Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma: Treatment, Outcomes, and Nutrition Overview for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/22/4/cholangiocarcinoma-treatment-outcomes-and-nutrition-overview

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that arises from the bile ducts inside or outside of the liver. […] The lethality of this cancer stems, in part, from challenges with supportive care during treatment. […] Nursing literature regarding cholangiocarcinoma is scarce. Studies that focus on nursing care, symptom management, and nursing management of patients with biliary obstruction are needed. Nutrition and palliative care management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma are key areas of nursing management.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma: a nursing perspective – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690613/

  Primary cancer of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma [CC]) is a rare malignancy that presents many nursing challenges. This article focuses on disease presentation, treatment options, quality of life, and the nurse’s unique role in caring for this patient population. Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that offers a potential cure and prolonged survival. In patients with unresectable disease, biliary bypass or nonoperative biliary drainage procedures can provide palliation. Other palliative treatment modalities include chemotherapy, radiation, and photodynamic therapy. The sudden onset, limited treatment options, and overall poor prognosis add to the challenge of caring for patients with CC.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  Cancer of the bile duct (also called cholangiocarcinoma) is extremely rare. The true incidence of bile duct cancer is unknown because establishing an accurate diagnosis is difficult. […] Many bile duct cancers are multifocal. In most patients, the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery and is incurable. Palliative measures such as resection, radiation therapy (e.g., brachytherapy or external-beam radiation therapy), or stenting procedures may maintain adequate biliary drainage and allow for improved quality of life. […] The treatment of bile duct cancer depends primarily on whether the cancer can be completely removed by surgery. […] Localized intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct cancer may be completely removed by surgery. These tumors represent a very small number of cases and are usually in the distal common bile duct. Among patients treated with surgical resection, long-term prognosis varies depending on primary tumor extent, margin status, lymph node involvement, and additional pathological features.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with bile duct cancer, your treatment team will discuss your options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Your treatment options will depend on several factors: […] Cancer care teams also include other health care professionals such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, counselors, dietitians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and others. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment

  Surgery is the preferred treatment for bile duct cancer and offers the best chance for a cure. […] A comprehensive program to support the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of people with bile duct cancer during and after treatment. This includes nurses who are trained specifically to care for people with bile duct cancer during outpatient chemotherapy or after surgery.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/bile-duct-cancer

  Your treatment and ongoing care are discussed every week during a meeting of our cancer specialists in surgery, radiology, medical oncology, and gastroenterology. This team evaluates the status of every patient, so your personalized care plan is always updated based on your needs. If you need to see more than one doctor, we can help you coordinate your appointments so that you visit with multiple experts on one day. […] Surgery to remove cancer from your bile ducts is complex and requires a high degree of experience and expertise. Studies show that patients who undergo complex surgical procedures in major cancer centers like ours experience fewer surgical complications, shorter hospital stays, and a faster recovery. […] Our comprehensive support services range from helping patients minimize the side effects of treatment to coping with the emotional and psychological effects of diagnosis and treatment.

• #1 Learn About Bile Duct Cancer

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/gastrointestinal-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/

  Oncology nurse navigators help patients through the entire bile duct cancer journey, from securing initial appointments to coordinating follow-up visits related to treatments and procedures, all the way through aspects of survivorship. […] Our oncology nurse navigators will guide you through your bile duct cancer journey.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

  https://vicc.org/cancer-info/adult-bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma

  The following types of surgery are used to treat bile duct cancer: Removal of the bile duct, Partial hepatectomy, Whipple procedure. […] After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. […] Treatment for bile duct cancer may cause side effects. […] Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. […] Treatment of unresectable bile duct cancer (including metastatic or recurrent disease) may include: Stent placement or biliary bypass as palliative treatment to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life, External or internal radiation therapy as palliative treatment to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life, Combination chemotherapy.

