Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360510

  There’s no single test to confirm a diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). […] Guidelines proposed by the United States Institute of Medicine define the fatigue associated with ME/CFS as being: […] To meet the Institute of Medicine’s diagnostic criteria for this condition, a person would also need to experience at least one of these two symptoms: […] These symptoms must last for at least six months and occur at least half the time at moderate, substantial or severe intensity. […] On what basis would you make a diagnosis of ME/CFS?

• #2 Diagnosing ME/CFS | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/diagnosis/index.html

  There is no test available to specifically screen for ME/CFS. […] Your healthcare provider will start by asking about your symptoms and health history. […] They will also do a physical and mental exam. […] And finally, they will take blood and urine samples from you to rule out other illnesses. […] To better understand whether you may have ME/CFS, your healthcare provider may ask more about your activities and abilities. […] Your healthcare provider might refer you to a specialist to do try to learn more about what’s causing your symptoms. […] These specialists can check for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms similar to ME/CFS. […] You can read more about how healthcare providers diagnose ME/CFS in the 2015 Institute of Medicine report on ME/CFS. […] This report includes the symptoms you must have to be diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] It also includes symptoms that some people with ME/CFS have, while others don’t. […] ME/CFS is a serious, debilitating illness that makes it hard for people to do activities they could previously do without difficulty.

• #3 Clinical features and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Clinical features and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome […] Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), previously known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is a chronic, often debilitating illness, characterized by severe fatigue and other symptoms. […] In persons with ME/CFS, multiple underlying abnormalities involving the central and autonomic nervous systems, the immune system, energy metabolism, the cardiovascular system, and the gut microbiome have been described. […] However, there are no diagnostic tests of adequate sensitivity and specificity to confirm the diagnosis and no proven effective treatments. […] The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of ME/CFS are reviewed here. […] There are multiple case definitions for ME/CFS. […] We agree with the widely used case definition put forth by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM; previously the Institute of Medicine [IOM]) that focuses on the most specific features of the disease.

• #4 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgic_encephalomyelitis/chronic_fatigue_syndrome

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling chronic illness. […] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and a differential diagnosis because no diagnostic test such as a blood test or imaging is available. […] Diagnosis of ME/CFS is based on symptoms and involves taking a medical history and a mental and physical examination. […] No specific lab tests are approved for diagnosis; while physical abnormalities can be found, no single finding is considered sufficient for diagnosis. […] Multiple research and clinical criteria exist to diagnose ME/CFS. […] The 1994 CDC criteria, sometimes called the Fukuda criteria, require six months of persistent or relapsing fatigue for diagnosis, as well as the persistent presence of four out of eight other symptoms. […] The Canadian Consensus Criteria, another commonly used criteria set, was developed in 2003. […] The 2015 IOM criteria share significant similarities with the CCC but were developed to be easy to use for clinicians. […] In 2021, NICE revised its criteria based on the IOM criteria.

• #5 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgic_encephalomyelitis/chronic_fatigue_syndrome

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling chronic illness. […] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and a differential diagnosis because no diagnostic test such as a blood test or imaging is available. […] Diagnosis of ME/CFS is based on symptoms and involves taking a medical history and a mental and physical examination. […] No specific lab tests are approved for diagnosis; while physical abnormalities can be found, no single finding is considered sufficient for diagnosis. […] Multiple research and clinical criteria exist to diagnose ME/CFS. […] The 1994 CDC criteria, sometimes called the Fukuda criteria, require six months of persistent or relapsing fatigue for diagnosis, as well as the persistent presence of four out of eight other symptoms. […] The Canadian Consensus Criteria, another commonly used criteria set, was developed in 2003. […] The 2015 IOM criteria share significant similarities with the CCC but were developed to be easy to use for clinicians. […] In 2021, NICE revised its criteria based on the IOM criteria.

• #6 Clinical features and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Clinical features and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome […] Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), previously known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is a chronic, often debilitating illness, characterized by severe fatigue and other symptoms. […] In persons with ME/CFS, multiple underlying abnormalities involving the central and autonomic nervous systems, the immune system, energy metabolism, the cardiovascular system, and the gut microbiome have been described. […] However, there are no diagnostic tests of adequate sensitivity and specificity to confirm the diagnosis and no proven effective treatments. […] The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of ME/CFS are reviewed here. […] There are multiple case definitions for ME/CFS. […] We agree with the widely used case definition put forth by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM; previously the Institute of Medicine [IOM]) that focuses on the most specific features of the disease.

• #7 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Is a Legitimate Disease That Needs Proper Diagnosis and Treatment, Says IOM Report Identifies Five Symptoms to Diagnose Disease | National Academies

  https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2015/02/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-is-a-legitimate-disease-that-needs-proper-diagnosis-and-treatment-says-iom-report-identifies-five-symptoms-to-diagnose-disease

  Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome — commonly referred to as ME/CFS — is a legitimate, serious, and complex systemic disease that frequently and dramatically limits the activities of affected individuals, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine. The committee that wrote the report developed new diagnostic criteria for the disorder that includes five main symptoms. […] Diagnosing ME/CFS often is a challenge, and seeking and receiving a diagnosis can be frustrating due to the skepticism of health care providers about these patients and the serious nature of their disease, said committee chair Ellen Wright Clayton, Craig-Weaver Professor of Pediatrics and professor of law at Vanderbilt University. […] The committee recommended that physicians diagnose ME/CFS if the diagnostic criteria are met following an appropriate history, physical examination, and medical work-up.

• #8 Diagnosis | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) | CDC

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/symptoms-diagnosis/diagnosis.html

  To diagnose myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), a patients doctor or healthcare provider will: […] Doctors might refer patients to see a specialist, like a neurologist, rheumatologist, or a sleep specialist, to check for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms. […] You can read more about how ME/CFS is diagnosed in the 2015 Institute of Medicine report on ME/CFS.

• #9 IOM 2015 Diagnostic Criteria | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/hcp/diagnosis/iom-2015-diagnostic-criteria-1.html

  In 2015, the Institute of Medicine published diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS in adults and children. The criteria state that three required symptoms and at least one of two additional symptoms are required for diagnosis. […] To be diagnosed with ME/CFS, patients must have at least one of the symptoms below. These are in addition to the three required symptoms above. […] The frequency and severity of these symptoms need to be evaluated. The IOM committee specified, for diagnosis, patients should have symptoms least half of the time with moderate, substantial, or severe intensity. […] Diagnosis of ME/CFS.

• #10 Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs

  The core symptom of ME/CFS is called post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is an increase in symptoms and reduction in function after minimal physical or mental activity. […] There is currently no diagnostic test for ME/CFS, but doctors can diagnose using accepted diagnostic criteria. […] Currently, there is no single test to diagnose ME/CFS. Doctors make a diagnosis by excluding all other illnesses that might be causing symptoms and following accepted diagnostic criteria. […] For a diagnosis of ME/CFS, the person must have the following three symptoms: substantial reduction in functioning and persistent and profound fatigue for at least 6 months, post-exertional malaise, and unrefreshing sleep. […] Diagnosis also requires at least one of the following two symptoms: cognitive impairment or orthostatic intolerance.

• #11 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Is a Legitimate Disease That Needs Proper Diagnosis and Treatment, Says IOM Report Identifies Five Symptoms to Diagnose Disease | National Academies

  https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2015/02/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-is-a-legitimate-disease-that-needs-proper-diagnosis-and-treatment-says-iom-report-identifies-five-symptoms-to-diagnose-disease

  Diagnosis of ME/CFS requires that a patient have the following three core symptoms: A substantial reduction or impairment in the ability to engage in pre-illness levels of activities that persists for more than six months and is accompanied by fatigue — which is often profound — of new or definite onset, not the result of ongoing excessive exertion and not substantially alleviated by rest; The worsening of patients’ symptoms after any type of exertion — such as physical, cognitive, or emotional stress — known as post-exertional malaise; Unrefreshing sleep. […] The proposed criteria will not improve the diagnosis and care of patients unless health care providers use them, the committee recognized. […] To convey the complexity and severity of ME/CFS, the committee recommended that the disorder be renamed “Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease” (SEID).

• #12 Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs

  The core symptom of ME/CFS is called post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is an increase in symptoms and reduction in function after minimal physical or mental activity. […] There is currently no diagnostic test for ME/CFS, but doctors can diagnose using accepted diagnostic criteria. […] Currently, there is no single test to diagnose ME/CFS. Doctors make a diagnosis by excluding all other illnesses that might be causing symptoms and following accepted diagnostic criteria. […] For a diagnosis of ME/CFS, the person must have the following three symptoms: substantial reduction in functioning and persistent and profound fatigue for at least 6 months, post-exertional malaise, and unrefreshing sleep. […] Diagnosis also requires at least one of the following two symptoms: cognitive impairment or orthostatic intolerance.

• #13 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Is a Legitimate Disease That Needs Proper Diagnosis and Treatment, Says IOM Report Identifies Five Symptoms to Diagnose Disease | National Academies

  https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2015/02/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-is-a-legitimate-disease-that-needs-proper-diagnosis-and-treatment-says-iom-report-identifies-five-symptoms-to-diagnose-disease

  Diagnosis of ME/CFS requires that a patient have the following three core symptoms: A substantial reduction or impairment in the ability to engage in pre-illness levels of activities that persists for more than six months and is accompanied by fatigue — which is often profound — of new or definite onset, not the result of ongoing excessive exertion and not substantially alleviated by rest; The worsening of patients’ symptoms after any type of exertion — such as physical, cognitive, or emotional stress — known as post-exertional malaise; Unrefreshing sleep. […] The proposed criteria will not improve the diagnosis and care of patients unless health care providers use them, the committee recognized. […] To convey the complexity and severity of ME/CFS, the committee recommended that the disorder be renamed “Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease” (SEID).

• #14 Diagnosis and Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – American ME and CFS Society

  https://ammes.org/2018/01/27/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/

  We present here the Japanese clinical diagnostic criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) that were proposed in 2016 by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare study group. […] The clinical diagnosis criteria of ME/CFS were created to be used by healthcare agencies in charge of primary care practice. […] We also explain the current prognosis in ME/CFS and medical treatments used in major medical institutions in Japan.

• #15 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Is a Legitimate Disease That Needs Proper Diagnosis and Treatment, Says IOM Report Identifies Five Symptoms to Diagnose Disease | National Academies

  https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2015/02/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-is-a-legitimate-disease-that-needs-proper-diagnosis-and-treatment-says-iom-report-identifies-five-symptoms-to-diagnose-disease

  Diagnosis of ME/CFS requires that a patient have the following three core symptoms: A substantial reduction or impairment in the ability to engage in pre-illness levels of activities that persists for more than six months and is accompanied by fatigue — which is often profound — of new or definite onset, not the result of ongoing excessive exertion and not substantially alleviated by rest; The worsening of patients’ symptoms after any type of exertion — such as physical, cognitive, or emotional stress — known as post-exertional malaise; Unrefreshing sleep. […] The proposed criteria will not improve the diagnosis and care of patients unless health care providers use them, the committee recognized. […] To convey the complexity and severity of ME/CFS, the committee recommended that the disorder be renamed “Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease” (SEID).

