancer, your treatment team will discuss your options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Depending on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as other factors, treatment options for testicular cancer can include: Surgery for Testicular Cancer, Radiation Therapy for Testicular Cancer, Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer, High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplant for Testicular Cancer. […] In recent years, a lot of progress has been made in treating testicular cancer. Surgical methods have been refined, and doctors know more about the best ways to use chemotherapy and radiation to treat different types of testicular cancer. In some cases, more than one of type of treatment might be used.
  • #2 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects may include nausea and fatigue. Radiation therapy also can temporarily lower sperm counts. This can affect your fertility. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before radiation therapy. […] Immunotherapy is treatment with medicine that helps your body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used for advanced testicular cancer. It might be an option if the cancer doesn’t respond to other treatments.
  • #2 Testicular Cancer – UChicago Medicine
    https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/testicular-cancer
    When patients with testicular cancer come to the University of Chicago Medicine, they can be certain to receive the most advanced tests and treatments available including minimally invasive surgical approaches and stem cell transplantation from some of the nations leading physician experts. […] Our goal is to help our patients beat cancer. Our physicians also place great emphasis on quality of life issues, including retaining sexual confidence after testicular cancer surgery. […] Many cases of testicular cancer are straight forward, and the treatment path is well defined. However, patients with risky or rare types of testicular cancer can benefit from a team approach to cancer care like we have at UChicago Medicine. […] Depending on the subtype of testicular cancer a patient has, our physicians may recommend one or more of the following treatments:
  • #2 Testicular Cancer Treatment in Kansas City | The University of Kansas Cancer Center
    https://www.kucancercenter.org/cancer/cancer-types/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer can grow rapidly, but is often curable, especially when found early. When diagnosed early, the 5-year survival rate is about 95%. […] Most testicular cancer can be cured with surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The testicular cancer treatment your doctor chooses will depend on your age, general health and the type and stage of your cancer. […] If your doctor recommends surgery, the entire testicle often is removed. This surgery does not make a man impotent. A man with one remaining healthy testicle can still have a normal erection, produce sperm and father children. […] In addition to surgery, your doctor may recommend radiation and/or chemotherapy: Radiation therapy uses high-dose X-rays to destroy cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to destroy cancer cells. You may receive it by injection or through your veins. Chemotherapy drugs are used to kill cancer cells that remain throughout the body after surgery for testicular cancer, and may be used before radiation. […] Sometimes people with testicular cancer take part in clinical trials. Clinical research trials help find better ways of preventing, diagnosing and treating various types of cancer.
  • #3 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor among males 15 to 34 years of age, with an estimated 8,850 new cases and 410 deaths during 2017 in the United States. With effective treatment, the overall five-year survival rate is 97%. […] Scrotal ultrasonography is the preferred initial imaging study. If a solid intratesticular mass is discovered, orchiectomy is both diagnostic and therapeutic. Staging through chest radiography, chemistry panel, liver function tests, and tumor markers guides treatment. Active surveillance, chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and radiation therapy are treatment options following orchiectomy. For patients desiring future fertility, sperm banking should be discussed early in the course of treatment. […] Radical inguinal orchiectomy, including removal of the spermatic cord to the internal inguinal ring, is the primary treatment for any malignant tumor found on surgical exploration of a testicular mass.
  • #3 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Testicular cancer surgery carries a risk of bleeding and infection. If you have surgery to remove lymph nodes, there’s also a risk that a nerve might be cut. Surgeons take great care to protect the nerves. Sometimes cutting a nerve can’t be avoided. This can lead to problems with ejaculating, but it generally doesn’t affect your ability to get an erection. Ask your health care provider about options for preserving your sperm before surgery. […] Chemotherapy treatment uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy travels throughout the body. It can kill cancer cells that may have spread beyond the testicle. […] Chemotherapy is often used after surgery. It can help kill any cancer cells that are still in the body. When testicular cancer is very advanced, sometimes chemotherapy is used before surgery.
  • #3 Testicular Cancer | Froedtert & MCW
    https://www.froedtert.com/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer has the best prognosis of any solid tumor. In general, more than 95 percent of patients with cancer of the testis can achieve a long-term cure. […] The different types and sub-types of testicular cancer often require very different treatment approaches. […] Almost all patients with testicular cancer require the surgical removal of the affected testicle. […] Organ preservation is important in the treatment of testicular cancer to preserve fertility but also to maintain testosterone production. […] Over the last two decades, advances in chemotherapy have helped improve testicular cancer cure rates dramatically. […] While testicular cancer can be treated very successfully with chemotherapy, there are precise treatment guidelines for developing an effective regimen. […] Seminoma tumors are very sensitive to radiation, and patients with this form of testicular cancer can benefit from radiation therapy. Following testicle removal surgery, external beam radiation delivered to the abdominal lymph nodes can help prevent cancer spread.
  • #3 Testicular Cancer Treatment Options
    https://www.virginiacancer.com/testicular-cancer/testicular-cancer-treatment-options/
    Men who’ve been diagnosed with testicular cancer have a number of treatment options depending on the type and stage. Most men will start with surgery to remove the testicle. After determining whether the cancer has spread and the type of testicular cancer it is, one or more of the following treatments may be recommended by the urologist or oncologist: Surveillance (Watchful Waiting), Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant. […] After the doctor removes the testicle, the tumor will be evaluated to determine what types of testicular cancer it is and to see if it has spread. Some men will have the lymph nodes removed in the groin area during the initial surgery or in a follow-up surgery to help determine whether its spread beyond the testicle. […] Your doctor will weigh many factors before recommending treatment. After a discussion regarding the risks and side effects of treatment, you may decide that active surveillance, or watchful waiting, is the right option for you. If your testicular cancer has not spread beyond the testicles, it is possible for your oncologist to closely monitor your status for up to 10 years. Regular three to six-month checks, that include image testing, by your doctor should follow your initial decision for surveillance. However, if the cancer has spread beyond the testicles radiation and/or chemotherapy may be needed.
  • #3 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Testicular cancer patients whose cancer relapses after combination chemotherapy are still curable through salvage chemotherapy or salvage high-dose chemotherapy. […] Patients rarely need high-dose chemotherapy as few people progress to this stage after standard combination chemotherapy. Although it is an intense regimen, it is curative with a medical team and facility with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant expertise, such as Dana-Farber. During high-dose chemotherapy, the medical team uses peripheral blood stem cells to repopulate bone marrow after treatment, which requires longer hospital stays and increased monitoring, and often involves intensified side effects. […] Metastatic patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy have a cure rate of 70 percent to 30 percent, depending on their risk level.
  • #3 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Treatment after orchiectomy is based on histology, staging, prognosis, and an individualized discussion with the patient on the benefits and harms of treatment options. […] Active surveillance involves more frequent monitoring than adjuvant therapy and is associated with higher recurrence rates, but it avoids the risks of radiation and chemotherapy. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years. […] Among men with a stage I seminoma, 83% to 85% are free from relapse five years after orchiectomy alone; therefore, surveillance without additional therapy is preferred. […] Patients with risk factors for relapse (i.e., tumor invasion of the rete testis or tumor size greater than 4 cm) may be candidates for adjuvant therapy with carboplatin or radiotherapy, which further reduces the risk of relapse by 83%.
  • #3 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects may include nausea and fatigue. Radiation therapy also can temporarily lower sperm counts. This can affect your fertility. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before radiation therapy. […] Immunotherapy is treatment with medicine that helps your body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used for advanced testicular cancer. It might be an option if the cancer doesn’t respond to other treatments.
  • #3 Testicular cancer treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/testicular-cancer/treatment
    If testicular cancer comes back, it can usually be treated successfully. […] After your test results, you and your doctor start to talk about your treatment. Your doctor usually meets with other specialists to get their opinions too. […] A team of specialists meet to talk about the best treatment for you. They are called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] The MDT for testicular cancer will usually include a surgeon (urologist), an oncologist, a specialist urology nurse, a radiologist, and a pathologist. […] After the meeting, your specialist doctor and nurse will talk to you about your treatment options. […] Treatment will depend on the type and the stage of the cancer. Your doctors will talk to you about the treatment they feel is best for you. […] If the cancer has spread outside your testicle, you will be offered chemotherapy after your orchidectomy. Occasionally, radiotherapy may be offered.
  • #3 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%. […] The three basic types of treatment are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Surgery is performed by urologists; radiation therapy is administered by radiation oncologists; and chemotherapy is the work of medical oncologists. In most patients with testicular cancer, the disease is cured readily with minimal long-term morbidity. While treatment success depends on the stage, the average survival rate after five years is around 95%, and stage 1 cancer cases, if monitored properly, have essentially a 100% survival rate.
  • #4 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable and curable. […] Treatment depends on several factors, including your health, treatment preferences, cancer stage and tumor type. Seminomas tend to grow more slowly and respond better to radiation therapy than non-seminomas. Both kinds of testicular cancer tumors respond well to chemotherapy treatments. […] Surgery to remove the cancerous testicle is the most common treatment for testicular cancer, regardless of cancer stage or tumor type. […] Radiation therapy uses high-dose X-rays to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs such as cisplatin, bleomycin, and etoposide to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy has improved the survival rate for people with both seminomas and non-seminomas. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured.
  • #4 Treatment options for testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions
    You might have 3 cycles of BEP chemotherapy or 4 cycles of EP chemotherapy. […] For stage 2C and 3 testicular cancer (seminoma and non seminoma) you usually have chemotherapy after surgery to remove your testicle. […] You usually have BEP chemotherapy. […] You usually have chemotherapy if your cancer comes back. […] Your doctor might offer you high dose chemotherapy. […] You might also have surgery or radiotherapy.
  • #4 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Testicular cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles. […] Treatment for testicular cancer can cause infertility. […] Testicular cancer can usually be cured in patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy after their primary treatment. […] Treatment of stage 0 may include the following: Radiation therapy, Surveillance, Surgery to remove the testicle. […] Treatment of stage I testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by surveillance. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage II testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma.
  • #4 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Treatment after orchiectomy is based on histology, staging, prognosis, and an individualized discussion with the patient on the benefits and harms of treatment options. […] Active surveillance involves more frequent monitoring than adjuvant therapy and is associated with higher recurrence rates, but it avoids the risks of radiation and chemotherapy. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years. […] Among men with a stage I seminoma, 83% to 85% are free from relapse five years after orchiectomy alone; therefore, surveillance without additional therapy is preferred. […] Patients with risk factors for relapse (i.e., tumor invasion of the rete testis or tumor size greater than 4 cm) may be candidates for adjuvant therapy with carboplatin or radiotherapy, which further reduces the risk of relapse by 83%.
  • #4 Testicular Cancer Treatments: What Are My Options?
    https://www.healthline.com/health/testicular-cancer-treatments
    The goal of RPLND is to stop the cancer from spreading to your kidneys and surrounding tissues. […] Radiation therapy uses concentrated doses of radiation aimed at specific areas that cancer cells affect. It helps stop the cancer cells from growing or destroys them by damaging their DNA. […] Chemotherapy (or chemo) delivers chemical drugs into your body to help destroy cancerous cells. Chemotherapy can also help stop testicular cancer from coming back. […] This treatment couples chemotherapy with a transplant of stem cells into your bones to help you regrow bone marrow that you lose or damage due to chemo. […] For stage 0 testicular cancer (aka carcinoma in situ), a doctor may recommend any of the following: surveillance, radiation, orchiectomy. […] If testicular cancer has progressed to stage 1 or further, you will likely need an orchiectomy. What treatment you have beyond surgery will depend on the type of tumor you have.
