Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pityriasis Versicolor—A Narrative Review on the Diagnosis and Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10608716/

  This narrative review presents a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of pityriasis versicolor (PV), a common superficial fungal infection caused by the yeast Malassezia. […] The diagnosis typically relies on recognising characteristic clinical features. […] In this review, we aim at providing a comprehensive overview on the disease and diagnosis, management, and prophylaxis. […] The diagnosis of PV is often simple. It solely relies on the clinical appearance and hardly ever requires biopsy. However, in clinically ambiguous cases, additional non-invasive work-up (e.g., dermatoscopy, ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy, Woods light examination or direct microscopy) may facilitate the diagnostic process. […] Classical PV rarely requires any work-up other than clinical examination. In challenging, atypical cases, examination through Woods lamp, dermatoscopy, ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy, and direct KOH microscopic examination may be of aid.

• #1 Pityriasis versicolor – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/861

  Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection of the stratum corneum, due to dimorphic yeasts of the genus Malassezia, leading to hypo- or hyperpigmented macular lesions on seborrheic areas of the trunk. […] Primarily a clinical diagnosis that is confirmed by a KOH preparation demonstrating fungal elements with a characteristic spaghetti-and-meatballs appearance indicating the presence of both yeast and short hyphae. […] Key diagnostic factors include adolescent and young adult age, history of living in area of high temperature and humidity, susceptible skin characteristics, positive drug history, lack of pruritus or pain, dyspigmentation, macules or patches, seborrheic distribution, and fine overlying scale. […] Other diagnostic factors include yellow fluorescence under Wood lamp exam. […] 1st tests to order include microscopic exam with potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation. […] Tests to consider include skin biopsy, culture, and Gram stain.

• #1 Tinea Versicolor: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17719-tinea-versicolor

  Healthcare providers can diagnose tinea versicolor with simple skin tests. In one type of test, your healthcare provider scrapes off loose skin cells they believe are infected with tinea versicolor. This skin sample is examined under a microscope for yeast cells. […] Your healthcare provider may also examine your skin using a Wood lamp. This device uses ultraviolet (UV) light to illuminate your skin. Areas of skin where tinea versicolor is present look yellow-green under the UV light.

• #1 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482500/

  Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. […] The diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor is typically clinical. When the diagnosis is uncertain, a Wood’s lamp and microscopic examination of scales soaked in potassium hydroxide may be helpful. […] The diagnosis of tinea versicolor can be made based on its characteristic clinical presentation of hyperpigmented or hypopigmented, finely scaling patches or plaques. […] If the symptoms are unclear diagnostically, dermoscopy and Wood’s lamp examinations may be helpful. A Wood’s lamp examination may help to demonstrate the gold-yellow, yellow-green, or coppery-orange fluorescence of tinea versicolor. […] A microscopic examination of scales soaked in potassium hydroxide (KOH) provides a definitive diagnosis. The classic findings are grape-like clusters of yeast cells and long hyphae.

• #1 Pityriasis Versicolor—A Narrative Review on the Diagnosis and Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10608716/

  Direct microscopic examination is particularly used when the patient presents a typical clinical appearance of PV, but in Woods lamp examination, there is no characteristic fluorescence (e.g., after using shampoos with ketoconazole). […] In the vast majority of PV cases, skin biopsy remains unnecessary and does not play a role in a daily practice other than for ruling out any of the differential diagnosis. […] The device can be of aid in PV, as UV light may be used to determine the extent of M. furfur infection. […] PV is usually diagnosed based on clinical features related to the characteristic appearance and distribution of skin lesions. However, cases with atypical distribution or morphology may pose a diagnostic challenge and require differentiating with various pigmentation disorders. […] Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy (UVFD) is a novel dermatoscopic method utilising UV light.

• #1 Tinea Versicolor Workup: Laboratory Studies, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091575-workup

  The clinical presentation of tinea versicolor is distinctive, and the diagnosis is often made without any laboratory documentation. […] The diagnosis is usually confirmed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination, which demonstrates the characteristic short, cigar-butt hyphae that are present in the diseased state. […] Special media are required for culture. Because the diagnosis is usually clinically suspected and can be confirmed with a KOH preparation, cultures are rarely obtained. […] Although these tests do not suggest an immunologic disorder, they do suggest a reduced body response to the specific fungal elements that produce tinea versicolor. Further assessment is warranted. […] M furfur can be detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) alone, although periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or methenamine silver staining are more confirmatory.

