Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5794619/

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000. […] The incidence of EoE has been investigated several population-based studies, conducted primarily in North America and Europe. Using the most recent time point from these studies, incidence rates range from a low of 2.1/100,000/year in the Netherlands to a high of 12.8/100,000/year in Ohio in the United States. A meta-analysis calculated an overall pooled incident rate of 3.7/100,000/year (95% CI, 1.7-6.5), though there was substantial heterogeneity. In this study, the incidence rate was higher in adults (7.0/100,000/year) than in children (5.1/100,000/year).

• #2 Eosinophilic esophagitis: current status and future directions | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-020-0770-4

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory condition characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation (15 eosinophils per high-power field) of the esophageal mucosa diagnosed after exclusion of other causes of esophageal eosinophilia. […] Until a couple of decades ago, EoE was considered an uncommon entity but has now emerged as a common cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract morbidity in both children and adults. A large meta-analysis estimated incidence and prevalence rates in children of 5.1 cases/100,000 persons/year and 19.1 cases/100,000 persons, respectively. EoE is diagnosed in 26.5% of patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for any indication and this increases to 12-22% if dysphagia is the indication. While EoE can affect patients of all age groups, it has bimodal peak with most cases in either pediatric age group or the third decade of life. EoE is more common in Caucasian males and has a strong association with concomitant atopic conditions such as asthma, eczema, rhinitis, and food allergies.

• #3 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  The first case of EoE was reported in 1977 in an adult patient; however, it was not until the 1990s that it came to be recognized as a distinct clinical entity. In 1993, Attwood et al reported the first case series of EoE in 12 adult patients and suggested that this is an entity distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Data from a 22-year population-based observational study in southwest Sweden revealed a significantly higher prevalence than previously reported, with 113 cases per 100,000 inhabitants overall (127 per 100,000 in adults and 57 per 100,000 in children). The incidence was approximately 7 per 100,000 and showed an increasing trend during the observation period. […] According to a 2025 study, the prevalence of EoE in the United States is approximately 1 in 700, with an annual economic impact of $1.3 billion. Epidemiologic data indicates that EoE causes 1-7 cases per 10,000 children. The condition is recognized as a significant pediatric health concern.

• #4 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5794619/

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000. […] The incidence of EoE has been investigated several population-based studies, conducted primarily in North America and Europe. Using the most recent time point from these studies, incidence rates range from a low of 2.1/100,000/year in the Netherlands to a high of 12.8/100,000/year in Ohio in the United States. A meta-analysis calculated an overall pooled incident rate of 3.7/100,000/year (95% CI, 1.7-6.5), though there was substantial heterogeneity. In this study, the incidence rate was higher in adults (7.0/100,000/year) than in children (5.1/100,000/year).

• #5

  https://my.dev.vanderbilt.edu/richardpeek/2017/07/epidemiology-and-natural-history-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-2/

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000.

• #6 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5794619/

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000. […] The incidence of EoE has been investigated several population-based studies, conducted primarily in North America and Europe. Using the most recent time point from these studies, incidence rates range from a low of 2.1/100,000/year in the Netherlands to a high of 12.8/100,000/year in Ohio in the United States. A meta-analysis calculated an overall pooled incident rate of 3.7/100,000/year (95% CI, 1.7-6.5), though there was substantial heterogeneity. In this study, the incidence rate was higher in adults (7.0/100,000/year) than in children (5.1/100,000/year).

• #7 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5794619/

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000. […] The incidence of EoE has been investigated several population-based studies, conducted primarily in North America and Europe. Using the most recent time point from these studies, incidence rates range from a low of 2.1/100,000/year in the Netherlands to a high of 12.8/100,000/year in Ohio in the United States. A meta-analysis calculated an overall pooled incident rate of 3.7/100,000/year (95% CI, 1.7-6.5), though there was substantial heterogeneity. In this study, the incidence rate was higher in adults (7.0/100,000/year) than in children (5.1/100,000/year).

• #8 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  The first case of EoE was reported in 1977 in an adult patient; however, it was not until the 1990s that it came to be recognized as a distinct clinical entity. In 1993, Attwood et al reported the first case series of EoE in 12 adult patients and suggested that this is an entity distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Data from a 22-year population-based observational study in southwest Sweden revealed a significantly higher prevalence than previously reported, with 113 cases per 100,000 inhabitants overall (127 per 100,000 in adults and 57 per 100,000 in children). The incidence was approximately 7 per 100,000 and showed an increasing trend during the observation period. […] According to a 2025 study, the prevalence of EoE in the United States is approximately 1 in 700, with an annual economic impact of $1.3 billion. Epidemiologic data indicates that EoE causes 1-7 cases per 10,000 children. The condition is recognized as a significant pediatric health concern.