  • #4 EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/chapter/disease-management
    This requires a strict protocol of repeated cross-sectional imaging, monitoring of serum tumour markers and clinical assessment for the early identification of patients experiencing relapse who must receive salvage treatment. […] Several prospective, non-randomised surveillance studies have been conducted over the past decade. These have shown an overall risk of relapse in unselected CS I patients of 12-20% at five years with 17% in the largest series of over 1,500 patients. Most occur in the retroperitoneum during the first two years. […] According to a SR, AS offers almost identical OS as adjuvant management strategies, approaching 100%. […] The cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate on AS for CS I seminoma is over 99%. This is dependent on compliance with surveillance and treatment of relapse if this occurs.
  • #4 Testicular Cancer Treatment in Michigan | The CHC
    https://www.thechc.com/cancers-we-treat/testicular-cancer-treatment/
    Surgery is often the first line of treatment for testicular cancer, and it plays a big role in both diagnosis and therapy. […] This procedure, known as a radical inguinal orchiectomy, is performed to remove the cancerous tissue and prevent its spread completely. […] Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. […] The most common chemotherapy regimen for testicular cancer is a combination of drugs known as BEP (Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin). […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. […] Its most commonly used to treat seminoma-type testicular cancers, as this type is particularly sensitive to radiation. […] Immunotherapy is a newer approach to cancer treatment that harnesses the power of the bodys own immune system to fight cancer cells.
  • #4 How We Treat Testicular Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/testicular-cancer/treatment
    Our medical oncologists manage your cancer drug treatment; they also provide health and lifestyle counseling long after your chemotherapy treatment has ended. […] If you have been diagnosed with testicular cancer by another doctor, and would like a second opinion, please contact us at Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center. Our team provides second opinions for all stages and kinds of testicular cancer. […] Our expertise can be invaluable when deciding where to pursue treatment.
  • #4 Testicular Cancer Treatment in Michigan | The CHC
    https://www.thechc.com/cancers-we-treat/testicular-cancer-treatment/
    While it has shown promising results in some cases, its not yet a standard treatment for most testicular cancers. […] We offer a range of testicular cancer treatment options, along with cutting-edge procedures and clinical trials to support you on your journey to recovery. […] From standard treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy to innovative approaches such as immunotherapy, we strive to provide the most effective care possible. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal if left untreated. However, testicular cancer is one of the most treatable forms of cancer, especially when detected early. […] The key to preventing testicular cancer from becoming life-threatening lies in early detection and prompt treatment. […] Yes, testicular cancer can spread beyond the original site if left untreated. […] The ability to have children after testicular cancer treatment depends on several factors, including the type of treatment received and individual circumstances.
  • #5 4 Innovative Testicular Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center
    https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/testicular-cancer/testicular-cancer-treatment.html
    Orchiectomy: Surgery to remove the testicle. In most cases, orchiectomy is performed during testicular cancer diagnosis. […] Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND): For some patients, especially those with nonseminoma testicular cancer, surgery may also involve removal of lymph nodes in the abdominal area. […] Nerve-sparing techniques: To preserve normal ejaculation, the surgeons at MD Anderson are skilled in surgical techniques that may avoid damage to the nerves surrounding retroperitoneal lymph nodes in some men. […] Radiation is performed after surgery to remove the testicle (orchiectomy). If the tumor was a seminoma, the oncologist may choose „watchful waiting” to see if the testicular cancer returns or use radiation to treat the lymph nodes along the spine, where the majority of recurrences are located.
  • #5 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #5 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Treatment after orchiectomy is based on histology, staging, prognosis, and an individualized discussion with the patient on the benefits and harms of treatment options. […] Active surveillance involves more frequent monitoring than adjuvant therapy and is associated with higher recurrence rates, but it avoids the risks of radiation and chemotherapy. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years. […] Among men with a stage I seminoma, 83% to 85% are free from relapse five years after orchiectomy alone; therefore, surveillance without additional therapy is preferred. […] Patients with risk factors for relapse (i.e., tumor invasion of the rete testis or tumor size greater than 4 cm) may be candidates for adjuvant therapy with carboplatin or radiotherapy, which further reduces the risk of relapse by 83%.
  • #5 Treatment options for testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions
    A team of health professionals will discuss the best treatment for you. This depends on factors such as your cancer stage and grade. […] There are different treatment options for testicular cancer. These are: surgery, monitoring (surveillance), chemotherapy, radiotherapy. […] Most people have surgery to remove their testicle as their first treatment for testicular cancer. After surgery you might need further treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. […] If your cancer has spread beyond your testicle, you might have chemotherapy as your first treatment. […] Surgery is usually the first treatment for testicular cancer. After surgery you might have other treatments. […] You have surgery to remove your testicle as your first treatment. This surgery is called an orchidectomy or orchiectomy.
  • #5 Testicular Cancer | Conditions | UCSF Health
    https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/testicular-cancer
    Radiation therapy uses X-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation usually is emitted by a machine and is called external-beam radiation, rather than radiation emitted by a substance consumed by the patient. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be taken by pill, or injected into a vein. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the drugs enter the bloodstream, travel through the body and can kill cancer cells outside the testicle. […] Bone marrow transplantation is a newer type of treatment. In an autologous bone marrow transplant, bone marrow is taken from the patient and treated with drugs to kill cancer cells. The marrow is then frozen. The patient is given high-dose chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy to destroy the remaining marrow. The marrow removed from the patient is then thawed and returned to the patient by injection in a vein to replace the marrow that was destroyed.
  • #5 Testicular Cancer Treatment in Michigan | The CHC
    https://www.thechc.com/cancers-we-treat/testicular-cancer-treatment/
    While it has shown promising results in some cases, its not yet a standard treatment for most testicular cancers. […] We offer a range of testicular cancer treatment options, along with cutting-edge procedures and clinical trials to support you on your journey to recovery. […] From standard treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy to innovative approaches such as immunotherapy, we strive to provide the most effective care possible. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal if left untreated. However, testicular cancer is one of the most treatable forms of cancer, especially when detected early. […] The key to preventing testicular cancer from becoming life-threatening lies in early detection and prompt treatment. […] Yes, testicular cancer can spread beyond the original site if left untreated. […] The ability to have children after testicular cancer treatment depends on several factors, including the type of treatment received and individual circumstances.
  • #5 How We Treat Testicular Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/testicular-cancer/treatment
    Removing your testicle will not affect your ability to have children in the future or your ability to achieve and sustain an erection. […] After surgery and any other treatment, you will continue to meet with your team of doctors for regular scans and health check-ups. […] Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or stop cancer growth. Radiation therapy is mainly used for Stage 2 seminoma. […] Radiation therapy for testicular cancer is given by our experienced Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center team. […] Chemotherapy may be used after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells or keep them from returning. […] Throughout your treatment, our team of nurses, nutritionists, social workers and others works to minimize the toxicities and side effects of chemotherapy and maximize your quality of life.
  • #5 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%. […] The three basic types of treatment are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Surgery is performed by urologists; radiation therapy is administered by radiation oncologists; and chemotherapy is the work of medical oncologists. In most patients with testicular cancer, the disease is cured readily with minimal long-term morbidity. While treatment success depends on the stage, the average survival rate after five years is around 95%, and stage 1 cancer cases, if monitored properly, have essentially a 100% survival rate.
  • #6 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Testicular cancer surgery carries a risk of bleeding and infection. If you have surgery to remove lymph nodes, there’s also a risk that a nerve might be cut. Surgeons take great care to protect the nerves. Sometimes cutting a nerve can’t be avoided. This can lead to problems with ejaculating, but it generally doesn’t affect your ability to get an erection. Ask your health care provider about options for preserving your sperm before surgery. […] Chemotherapy treatment uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy travels throughout the body. It can kill cancer cells that may have spread beyond the testicle. […] Chemotherapy is often used after surgery. It can help kill any cancer cells that are still in the body. When testicular cancer is very advanced, sometimes chemotherapy is used before surgery.
  • #6 Treatment options for testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions
    You might have 3 cycles of BEP chemotherapy or 4 cycles of EP chemotherapy. […] For stage 2C and 3 testicular cancer (seminoma and non seminoma) you usually have chemotherapy after surgery to remove your testicle. […] You usually have BEP chemotherapy. […] You usually have chemotherapy if your cancer comes back. […] Your doctor might offer you high dose chemotherapy. […] You might also have surgery or radiotherapy.
  • #6 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #6 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    Active surveillance is the preferred treatment option after surgery for stage 1 seminoma because there is a low risk that the cancer will come back. It involves regular and frequent follow-up to look for signs and symptoms that the cancer has come back. Tests done during a visit include a physical exam, blood tests to check tumour marker levels and imaging tests. […] Radiation therapy may be offered after surgery for stage 1 seminoma if you can’t complete the regular and frequent follow-up of active surveillance. Radiation is directed at the lymph nodes in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum). It is sometimes given to the lymph nodes in the pelvis as well. […] Chemotherapy may be offered after surgery for stage 1 seminoma if you cant complete the regular and frequent follow-up of active surveillance. It can also be given after surgery if there are high levels of tumour markers in the blood. Most men are given carboplatin through a needle in a vein (intravenously).
  • #6 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Testicular cancer patients whose cancer relapses after combination chemotherapy are still curable through salvage chemotherapy or salvage high-dose chemotherapy. […] Patients rarely need high-dose chemotherapy as few people progress to this stage after standard combination chemotherapy. Although it is an intense regimen, it is curative with a medical team and facility with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant expertise, such as Dana-Farber. During high-dose chemotherapy, the medical team uses peripheral blood stem cells to repopulate bone marrow after treatment, which requires longer hospital stays and increased monitoring, and often involves intensified side effects. […] Metastatic patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy have a cure rate of 70 percent to 30 percent, depending on their risk level.
  • #6 EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/chapter/disease-management
    An RCT comparing one cycle of carboplatin reaching area under curve of 7 mg/mL/min (AUC 7) to adjuvant RT showed no difference in relapse-free rates (95% and 96%), time to recurrence and survival after a median follow-up of four years. Adjuvant carboplatin (AUC 7) is therefore an alternative to surveillance in CS I SGCT. […] One cycle of adjuvant carboplatin does not seem to have significant long-term toxicities. […] Radiotherapy should generally be reserved for a highly selective group of patients, who would be unsuitable for systemic chemotherapy in the event of relapse. This relates to the toxicity of RT, specifically the long-term risk of non-germ cell malignancies in the radiation field. […] Prospective trials based on tumour size 4 cm and stromal RTI have demonstrated the feasibility of a risk-adapted approach.
  • #6 Testicular Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating.html
    Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision. […] Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms.
  • #6 Testicular Cancer Treatment Program
    https://www.massgeneral.org/cancer-center/treatments-and-services/genitourinary-cancers/testicular-cancer
    Exact diagnosis and staging are critical to finding the right treatment for your cancer. Our team includes highly sub-specialized pathologists who work exclusively with genitourinary cancers. […] We perform a large number of testicular cancer diagnostic and treatment procedures annually. […] Our radiation oncologists use the most advanced imaging techniques and delivery technology. […] Clinical trials are research studies of new drugs, new combinations of drugs or already approved drugs being studied to treat patients in new and different ways. […] Cancer is increasingly becoming a disease in which the genetic make-up of each individual cancer drives therapy. […] Testicles are part of the male reproductive system. They produce sperm and several male hormones, including testosterone. Cancer that begins in the tissues of a testicle is called testicular cancer.