• #1 Effects of Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/managing-side-effects-cholangiocarcinoma-treatment

  Before you start on any treatment, youll have an education session where we talk with you about what to expect from your treatment, explains Krause. We discuss what the common side effects are, and what you can do to manage them. […] With surgery, youre going need time to heal, says Krause. Eating well and getting moving after surgery help your body recover. […] Your doctor may recommend a special diet after surgery to gauge how your digestive system handles food. Diet can usually be expanded as tolerated. […] A common side effect of chemotherapy is nausea. Your doctor typically will provide you with medication to help alleviate this symptom. […] Eating frequently also helps nausea, says Krause. Eating every couple of hours helps maintain nutrition and prevents feeling over-full. […] To help with those side effects, Krause says your care team will usually recommend medication and diet changes.

• #1 Palliative Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma Palliative Therapy | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html

  Palliative care (also called supportive care) is treatment used to help control or reduce symptoms caused by cancer. It’s not meant to cure the cancer. […] If bile duct cancer has spread too far to be removed by surgery, doctors may focus on palliative treatments. However, palliative treatments can be used at any point during cancer. For example, pain medicines and drugs to control nausea or itching might be used to help you feel better. Chemotherapy and radiation can also be used to relieve problems caused by the tumor(s). […] Because bile duct cancers tend to grow and spread quickly, doctors try to use palliative therapies that are less likely to have unpleasant short-term side effects, whenever possible. Your cancer care team will talk with you about the pros and cons of all the treatments that might help you.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352413

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)-related health concerns […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Palliative care can be used while undergoing aggressive treatments, such as surgery. […] Palliative care is provided by teams of doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. These teams aim to improve the quality of life for people with cancer and their families. Palliative care is not the same as hospice care or end-of-life care. […] Because cholangiocarcinoma is a very difficult type of cancer to treat, don’t hesitate to ask about your doctor’s experience with treating the condition. If you have any doubts, get a second opinion.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21524-cholangiocarcinoma

  Radiation therapy: Uses radiation to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors. You may need external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), which uses a machine outside your body to direct radiation toward the tumor. Or your provider may implant tiny beads of radiation (called Y90) in the blood vessels supplying the tumor to shrink it. This is called transarterial radioembolization (TARE). […] Chemotherapy (chemo): Uses drugs to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors. Systemic chemotherapy sends the medicine through your entire body. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) implants tiny beads of chemo into the blood vessels near your tumor to shrink it. Hepatic artery chemo-infusion (HAI) uses a pump to inject chemo into the artery that supplies blood to your liver. […] Targeted therapy: Zeroes in on specific proteins on cancer cells. Some people with bile duct cancer have abnormal proteins that cause cells to grow out of control. Targeted therapies block the abnormal proteins that fuel cancer growth.

• #1 Effects of Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/managing-side-effects-cholangiocarcinoma-treatment

  You may experience fatigue, weight loss, nausea and diarrhea, but exercise and medication can help. […] If youve been diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma (or bile duct cancer), you may have no symptoms or may have been experiencing symptoms like abdominal pain, fatigue, unexplained weight loss and digestive upset. […] The kind of treatment youll receive depends on your diagnosis, the location of the cancer and if its spread. […] Cholangiocarcinoma treatment is a team sport, says Krause. […] In addition to a surgical lineup, medical oncologist and radiation oncologist, you may be referred to a gastroenterology specialist, interventional radiology specialist who performs procedures to open clogged bile ducts and a palliative medicine specialist to help manage side effects. […] Its important to understand what side effects you may experience during each kind of treatment and when those symptoms may start.

• #1 Effects of Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/managing-side-effects-cholangiocarcinoma-treatment

  If you have mouth sores, we recommend starting with a baking soda and salt rinse, says Krause. […] While most side effects of immunotherapy are mild, theres a small chance it can cause inflammation. […] Your care team will recommend gentle skin care and a moisturizing routine. […] Most hospitals have established care teams to help manage your side effects and support you and your caregivers through treatment. […] Nutrition is important in managing cancer, says Krause. Make sure your diet is full of high-calorie, good-for-you foods. […] Frequent eating can help with nausea, and get calories in to maintain your weight. […] About 2 quarts of decaffeinated fluid a day is recommended, says Krause. […] Regular activity, like a daily walk, improves energy, stamina and muscle strength.