• #9 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5794619/

  All studies that have examined incidence rates of EoE over time have concluded that the incidence of EoE is increasing rapidly. In the first report investigating this issue, incidence increased 40% over a 4 year period (2000-2003). In similar analyses, incidence increased approximately 27-fold and 5-fold at 2 other North American centers. In European studies, rates of increase ranged from 6-fold to more than 100-fold. […] The prevalence of EoE has been investigated worldwide, but most population-based studies have been conducted in North America and Europe, with select studies in Australia and Asia. If we use the most recent time point from these studies, prevalence values range from as low as 2.3/100,000 in Denmark to as high as 90.7/100,000 in Ohio. A meta-analysis estimated an overall pooled EoE prevalence of 22.7/100,000 (95% CI, 12.4-36.0), with a higher rate in adults (43.4/100,000; 95% CI, 22.5-71.2) than in children (29.5/100,000; 95% CI, 17.5-44.7), though there was substantial heterogeneity in these estimates. […] EoE is a chronic disease, so prevalence rates have increased steadily at all sites that have examined changes over time.

• #10 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5794619/

  All studies that have examined incidence rates of EoE over time have concluded that the incidence of EoE is increasing rapidly. In the first report investigating this issue, incidence increased 40% over a 4 year period (2000-2003). In similar analyses, incidence increased approximately 27-fold and 5-fold at 2 other North American centers. In European studies, rates of increase ranged from 6-fold to more than 100-fold. […] The prevalence of EoE has been investigated worldwide, but most population-based studies have been conducted in North America and Europe, with select studies in Australia and Asia. If we use the most recent time point from these studies, prevalence values range from as low as 2.3/100,000 in Denmark to as high as 90.7/100,000 in Ohio. A meta-analysis estimated an overall pooled EoE prevalence of 22.7/100,000 (95% CI, 12.4-36.0), with a higher rate in adults (43.4/100,000; 95% CI, 22.5-71.2) than in children (29.5/100,000; 95% CI, 17.5-44.7), though there was substantial heterogeneity in these estimates. […] EoE is a chronic disease, so prevalence rates have increased steadily at all sites that have examined changes over time.

• #11 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5794619/

  All studies that have examined incidence rates of EoE over time have concluded that the incidence of EoE is increasing rapidly. In the first report investigating this issue, incidence increased 40% over a 4 year period (2000-2003). In similar analyses, incidence increased approximately 27-fold and 5-fold at 2 other North American centers. In European studies, rates of increase ranged from 6-fold to more than 100-fold. […] The prevalence of EoE has been investigated worldwide, but most population-based studies have been conducted in North America and Europe, with select studies in Australia and Asia. If we use the most recent time point from these studies, prevalence values range from as low as 2.3/100,000 in Denmark to as high as 90.7/100,000 in Ohio. A meta-analysis estimated an overall pooled EoE prevalence of 22.7/100,000 (95% CI, 12.4-36.0), with a higher rate in adults (43.4/100,000; 95% CI, 22.5-71.2) than in children (29.5/100,000; 95% CI, 17.5-44.7), though there was substantial heterogeneity in these estimates. […] EoE is a chronic disease, so prevalence rates have increased steadily at all sites that have examined changes over time.

• #12

  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2015/10001/epidemiology_of_eosinophilic_esophagitis_in_the.1621.aspx

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in adults and children and recent literature has shown increased prevalence rates. […] We sought to describe the epidemiology of EoE in the US, and identify associated disorders by using a large database. […] Of the 45,529,610 individuals in the database, we identified 12,770 patients with EoE with an overall prevalence of 28/100,000 persons. The prevalence was higher in males (RR=2.06; 95% CI=1.99-2.14), Caucasians (RR 5.08; 95% CI: 4.83-5.33) and adults aged between 18 and 65 (RR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.61-1.81), all with p 0.0001. […] In this large study, the estimated prevalence of EoE in US is 28/100,000, which is at the lower end of prevalence rates reported in US and other industrial countries. We established that EoE has a strong association with other allergic and GI disorders.

• #13 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  The first case of EoE was reported in 1977 in an adult patient; however, it was not until the 1990s that it came to be recognized as a distinct clinical entity. In 1993, Attwood et al reported the first case series of EoE in 12 adult patients and suggested that this is an entity distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Data from a 22-year population-based observational study in southwest Sweden revealed a significantly higher prevalence than previously reported, with 113 cases per 100,000 inhabitants overall (127 per 100,000 in adults and 57 per 100,000 in children). The incidence was approximately 7 per 100,000 and showed an increasing trend during the observation period. […] According to a 2025 study, the prevalence of EoE in the United States is approximately 1 in 700, with an annual economic impact of $1.3 billion. Epidemiologic data indicates that EoE causes 1-7 cases per 10,000 children. The condition is recognized as a significant pediatric health concern.

