Grzybica różowata
Etiologia i przyczyny

Grzybica różowata (Pityriasis versicolor) to powierzchowna infekcja grzybicza skóry wywołana przez drożdżaki z rodzaju Malassezia, głównie M. globosa, M. furfur oraz M. sympodialis. Drożdżaki te są naturalnym składnikiem flory skóry u ponad 90% zdrowych dorosłych, jednak choroba rozwija się w wyniku przejścia formy drożdżowej w formę mycelialną i nadmiernego namnażania się grzybów, szczególnie w obszarach bogatych w gruczoły łojowe (klatka piersiowa, plecy, szyja). Czynniki ryzyka obejmują ciepły, wilgotny klimat, hiperhidrozę, skórę łojotokową, zaburzenia hormonalne, osłabienie układu odpornościowego oraz predyspozycje genetyczne. Patogeneza zmian pigmentacyjnych wiąże się z produkcją kwasu azelainowego przez Malassezia, który hamuje tyrozynazę i prowadzi do hipopigmentacji, oraz z reakcją zapalną skóry powodującą hiperpigmentację. Choroba ma charakter przewlekły i nawracający, a czynnik etiologiczny pozostaje stałym elementem flory skóry, co utrudnia całkowite wyleczenie.

Etiologia grzybicy różowatej

Grzybica różowata (Pityriasis versicolor) to powszechna, łagodna, powierzchowna infekcja grzybicza skóry. Choroba ta jest wywoływana przez drożdżaki z rodzaju Malassezia, które stanowią część normalnej flory skóry. Przeważnie za rozwój grzybicy różowatej odpowiedzialne są gatunki Malassezia globosa, Malassezia furfur oraz Malassezia sympodialis, przy czym M. globosa jest gatunkiem najczęściej występującym.123

Należy podkreślić, że drożdżaki Malassezia są normalnym składnikiem flory skóry i występują u ponad 90% zdrowych dorosłych osób bez wywoływania jakichkolwiek objawów chorobowych. Choroba rozwija się dopiero wtedy, gdy drożdżaki przekształcają się z formy drożdżowej w formę mycelialną (strzępkową).45 W sumie zidentyfikowano 14-19 gatunków Malassezia, które mogą kolonizować skórę człowieka, jednak to właśnie M. globosa jest uważana za główny czynnik etiologiczny grzybicy różowatej.67

Mikrobiologiczne aspekty Malassezia

Grzyby z rodzaju Malassezia to dimorficzne, lipofilne organizmy, wcześniej znane jako Pityrosporum. Są to drożdżaki wymagające do wzrostu kwasów tłuszczowych o długości łańcucha C12 lub C14. Malassezia furfur nie jest dermatofitem, nie rośnie na podłożu testowym dla dermatofitów (DTM) i nie reaguje na terapię gryzeofulwiną.89

Badania epidemiologiczne wskazują, że M. globosa występuje u 97% pacjentów z grzybicą różowatą – samodzielnie w 60% przypadków, w połączeniu z M. sympodialis w 29% przypadków oraz z M. slooffiae w 7% przypadków. Dlatego niektórzy autorzy sugerują, że to właśnie M. globosa w swojej fazie mycelialnej jest głównym czynnikiem wywołującym grzybicę różowatą.10

Mechanizm rozwoju choroby

Grzybica różowata powstaje, gdy drożdżaki Malassezia nadmiernie namnażają się na powierzchni skóry. W warunkach normalnych grzyby te są składnikiem flory fizjologicznej, ale pod wpływem różnych czynników dochodzi do ich nadmiernego wzrostu i przekształcenia w formę patogenną.1112

Grzyby te odżywiają się lipidami skóry, dlatego najczęściej zajmują miejsca o dużej ilości gruczołów łojowych, jak klatka piersiowa, plecy i szyja. Nadmierny wzrost Malassezia prowadzi do zakłócenia normalnej produkcji pigmentu w skórze, co skutkuje charakterystycznymi zmianami w pigmentacji.1314

Dokładny mechanizm powstawania zmian hipopigmentacyjnych nie jest do końca poznany, ale przypuszcza się, że kwas azelainowy wytwarzany przez Malassezia działa hamująco na melanocyty, powodując rozjaśnienie skóry. Z kolei różowy typ grzybicy różowatej wiąże się z łagodnym stanem zapalnym wywołanym przez drożdżaki lub ich metabolity.151617

Czynniki predysponujące do rozwoju grzybicy różowatej

Chociaż dokładna przyczyna, dla której drożdżaki Malassezia zaczynają nadmiernie namnażać się u niektórych osób, a u innych nie, pozostaje niewyjaśniona, zidentyfikowano kilka istotnych czynników ryzyka wpływających na rozwój grzybicy różowatej.1819

Czynniki środowiskowe

  • Ciepły, wilgotny klimatgrzybica różowata występuje częściej w klimacie tropikalnym i subtropikalnym, gdzie panuje wysoka temperatura i wilgotność powietrza. Zakażenie może być bardziej powszechne w okresie letnim nawet w krajach o klimacie umiarkowanym.2021
  • Nadmierna potliwość (hiperhidroza) – zwiększone pocenie się sprzyja rozwojowi drożdżaków Malassezia, tworząc odpowiednie środowisko do ich wzrostu.2223
  • Używanie okluzyjnych kremów, opatrunków lub ubrań – środki, które nie pozwalają skórze oddychać, mogą sprzyjać namnażaniu się drożdżaków.2425

Czynniki indywidualne

  • Skóra łojotokowa – nadmierna produkcja sebum (łoju) tworzy środowisko sprzyjające wzrostowi drożdżaków Malassezia, które odżywiają się lipidami skóry.262728
  • Zmiany hormonalne – wahania poziomu hormonów, zwłaszcza w okresie dojrzewania, ciąży lub podczas przyjmowania doustnych środków antykoncepcyjnych, mogą przyczyniać się do rozwoju grzybicy różowatej.2930
  • Wiek – choroba częściej występuje u nastolatków i młodych dorosłych, co wiąże się ze zwiększoną produkcją sebum w tym okresie życia.3132

Czynniki immunologiczne

  • Osłabiony układ odpornościowy – osoby z obniżoną odpornością, np. w wyniku choroby (HIV, cukrzyca), stosowania leków immunosupresyjnych lub kortykosteroidów, są bardziej narażone na rozwój grzybicy różowatej.3334
  • Zaburzenia odpowiedzi limfocytów – badania wykazały, że u pacjentów z grzybicą różowatą funkcja limfocytów po stymulacji antygenami M. furfur jest zaburzona, mimo obecności uczulenia na te antygeny w populacji ogólnej.35

Czynniki genetyczne

  • Predyspozycja rodzinna – wykazano, że grzybica różowata może mieć tendencję do występowania rodzinnego. Badania wykazały, że około 21% pacjentów z grzybicą różowatą zgłasza pozytywny wywiad rodzinny.3637
  • Mutacje genetyczne – zidentyfikowano kilka mutacji genetycznych związanych z grzybicą różowatą, co sugeruje genetyczne podłoże podatności na tę chorobę.38

Inne czynniki ryzyka

  • Niedożywienie – stan niedożywienia może osłabiać układ odpornościowy i zwiększać podatność na zakażenia grzybicze.3940
  • Zespół Cushinga – pacjenci z tą endokrynopatią są bardziej narażeni na rozwój grzybicy różowatej.4142
  • Zakażenie Helicobacter pylori – niektóre badania sugerują możliwy związek między zakażeniem H. pylori a grzybicą różowatą, chociaż nie zostało to potwierdzone w większych badaniach.43

Mechanizmy powstawania zmian barwnikowych

Termin „versicolor” (różnobarwny) został ukuty dla opisania zmian w pigmentacji skóry charakterystycznych dla tej choroby. Grzybica różowata może prowadzić do hipopigmentacji (odbarwienia) lub hiperpigmentacji (przebarwienia) skóry.44

Mechanizm hipopigmentacji

Hipopigmentacja (jaśniejsze plamy) w grzybicy różowatej jest najprawdopodobniej spowodowana działaniem kwasu azelainowego wytwarzanego przez Malassezia. Ten dikarboksylowy kwas hamuje działanie tyrozynazy – kluczowego enzymu w procesie syntezy melaniny, co prowadzi do zmniejszenia produkcji pigmentu przez melanocyty.4546