• #1 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Treatment for sickness depends on what is causing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #1 Symptom Relief for Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment/symptom-relief

  Many people are not candidates for surgery by the time bile duct cancer is diagnosed. However, minimally invasive, image-guided procedures can help improve their quality of life by allowing bile to flow through or drain out of a bile duct that is blocked by a tumor. Our surgeons and experts in interventional radiology use tools, such as catheters and needles, to relieve such symptoms as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes), itching, nausea, vomiting, and infection. […] People with advanced bile duct cancer often have pain. The pain may be caused by cancer cells that have invaded a cluster of nerves near the liver known as the celiac plexus. People who dont get enough pain relief with conventional drugs may benefit from a procedure called neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB). This involves injecting a local anesthetic into the celiac plexus to disrupt the bodys pain signals.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  Palliative care refers to the treatment of symptoms, which can take place during curative treatment and enhance quality of life. Palliative care can begin at the time of a disease diagnosis. In fact, it is recommended that palliative care be initiated soon after the diagnosis. Patients who receive palliative care throughout their cancer treatment have been shown to have a better quality of life with fewer symptoms and have more satisfaction with their therapy. […] During treatment, making healthy choices can improve your quality of life. After treatment, taking steps to improve your health can reduce the chances of cancer recurrence. Nutrition is an important factor in CCA treatment and management, particularly in terms of maintaining lean body mass, which also involves exercise. […] Abdominal or back pain is common for individuals with CCA. It is important to speak to your healthcare team about pain management options, particularly if you are experiencing pain while at rest. Fatigue is another common experience of individuals with CCA and other cancers and can be therapy-related. Your healthcare team may be able to provide treatments for fatigue, so discuss this symptom with them if you are experiencing it.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Liver Foundation

  https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/cholangiocarcinoma-bile-duct-cancer/

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer that grows in the bile ducts. […] Treatment for cholangiocarcinoma might make you tired and sick. […] Good nutrition will help you keep a healthy weight, maintain your muscle strength and give you energy. […] Here are some nutrition tips for people with cholangiocarcinoma: Talk to your doctor or an accredited practising dietitian about a suitable diet that packs as much nutrition as possible into everything you eat. […] Avoid all alcohol to protect your liver. […] Tell your doctor if symptoms are bothering you, as there are many ways to relieve them.

• #1 What is Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/bile-duct-cancer.html

  Biliary cancers (also called cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancers) are relatively uncommon in the United States. […] Bile duct cancer is treated in our Gastrointestinal Center. […] Our teams also provide supportive care and management for bile duct cancer side effects like bile duct obstruction, malnutrition and digestive issues.

• #1 Palliative Care for Bile Duct Cancer: Benefits, Options, Getting Connected

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cancer/palliative-care-for-bile-duct-cancer-benefits-options-and-how-to-get-connected/

  Bile duct cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare cancer of the bile ducts. […] When someone is navigating a serious medical condition such as bile duct cancer, palliative care may be something to consider. […] Palliative care is recommended for people with advanced cases of bile duct cancer in which the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery or has spread to other parts of the body and is difficult to access. […] Palliative care can alleviate these symptoms and enhance people’s comfort and quality of life, says Richard Kim, MD, the service chief of medical gastrointestinal oncology at Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida. […] Doctors also recommend palliative care in cases of biliary tract obstruction, which can lead to jaundice, liver dysfunction, itchy skin, and even liver failure.

• #1 Palliative Care for Bile Duct Cancer: Benefits, Options, Getting Connected

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cancer/palliative-care-for-bile-duct-cancer-benefits-options-and-how-to-get-connected/

  Palliative treatment for jaundice and infection is very common because it extends life. […] Some palliative care approaches for bile duct cancer include: […] Palliative chemotherapy: The purpose of palliative chemotherapy is to shrink the cancer and improve symptoms caused by the cancer. […] Your oncologist is the first person you can talk to about palliative care. […] Palliative care specialists are healthcare practitioners who have special training to support the physical, emotional, spiritual, and social needs of people with cancer.