  • #6 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #7 Testicular Cancer Treatment Options
    https://www.virginiacancer.com/testicular-cancer/testicular-cancer-treatment-options/
    Men who’ve been diagnosed with testicular cancer have a number of treatment options depending on the type and stage. Most men will start with surgery to remove the testicle. After determining whether the cancer has spread and the type of testicular cancer it is, one or more of the following treatments may be recommended by the urologist or oncologist: Surveillance (Watchful Waiting), Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant. […] After the doctor removes the testicle, the tumor will be evaluated to determine what types of testicular cancer it is and to see if it has spread. Some men will have the lymph nodes removed in the groin area during the initial surgery or in a follow-up surgery to help determine whether its spread beyond the testicle. […] Your doctor will weigh many factors before recommending treatment. After a discussion regarding the risks and side effects of treatment, you may decide that active surveillance, or watchful waiting, is the right option for you. If your testicular cancer has not spread beyond the testicles, it is possible for your oncologist to closely monitor your status for up to 10 years. Regular three to six-month checks, that include image testing, by your doctor should follow your initial decision for surveillance. However, if the cancer has spread beyond the testicles radiation and/or chemotherapy may be needed.
  • #7 Testicular Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/testicular-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/
    For patients with good-risk pure seminoma, standard primary chemotherapy with 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP is the recommended treatment. […] For patients with intermediate-risk disease, 4 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) are recommended. […] The primary treatment strategies for patients with advanced metastatic nonseminoma are based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification. […] The recommended primary treatment for patients with good-risk nonseminoma is either 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP, both of which have an approximate cure rate of 90% in this population. […] Following primary chemotherapy, if there is no residual disease and tumor marker levels are normal, surveillance is recommended. […] If tumor marker levels are elevated and rising, third-line therapy consisting of clinical trial participation is preferred, and low- or high-dose chemotherapy may also be considered.
  • #7 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18202-1
    Radiation therapy is a treatment for cancer that uses beams of energy, often X-rays, to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. […] Testicular cancer is most often first treated with surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also be involved in the treatment. […] When radiation is used, it is most often used to treat the type of testicular cancer called seminoma. […] Radiation therapy is mainly used to kill testicular cancer cells that may have spread to lymph nodes. It might be used after an orchiectomy (surgery to remove the testicle). […] Radiation might be used to treat cancer that has spread to other parts of your body, such as the brain. […] A healthcare provider who specializes in treating cancer with radiation is called a radiation oncologist. […] Radiation is often given once a day, 5 days a week, for several weeks.
  • #7 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Nonseminomas, also called nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, are a group of histologically distinct cancers (embryonal carcinoma; yolk sac tumors; trophoblastic tumors, including choriocarcinoma; and postpubertal teratomas) that are treated similarly. […] Postorchiectomy treatment for stage II and III nonseminomas includes cisplatin-based chemotherapy and/or RPLND, based on lymph node involvement and whether tumor markers remain elevated after orchiectomy. […] All patients with testicular cancer must be followed closely for five years after primary treatment to monitor for recurrence. […] Follow-up includes a history and physical examination, with testicular ultrasonography for any detectable mass. Tumor markers are optional for stage I and IIA seminoma follow-up, but are recommended for advanced seminomas and all nonseminomas.
  • #7 Testicular Cancer | Conditions | UCSF Health
    https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/testicular-cancer
    Radiation therapy uses X-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation usually is emitted by a machine and is called external-beam radiation, rather than radiation emitted by a substance consumed by the patient. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be taken by pill, or injected into a vein. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the drugs enter the bloodstream, travel through the body and can kill cancer cells outside the testicle. […] Bone marrow transplantation is a newer type of treatment. In an autologous bone marrow transplant, bone marrow is taken from the patient and treated with drugs to kill cancer cells. The marrow is then frozen. The patient is given high-dose chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy to destroy the remaining marrow. The marrow removed from the patient is then thawed and returned to the patient by injection in a vein to replace the marrow that was destroyed.
  • #7 EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/chapter/disease-management
    An RCT comparing one cycle of carboplatin reaching area under curve of 7 mg/mL/min (AUC 7) to adjuvant RT showed no difference in relapse-free rates (95% and 96%), time to recurrence and survival after a median follow-up of four years. Adjuvant carboplatin (AUC 7) is therefore an alternative to surveillance in CS I SGCT. […] One cycle of adjuvant carboplatin does not seem to have significant long-term toxicities. […] Radiotherapy should generally be reserved for a highly selective group of patients, who would be unsuitable for systemic chemotherapy in the event of relapse. This relates to the toxicity of RT, specifically the long-term risk of non-germ cell malignancies in the radiation field. […] Prospective trials based on tumour size 4 cm and stromal RTI have demonstrated the feasibility of a risk-adapted approach.
  • #7
    https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/sites/urologic-oncology/about-urologic-cancers/testicular/treatment.html
    Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. […] The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. External radiation therapy is used to treat testicular cancer. […] High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant is a method of giving high doses of chemotherapy and replacing blood -forming cells destroyed by the cancer treatment. […] For some patients, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. […] Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future.
  • #7 Testicular cancer treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/testicular-cancer/treatment
    If testicular cancer comes back, it can usually be treated successfully. […] After your test results, you and your doctor start to talk about your treatment. Your doctor usually meets with other specialists to get their opinions too. […] A team of specialists meet to talk about the best treatment for you. They are called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] The MDT for testicular cancer will usually include a surgeon (urologist), an oncologist, a specialist urology nurse, a radiologist, and a pathologist. […] After the meeting, your specialist doctor and nurse will talk to you about your treatment options. […] Treatment will depend on the type and the stage of the cancer. Your doctors will talk to you about the treatment they feel is best for you. […] If the cancer has spread outside your testicle, you will be offered chemotherapy after your orchidectomy. Occasionally, radiotherapy may be offered.
  • #7 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%. […] The three basic types of treatment are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Surgery is performed by urologists; radiation therapy is administered by radiation oncologists; and chemotherapy is the work of medical oncologists. In most patients with testicular cancer, the disease is cured readily with minimal long-term morbidity. While treatment success depends on the stage, the average survival rate after five years is around 95%, and stage 1 cancer cases, if monitored properly, have essentially a 100% survival rate.
  • #8 4 Innovative Testicular Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center
    https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/testicular-cancer/testicular-cancer-treatment.html
    Orchiectomy: Surgery to remove the testicle. In most cases, orchiectomy is performed during testicular cancer diagnosis. […] Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND): For some patients, especially those with nonseminoma testicular cancer, surgery may also involve removal of lymph nodes in the abdominal area. […] Nerve-sparing techniques: To preserve normal ejaculation, the surgeons at MD Anderson are skilled in surgical techniques that may avoid damage to the nerves surrounding retroperitoneal lymph nodes in some men. […] Radiation is performed after surgery to remove the testicle (orchiectomy). If the tumor was a seminoma, the oncologist may choose „watchful waiting” to see if the testicular cancer returns or use radiation to treat the lymph nodes along the spine, where the majority of recurrences are located.
  • #8 Testicular Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/testicular-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/
    For patients with good-risk pure seminoma, standard primary chemotherapy with 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP is the recommended treatment. […] For patients with intermediate-risk disease, 4 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) are recommended. […] The primary treatment strategies for patients with advanced metastatic nonseminoma are based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification. […] The recommended primary treatment for patients with good-risk nonseminoma is either 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP, both of which have an approximate cure rate of 90% in this population. […] Following primary chemotherapy, if there is no residual disease and tumor marker levels are normal, surveillance is recommended. […] If tumor marker levels are elevated and rising, third-line therapy consisting of clinical trial participation is preferred, and low- or high-dose chemotherapy may also be considered.
  • #8 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #8 Testicular Cancer Treatment Options
    https://www.virginiacancer.com/testicular-cancer/testicular-cancer-treatment-options/
    Men who’ve been diagnosed with testicular cancer have a number of treatment options depending on the type and stage. Most men will start with surgery to remove the testicle. After determining whether the cancer has spread and the type of testicular cancer it is, one or more of the following treatments may be recommended by the urologist or oncologist: Surveillance (Watchful Waiting), Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant. […] After the doctor removes the testicle, the tumor will be evaluated to determine what types of testicular cancer it is and to see if it has spread. Some men will have the lymph nodes removed in the groin area during the initial surgery or in a follow-up surgery to help determine whether its spread beyond the testicle. […] Your doctor will weigh many factors before recommending treatment. After a discussion regarding the risks and side effects of treatment, you may decide that active surveillance, or watchful waiting, is the right option for you. If your testicular cancer has not spread beyond the testicles, it is possible for your oncologist to closely monitor your status for up to 10 years. Regular three to six-month checks, that include image testing, by your doctor should follow your initial decision for surveillance. However, if the cancer has spread beyond the testicles radiation and/or chemotherapy may be needed.
  • #8 Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Symptoms | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html
    Testicular cancer can usually be cured. The treatment options include: […] Surgery (if the testicle has not already been removed during diagnosis). […] Radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy. […] High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant. […] Surveillance, which might be done after surgery. It means that your provider will closely follow your condition with regular exams and tests. You won’t get any further treatment unless there are changes in your test results. […] Some of the treatments may also cause infertility. If you may want to have children later on, you should consider sperm banking before treatment. […] After you have finished your treatment, you will need regular follow-up testing to make sure that the cancer has not come back. If you have had cancer in one testicle, you have a higher risk of getting cancer in the other testicle. So it’s important to check the other testicle regularly and let your provider know if you notice any changes or unusual symptoms.
  • #8 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #8 Testicular Cancer: Treatment Choices | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/testicular-cancer-treatment-choices
    Radiation therapy. The goal of radiation therapy is to kill cancer cells. It’s mainly used to treat a type of testicular cancer called a seminoma. […] Researchers are always looking for new ways to treat testicular cancer. These new methods are tested in clinical trials. Taking part in a clinical trial means you get the best treatment available today, and you might also get new treatments that are thought to be even better.
  • #8 Testicular Cancer | Cancer Institute | Memorial Healthcare System
    https://www.mhs.net/services/cancer-care/conditions-treatments-and-services/testicular-cancer
    A testicular cancer diagnosis does not have to get in the way of your busy life. The condition is curable, especially when caught early. For exceptional services and outcomes, put your trust in Memorial Cancer Institute. […] There are many treatment pathways for testicular cancer, including surgery, radiation oncology and medical oncology. Surgery involves removing the affected testicle and nearby lymph nodes if there is concern it has spread. Chemotherapy uses medications to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy uses radiation to disrupt cancer cell growth. […] We determine the best course of care for your needs and carry it out seamlessly. Even if cancer spreads to other areas, we often eliminate it. Specially trained oncology nurses (patient navigators) provide support throughout testicular cancer treatment. They help you make appointments and answer any questions you may have.
  • #8 Testicular cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
    Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for non-seminoma when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body (that is, stage 2B or 3). The standard chemotherapy protocol is three, or sometimes four, rounds of Bleomycin-Etoposide-Cisplatin (BEP). […] Treatment of testicular cancer is one of the success stories of modern medicine, with sustained response to treatment in more than 90% of cases, regardless of stage. […] In the United States, when the disease is treated while it is still localized, more than 99% of people survive 5 years.
  • #9 Get Testicular Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/testicular-cancer-treatment
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable and its survival rates are among the highest of all cancers. […] Our highly-skilled providers care for thousands of cancer patients each year. They have unique expertise in managing simple and complex conditions and recurrent urologic cancers with surgery, medications and minimally invasive treatments, like retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), which helps speed up recovery. […] Our cancer experts have pioneered many treatment methods for urologic cancers and have experience in nerve-sparing surgery that saves your ability to ejaculate in more than 95% of testicular cancer patients. […] Testicular cancer management is complicated, and sometimes overtreatment may occur if your provider is not as experienced with treating this condition. […] Once your care team has finished your exam and testing, theyll let you know for sure if you have testicular cancer. And if you do, theyll start working with you to design a personalized treatment plan. Depending on your cancers stage and other factors, you might have surgery or a combination of surgery and other treatments.