Hipopigmentowane obszary są szczególnie widoczne latem, ponieważ nie opalają się normalnie w odpowiedzi na ekspozycję na słońce. Zmniejszona produkcja melaniny sprawia, że zmiany chorobowe pozostają jasne, podczas gdy otaczająca skóra ciemnieje pod wpływem promieniowania słonecznego.4748

Mechanizm hiperpigmentacji

Hiperpigmentacja (ciemniejsze plamy) oraz zmiany rumieniowe w grzybicy różowatej są prawdopodobnie związane z odpowiedzią zapalną na drożdżaki lub ich metabolity. Reakcja zapalna skóry może prowadzić do zwiększonej produkcji melaniny i w konsekwencji do powstania ciemniejszych plam.4950

Patogeneza hiperpigmentacji w grzybicy różowatej nie została jeszcze w pełni wyjaśniona, ale może być związana z procesem peroksydacji lipidów wytwarzanych przez Pityrosporum, który mógłby być odpowiedzialny za hiperpigmentowany wygląd zmienionej skóry.51

Unikalność etiologiczna grzybicy różowatej

Grzybica różowata ma kilka unikalnych cech etiologicznych, które odróżniają ją od innych zakażeń grzybiczych:52

  • Brak związku z higieną – grzybica różowata nie jest związana z niedostateczną higieną osobistą. Malassezia jest naturalnym składnikiem flory skóry i może namnażać się nawet przy zachowaniu prawidłowej higieny.5354
  • Brak zakaźności – choroba nie jest zaraźliwa i nie przenosi się z człowieka na człowieka, ponieważ drożdżaki Malassezia występują naturalnie na skórze większości osób.5556
  • Tendencja do nawrotów – grzybica różowata ma przewlekły, nawracający charakter. Nawet po skutecznym leczeniu choroba może powrócić, ponieważ czynnik etiologiczny jest stałym elementem flory skóry.5758
  • Specyficzne wymagania metaboliczne – drożdżaki Malassezia są lipofilne, co oznacza, że do wzrostu wymagają lipidów. Z tego powodu zakażenie występuje najczęściej w obszarach bogatych w gruczoły łojowe.5960

Potencjalne szlaki metaboliczne i mechanizmy patogenne

Badania nad mechanizmami patogennymi grzybicy różowatej wskazują na kilka możliwych szlaków metabolicznych zaangażowanych w rozwój choroby:61

  • Szlak metaboliczny zależny od tryptofanu – jedna z teorii sugeruje, że w patogenezie grzybicy różowatej istotną rolę odgrywa szlak metaboliczny zależny od tryptofanu. Metabolizm tego aminokwasu przez drożdżaki Malassezia może przyczyniać się do rozwoju zmian chorobowych.6263
  • Produkcja kwasu azelainowego – Malassezia wytwarza kwas azelainowy, który hamuje działanie tyrozynazy, kluczowego enzymu w syntezie melaniny. To prowadzi do rozwoju hipopigmentacji charakterystycznej dla grzybicy różowatej.6465
  • Lipoperoksydacja – proces lipoperoksydacji wytwarzany przez Pityrosporum może odgrywać rolę w patogenezie zmian skórnych w grzybicy różowatej.66
  • Kolonizacja w okresie dojrzewania – kolonizacja skóry przez Malassezia wzrasta znacząco w okresie dojrzewania, gdy gruczoły łojowe stają się aktywne, a stężenie lipidów na skórze zwiększa się.67

Podsumowanie etiologii grzybicy różowatej

Grzybica różowata (Pityriasis versicolor) jest powierzchownym zakażeniem grzybiczym skóry, wywoływanym przez drożdżaki z rodzaju Malassezia, głównie M. globosa, M. furfur i M. sympodialis. Grzyby te są naturalnym składnikiem flory skóry, ale w sprzyjających warunkach przekształcają się z formy drożdżowej w formę mycelialną i nadmiernie namnażają, prowadząc do rozwoju choroby.6869

Czynniki sprzyjające rozwojowi grzybicy różowatej to ciepły i wilgotny klimat, nadmierna potliwość, skóra łojotokowa, stosowanie tłustych kosmetyków, zaburzenia hormonalne, osłabiony układ odpornościowy oraz predyspozycje genetyczne. Choroba nie jest związana z niedostateczną higieną osobistą i nie jest zaraźliwa.7071

Charakterystyczne zmiany w pigmentacji skóry w grzybicy różowatej wynikają z działania metabolitów grzybów (szczególnie kwasu azelainowego) na melanocyty oraz z reakcji zapalnej skóry na obecność drożdżaków. Choroba ma tendencję do nawrotów, ponieważ czynnik etiologiczny pozostaje stałym składnikiem flory skóry, nawet po skutecznym leczeniu.727374