• #14 Eosinophilic esophagitis | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-018-0287-0

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic condition of the esophagus that has become increasingly recognized over the last 15 years. […] The epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of EoE are discussed in this review. […] Given the poor awareness and recognition of the disease in the past, the epidemiology of EoE is still unclear. Current prevalence estimates in North America and Europe range from 1 to 6 per 10,000 persons. Recent literature suggests that the prevalence of EoE is increasing. […] There are ethnic and gender variations in the prevalence of EoE, with the majority of cases reported in Caucasian males. EoE is predominant in socioeconomically developed countries, but has the highest prevalence in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia, compared with Japan and China. […] Evidence for ethnic variation is further supported by a recent Canadian study which found a paucity of East Asian (including Chinese and Japanese) pediatric patients, compared with white and South Asian patients, in the EoE cohort.

• #15 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  While previously believed to occur mainly in developed countries, evidence suggests variable incidence and prevalence rates globally. EoE affects both adults and children (with a bimodal peak in the pediatric age group and in those in the third decade of life) and shows a male predominance. Most patients are white men. A strong association exists with other atopic conditions (e.g., asthma, rhinitis, food allergies, eczema). […] An increased prevalence of EoE has been observed in patients with celiac disease. An inverse relationship has been reported between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal eosinophilia. Climate has been found to affect EoE prevalence. Hurrell et al reported that EoE is most prevalent in cold and arid zones. […] An interesting finding from a nationwide Swedish population cohort study indicates that individuals with EoE have an increased risk for esophageal cancer (adjusted HR = 25.20; 95% CI = 2.28-278.80) and Barrett’s esophagus (HR = 18.18; 95% CI = 6.75-48.95). However, there was no significant increase in the overall cancer risk (adjusted HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.80-1.53).

• #16

  https://www.asge.org/home/resources/key-resources/blog/view/practical-solutions/2023/10/04/case-13–eosinophilic-esophagitis

  The prevalence of EoE in the U.S. may vary by region (higher prevalence in the Northeast) and by setting (higher prevalence in urban areas compared with rural areas).1 In Olmsted County, Minnesota, the prevalence was estimated to be 55 per 100,000 in 2006.2 […] The incidence of EoE is rising in the U.S. A population-based study evaluated the incidence of EoE in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over 30 years. The incidence increased significantly during the last three of the five-year intervals examined, from 0.32 per 100,000 population between 1991 and 1995 to 9.45 per 100,000 between 2001 and 2005.2 […] EoE is more common in adult males compared with adult females. Symptoms may be present for up to 4.5 years prior to the diagnosis.1

• #17 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #18 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #19 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  While previously believed to occur mainly in developed countries, evidence suggests variable incidence and prevalence rates globally. EoE affects both adults and children (with a bimodal peak in the pediatric age group and in those in the third decade of life) and shows a male predominance. Most patients are white men. A strong association exists with other atopic conditions (e.g., asthma, rhinitis, food allergies, eczema). […] An increased prevalence of EoE has been observed in patients with celiac disease. An inverse relationship has been reported between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal eosinophilia. Climate has been found to affect EoE prevalence. Hurrell et al reported that EoE is most prevalent in cold and arid zones. […] An interesting finding from a nationwide Swedish population cohort study indicates that individuals with EoE have an increased risk for esophageal cancer (adjusted HR = 25.20; 95% CI = 2.28-278.80) and Barrett’s esophagus (HR = 18.18; 95% CI = 6.75-48.95). However, there was no significant increase in the overall cancer risk (adjusted HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.80-1.53).

• #20 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #21 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4019938/

  Great strides have been made in understanding the epidemiology of EoE over the past two decades. […] Research is now shifting to risk factor ascertainment, resulting in new and intriguing etiologic hypotheses. […] EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in Whites, and there is a strong association with atopic diseases. […] The prevalence is currently estimated at 0.51 in 1000, and EoE is now the most common cause of food impaction. […] The incidence of EoE is approximately 1/10,000 new cases per year, and the rise in incidence is outpacing increases in recognition and endoscopy volume. […] The clear result of these studies is that EoE is rapidly increasing both in incidence and in prevalence. […] The prevalence of EoE is rising substantially, and it is now the most common cause of food impaction in patients presenting to the emergency department, and is frequently encountered in the endoscopy suite. […] The reasons for this evolving epidemiology are not yet fully delineated, but possibilities include changes in food allergens, increasing aeroallergens and other environmental factors, the decrease of H. pylori and early life exposures that may affect the microbiome.

• #22 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  While previously believed to occur mainly in developed countries, evidence suggests variable incidence and prevalence rates globally. EoE affects both adults and children (with a bimodal peak in the pediatric age group and in those in the third decade of life) and shows a male predominance. Most patients are white men. A strong association exists with other atopic conditions (e.g., asthma, rhinitis, food allergies, eczema). […] An increased prevalence of EoE has been observed in patients with celiac disease. An inverse relationship has been reported between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal eosinophilia. Climate has been found to affect EoE prevalence. Hurrell et al reported that EoE is most prevalent in cold and arid zones. […] An interesting finding from a nationwide Swedish population cohort study indicates that individuals with EoE have an increased risk for esophageal cancer (adjusted HR = 25.20; 95% CI = 2.28-278.80) and Barrett’s esophagus (HR = 18.18; 95% CI = 6.75-48.95). However, there was no significant increase in the overall cancer risk (adjusted HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.80-1.53).