• #16 ME/CFS Patient Education – Bateman Horne Center

  https://batemanhornecenter.org/education/me-cfs/

  Sleep that remains non-restorative regardless of sleep duration, is a key factor when identifying the presence of this symptom. […] Impairments of cognitive function, and particularly slowed information processing are frequently reported in those with ME/CFS. […] Orthostatic Intolerance (OI), Orthostatic Hypotension (OH), Neurally Mediated Hypotension (NMH), and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) are terms used to describe the exacerbation of symptoms during upright posture, that are relieved or ameliorated by lying down or reclining. […] The following reflects the 2020 U.S. ME/CFS Clinician Coalitions Guidelines: Basics of Diagnosis and Treatment. […] In the past, a diagnosis of ME/CFS was made by first excluding all other possible conditions. However, the 2015 National Academy of Medicine report established ME/CFS as a positive diagnosis that can coexist with other conditions, including those in the differential diagnosis. […] ME/CFS is often thought of as an adult disease, but children (both adolescents and younger children) are diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] Scientists estimate that up to 2 in 100 children suffer from ME/CFS.

• #17 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Is a Legitimate Disease That Needs Proper Diagnosis and Treatment, Says IOM Report Identifies Five Symptoms to Diagnose Disease | National Academies

  https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2015/02/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-is-a-legitimate-disease-that-needs-proper-diagnosis-and-treatment-says-iom-report-identifies-five-symptoms-to-diagnose-disease

  Diagnosis of ME/CFS requires that a patient have the following three core symptoms: A substantial reduction or impairment in the ability to engage in pre-illness levels of activities that persists for more than six months and is accompanied by fatigue — which is often profound — of new or definite onset, not the result of ongoing excessive exertion and not substantially alleviated by rest; The worsening of patients’ symptoms after any type of exertion — such as physical, cognitive, or emotional stress — known as post-exertional malaise; Unrefreshing sleep. […] The proposed criteria will not improve the diagnosis and care of patients unless health care providers use them, the committee recognized. […] To convey the complexity and severity of ME/CFS, the committee recommended that the disorder be renamed “Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease” (SEID).

• #18 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis  | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myalgic-encephalomyelitis/

  Patients must have at least one of the following manifestations: […] – Moderate-severe cognitive impairment that is present more than 50% of the time […] – Orthostatic intolerance […] Currently, there is no single validated lab test utilized for diagnosing ME/CFS. Poor NK cell cytotoxicity has been correlated to ME/CFS disease severity. […] There is no imaging study that will diagnose ME/CFS as it is a syndrome of a variety of symptoms. […] It is important for clinicians to recognize the symptoms of ME/CFS and provide education and support to patients and their families regarding the disease process. […] There is no single biomarker or test for diagnosis of ME/CFS, though patients have been shown to have lower functioning NK cells and thus have an impaired immune system response.

• #19 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Is a Legitimate Disease That Needs Proper Diagnosis and Treatment, Says IOM Report Identifies Five Symptoms to Diagnose Disease | National Academies

  https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2015/02/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-is-a-legitimate-disease-that-needs-proper-diagnosis-and-treatment-says-iom-report-identifies-five-symptoms-to-diagnose-disease

  Diagnosis of ME/CFS requires that a patient have the following three core symptoms: A substantial reduction or impairment in the ability to engage in pre-illness levels of activities that persists for more than six months and is accompanied by fatigue — which is often profound — of new or definite onset, not the result of ongoing excessive exertion and not substantially alleviated by rest; The worsening of patients’ symptoms after any type of exertion — such as physical, cognitive, or emotional stress — known as post-exertional malaise; Unrefreshing sleep. […] The proposed criteria will not improve the diagnosis and care of patients unless health care providers use them, the committee recognized. […] To convey the complexity and severity of ME/CFS, the committee recommended that the disorder be renamed “Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease” (SEID).

• #20 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  The cardinal symptom of ME/CFS is post-exertional malaise (PEM). PEM is the exacerbation of symptoms following physical or mental exertion. […] Patients may already be pacing activity to avoid PEM. […] Cognitive impairment may be induced or exacerbated by exertion, both physical or mental. […] Orthostatic intolerance occurs when symptoms become worse with upright positions (raised head of bed, sitting or standing) and generally improve when recumbent. […] Identify and manage other conditions that may explain symptoms. Once these are treated and stabilised, further consideration of an ME/CFS diagnosis can be made. […] Co-occurring conditions are common in ME/CFS and do not necessarily rule out an ME/CFS diagnosis. Identifying and managing these may reduce symptom burden.

• #21 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360510

  There’s no single test to confirm a diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). […] Guidelines proposed by the United States Institute of Medicine define the fatigue associated with ME/CFS as being: […] To meet the Institute of Medicine’s diagnostic criteria for this condition, a person would also need to experience at least one of these two symptoms: […] These symptoms must last for at least six months and occur at least half the time at moderate, substantial or severe intensity. […] On what basis would you make a diagnosis of ME/CFS?

• #22 IOM 2015 Diagnostic Criteria | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/hcp/diagnosis/iom-2015-diagnostic-criteria-1.html

  In 2015, the Institute of Medicine published diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS in adults and children. The criteria state that three required symptoms and at least one of two additional symptoms are required for diagnosis. […] To be diagnosed with ME/CFS, patients must have at least one of the symptoms below. These are in addition to the three required symptoms above. […] The frequency and severity of these symptoms need to be evaluated. The IOM committee specified, for diagnosis, patients should have symptoms least half of the time with moderate, substantial, or severe intensity. […] Diagnosis of ME/CFS.

• #23 Myalgic encephalomyelitis (Chronic fatigue syndrome) – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/277

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe, multisystemic, and disabling condition. […] A history of post-exertional malaise (PEM), also known as post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), for a minimum of 6 months is considered a defining key symptom. […] Although diagnostic criteria stipulate that diagnosis in adults should not be made until after 6 months of symptoms (3 months for children) and negative medical evaluation, the 2021 UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance discusses the negative impact of a 6-month delay in starting management. NICE therefore recommends that observation in adults be reduced to 3 months before initiating therapy. […] There are no objective diagnostic tests, verified biomarkers, curative medications, or treatments for ME/CFS.

• #24 Recommendations | Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206/chapter/recommendations

  People have the right to be involved in discussions and make informed decisions about their care, as described in NICE’s information on making decisions about your care. […] Explain to people presenting with possible symptoms of ME/CFS that there currently is no diagnostic test for ME/CFS and it is recognised on clinical grounds alone. […] Diagnose ME/CFS in a child, young person or adult who has the symptoms in recommendation 1.2.2 that have persisted for 3 months and are not explained by another condition. […] Primary healthcare professionals should consider seeking advice from an appropriate specialist if there is uncertainty about interpreting signs and symptoms at 3 months and whether further investigations are needed. […] Refer adults directly to an ME/CFS specialist team to confirm their diagnosis and develop a care and support plan.

• #25 Diagnosing ME/CFS | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/diagnosis/index.html

  There is no test available to specifically screen for ME/CFS. […] Your healthcare provider will start by asking about your symptoms and health history. […] They will also do a physical and mental exam. […] And finally, they will take blood and urine samples from you to rule out other illnesses. […] To better understand whether you may have ME/CFS, your healthcare provider may ask more about your activities and abilities. […] Your healthcare provider might refer you to a specialist to do try to learn more about what’s causing your symptoms. […] These specialists can check for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms similar to ME/CFS. […] You can read more about how healthcare providers diagnose ME/CFS in the 2015 Institute of Medicine report on ME/CFS. […] This report includes the symptoms you must have to be diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] It also includes symptoms that some people with ME/CFS have, while others don’t. […] ME/CFS is a serious, debilitating illness that makes it hard for people to do activities they could previously do without difficulty.

• #26 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  The main diagnostic features of the illness have been incorporated into several different case definitions. […] The cardinal feature of ME/CFS is malaise and the exacerbation of symptoms after a variety of forms of effort (most commonly physical or cognitive activity or orthostatic stress). […] Symptoms have persisted or recurred for at least 6 months (a provisional diagnosis and appropriate management can be instituted before 6 months). […] The pattern of ME/CFS symptoms is distinctive and the diagnosis can easily be made in most cases, but there can be some diagnostic challenges. […] The clinician might find it helpful to first ask the patient to list current symptoms in order of severity, to get a sense of the areas that will need to be explored. […] The history is not only vital to diagnosis, but also taking the history in a thorough and empathetic manner engenders the trust of the patient and family, shows that the clinician takes the patient’s illness seriously, and is an important prelude to management.

• #27 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  The main diagnostic features of the illness have been incorporated into several different case definitions. […] The cardinal feature of ME/CFS is malaise and the exacerbation of symptoms after a variety of forms of effort (most commonly physical or cognitive activity or orthostatic stress). […] Symptoms have persisted or recurred for at least 6 months (a provisional diagnosis and appropriate management can be instituted before 6 months). […] The pattern of ME/CFS symptoms is distinctive and the diagnosis can easily be made in most cases, but there can be some diagnostic challenges. […] The clinician might find it helpful to first ask the patient to list current symptoms in order of severity, to get a sense of the areas that will need to be explored. […] The history is not only vital to diagnosis, but also taking the history in a thorough and empathetic manner engenders the trust of the patient and family, shows that the clinician takes the patient’s illness seriously, and is an important prelude to management.

• #28 Do I Have ME/CFS? Quiz – Solve ME/CFS Initiative

  https://solvecfs.org/me-cfs-long-covid/do-i-have-mecfs-quiz/

  It is important to note that post-exertional malaise is one of the toughest symptoms of ME/CFS to recognize, as malaise can often occur days after mental or physical exertion has occurred. […] ME/CFS affects an estimated 20 million people worldwide. One-quarter of those afflicted will become house- or bedbound within their lifetime. […] While ME/CFS is four times more likely to affect women than men, this chronic condition strikes people from every age, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic group.

• #29 Diagnosing ME/CFS | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/diagnosis/index.html

  There is no test available to specifically screen for ME/CFS. […] Your healthcare provider will start by asking about your symptoms and health history. […] They will also do a physical and mental exam. […] And finally, they will take blood and urine samples from you to rule out other illnesses. […] To better understand whether you may have ME/CFS, your healthcare provider may ask more about your activities and abilities. […] Your healthcare provider might refer you to a specialist to do try to learn more about what’s causing your symptoms. […] These specialists can check for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms similar to ME/CFS. […] You can read more about how healthcare providers diagnose ME/CFS in the 2015 Institute of Medicine report on ME/CFS. […] This report includes the symptoms you must have to be diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] It also includes symptoms that some people with ME/CFS have, while others don’t. […] ME/CFS is a serious, debilitating illness that makes it hard for people to do activities they could previously do without difficulty.

