Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mesenteric Lymphadenitis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181162-overview

  The true incidence of this disease is not known, because it can be easily missed or mistaken for other diagnoses. The condition is generally thought to be common. Up to 20% of patients undergoing appendectomy have been found to have nonspecific mesenteric adenitis. […] Frequency is similar to that of the United States. Yersinia enterocolitica infection has a geographic variation. This infection is most common in the temperate countries of Europe, North America, and Australia; it has been particularly noted in Eastern Europe. […] The condition affects males and females equally. Yersinia infection is more common in boys than in girls. […] Mesenteric lymphadenitis can occur in adults but is more common in children and adolescents younger than 15 years, and this condition during childhood or adolescence is linked to a significantly reduced risk of ulcerative colitis in adulthood.

• #2 Mesenteric Adenitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK560822/

  The prevalence of mesenteric adenitis is largely unknown due to its self-resolving nature and rarity. However, there is a case series study in which 70 children were diagnosed with acute appendicitis clinically, but 16% of these had a final diagnosis of mesenteric adenitis later via surgery, imaging, or clinical course.[2] […] Achieving the correct diagnosis in these patients is vitally important and can help avoid unnecessary surgery. It is important to take a detailed history and physical exam and be vigilant when evaluating for possible appendicitis and confirm on diagnostic imaging whether or not the appendix is well visualized and if it appears abnormal. An incorrect diagnosis can lead to unnecessary invasive interventions to the patients with subsequent morbidities.

• #3 Mesenteric Adenitis – TeachMePaediatrics

  https://teachmepaediatrics.com/gastroenterology/lower-gi/mesenteric-adenitis/

  Due to the self-resolving nature of the condition, epidemiology of mesenteric adenitis is unknown. […] Mesenteric adenitis is a self-limiting condition therefore treatment is supportive in nature.

• #4

  https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/46716

  Evidence on ML is extremely limited, making it difficult to identify the epidemiological pattern and other defining characteristics of the disease. […] The peak incidence appears to be between 5 and 8 years old. […] Due to the rarity of mesenteric lymphadenitis, its self-limiting nature, and the scarcity of publications dedicated exclusively to the topic, it is still challenging to precisely delineate the clinical and laboratory patterns that define this condition.

• #5 What Is Mesenteric Lymphadenitis? – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/what-is-mesenteric-lymphadenitis/

  Mesenteric lymphadenitis is a rare condition. Since many cases resolve on their own and don’t require treatment, it is impossible to determine the exact frequency of incidence. […] Mesenteric lymphadenitis is likely more common in children and young adults. It is distinctly uncommon after the age of 20 years.

• #6 Mesenteric Adenitis – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/digestive-health/mesenteric-adenitis

  Mesenteric adenitis most commonly occurs in children and adolescents in the United States. […] Risk factors for mesenteric adenitis include: Childhood, Male gender. […] Appendicitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and subsequent risk of ulcerative colitis: cohort studies in Sweden and Denmark.

• #7 Mesenteric Adenitis | Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14127/all/Mesenteric_Adenitis

  Mesenteric adenitis is defined as inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes. The inflamed nodes are usually clustered in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) small bowel mesentery or are located ventral to the psoas muscle. […] Age related, most common in patients 15 years of age. Affects males and females equally. History of recent sore throat or upper respiratory tract infection found in 20-30% of subjects. Most common cause of acute abdominal pain in young adults and children. Self-limiting condition. Most common cause of inflammatory adenopathy (more common than tuberculosis). Mesenteric adenitis in childhood is related to a decreased risk of ulcerative colitis in adulthood.

• #8 Mesenteric adenitis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mesenteric-adenitis?lang=us

  Mesenteric adenitis is most common in children and adolescents although it may occasionally affect adults. […] Yersinia enterocolitica is considered the most common pathogen in temperate Europe, North America and Australia. […] Mesenteric adenitis has a number of causes: variety of viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus and probably COVID-19. […] In most cases, mesenteric adenitis is self-limiting and typically abates over the course of a few weeks. […] Occasionally, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes may result in vascular compromise leading to ischemic colitis.

• #9 Mesenteric adenitis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mesenteric-lymphadenitis?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252f%2540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%252fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.icofavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Mesenteric adenitis is most common in children and adolescents although it may occasionally affect adults. […] Yersinia enterocolitica is considered the most common pathogen in temperate Europe, North America and Australia. […] Mesenteric adenitis has a number of causes: variety of viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus and probably COVID-19. […] In most cases, mesenteric adenitis is self-limiting and typically abates over the course of a few weeks. […] Occasionally, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes may result in vascular compromise leading to ischaemic colitis.