• #1 Pediatric Tinea Versicolor Workup: Laboratory Studies, Other Tests, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/911138-workup

  The diagnosis of tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) is usually made on the basis of clinical examination findings; however, it is easily confirmed with microscopic examination of scales soaked in 10-15% potassium hydroxide (KOH). […] Microscopic examination demonstrates the characteristic thick-walled spherical or oval yeast forms and coarse septate mycelium, often broken up into short filaments. […] A few reports in the literature have found 1% Chicago Sky Blue 6B (CSB) staining with 10% KOH to be a promising contrast diagnostic method for pityriasis versicolor, with a sensitivity of 100% as compared with 60.9% for culture. […] Pityriasis versicolor shows blue-green fluorescence of macular dyschromic lesions if irradiated by ultraviolet light with a wavelength of approximately 365 nm (black light). […] The characteristic histological changes include hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and slight acanthosis with a mild perivascular inflammatory infiltrate in the upper dermis.

• #1 Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1115/p702.html

  KOH preparations are often needed to confirm the diagnosis of tinea infections. […] False-negative KOH preparations often result from inadequate scrapings. […] The sensitivity of the KOH preparation varies widely in different settings, ranging from 12% in a study of 27 Flemish general practitioners to 88% in a Nova Scotia tertiary care center. […] Accurate diagnosis is important, especially for onychomycosis and tinea capitis, because these disorders have many mimics and the treatment is prolonged.

• #1 Pityriasis versicolor. Tinea versicolor

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-versicolor

  Pityriasis versicolor is usually diagnosed clinically. The following tests may be useful. […] Wood lamp (black light) examination yellow-green fluorescence may be observed in affected areas. […] Dermoscopy of pityriasis versicolor pallor, background faint pigment network, and scale. […] Microscopy of a skin scraping (using potassium hydroxide (KOH) to remove skin cells) hyphae and yeast cells that resemble spaghetti and meatballs. […] Fungal culture this is usually reported to be negative, as it is quite difficult to persuade the yeasts to grow in a laboratory. […] Skin biopsy fungal elements may be seen within the outer cells of the skin (stratum corneum) on histopathology. Special stains may be required.

• #1 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/tinea-versicolor-8576648

  Fungal skin culture: If there is any doubt about the cause (or the infection frequently recurs or is resistant to treatment), a scraping of skin can be sent to the lab to grow the fungal spores. The sample can then be submitted for visual and genetic tests to confirm the diagnosis. […] If Malassezia is not found, other tests will be ordered to narrow the possible causes.

• #1 Tinea versicolor – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinea_versicolor

  Tinea versicolor may be diagnosed by a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation and lesions may fluoresce copper-orange when exposed to Wood’s lamp (UV-A light). […] The differential diagnosis for tinea versicolor infection includes: Progressive macular hypomelanosis, Pityriasis alba, Pityriasis rosea, Seborrheic dermatitis, Erythrasma, Vitiligo, Leprosy, Syphilis, Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation.

• #1 Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor/print

  Persistent hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation is not a reliable indicator of treatment failure. Skin discoloration can persist for weeks to a few months after successful treatment. If feasible, active infection should be confirmed with a positive KOH preparation. The presence of the characteristic fine scale of tinea versicolor is a clinical sign that suggests active infection.

• #1 Tinea Versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor/

  A negative KOH exam should elicit a differential diagnosis. […] Diagnosis may be supported by biopsy findings and clinical response of CARP to treatment with minocycline. […] Diagnosis may be confirmed by KOH exam showing long thin branching hyphae, or by culture on Sabourauds medium. […] Follow-up for repeat KOH exam may be useful to determine effectiveness of treatment, but usually is not necessary.