• #30 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/235980-workup

  A proposed approach to diagnosing myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) involves assessing patients presenting with impaired function, fatigue, post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, cognitive impairment, and/or orthostatic intolerance. […] If symptoms persist for six months or longer, ME/CFS is diagnosed, and patients should be periodically re-evaluated and have routine health monitoring. […] The CDC advises conducting an initial evaluation for patients with ME/CFS that includes urinalysis, complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and assessments of phosphorus, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and C-reactive protein. […] Most individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have normal routine laboratory test results despite experiencing significant debilitation.

• #31 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/235980-workup

  A proposed approach to diagnosing myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) involves assessing patients presenting with impaired function, fatigue, post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, cognitive impairment, and/or orthostatic intolerance. […] If symptoms persist for six months or longer, ME/CFS is diagnosed, and patients should be periodically re-evaluated and have routine health monitoring. […] The CDC advises conducting an initial evaluation for patients with ME/CFS that includes urinalysis, complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and assessments of phosphorus, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and C-reactive protein. […] Most individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have normal routine laboratory test results despite experiencing significant debilitation.

• #32

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also called chronic fatigue syndrome or ME/CFS, is a long-term condition that can affect different parts of the body. […] There’s no specific test for ME/CFS, so it’s diagnosed based on your symptoms and by ruling out other conditions that could be causing your symptoms. […] As the symptoms of ME/CFS are similar to those of many common illnesses that usually get better on their own, a diagnosis of ME/CFS may be considered if you do not get better as quickly as expected.

• #33 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/235980-differential

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a diagnosis of exclusion. The key diagnostic task is to differentiate it from other disorders that also have a fatigue component. Fatigue resulting from CFS may be distinguished from other causes of fatigue based on the presence of cognitive dysfunction, which is absent in almost all other fatigue-producing disorders. Once a specific cause of fatigue has been diagnosed, ME/CFS is excluded by definition. […] It is especially important to rule out systemic disorders, particularly lymphoreticular malignancies, in patients who present with fatigue. Other diseases may be excluded based on the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings. In some cases, these other potential causes of fatigue must be reinvestigated several times.

• #34 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/235980-workup

  A proposed approach to diagnosing myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) involves assessing patients presenting with impaired function, fatigue, post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, cognitive impairment, and/or orthostatic intolerance. […] If symptoms persist for six months or longer, ME/CFS is diagnosed, and patients should be periodically re-evaluated and have routine health monitoring. […] The CDC advises conducting an initial evaluation for patients with ME/CFS that includes urinalysis, complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and assessments of phosphorus, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and C-reactive protein. […] Most individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have normal routine laboratory test results despite experiencing significant debilitation.

• #35 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/235980-workup

  Assessing ME/CFS involves examining the patient’s symptoms, medical history, physical examination results, recent laboratory tests, and clinical assessment. […] The following tests are regularly employed by healthcare providers with specialized knowledge in ME/CFS for patient evaluation. […] Further examinations such as imaging studies and physiological evaluations may be necessary to identify potential underlying conditions. […] Testing can help evaluate cognitive functions in patients with ME/CFS, as the condition can impact concentration, memory, and processing speed. […] MRI or other neuroimaging procedures may be necessary.

• #36 Diagnosing ME/CFS | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/diagnosis/index.html

  There is no test available to specifically screen for ME/CFS. […] Your healthcare provider will start by asking about your symptoms and health history. […] They will also do a physical and mental exam. […] And finally, they will take blood and urine samples from you to rule out other illnesses. […] To better understand whether you may have ME/CFS, your healthcare provider may ask more about your activities and abilities. […] Your healthcare provider might refer you to a specialist to do try to learn more about what’s causing your symptoms. […] These specialists can check for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms similar to ME/CFS. […] You can read more about how healthcare providers diagnose ME/CFS in the 2015 Institute of Medicine report on ME/CFS. […] This report includes the symptoms you must have to be diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] It also includes symptoms that some people with ME/CFS have, while others don’t. […] ME/CFS is a serious, debilitating illness that makes it hard for people to do activities they could previously do without difficulty.

• #37 Diagnosing ME/CFS | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/diagnosis/index.html

  There is no test available to specifically screen for ME/CFS. […] Your healthcare provider will start by asking about your symptoms and health history. […] They will also do a physical and mental exam. […] And finally, they will take blood and urine samples from you to rule out other illnesses. […] To better understand whether you may have ME/CFS, your healthcare provider may ask more about your activities and abilities. […] Your healthcare provider might refer you to a specialist to do try to learn more about what’s causing your symptoms. […] These specialists can check for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms similar to ME/CFS. […] You can read more about how healthcare providers diagnose ME/CFS in the 2015 Institute of Medicine report on ME/CFS. […] This report includes the symptoms you must have to be diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] It also includes symptoms that some people with ME/CFS have, while others don’t. […] ME/CFS is a serious, debilitating illness that makes it hard for people to do activities they could previously do without difficulty.

• #38 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthwise/myalgic-encephalomyelitischronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disease that causes you to feel so ill that you can’t do your normal activities. Sleeping problems occur along with extreme fatigue that doesn’t get better with rest. Any kind of activity often makes your symptoms worse. You may have other symptoms like problems with thinking. […] To be diagnosed with ME/CFS, you must have all of these symptoms: Major decrease in your ability to do the things you did before you got sick including work, school, social, or personal activities that has continued for more than 6 months. Worsening of symptoms after being mentally or physically active (post-exertional malaise). […] Doctors use a specific list of symptoms to diagnose ME/CFS. Sometimes they may have you track your symptoms, activity, and rest in a diary. Since symptoms of ME/CFS can be similar to other conditions, doctors may do additional tests to confirm a diagnosis of ME/CFS. Or they may use a variety of tests to rule out other conditions.

• #39 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  The cardinal symptom of ME/CFS is post-exertional malaise (PEM). PEM is the exacerbation of symptoms following physical or mental exertion. […] Patients may already be pacing activity to avoid PEM. […] Cognitive impairment may be induced or exacerbated by exertion, both physical or mental. […] Orthostatic intolerance occurs when symptoms become worse with upright positions (raised head of bed, sitting or standing) and generally improve when recumbent. […] Identify and manage other conditions that may explain symptoms. Once these are treated and stabilised, further consideration of an ME/CFS diagnosis can be made. […] Co-occurring conditions are common in ME/CFS and do not necessarily rule out an ME/CFS diagnosis. Identifying and managing these may reduce symptom burden.

• #40 What is ME?

  https://www.meresearch.org.uk/what-is-me/

  ALL of the following symptoms should be present to suspect ME/CFS: Debilitating fatigue that is worsened by activity, is not caused by excessive cognitive, physical, emotional or social exertion, and is not significantly relieved by rest. […] Post-exertional malaise after activity in which the worsening of symptoms: is often delayed in onset by hours or days, is disproportionate to the activity, has a prolonged recovery time that may last hours, days, weeks or longer. […] Unrefreshing sleep or sleep disturbance (or both), which may include: feeling exhausted, feeling flu-like and stiff on waking, broken or shallow sleep, altered sleep pattern or hypersomnia. […] Cognitive difficulties (sometimes described as brain fog), which may include problems finding words or numbers, difficulty in speaking, slowed responsiveness, short-term memory problems, and difficulty concentrating or multitasking.

• #41 Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318508v1.full-text

  Background Surveillance of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), a chronic, debilitating multisystem illness, is challenging because ME/CFS can be under-recognized in healthcare settings. […] Of those with survey-defined ME/CFS-like illness, an estimated 97.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 97.1%-98.4%) did not have an ME/CFS diagnosis in the EHR. […] ME/CFS is underdiagnosed in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California healthcare system. Enhanced syndromic surveillance that characterizes patients with ME/CFS who have not been diagnosed has the potential to increase timely recognition of ME/CFS. […] Given the lack of a diagnostic biomarker, ME/CFS is diagnosed by clinicians based on patient self-report of symptoms that meet the IOM diagnostic criteria after full clinical evaluation to identify other conditions that could contribute to symptoms.

• #42 Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318508v1.full-text

  Prior studies have suggested that most ME/CFS patients are undiagnosed, and the number of people with undiagnosed ME/CFS may have recently increased given ME/CFS is a possible outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] These findings suggest that many people with ME/CFS are not recognized, particularly those with recent onset. […] Earlier diagnosis of ME/CFS by clinicians might facilitate improvement in outcomes and prevention of disease progression for this group. […] The results suggest that underdiagnosis of ME/CFS is common despite high levels of care utilization in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated healthcare system. Several strategies could be implemented to attempt to address underdiagnosis, including continued syndromic surveillance, web-based training for providers and patients, and public health detailing. Improved ascertainment of ME/CFS by the medical system is critical for patient care and well-being and has the potential to decrease patient morbidity from ME/CFS through earlier recognition and intervention.

• #43 The search for a blood-based biomarker for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): from biochemistry to electrophysiology | Journal of Translational Medicine | Full Text

  https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-025-06146-6

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disease of unknown aetiology characterised by symptoms of post-exertional malaise (PEM) and fatigue leading to substantial impairment in functioning. […] To date there is no complete understanding of the triggering pathomechanisms of disease, and no quantitative biomarker available with sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and adoptability to provide conclusive diagnosis. […] Without a quantitative biomarker, trivialisation, scepticism, marginalisation, and misunderstanding of ME/CFS continues despite the significant disability for many. […] Recent studies have reported promising quantifiable differences in the biochemical and electrophysiological properties of blood cells, which separate ME/CFS and non-ME/CFS participants with high sensitivities and specificities demonstrating potential development of an accessible and relatively non-invasive diagnostic biomarker.

• #44 About the Disease – Solve ME/CFS Initiative

  https://solvecfs.org/me-cfs-long-covid/about-the-disease/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic, complex, neuroimmune disease that profoundly limits the health and productivity of patients and, like Long Covid, is often triggered by an infection. […] At this time, the cause of ME/CFS is not fully understood. There is no diagnostic test, cure, nor FDA-approved treatments or drugs for ME/CFS, and patients often suffer for life. […] Studies show that less than 9-16 percent of ME/CFS patients in the United States have been properly diagnosed. Diagnosing ME/CFS is a challenging process because there is still not one diagnostic test or biomarker that’s conclusive. Getting a definitive diagnosis often takes months or even years. […] There is currently no diagnostic test for ME/CFS. This is an important area of research that Solve M.E. is actively supporting.

• #45 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disorder characterized by extreme fatigue or tiredness that doesn’t go away with rest and can’t be explained by an underlying medical condition. […] Because no single cause has been identified, and because many other conditions produce similar symptoms, CFS can be difficult to diagnose. […] There are no tests for CFS. Your doctor will have to rule out other causes for your fatigue when determining a diagnosis. […] While CFS was previously a controversial diagnosis, it’s now widely accepted as a medical condition. […] For CFS to be diagnosed, a significantly reduced ability to perform your usual daily activities with fatigue must last for at least 6 months. It must not be curable with bed rest. […] In order to receive a CFS diagnosis, your doctor will rule out other potential causes and review your medical history with you.