• #23 Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis.

  https://sonar.rero.ch/global/documents/149964

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergy-associated disease defined clinically by esophagus-related symptoms in combination with a dense esophageal eosinophilia, both of which are unresponsive to prolonged acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors. Over the last two decades EoE has increasingly been recognized in various geographical areas (mostly industrialized countries) with high socioeconomic development. The prevalence rate is increasing and reaches up to 50 patients per 100,000 inhabitants in some indicator regions. […] Whether this increased prevalence is due to a real increase in incidence, a result of increased awareness by health care providers or because of the nonfatal nature of EoE adding more and more cases to the patient pool is still a matter of controversy. Several studies have consistently demonstrated a male predominance in EoE, with a male-to-female risk ratio of 3:1. The average age at diagnosis ranges between 30 and 50 years and suggests that EoE is a disease of the middle-aged man.

• #24

  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2015/10001/epidemiology_of_eosinophilic_esophagitis_in_the.1621.aspx

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in adults and children and recent literature has shown increased prevalence rates. […] We sought to describe the epidemiology of EoE in the US, and identify associated disorders by using a large database. […] Of the 45,529,610 individuals in the database, we identified 12,770 patients with EoE with an overall prevalence of 28/100,000 persons. The prevalence was higher in males (RR=2.06; 95% CI=1.99-2.14), Caucasians (RR 5.08; 95% CI: 4.83-5.33) and adults aged between 18 and 65 (RR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.61-1.81), all with p 0.0001. […] In this large study, the estimated prevalence of EoE in US is 28/100,000, which is at the lower end of prevalence rates reported in US and other industrial countries. We established that EoE has a strong association with other allergic and GI disorders.

• #25 Eosinophilic esophagitis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Eosinophilic_esophagitis_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is approximately 10 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The prevalence of EoE is approximately 50-100 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. […] Patients of all age groups may develop EoE. […] EoE usually affects individuals of the white race. […] Males are more commonly affected by EoE than females. […] EoE is a rare disease that tends to affect people with a history of European ancestry.

• #26 Eosinophilic esophagitis | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-018-0287-0

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic condition of the esophagus that has become increasingly recognized over the last 15 years. […] The epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of EoE are discussed in this review. […] Given the poor awareness and recognition of the disease in the past, the epidemiology of EoE is still unclear. Current prevalence estimates in North America and Europe range from 1 to 6 per 10,000 persons. Recent literature suggests that the prevalence of EoE is increasing. […] There are ethnic and gender variations in the prevalence of EoE, with the majority of cases reported in Caucasian males. EoE is predominant in socioeconomically developed countries, but has the highest prevalence in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia, compared with Japan and China. […] Evidence for ethnic variation is further supported by a recent Canadian study which found a paucity of East Asian (including Chinese and Japanese) pediatric patients, compared with white and South Asian patients, in the EoE cohort.

• #27 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  While previously believed to occur mainly in developed countries, evidence suggests variable incidence and prevalence rates globally. EoE affects both adults and children (with a bimodal peak in the pediatric age group and in those in the third decade of life) and shows a male predominance. Most patients are white men. A strong association exists with other atopic conditions (e.g., asthma, rhinitis, food allergies, eczema). […] An increased prevalence of EoE has been observed in patients with celiac disease. An inverse relationship has been reported between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal eosinophilia. Climate has been found to affect EoE prevalence. Hurrell et al reported that EoE is most prevalent in cold and arid zones. […] An interesting finding from a nationwide Swedish population cohort study indicates that individuals with EoE have an increased risk for esophageal cancer (adjusted HR = 25.20; 95% CI = 2.28-278.80) and Barrett’s esophagus (HR = 18.18; 95% CI = 6.75-48.95). However, there was no significant increase in the overall cancer risk (adjusted HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.80-1.53).

• #28 Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis.

  https://sonar.rero.ch/global/documents/149964

  In both children and adults, EoE has been clearly associated with allergies to food and aeroallergens, and most EoE patients present with a personal allergic background (e.g. asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis or oral allergy syndrome). In conclusion, knowledge of epidemiologic parameters of EoE is crucial for identifying risk factors as well as pathogenic mechanisms, planning preventive measures and determining optimal treatment strategies.

• #29 Increasing Incidence Rates of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2009–2021 | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2023/05/01/Eosinophilic-Esophagitis

  Increasing Incidence Rates of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 20092021 […] The reported prevalence of EoE has been increasing worldwide, with a recent meta-analysis estimating 34.2 cases per 100,000 persons.5 Subgroup analysis of North American adults reveals similar rates, at 31.9 cases per 100,000 adults, with individual studies on U.S. adults ranging from 9.45 to 58.9 cases per 100,000.5 The incidence of EoE has been increasing over the past several decades, and while this phenomenon is at least partially due to increased awareness and interest in the condition, some studies report that the rate of EoE has disproportionately risen with the increased rate of biopsies during the same study periods, suggesting a true increase in EoE.6,7 […] EoE is more common in men, those of White race/ethnicity, and those with atopic disease.8 It can present at any age, but the majority of cases occur among children, adolescents, and adults under 50 years.8 Because the majority of the active component military is comprised of White men under 50 years, EoE may be an important contributor to the burden of disease in this population. This study examines the incidence of EoE among active component service members (ACSM) to characterize the disease impact on this population, and evaluate change in the incidence over the study period.