• #1 Pityriasis versicolor

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor/

  Pityriasis versicolor is a common fungal skin infection. A GP can prescribe treatment for it, but it can keep coming back. […] Pityriasis versicolor causes patches of skin to change colour. […] Do not try to diagnose the problem yourself see a GP if you’re worried. […] A GP can prescribe treatment for pityriasis versicolor. […] If pityriasis versicolor covers a large area, or shampoos and creams do not work, a GP may prescribe antifungal tablets. […] It can take a few months for the skin to return to its usual colour after treatment and the patches can come back. […] If they come back, you may need the same treatment again or your GP may suggest long-term treatment such as using antifungal shampoo every few weeks.

• #2 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482500/

  Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. […] The diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor is typically clinical. When the diagnosis is uncertain, a Wood’s lamp and microscopic examination of scales soaked in potassium hydroxide may be helpful. […] The diagnosis of tinea versicolor can be made based on its characteristic clinical presentation of hyperpigmented or hypopigmented, finely scaling patches or plaques. […] If the symptoms are unclear diagnostically, dermoscopy and Wood’s lamp examinations may be helpful. A Wood’s lamp examination may help to demonstrate the gold-yellow, yellow-green, or coppery-orange fluorescence of tinea versicolor. […] A microscopic examination of scales soaked in potassium hydroxide (KOH) provides a definitive diagnosis. The classic findings are grape-like clusters of yeast cells and long hyphae.

• #2 Tinea Versicolor Workup: Laboratory Studies, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091575-workup

  The clinical presentation of tinea versicolor is distinctive, and the diagnosis is often made without any laboratory documentation. […] The diagnosis is usually confirmed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination, which demonstrates the characteristic short, cigar-butt hyphae that are present in the diseased state. […] Special media are required for culture. Because the diagnosis is usually clinically suspected and can be confirmed with a KOH preparation, cultures are rarely obtained. […] Although these tests do not suggest an immunologic disorder, they do suggest a reduced body response to the specific fungal elements that produce tinea versicolor. Further assessment is warranted. […] M furfur can be detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) alone, although periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or methenamine silver staining are more confirmatory.

• #2 Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor

  Tinea versicolor should be considered when a patient presents with multiple coalescing, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules, patches, or thin plaques on the upper trunk, proximal extremities, neck, or face. […] Although the diagnosis may be strongly suspected based upon the physical examination, confirmation of the diagnosis with a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation should be performed when the diagnosis is uncertain. […] The potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation is a simple and reliable way to distinguish tinea versicolor from other conditions. […] A diagnosis of tinea versicolor may be strongly suspected based on the physical examination; however, a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation demonstrating short hyphae and yeast cells is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. […] The appearance of the fungal elements in the KOH preparation is often described as „spaghetti and meatballs.” […] The KOH preparation findings in tinea versicolor are considered diagnostic. The preparation demonstrates both short hyphae and yeast cells in a pattern that is often described as „spaghetti and meatballs.”

• #2 Tinea Versicolor – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/tinea-versicolor

  Diagnosis of tinea versicolor is based on clinical appearance and by identification of hyphae and budding cells (spaghetti and meatballs) on potassium hydroxide wet mount of fine scale scrapings. […] A Wood light examination reveals golden-white fluorescence. […] Try to confirm the diagnosis by finding hyphae and budding cells on potassium hydroxide wet mount of fine scale scrapings.

• #2 Tinea Versicolor: Cause, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tinea-versicolor-cause-symptoms-treatments

  Your doctor can diagnose tinea versicolor by what the rash looks like. […] If they need more information, these tests can help: […] Wood lamp (black light) examination. The doctor uses ultraviolet light, which may make the affected areas appear a fluorescent coppery orange color if they’re the result of tinea versicolor. […] Microscopy using potassium hydroxide (KOH). Your doctor removes cells from your skin, soaks them in potassium hydroxide, and then looks at them under a microscope. […] Skin biopsy. The doctor takes a skin sample by scraping some skin and scales from the affected area to look at under a microscope. In the case of children, the doctor may lift off skin cells by first firmly attaching clear tape to the affected area and then removing it. The sample can then be stuck directly onto a slide to look at with a microscope.