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  1. 10.04.2026
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Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. The causative organism, yeast from the genus Malassezia, is part of the normal skin flora. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia, a dimorphic lipophilic fungus previously known as Pityrosporum. Malassezia is a component of the normal skin flora. Clinical disease develops when Malassezia transforms from yeast into its mycelial form. Researchers have identified 14 species of Malassezia to date. The primary species responsible for tinea versicolor are Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis, with M. globosa being the most prevalent. […] Poor hygiene is not a causative factor. Environmental factors like heat and humidity, pregnancy, oily skin, and applying oily lotions and creams increase the risk of tinea versicolor. Genetic predisposition and a hereditary component may play a role. A survey found that 21% of patients with tinea versicolor reported a positive family history. Immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of developing tinea versicolor, suggesting that an altered immune response in the host may play a role in the condition’s etiology. Malnutrition and the use of oral contraceptives may also act as risk factors.
  • #2 Pediatric Tinea Versicolor: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/911138-overview
    A study of the epidemiology of Malassezia yeasts associated with pityriasis (tinea) versicolor in Canada found that the most frequently isolated species were M sympodialis, M globosa, and M furfur. […] One study found M globosa in 97% of patients with tinea versicolor; it was found alone in 60% of cases, was associated with M sympodialis in 29% of cases, and was associated with M slooffiae in 7% of cases. […] Accordingly, some authors have suggested that M globosa in its mycelial phase is the causative agent of tinea versicolor.
  • #3 Pityriasis Versicolor: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor
    https://patient.info/doctor/pityriasis-versicolor-pro
    Pityriasis versicolor is a common skin complaint in which mildly scaly, discoloured patches appear mainly on the chest and back. […] It is caused by the proliferation of the lipophilic fungus of the genus Malassezia (formerly known as Pityrosporum) which is part of the normal flora of human skin. […] Pathogenic forms may be triggered by various factors, including humidity and high temperature, hyperhidrosis, familial susceptibility, and immunosuppression. […] The most common Malassezia species associated with pityriasis versicolor is M. globosa, with M. sympodialis and M. furfur also frequently seen.
  • #4 Tinea Versicolor: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091575-overview
    Tinea versicolor is caused by the dimorphic, lipophilic organisms in the genus Malassezia, formerly known as Pityrosporum. Fourteen species are recognized within this classification of yeasts, of which Malassezia globosa, Malassezia sympodialis, and Malassezia furfur are the predominant species isolated in tinea versicolor. […] Most cases of tinea versicolor occur in healthy individuals with no immunologic deficiencies. Nevertheless, several factors predispose some people to develop this condition. These factors include genetic predisposition; warm, humid environments; immunosuppression; malnutrition; application of oily preparations; corticosteroid usage; and Cushing disease. […] The reason why this organism causes tinea versicolor in some individuals while remains as normal flora in others is not entirely known. Several factors, such as the organism’s nutritional requirements and the host’s immune response to the organism, are significant.
  • #5 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. The causative organism, yeast from the genus Malassezia, is part of the normal skin flora. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia, a dimorphic lipophilic fungus previously known as Pityrosporum. Malassezia is a component of the normal skin flora. Clinical disease develops when Malassezia transforms from yeast into its mycelial form. Researchers have identified 14 species of Malassezia to date. The primary species responsible for tinea versicolor are Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis, with M. globosa being the most prevalent. […] Poor hygiene is not a causative factor. Environmental factors like heat and humidity, pregnancy, oily skin, and applying oily lotions and creams increase the risk of tinea versicolor. Genetic predisposition and a hereditary component may play a role. A survey found that 21% of patients with tinea versicolor reported a positive family history. Immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of developing tinea versicolor, suggesting that an altered immune response in the host may play a role in the condition’s etiology. Malnutrition and the use of oral contraceptives may also act as risk factors.
  • #6 Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor (ie, pityriasis versicolor) is a common superficial fungal infection that typically presents with hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules on the trunk and proximal upper extremities. […] The causative organisms are in the genus Malassezia (formerly known as Pityrosporum). […] The causative organisms are saprophytic yeasts in the genus Malassezia (formerly known as Pityrosporum). […] Malassezia globosa appears to be the predominant causal species. […] Transformation of Malassezia from yeast cells to a pathogenic, mycelial form is associated with the development of clinical disease. […] External factors suspected of contributing to the transformation of Malassezia from yeast cells to a pathogenic, mycelial form include exposure to hot and humid weather, hyperhidrosis, and the use of topical skin oils.
  • #7 Pityriasis Versicolor—A Narrative Review on the Diagnosis and Management
    https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/10/2097
    Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a fungal infection caused by lipophilic yeast Malassezia (previously known as Pityrosporum) belonging to the Basidiomycota division and the Malasseziomycetes class. The Malassezia genus, currently comprising 19 species, remains an integral component of the healthy skin microbiome. M. furfur, M. globosa, and M. sympodialis have been the most frequently isolated in PV. On the other hand, M. restricta and M. globosa are by far the most abundant on human skin, whereas the other species occur less frequently. […] It should be noted that, due to numerous changes in the nomenclature of Malassezia and new species constantly added to the genus, it is unclear whether any individual species is responsible for developing PV. Nevertheless, it has been reported that different Malassezia species, with different antifungal susceptibility, may coexist in one individual and be responsible for the variability in therapeutic outcome in clinically similar lesions. […] Sebaceous areas of the human skin, including the scalp, face, chest, and upper back, remain a habitat for the Malassezia genus due to the abundance of a lipid nutrient source.
  • #8 Pediatric Tinea Versicolor: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/911138-overview
    Tinea versicolor (or pityriasis versicolor) is a common superficial cutaneous fungal infection characterized by pityriasiform desquamation and hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macule formation, primarily located on the chest and back with a tendency to spread. […] Tinea versicolor results from an overgrowth of Malassezia, which is part of normal skin flora and produces pigmentation changes when it flourishes beyond normal levels. […] M furfur is a dimorphic lipophilic organism that is cultured only in media enriched with C12-sized or C14-sized fatty acids. […] M furfur is not a dermatophyte, does not grow on dermatophyte test media (DTM), and does not respond to griseofulvin therapy. […] The genus Malassezia was revised to include the following seven species: Malassezia globosa, Malassezia sympodialis, M furfur, Malassezia slooffiae, Malassezia pachydermatis, Malassezia restricta, Malassezia obtusa.
  • #9 Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor
    A genetic predisposition may be involved. […] Tinea versicolor also occurs more commonly in patients who are immunosuppressed, suggesting that an altered host immune response may play a role in the pathogenesis. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by saprophytic, lipid-dependent yeasts in the genus Malassezia, components of normal skin flora. It is not a dermatophyte infection.
  • #10 Pediatric Tinea Versicolor: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/911138-overview
    A study of the epidemiology of Malassezia yeasts associated with pityriasis (tinea) versicolor in Canada found that the most frequently isolated species were M sympodialis, M globosa, and M furfur. […] One study found M globosa in 97% of patients with tinea versicolor; it was found alone in 60% of cases, was associated with M sympodialis in 29% of cases, and was associated with M slooffiae in 7% of cases. […] Accordingly, some authors have suggested that M globosa in its mycelial phase is the causative agent of tinea versicolor.
  • #11 Tinea versicolor – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tinea-versicolor/symptoms-causes/syc-20378385
    Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection of the skin. The fungus interferes with the normal pigmentation of the skin, resulting in small, discolored patches. […] The overgrowth of fungus that causes tinea versicolor interferes with the normal pigment production of the skin. This creates an uneven skin pigment. […] The fungus that causes tinea versicolor can be found on healthy skin. It only starts causing problems when the fungus overgrows. A number of factors may trigger this growth, including: Hot, humid weather, Oily skin, Hormonal changes, Weakened immune system.
  • #12 Tinea Versicolor: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17719-tinea-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection that can cause itchy, dry and discolored skin. […] An overgrowth of yeast on your skin’s surface causes tinea versicolor. This yeast thrives in warm, moist and oily environments, causing it to grow out of control in small colonies. These yeast colonies cause the symptoms of tinea versicolor. […] Some things that can trigger the yeast to grow out of control are hormonal changes, weakened immune system, hot, humid weather, sweating, and oily skin.
  • #13 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/tinea-versicolor-8576648
    Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal infection of the skin caused by yeast of the Malassezia family. […] The majority of cases involve the fungal species Malassezia globosa, while a small proportion is attributed to Malassezia furfur, Malassezia sympodialis, and other minor species. […] However, when the balance is disrupted, Malassezia can overgrow and cause an outbreak of superficial skin lesions. […] Because Malassezia feeds on fats found in skin oils (called sebum), outbreaks tend to occur where there is a high density of sebum-producing sebaceous glands (such as on the face, scalp, and upper body). […] Genetics are thought to play a part as tinea versicolor tends to run in families. Several genetic mutations associated with tinea versicolor have already been identified.