• #10 Mesenteric adenitis – symptoms, treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mesenteric-adenitis

  Mesenteric adenitis is usually caused by a viral infection, but sometimes it’s caused by a bacterial infection or your health team may not know the cause. […] Mesenteric adenitis is a common cause of tummy pain in children under 16 years old. It can also happen to young adults. […] It is also known as mesenteric lymphadenitis. […] Mesenteric adenitis is most often caused by a virus. […] It can also be caused by bacterial infections such as yersinia. […] Mesenteric adenitis usually gets better on its own and doesn’t cause any complications.

• #11 Mesenteric Adenitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/mesenteric-adenitis

  Mesenteric adenitis is a fairly common cause of tummy pain in children aged under 16 years. It is much less common in adults. […] The most common cause of mesenteric lymphadenitis is a viral infection, such as gastroenteritis. […] Mesenteric adenitis is a fairly common cause of tummy (abdominal) pain in children aged under 16 years. It is much less common in adults. […] There is no specific test that proves a definite diagnosis of mesenteric adenitis. However, some tests may help in diagnosing other conditions which could be causing the pain. […] The symptoms of mesenteric adenitis usually improve within a few days, and will almost always clear up completely within about two weeks. Rarely, if infection with a germ (bacterium) is the cause, the condition can become serious if left untreated.

• #12 Mesenteric adenitis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317261

  Mesenteric lymphadenitis, also known as mesenteric adenitis, is an inflammation of the lymph nodes in the mesentery. It may be the result of a bacterial infection or conditions, such as IBD. […] Mesenteric adenitis usually results from a viral or bacterial infection. […] In North America, the bacteria most likely to cause mesenteric adenitis is Yersinia enterocolitia. […] Studies suggest that those who experience mesenteric adenitis during childhood or adolescence have a lower risk of ulcerative colitis in later life.

• #13 Briefs: Mesenteric Lymphadenitis – A cause of pain or an excuse? – PEMBlog

  https://pemcincinnati.com/blog/briefs-mesenteric-lymphadenitis-cause-pain-excuse/

  With the negative ultrasound you have ruled out appendicitis. […] It is thought that mesenteric LAN is more common in children and adolescents overall, and can be precipitated by a number of causes including gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease and appendicitis. […] Interestingly Frisch et al, in a large Swedish cohort study found that the presence of mesenteric LAN in childhood was associated with a significantly decreased risk of ulcerative colitis later in life.

• #14 Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis revealing systemic lupus erythematosus

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/6920/692072538016/html/

  Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis (AML) remains unusual during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and only a few sporadic observations have been found in the medical literature. […] Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis (AML) remains a rare and unusual manifestation during SLE; forms revealing the disease are exceptional. […] SLE is also an exceptional and unusual etiology of acute mesenteric lymphadenitis; indeed only one case in the series of Macari M et al, of 60 patients with AML had SLE as underlying cause (1.6%). […] As in our case, AML may exceptionally be the first manifestation revealing SLE. […] It therefore represents a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians (specific lupus manifestation or infectious complication?). […] Lupus mesenteric lymphadenitis can be isolated or associated with other lupus manifestations such as: ascites, peritonitis, peritoneal panniculitis, and pancreatitis. […] SLE-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis usually has a good prognosis and responds quickly to systemic corticosteroid therapy. […] It thus seems useful to screen for SLE in front of any AML that does not prove itself, in particular in young women.

• #15

  https://journals.lww.com/jmsc/fulltext/2023/25010/relevance_of_mesenteric_lymphadenopathy_in.17.aspx

  Mesenteric lymphadenitis reflects the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) response to an underlying infection of uncertain etiology, usually viral. […] This study was conducted to determine the significance of mesenteric lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic children as compared to those with symptoms of acute abdominal pain or chronic abdominal pain (CAP). […] The incidence of significant mesenteric lymphadenopathy in the CAP group was even less than in the control group. […] This indicates that MLNs on ultrasonography have no significant association with the clinical presentation in children. […] The consensus regarding the radiological and laboratory parameters which may be consistent with acute mesenteric lymphadenopathy in the literature is still lacking. […] It is also proposed to revise and lay down the cutoff limit for determining upon enlargement of mesenteric nodes as significant to 8 mm measured in short axis, to cut down upon the false-positive cases. […] Reporting of enlarged mesenteric nodes on sonography needs to be viewed holistically in addition to rest of the findings on a case-to-case basis.