• #2 Diagnosis of Pityriasis Versicolor | Encyclopedia MDPI

  https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/50798

  Wood’s light is an ultraviolet light (UV) emitter (wavelength range: 320–450 nm; peak wavelength: 365 nm). […] The device can be of aid in PV, as UV light may be used to determine the extent of M. furfur infection. […] PV is usually diagnosed based on clinical features related to the characteristic appearance and distribution of skin lesions. […] Non-contact polarised dermatoscopy is a gold standard in inflammoscopy. […] Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy (UVFD) is a novel dermatoscopic method utilising UV light.

• #2 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tinea-versicolor

  A doctor may be able to diagnose tinea versicolor based on the appearance of the skin. […] If the diagnosis is unclear, your doctor may take a skin scraping. A skin scraping removes cells from your skin for testing by scraping the skin gently. Viewing the cells under a microscope can reveal whether they contain the yeast that causes this condition. […] Your doctor may a potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy. In this procedure, your doctor takes a skin sample, places it on a microscope slide soaked with KOH, and looks for yeast or hyphae fungi under a microscope. […] Your doctor might also take a biopsy, or tissue sample, of the affected skin and test for fungi on the outer skin layer. A sample of the fungus on the skin can also be tested in a fungal culture to see if you have the condition.

• #2 Pityriasis versicolor. Tinea versicolor

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-versicolor

  Pityriasis versicolor is usually diagnosed clinically. The following tests may be useful. […] Wood lamp (black light) examination yellow-green fluorescence may be observed in affected areas. […] Dermoscopy of pityriasis versicolor pallor, background faint pigment network, and scale. […] Microscopy of a skin scraping (using potassium hydroxide (KOH) to remove skin cells) hyphae and yeast cells that resemble spaghetti and meatballs. […] Fungal culture this is usually reported to be negative, as it is quite difficult to persuade the yeasts to grow in a laboratory. […] Skin biopsy fungal elements may be seen within the outer cells of the skin (stratum corneum) on histopathology. Special stains may be required.

• #2 Pityriasis Versicolor—A Narrative Review on the Diagnosis and Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/10/2097

  Classical PV rarely requires any work-up other than clinical examination. […] The device can be of aid in PV, as UV light may be used to determine the extent of M. furfur infection. […] PV is usually diagnosed based on clinical features related to the characteristic appearance and distribution of skin lesions. However, cases with atypical distribution or morphology may pose a diagnostic challenge and require differentiating with various pigmentation disorders. Non-contact polarised dermatoscopy is a gold standard in inflammoscopy. […] Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy (UVFD) is a novel dermatoscopic method utilising UV light.

• #2 Diagnosis of Pityriasis Versicolor | Encyclopedia MDPI

  https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/50798

  Pityriasis versicolor (PV), also known as tinea versicolor, is a mild, non-contagious chronic, superficial fungal skin infection caused by lipid-dependent yeast-like fungus Malassezia. […] The diagnosis of PV is often simple. It solely relies on the clinical appearance and hardly ever requires biopsy. However, in clinically ambiguous cases, additional non-invasive work-up (e.g., dermatoscopy, ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy, Wood’s light examination or direct microscopy) may facilitate the diagnostic process. […] Direct microscopic examination is particularly used when the patient presents a typical clinical appearance of PV, but in Wood’s lamp examination, there is no characteristic fluorescence (e.g., after using shampoos with ketoconazole). […] In the vast majority of PV cases, skin biopsy remains unnecessary and does not play a role in a daily practice other than for ruling out any of the differential diagnosis.

• #2 Tinea Versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor/

  History is suggestive when an individual reports an asymptomatic or minimally pruritic eruption that appears and/or recurs on the upper trunk and proximal arms, areas rich in sebaceous glands, in warm weather months. […] The rash consists of generally symmetric individual and confluent hypo- or hyperpigmented (classically fawn-colored) occasionally pink, round, or oval patches or thin plaques; often with superficial fine, grainy scale. […] Potassium hydroxide (KOH) exam usually readily reveals abundant characteristic spores and short curly hyphae, referred to as spaghetti and meatballs or bacon and eggs. […] Woods light exam may be used to highlight extent of disease. […] Biopsy rarely is necessary and shows abundant hyphae and spores in the stratum corneum. […] Likewise, culture generally is not necessary and requires special medium with the addition of olive oil to Sabourauds medium.