  • #14 Tinea versicolor – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinea_versicolor
    Tinea versicolor (also pityriasis versicolor) is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities. The majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the fungus Malassezia globosa, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases. […] These yeasts are normally found on the human skin and become troublesome only under certain conditions, such as a warm and humid environment, although the exact conditions that cause initiation of the disease process are poorly understood. […] In cases of tinea versicolor caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur, lightening of the skin occurs due to the fungus’s production of azelaic acid, which has a slight bleaching effect. […] This skin disease commonly affects adolescents and young adults, especially in warm and humid climates. The yeast is thought to feed on skin oils (lipids), as well as dead skin cells. Infections are more common in people who have seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and hyperhidrosis.
  • #15 Pityriasis versicolor. Tinea versicolor
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-versicolor
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by mycelial growth of fungi of the genus Malassezia. […] Fourteen different species of malassezia have been identified. The most common species cultured from pityriasis versicolor are M globosa, M restricta and M sympodialis. […] It is not known why they sometimes grow more actively on the skin surface to form pityriasis versicolor. One theory implicates a tryptophan-dependent metabolic pathway. […] The white or hypopigmented type of pityriasis versicolor is thought to be due to a chemical produced by malassezia that diffuses into the epidermis and impairs the function of the melanocytes. […] The pink type of pityriasis versicolor is mildly inflamed, due to dermatitis induced by malassezia or its metabolites.
  • #16 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    The word „versicolor” was coined to describe the condition because of the potential for alterations in cutaneous pigmentation. While the specific causes of pigmentary variation remain unknown, several hypotheses exist. The symptoms of hypopigmented tinea versicolor, in which the skin does not darken in response to sun exposure, are generally most noticeable in the summer. Azelaic acid, a dicarboxylic acid generated by Malassezia, may have a role in the etiology of hypopigmentation due to its inhibitory or harmful actions on melanocytes. An inflammatory response to the yeast could cause hyperpigmented and erythematous lesions.
  • #17 Tinea Versicolor – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/tinea-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor is skin infection with Malassezia furfur that manifests as multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color from white to tan to brown to pink. […] It is normally a harmless component of normal skin flora but in some people causes tinea versicolor. Most affected people are healthy. […] Factors that may predispose to tinea versicolor include heat and humidity and immunosuppression due to corticosteroids, pregnancy, undernutrition, diabetes, or other disorders. […] Hypopigmentation in tinea versicolor is due to the inhibition of tyrosinase caused by M. furfur production of azelaic acid. […] Recurrence is almost universal after treatment because the causative organism is a normal skin inhabitant.
  • #18 Pityriasis versicolor
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor/
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of fungus that lives on the skin. […] Most people have this fungus on their skin without it causing any problems. But sometimes it can grow and spread more than usual, causing pityriasis versicolor. […] Its not always clear why this happens. Its not caused by not washing your skin and most people who have it are otherwise healthy. […] Pityriasis versicolor cannot spread from person to person.
  • #19 Pityriasis versicolor – BAD Patient Hub
    https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/pityriasis-versicolor/
    Pityriasis means a type of fine skin scaling, and versicolor means changing colour. It is a common and harmless rash due to the overgrowth of yeasts that live on everyones skin. These yeasts, called Malassezia, are not in any way related to yeast in food or to those that cause thrush. It is also sometimes called tinea versicolor. […] Large numbers of tiny harmless organisms, known as the resident flora, live on the surface of everyones skin. Some of them are yeasts. At times, these yeasts can overgrow becoming more visible resulting in the rash known as pityriasis versicolor. This happens most often in warm moist climates. Most people with this condition are in good health. […] We do not understand why some people tend to get it and others do not.
  • #20 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. The causative organism, yeast from the genus Malassezia, is part of the normal skin flora. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia, a dimorphic lipophilic fungus previously known as Pityrosporum. Malassezia is a component of the normal skin flora. Clinical disease develops when Malassezia transforms from yeast into its mycelial form. Researchers have identified 14 species of Malassezia to date. The primary species responsible for tinea versicolor are Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis, with M. globosa being the most prevalent. […] Poor hygiene is not a causative factor. Environmental factors like heat and humidity, pregnancy, oily skin, and applying oily lotions and creams increase the risk of tinea versicolor. Genetic predisposition and a hereditary component may play a role. A survey found that 21% of patients with tinea versicolor reported a positive family history. Immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of developing tinea versicolor, suggesting that an altered immune response in the host may play a role in the condition’s etiology. Malnutrition and the use of oral contraceptives may also act as risk factors.
  • #21 Pityriasis versicolor
    https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor/
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of yeast called Malassezia. It normally lives on the skin without causing any problems. […] Pityriasis versicolor can develop if this yeast starts to multiply more than usual. It’s not clear exactly why this happens in some people and not in others. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing pityriasis versicolor, including: living or staying in a warm, moist environment, – this can include Ireland in the summer, sweating excessively (hyperhidrosis), creams, dressings or clothing that do not allow your skin to breathe, being malnourished, having a weakened immune system, being a teenager or in your early 20s. […] Pityriasis versicolor is not related to poor hygiene. The condition cannot be spread from person to person because most people already have the Malassezia yeast on their skin.
  • #22 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
    https://www.healthline.com/health/tinea-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor, or pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal skin infection caused by the Malassezia fungus. […] Tinea versicolor happens when something causes Malassezia to quickly grow on the skin. […] Tinea versicolor occurs when Malassezia grows rapidly on the surface of the skin. […] The fungus Malassezia is a type of yeast found on the surface of the skin. It is typically harmless, but sometimes it can grow out of control and affect the natural color or pigmentation of your skin. […] Doctors aren’t sure why this happens, but they have identified certain factors that may increase the likelihood of tinea versicolor. These include: hot and humid weather, oily skin, pregnancy, a weakened immune system, family history of tinea versicolor. […] While the exact cause is unclear, tinea versicolor is more likely to develop in hot, humid environments. People with a weakened immune system or a family history of the condition are also more likely to develop it.
  • #23 Pityriasis versicolor | nidirect
    https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of yeast called Malassezia. This yeast is found on the skin of more than 90 per cent of adults, where it normally lives without causing any problems. […] But pityriasis versicolor can develop if this yeast starts to multiply more than usual. It’s not clear exactly why this happens in some people and not in others. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing pityriasis versicolor, including: being in a warm, moist environment (Northern Ireland, in the summertime, can be warm enough), sweating excessively (hyperhidrosis), creams, dressings or clothing that don’t allow your skin to breathe, being malnourished, having a weakened immune system, being a teenager or in your early 20s. […] Pityriasis versicolor isn’t related to poor hygiene. The condition can’t be spread from person to person because most people already have the Malassezia yeast on their skin.
  • #24 Pityriasis versicolor
    https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor/
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of yeast called Malassezia. It normally lives on the skin without causing any problems. […] Pityriasis versicolor can develop if this yeast starts to multiply more than usual. It’s not clear exactly why this happens in some people and not in others. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing pityriasis versicolor, including: living or staying in a warm, moist environment, – this can include Ireland in the summer, sweating excessively (hyperhidrosis), creams, dressings or clothing that do not allow your skin to breathe, being malnourished, having a weakened immune system, being a teenager or in your early 20s. […] Pityriasis versicolor is not related to poor hygiene. The condition cannot be spread from person to person because most people already have the Malassezia yeast on their skin.
  • #25 Pityriasis versicolor: causes and treatment | gesund.bund.de
    https://gesund.bund.de/en/pityriasis-versicolor-tinea-versicolor
    Many people with pityriasis versicolor have no idea that the reason for their blotchy skin is a fungus. Proliferation of the fungus causes the disease to develop. […] It is caused by a yeast fungus that occurs on the skin of nearly all people. […] Pityriasis versicolor is caused by yeast fungi that are on nearly everyone’s skin. It is not clear why these fungi only multiply on some people and cause visible patches. […] Important: Pityriasis versicolor is not caused by poor hygiene. It is also not infectious. […] Risk factors for pityriasis versicolor include a warm and moist climate, increased sweat production, and comedogenic oils or cosmetics (that seal the pores). […] Furthermore, a hereditary predisposition probably plays a role. […] With a weakened immune system, the general risk for infections and thus also pityriasis versicolor increases.