• #46 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Ruling out other potential causes of your fatigue is a key part of the diagnosis process. […] CFS is a very challenging condition to diagnose. […] There are no medical tests to screen for CFS. Its symptoms are similar to many other conditions. […] Because of the similarities between symptoms of CFS and many other conditions, it’s important to not self-diagnose. Talk to your doctor about your symptoms. They can work with you to get relief.

• #47 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360490

  People who have a history of other complex medical problems, such as fibromyalgia or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, may be more likely to develop ME/CFS. […] Symptoms of ME/CFS can come and go, and often are triggered by physical activity or emotional stress. […] Many people may be too weak to get out of bed at different points during their illness. Some may need to use a wheelchair.

• #48 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious, long-term illness that affects many body systems. […] ME/CFS can be difficult to diagnose. There is no specific test for ME/CFS, and other illnesses can cause similar symptoms. Your health care provider has to rule out other diseases before making a diagnosis of ME/CFS. […] To be diagnosed with ME/CFS, you need to have one or both of these symptoms: Problems with thinking and memory. […] ME/CFS can be unpredictable. Your symptoms may come and go. They may change over time; sometimes they might get better, and other times they may get worse. […] There is no cure or approved treatment for ME/CFS, but you may be able to treat or manage some of your symptoms. […] Make sure to talk to your provider before you try any new treatments. Some treatments that are promoted as cures for ME/CFS are unproven, often costly, and could be dangerous.

• #49 Clinical features and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Clinical features and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome […] Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), previously known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is a chronic, often debilitating illness, characterized by severe fatigue and other symptoms. […] In persons with ME/CFS, multiple underlying abnormalities involving the central and autonomic nervous systems, the immune system, energy metabolism, the cardiovascular system, and the gut microbiome have been described. […] However, there are no diagnostic tests of adequate sensitivity and specificity to confirm the diagnosis and no proven effective treatments. […] The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of ME/CFS are reviewed here. […] There are multiple case definitions for ME/CFS. […] We agree with the widely used case definition put forth by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM; previously the Institute of Medicine [IOM]) that focuses on the most specific features of the disease.

• #50 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) | NHMRCNHMRCNHMRC TaglineNHMRC Tagline

  https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/health-advice/me-cfs

  ME/CFS is a complex and debilitating condition, characterised by profound fatigue following exertion (not relieved by sleep or rest), unrefreshing sleep and cognitive impairment. […] Diagnosis is also a challenge in the absence of a diagnostic test and lack of a universally accepted case definition among researchers and clinicians. […] Diagnosis currently relies on elimination of other similar disease patterns and self-reported symptom based criteria. […] The goal of these guidelines is to improve diagnosis, treatment and care of patients living with ME/CFS.

• #51 First ever diagnostic test for chronic fatigue syndrome sparks hope – Advanced Science News

  https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/first-ever-diagnostic-test-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-sparks-hope/

  Historically, those suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome have encountered significant challenges in gaining recognition and validation within the medical community. […] A lot of people face huge hurdles to get [welfare]. […] Their work not only offers patients a path to closure and a way to manage their symptoms, but also holds the potential to unveil crucial insights into the biological mechanisms underlying this condition. […] This demonstrating of clear differences in the cell biology of people with ME/CFS and healthy controls will hopefully help to dispel the notion that its all in our head.

• #52 Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19012/beyond-myalgic-encephalomyelitischronic-fatigue-syndrome-redefining-an-illness

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are serious, debilitating conditions that affect millions of people in the United States and around the world. ME/CFS can cause significant impairment and disability. […] Diagnosing the disease remains a challenge, and patients often struggle with their illness for years before an identification is made. […] Once diagnosed, patients often complain of receiving hostility from their health care provider as well as being subjected to treatment strategies that exacerbate their symptoms. […] According to this report, the term myalgic encephalomyelitis does not accurately describe this illness, and the term chronic fatigue syndrome can result in trivialization and stigmatization for patients afflicted with this illness. […] This report lists the major symptoms of SEID and recommends a diagnostic process. One of the report’s most important conclusions is that a thorough history, physical examination, and targeted work-up are necessary and often sufficient for diagnosis. The new criteria will allow a large percentage of undiagnosed patients to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.

• #53 The search for a blood-based biomarker for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): from biochemistry to electrophysiology | Journal of Translational Medicine | Full Text

  https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-025-06146-6

  Different biochemical and electrophysiological properties which differentiate ME/CFS have been identified across studies, holding promise as potential blood-based quantitative diagnostic biomarkers for ME/CFS. However, further research is required to determine their specificity to ME/CFS and adoptability for clinical use. […] In the absence of a diagnostic biomarker for ME/CFS, differential diagnosis is performed using clinical guidelines, physical examinations, medical histories, and blood tests to eliminate other conditions which share similar symptom presentation. […] A quantifiable biomarker is urgently required to assist in and accelerate a correct ME/CFS diagnosis. […] Diagnosis is thus a lengthy and costly process often taking years, and it is estimated 84-91% of patients affected by ME/CFS remain undiagnosed.

• #54 Diagnosis – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosis/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can affect anyone of any age and background. […] While there is currently no diagnostic test for ME/CFS, an accurate diagnosis can be made by a doctor using accepted diagnostic criteria. […] Diagnosis should also involve the exclusion of other possible causes of your symptoms. […] There have been many different diagnostic criteria developed for ME/CFS over several decades. […] However, as most of these do not list post-exertional malaise (PEM) as a core feature of the condition, they are no longer recommended. […] In its 2015 report, NAM noted that an estimated 90% of people living with ME/CFS are undiagnosed. […] The NAM criteria were designed to simplify the diagnostic process, to make it easier for doctors to diagnose ME/CFS when it is present in their patients.

• #55 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis  | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myalgic-encephalomyelitis/

  Overall, many patients with ME/CFS continue to have functional impairments chronically. Predictors of outcomes has been a topic of debate with studies showing variable results. The relationship between age of onset, illness duration, and ultimate improvement in symptoms has not been clearly defined. A delay in diagnosis has been shown to predict poorer outcomes. […] Despite the identification of multiple molecular pathway alterations in ME/CFS patients, no single biomarker test has been identified as a method of diagnosing ME/CFS. […] With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased drive to research the associated long-term effects. It is hoped that in elucidating the processes behind the post-viral fatigue and changes in Long-COVID patients, more light will be shed on treating patients with ME/CFS.

• #56 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  Emerge Australia has partnered with North West Melbourne Primary Health Network (NWMPHN) to develop an ME/CFS HealthPathway, to assist clinicians in diagnosing and safely managing ME/CFS. […] Early diagnosis ensures patients receive management that may reduce the risk of their condition deteriorating. It also enables referral for vital support services and provides answers for the patient and their loved ones. […] Patients with long COVID who present with post-exertional malaise (PEM) should have ME/CFS included in the differential diagnosis as the presence of PEM may change activity and exercise advice. […] The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) criteria are recommended for clinical settings by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Emerge Australia, as they were designed for diagnosis in the clinical setting.

• #57 Blood test may detect myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-test-may-detect-myalgic-encephalomyelitis/chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Researchers developed a blood test that, in a pilot study, accurately identified people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. […] If validated in larger studies, the assay could one day help diagnose the disease and enable researchers to test potential treatments. […] There are currently no diagnostic tests for ME/CFS. […] In addition to allowing an accurate diagnosis, this assay could be used to test how effective drugs are for treating the disease. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings and ensure the assay is specific for ME/CFS before it could be used in the clinic.

• #58 First ever diagnostic test for chronic fatigue syndrome sparks hope – Advanced Science News

  https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/first-ever-diagnostic-test-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-sparks-hope/

  An innovative blood test designed to identify chronic fatigue syndrome, and potentially applicable to long COVID and Lyme disease, boasts 91% accuracy. […] Formally known as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), this condition is generally characterized by persistent and unexplained fatigue though it also presents a myriad of symptoms that can vary between patients and fluctuates over time. […] One of the greatest challenges is the fact that no definitive diagnostic tests or treatment options exist. […] But now, there is hope that this could one day change with news of a new diagnostic test that can, for the first time, accurately identify hallmarks of chronic fatigue syndrome in blood cells. […] In the absence of a precise diagnostic test, many people with chronic fatigue syndrome are forced to rely on subjective assessments and the process of elimination in order to receive a diagnosis or in some cases, they dont receive a clear diagnosis at all.

• #59 Blood test may detect myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-test-may-detect-myalgic-encephalomyelitis/chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Researchers developed a blood test that, in a pilot study, accurately identified people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. […] If validated in larger studies, the assay could one day help diagnose the disease and enable researchers to test potential treatments. […] There are currently no diagnostic tests for ME/CFS. […] In addition to allowing an accurate diagnosis, this assay could be used to test how effective drugs are for treating the disease. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings and ensure the assay is specific for ME/CFS before it could be used in the clinic.

• #60 Chronic fatigue syndrome: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184802

  In 2018, researchers found that the levels of some molecules appeared to change when people had ME/CFS. One day, this may help make it easier to diagnose ME/CFS, but more studies are necessary before this can happen. […] In 2019, another research team announced that they had made further progress in developing a test. The test focused on certain features of blood cells and electrical activity in people with ME/CFS. […] In the past, many doctors did not believe that ME/CFS was a real disease, but major health organizations now recognize it.

• #61 ME/CF Healthcare Professionals – Bateman Horne Center

  https://batemanhornecenter.org/providers/mecfs/diagnosing-managing/

  Poor NK cell cytotoxicity (NK cell function, not number) correlates with illness severity in patients and could serve as a biomarker for the severity of the disease. […] Neurological impairment: Impaired psychomotor function, muscle weakness, twitching, instability, spatial disorientation, ataxia, sensory changes (e.g. sensitivity or intolerance to light, noise and touch). […] Other comorbid conditions may exist in those with ME/CFS. […] Bateman served as a clinical expert on the 2015 IOM/NAM committee, contributing her expertise in the development of the clinical diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS, a pivotal and influential moment for all clinicians, researchers, and patients. […] In 2015 she expanded her impact by combining her private clinical and research practice with its sister non-profit, OFFER, to create a medical center of excellence, BHC, dedicated to the diagnosis, management, research, and education for the benefit of individuals impacted by msCCD.

• #62 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis  | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myalgic-encephalomyelitis/

  Patients must have at least one of the following manifestations: […] – Moderate-severe cognitive impairment that is present more than 50% of the time […] – Orthostatic intolerance […] Currently, there is no single validated lab test utilized for diagnosing ME/CFS. Poor NK cell cytotoxicity has been correlated to ME/CFS disease severity. […] There is no imaging study that will diagnose ME/CFS as it is a syndrome of a variety of symptoms. […] It is important for clinicians to recognize the symptoms of ME/CFS and provide education and support to patients and their families regarding the disease process. […] There is no single biomarker or test for diagnosis of ME/CFS, though patients have been shown to have lower functioning NK cells and thus have an impaired immune system response.