• #2 Pityriasis versicolor

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor/

  Pityriasis versicolor is a common fungal skin infection. A GP can prescribe treatment for it, but it can keep coming back. […] Pityriasis versicolor causes patches of skin to change colour. […] Do not try to diagnose the problem yourself see a GP if you’re worried. […] A GP can prescribe treatment for pityriasis versicolor. […] If pityriasis versicolor covers a large area, or shampoos and creams do not work, a GP may prescribe antifungal tablets. […] It can take a few months for the skin to return to its usual colour after treatment and the patches can come back. […] If they come back, you may need the same treatment again or your GP may suggest long-term treatment such as using antifungal shampoo every few weeks.

• #2 Pityriasis versicolor – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/pityriasis-versicolor/

  The diagnosis is usually made by your doctor looking at the rash. A special ultra-violet lamp, known as Woods lamp, can be used to look for yellow fluorescence which is typical of pityriasis versicolor. Sometimes your doctor may take skin scrapings to confirm the diagnosis. If there is any doubt, very occasionally a skin (punch biopsy) [this is when a small sample of skin is cut out to look at under the microscope] may be considered. […] Yes, the rash clears with treatment although the pale areas will take several months to return to their normal colour. Importantly, this does not mean treatment has failed. The rash often recurs as the yeasts that cause it live on normal skin and cannot be eradicated completely. Pityriasis versicolor does not leave scars.

• #2 Pityriasis versicolor

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor/

  You may still want to see your GP, as it usually only improves with treatment. They can normally diagnose pityriasis versicolor by examining your skin. […] Pityriasis versicolor can be treated with antifungal medicines. These are available as shampoos, creams and tablets. […] Antifungal shampoos are often the first treatment recommended for pityriasis versicolor. […] If only small areas of skin are affected, your GP may prescribe an antifungal cream. […] If a large area of skin is affected or other treatments have not helped, you may be prescribed antifungal tablets. […] Your GP may prescribe antifungal tablets to take a few times a month to stop it coming back. […] They may also refer you to a skin specialist called a dermatologist.

• #2 Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor/print

  Tinea versicolor should be considered when a patient presents with multiple coalescing, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules, patches, or thin plaques on the upper trunk, proximal extremities, neck, or face. […] Although the diagnosis may be strongly suspected based upon the physical examination, confirmation of the diagnosis with a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation should be performed when the diagnosis is uncertain. […] The potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation is a simple and reliable way to distinguish tinea versicolor from other conditions. […] A full skin examination should be performed. Performance of a full skin examination allows for the recognition of the degree of skin involvement as well as clinical findings that are inconsistent with tinea versicolor. […] The KOH preparation findings in tinea versicolor are considered diagnostic. The preparation demonstrates both short hyphae and yeast cells in a pattern that is often described as „spaghetti and meatballs”.

• #3 Pityriasis versicolor – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/861

  Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection of the stratum corneum, due to dimorphic yeasts of the genus Malassezia, leading to hypo- or hyperpigmented macular lesions on seborrheic areas of the trunk. […] Primarily a clinical diagnosis that is confirmed by a KOH preparation demonstrating fungal elements with a characteristic spaghetti-and-meatballs appearance indicating the presence of both yeast and short hyphae. […] Key diagnostic factors include adolescent and young adult age, history of living in area of high temperature and humidity, susceptible skin characteristics, positive drug history, lack of pruritus or pain, dyspigmentation, macules or patches, seborrheic distribution, and fine overlying scale. […] Other diagnostic factors include yellow fluorescence under Wood lamp exam. […] 1st tests to order include microscopic exam with potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation. […] Tests to consider include skin biopsy, culture, and Gram stain.

• #3 Tinea Versicolor – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/tinea-versicolor

  Diagnosis of tinea versicolor is based on clinical appearance and by identification of hyphae and budding cells (spaghetti and meatballs) on potassium hydroxide wet mount of fine scale scrapings. […] A Wood light examination reveals golden-white fluorescence. […] Try to confirm the diagnosis by finding hyphae and budding cells on potassium hydroxide wet mount of fine scale scrapings.