• #30 Increasing Incidence Rates of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2009–2021 | Health.mil

  https://health.mil/News/Articles/2023/05/01/Eosinophilic-Esophagitis

  Increasing Incidence Rates of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 20092021 […] The reported prevalence of EoE has been increasing worldwide, with a recent meta-analysis estimating 34.2 cases per 100,000 persons.5 Subgroup analysis of North American adults reveals similar rates, at 31.9 cases per 100,000 adults, with individual studies on U.S. adults ranging from 9.45 to 58.9 cases per 100,000.5 The incidence of EoE has been increasing over the past several decades, and while this phenomenon is at least partially due to increased awareness and interest in the condition, some studies report that the rate of EoE has disproportionately risen with the increased rate of biopsies during the same study periods, suggesting a true increase in EoE.6,7 […] The surveillance period covered January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2021. The surveillance population included all ACSM of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps.

• #31 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4019938/

  Great strides have been made in understanding the epidemiology of EoE over the past two decades. […] Research is now shifting to risk factor ascertainment, resulting in new and intriguing etiologic hypotheses. […] EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in Whites, and there is a strong association with atopic diseases. […] The prevalence is currently estimated at 0.51 in 1000, and EoE is now the most common cause of food impaction. […] The incidence of EoE is approximately 1/10,000 new cases per year, and the rise in incidence is outpacing increases in recognition and endoscopy volume. […] The clear result of these studies is that EoE is rapidly increasing both in incidence and in prevalence. […] The prevalence of EoE is rising substantially, and it is now the most common cause of food impaction in patients presenting to the emergency department, and is frequently encountered in the endoscopy suite. […] The reasons for this evolving epidemiology are not yet fully delineated, but possibilities include changes in food allergens, increasing aeroallergens and other environmental factors, the decrease of H. pylori and early life exposures that may affect the microbiome.

• #32 Eosinophilic esophagitis: current status and future directions | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-020-0770-4

  The exact reasons behind the increasing incidence and prevalence are largely unknown and cannot be solely explained by increased disease recognition. There is significant interest in unraveling these changes including epidemiological factors such as early life events, infectious processes, environmental agents, and dietary habits.

• #33 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  While previously believed to occur mainly in developed countries, evidence suggests variable incidence and prevalence rates globally. EoE affects both adults and children (with a bimodal peak in the pediatric age group and in those in the third decade of life) and shows a male predominance. Most patients are white men. A strong association exists with other atopic conditions (e.g., asthma, rhinitis, food allergies, eczema). […] An increased prevalence of EoE has been observed in patients with celiac disease. An inverse relationship has been reported between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal eosinophilia. Climate has been found to affect EoE prevalence. Hurrell et al reported that EoE is most prevalent in cold and arid zones. […] An interesting finding from a nationwide Swedish population cohort study indicates that individuals with EoE have an increased risk for esophageal cancer (adjusted HR = 25.20; 95% CI = 2.28-278.80) and Barrett’s esophagus (HR = 18.18; 95% CI = 6.75-48.95). However, there was no significant increase in the overall cancer risk (adjusted HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.80-1.53).

• #34 The Dynamic Evolution of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/3/240

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is increasingly recognized as a chronic, immune-mediated type 2 inflammatory condition of the esophagus marked by significant eosinophil infiltration. The prevalence of EoE has risen considerably over recent decades, with estimates suggesting that up to 1 in 2000 individuals in the United States may be affected, although figures vary globally. This increase likely reflects not only improved diagnostic awareness and criteria but also lifestyle and environmental changes that have enhanced allergen exposure. The rising prevalence may also be due to Westernized diets, poor water quality, and high particulate air pollution. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that EoE is significantly more common in males than females, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1, and is most frequently diagnosed in children and young adults, although it can affect individuals across all age groups. The global incidence and prevalence of EoE have increased significantly over the past decades, reflecting growing awareness, improved diagnostic capabilities, and potential shifts in environmental and lifestyle factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Hahn et al. encompassing data from 1976 to 2022 revealed that the global pooled incidence of EoE is 5.31 cases per 100,000 inhabitant-years, while its prevalence is 40.04 cases per 100,000 inhabitant-years. Higher rates of incidence and prevalence were observed in high-income countries, particularly in North America and Europe, compared to low- or middle-income countries. Notably, the prevalence has shown a marked upward trend, rising from 8.18 cases per 100,000 inhabitant-years during the period of 1976–2001 to 74.42 cases per 100,000 inhabitant-years between 2017 and 2022. Understanding these epidemiological trends and environmental tendencies is essential for identifying at-risk populations and tailoring prevention and intervention strategies accordingly.