• #1 Palliative Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma Palliative Therapy | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html

  These procedures can be done as part of a cholangiography procedure such as ERCP or PTC or, in some cases, during surgery. They’re often done to help prevent or relieve symptoms from more advanced cancers, but they can also be done to help relieve jaundice before potentially curative surgery. This helps lower the risk of complications from the surgery. […] A surgery called a biliary bypass is another option to allow bile to go into the small intestine and not build up in the liver. […] As mentioned in Surgery for Bile Duct Cancer, biliary bypass is more likely to be done if you are already having surgery to try to cure the cancer by taking it out, but it turns out the cancer cannot be totally removed. […] Tumors in the liver that cant be resected can sometimes be destroyed (ablated) by putting a long metal probe through a small hole in the skin and into the tumor. […] For photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-activated drug is injected into a vein. […] PDT can be helpful for people with bile duct cancer whose tumors can’t be removed with surgery.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stent Placement, Photodynamic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277393-treatment

  Complete surgical resection is the only therapy to afford a chance of cure for cholangiocarcinoma. Unfortunately, many patients present with unresectable disease. Additional treatment measures in cholangiocarcinoma may include the following: Stenting, Photodynamic therapy (PDT), Radiation therapy, Pharmacotherapy. […] For palliative treatment, celiac-plexus block via regional injection of alcohol or other sclerosing agent can relieve pain in the mid back from retroperitoneal tumor growth. In addition, other endoscopic forms of palliation, such as brachytherapy and radiofrequency ablation, have been used. […] Stents can be placed via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) to relieve biliary obstruction. Stenting may relieve pruritus and improve quality of life.

• #1 Bile duct cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/

  In cases of stage 1 and stage 2 bile duct cancer, a cure may be possible by surgically removing the affected part of the bile duct, and possibly some of the liver or gallbladder. […] In cases of stage 4 bile duct cancer, achieving a successful cure is highly unlikely. However, stenting, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery can often be used to help relieve the symptoms. […] If your bile duct becomes blocked as a result of cancer, treatment to unblock it may be recommended. This will help resolve symptoms such as jaundice, itchy skin, and abdominal pain. […] Radiotherapy is not a standard treatment for bile duct cancer, but may help to relieve the symptoms, slow the spread of the cancer and prolong life. […] Chemotherapy is used in a similar way to radiotherapy to relieve the symptoms of cancer, slow down the rate it spreads and prolong life.

• #1 Symptom Relief for Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment/symptom-relief

  NCPB also can be performed using an endoscopic ultrasound. This involves inserting a small probe through the mouth and into the stomach to get a detailed view of the celiac plexus. As with laparoscopic NCPB, endoscopic NCPB may be at least as effective as the percutaneous approach, with fewer potential side effects. […] Ablation destroys cancer cells by delivering heat or cold through a needle placed into a bile duct tumor. It requires no incisions (cuts) and is effective for some people with isolated tumors who are not candidates for bile duct surgery.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  Feelings of anxiety, stress, fear, and depression are normal for individuals with cancer. There are a variety of distress causes: your symptoms, treatment effects, financial concerns, access to healthcare, personal relationships, and your mental health status. Managing and expressing these emotions can also present a difficult hurdle for many patients. Distress can affect how patients diagnosed with cancer make decisions about their treatments and can result in worsening health. Hence, treating depression is considered an important part of cancer therapy. […] There are multiple resources, in addition to your healthcare team, to support you on your path forward. The CCF website has a page for newly diagnosed patients, forums in which to connect with other patients, support group listings for patients and caregivers, event listings (including an annual conference and fundraising events). Familiarizing yourself with these resources may help you navigate your pathway through CCA and provide you with additional support.

• #1 Newly Diagnosed & Connected | Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation

  https://www.cholangiocarcinoma.org/newly-diagnosed/

  Having the support of others is an important part of cancer survival. Research shows that taking part in support groups, where you both give and receive help, is an effective way to reduce the stress and anxiety that can come with diagnosis. […] Join Virtual Support Groups. […] Connect with a Patient Advocate for personal assistance. […] Caregiver Resources. […] Tips for Caregivers. […] Support for Caregivers of Cancer Patients.