• #63 A Novel Blood Test Could Revolutionize Chronic Fatigue Diagnosis

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/a-novel-blood-test-could-revolutionize-chronic-fatigue-diagnosis/

  Clinical Relevance: A blood test for ME/CFS could one day offer earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment. […] A novel blood test based on a single-cell Raman platform achieved a remarkable 91 percent accuracy in distinguishing ME/CFS patients from healthy individuals and disease controls. […] This breakthrough could lead to an objective biomarker for ME/CFS, reducing the reliance on self-reported diagnosis. […] Diagnostic tools for complex conditions like myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have been elusive. […] The Raman profiles distinguished between healthy individuals, disease controls, and ME/CFS patients with a 91 percent accuracy. […] This level of precision could be a game-changer, the researchers said. […] Having an objective biomarker could reinforce the reality of the illness and lend credibility to the patient experience.

• #64 Chronic fatigue syndrome: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184802

  In 2018, researchers found that the levels of some molecules appeared to change when people had ME/CFS. One day, this may help make it easier to diagnose ME/CFS, but more studies are necessary before this can happen. […] In 2019, another research team announced that they had made further progress in developing a test. The test focused on certain features of blood cells and electrical activity in people with ME/CFS. […] In the past, many doctors did not believe that ME/CFS was a real disease, but major health organizations now recognize it.

• #65 A Novel Blood Test Could Revolutionize Chronic Fatigue Diagnosis

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/a-novel-blood-test-could-revolutionize-chronic-fatigue-diagnosis/

  Verifiable diagnostics could also enable early and more effective intervention. […] The study results mark a significant step forward in understanding ME/CFS, but the researchers caution that its not a panacea. […] In the short term, their work does offer realistic hope for a reliable diagnostic tool in chronic fatigue conditions.

• #66 First ever diagnostic test for chronic fatigue syndrome sparks hope – Advanced Science News

  https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/first-ever-diagnostic-test-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-sparks-hope/

  Historically, those suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome have encountered significant challenges in gaining recognition and validation within the medical community. […] A lot of people face huge hurdles to get [welfare]. […] Their work not only offers patients a path to closure and a way to manage their symptoms, but also holds the potential to unveil crucial insights into the biological mechanisms underlying this condition. […] This demonstrating of clear differences in the cell biology of people with ME/CFS and healthy controls will hopefully help to dispel the notion that its all in our head.

• #67 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20305551

  There’s no single test to confirm a diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). […] To meet the Institute of Medicine’s diagnostic criteria for this condition, a person would also need to experience at least one of these two symptoms: […] These symptoms must last for at least six months and occur at least half the time at moderate, substantial or severe intensity. […] It’s also common for people who have ME/CFS to also have other health problems at the same time, such as sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia. […] In fact, there are so many overlapping symptoms between this condition and fibromyalgia that some researchers consider the two disorders to be different aspects of the same disease.

• #68 ME or CFS | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/myalgic-encephalomyelitis-me-or-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a long term (chronic) neurological condition that affects the nervous and immune systems. […] Theres no single test to detect ME/CFS. A diagnosis is made after other possible known causes for symptoms have been excluded. […] The earlier the illness is recognised, the sooner you can get help to manage your symptoms. […] They may be able to make a diagnosis after 3 or 4 months of seeing a pattern of symptoms. […] Anyone suspected of having ME/CFS should be considered for routine blood tests to identify other possible illnesses. […] Some people with ME/CFS also have another long-term condition and its important that you talk to your GP about how to manage the symptoms of the 2 conditions.

• #69 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20305551

  There’s no single test to confirm a diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). […] To meet the Institute of Medicine’s diagnostic criteria for this condition, a person would also need to experience at least one of these two symptoms: […] These symptoms must last for at least six months and occur at least half the time at moderate, substantial or severe intensity. […] It’s also common for people who have ME/CFS to also have other health problems at the same time, such as sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia. […] In fact, there are so many overlapping symptoms between this condition and fibromyalgia that some researchers consider the two disorders to be different aspects of the same disease.

• #70 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20305551

  There’s no single test to confirm a diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). […] To meet the Institute of Medicine’s diagnostic criteria for this condition, a person would also need to experience at least one of these two symptoms: […] These symptoms must last for at least six months and occur at least half the time at moderate, substantial or severe intensity. […] It’s also common for people who have ME/CFS to also have other health problems at the same time, such as sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia. […] In fact, there are so many overlapping symptoms between this condition and fibromyalgia that some researchers consider the two disorders to be different aspects of the same disease.

• #71 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20305551

  There’s no single test to confirm a diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). […] To meet the Institute of Medicine’s diagnostic criteria for this condition, a person would also need to experience at least one of these two symptoms: […] These symptoms must last for at least six months and occur at least half the time at moderate, substantial or severe intensity. […] It’s also common for people who have ME/CFS to also have other health problems at the same time, such as sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia. […] In fact, there are so many overlapping symptoms between this condition and fibromyalgia that some researchers consider the two disorders to be different aspects of the same disease.

• #72 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360490

  People who have a history of other complex medical problems, such as fibromyalgia or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, may be more likely to develop ME/CFS. […] Symptoms of ME/CFS can come and go, and often are triggered by physical activity or emotional stress. […] Many people may be too weak to get out of bed at different points during their illness. Some may need to use a wheelchair.

• #73 ME/CFS Patient Education – Bateman Horne Center

  https://batemanhornecenter.org/education/me-cfs/

  Sleep that remains non-restorative regardless of sleep duration, is a key factor when identifying the presence of this symptom. […] Impairments of cognitive function, and particularly slowed information processing are frequently reported in those with ME/CFS. […] Orthostatic Intolerance (OI), Orthostatic Hypotension (OH), Neurally Mediated Hypotension (NMH), and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) are terms used to describe the exacerbation of symptoms during upright posture, that are relieved or ameliorated by lying down or reclining. […] The following reflects the 2020 U.S. ME/CFS Clinician Coalitions Guidelines: Basics of Diagnosis and Treatment. […] In the past, a diagnosis of ME/CFS was made by first excluding all other possible conditions. However, the 2015 National Academy of Medicine report established ME/CFS as a positive diagnosis that can coexist with other conditions, including those in the differential diagnosis. […] ME/CFS is often thought of as an adult disease, but children (both adolescents and younger children) are diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] Scientists estimate that up to 2 in 100 children suffer from ME/CFS.

• #74 Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome » Global Autoimmune Institute

  https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/me-cfs/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), also known as Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by overwhelming tiredness that is not improved by rest. […] Due to its similar appearance to other illnesses, diagnosis is challenging. […] Presently, the causes of ME/CFS are unknown. There are no laboratory tests specifically designed to diagnose the condition, nor are there cures available. […] Patients must exhibit three primary symptoms before being diagnosed with ME/CFS: severe fatigue that lasts six months or longer, post-exertional malaise (a worsening of symptoms that occurs after mental or physical exertion), and sleep problems. […] Typically, memory issues or orthostatic intolerance (exacerbation of symptoms when standing upright) are also included in the diagnostic criteria. […] There is also a suspected genetic component to the disease. […] Additionally, viral infections, immune system problems, hormonal imbalances, and physical/emotional trauma are being studied as potential triggers for ME/CFS.

• #75 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  The cardinal symptom of ME/CFS is post-exertional malaise (PEM). PEM is the exacerbation of symptoms following physical or mental exertion. […] Patients may already be pacing activity to avoid PEM. […] Cognitive impairment may be induced or exacerbated by exertion, both physical or mental. […] Orthostatic intolerance occurs when symptoms become worse with upright positions (raised head of bed, sitting or standing) and generally improve when recumbent. […] Identify and manage other conditions that may explain symptoms. Once these are treated and stabilised, further consideration of an ME/CFS diagnosis can be made. […] Co-occurring conditions are common in ME/CFS and do not necessarily rule out an ME/CFS diagnosis. Identifying and managing these may reduce symptom burden.

• #76 ME/CFS Patient Education – Bateman Horne Center

  https://batemanhornecenter.org/education/me-cfs/

  Sleep that remains non-restorative regardless of sleep duration, is a key factor when identifying the presence of this symptom. […] Impairments of cognitive function, and particularly slowed information processing are frequently reported in those with ME/CFS. […] Orthostatic Intolerance (OI), Orthostatic Hypotension (OH), Neurally Mediated Hypotension (NMH), and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) are terms used to describe the exacerbation of symptoms during upright posture, that are relieved or ameliorated by lying down or reclining. […] The following reflects the 2020 U.S. ME/CFS Clinician Coalitions Guidelines: Basics of Diagnosis and Treatment. […] In the past, a diagnosis of ME/CFS was made by first excluding all other possible conditions. However, the 2015 National Academy of Medicine report established ME/CFS as a positive diagnosis that can coexist with other conditions, including those in the differential diagnosis. […] ME/CFS is often thought of as an adult disease, but children (both adolescents and younger children) are diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] Scientists estimate that up to 2 in 100 children suffer from ME/CFS.

• #77 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease that affects children and adolescents as well as adults. […] While many pediatricians and other health-care providers are aware of ME/CFS, they often lack essential knowledge that is necessary for diagnosis and treatment. […] This primer, written by the International Writing Group for Pediatric ME/CFS, provides information necessary to understand, diagnose, and manage the symptoms of ME/CFS in children and adolescents. […] Because there is no diagnostic test for ME/CFS, diagnosis is purely clinical, based on the history and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses by physical examination and medical testing. […] Successful management is based on determining the optimum balance of rest and activity to help prevent post-exertional symptom worsening.

• #78 ME/CFS Patient Education – Bateman Horne Center

  https://batemanhornecenter.org/education/me-cfs/

  Sleep that remains non-restorative regardless of sleep duration, is a key factor when identifying the presence of this symptom. […] Impairments of cognitive function, and particularly slowed information processing are frequently reported in those with ME/CFS. […] Orthostatic Intolerance (OI), Orthostatic Hypotension (OH), Neurally Mediated Hypotension (NMH), and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) are terms used to describe the exacerbation of symptoms during upright posture, that are relieved or ameliorated by lying down or reclining. […] The following reflects the 2020 U.S. ME/CFS Clinician Coalitions Guidelines: Basics of Diagnosis and Treatment. […] In the past, a diagnosis of ME/CFS was made by first excluding all other possible conditions. However, the 2015 National Academy of Medicine report established ME/CFS as a positive diagnosis that can coexist with other conditions, including those in the differential diagnosis. […] ME/CFS is often thought of as an adult disease, but children (both adolescents and younger children) are diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] Scientists estimate that up to 2 in 100 children suffer from ME/CFS.

• #79 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  If a patient is presenting with signs and symptoms that raise the possibility of ME/CFS or long COVID, it is important they rest and pace their activity while a diagnostic workup occurs. Advising patients to engage in activity that provokes symptoms is no longer recommended. […] Diagnosing ME/CFS may take several visits. […] Keep in mind some patients may not appear unwell during clinic visits, but recovery time may be required. […] The current diagnostic criteria for paediatric and adolescent ME/CFS are available here: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer. […] While there are no diagnostic tests sensitive and specific enough to diagnose ME/CFS, tests can look for other conditions, or guide clinical management. […] Significant reduction in capacity compared to pre-illness function is always present in ME/CFS.