  • #9 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    Surgery is part of the treatment for stage 2 seminoma. The type of surgery done is called an orchiectomy. […] Active surveillance is offered for stage 2A seminoma after surgery if tumour marker levels are not elevated in the blood. […] Radiation therapy is offered after surgery for stages 2A and some 2B seminoma. Radiation is directed at the lymph nodes in the back of the abdomen and in the pelvis. […] Chemotherapy is usually offered after surgery for stage 2 seminoma. Chemotherapy may also be used if any cancer comes back after radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is given through a needle in a vein (intravenously). You may be offered one of the following chemotherapy combinations: BEP bleomycin, etoposide (Vepesid) and cisplatin, EP etoposide and cisplatin, VIP etoposide, ifosfamide (Ifex) and cisplatin.
  • #9 How is testicular cancer treated? | The Royal Marsden
    https://www.royalmarsden.nhs.uk/how-testicular-cancer-treated
    Testicular cancer is usually curable. The sooner testicular cancer is diagnosed and treated, the more likely full recovery is. The majority (91 percent) of people with testicular cancer survive for 10 or more years. […] Testicular cancer is usually treated with surgery to remove the affected testicle. You may also be offered chemotherapy and radiotherapy, depending on the type and stage of your cancer. […] Surgery to remove the affected testicle is usually the first treatment recommended for testicular cancer. This is called an orchidectomy. […] After surgery to remove your testicle, you may need a dose of chemotherapy to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back. Or if the cancer has spread, you may need one or more cycles of chemotherapy. […] Radiotherapy may be used for stage 2 seminomas instead of, or in combination with, chemotherapy. It can reduce the risk of the cancer returning in the lymph nodes at the back of the abdomen.
  • #9 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    Active surveillance is the preferred treatment option after surgery for stage 1 seminoma because there is a low risk that the cancer will come back. It involves regular and frequent follow-up to look for signs and symptoms that the cancer has come back. Tests done during a visit include a physical exam, blood tests to check tumour marker levels and imaging tests. […] Radiation therapy may be offered after surgery for stage 1 seminoma if you can’t complete the regular and frequent follow-up of active surveillance. Radiation is directed at the lymph nodes in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum). It is sometimes given to the lymph nodes in the pelvis as well. […] Chemotherapy may be offered after surgery for stage 1 seminoma if you cant complete the regular and frequent follow-up of active surveillance. It can also be given after surgery if there are high levels of tumour markers in the blood. Most men are given carboplatin through a needle in a vein (intravenously).
  • #9 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Testicular cancer patients whose cancer relapses after combination chemotherapy are still curable through salvage chemotherapy or salvage high-dose chemotherapy. […] Patients rarely need high-dose chemotherapy as few people progress to this stage after standard combination chemotherapy. Although it is an intense regimen, it is curative with a medical team and facility with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant expertise, such as Dana-Farber. During high-dose chemotherapy, the medical team uses peripheral blood stem cells to repopulate bone marrow after treatment, which requires longer hospital stays and increased monitoring, and often involves intensified side effects. […] Metastatic patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy have a cure rate of 70 percent to 30 percent, depending on their risk level.
  • #9 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | IU Health
    https://iuhealth.org/find-medical-services/testicular-cancer
    Further metastasis often appears in the lungs and requires more aggressive treatment such as chemotherapy. […] Depending on the type and stage of your cancer, your treatment may require surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation. […] In treating testicular cancer your physicians will speak with you about cure rates, not just survival rates. […] We understand that treatment for testicular cancer can be difficult in young men. […] After testicular cancer, surveillance is crucial. […] Lifesaving treatments developed over the last 50 years have made testicular cancer one of the most survivable cancers. […] Researchers and physicians at IU Health have helped develop innovative treatments through clinical trials for this cancer.
  • #9 Testicular cancer treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/testicular-cancer/treatment
    If testicular cancer comes back, it can usually be treated successfully. […] After your test results, you and your doctor start to talk about your treatment. Your doctor usually meets with other specialists to get their opinions too. […] A team of specialists meet to talk about the best treatment for you. They are called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] The MDT for testicular cancer will usually include a surgeon (urologist), an oncologist, a specialist urology nurse, a radiologist, and a pathologist. […] After the meeting, your specialist doctor and nurse will talk to you about your treatment options. […] Treatment will depend on the type and the stage of the cancer. Your doctors will talk to you about the treatment they feel is best for you. […] If the cancer has spread outside your testicle, you will be offered chemotherapy after your orchidectomy. Occasionally, radiotherapy may be offered.
  • #9 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #10 Get Testicular Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/testicular-cancer-treatment
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable and its survival rates are among the highest of all cancers. […] Our highly-skilled providers care for thousands of cancer patients each year. They have unique expertise in managing simple and complex conditions and recurrent urologic cancers with surgery, medications and minimally invasive treatments, like retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), which helps speed up recovery. […] Our cancer experts have pioneered many treatment methods for urologic cancers and have experience in nerve-sparing surgery that saves your ability to ejaculate in more than 95% of testicular cancer patients. […] Testicular cancer management is complicated, and sometimes overtreatment may occur if your provider is not as experienced with treating this condition. […] Once your care team has finished your exam and testing, theyll let you know for sure if you have testicular cancer. And if you do, theyll start working with you to design a personalized treatment plan. Depending on your cancers stage and other factors, you might have surgery or a combination of surgery and other treatments.
  • #10 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Treatment after orchiectomy is based on histology, staging, prognosis, and an individualized discussion with the patient on the benefits and harms of treatment options. […] Active surveillance involves more frequent monitoring than adjuvant therapy and is associated with higher recurrence rates, but it avoids the risks of radiation and chemotherapy. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years. […] Among men with a stage I seminoma, 83% to 85% are free from relapse five years after orchiectomy alone; therefore, surveillance without additional therapy is preferred. […] Patients with risk factors for relapse (i.e., tumor invasion of the rete testis or tumor size greater than 4 cm) may be candidates for adjuvant therapy with carboplatin or radiotherapy, which further reduces the risk of relapse by 83%.
  • #10 Testicular Cancer Treatment Options – NYC | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) – New York
    https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/testicular-cancer/treatments
    Active surveillance for testicular cancer has over a 99% survival rate for properly selected patients. […] We use chemotherapy to cure testicular cancer that has spread beyond your testicles or to keep it from coming back after your testicle has been removed. […] Some men with seminoma may benefit from radiation. Radiation treatment for testicular cancer is a lower dose than whats given for other cancers. […] Radiation therapy causes cancer cells to break or die by targeting the DNA with high-energy X-ray particles. […] The most common type of radiation we use is called external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Its painless, similar to getting an X-ray but with more intense radiation.
  • #10 Testicular Cancer Treatment Options
    https://www.virginiacancer.com/testicular-cancer/testicular-cancer-treatment-options/
    Men who’ve been diagnosed with testicular cancer have a number of treatment options depending on the type and stage. Most men will start with surgery to remove the testicle. After determining whether the cancer has spread and the type of testicular cancer it is, one or more of the following treatments may be recommended by the urologist or oncologist: Surveillance (Watchful Waiting), Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant. […] After the doctor removes the testicle, the tumor will be evaluated to determine what types of testicular cancer it is and to see if it has spread. Some men will have the lymph nodes removed in the groin area during the initial surgery or in a follow-up surgery to help determine whether its spread beyond the testicle. […] Your doctor will weigh many factors before recommending treatment. After a discussion regarding the risks and side effects of treatment, you may decide that active surveillance, or watchful waiting, is the right option for you. If your testicular cancer has not spread beyond the testicles, it is possible for your oncologist to closely monitor your status for up to 10 years. Regular three to six-month checks, that include image testing, by your doctor should follow your initial decision for surveillance. However, if the cancer has spread beyond the testicles radiation and/or chemotherapy may be needed.
  • #10 Testicular Cancer | Duke Health
    https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/testicular-cancer
    Specjaliści w programach urologicznych i onkologicznych Duke’a stosują najnowsze techniki medyczne i chirurgiczne w leczeniu raka jądra oraz starają się zachować jak najwięcej normalnej funkcji. […] Nasz doświadczony zespół medyczny zapewnia, że otrzymasz najlepszą opiekę, która skutkuje efektywnym leczeniem raka i zachowaniem zdolności reprodukcyjnych. […] Jeśli rak się rozprzestrzenił, zazwyczaj wymagana jest chemioterapia. […] Nasi wykwalifikowani onkolodzy chirurgiczni precyzyjnie usuwają węzły chłonne za pomocą procedury chirurgicznej, która oszczędza nerwy kontrolujące ejakulację. […] Jesteśmy również doskonale przygotowani do przeprowadzenia przeszczepu komórek macierzystych, jeśli zajdzie taka potrzeba w przypadku zaawansowanego raka jądra, który nie reaguje na konwencjonalną chemioterapię.
  • #10 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    Surgery is part of the treatment for stage 2 seminoma. The type of surgery done is called an orchiectomy. […] Active surveillance is offered for stage 2A seminoma after surgery if tumour marker levels are not elevated in the blood. […] Radiation therapy is offered after surgery for stages 2A and some 2B seminoma. Radiation is directed at the lymph nodes in the back of the abdomen and in the pelvis. […] Chemotherapy is usually offered after surgery for stage 2 seminoma. Chemotherapy may also be used if any cancer comes back after radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is given through a needle in a vein (intravenously). You may be offered one of the following chemotherapy combinations: BEP bleomycin, etoposide (Vepesid) and cisplatin, EP etoposide and cisplatin, VIP etoposide, ifosfamide (Ifex) and cisplatin.
  • #10
  • #10 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #10 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #11 Surgery for Testicular Cancer | NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/testicular-cancer/treatments/surgery-for-testicular-cancer
    A combination of the surgeries to remove the testicle and abdominal lymph nodes may cure many early nonseminoma tumors. Research shows that men with advanced testicular cancer who have lymph node surgery after chemotherapy may be able to further reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. […] Men who have had one testicle removed usually continue to have normal sexual function and fertility, since only one testicle is needed to maintain hormone production. Removal of the testicular tumor can even improve fertility if the tumor suppressed sperm production. […] If you are concerned about a loss of fertility, our experts can refer you to NYU Langone’s Fertility Center and NYU Langone Reproductive Specialists of New York, where specialists can advise you on banking or freezing sperm before surgery.
  • #11 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    Active surveillance is the preferred treatment option after surgery for stage 1 seminoma because there is a low risk that the cancer will come back. It involves regular and frequent follow-up to look for signs and symptoms that the cancer has come back. Tests done during a visit include a physical exam, blood tests to check tumour marker levels and imaging tests. […] Radiation therapy may be offered after surgery for stage 1 seminoma if you can’t complete the regular and frequent follow-up of active surveillance. Radiation is directed at the lymph nodes in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum). It is sometimes given to the lymph nodes in the pelvis as well. […] Chemotherapy may be offered after surgery for stage 1 seminoma if you cant complete the regular and frequent follow-up of active surveillance. It can also be given after surgery if there are high levels of tumour markers in the blood. Most men are given carboplatin through a needle in a vein (intravenously).
  • #11 Testicular Cancer Treatment Options – NYC | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) – New York
    https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/testicular-cancer/treatments
    Active surveillance for testicular cancer has over a 99% survival rate for properly selected patients. […] We use chemotherapy to cure testicular cancer that has spread beyond your testicles or to keep it from coming back after your testicle has been removed. […] Some men with seminoma may benefit from radiation. Radiation treatment for testicular cancer is a lower dose than whats given for other cancers. […] Radiation therapy causes cancer cells to break or die by targeting the DNA with high-energy X-ray particles. […] The most common type of radiation we use is called external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Its painless, similar to getting an X-ray but with more intense radiation.