• #1 The Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation

  https://www.cholangiocarcinoma.org/

  Providing hope for improved treatments and outcomes, for those affected by cholangiocarcinoma. […] The Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation (CCF) is a global organization dedicated to curing cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) and enhancing patients’ quality of life. […] We always put patients first. Our goal is to improve their treatment options and find a cure. […] We provide vital resources, education, and support to cholangiocarcinoma patients and their families. […] Whether you’re newly diagnosed or new to CCF, we are here to help you on every step of your journey. Join our Newly Connected program to join a support community, start with a free care kit, and receive important information you’ll need for your cholangiocarcinoma journey.

• #1 Effects of Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/managing-side-effects-cholangiocarcinoma-treatment

  While it should be common practice for everyone, those receiving cancer treatments should focus on washing their hands before preparing food, eating and after using the toilet to avoid germs and infections. […] Your immune system may be weak depending on what kind of treatment youre receiving. So its best to wear a mask in public to protect yourself. […] Overall, the side effects of bile duct cancer treatments can be managed. But the best advice for people going through treatment for bile duct cancer? Dont suffer in silence, stresses Krause. Tell your care team what youre experiencing.

• #1 Bile duct cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/bile-duct-cancer

  Bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) is a rare cancer that starts in the lining of the bile duct. […] A team of doctors and healthcare professionals who specialise in treating bile duct cancer work together to plan your treatment. This is called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Your cancer doctor or nurse will talk to you about your treatment options: Sometimes radiotherapy is given on its own or in combination with chemotherapy to reduce the risk of cancer coming back after surgery. It may also be used to treat symptoms caused by bile duct cancer. […] You will have regular check-ups during and after your treatment. Tell your doctor or specialist nurse as soon as possible if you have any problems or notice new symptoms between appointments. […] Even if you already have a healthy lifestyle, you may choose to make some positive lifestyle changes after treatment.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer: A Complex, Difficult-to-Treat Disease | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/bile-duct-cancer-a-complex-difficult-to-treat-disease

  Cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancer is a challenging form of cancer to treat due to the location of the cancer in difficult-to-reach areas of the bile ducts, making it challenging to surgically remove the cancer. […] However, early detection and prompt treatment, along with new medical treatment protocols that complement surgery, can improve outcomes in people with cholangiocarcinoma. […] In some cases, a liver transplant can be considered as a treatment option for cholangiocarcinoma. […] We recommend that patients discuss the potential benefits and risks of a liver transplant with our team as well as other treatment options, in order to determine the best course of action for their specific case. […] Clinical trials are an important component of the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma and provide patients with access to innovative treatments.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  In jaundiced patients, the role of percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage or endoscopic placement of a stent for relief of biliary obstruction is controversial, but these options may be considered before surgery, particularly if jaundice is severe or an element of azotemia is present. […] Numerous retrospective series have suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy after complete surgical resection may be beneficial. […] However, prospective randomized trials have failed to consistently show a significant benefit in overall survival (OS). […] All patients are encouraged to enroll in clinical trials for adjuvant therapies. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website. […] Relief of biliary obstruction is warranted when symptoms such as pruritus and hepatic dysfunction outweigh other symptoms of the cancer.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  Systemic chemotherapy is appropriate for selected patients with adequate performance status and intact organ function. […] Pending further clinical trials, cisplatin plus gemcitabine is considered the reference standard first-line chemotherapy backbone for patients with unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent bile duct cancer. […] All patients should consider clinical trials.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/cholangiocarcinoma/

  For patients with advanced disease or those who are not candidates for surgery, palliative procedures can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Biliary drainage procedures, such as endoscopic stent placement or surgical bypass surgeries, are performed to alleviate symptoms of jaundice caused by biliary obstruction.1,9 These procedures can help restore bile flow, relieve associated symptoms such as pruritus and fatigue, and enhance overall comfort. […] Monitoring patients being treated for cholangiocarcinoma entails vigilant observation for adverse effects and potential drug interactions. During treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, it is crucial to conduct regular assessments for chemotherapy-related adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and potential hematologic toxicity.11,12 Close monitoring is necessary for adverse events associated with targeted therapies or immunotherapies, which might present as skin reactions, immune-related issues such as neurotoxicity or pneumonitis, or renal or cardiac toxicity.13 Prompt management of these adverse effects is essential to minimize treatment interruptions and maximize patient comfort and adherence to therapy.