• #80 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs-me

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex illness where extreme tiredness and other symptoms reduce your ability to function. […] Currently, there are no tests for ME/CFS. […] There is no single test to diagnose ME/CFS. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms, and how long you have had them. […] You can only receive a diagnosis of ME/CFS after you have had disabling fatigue for 6 months or more. In children and adolescents, these symptoms need to last for 3 months or more. […] Diagnosing ME/CFS Early diagnosis ensures patients receive management that may reduce the risk of their condition deteriorating.

• #81 Myalgic encephalomyelitis (Chronic fatigue syndrome) – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/277

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe, multisystemic, and disabling condition. […] A history of post-exertional malaise (PEM), also known as post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), for a minimum of 6 months is considered a defining key symptom. […] Although diagnostic criteria stipulate that diagnosis in adults should not be made until after 6 months of symptoms (3 months for children) and negative medical evaluation, the 2021 UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance discusses the negative impact of a 6-month delay in starting management. NICE therefore recommends that observation in adults be reduced to 3 months before initiating therapy. […] There are no objective diagnostic tests, verified biomarkers, curative medications, or treatments for ME/CFS.

• #82 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  The diagnosis of ME/CFS should not be made if the patient has an identifiable medical or primary psychiatric condition that could plausibly account for the presenting symptoms. […] If ME/CFS symptoms persist after adequate treatment of other confounding illnesses, a diagnosis of ME/CFS can be considered. […] The chronicity of ME/CFS signifies the need for continuing management and periodic re-evaluation. […] The health practitioner has an important role helping to ensure that the young patient receives the most appropriate schooling by educating the young person’s school personnel about the effect of the illness on scholastic performance, and providing appropriate documentation to education authorities.

• #83 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  The published literature on ME/CFS and specifically that describing the diagnosis and management of pediatric ME/CFS is very limited. […] The diagnosis of ME/CFS is purely clinical and is based on the history and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses by physical examination and medical testing. […] Establishing a diagnosis frequently provides the patient and parents much relief. […] Early diagnosis of ME/CFS can lessen the impact of the illness through timely support and intervention. […] The diagnosis depends on the patient’s symptoms meeting the criteria of one of several overlapping case definitions. […] The diagnosis of ME/CFS is made from the characteristic pattern of symptoms and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses because there is no medical test for the disease.

• #84 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  The published literature on ME/CFS and specifically that describing the diagnosis and management of pediatric ME/CFS is very limited. […] The diagnosis of ME/CFS is purely clinical and is based on the history and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses by physical examination and medical testing. […] Establishing a diagnosis frequently provides the patient and parents much relief. […] Early diagnosis of ME/CFS can lessen the impact of the illness through timely support and intervention. […] The diagnosis depends on the patient’s symptoms meeting the criteria of one of several overlapping case definitions. […] The diagnosis of ME/CFS is made from the characteristic pattern of symptoms and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses because there is no medical test for the disease.

• #85 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  The diagnosis of ME/CFS should not be made if the patient has an identifiable medical or primary psychiatric condition that could plausibly account for the presenting symptoms. […] If ME/CFS symptoms persist after adequate treatment of other confounding illnesses, a diagnosis of ME/CFS can be considered. […] The chronicity of ME/CFS signifies the need for continuing management and periodic re-evaluation. […] The health practitioner has an important role helping to ensure that the young patient receives the most appropriate schooling by educating the young person’s school personnel about the effect of the illness on scholastic performance, and providing appropriate documentation to education authorities.

• #86 Diagnosis and Management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Concise Clinical Review in Mayo Clinic Proceedings – #MEAction Network

  https://www.meaction.net/cme/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic neurologic disease often preceded by infection. There has been increased interest in ME/CFS recently because of its significant overlap with the post-COVID syndrome (Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID), with several studies estimating that half of patients with post-COVID syndrome fulfill ME/CFS criteria. This concise review describes a generalist approach to ME/CFS, including diagnosis, evaluation, and management strategies. […] Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s). Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

• #87 Diagnosis and Management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Concise Clinical Review in Mayo Clinic Proceedings – #MEAction Network

  https://www.meaction.net/cme/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic neurologic disease often preceded by infection. There has been increased interest in ME/CFS recently because of its significant overlap with the post-COVID syndrome (Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID), with several studies estimating that half of patients with post-COVID syndrome fulfill ME/CFS criteria. This concise review describes a generalist approach to ME/CFS, including diagnosis, evaluation, and management strategies. […] Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s). Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

• #88 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  Emerge Australia has partnered with North West Melbourne Primary Health Network (NWMPHN) to develop an ME/CFS HealthPathway, to assist clinicians in diagnosing and safely managing ME/CFS. […] Early diagnosis ensures patients receive management that may reduce the risk of their condition deteriorating. It also enables referral for vital support services and provides answers for the patient and their loved ones. […] Patients with long COVID who present with post-exertional malaise (PEM) should have ME/CFS included in the differential diagnosis as the presence of PEM may change activity and exercise advice. […] The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) criteria are recommended for clinical settings by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Emerge Australia, as they were designed for diagnosis in the clinical setting.

• #89 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis  | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myalgic-encephalomyelitis/

  Overall, many patients with ME/CFS continue to have functional impairments chronically. Predictors of outcomes has been a topic of debate with studies showing variable results. The relationship between age of onset, illness duration, and ultimate improvement in symptoms has not been clearly defined. A delay in diagnosis has been shown to predict poorer outcomes. […] Despite the identification of multiple molecular pathway alterations in ME/CFS patients, no single biomarker test has been identified as a method of diagnosing ME/CFS. […] With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased drive to research the associated long-term effects. It is hoped that in elucidating the processes behind the post-viral fatigue and changes in Long-COVID patients, more light will be shed on treating patients with ME/CFS.

• #90 Diagnosis – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosis/

  Early diagnosis helps ensure people living with ME/CFS get advice to live within their energy limits and minimise the risk of their condition worsening. […] Emerge Australia advocates the use of the US National Academy of Medicine (NAM) criteria for doctors to diagnose ME/CFS. […] These are not the only symptoms that people with ME/CFS experience, nor are they the only common symptoms. They are the minimum symptoms required to meet the diagnosis of ME/CFS using the NAM criteria. […] To exclude other potential causes for your symptoms, your doctor may need to run additional tests or refer you to a specialist. […] Once all other potential causes of your symptoms are eliminated, a clear diagnosis of ME/CFS using the NAM criteria can be made.

• #91 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs-me

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex illness where extreme tiredness and other symptoms reduce your ability to function. […] Currently, there are no tests for ME/CFS. […] There is no single test to diagnose ME/CFS. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms, and how long you have had them. […] You can only receive a diagnosis of ME/CFS after you have had disabling fatigue for 6 months or more. In children and adolescents, these symptoms need to last for 3 months or more. […] Diagnosing ME/CFS Early diagnosis ensures patients receive management that may reduce the risk of their condition deteriorating.

• #92 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  The published literature on ME/CFS and specifically that describing the diagnosis and management of pediatric ME/CFS is very limited. […] The diagnosis of ME/CFS is purely clinical and is based on the history and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses by physical examination and medical testing. […] Establishing a diagnosis frequently provides the patient and parents much relief. […] Early diagnosis of ME/CFS can lessen the impact of the illness through timely support and intervention. […] The diagnosis depends on the patient’s symptoms meeting the criteria of one of several overlapping case definitions. […] The diagnosis of ME/CFS is made from the characteristic pattern of symptoms and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses because there is no medical test for the disease.

• #93 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  If a patient is presenting with signs and symptoms that raise the possibility of ME/CFS or long COVID, it is important they rest and pace their activity while a diagnostic workup occurs. Advising patients to engage in activity that provokes symptoms is no longer recommended. […] Diagnosing ME/CFS may take several visits. […] Keep in mind some patients may not appear unwell during clinic visits, but recovery time may be required. […] The current diagnostic criteria for paediatric and adolescent ME/CFS are available here: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer. […] While there are no diagnostic tests sensitive and specific enough to diagnose ME/CFS, tests can look for other conditions, or guide clinical management. […] Significant reduction in capacity compared to pre-illness function is always present in ME/CFS.

• #94 Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs

  While diagnosis requires that a person has had symptoms continually for six months, early intervention with pacing and rest can help reduce symptoms, improve quality of life and reduce the risk of exacerbating the disease. […] It is important to find a doctor who is not only sympathetic to ME/CFS, but can work with you to help manage your symptoms.

• #95 Frontiers | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full

  The published literature on ME/CFS and specifically that describing the diagnosis and management of pediatric ME/CFS is very limited. […] The diagnosis of ME/CFS is purely clinical and is based on the history and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses by physical examination and medical testing. […] Establishing a diagnosis frequently provides the patient and parents much relief. […] Early diagnosis of ME/CFS can lessen the impact of the illness through timely support and intervention. […] The diagnosis depends on the patient’s symptoms meeting the criteria of one of several overlapping case definitions. […] The diagnosis of ME/CFS is made from the characteristic pattern of symptoms and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses because there is no medical test for the disease.

• #96 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  Emerge Australia has partnered with North West Melbourne Primary Health Network (NWMPHN) to develop an ME/CFS HealthPathway, to assist clinicians in diagnosing and safely managing ME/CFS. […] Early diagnosis ensures patients receive management that may reduce the risk of their condition deteriorating. It also enables referral for vital support services and provides answers for the patient and their loved ones. […] Patients with long COVID who present with post-exertional malaise (PEM) should have ME/CFS included in the differential diagnosis as the presence of PEM may change activity and exercise advice. […] The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) criteria are recommended for clinical settings by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Emerge Australia, as they were designed for diagnosis in the clinical setting.

• #97 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis  | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myalgic-encephalomyelitis/

  Overall, many patients with ME/CFS continue to have functional impairments chronically. Predictors of outcomes has been a topic of debate with studies showing variable results. The relationship between age of onset, illness duration, and ultimate improvement in symptoms has not been clearly defined. A delay in diagnosis has been shown to predict poorer outcomes. […] Despite the identification of multiple molecular pathway alterations in ME/CFS patients, no single biomarker test has been identified as a method of diagnosing ME/CFS. […] With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased drive to research the associated long-term effects. It is hoped that in elucidating the processes behind the post-viral fatigue and changes in Long-COVID patients, more light will be shed on treating patients with ME/CFS.

• #98 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis  | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myalgic-encephalomyelitis/

  Overall, many patients with ME/CFS continue to have functional impairments chronically. Predictors of outcomes has been a topic of debate with studies showing variable results. The relationship between age of onset, illness duration, and ultimate improvement in symptoms has not been clearly defined. A delay in diagnosis has been shown to predict poorer outcomes. […] Despite the identification of multiple molecular pathway alterations in ME/CFS patients, no single biomarker test has been identified as a method of diagnosing ME/CFS. […] With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased drive to research the associated long-term effects. It is hoped that in elucidating the processes behind the post-viral fatigue and changes in Long-COVID patients, more light will be shed on treating patients with ME/CFS.