  • #11 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #11 Testicular Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/testicular-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/
    For patients with good-risk pure seminoma, standard primary chemotherapy with 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP is the recommended treatment. […] For patients with intermediate-risk disease, 4 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) are recommended. […] The primary treatment strategies for patients with advanced metastatic nonseminoma are based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification. […] The recommended primary treatment for patients with good-risk nonseminoma is either 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP, both of which have an approximate cure rate of 90% in this population. […] Following primary chemotherapy, if there is no residual disease and tumor marker levels are normal, surveillance is recommended. […] If tumor marker levels are elevated and rising, third-line therapy consisting of clinical trial participation is preferred, and low- or high-dose chemotherapy may also be considered.
  • #11 Testicular Cancer Treatment Program
    https://www.massgeneral.org/cancer-center/treatments-and-services/genitourinary-cancers/testicular-cancer
    Exact diagnosis and staging are critical to finding the right treatment for your cancer. Our team includes highly sub-specialized pathologists who work exclusively with genitourinary cancers. […] We perform a large number of testicular cancer diagnostic and treatment procedures annually. […] Our radiation oncologists use the most advanced imaging techniques and delivery technology. […] Clinical trials are research studies of new drugs, new combinations of drugs or already approved drugs being studied to treat patients in new and different ways. […] Cancer is increasingly becoming a disease in which the genetic make-up of each individual cancer drives therapy. […] Testicles are part of the male reproductive system. They produce sperm and several male hormones, including testosterone. Cancer that begins in the tissues of a testicle is called testicular cancer.
  • #11 Treatment for testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/treatment/
    Before you start treatment, you’ll be offered the option to collect and store your sperm (called sperm banking). In the future you can use your sperm in fertility treatment. […] Having a testicle removed does not usually affect your fertility. […] If you have advanced testicular cancer it might be very hard to treat. It may not be possible to cure the cancer. […] If this is the case, the aim of your treatment will be to limit the cancer and its symptoms, and help you live longer.
  • #11 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #12 Treatment for testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/treatment/
    You might also have surgery to remove lymph nodes (small glands that are part of the body’s immune system) in your tummy if your cancer has or might have spread to them. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] You may have chemotherapy for testicular cancer: after surgery to help stop the cancer coming back, if the cancer has come back or spread to other parts of your body. […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] You may have radiotherapy if you have a certain type of testicular cancer and the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes (small glands that are part of the body’s immune system) in your tummy. […] Some treatments for testicular cancer, such as chemotherapy, can affect your fertility. This means you might not be able to have children.
  • #12 Treatment options for testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions
    You might also have surgery to remove lymph nodes in your tummy (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection). […] Chemotherapy uses anti cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. The drugs circulate throughout the body in your bloodstream. […] Chemotherapy is a common treatment if you have a higher risk of your cancer coming back, or your cancer has already spread. […] You might have radiotherapy if seminoma testicular cancer has spread to the lymph glands at the back of your tummy (abdomen). […] The treatment you have depends on several factors, including your cancer stage. […] You have surgery to remove the testicle. […] Your doctor will talk to you about the risk of your cancer coming back and whether further treatment might be an option. […] You might have one cycle of a chemotherapy called carboplatin.
  • #12 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18202-1
    Before your first radiation treatment, you will have a planning session called simulation. […] The radiation beams are controlled and formed to fit a field in your body that has the highest chance of having cancer. […] On the days you get radiation treatment, you’ll lie on a table attached to the radiation machine. […] The treatment is a lot like getting an X-ray, but it takes longer. […] The therapist may also place a shield around the scrotum to protect the remaining testicle. […] Radiation affects normal cells as well as cancer cells. So you may have some side effects. […] Common short-term side effects include: nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss in the treated area, severe tiredness, skin irritation, secondary cancer, decrease in fertility, kidney damage. […] Most side effects go away over time after treatment ends. But some long-term side effects may not show up until many years later.
  • #12 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Nonseminomas, also called nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, are a group of histologically distinct cancers (embryonal carcinoma; yolk sac tumors; trophoblastic tumors, including choriocarcinoma; and postpubertal teratomas) that are treated similarly. […] Postorchiectomy treatment for stage II and III nonseminomas includes cisplatin-based chemotherapy and/or RPLND, based on lymph node involvement and whether tumor markers remain elevated after orchiectomy. […] All patients with testicular cancer must be followed closely for five years after primary treatment to monitor for recurrence. […] Follow-up includes a history and physical examination, with testicular ultrasonography for any detectable mass. Tumor markers are optional for stage I and IIA seminoma follow-up, but are recommended for advanced seminomas and all nonseminomas.
  • #12 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Testicular cancer patients whose cancer relapses after combination chemotherapy are still curable through salvage chemotherapy or salvage high-dose chemotherapy. […] Patients rarely need high-dose chemotherapy as few people progress to this stage after standard combination chemotherapy. Although it is an intense regimen, it is curative with a medical team and facility with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant expertise, such as Dana-Farber. During high-dose chemotherapy, the medical team uses peripheral blood stem cells to repopulate bone marrow after treatment, which requires longer hospital stays and increased monitoring, and often involves intensified side effects. […] Metastatic patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy have a cure rate of 70 percent to 30 percent, depending on their risk level.
  • #12 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #12
    https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/sites/urologic-oncology/about-urologic-cancers/testicular/treatment.html
    Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. […] The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. External radiation therapy is used to treat testicular cancer. […] High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant is a method of giving high doses of chemotherapy and replacing blood -forming cells destroyed by the cancer treatment. […] For some patients, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. […] Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future.
  • #12 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #12 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #13 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects may include nausea and fatigue. Radiation therapy also can temporarily lower sperm counts. This can affect your fertility. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before radiation therapy. […] Immunotherapy is treatment with medicine that helps your body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used for advanced testicular cancer. It might be an option if the cancer doesn’t respond to other treatments.
  • #13 Testicular Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/testicular-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/
    For patients with good-risk pure seminoma, standard primary chemotherapy with 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP is the recommended treatment. […] For patients with intermediate-risk disease, 4 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) are recommended. […] The primary treatment strategies for patients with advanced metastatic nonseminoma are based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification. […] The recommended primary treatment for patients with good-risk nonseminoma is either 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP, both of which have an approximate cure rate of 90% in this population. […] Following primary chemotherapy, if there is no residual disease and tumor marker levels are normal, surveillance is recommended. […] If tumor marker levels are elevated and rising, third-line therapy consisting of clinical trial participation is preferred, and low- or high-dose chemotherapy may also be considered.
  • #13 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18202-1
    Radiation therapy is a treatment for cancer that uses beams of energy, often X-rays, to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. […] Testicular cancer is most often first treated with surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also be involved in the treatment. […] When radiation is used, it is most often used to treat the type of testicular cancer called seminoma. […] Radiation therapy is mainly used to kill testicular cancer cells that may have spread to lymph nodes. It might be used after an orchiectomy (surgery to remove the testicle). […] Radiation might be used to treat cancer that has spread to other parts of your body, such as the brain. […] A healthcare provider who specializes in treating cancer with radiation is called a radiation oncologist. […] Radiation is often given once a day, 5 days a week, for several weeks.
  • #13 Treatments for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment
    If you have testicular cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. When deciding which treatments to offer for testicular cancer, your healthcare team will consider: […] Surgery is the primary treatment for testicular cancer. […] Chemotherapy is commonly used to treat testicular cancer. […] Radiation therapy is used to treat seminoma testicular cancer. […] Active surveillance is the preferred treatment after surgery for early testicular cancer. […] Follow-up for testicular cancer is scheduled for 5 to 10 years after treatment.
  • #13 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Testicular cancer patients whose cancer relapses after combination chemotherapy are still curable through salvage chemotherapy or salvage high-dose chemotherapy. […] Patients rarely need high-dose chemotherapy as few people progress to this stage after standard combination chemotherapy. Although it is an intense regimen, it is curative with a medical team and facility with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant expertise, such as Dana-Farber. During high-dose chemotherapy, the medical team uses peripheral blood stem cells to repopulate bone marrow after treatment, which requires longer hospital stays and increased monitoring, and often involves intensified side effects. […] Metastatic patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy have a cure rate of 70 percent to 30 percent, depending on their risk level.
  • #13 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    Surgery is part of the treatment for stage 3 seminoma. The first type of surgery done is an orchiectomy. […] Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for stage 3 seminoma. It is usually given after an orchiectomy. Chemotherapy may also be used before surgery if the cancer had already spread and doctors confirmed it was seminoma by doing a biopsy of the metastases. Chemotherapy is given through a needle in a vein. You may be offered one of the following chemotherapy combinations: BEP bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, VIP etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin, EP etoposide and cisplatin. […] Relapsed seminoma means that the cancer has come back after it has been treated. The following are treatment options for relapsed seminoma. […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment for relapsed seminoma. The combination of chemotherapy drugs given will depend on the treatments that were used to treat the original cancer.
  • #13 How We Treat Testicular Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/testicular-cancer/treatment
    Removing your testicle will not affect your ability to have children in the future or your ability to achieve and sustain an erection. […] After surgery and any other treatment, you will continue to meet with your team of doctors for regular scans and health check-ups. […] Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or stop cancer growth. Radiation therapy is mainly used for Stage 2 seminoma. […] Radiation therapy for testicular cancer is given by our experienced Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center team. […] Chemotherapy may be used after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells or keep them from returning. […] Throughout your treatment, our team of nurses, nutritionists, social workers and others works to minimize the toxicities and side effects of chemotherapy and maximize your quality of life.
  • #13 Testicular cancer treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/testicular-cancer/treatment
    If testicular cancer has spread to other areas in the body and tumour markers are high, you may be offered chemotherapy before having surgery. […] If you have a non-seminoma that has spread, you may need 3 or 4 sessions of chemotherapy. […] If you have a seminoma that has spread, your doctor may offer you 3 or 4 courses of chemotherapy. […] If testicular cancer comes back, treatment can usually cure it. […] With early-stage testicular cancer, surgery alone may cure the cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be offered to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back. […] You can talk about the benefits and disadvantages of treatment with your doctor. […] If early-stage testicular cancer comes back, the aim of treatment is still usually to cure it. […] If the cancer is very advanced or comes back after initial treatment, you may need intensive chemotherapy. […] Rarely, very advanced testicular cancer may not respond well to treatment. […] Making decisions about treatment can be difficult. […] Doctors need your permission (consent) before you have any treatment. […] A second opinion is an opinion from a different doctor about your treatment.
  • #14 Treatment for testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/treatment/
    Testicular cancer is often treatable. […] The treatment you have will depend on: the size and type of testicular cancer you have, if it has spread, your general health. […] It will usually include surgery to remove the testicle. This may be your only treatment or you may also have chemotherapy or radiotherapy. […] Some treatments for testicular cancer can affect your fertility. Before you start treatment, you’ll be offered the option to collect and store your sperm (called sperm banking). […] Surgery to remove the testicle (orchidectomy) is the main treatment for testicular cancer. […] It may be the only treatment you need. […] You’ll usually be given the choice to have an artificial testicle put in. […] Rarely, you may only need part of your testicle removing (partial orchidectomy).
  • #14 Testicular Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/testicular-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/
    For patients with good-risk pure seminoma, standard primary chemotherapy with 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP is the recommended treatment. […] For patients with intermediate-risk disease, 4 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) are recommended. […] The primary treatment strategies for patients with advanced metastatic nonseminoma are based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification. […] The recommended primary treatment for patients with good-risk nonseminoma is either 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP, both of which have an approximate cure rate of 90% in this population. […] Following primary chemotherapy, if there is no residual disease and tumor marker levels are normal, surveillance is recommended. […] If tumor marker levels are elevated and rising, third-line therapy consisting of clinical trial participation is preferred, and low- or high-dose chemotherapy may also be considered.