• #1

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/bile-duct-cancer/prevention.php

  Cholangiocarcinoma is relatively rare in the U.S. Still, its important to learn about bile duct cancer prevention so you can protect yourself. […] While researchers are still working to understand exactly what causes bile duct cancer and have yet to make specific recommendations regarding bile duct cancer prevention, they have identified some risk factors for the disease. […] While theres no reliable way to prevent cholangiocarcinoma, the following bile duct cancer prevention recommendations may help you reduce your risk for developing the disease: […] When you come to Winship for cancer care, you have a team of experts dedicated to your well-being. Our gastrointestinal cancer experts are ready to see you. If youve been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal cancer, call us today at 404-778-0032 to schedule a visit.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of the bile duct. Most often, symptoms of CCA are noticed late in the disease process and therefore lead to a late diagnosis. Cholangiocarcinoma is relatively rare in the US, with approximately 8000 new diagnoses occurring each year. However, the number of diagnosed cases of intrahepatic CCA (CCA within the bile ducts in the liver) is increasing. People who have a history of prior bile duct disease or inflammation are at increased risk of developing CCA. A history of cirrhosis, swelling of the part of the bile duct outside the liver (choledochal cyst), exposure to certain chemicals (eg, nitrosamines polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), and older age can increase the risk of developing CCA. […] There are a variety of tests that may be performed to tell your healthcare team more about your overall health, how well your kidneys and liver are working, specific characteristics of your tumor, and other information that can help guide treatment planning and other decisions. Your doctor may have ordered blood tests such as liver function tests and imaging studies to help support a diagnosis of CCA.

• #1 Bile duct cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/

  The treatments for bile duct cancer are not as effective as treatments for other types of cancer. Therefore, a number of clinical trials are being conducted to find better ways of treating the condition. […] Not smoking is the most effective way of preventing bile duct cancer, as well as other serious health conditions, such as stroke, heart attack and lung cancer. […] If you are a heavy drinker, reducing your alcohol intake will help prevent liver damage (cirrhosis). This may, in turn, reduce your risk of developing bile duct cancer.

• #1 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Symptoms & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma

  Treatment depends on whether or not your tumor can be removed by surgery. […] Our interventional radiologists are skilled at using innovative approaches to relieve symptoms and shrink tumors with the potential to make them operable. […] Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. […] Advances in personalized medicine allow us to deliver more targeted, effective treatments for tumors with certain genetic profiles. […] Radiation therapy plays a larger role in treating extrahepatic bile duct cancer than those found in the liver. […] Our world-class doctors work together to develop treatment plans that consider your individual needs. […] Our specialists are experienced in delivering the standard of care as well as emerging treatments that are revolutionizing how this cancer is treated.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/cancer-care/services/bile-duct-cancer/

  Our gastrointestinal cancer patient navigator guides you through the treatment process. The navigator is a registered nurse and advocate for patients and families who can help coordinate scheduling to minimize your visits. The navigator provides information and support throughout your diagnosis, treatment and beyond. […] The Norton Cancer Institute multidisciplinary approach to cancer care means you’ll have access to multiple specialists, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, interventional radiologists, interventional gastroenterologists, researchers, geneticists and dietitians. […] We pull together providers from various disciplines to help identify the best treatment for you. At Norton Cancer Institute review boards, you will be considered for innovative clinical trials, immunotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, state-of-the-art radiation and advanced diagnostics.

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20352416

  Physicians consulting Cholangiocarcinoma team members consult. A multidisciplinary team collaborates to provide individualized, comprehensive care for people with bile duct cancer. […] Mayo Clinic offers compassionate care by experienced doctors for people with cholangiocarcinoma. […] At Mayo Clinic, experts work together to provide you with exactly the care you need. Your care team is made up of experts in cholangiocarcinoma, including specialists in gastroenterology and hepatology, radiology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, surgery, transplant, and other areas if needed. […] This coordinated team approach fosters clear communication focused on your situation. Close collaboration among your Mayo Clinic care team members enables them to have your test results available quickly and to coordinate your appointments.