• #99 Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318508v1.full-text

  Prior studies have suggested that most ME/CFS patients are undiagnosed, and the number of people with undiagnosed ME/CFS may have recently increased given ME/CFS is a possible outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] These findings suggest that many people with ME/CFS are not recognized, particularly those with recent onset. […] Earlier diagnosis of ME/CFS by clinicians might facilitate improvement in outcomes and prevention of disease progression for this group. […] The results suggest that underdiagnosis of ME/CFS is common despite high levels of care utilization in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated healthcare system. Several strategies could be implemented to attempt to address underdiagnosis, including continued syndromic surveillance, web-based training for providers and patients, and public health detailing. Improved ascertainment of ME/CFS by the medical system is critical for patient care and well-being and has the potential to decrease patient morbidity from ME/CFS through earlier recognition and intervention.

• #100 Recommendations | Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206/chapter/recommendations

  People have the right to be involved in discussions and make informed decisions about their care, as described in NICE’s information on making decisions about your care. […] Explain to people presenting with possible symptoms of ME/CFS that there currently is no diagnostic test for ME/CFS and it is recognised on clinical grounds alone. […] Diagnose ME/CFS in a child, young person or adult who has the symptoms in recommendation 1.2.2 that have persisted for 3 months and are not explained by another condition. […] Primary healthcare professionals should consider seeking advice from an appropriate specialist if there is uncertainty about interpreting signs and symptoms at 3 months and whether further investigations are needed. […] Refer adults directly to an ME/CFS specialist team to confirm their diagnosis and develop a care and support plan.

• #101 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  If a patient is presenting with signs and symptoms that raise the possibility of ME/CFS or long COVID, it is important they rest and pace their activity while a diagnostic workup occurs. Advising patients to engage in activity that provokes symptoms is no longer recommended. […] Diagnosing ME/CFS may take several visits. […] Keep in mind some patients may not appear unwell during clinic visits, but recovery time may be required. […] The current diagnostic criteria for paediatric and adolescent ME/CFS are available here: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer. […] While there are no diagnostic tests sensitive and specific enough to diagnose ME/CFS, tests can look for other conditions, or guide clinical management. […] Significant reduction in capacity compared to pre-illness function is always present in ME/CFS.

• #102 Recommendations | Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206/chapter/recommendations

  People have the right to be involved in discussions and make informed decisions about their care, as described in NICE’s information on making decisions about your care. […] Explain to people presenting with possible symptoms of ME/CFS that there currently is no diagnostic test for ME/CFS and it is recognised on clinical grounds alone. […] Diagnose ME/CFS in a child, young person or adult who has the symptoms in recommendation 1.2.2 that have persisted for 3 months and are not explained by another condition. […] Primary healthcare professionals should consider seeking advice from an appropriate specialist if there is uncertainty about interpreting signs and symptoms at 3 months and whether further investigations are needed. […] Refer adults directly to an ME/CFS specialist team to confirm their diagnosis and develop a care and support plan.

• #103 Recommendations | Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206/chapter/recommendations

  People have the right to be involved in discussions and make informed decisions about their care, as described in NICE’s information on making decisions about your care. […] Explain to people presenting with possible symptoms of ME/CFS that there currently is no diagnostic test for ME/CFS and it is recognised on clinical grounds alone. […] Diagnose ME/CFS in a child, young person or adult who has the symptoms in recommendation 1.2.2 that have persisted for 3 months and are not explained by another condition. […] Primary healthcare professionals should consider seeking advice from an appropriate specialist if there is uncertainty about interpreting signs and symptoms at 3 months and whether further investigations are needed. […] Refer adults directly to an ME/CFS specialist team to confirm their diagnosis and develop a care and support plan.

• #104 Recommendations | Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206/chapter/recommendations

  Specialist teams consist of a range of healthcare professionals with training and experience in assessing, diagnosing, treating and managing ME/CFS. […] When ME/CFS is suspected, give people personalised advice about managing their symptoms. […] Explain to people with suspected ME/CFS that their diagnosis can only be confirmed after 3 months of persistent symptoms. […] Be aware that ME/CFS symptoms can be managed but there is currently no cure (non-pharmacological or pharmacological) for ME/CFS. […] Be aware that other conditions may coexist with ME/CFS and should be investigated and managed according to best practice. […] Explain that flare-ups and relapses can happen in ME/CFS even if the person’s symptoms are well managed.

• #105 Recommendations | Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206/chapter/recommendations

  Specialist teams consist of a range of healthcare professionals with training and experience in assessing, diagnosing, treating and managing ME/CFS. […] When ME/CFS is suspected, give people personalised advice about managing their symptoms. […] Explain to people with suspected ME/CFS that their diagnosis can only be confirmed after 3 months of persistent symptoms. […] Be aware that ME/CFS symptoms can be managed but there is currently no cure (non-pharmacological or pharmacological) for ME/CFS. […] Be aware that other conditions may coexist with ME/CFS and should be investigated and managed according to best practice. […] Explain that flare-ups and relapses can happen in ME/CFS even if the person’s symptoms are well managed.

• #106 Recommendations | Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206/chapter/recommendations

  Specialist teams consist of a range of healthcare professionals with training and experience in assessing, diagnosing, treating and managing ME/CFS. […] When ME/CFS is suspected, give people personalised advice about managing their symptoms. […] Explain to people with suspected ME/CFS that their diagnosis can only be confirmed after 3 months of persistent symptoms. […] Be aware that ME/CFS symptoms can be managed but there is currently no cure (non-pharmacological or pharmacological) for ME/CFS. […] Be aware that other conditions may coexist with ME/CFS and should be investigated and managed according to best practice. […] Explain that flare-ups and relapses can happen in ME/CFS even if the person’s symptoms are well managed.

• #107

  https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/05/17/2021-10271/the-systematic-review-report-for-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitischronic-fatigue

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announces the opening of a docket to obtain comment on the systematic review draft report for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). The draft report describes inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant literature, outlines the approach for evaluating study quality, and summarizes the systematic review results. The report, once finalized, is intended to support the anticipated development of future clinical practice guidelines, which would guide physicians in managing and providing care for patients with ME/CFS. Currently there are no federal guidelines for management of ME/CFS. CDC has commissioned the Pacific Northwest Evidence-Based Practice Center at Oregon Health Science University to conduct a systematic review of the publicly available scientific literature and now seeks public comment to inform the final report. In particular, CDC seeks data and information, including reports and manuscripts that are pending publications or are not available through indexed bibliographic databases. Access to pertinent scientific information from research and evidence-based clinical practice may be used to inform the final report. The anticipated CDC guideline would assist clinicians by outlining management practices for patients with ME/CFS. […] Public comment may inform the final systematic review report and may be used to inform development of a clinical guideline and related materials, which would help clinicians diagnose and treat patients with ME/CFS.

• #108 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) | NHMRCNHMRCNHMRC TaglineNHMRC Tagline

  https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/health-advice/me-cfs

  ME/CFS is a complex and debilitating condition, characterised by profound fatigue following exertion (not relieved by sleep or rest), unrefreshing sleep and cognitive impairment. […] Diagnosis is also a challenge in the absence of a diagnostic test and lack of a universally accepted case definition among researchers and clinicians. […] Diagnosis currently relies on elimination of other similar disease patterns and self-reported symptom based criteria. […] The goal of these guidelines is to improve diagnosis, treatment and care of patients living with ME/CFS.

• #109

  https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/05/17/2021-10271/the-systematic-review-report-for-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitischronic-fatigue

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announces the opening of a docket to obtain comment on the systematic review draft report for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). The draft report describes inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant literature, outlines the approach for evaluating study quality, and summarizes the systematic review results. The report, once finalized, is intended to support the anticipated development of future clinical practice guidelines, which would guide physicians in managing and providing care for patients with ME/CFS. Currently there are no federal guidelines for management of ME/CFS. CDC has commissioned the Pacific Northwest Evidence-Based Practice Center at Oregon Health Science University to conduct a systematic review of the publicly available scientific literature and now seeks public comment to inform the final report. In particular, CDC seeks data and information, including reports and manuscripts that are pending publications or are not available through indexed bibliographic databases. Access to pertinent scientific information from research and evidence-based clinical practice may be used to inform the final report. The anticipated CDC guideline would assist clinicians by outlining management practices for patients with ME/CFS. […] Public comment may inform the final systematic review report and may be used to inform development of a clinical guideline and related materials, which would help clinicians diagnose and treat patients with ME/CFS.

• #110 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  Emerge Australia has partnered with North West Melbourne Primary Health Network (NWMPHN) to develop an ME/CFS HealthPathway, to assist clinicians in diagnosing and safely managing ME/CFS. […] Early diagnosis ensures patients receive management that may reduce the risk of their condition deteriorating. It also enables referral for vital support services and provides answers for the patient and their loved ones. […] Patients with long COVID who present with post-exertional malaise (PEM) should have ME/CFS included in the differential diagnosis as the presence of PEM may change activity and exercise advice. […] The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) criteria are recommended for clinical settings by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Emerge Australia, as they were designed for diagnosis in the clinical setting.

• #111 Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318508v1.full-text

  Prior studies have suggested that most ME/CFS patients are undiagnosed, and the number of people with undiagnosed ME/CFS may have recently increased given ME/CFS is a possible outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] These findings suggest that many people with ME/CFS are not recognized, particularly those with recent onset. […] Earlier diagnosis of ME/CFS by clinicians might facilitate improvement in outcomes and prevention of disease progression for this group. […] The results suggest that underdiagnosis of ME/CFS is common despite high levels of care utilization in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated healthcare system. Several strategies could be implemented to attempt to address underdiagnosis, including continued syndromic surveillance, web-based training for providers and patients, and public health detailing. Improved ascertainment of ME/CFS by the medical system is critical for patient care and well-being and has the potential to decrease patient morbidity from ME/CFS through earlier recognition and intervention.

• #112 Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318508v1.full-text

  Prior studies have suggested that most ME/CFS patients are undiagnosed, and the number of people with undiagnosed ME/CFS may have recently increased given ME/CFS is a possible outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] These findings suggest that many people with ME/CFS are not recognized, particularly those with recent onset. […] Earlier diagnosis of ME/CFS by clinicians might facilitate improvement in outcomes and prevention of disease progression for this group. […] The results suggest that underdiagnosis of ME/CFS is common despite high levels of care utilization in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated healthcare system. Several strategies could be implemented to attempt to address underdiagnosis, including continued syndromic surveillance, web-based training for providers and patients, and public health detailing. Improved ascertainment of ME/CFS by the medical system is critical for patient care and well-being and has the potential to decrease patient morbidity from ME/CFS through earlier recognition and intervention.

• #113

• #114 Blood test may detect myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-test-may-detect-myalgic-encephalomyelitis/chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Researchers developed a blood test that, in a pilot study, accurately identified people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. […] If validated in larger studies, the assay could one day help diagnose the disease and enable researchers to test potential treatments. […] There are currently no diagnostic tests for ME/CFS. […] In addition to allowing an accurate diagnosis, this assay could be used to test how effective drugs are for treating the disease. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings and ensure the assay is specific for ME/CFS before it could be used in the clinic.