  • #26 Tinea versicolor – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tinea-versicolor/symptoms-causes/syc-20378385
    Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection of the skin. The fungus interferes with the normal pigmentation of the skin, resulting in small, discolored patches. […] The overgrowth of fungus that causes tinea versicolor interferes with the normal pigment production of the skin. This creates an uneven skin pigment. […] The fungus that causes tinea versicolor can be found on healthy skin. It only starts causing problems when the fungus overgrows. A number of factors may trigger this growth, including: Hot, humid weather, Oily skin, Hormonal changes, Weakened immune system.
  • #27 Tinea Versicolor: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17719-tinea-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection that can cause itchy, dry and discolored skin. […] An overgrowth of yeast on your skin’s surface causes tinea versicolor. This yeast thrives in warm, moist and oily environments, causing it to grow out of control in small colonies. These yeast colonies cause the symptoms of tinea versicolor. […] Some things that can trigger the yeast to grow out of control are hormonal changes, weakened immune system, hot, humid weather, sweating, and oily skin.
  • #28 Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor Causes & Treatments (2025) – Clever Soap
    https://www.cleversoap.co.uk/blogs/skin-conditions/tinea-versicolour?srsltid=AfmBOoowAQ_jv2zR2HDi_qv6FyXOODrMUcKb2pgFRgtOOwzGAPg3qeB3
    Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a common fungal skin infection caused by the overgrowth of a naturally occurring yeast called Malassezia. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by the overgrowth of a type of yeast called Malassezia, which naturally resides on the surface of the skin. Under normal circumstances, this yeast coexists with your skins microbiome without causing any harm. However, certain factors can trigger an overgrowth, leading to the appearance of tinea versicolor. […] The yeast thrives in warm, moist conditions, which is why tinea versicolor is more common in tropical or subtropical climates. […] Excess oil production creates an ideal environment for the yeast to grow. Individuals with naturally oily skin may be more prone to developing tinea versicolor, as the excess sebum allows the yeast to proliferate more easily.
  • #29 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. The causative organism, yeast from the genus Malassezia, is part of the normal skin flora. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia, a dimorphic lipophilic fungus previously known as Pityrosporum. Malassezia is a component of the normal skin flora. Clinical disease develops when Malassezia transforms from yeast into its mycelial form. Researchers have identified 14 species of Malassezia to date. The primary species responsible for tinea versicolor are Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis, with M. globosa being the most prevalent. […] Poor hygiene is not a causative factor. Environmental factors like heat and humidity, pregnancy, oily skin, and applying oily lotions and creams increase the risk of tinea versicolor. Genetic predisposition and a hereditary component may play a role. A survey found that 21% of patients with tinea versicolor reported a positive family history. Immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of developing tinea versicolor, suggesting that an altered immune response in the host may play a role in the condition’s etiology. Malnutrition and the use of oral contraceptives may also act as risk factors.
  • #30 Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor Causes & Treatments (2025) – Clever Soap
    https://www.cleversoap.co.uk/blogs/skin-conditions/tinea-versicolour?srsltid=AfmBOoowAQ_jv2zR2HDi_qv6FyXOODrMUcKb2pgFRgtOOwzGAPg3qeB3
    Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during adolescence, pregnancy, or times of stress, can influence the skins oil production, leading to an imbalance and giving the yeast an opportunity to grow. […] A weakened immune system, whether due to illness, medication, or a medical condition, can make it harder for your body to keep Malassezia yeast in check. This can lead to a higher likelihood of developing tinea versicolor.
  • #31 Pityriasis versicolor
    https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor/
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of yeast called Malassezia. It normally lives on the skin without causing any problems. […] Pityriasis versicolor can develop if this yeast starts to multiply more than usual. It’s not clear exactly why this happens in some people and not in others. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing pityriasis versicolor, including: living or staying in a warm, moist environment, – this can include Ireland in the summer, sweating excessively (hyperhidrosis), creams, dressings or clothing that do not allow your skin to breathe, being malnourished, having a weakened immune system, being a teenager or in your early 20s. […] Pityriasis versicolor is not related to poor hygiene. The condition cannot be spread from person to person because most people already have the Malassezia yeast on their skin.
  • #32 Tinea Versicolor: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
    https://www.health.com/tinea-versicolor-8363463
    Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal infection of the skin that happens when you develop an overgrowth of a fungus called Malassezia. […] A fungus called Malassezia, which is a natural component of your normal skin flora, is responsible for causing tinea versicolor. The fungus is most commonly found in oily areas of your skin including the scalp, face, and back. Malassezia is not harmful under normal circumstances. But an overgrowth of the fungus can cause this fungal infection. […] Tinea versicolor tends to be more common among children and adolescents since they experience an increase in sebum (oil) production due to hormonal changes as they get older. This creates a more lipid-rich environment that supports the growth of the fungus. […] Having a vitamin D deficiency can sometimes increase your risk of tinea versicolor indirectly because the deficiency causes a weakened immune system—a common risk factor for this type of infection.
  • #33 Pityriasis versicolor – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US
    https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/861
    Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection of the stratum corneum, due to dimorphic yeasts of the genus Malassezia, leading to hypo- or hyperpigmented macular lesions on seborrheic areas of the trunk. […] It leads to hypo- or hyperpigmented coalescing scaly macules on the trunk and upper arms. […] Pityriasis versicolor (PV), also known as tinea versicolor, is a common superficial fungal infection of the stratum corneum (outer layer of the epidermis) resulting from a change to the mycelial (filamentous fungus or mould) state of dimorphic yeasts of the genus Malassezia. […] high ambient temperature and humidity […] hyperhidrosis […] systemic corticosteroid or other immunosuppressant use […] family history of PV […] HIV infection and other immunosuppressive conditions.
  • #34 Tinea Versicolor: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091575-overview
    Tinea versicolor is caused by the dimorphic, lipophilic organisms in the genus Malassezia, formerly known as Pityrosporum. Fourteen species are recognized within this classification of yeasts, of which Malassezia globosa, Malassezia sympodialis, and Malassezia furfur are the predominant species isolated in tinea versicolor. […] Most cases of tinea versicolor occur in healthy individuals with no immunologic deficiencies. Nevertheless, several factors predispose some people to develop this condition. These factors include genetic predisposition; warm, humid environments; immunosuppression; malnutrition; application of oily preparations; corticosteroid usage; and Cushing disease. […] The reason why this organism causes tinea versicolor in some individuals while remains as normal flora in others is not entirely known. Several factors, such as the organism’s nutritional requirements and the host’s immune response to the organism, are significant.
  • #35 Tinea Versicolor: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091575-overview
    Another significant causative factor is the patient’s immune system. Although sensitization against M furfur antigens is routinely present in the general population (as proven by lymphocyte transformation studies), lymphocyte function on stimulation with the organism has been shown to be impaired in patients who are affected. […] A study from 2020 found a statistically significant relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and tinea versicolor, proposing H pylori infection as an etiologic factor for this fungal infection, although this has not been verified in larger studies and the controls population with telogen effluvium was not clearly demographically matched.
  • #36 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. The causative organism, yeast from the genus Malassezia, is part of the normal skin flora. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia, a dimorphic lipophilic fungus previously known as Pityrosporum. Malassezia is a component of the normal skin flora. Clinical disease develops when Malassezia transforms from yeast into its mycelial form. Researchers have identified 14 species of Malassezia to date. The primary species responsible for tinea versicolor are Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis, with M. globosa being the most prevalent. […] Poor hygiene is not a causative factor. Environmental factors like heat and humidity, pregnancy, oily skin, and applying oily lotions and creams increase the risk of tinea versicolor. Genetic predisposition and a hereditary component may play a role. A survey found that 21% of patients with tinea versicolor reported a positive family history. Immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of developing tinea versicolor, suggesting that an altered immune response in the host may play a role in the condition’s etiology. Malnutrition and the use of oral contraceptives may also act as risk factors.
  • #37 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/tinea-versicolor-8576648
    Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal infection of the skin caused by yeast of the Malassezia family. […] The majority of cases involve the fungal species Malassezia globosa, while a small proportion is attributed to Malassezia furfur, Malassezia sympodialis, and other minor species. […] However, when the balance is disrupted, Malassezia can overgrow and cause an outbreak of superficial skin lesions. […] Because Malassezia feeds on fats found in skin oils (called sebum), outbreaks tend to occur where there is a high density of sebum-producing sebaceous glands (such as on the face, scalp, and upper body). […] Genetics are thought to play a part as tinea versicolor tends to run in families. Several genetic mutations associated with tinea versicolor have already been identified.
  • #38 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/tinea-versicolor-8576648
    Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal infection of the skin caused by yeast of the Malassezia family. […] The majority of cases involve the fungal species Malassezia globosa, while a small proportion is attributed to Malassezia furfur, Malassezia sympodialis, and other minor species. […] However, when the balance is disrupted, Malassezia can overgrow and cause an outbreak of superficial skin lesions. […] Because Malassezia feeds on fats found in skin oils (called sebum), outbreaks tend to occur where there is a high density of sebum-producing sebaceous glands (such as on the face, scalp, and upper body). […] Genetics are thought to play a part as tinea versicolor tends to run in families. Several genetic mutations associated with tinea versicolor have already been identified.
  • #39 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. The causative organism, yeast from the genus Malassezia, is part of the normal skin flora. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia, a dimorphic lipophilic fungus previously known as Pityrosporum. Malassezia is a component of the normal skin flora. Clinical disease develops when Malassezia transforms from yeast into its mycelial form. Researchers have identified 14 species of Malassezia to date. The primary species responsible for tinea versicolor are Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis, with M. globosa being the most prevalent. […] Poor hygiene is not a causative factor. Environmental factors like heat and humidity, pregnancy, oily skin, and applying oily lotions and creams increase the risk of tinea versicolor. Genetic predisposition and a hereditary component may play a role. A survey found that 21% of patients with tinea versicolor reported a positive family history. Immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of developing tinea versicolor, suggesting that an altered immune response in the host may play a role in the condition’s etiology. Malnutrition and the use of oral contraceptives may also act as risk factors.
  • #40 Pityriasis versicolor | nidirect
    https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of yeast called Malassezia. This yeast is found on the skin of more than 90 per cent of adults, where it normally lives without causing any problems. […] But pityriasis versicolor can develop if this yeast starts to multiply more than usual. It’s not clear exactly why this happens in some people and not in others. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing pityriasis versicolor, including: being in a warm, moist environment (Northern Ireland, in the summertime, can be warm enough), sweating excessively (hyperhidrosis), creams, dressings or clothing that don’t allow your skin to breathe, being malnourished, having a weakened immune system, being a teenager or in your early 20s. […] Pityriasis versicolor isn’t related to poor hygiene. The condition can’t be spread from person to person because most people already have the Malassezia yeast on their skin.
  • #41 Tinea Versicolor: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091575-overview
    Tinea versicolor is caused by the dimorphic, lipophilic organisms in the genus Malassezia, formerly known as Pityrosporum. Fourteen species are recognized within this classification of yeasts, of which Malassezia globosa, Malassezia sympodialis, and Malassezia furfur are the predominant species isolated in tinea versicolor. […] Most cases of tinea versicolor occur in healthy individuals with no immunologic deficiencies. Nevertheless, several factors predispose some people to develop this condition. These factors include genetic predisposition; warm, humid environments; immunosuppression; malnutrition; application of oily preparations; corticosteroid usage; and Cushing disease. […] The reason why this organism causes tinea versicolor in some individuals while remains as normal flora in others is not entirely known. Several factors, such as the organism’s nutritional requirements and the host’s immune response to the organism, are significant.
  • #42 SciELO Brazil – Pitiríase Versicolor Pitiríase Versicolor
    https://www.scielo.br/j/abd/a/dtycs4DqQTZ3mxB6mMKGSbr/?lang=en
    The infection has been experimentally induced by occlusive clothing. […] On the other hand, endogenic factors are responsible due to disease prevalence in temperate climates, including seborrheic dermatitis, Cushing’s syndrome, treatment with immunosuppressor, malnutrition and (particularly flexural) hyperhydrosis. […] A possible factor in the development of PV is depressed cellular immunity. […] It has been suggested that the lipoperoxidation process produced by Pityrosporum could be responsible for the clinical hypopigmented appearance of lesioned skin. […] The pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation in PV is not entirely understood. […] After treatment, the affected area remained hypopigmented for a variable period of time. The mechanism of hypopigmentation has not been well established yet.
  • #43 Tinea Versicolor: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091575-overview
    Another significant causative factor is the patient’s immune system. Although sensitization against M furfur antigens is routinely present in the general population (as proven by lymphocyte transformation studies), lymphocyte function on stimulation with the organism has been shown to be impaired in patients who are affected. […] A study from 2020 found a statistically significant relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and tinea versicolor, proposing H pylori infection as an etiologic factor for this fungal infection, although this has not been verified in larger studies and the controls population with telogen effluvium was not clearly demographically matched.
  • #44 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    The word „versicolor” was coined to describe the condition because of the potential for alterations in cutaneous pigmentation. While the specific causes of pigmentary variation remain unknown, several hypotheses exist. The symptoms of hypopigmented tinea versicolor, in which the skin does not darken in response to sun exposure, are generally most noticeable in the summer. Azelaic acid, a dicarboxylic acid generated by Malassezia, may have a role in the etiology of hypopigmentation due to its inhibitory or harmful actions on melanocytes. An inflammatory response to the yeast could cause hyperpigmented and erythematous lesions.
  • #45 Tinea Versicolor – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/tinea-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor is skin infection with Malassezia furfur that manifests as multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color from white to tan to brown to pink. […] It is normally a harmless component of normal skin flora but in some people causes tinea versicolor. Most affected people are healthy. […] Factors that may predispose to tinea versicolor include heat and humidity and immunosuppression due to corticosteroids, pregnancy, undernutrition, diabetes, or other disorders. […] Hypopigmentation in tinea versicolor is due to the inhibition of tyrosinase caused by M. furfur production of azelaic acid. […] Recurrence is almost universal after treatment because the causative organism is a normal skin inhabitant.
  • #46 Tinea versicolor – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinea_versicolor
    Tinea versicolor (also pityriasis versicolor) is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities. The majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the fungus Malassezia globosa, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases. […] These yeasts are normally found on the human skin and become troublesome only under certain conditions, such as a warm and humid environment, although the exact conditions that cause initiation of the disease process are poorly understood. […] In cases of tinea versicolor caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur, lightening of the skin occurs due to the fungus’s production of azelaic acid, which has a slight bleaching effect. […] This skin disease commonly affects adolescents and young adults, especially in warm and humid climates. The yeast is thought to feed on skin oils (lipids), as well as dead skin cells. Infections are more common in people who have seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and hyperhidrosis.
  • #47 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    The word „versicolor” was coined to describe the condition because of the potential for alterations in cutaneous pigmentation. While the specific causes of pigmentary variation remain unknown, several hypotheses exist. The symptoms of hypopigmented tinea versicolor, in which the skin does not darken in response to sun exposure, are generally most noticeable in the summer. Azelaic acid, a dicarboxylic acid generated by Malassezia, may have a role in the etiology of hypopigmentation due to its inhibitory or harmful actions on melanocytes. An inflammatory response to the yeast could cause hyperpigmented and erythematous lesions.
  • #48 Tinea Versicolor Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight
    https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/tinea-versicolor/
    Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a common skin condition caused by a surface (superficial) infection with a yeast called Malassezia that commonly lives on the skin. […] Some conditions make tinea versicolor more likely to occur: Living in a warm, humid climate, Having oily skin, Being pregnant, Sweating frequently or excessively. […] The yeast that causes the condition produces a substance that can temporarily bleach the underlying skin to a lighter color. Even after the infection has cleared, the spots may be hypopigmented patches that may not get their normal color back for many months. These hypopigmented spots do not tan normally. The lighter areas are more obvious in darker skin colors. […] Recurrence of the infection after treatment is common.
  • #49 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    The word „versicolor” was coined to describe the condition because of the potential for alterations in cutaneous pigmentation. While the specific causes of pigmentary variation remain unknown, several hypotheses exist. The symptoms of hypopigmented tinea versicolor, in which the skin does not darken in response to sun exposure, are generally most noticeable in the summer. Azelaic acid, a dicarboxylic acid generated by Malassezia, may have a role in the etiology of hypopigmentation due to its inhibitory or harmful actions on melanocytes. An inflammatory response to the yeast could cause hyperpigmented and erythematous lesions.
  • #50 Pityriasis versicolor. Tinea versicolor
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-versicolor
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by mycelial growth of fungi of the genus Malassezia. […] Fourteen different species of malassezia have been identified. The most common species cultured from pityriasis versicolor are M globosa, M restricta and M sympodialis. […] It is not known why they sometimes grow more actively on the skin surface to form pityriasis versicolor. One theory implicates a tryptophan-dependent metabolic pathway. […] The white or hypopigmented type of pityriasis versicolor is thought to be due to a chemical produced by malassezia that diffuses into the epidermis and impairs the function of the melanocytes. […] The pink type of pityriasis versicolor is mildly inflamed, due to dermatitis induced by malassezia or its metabolites.