  • #14 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18202-1
    Before your first radiation treatment, you will have a planning session called simulation. […] The radiation beams are controlled and formed to fit a field in your body that has the highest chance of having cancer. […] On the days you get radiation treatment, you’ll lie on a table attached to the radiation machine. […] The treatment is a lot like getting an X-ray, but it takes longer. […] The therapist may also place a shield around the scrotum to protect the remaining testicle. […] Radiation affects normal cells as well as cancer cells. So you may have some side effects. […] Common short-term side effects include: nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss in the treated area, severe tiredness, skin irritation, secondary cancer, decrease in fertility, kidney damage. […] Most side effects go away over time after treatment ends. But some long-term side effects may not show up until many years later.
  • #14 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Nonseminomas, also called nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, are a group of histologically distinct cancers (embryonal carcinoma; yolk sac tumors; trophoblastic tumors, including choriocarcinoma; and postpubertal teratomas) that are treated similarly. […] Postorchiectomy treatment for stage II and III nonseminomas includes cisplatin-based chemotherapy and/or RPLND, based on lymph node involvement and whether tumor markers remain elevated after orchiectomy. […] All patients with testicular cancer must be followed closely for five years after primary treatment to monitor for recurrence. […] Follow-up includes a history and physical examination, with testicular ultrasonography for any detectable mass. Tumor markers are optional for stage I and IIA seminoma follow-up, but are recommended for advanced seminomas and all nonseminomas.
  • #14 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Testicular cancer patients whose cancer relapses after combination chemotherapy are still curable through salvage chemotherapy or salvage high-dose chemotherapy. […] Patients rarely need high-dose chemotherapy as few people progress to this stage after standard combination chemotherapy. Although it is an intense regimen, it is curative with a medical team and facility with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant expertise, such as Dana-Farber. During high-dose chemotherapy, the medical team uses peripheral blood stem cells to repopulate bone marrow after treatment, which requires longer hospital stays and increased monitoring, and often involves intensified side effects. […] Metastatic patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy have a cure rate of 70 percent to 30 percent, depending on their risk level.
  • #14 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    High-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide may be used if testicular cancer comes back after it is treated with standard-dose chemotherapy or salvage chemotherapy. After high-dose chemotherapy, a stem cell transplant is done to replace the stem cells that are damaged or destroyed by high-dose chemotherapy. The stem cell transplant uses stem cells from your own blood (called autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant). […] Surgery may be done to remove a seminoma if it comes back after salvage chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell transplant. […] Radiation therapy can be used if the cancer comes back during active surveillance or after chemotherapy with carboplatin. The cancer must only be in the lymph nodes at the back of the abdomen. Radiation is directed at the retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
  • #14 Testicular Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating.html
    For some people, when treatments have been tried and are no longer controlling the cancer, it could be time to weigh the benefits and risks of continuing to try new treatments. […] Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] Hospice care is designed to provide the best possible quality of life for people who are near the end of life.
  • #14 Testicular Cancer: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/279007-overview
    Primary testicular tumors are the most common solid malignant tumor in men 20 to 35 years of age in the United States. […] Radical inguinal orchiectomy is the definitive procedure to permit histologic evaluation of the primary tumor and to provide local tumor control. […] Initial therapy is selected according to the following features of the cancer: Stage group, Risk stratification (good, intermediate, or poor risk), Histology (seminoma versus nonseminoma). […] With stage I seminoma, cure can sometimes be achieved by radical inguinal orchiectomy alone. Patients with more advanced disease require adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. […] Testicular cancers are very sensitive to chemotherapy and are curable even when metastatic. […] In the past, metastatic testicular cancer was usually fatal, but advances in treatment, including high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue, have considerably improved the prognosis. […] Testicular cancer survivors are susceptible to a range of late consequences of the biological and psychological stress experienced during cancer therapy.
  • #15 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Testicular cancer treatment often involves surgery and chemotherapy. Which treatment options are best for you depends on the type of testicular cancer you have and its stage. Your health care team also considers your overall health and your preferences. […] Operations used to treat testicular cancer include: […] Surgery to remove the testicle. This procedure is called a radical inguinal orchiectomy. It’s the first treatment for most testicular cancers. To remove the testicle, a surgeon makes a cut in the groin. The entire testicle is pulled out through the opening. A prosthetic, gel-filled testicle can be inserted if you choose. This might be the only treatment needed if the cancer hasn’t spread beyond the testicle. […] Surgery to remove nearby lymph nodes. If there’s concern that your cancer may have spread beyond your testicle, you might have surgery to remove some lymph nodes. To remove the lymph nodes, the surgeon makes a cut in the belly. The lymph nodes are tested in a lab to look for cancer. Surgery to remove lymph nodes is often used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #15 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #15 logo–sylvester
    https://umiamihealth.org/en/sylvester-comprehensive-cancer-center/treatments-and-services/genitourinary-cancers/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable, even when it has spread beyond the testicles. […] Testicular cancer treatment is based on several factors: overall health and medical history, disease reach, and other individual factors. […] Surgery is nearly always the first treatment for testicular cancer. However, removal of the testicle (inguinal orchiectomy) and some of the lymph nodes in the lower abdomen may occur during diagnosis and staging. Stage I patients are cured with removal of the testicle 85 percent of the time, without chemotherapy. […] The goal of chemotherapy is to kill remaining cancer cells so cancer doesn’t come back. […] External radiation therapy targets high levels of radiation to the cancer cells. […] Most testicular cancers can be cured with surgery and chemotherapy. However, seminoma, a type of testicular cancer, can be treated with radiation therapy after surgery with a cure rate approaching 98 percent. […] Palliative care specialists and psychologists are available to help you fit cancer treatment into your life.
  • #15 EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/chapter/disease-management
    This requires a strict protocol of repeated cross-sectional imaging, monitoring of serum tumour markers and clinical assessment for the early identification of patients experiencing relapse who must receive salvage treatment. […] Several prospective, non-randomised surveillance studies have been conducted over the past decade. These have shown an overall risk of relapse in unselected CS I patients of 12-20% at five years with 17% in the largest series of over 1,500 patients. Most occur in the retroperitoneum during the first two years. […] According to a SR, AS offers almost identical OS as adjuvant management strategies, approaching 100%. […] The cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate on AS for CS I seminoma is over 99%. This is dependent on compliance with surveillance and treatment of relapse if this occurs.
  • #15 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Testicular cancer patients whose cancer relapses after combination chemotherapy are still curable through salvage chemotherapy or salvage high-dose chemotherapy. […] Patients rarely need high-dose chemotherapy as few people progress to this stage after standard combination chemotherapy. Although it is an intense regimen, it is curative with a medical team and facility with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant expertise, such as Dana-Farber. During high-dose chemotherapy, the medical team uses peripheral blood stem cells to repopulate bone marrow after treatment, which requires longer hospital stays and increased monitoring, and often involves intensified side effects. […] Metastatic patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy have a cure rate of 70 percent to 30 percent, depending on their risk level.
  • #15 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Testicular cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles. […] Treatment for testicular cancer can cause infertility. […] Testicular cancer can usually be cured in patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy after their primary treatment. […] Treatment of stage 0 may include the following: Radiation therapy, Surveillance, Surgery to remove the testicle. […] Treatment of stage I testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by surveillance. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage II testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma.
  • #15 After surgery | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/treatment/surgery/after
    Your recovery depends on the type of surgery you have and your general health. […] Most people can go back to normal activities, including work, after about 2 weeks. […] Surgery to remove lymph nodes at the back of your tummy (abdomen) is called a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). […] This is a bigger operation than having surgery to remove your testicle. […] Your wound will be sore or painful at first but your nurse will give you painkillers to help relieve the pain. […] You get painkillers to take home. […] You should avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for at least 6 weeks. […] You usually have surgery. You might have chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This depends on the stage and type of your testicular cancer.
  • #15 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Cancer alone may affect fertility. A systematic review found that up to 50% of patients with testicular cancer have semen abnormalities prior to orchiectomy. […] Among testicular cancer survivors, 48% to 92% successfully have children posttreatment, often with the use of assisted reproductive techniques. […] Testicular cancer and its treatment increase the risk of hypogonadism. […] Adjuvant therapy increases the short- and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease in testicular cancer survivors.
  • #16 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #16 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Treatment after orchiectomy is based on histology, staging, prognosis, and an individualized discussion with the patient on the benefits and harms of treatment options. […] Active surveillance involves more frequent monitoring than adjuvant therapy and is associated with higher recurrence rates, but it avoids the risks of radiation and chemotherapy. […] The risk of testicular cancer recurrence is greatest within two to three years of primary treatment, and surveillance is continued for up to five years. […] Among men with a stage I seminoma, 83% to 85% are free from relapse five years after orchiectomy alone; therefore, surveillance without additional therapy is preferred. […] Patients with risk factors for relapse (i.e., tumor invasion of the rete testis or tumor size greater than 4 cm) may be candidates for adjuvant therapy with carboplatin or radiotherapy, which further reduces the risk of relapse by 83%.
  • #16 EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/chapter/disease-management
    This requires a strict protocol of repeated cross-sectional imaging, monitoring of serum tumour markers and clinical assessment for the early identification of patients experiencing relapse who must receive salvage treatment. […] Several prospective, non-randomised surveillance studies have been conducted over the past decade. These have shown an overall risk of relapse in unselected CS I patients of 12-20% at five years with 17% in the largest series of over 1,500 patients. Most occur in the retroperitoneum during the first two years. […] According to a SR, AS offers almost identical OS as adjuvant management strategies, approaching 100%. […] The cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate on AS for CS I seminoma is over 99%. This is dependent on compliance with surveillance and treatment of relapse if this occurs.
  • #16
  • #16 EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/chapter/disease-management
    Management options for CS I NSGCTs include surveillance and adjuvant chemotherapy. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has a limited role. […] Overall, approximately 70% of CS I NSGCTs are cured with orchiectomy alone. […] Surveillance for CS I NSGCT entails a strict protocol of repeated cross-sectional imaging, monitoring of serum tumour markers and clinical assessment for the early identification of patients experiencing relapse who must receive salvage treatment. […] Adjuvant chemotherapy has been evaluated with both one and two cycles of BEP (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin) in CS I NSGCT. […] A risk-adapted strategy is an alternative to any single approach for patients with CS I NSGCT. […] The standard regimen in good-risk seminoma is three, twenty-one days cycles of BEP. Alternatively, EP x 4 may be considered especially when bleomycin is contraindicated.
  • #16 After surgery | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/treatment/surgery/after
    Your recovery depends on the type of surgery you have and your general health. […] Most people can go back to normal activities, including work, after about 2 weeks. […] Surgery to remove lymph nodes at the back of your tummy (abdomen) is called a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). […] This is a bigger operation than having surgery to remove your testicle. […] Your wound will be sore or painful at first but your nurse will give you painkillers to help relieve the pain. […] You get painkillers to take home. […] You should avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for at least 6 weeks. […] You usually have surgery. You might have chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This depends on the stage and type of your testicular cancer.
  • #16 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Cancer alone may affect fertility. A systematic review found that up to 50% of patients with testicular cancer have semen abnormalities prior to orchiectomy. […] Among testicular cancer survivors, 48% to 92% successfully have children posttreatment, often with the use of assisted reproductive techniques. […] Testicular cancer and its treatment increase the risk of hypogonadism. […] Adjuvant therapy increases the short- and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease in testicular cancer survivors.