• #35 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #36 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  While previously believed to occur mainly in developed countries, evidence suggests variable incidence and prevalence rates globally. EoE affects both adults and children (with a bimodal peak in the pediatric age group and in those in the third decade of life) and shows a male predominance. Most patients are white men. A strong association exists with other atopic conditions (e.g., asthma, rhinitis, food allergies, eczema). […] An increased prevalence of EoE has been observed in patients with celiac disease. An inverse relationship has been reported between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal eosinophilia. Climate has been found to affect EoE prevalence. Hurrell et al reported that EoE is most prevalent in cold and arid zones. […] An interesting finding from a nationwide Swedish population cohort study indicates that individuals with EoE have an increased risk for esophageal cancer (adjusted HR = 25.20; 95% CI = 2.28-278.80) and Barrett’s esophagus (HR = 18.18; 95% CI = 6.75-48.95). However, there was no significant increase in the overall cancer risk (adjusted HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.80-1.53).

• #37 Increasing Incidence Rates of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2009–2021 | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2023/05/01/Eosinophilic-Esophagitis

  The surveillance period covered January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2021. The surveillance population included all ACSM of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. […] The 7,592 incident cases of EoE among ACSM during the 2009 to 2021 surveillance period resulted in an overall incidence rate of 43.5 cases per 100,000 person years (p-yrs). […] Incidence rates steadily climbed throughout the surveillance period, from 21.2 cases per 100,000 in 2009 to 62.4 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2021 […] The results of this study show a steady increase in the incidence of EoE among ACSM between 2009 and 2021. […] The incidence of EoE among ACSM should continue to be monitored, as the rate did not appear to plateau during the surveillance period despite a reduction during the first 21 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, when medical care was less available for non-urgent conditions.

• #38 Increasing Incidence Rates of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2009–2021 | Health.mil

  https://health.mil/News/Articles/2023/05/01/Eosinophilic-Esophagitis

  The 7,592 incident cases of EoE among ACSM during the 2009 to 2021 surveillance period resulted in an overall incidence rate of 43.5 cases per 100,000 person years (p-yrs). […] Incidence rates steadily climbed throughout the surveillance period, from 21.2 cases per 100,000 in 2009 to 62.4 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2021 (Figure 1). […] The results of this study show a steady increase in the incidence of EoE among ACSM between 2009 and 2021. […] The incidence of EoE among ACSM should continue to be monitored, as the rate did not appear to plateau during the surveillance period despite a reduction during the first 21 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, when medical care was less available for non-urgent conditions.

• #39 Eosinophilic Esophagitis Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210428005493/en/Eosinophilic-Esophagitis-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  The report includes the prevalent scenario of EoE in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2018 to 2030. […] The total diagnosed prevalent population of EoE in the 7MM countries was estimated to be 547,924 cases in 2020. […] As per the estimates, the United States had the highest prevalent population of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in 2020. […] Among the EU5 countries, Germany had the highest prevalent population of EoE with 39,531 cases, followed by the France in 2020. […] On the other hand, Spain had the lowest prevalent population of 24,612 cases in 2020. […] The epidemiology segment also provides the EoE epidemiology data and findings across the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan.

• #40 Eosinophilic Esophagitis Market Insight, Epidemiology and

  https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/01/02/3003380/28124/en/Eosinophilic-Esophagitis-Market-Insight-Epidemiology-and-Market-Forecast-to-2034.html

  The Eosinophilic Esophagitis epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by the Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Gender-specific Cases of Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Age-specific Cases of Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Treated Cases of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in the 7MM covering the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2020 to 2034. […] In the 7MM, the US accounted for the highest diagnosed prevalent cases of eosinophilic esophagitis in 2023, with around 445,000 cases; these numbers are expected to increase during the forecast period. […] Eosinophilic Esophagitis predominantly affected males, with approximately 290,000 males diagnosed compared to 156,000 females in 2023 in the US. […] In the 7MM, individuals over the age of 18 were the most affected by Eosinophilic Esophagitis, with approximately 156,000 cases reported in 2023.

• #41 Role of endoscopy in eosinophilic esophagitis

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7903

  EoE has an increasing incidence and prevalence trend in Western countries. […] Although its prevalence and incidence in Asian countries remain poorly defined, several reports have been published in Korea. […] According to one study, a total of 25,271 endoscopic esophageal biopsies were performed at a tertiary care center, of which 72 demonstrated EoE after pathological and clinical review of each case. […] Although the number of esophageal biopsies appears to have increased only slightly from 2006 to 2016, the number of patients diagnosed with EoE appears to have significantly increased over the 12 years (p0.001). […] A multicenter study in Busan city and Gyeongsangnam-do province area also showed an increasing trend in EoE diagnosis. […] Moreover, the recent registration of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code for EoE in Korea warrants further validation of this trend based on a nationwide study like achalasia.