  • #51 SciELO Brazil – Pitiríase Versicolor Pitiríase Versicolor
    https://www.scielo.br/j/abd/a/dtycs4DqQTZ3mxB6mMKGSbr/?lang=en
    The infection has been experimentally induced by occlusive clothing. […] On the other hand, endogenic factors are responsible due to disease prevalence in temperate climates, including seborrheic dermatitis, Cushing’s syndrome, treatment with immunosuppressor, malnutrition and (particularly flexural) hyperhydrosis. […] A possible factor in the development of PV is depressed cellular immunity. […] It has been suggested that the lipoperoxidation process produced by Pityrosporum could be responsible for the clinical hypopigmented appearance of lesioned skin. […] The pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation in PV is not entirely understood. […] After treatment, the affected area remained hypopigmented for a variable period of time. The mechanism of hypopigmentation has not been well established yet.
  • #52 Causes, symptoms and details of Pityriasis Versicolor – Pulse Reference
    https://pulsereference.com/diagnoses/pityriasis-versicolor/
    Pityriasis versicolor is a common, benign, superficial fungal infection of the skin, caused predominantly by Malassezia species. […] The condition is characterised by its chronic, recurrent nature. […] Pityriasis versicolor can be treated with a 5-day course of ketoconazole shampoo applied daily for 3-5 minutes before washing off. […] If topical therapy fails, or if the infection is widespread, pityriasis versicolor is treated systemically with a triazole antifungal.
  • #53 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. The causative organism, yeast from the genus Malassezia, is part of the normal skin flora. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia, a dimorphic lipophilic fungus previously known as Pityrosporum. Malassezia is a component of the normal skin flora. Clinical disease develops when Malassezia transforms from yeast into its mycelial form. Researchers have identified 14 species of Malassezia to date. The primary species responsible for tinea versicolor are Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis, with M. globosa being the most prevalent. […] Poor hygiene is not a causative factor. Environmental factors like heat and humidity, pregnancy, oily skin, and applying oily lotions and creams increase the risk of tinea versicolor. Genetic predisposition and a hereditary component may play a role. A survey found that 21% of patients with tinea versicolor reported a positive family history. Immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of developing tinea versicolor, suggesting that an altered immune response in the host may play a role in the condition’s etiology. Malnutrition and the use of oral contraceptives may also act as risk factors.
  • #54 Pityriasis versicolor | nidirect
    https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of yeast called Malassezia. This yeast is found on the skin of more than 90 per cent of adults, where it normally lives without causing any problems. […] But pityriasis versicolor can develop if this yeast starts to multiply more than usual. It’s not clear exactly why this happens in some people and not in others. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing pityriasis versicolor, including: being in a warm, moist environment (Northern Ireland, in the summertime, can be warm enough), sweating excessively (hyperhidrosis), creams, dressings or clothing that don’t allow your skin to breathe, being malnourished, having a weakened immune system, being a teenager or in your early 20s. […] Pityriasis versicolor isn’t related to poor hygiene. The condition can’t be spread from person to person because most people already have the Malassezia yeast on their skin.
  • #55 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/tinea-versicolor-8576648
    Tinea versicolor has nothing to do with poor hygiene and is not contagious as the yeast already resides on the skin. […] Tinea versicolor is a harmless, painless, but potentially disruptive skin condition caused by a type of fungus called Malassezia. It commonly affects people who are immunocompromised, are taking antibiotics, or live in hot, humid climates.
  • #56 Tinea versicolor: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001465.htm
    Tinea versicolor is fairly common. It is caused by a type of fungus called Malassezia. This fungus is normally found on human skin. It only causes a problem in certain settings. […] The condition is most common in adolescents and young adults. It typically occurs in warm and humid climates. It does not spread person to person.
  • #57 Causes, symptoms and details of Pityriasis Versicolor – Pulse Reference
    https://pulsereference.com/diagnoses/pityriasis-versicolor/
    Pityriasis versicolor is a common, benign, superficial fungal infection of the skin, caused predominantly by Malassezia species. […] The condition is characterised by its chronic, recurrent nature. […] Pityriasis versicolor can be treated with a 5-day course of ketoconazole shampoo applied daily for 3-5 minutes before washing off. […] If topical therapy fails, or if the infection is widespread, pityriasis versicolor is treated systemically with a triazole antifungal.
  • #58 Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor)
    https://johnshopkinshealthcare.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Wellness/BloodPressure/Tools/85,P00320
    Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) is a fungal or yeast skin rash. Its caused by too much growth of a certain yeast on the skin. […] Yeast is a type of fungus that normally lives on the skin. This condition occurs when the yeast grows too much. It grows more easily in hot climates, and on oily or sweaty skin. Researchers dont know why some people get this rash and others dont. It’s not spread from person to person. […] You are more at risk for tinea versicolor if you: Live in a hot, humid climate, Have moist or oily skin, Have a weak immune system. […] Tinea versicolor is a fungal skin rash. Its caused by too much growth of a normal yeast on the skin. […] The rash is treated with antifungal or medicated dandruff shampoo on the skin. […] Your skin may only get better for a short time. Then the rash may happen again. You may need to use the shampoo each month to keep the rash from coming back. […] It may take several months for your skin to return to its normal color.
  • #59 Pityriasis Versicolor—A Narrative Review on the Diagnosis and Management
    https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/10/2097
    Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a fungal infection caused by lipophilic yeast Malassezia (previously known as Pityrosporum) belonging to the Basidiomycota division and the Malasseziomycetes class. The Malassezia genus, currently comprising 19 species, remains an integral component of the healthy skin microbiome. M. furfur, M. globosa, and M. sympodialis have been the most frequently isolated in PV. On the other hand, M. restricta and M. globosa are by far the most abundant on human skin, whereas the other species occur less frequently. […] It should be noted that, due to numerous changes in the nomenclature of Malassezia and new species constantly added to the genus, it is unclear whether any individual species is responsible for developing PV. Nevertheless, it has been reported that different Malassezia species, with different antifungal susceptibility, may coexist in one individual and be responsible for the variability in therapeutic outcome in clinically similar lesions. […] Sebaceous areas of the human skin, including the scalp, face, chest, and upper back, remain a habitat for the Malassezia genus due to the abundance of a lipid nutrient source.
  • #60 Tinea (Pityriasis) versicolor: etiology, clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment – Online Biology Notes
    https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/tinea-pityriasis-versicolor-etiology-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-treatment/
    Tinea versicolor is a common, mild, but often recurrent infection of the stratum corneum because of the lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia. […] Till now three Malassezia species were identified: two lipid-dependent species, M. furfur and M. sympodialis, and one non-obligate lipophile, M. pachydermatis. […] The accurate conditions which results in the development of pityriasis versicolor and other forms of superficial Malassezia infection have not been defined, but host and environmental factors both seem to be essential. […] It is assumed that colonization with Malassezia species primarily occurs at the time of puberty when the sebaceous glands become active and the concentration of lipids on the skin increases. […] The relationship between Malassezia species and the immune system is essential.
  • #61 Pityriasis versicolor. Tinea versicolor
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-versicolor
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by mycelial growth of fungi of the genus Malassezia. […] Fourteen different species of malassezia have been identified. The most common species cultured from pityriasis versicolor are M globosa, M restricta and M sympodialis. […] It is not known why they sometimes grow more actively on the skin surface to form pityriasis versicolor. One theory implicates a tryptophan-dependent metabolic pathway. […] The white or hypopigmented type of pityriasis versicolor is thought to be due to a chemical produced by malassezia that diffuses into the epidermis and impairs the function of the melanocytes. […] The pink type of pityriasis versicolor is mildly inflamed, due to dermatitis induced by malassezia or its metabolites.
  • #62 Pityriasis versicolor. Tinea versicolor
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-versicolor
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by mycelial growth of fungi of the genus Malassezia. […] Fourteen different species of malassezia have been identified. The most common species cultured from pityriasis versicolor are M globosa, M restricta and M sympodialis. […] It is not known why they sometimes grow more actively on the skin surface to form pityriasis versicolor. One theory implicates a tryptophan-dependent metabolic pathway. […] The white or hypopigmented type of pityriasis versicolor is thought to be due to a chemical produced by malassezia that diffuses into the epidermis and impairs the function of the melanocytes. […] The pink type of pityriasis versicolor is mildly inflamed, due to dermatitis induced by malassezia or its metabolites.
  • #63 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/dermatology-and-venereology/tinea-versicolor-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention
    The cause of the problem is an overgrowth of a type of yeast (fungus) that is normally prevalent on your skin. […] Malassezia-genus fungi’s mycelial development is what leads to pityriasis versicolor. […] The normal skin microbiota, or group of bacteria that live on normal skin, includes malassezia. […] Malassezia has been classified into 14 distinct species. […] The most frequently grown species from P. versicolor are M. globosa, M. restricta, and M. sympodialis. […] It is unknown why they sporadically proliferate more vigorously on the skin’s surface to produce pityriasis versicolor. A tryptophan-dependent metabolic pathway is one hypothesis. […] The Malassezia-produced chemical is assumed to be the cause of the white or hypopigmented form of pityriasis versicolor because it diffuses into the epidermis and interferes with the melanocytes’ ability to create pigment. […] The pink variety of pityriasis versicolor has minor dermatitis brought on by Malassezia or its byproducts.
  • #64 Tinea Versicolor Causes, Itchy Symptoms, Treatment & Fast Cure
    https://www.medicinenet.com/tinea_versicolor/article.htm
    Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection of the skin that often affects adolescents and young adults. The term versicolor refers to the fact that it frequently alters the color of the involved skin. […] A yeast called Malassezia causes tinea versicolor; it normally lives on the skin of most adults without producing disease. It exists in two forms, a yeast form and a form that resembles „penne and meatballs” when viewed microscopically. This second form makes patches of discolored slightly scaly skin called tinea versicolor. Medical professionals believe that a chemical produced by Malassezia, azelaic acid, is responsible for the loss of pigment. […] Since the organism that causes tinea versicolor is a normal inhabitant of the skin and the disease does not affect the patient’s general health, there is no widely accepted approach to prevention.
  • #65 Tinea Versicolor – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/tinea-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor is skin infection with Malassezia furfur that manifests as multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color from white to tan to brown to pink. […] It is normally a harmless component of normal skin flora but in some people causes tinea versicolor. Most affected people are healthy. […] Factors that may predispose to tinea versicolor include heat and humidity and immunosuppression due to corticosteroids, pregnancy, undernutrition, diabetes, or other disorders. […] Hypopigmentation in tinea versicolor is due to the inhibition of tyrosinase caused by M. furfur production of azelaic acid. […] Recurrence is almost universal after treatment because the causative organism is a normal skin inhabitant.
  • #66 SciELO Brazil – Pitiríase Versicolor Pitiríase Versicolor
    https://www.scielo.br/j/abd/a/dtycs4DqQTZ3mxB6mMKGSbr/?lang=en
    The infection has been experimentally induced by occlusive clothing. […] On the other hand, endogenic factors are responsible due to disease prevalence in temperate climates, including seborrheic dermatitis, Cushing’s syndrome, treatment with immunosuppressor, malnutrition and (particularly flexural) hyperhydrosis. […] A possible factor in the development of PV is depressed cellular immunity. […] It has been suggested that the lipoperoxidation process produced by Pityrosporum could be responsible for the clinical hypopigmented appearance of lesioned skin. […] The pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation in PV is not entirely understood. […] After treatment, the affected area remained hypopigmented for a variable period of time. The mechanism of hypopigmentation has not been well established yet.
  • #67 Tinea (Pityriasis) versicolor: etiology, clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment – Online Biology Notes
    https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/tinea-pityriasis-versicolor-etiology-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-treatment/
    Tinea versicolor is a common, mild, but often recurrent infection of the stratum corneum because of the lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia. […] Till now three Malassezia species were identified: two lipid-dependent species, M. furfur and M. sympodialis, and one non-obligate lipophile, M. pachydermatis. […] The accurate conditions which results in the development of pityriasis versicolor and other forms of superficial Malassezia infection have not been defined, but host and environmental factors both seem to be essential. […] It is assumed that colonization with Malassezia species primarily occurs at the time of puberty when the sebaceous glands become active and the concentration of lipids on the skin increases. […] The relationship between Malassezia species and the immune system is essential.
  • #68 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    Pityriasis versicolor, or tinea versicolor, is a common, benign, superficial fungal skin infection. The causative organism, yeast from the genus Malassezia, is part of the normal skin flora. […] Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia, a dimorphic lipophilic fungus previously known as Pityrosporum. Malassezia is a component of the normal skin flora. Clinical disease develops when Malassezia transforms from yeast into its mycelial form. Researchers have identified 14 species of Malassezia to date. The primary species responsible for tinea versicolor are Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis, with M. globosa being the most prevalent. […] Poor hygiene is not a causative factor. Environmental factors like heat and humidity, pregnancy, oily skin, and applying oily lotions and creams increase the risk of tinea versicolor. Genetic predisposition and a hereditary component may play a role. A survey found that 21% of patients with tinea versicolor reported a positive family history. Immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of developing tinea versicolor, suggesting that an altered immune response in the host may play a role in the condition’s etiology. Malnutrition and the use of oral contraceptives may also act as risk factors.
  • #69 Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor (ie, pityriasis versicolor) is a common superficial fungal infection that typically presents with hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules on the trunk and proximal upper extremities. […] The causative organisms are in the genus Malassezia (formerly known as Pityrosporum). […] The causative organisms are saprophytic yeasts in the genus Malassezia (formerly known as Pityrosporum). […] Malassezia globosa appears to be the predominant causal species. […] Transformation of Malassezia from yeast cells to a pathogenic, mycelial form is associated with the development of clinical disease. […] External factors suspected of contributing to the transformation of Malassezia from yeast cells to a pathogenic, mycelial form include exposure to hot and humid weather, hyperhidrosis, and the use of topical skin oils.
  • #70 Tinea Versicolor: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
    https://www.healthline.com/health/tinea-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor, or pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal skin infection caused by the Malassezia fungus. […] Tinea versicolor happens when something causes Malassezia to quickly grow on the skin. […] Tinea versicolor occurs when Malassezia grows rapidly on the surface of the skin. […] The fungus Malassezia is a type of yeast found on the surface of the skin. It is typically harmless, but sometimes it can grow out of control and affect the natural color or pigmentation of your skin. […] Doctors aren’t sure why this happens, but they have identified certain factors that may increase the likelihood of tinea versicolor. These include: hot and humid weather, oily skin, pregnancy, a weakened immune system, family history of tinea versicolor. […] While the exact cause is unclear, tinea versicolor is more likely to develop in hot, humid environments. People with a weakened immune system or a family history of the condition are also more likely to develop it.
  • #71 Pityriasis versicolor | nidirect
    https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor
    Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of yeast called Malassezia. This yeast is found on the skin of more than 90 per cent of adults, where it normally lives without causing any problems. […] But pityriasis versicolor can develop if this yeast starts to multiply more than usual. It’s not clear exactly why this happens in some people and not in others. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing pityriasis versicolor, including: being in a warm, moist environment (Northern Ireland, in the summertime, can be warm enough), sweating excessively (hyperhidrosis), creams, dressings or clothing that don’t allow your skin to breathe, being malnourished, having a weakened immune system, being a teenager or in your early 20s. […] Pityriasis versicolor isn’t related to poor hygiene. The condition can’t be spread from person to person because most people already have the Malassezia yeast on their skin.
  • #72 Tinea Versicolor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482500/
    The word „versicolor” was coined to describe the condition because of the potential for alterations in cutaneous pigmentation. While the specific causes of pigmentary variation remain unknown, several hypotheses exist. The symptoms of hypopigmented tinea versicolor, in which the skin does not darken in response to sun exposure, are generally most noticeable in the summer. Azelaic acid, a dicarboxylic acid generated by Malassezia, may have a role in the etiology of hypopigmentation due to its inhibitory or harmful actions on melanocytes. An inflammatory response to the yeast could cause hyperpigmented and erythematous lesions.
  • #73 Tinea Versicolor – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/tinea-versicolor
    Tinea versicolor is skin infection with Malassezia furfur that manifests as multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color from white to tan to brown to pink. […] It is normally a harmless component of normal skin flora but in some people causes tinea versicolor. Most affected people are healthy. […] Factors that may predispose to tinea versicolor include heat and humidity and immunosuppression due to corticosteroids, pregnancy, undernutrition, diabetes, or other disorders. […] Hypopigmentation in tinea versicolor is due to the inhibition of tyrosinase caused by M. furfur production of azelaic acid. […] Recurrence is almost universal after treatment because the causative organism is a normal skin inhabitant.
  • #74 Tinea Versicolor Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight
    https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/tinea-versicolor/
    Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a common skin condition caused by a surface (superficial) infection with a yeast called Malassezia that commonly lives on the skin. […] Some conditions make tinea versicolor more likely to occur: Living in a warm, humid climate, Having oily skin, Being pregnant, Sweating frequently or excessively. […] The yeast that causes the condition produces a substance that can temporarily bleach the underlying skin to a lighter color. Even after the infection has cleared, the spots may be hypopigmented patches that may not get their normal color back for many months. These hypopigmented spots do not tan normally. The lighter areas are more obvious in darker skin colors. […] Recurrence of the infection after treatment is common.