  • #17 Combination and High-Dose Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/combination-high-dose-chemotherapy-for-testicular-cancer-patients
    Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many cancers, including testicular cancer. But, for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, for example, combination chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy may be needed. […] Combination chemotherapy consists of two treatment regimens: BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin). […] Patients usually receive three cycles of three drugs over the course of three weeks for a total of nine weeks, but may undergo four cycles of combination therapy depending on their risk level. […] Chemotherapy is very effective in treating testicular cancer patients. Good risk patients who undergo combination chemotherapy for three cycles have a cure rate of more than 95 percent. Those patients categorized as intermediate risk have a 75-80 percent cure rate after four cycles of treatment and poor risk patients have a 60 percent cure rate after four cycles.
  • #17 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18202-1
    Before your first radiation treatment, you will have a planning session called simulation. […] The radiation beams are controlled and formed to fit a field in your body that has the highest chance of having cancer. […] On the days you get radiation treatment, you’ll lie on a table attached to the radiation machine. […] The treatment is a lot like getting an X-ray, but it takes longer. […] The therapist may also place a shield around the scrotum to protect the remaining testicle. […] Radiation affects normal cells as well as cancer cells. So you may have some side effects. […] Common short-term side effects include: nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss in the treated area, severe tiredness, skin irritation, secondary cancer, decrease in fertility, kidney damage. […] Most side effects go away over time after treatment ends. But some long-term side effects may not show up until many years later.
  • #17 EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/chapter/disease-management
    This requires a strict protocol of repeated cross-sectional imaging, monitoring of serum tumour markers and clinical assessment for the early identification of patients experiencing relapse who must receive salvage treatment. […] Several prospective, non-randomised surveillance studies have been conducted over the past decade. These have shown an overall risk of relapse in unselected CS I patients of 12-20% at five years with 17% in the largest series of over 1,500 patients. Most occur in the retroperitoneum during the first two years. […] According to a SR, AS offers almost identical OS as adjuvant management strategies, approaching 100%. […] The cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate on AS for CS I seminoma is over 99%. This is dependent on compliance with surveillance and treatment of relapse if this occurs.
  • #17 EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/chapter/disease-management
    Management options for CS I NSGCTs include surveillance and adjuvant chemotherapy. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has a limited role. […] Overall, approximately 70% of CS I NSGCTs are cured with orchiectomy alone. […] Surveillance for CS I NSGCT entails a strict protocol of repeated cross-sectional imaging, monitoring of serum tumour markers and clinical assessment for the early identification of patients experiencing relapse who must receive salvage treatment. […] Adjuvant chemotherapy has been evaluated with both one and two cycles of BEP (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin) in CS I NSGCT. […] A risk-adapted strategy is an alternative to any single approach for patients with CS I NSGCT. […] The standard regimen in good-risk seminoma is three, twenty-one days cycles of BEP. Alternatively, EP x 4 may be considered especially when bleomycin is contraindicated.
  • #17 logo–sylvester
    https://umiamihealth.org/en/sylvester-comprehensive-cancer-center/treatments-and-services/genitourinary-cancers/testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is highly treatable, even when it has spread beyond the testicles. […] Testicular cancer treatment is based on several factors: overall health and medical history, disease reach, and other individual factors. […] Surgery is nearly always the first treatment for testicular cancer. However, removal of the testicle (inguinal orchiectomy) and some of the lymph nodes in the lower abdomen may occur during diagnosis and staging. Stage I patients are cured with removal of the testicle 85 percent of the time, without chemotherapy. […] The goal of chemotherapy is to kill remaining cancer cells so cancer doesn’t come back. […] External radiation therapy targets high levels of radiation to the cancer cells. […] Most testicular cancers can be cured with surgery and chemotherapy. However, seminoma, a type of testicular cancer, can be treated with radiation therapy after surgery with a cure rate approaching 98 percent. […] Palliative care specialists and psychologists are available to help you fit cancer treatment into your life.
  • #17 Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65777/
    Radiation therapy, often used in the management of pure seminomatous germ cell cancers, has been linked to the development of secondary cancers, especially solid tumors in the radiation portal, usually after a latency period of a decade or more. […] Men with testicular cancer who have been treated with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. […] Although testicular cancer is highly curable, all newly diagnosed patients are appropriate candidates for clinical trials designed to decrease morbidity of treatment while further improving cure rates.
  • #18 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #18 Patient education: Testicular cancer (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/testicular-cancer-beyond-the-basics
    There are a number of side effects and complications that can develop as a result of chemotherapy. These can be divided into acute side effects (which occur during and shortly after treatment) and long-term risks. […] The most common side effect of RPLND is decreased or absent semen with ejaculation. Advances in surgical techniques with nerve-sparing RPLND have reduced the incidence of this problem. […] During RT, fatigue is common but usually not debilitating. Gastrointestinal effects, including nausea, vomiting, increased stool frequency, and rapid gastric emptying, have been described but are not typical. […] Relapses of testicular germ cell tumors usually occur within two years of the end of treatment, although they can occur later. As a result, all people who have been successfully treated for testicular cancer should be monitored for cancer recurrence with blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, and other imaging tests.
  • #18 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Testicular cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles. […] Treatment for testicular cancer can cause infertility. […] Testicular cancer can usually be cured in patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy after their primary treatment. […] Treatment of stage 0 may include the following: Radiation therapy, Surveillance, Surgery to remove the testicle. […] Treatment of stage I testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by surveillance. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage II testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma.
  • #18 Testicular Cancer | Cancer Institute | Memorial Healthcare System
    https://www.mhs.net/services/cancer-care/conditions-treatments-and-services/testicular-cancer
    Surgical excellence: We typically use robotic surgical techniques involving small incisions and advanced technologies. This method helps us remove cancer and nearby lymph nodes toward the back of the abdomen, where it often spreads. This procedure (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection) is not widely available in the region. […] Medical oncology specialists: You receive care from a medical oncologist specializing in urologic cancers. They stay current with the latest research and testicular cancer care options. Our experience from regularly treating testicular cancer helps us manage small details so that you achieve the best possible outcomes. […] Whole-person care: We think about your long-term quality of life before therapies start. If you need chemotherapy, we may recommend fertility services to preserve your ability to have children. Integrative medicine services, such as acupuncture and massage, can ease the stress and discomfort that often occurs with cancer treatment.
  • #18 Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65777/
    Radiation therapy, often used in the management of pure seminomatous germ cell cancers, has been linked to the development of secondary cancers, especially solid tumors in the radiation portal, usually after a latency period of a decade or more. […] Men with testicular cancer who have been treated with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. […] Although testicular cancer is highly curable, all newly diagnosed patients are appropriate candidates for clinical trials designed to decrease morbidity of treatment while further improving cure rates.
  • #19 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #19 Life After Testicular Cancer Surgery
    https://www.webmd.com/cancer/life-after-testicular-cancer
    This is one of the most treatable cancers. About 95% of men will survive more than 5 years after its diagnosed. […] If you need chemotherapy or radiation after surgery, you should not try to get a woman pregnant. […] But if your cancer has spread and surgery isnt a good option, youre going to need more treatment. That usually means radiation or chemotherapy. […] Radiation may make you feel very tired. You may throw up — or feel like youre going to — or have diarrhea. These are side effects. […] Chemotherapy, or chemo, means fighting cancer cells with medicine. The drugs either kill them or stop them from splitting into more cells. […] Chemotherapy is likely to cause infertility, and it could be permanent. Whatever treatment you get, talk to your doctor about preserving your sperm if you still want children.
  • #19 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #19 Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Symptoms | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html
    Testicular cancer can usually be cured. The treatment options include: […] Surgery (if the testicle has not already been removed during diagnosis). […] Radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy. […] High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant. […] Surveillance, which might be done after surgery. It means that your provider will closely follow your condition with regular exams and tests. You won’t get any further treatment unless there are changes in your test results. […] Some of the treatments may also cause infertility. If you may want to have children later on, you should consider sperm banking before treatment. […] After you have finished your treatment, you will need regular follow-up testing to make sure that the cancer has not come back. If you have had cancer in one testicle, you have a higher risk of getting cancer in the other testicle. So it’s important to check the other testicle regularly and let your provider know if you notice any changes or unusual symptoms.
  • #19 Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p261.html
    Cancer alone may affect fertility. A systematic review found that up to 50% of patients with testicular cancer have semen abnormalities prior to orchiectomy. […] Among testicular cancer survivors, 48% to 92% successfully have children posttreatment, often with the use of assisted reproductive techniques. […] Testicular cancer and its treatment increase the risk of hypogonadism. […] Adjuvant therapy increases the short- and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease in testicular cancer survivors.
  • #20 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #20 Patient education: Testicular cancer (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/testicular-cancer-beyond-the-basics
    There are a number of side effects and complications that can develop as a result of chemotherapy. These can be divided into acute side effects (which occur during and shortly after treatment) and long-term risks. […] The most common side effect of RPLND is decreased or absent semen with ejaculation. Advances in surgical techniques with nerve-sparing RPLND have reduced the incidence of this problem. […] During RT, fatigue is common but usually not debilitating. Gastrointestinal effects, including nausea, vomiting, increased stool frequency, and rapid gastric emptying, have been described but are not typical. […] Relapses of testicular germ cell tumors usually occur within two years of the end of treatment, although they can occur later. As a result, all people who have been successfully treated for testicular cancer should be monitored for cancer recurrence with blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, and other imaging tests.
  • #20 Treatment options for testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions
    You might have 3 cycles of BEP chemotherapy or 4 cycles of EP chemotherapy. […] For stage 2C and 3 testicular cancer (seminoma and non seminoma) you usually have chemotherapy after surgery to remove your testicle. […] You usually have BEP chemotherapy. […] You usually have chemotherapy if your cancer comes back. […] Your doctor might offer you high dose chemotherapy. […] You might also have surgery or radiotherapy.
  • #20 Testicular Cancer – Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | IU Health
    https://iuhealth.org/find-medical-services/testicular-cancer
    Further metastasis often appears in the lungs and requires more aggressive treatment such as chemotherapy. […] Depending on the type and stage of your cancer, your treatment may require surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation. […] In treating testicular cancer your physicians will speak with you about cure rates, not just survival rates. […] We understand that treatment for testicular cancer can be difficult in young men. […] After testicular cancer, surveillance is crucial. […] Lifesaving treatments developed over the last 50 years have made testicular cancer one of the most survivable cancers. […] Researchers and physicians at IU Health have helped develop innovative treatments through clinical trials for this cancer.
  • #20 Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65777/
    Radical inguinal orchiectomy with initial high ligation of the spermatic cord is the procedure of choice in diagnosing and treating a malignant testicular mass. […] Evaluation of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, usually by CT scan, is an important aspect of staging and treatment planning in adults with testicular cancer. […] Patients who have been cured of testicular cancer have approximately a 2% cumulative risk of developing cancer in the opposite testicle during the 15 years after initial diagnosis. […] Because most patients with testicular cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy are curable, it is necessary to be aware of possible long-term effects of the various treatment modalities. […] Many patients have oligospermia or sperm abnormalities before therapy, but semen analysis results generally become more normal after treatment. The impact of standard chemotherapy on fertility in patients with testicular cancer is not well defined, although it is well documented that most men can father children after treatment, often without the use of cryopreserved semen.