• #42 Role of endoscopy in eosinophilic esophagitis

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7903

  EoE has an increasing incidence and prevalence trend in Western countries. […] Although its prevalence and incidence in Asian countries remain poorly defined, several reports have been published in Korea. […] According to one study, a total of 25,271 endoscopic esophageal biopsies were performed at a tertiary care center, of which 72 demonstrated EoE after pathological and clinical review of each case. […] Although the number of esophageal biopsies appears to have increased only slightly from 2006 to 2016, the number of patients diagnosed with EoE appears to have significantly increased over the 12 years (p0.001). […] A multicenter study in Busan city and Gyeongsangnam-do province area also showed an increasing trend in EoE diagnosis. […] Moreover, the recent registration of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code for EoE in Korea warrants further validation of this trend based on a nationwide study like achalasia.

• #43 Role of endoscopy in eosinophilic esophagitis

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7903

  EoE has an increasing incidence and prevalence trend in Western countries. […] Although its prevalence and incidence in Asian countries remain poorly defined, several reports have been published in Korea. […] According to one study, a total of 25,271 endoscopic esophageal biopsies were performed at a tertiary care center, of which 72 demonstrated EoE after pathological and clinical review of each case. […] Although the number of esophageal biopsies appears to have increased only slightly from 2006 to 2016, the number of patients diagnosed with EoE appears to have significantly increased over the 12 years (p0.001). […] A multicenter study in Busan city and Gyeongsangnam-do province area also showed an increasing trend in EoE diagnosis. […] Moreover, the recent registration of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code for EoE in Korea warrants further validation of this trend based on a nationwide study like achalasia.

• #44 :: PGHN :: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition

  https://pghn.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5223/pghn.2020.23.3.231

  In East Asian countries, there are only a few epidemiologic studies of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and no studies in children. […] A meta-analysis showed the incidence and prevalence of EoE in population-based studies in children have increased to 5.1 and 19.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. […] To date, there is no epidemiological multicenter study of EoE in children in Asian countries. […] Therefore, this nationwide multicenter study was designed by the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (KSPGHAN) to evaluate the incidence of EoE and EGE involving the esophagus (EGEIE) in Korean children and analyze and compare the clinical features and endoscopic findings of EoE to those of Western countries. […] The incidence of EoE in Korean children was lower than that of Western countries, while the incidence of EGEIE was similar to EoE.

• #45 :: PGHN :: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition

  https://pghn.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5223/pghn.2020.23.3.231

  Our study shows a slightly higher incidence of EoE (1.5%) compared to the study in Japan; however, the incidence of pediatric EoE in the East was lower than in the West. […] The prevalence of EoE is also different between Western (higher incidence) and Eastern (lower incidence) countries. […] Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the etiological epidemiologic features. […] Our study is still meaningful since this multicenter study was the first study on pediatric EoE not only in South Korea but also East Asia.

• #46 Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis: A multicenter study on a pediatric population evaluated at thirty-six Latin American gastroenterology centers | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-prevalence-eosinophilic-esophagitis-a-multicenter-articulo-S2255534X18301427

  The majority of population studies conducted in the United States estimate a disease prevalence in the general population between 40 and 90 cases/100,000 inhabitants, and there has been a rapid increase in the number of cases described in recent years. […] Even though the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis is well known in Latin America and there have been numerous articles, systematic reviews, and epidemiologic studies on the theme, its prevalence in the pediatric population in the region has not yet been studied. […] Our results show a general prevalence rate in a group of 29,253 children evaluated at a total of 36 pediatric gastroenterology centers, within the time frame of April to June 2016, of 3.69 x 1,000 (range: 0.2-25.4 x 1,000). The prevalence of the disease was not regular and varied significantly between the different countries and centers.

• #47 Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis: A multicenter study on a pediatric population evaluated at thirty-six Latin American gastroenterology centers | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-prevalence-eosinophilic-esophagitis-a-multicenter-articulo-S2255534X18301427

  The estimated prevalence in the group of 4,152 patients that underwent endoscopy was at least 6-times higher: 26 x 1,000 (range: 2.6-82.3 x 1,000). Our results concur with those described in other case series, in which prevalence is higher in patients that underwent endoscopy, compared with the general population, and even higher in patients evaluated through endoscopy performed for dysphagia. […] In conclusion, the general period prevalence rate of eosinophilic esophagitis in a cohort of Latin American pediatric patients was 3.69 x 1,000 and was at least 6-times higher (26 x 1,000) in the children that underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any reason or medical indication. Important differences were found between the different countries and centers that participated in the study, most likely due to sociodemographic factors influencing the clinical expression of the disease and to the unequal development of pediatric endoscopy in the different countries.