• #115 Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318508v1.full-text

  Prior studies have suggested that most ME/CFS patients are undiagnosed, and the number of people with undiagnosed ME/CFS may have recently increased given ME/CFS is a possible outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] These findings suggest that many people with ME/CFS are not recognized, particularly those with recent onset. […] Earlier diagnosis of ME/CFS by clinicians might facilitate improvement in outcomes and prevention of disease progression for this group. […] The results suggest that underdiagnosis of ME/CFS is common despite high levels of care utilization in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated healthcare system. Several strategies could be implemented to attempt to address underdiagnosis, including continued syndromic surveillance, web-based training for providers and patients, and public health detailing. Improved ascertainment of ME/CFS by the medical system is critical for patient care and well-being and has the potential to decrease patient morbidity from ME/CFS through earlier recognition and intervention.

• #116 Clinical features and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Clinical features and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome […] Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), previously known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is a chronic, often debilitating illness, characterized by severe fatigue and other symptoms. […] In persons with ME/CFS, multiple underlying abnormalities involving the central and autonomic nervous systems, the immune system, energy metabolism, the cardiovascular system, and the gut microbiome have been described. […] However, there are no diagnostic tests of adequate sensitivity and specificity to confirm the diagnosis and no proven effective treatments. […] The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of ME/CFS are reviewed here. […] There are multiple case definitions for ME/CFS. […] We agree with the widely used case definition put forth by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM; previously the Institute of Medicine [IOM]) that focuses on the most specific features of the disease.

• #117 About the Disease – Solve ME/CFS Initiative

  https://solvecfs.org/me-cfs-long-covid/about-the-disease/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic, complex, neuroimmune disease that profoundly limits the health and productivity of patients and, like Long Covid, is often triggered by an infection. […] At this time, the cause of ME/CFS is not fully understood. There is no diagnostic test, cure, nor FDA-approved treatments or drugs for ME/CFS, and patients often suffer for life. […] Studies show that less than 9-16 percent of ME/CFS patients in the United States have been properly diagnosed. Diagnosing ME/CFS is a challenging process because there is still not one diagnostic test or biomarker that’s conclusive. Getting a definitive diagnosis often takes months or even years. […] There is currently no diagnostic test for ME/CFS. This is an important area of research that Solve M.E. is actively supporting.

• #118 IOM 2015 Diagnostic Criteria | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/hcp/diagnosis/iom-2015-diagnostic-criteria-1.html

  In 2015, the Institute of Medicine published diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS in adults and children. The criteria state that three required symptoms and at least one of two additional symptoms are required for diagnosis. […] To be diagnosed with ME/CFS, patients must have at least one of the symptoms below. These are in addition to the three required symptoms above. […] The frequency and severity of these symptoms need to be evaluated. The IOM committee specified, for diagnosis, patients should have symptoms least half of the time with moderate, substantial, or severe intensity. […] Diagnosis of ME/CFS.

• #119 Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs

  The core symptom of ME/CFS is called post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is an increase in symptoms and reduction in function after minimal physical or mental activity. […] There is currently no diagnostic test for ME/CFS, but doctors can diagnose using accepted diagnostic criteria. […] Currently, there is no single test to diagnose ME/CFS. Doctors make a diagnosis by excluding all other illnesses that might be causing symptoms and following accepted diagnostic criteria. […] For a diagnosis of ME/CFS, the person must have the following three symptoms: substantial reduction in functioning and persistent and profound fatigue for at least 6 months, post-exertional malaise, and unrefreshing sleep. […] Diagnosis also requires at least one of the following two symptoms: cognitive impairment or orthostatic intolerance.

• #120 Diagnosing ME/CFS | ME/CFS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/diagnosis/index.html

  There is no test available to specifically screen for ME/CFS. […] Your healthcare provider will start by asking about your symptoms and health history. […] They will also do a physical and mental exam. […] And finally, they will take blood and urine samples from you to rule out other illnesses. […] To better understand whether you may have ME/CFS, your healthcare provider may ask more about your activities and abilities. […] Your healthcare provider might refer you to a specialist to do try to learn more about what’s causing your symptoms. […] These specialists can check for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms similar to ME/CFS. […] You can read more about how healthcare providers diagnose ME/CFS in the 2015 Institute of Medicine report on ME/CFS. […] This report includes the symptoms you must have to be diagnosed with ME/CFS. […] It also includes symptoms that some people with ME/CFS have, while others don’t. […] ME/CFS is a serious, debilitating illness that makes it hard for people to do activities they could previously do without difficulty.

• #121 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/235980-workup

  A proposed approach to diagnosing myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) involves assessing patients presenting with impaired function, fatigue, post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, cognitive impairment, and/or orthostatic intolerance. […] If symptoms persist for six months or longer, ME/CFS is diagnosed, and patients should be periodically re-evaluated and have routine health monitoring. […] The CDC advises conducting an initial evaluation for patients with ME/CFS that includes urinalysis, complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and assessments of phosphorus, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and C-reactive protein. […] Most individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have normal routine laboratory test results despite experiencing significant debilitation.

• #122 The search for a blood-based biomarker for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): from biochemistry to electrophysiology | Journal of Translational Medicine | Full Text

  https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-025-06146-6

  Different biochemical and electrophysiological properties which differentiate ME/CFS have been identified across studies, holding promise as potential blood-based quantitative diagnostic biomarkers for ME/CFS. However, further research is required to determine their specificity to ME/CFS and adoptability for clinical use. […] In the absence of a diagnostic biomarker for ME/CFS, differential diagnosis is performed using clinical guidelines, physical examinations, medical histories, and blood tests to eliminate other conditions which share similar symptom presentation. […] A quantifiable biomarker is urgently required to assist in and accelerate a correct ME/CFS diagnosis. […] Diagnosis is thus a lengthy and costly process often taking years, and it is estimated 84-91% of patients affected by ME/CFS remain undiagnosed.

• #123 Diagnosis – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosis/

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can affect anyone of any age and background. […] While there is currently no diagnostic test for ME/CFS, an accurate diagnosis can be made by a doctor using accepted diagnostic criteria. […] Diagnosis should also involve the exclusion of other possible causes of your symptoms. […] There have been many different diagnostic criteria developed for ME/CFS over several decades. […] However, as most of these do not list post-exertional malaise (PEM) as a core feature of the condition, they are no longer recommended. […] In its 2015 report, NAM noted that an estimated 90% of people living with ME/CFS are undiagnosed. […] The NAM criteria were designed to simplify the diagnostic process, to make it easier for doctors to diagnose ME/CFS when it is present in their patients.

• #124 Diagnosing ME/CFS – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosing-me-cfs/

  Emerge Australia has partnered with North West Melbourne Primary Health Network (NWMPHN) to develop an ME/CFS HealthPathway, to assist clinicians in diagnosing and safely managing ME/CFS. […] Early diagnosis ensures patients receive management that may reduce the risk of their condition deteriorating. It also enables referral for vital support services and provides answers for the patient and their loved ones. […] Patients with long COVID who present with post-exertional malaise (PEM) should have ME/CFS included in the differential diagnosis as the presence of PEM may change activity and exercise advice. […] The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) criteria are recommended for clinical settings by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Emerge Australia, as they were designed for diagnosis in the clinical setting.

• #125 Diagnosis – Emerge Australia

  https://www.emerge.org.au/diagnosis/

  Early diagnosis helps ensure people living with ME/CFS get advice to live within their energy limits and minimise the risk of their condition worsening. […] Emerge Australia advocates the use of the US National Academy of Medicine (NAM) criteria for doctors to diagnose ME/CFS. […] These are not the only symptoms that people with ME/CFS experience, nor are they the only common symptoms. They are the minimum symptoms required to meet the diagnosis of ME/CFS using the NAM criteria. […] To exclude other potential causes for your symptoms, your doctor may need to run additional tests or refer you to a specialist. […] Once all other potential causes of your symptoms are eliminated, a clear diagnosis of ME/CFS using the NAM criteria can be made.

• #126 Blood test may detect myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-test-may-detect-myalgic-encephalomyelitis/chronic-fatigue-syndrome

  Researchers developed a blood test that, in a pilot study, accurately identified people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. […] If validated in larger studies, the assay could one day help diagnose the disease and enable researchers to test potential treatments. […] There are currently no diagnostic tests for ME/CFS. […] In addition to allowing an accurate diagnosis, this assay could be used to test how effective drugs are for treating the disease. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings and ensure the assay is specific for ME/CFS before it could be used in the clinic.

• #127 First ever diagnostic test for chronic fatigue syndrome sparks hope – Advanced Science News

  https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/first-ever-diagnostic-test-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-sparks-hope/

  An innovative blood test designed to identify chronic fatigue syndrome, and potentially applicable to long COVID and Lyme disease, boasts 91% accuracy. […] Formally known as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), this condition is generally characterized by persistent and unexplained fatigue though it also presents a myriad of symptoms that can vary between patients and fluctuates over time. […] One of the greatest challenges is the fact that no definitive diagnostic tests or treatment options exist. […] But now, there is hope that this could one day change with news of a new diagnostic test that can, for the first time, accurately identify hallmarks of chronic fatigue syndrome in blood cells. […] In the absence of a precise diagnostic test, many people with chronic fatigue syndrome are forced to rely on subjective assessments and the process of elimination in order to receive a diagnosis or in some cases, they dont receive a clear diagnosis at all.

• #128 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Is a Legitimate Disease That Needs Proper Diagnosis and Treatment, Says IOM Report Identifies Five Symptoms to Diagnose Disease | National Academies

  https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2015/02/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-is-a-legitimate-disease-that-needs-proper-diagnosis-and-treatment-says-iom-report-identifies-five-symptoms-to-diagnose-disease

  Individuals who meet the proposed criteria, whether or not they have already been diagnosed with ME/CFS, should be diagnosed with SEID, the committee said. […] In addition, research on ME/CFS is urgently needed, especially given the number of people affected, because too little is known about the causes, development, and progression of the disease, or about effective treatment. […] The diagnostic criteria offered in this report are intended to promote prompt diagnosis for patients and enhance treatment, as well as improve public understanding of the disease.

• #129 Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318508v1.full-text

  Prior studies have suggested that most ME/CFS patients are undiagnosed, and the number of people with undiagnosed ME/CFS may have recently increased given ME/CFS is a possible outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] These findings suggest that many people with ME/CFS are not recognized, particularly those with recent onset. […] Earlier diagnosis of ME/CFS by clinicians might facilitate improvement in outcomes and prevention of disease progression for this group. […] The results suggest that underdiagnosis of ME/CFS is common despite high levels of care utilization in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated healthcare system. Several strategies could be implemented to attempt to address underdiagnosis, including continued syndromic surveillance, web-based training for providers and patients, and public health detailing. Improved ascertainment of ME/CFS by the medical system is critical for patient care and well-being and has the potential to decrease patient morbidity from ME/CFS through earlier recognition and intervention.

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