• #16 Relationship Between Mesenteric Lymphadenitis and SIRS – Advanced Radiology and Imaging

  https://advradiology.org/articles/relationship-between-mesenteric-lymphadenitis-and-sirs/doi/AdvRadiolImaging.galenos.2024.35220

  Objectives: Mesenteric lymphadenitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lymph nodes in the mesentery. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a clinical response to a non-specific insult, which can be caused by various factors such as infection, trauma, burns, or other severe bodily stresses. The study aims to investigate the relationship between mesenteric lymphadenitis and SIRS, hospitalization, and treatment. […] In our study, 12 patients (20.7%) fulfilled SIRS criteria. The most frequently met SIRS criteria in these mesenteric lymphadenitis patients were fever (n=5), white cell count (n=14), heart rate (n=4) and respiratory rate (n=3). In our study, the hospitalisation rate tended to be higher in the SIRS group (4/12 patients) compared to the non-SIRS group (1/46 patients).

• #17 Relationship Between Mesenteric Lymphadenitis and SIRS – Advanced Radiology and Imaging

  https://advradiology.org/articles/relationship-between-mesenteric-lymphadenitis-and-sirs/doi/AdvRadiolImaging.galenos.2024.35220

  The rate of SIRS (+) was lower in patients diagnosed with mesenteric lymphadenitis. The group with SIRS (+) was more likely to accompany additional radiological comorbidity and hospitalization rates. […] While it is important to consider the potential relationship between mesenteric lymphadenitis and SIRS, it is also crucial to acknowledge that not all cases of mesenteric lymphadenitis lead to SIRS. […] The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mesenteric lymphadenitis and SIRS. […] In our study, 58 individuals with mesenteric lymphadenitis (27 men and 31 women) were included in the research. Twenty-seven percent of the individuals in our study met the SIRS requirements. In these patients with mesenteric lymphadenitis, fever, WCC, HR, and respiration rate were the most common SIRS criteria that were satisfied. The SIRS group in our study had a greater hospitalization rate than the non-SIRS group.

• #18 Relationship Between Mesenteric Lymphadenitis and SIRS – Advanced Radiology and Imaging

  https://advradiology.org/articles/relationship-between-mesenteric-lymphadenitis-and-sirs/doi/AdvRadiolImaging.galenos.2024.35220

  Although mesenteric lymphadenitis and SIRS are primarily distinct conditions, their intersection in clinical scenarios underscores the importance of vigilant assessment and management to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms that underpin their relationship and refine strategies for intervention and management.

• #19 Mesenteric Lymphadenitis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181162-overview

  Frisch et al reviewed Swedish and Danish cohort studies involving 709,353 patients who had undergone appendicectomy and were followed up for subsequent ulcerative colitis to determine the role of appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis in the risk of ulcerative colitis following appendicectomy. The investigators also studied the impact of appendicectomy in 224,483 patients with a family history (parents or siblings) of inflammatory bowel disease and found that regardless of familial predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis during childhood or adolescence is linked to a significantly reduced risk of ulcerative colitis in adulthood.

• #20 Appendicitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and subsequent risk of ulcerative colitis: cohort studies in Sweden and Denmark | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b716

  During 11.1 million years of follow-up in the appendicectomy cohort, 1192 patients developed ulcerative colitis (10.8 per 100000 person years). […] Before the age of 20, however, appendicectomy for appendicitis (0.45, 0.39 to 0.53) or mesenteric lymphadenitis (0.65, 0.46 to 0.90) was associated with significant risk reduction. […] In individuals with or without a familial predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis during childhood or adolescence are linked to a significantly reduced risk of ulcerative colitis in adulthood. Appendicectomy itself does not protect against ulcerative colitis. […] The incidence ratio also varied considerably according to the underlying disease leading to the appendicectomy. About 68% of cohort members who had surgery because of appendicitis had significantly reduced incidence (0.83, 0.77 to 0.89). Likewise, cohort members with a diagnosis of mesenteric lymphadenitis were at reduced risk (0.65, 0.49 to 0.86).

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/ijsshortreports/fulltext/2020/10010/mesenteric_lymphadenopathy_in_covid_19_infection.2.aspx

  Mesenteric lymphadenopathy in an adult with gastrointestinal COVID-19 infection is a very rare. Ultrasonography is helpful in the diagnosis of mesenteric lymphadenopathy in COVID-19 infection. […] Mesenteric lymphadenopathy in an adult with COVID-19 infection is very rare. This may be the only presenting sign in gastrointestinal COVID-19 infection. […] Mesenteric lymphadenopathy may be the only sign of an underlying infectious focus causing abdominal pain, this is considered as an indirect finding in acute abdomen due to the gastrointestinal COVID-19 infection. […] Mesenteric lymphadenopathy in gastrointestinal COVID-19 infection is rare. This Jammu and Kashmir sign may be sole presenting sign in COVID-19 infection.

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