• #3 Diagnosis of Pityriasis Versicolor | Encyclopedia MDPI

  https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/50798

  Wood’s light is an ultraviolet light (UV) emitter (wavelength range: 320–450 nm; peak wavelength: 365 nm). […] The device can be of aid in PV, as UV light may be used to determine the extent of M. furfur infection. […] PV is usually diagnosed based on clinical features related to the characteristic appearance and distribution of skin lesions. […] Non-contact polarised dermatoscopy is a gold standard in inflammoscopy. […] Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy (UVFD) is a novel dermatoscopic method utilising UV light.

• #3 Fungal skin infections. Pityriasis versicolor

  https://dermnetnz.org/cme/fungal-infections/pityriasis-versicolor

  Pityriasis versicolor presents as asymptomatic flaky patches on the trunk, neck, and/or arms, which persist for months or years. […] The diagnosis of malassezia infections is generally confirmed by skin scrapings but malassezia may also be identified in apparently normal skin. Microscopy of potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations from pityriasis versicolor shows clusters of yeast cells and long hyphae. […] Pityriasis versicolor fluoresces blue-green on examination using a Wood lamp (long wavelength UVA1). […] Available treatments for pityriasis versicolor include topical agents applied for about 2 weeks. […] Patients with extensive or persistent pityriasis versicolor may be prescribed ketoconazole tablets or itraconazole capsules, 200mg daily for 7-10 days and prophylactically once each month.

• #3 Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor/print

  Tinea versicolor should be considered when a patient presents with multiple coalescing, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules, patches, or thin plaques on the upper trunk, proximal extremities, neck, or face. […] Although the diagnosis may be strongly suspected based upon the physical examination, confirmation of the diagnosis with a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation should be performed when the diagnosis is uncertain. […] The potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation is a simple and reliable way to distinguish tinea versicolor from other conditions. […] A full skin examination should be performed. Performance of a full skin examination allows for the recognition of the degree of skin involvement as well as clinical findings that are inconsistent with tinea versicolor. […] The KOH preparation findings in tinea versicolor are considered diagnostic. The preparation demonstrates both short hyphae and yeast cells in a pattern that is often described as „spaghetti and meatballs”.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12281-016-0261-6

  Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is caused by the fungus Malassezia, especially by Malassezia globosa. […] The diagnosis of PV is usually made clinically with the aid of Woods light or dermoscopy. Direct microscopic examination, culture, biopsy, and molecular studies are among the laboratory diagnostic methods. […] Dermoscopy as an ancillary tool for the diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor. […] Highlights the importance of correct sampling for direct examination.

• #3 Pityriasis Versicolor: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/pityriasis-versicolor-pro

  Investigations are not usually necessary, as the diagnosis is often made clinically. […] They may be necessary if the condition is not responding to treatment or if the diagnosis is unclear. Where required, skin scrapings can be sent for microscopy. The spores and hyphae have a 'spaghetti and meatball’ appearance on potassium hydroxide wet-mount examination. Yellow to yellow-green fluorescence may be observed on examination of affected areas with a Wood’s light. There is no benefit of fungal culture, as the organism is part of the normal flora and isolation is therefore not necessarily relevant.

• #3 Diagnosis and treatment – GPnotebook

  https://gpnotebook.com/pages/infectious-disease/pityriasis-versicolor/diagnosis-and-treatment

  Diagnosis is usually clinical (1). […] Scrapings fluoresce bright yellow to coppery orange/gold colour under Wood’s lamp (1,2). […] Samples of skin scale can be used to confirm the diagnosis – these have a 'spaghetti and meatball’ appearance (presence of both hyphae and spores) on potassium hydroxide wet-mount examination. There is no value in fungal culture in this condition because the organism is part of normal flora and isolation does not prove pathogenicity (2,3). […] Infection commonly leads to hypopigmentation of the skin. This hypopigmentation associated with this infection may persist for months after successful treatment (3,1) and a common mistake is to confuse it with a relapse. […] Warn patients that it will take several months for the skin colour to returns to its original state – on occasions the discoloration can be very persistent (4). […] Successful eradication may not be confirmed until further tanning of the skin occurs.

Zobacz więcej