• #2 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  Most cases of intrahepatic, distal, and perihilar bile duct cancer are unresectable and cannot be completely removed. Often the cancer directly invades the portal vein, the adjacent liver, along the common bile duct, and the adjacent lymph nodes. […] For patients with unresectable bile duct cancer, management is directed at palliation. […] Treatment options for bile duct cancer are described in Table 16. […] Complete surgical resection with negative surgical margins offers the only chance of cure for distal bile duct cancers. […] The optimum surgical procedure for carcinoma of the distal bile duct will vary according to the location of the tumor along the biliary tree, the extent of hepatic parenchymal involvement, and the proximity of the tumor to major blood vessels in this region.

• #2 Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stent Placement, Photodynamic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277393-treatment

  Stents usually are used if the tumor is unresectable or if the patient is not a surgical candidate. […] Adjuvant and preoperative radiation therapy has been used to reduce tumors in an effort to make them resectable. […] Adjuvant radiotherapy has been to improve local control, with variable effect on overall survival after complete resection. […] Most often, chemotherapy is given in low doses to act as a radiation sensitizer during a 4- to 5-week course of external-beam radiotherapy. […] A systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant improvement in overall survival with any adjuvant chemotherapy after cholangiocarcinoma surgery compared with surgery only. […] Complete surgical resection is the only therapy to afford a chance of cure. Unfortunately, only 10% of patients present with early-stage disease and are candidates for curative resection.

• #2 Palliative Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma Palliative Therapy | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html

  These procedures can be done as part of a cholangiography procedure such as ERCP or PTC or, in some cases, during surgery. They’re often done to help prevent or relieve symptoms from more advanced cancers, but they can also be done to help relieve jaundice before potentially curative surgery. This helps lower the risk of complications from the surgery. […] A surgery called a biliary bypass is another option to allow bile to go into the small intestine and not build up in the liver. […] As mentioned in Surgery for Bile Duct Cancer, biliary bypass is more likely to be done if you are already having surgery to try to cure the cancer by taking it out, but it turns out the cancer cannot be totally removed. […] Tumors in the liver that cant be resected can sometimes be destroyed (ablated) by putting a long metal probe through a small hole in the skin and into the tumor. […] For photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-activated drug is injected into a vein. […] PDT can be helpful for people with bile duct cancer whose tumors can’t be removed with surgery.

• #2 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21524-cholangiocarcinoma

  Immunotherapy: Helps your bodys immune system fight cancer. In bile duct cancer, some cancer cells contain a protein that prevents immune cells from attacking. Immunotherapy disables this protein so immune cells can attack the cancer. […] Clinical trials: Studies that test the effectiveness of new cancer treatments or new combinations of existing treatments. If your cancer is too far advanced for surgical removal, your provider may recommend taking part in a clinical trial. […] Cholangiocarcinoma, or bile duct cancer, can be a difficult diagnosis to receive. This type of cancer can be hard to catch in the early stages when surgery can cure it. Still, no two cancer diagnoses are the same. Your provider can help you weigh the pros and cons of various treatments, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, as well as newer treatments being tested in clinical trials. […] Cleveland Clinics cancer experts diagnose and treat bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) with the latest therapies and compassionate care that focuses on you.

• #2 Effects of Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/managing-side-effects-cholangiocarcinoma-treatment

  If you have mouth sores, we recommend starting with a baking soda and salt rinse, says Krause. […] While most side effects of immunotherapy are mild, theres a small chance it can cause inflammation. […] Your care team will recommend gentle skin care and a moisturizing routine. […] Most hospitals have established care teams to help manage your side effects and support you and your caregivers through treatment. […] Nutrition is important in managing cancer, says Krause. Make sure your diet is full of high-calorie, good-for-you foods. […] Frequent eating can help with nausea, and get calories in to maintain your weight. […] About 2 quarts of decaffeinated fluid a day is recommended, says Krause. […] Regular activity, like a daily walk, improves energy, stamina and muscle strength.

• #2 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Treatment for sickness depends on what is causing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #2 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352413

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)-related health concerns […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Palliative care can be used while undergoing aggressive treatments, such as surgery. […] Palliative care is provided by teams of doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. These teams aim to improve the quality of life for people with cancer and their families. Palliative care is not the same as hospice care or end-of-life care. […] Because cholangiocarcinoma is a very difficult type of cancer to treat, don’t hesitate to ask about your doctor’s experience with treating the condition. If you have any doubts, get a second opinion.