  • #21 Life After Testicular Cancer Surgery
    https://www.webmd.com/cancer/life-after-testicular-cancer
    This is one of the most treatable cancers. About 95% of men will survive more than 5 years after its diagnosed. […] If you need chemotherapy or radiation after surgery, you should not try to get a woman pregnant. […] But if your cancer has spread and surgery isnt a good option, youre going to need more treatment. That usually means radiation or chemotherapy. […] Radiation may make you feel very tired. You may throw up — or feel like youre going to — or have diarrhea. These are side effects. […] Chemotherapy, or chemo, means fighting cancer cells with medicine. The drugs either kill them or stop them from splitting into more cells. […] Chemotherapy is likely to cause infertility, and it could be permanent. Whatever treatment you get, talk to your doctor about preserving your sperm if you still want children.
  • #21 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18202-1
    Before your first radiation treatment, you will have a planning session called simulation. […] The radiation beams are controlled and formed to fit a field in your body that has the highest chance of having cancer. […] On the days you get radiation treatment, you’ll lie on a table attached to the radiation machine. […] The treatment is a lot like getting an X-ray, but it takes longer. […] The therapist may also place a shield around the scrotum to protect the remaining testicle. […] Radiation affects normal cells as well as cancer cells. So you may have some side effects. […] Common short-term side effects include: nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss in the treated area, severe tiredness, skin irritation, secondary cancer, decrease in fertility, kidney damage. […] Most side effects go away over time after treatment ends. But some long-term side effects may not show up until many years later.
  • #21 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #21 Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65777/
    Radiation therapy, often used in the management of pure seminomatous germ cell cancers, has been linked to the development of secondary cancers, especially solid tumors in the radiation portal, usually after a latency period of a decade or more. […] Men with testicular cancer who have been treated with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. […] Although testicular cancer is highly curable, all newly diagnosed patients are appropriate candidates for clinical trials designed to decrease morbidity of treatment while further improving cure rates.
  • #22 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the specific medicines being used. Common side effects include fatigue, hearing loss and an increased risk of infection. […] Chemotherapy also may cause your body to stop making sperm. Often, sperm production starts again as you get better after cancer treatment. But sometimes losing sperm production is permanent. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. The radiation can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the seminoma type of testicular cancer. Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to remove your testicle. […] Radiation therapy typically isn’t used to treat the nonseminoma type of testicular cancer.
  • #22 Patient education: Testicular cancer (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/testicular-cancer-beyond-the-basics
    There are a number of side effects and complications that can develop as a result of chemotherapy. These can be divided into acute side effects (which occur during and shortly after treatment) and long-term risks. […] The most common side effect of RPLND is decreased or absent semen with ejaculation. Advances in surgical techniques with nerve-sparing RPLND have reduced the incidence of this problem. […] During RT, fatigue is common but usually not debilitating. Gastrointestinal effects, including nausea, vomiting, increased stool frequency, and rapid gastric emptying, have been described but are not typical. […] Relapses of testicular germ cell tumors usually occur within two years of the end of treatment, although they can occur later. As a result, all people who have been successfully treated for testicular cancer should be monitored for cancer recurrence with blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, and other imaging tests.
  • #22 Testicular Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/testicular-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/
    For patients with good-risk pure seminoma, standard primary chemotherapy with 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP is the recommended treatment. […] For patients with intermediate-risk disease, 4 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) are recommended. […] The primary treatment strategies for patients with advanced metastatic nonseminoma are based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification. […] The recommended primary treatment for patients with good-risk nonseminoma is either 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP, both of which have an approximate cure rate of 90% in this population. […] Following primary chemotherapy, if there is no residual disease and tumor marker levels are normal, surveillance is recommended. […] If tumor marker levels are elevated and rising, third-line therapy consisting of clinical trial participation is preferred, and low- or high-dose chemotherapy may also be considered.
  • #23 Testicular Cancer | Testicular Cancer Symptoms | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html
    Testicular cancer can usually be cured. The treatment options include: […] Surgery (if the testicle has not already been removed during diagnosis). […] Radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy. […] High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant. […] Surveillance, which might be done after surgery. It means that your provider will closely follow your condition with regular exams and tests. You won’t get any further treatment unless there are changes in your test results. […] Some of the treatments may also cause infertility. If you may want to have children later on, you should consider sperm banking before treatment. […] After you have finished your treatment, you will need regular follow-up testing to make sure that the cancer has not come back. If you have had cancer in one testicle, you have a higher risk of getting cancer in the other testicle. So it’s important to check the other testicle regularly and let your provider know if you notice any changes or unusual symptoms.
  • #23 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18202-1
    Before your first radiation treatment, you will have a planning session called simulation. […] The radiation beams are controlled and formed to fit a field in your body that has the highest chance of having cancer. […] On the days you get radiation treatment, you’ll lie on a table attached to the radiation machine. […] The treatment is a lot like getting an X-ray, but it takes longer. […] The therapist may also place a shield around the scrotum to protect the remaining testicle. […] Radiation affects normal cells as well as cancer cells. So you may have some side effects. […] Common short-term side effects include: nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss in the treated area, severe tiredness, skin irritation, secondary cancer, decrease in fertility, kidney damage. […] Most side effects go away over time after treatment ends. But some long-term side effects may not show up until many years later.
  • #23 Testicular Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/testicular-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/
    For patients with good-risk pure seminoma, standard primary chemotherapy with 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP is the recommended treatment. […] For patients with intermediate-risk disease, 4 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) are recommended. […] The primary treatment strategies for patients with advanced metastatic nonseminoma are based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification. […] The recommended primary treatment for patients with good-risk nonseminoma is either 3 cycles of BEP or 4 cycles of EP, both of which have an approximate cure rate of 90% in this population. […] Following primary chemotherapy, if there is no residual disease and tumor marker levels are normal, surveillance is recommended. […] If tumor marker levels are elevated and rising, third-line therapy consisting of clinical trial participation is preferred, and low- or high-dose chemotherapy may also be considered.
  • #23 Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65777/
    Radical inguinal orchiectomy with initial high ligation of the spermatic cord is the procedure of choice in diagnosing and treating a malignant testicular mass. […] Evaluation of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, usually by CT scan, is an important aspect of staging and treatment planning in adults with testicular cancer. […] Patients who have been cured of testicular cancer have approximately a 2% cumulative risk of developing cancer in the opposite testicle during the 15 years after initial diagnosis. […] Because most patients with testicular cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy are curable, it is necessary to be aware of possible long-term effects of the various treatment modalities. […] Many patients have oligospermia or sperm abnormalities before therapy, but semen analysis results generally become more normal after treatment. The impact of standard chemotherapy on fertility in patients with testicular cancer is not well defined, although it is well documented that most men can father children after treatment, often without the use of cryopreserved semen.
  • #24 Life After Testicular Cancer Surgery
    https://www.webmd.com/cancer/life-after-testicular-cancer
    This is one of the most treatable cancers. About 95% of men will survive more than 5 years after its diagnosed. […] If you need chemotherapy or radiation after surgery, you should not try to get a woman pregnant. […] But if your cancer has spread and surgery isnt a good option, youre going to need more treatment. That usually means radiation or chemotherapy. […] Radiation may make you feel very tired. You may throw up — or feel like youre going to — or have diarrhea. These are side effects. […] Chemotherapy, or chemo, means fighting cancer cells with medicine. The drugs either kill them or stop them from splitting into more cells. […] Chemotherapy is likely to cause infertility, and it could be permanent. Whatever treatment you get, talk to your doctor about preserving your sperm if you still want children.
  • #24 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects may include nausea and fatigue. Radiation therapy also can temporarily lower sperm counts. This can affect your fertility. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before radiation therapy. […] Immunotherapy is treatment with medicine that helps your body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used for advanced testicular cancer. It might be an option if the cancer doesn’t respond to other treatments.
  • #24 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #25 Treatment for testicular cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/testicular-cancer/treatment/
    Before you start treatment, you’ll be offered the option to collect and store your sperm (called sperm banking). In the future you can use your sperm in fertility treatment. […] Having a testicle removed does not usually affect your fertility. […] If you have advanced testicular cancer it might be very hard to treat. It may not be possible to cure the cancer. […] If this is the case, the aim of your treatment will be to limit the cancer and its symptoms, and help you live longer.
  • #25 Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65777/
    Radiation therapy, often used in the management of pure seminomatous germ cell cancers, has been linked to the development of secondary cancers, especially solid tumors in the radiation portal, usually after a latency period of a decade or more. […] Men with testicular cancer who have been treated with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. […] Although testicular cancer is highly curable, all newly diagnosed patients are appropriate candidates for clinical trials designed to decrease morbidity of treatment while further improving cure rates.
  • #25 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    Surgery is part of the treatment for stage 3 seminoma. The first type of surgery done is an orchiectomy. […] Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for stage 3 seminoma. It is usually given after an orchiectomy. Chemotherapy may also be used before surgery if the cancer had already spread and doctors confirmed it was seminoma by doing a biopsy of the metastases. Chemotherapy is given through a needle in a vein. You may be offered one of the following chemotherapy combinations: BEP bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, VIP etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin, EP etoposide and cisplatin. […] Relapsed seminoma means that the cancer has come back after it has been treated. The following are treatment options for relapsed seminoma. […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment for relapsed seminoma. The combination of chemotherapy drugs given will depend on the treatments that were used to treat the original cancer.
  • #26 Testicular cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352991
    Side effects may include nausea and fatigue. Radiation therapy also can temporarily lower sperm counts. This can affect your fertility. Ask your health care provider about your options for preserving your sperm before radiation therapy. […] Immunotherapy is treatment with medicine that helps your body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used for advanced testicular cancer. It might be an option if the cancer doesn’t respond to other treatments.
  • #26 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #27 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    High-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide may be used if testicular cancer comes back after it is treated with standard-dose chemotherapy or salvage chemotherapy. After high-dose chemotherapy, a stem cell transplant is done to replace the stem cells that are damaged or destroyed by high-dose chemotherapy. The stem cell transplant uses stem cells from your own blood (called autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant). […] Surgery may be done to remove a seminoma if it comes back after salvage chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell transplant. […] Radiation therapy can be used if the cancer comes back during active surveillance or after chemotherapy with carboplatin. The cancer must only be in the lymph nodes at the back of the abdomen. Radiation is directed at the retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
  • #28 Testicular Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq
    Treatment of seminoma may include the following: When the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by radiation therapy to lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with long-term follow-up. […] Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma. […] Treatment of seminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following: Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following: Combination chemotherapy, High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, Surgery to remove cancer that has either come back more than 2 years after complete remission; or come back in only one place and does not respond to chemotherapy.
  • #29 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    High-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide may be used if testicular cancer comes back after it is treated with standard-dose chemotherapy or salvage chemotherapy. After high-dose chemotherapy, a stem cell transplant is done to replace the stem cells that are damaged or destroyed by high-dose chemotherapy. The stem cell transplant uses stem cells from your own blood (called autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant). […] Surgery may be done to remove a seminoma if it comes back after salvage chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell transplant. […] Radiation therapy can be used if the cancer comes back during active surveillance or after chemotherapy with carboplatin. The cancer must only be in the lymph nodes at the back of the abdomen. Radiation is directed at the retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
  • #30 Treatments for seminoma | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/treatment/seminoma
    High-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide may be used if testicular cancer comes back after it is treated with standard-dose chemotherapy or salvage chemotherapy. After high-dose chemotherapy, a stem cell transplant is done to replace the stem cells that are damaged or destroyed by high-dose chemotherapy. The stem cell transplant uses stem cells from your own blood (called autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant). […] Surgery may be done to remove a seminoma if it comes back after salvage chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell transplant. […] Radiation therapy can be used if the cancer comes back during active surveillance or after chemotherapy with carboplatin. The cancer must only be in the lymph nodes at the back of the abdomen. Radiation is directed at the retroperitoneal lymph nodes.