• #2 Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stent Placement, Photodynamic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277393-treatment

  Complete surgical resection is the only therapy to afford a chance of cure for cholangiocarcinoma. Unfortunately, many patients present with unresectable disease. Additional treatment measures in cholangiocarcinoma may include the following: Stenting, Photodynamic therapy (PDT), Radiation therapy, Pharmacotherapy. […] For palliative treatment, celiac-plexus block via regional injection of alcohol or other sclerosing agent can relieve pain in the mid back from retroperitoneal tumor growth. In addition, other endoscopic forms of palliation, such as brachytherapy and radiofrequency ablation, have been used. […] Stents can be placed via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) to relieve biliary obstruction. Stenting may relieve pruritus and improve quality of life.

• #2 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  Feelings of anxiety, stress, fear, and depression are normal for individuals with cancer. There are a variety of distress causes: your symptoms, treatment effects, financial concerns, access to healthcare, personal relationships, and your mental health status. Managing and expressing these emotions can also present a difficult hurdle for many patients. Distress can affect how patients diagnosed with cancer make decisions about their treatments and can result in worsening health. Hence, treating depression is considered an important part of cancer therapy. […] There are multiple resources, in addition to your healthcare team, to support you on your path forward. The CCF website has a page for newly diagnosed patients, forums in which to connect with other patients, support group listings for patients and caregivers, event listings (including an annual conference and fundraising events). Familiarizing yourself with these resources may help you navigate your pathway through CCA and provide you with additional support.

• #2 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with bile duct cancer, your treatment team will discuss your options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Your treatment options will depend on several factors: […] Cancer care teams also include other health care professionals such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, counselors, dietitians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and others. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.

• #2 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  Systemic chemotherapy is appropriate for selected patients with adequate performance status and intact organ function. […] Pending further clinical trials, cisplatin plus gemcitabine is considered the reference standard first-line chemotherapy backbone for patients with unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent bile duct cancer. […] All patients should consider clinical trials.

• #2 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Symptoms & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma

  Our team approach leads to timely diagnoses and state-of-the-art treatment for bile duct cancer. […] If you have symptoms of a bile duct tumor, our Pancreas and Liver Disease Program can provide you with expert care. […] In addition to providing the standard of care for diagnosing and treating bile duct cancer, this multidisciplinary team of experts collaborates to develop and pioneer novel treatment options, including complex surgical techniques and innovative therapies. […] Surgery offers the best chance for a cure. […] Our Center for Liver and Pancreas Surgery is one of the largest programs of its kind, and our surgeons have over 50 combined years of experience treating these types of cancers. […] Our cancer doctors specialize exclusively in treating gastrointestinal cancers, including the bile duct.

• #2 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/cancer-care/services/bile-duct-cancer/

  Our gastrointestinal cancer patient navigator guides you through the treatment process. The navigator is a registered nurse and advocate for patients and families who can help coordinate scheduling to minimize your visits. The navigator provides information and support throughout your diagnosis, treatment and beyond. […] The Norton Cancer Institute multidisciplinary approach to cancer care means you’ll have access to multiple specialists, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, interventional radiologists, interventional gastroenterologists, researchers, geneticists and dietitians. […] We pull together providers from various disciplines to help identify the best treatment for you. At Norton Cancer Institute review boards, you will be considered for innovative clinical trials, immunotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, state-of-the-art radiation and advanced diagnostics.

• #2 Cholangiocarcinoma: Treatment, Outcomes, and Nutrition Overview for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/22/4/cholangiocarcinoma-treatment-outcomes-and-nutrition-overview

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that arises from the bile ducts inside or outside of the liver. […] The lethality of this cancer stems, in part, from challenges with supportive care during treatment. […] Nursing literature regarding cholangiocarcinoma is scarce. Studies that focus on nursing care, symptom management, and nursing management of patients with biliary obstruction are needed. Nutrition and palliative care management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma are key areas of nursing management.

Zobacz więcej