• #48 Eosinophilic esophagitis: Current concepts of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-eosinophilic-esophagitis-current-concepts-pathophysiology-articulo-S2255534X25000143

  Prevalence in Mexico and Latin America is lower than that described in the abovementioned regions. In addition, studies conducted in the United States reported a significantly lower prevalence of EoE in Hispanics than in Whites. In Mexico and Brazil, the reported prevalence in patients with upper endoscopy due to esophageal symptoms was 1 and 1.7%, respectively. In other studies conducted in Mexico, prevalence was 4% in patients with refractory GERD symptoms and 11% in patients with food impaction, figures significantly lower than those reported in other countries. […] The factors involved in the low prevalence of EoE in Mexico and Latin America are not known. Genetic, environmental, sociocultural, and economic factors have been proposed and are discussed herein.

• #49 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4019938/

  Great strides have been made in understanding the epidemiology of EoE over the past two decades. […] Research is now shifting to risk factor ascertainment, resulting in new and intriguing etiologic hypotheses. […] EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in Whites, and there is a strong association with atopic diseases. […] The prevalence is currently estimated at 0.51 in 1000, and EoE is now the most common cause of food impaction. […] The incidence of EoE is approximately 1/10,000 new cases per year, and the rise in incidence is outpacing increases in recognition and endoscopy volume. […] The clear result of these studies is that EoE is rapidly increasing both in incidence and in prevalence. […] The prevalence of EoE is rising substantially, and it is now the most common cause of food impaction in patients presenting to the emergency department, and is frequently encountered in the endoscopy suite. […] The reasons for this evolving epidemiology are not yet fully delineated, but possibilities include changes in food allergens, increasing aeroallergens and other environmental factors, the decrease of H. pylori and early life exposures that may affect the microbiome.

• #50 Eosinophilic esophagitis: current status and future directions | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-020-0770-4

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory condition characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation (15 eosinophils per high-power field) of the esophageal mucosa diagnosed after exclusion of other causes of esophageal eosinophilia. […] Until a couple of decades ago, EoE was considered an uncommon entity but has now emerged as a common cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract morbidity in both children and adults. A large meta-analysis estimated incidence and prevalence rates in children of 5.1 cases/100,000 persons/year and 19.1 cases/100,000 persons, respectively. EoE is diagnosed in 26.5% of patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for any indication and this increases to 12-22% if dysphagia is the indication. While EoE can affect patients of all age groups, it has bimodal peak with most cases in either pediatric age group or the third decade of life. EoE is more common in Caucasian males and has a strong association with concomitant atopic conditions such as asthma, eczema, rhinitis, and food allergies.

• #51 British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) joint consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults | Gut

  https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/8/1459

  Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly common cause of dysphagia in both children and adults, as well as one of the most prevalent oesophageal diseases with a significant impact on physical health and quality of life. […] Eosinophilic oesophagitis is increasing in prevalence in both adults and children. […] Eosinophilic oesophagitis is more common in men than women and in people of white ethnic origin compared with other ethnic groups. Having an affected first-degree relative increases the risk of eosinophilic oesophagitis. The incidence rises during adolescence and peaks in early adulthood. […] Eosinophilic oesophagitis is the most common cause of spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus, and this can occur at any age from children to adults.

• #52 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

• #53 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

• #54 Examining Unmet Needs in the Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/examining-unmet-needs-in-the-management-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis

  EoE can develop at any age, and is more common in males and in Whites, and is strongly associated with atopic diseases. A 2019 systematic review of 24 studies conducted in various locations (United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, South America) found that the overall prevalence of EoE was 34.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI, 23.1-47.5; I2 = 99.9%), and that disease prevalence has been increasing over time. In the United States and Canada, EoE was estimated to occur in 41 (95% CI, 25.7-59.9; I2 = 99.7%) per 100,000 individuals. Although the overall prevalence was found to be higher in adults than children (42.2 [95% CI, 31.1-55; I2 = 99.9%] vs 34.4 [95% CI, 22.3-49.2; I2 = 99.8%]), in the United States and Canada, specifically, the disease was found to impact both groups similarly (31.9 [95% CI, 21.5-44.3; I2 = 100%] vs 38.3 [95% CI, 23.7-6.4]; I2 = 99.9%). […] Despite the availability of treatment options, the clinical needs of patients with EoE remain largely unmet.

• #55 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Pathology: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview

  While previously believed to occur mainly in developed countries, evidence suggests variable incidence and prevalence rates globally. EoE affects both adults and children (with a bimodal peak in the pediatric age group and in those in the third decade of life) and shows a male predominance. Most patients are white men. A strong association exists with other atopic conditions (e.g., asthma, rhinitis, food allergies, eczema). […] An increased prevalence of EoE has been observed in patients with celiac disease. An inverse relationship has been reported between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal eosinophilia. Climate has been found to affect EoE prevalence. Hurrell et al reported that EoE is most prevalent in cold and arid zones. […] An interesting finding from a nationwide Swedish population cohort study indicates that individuals with EoE have an increased risk for esophageal cancer (adjusted HR = 25.20; 95% CI = 2.28-278.80) and Barrett’s esophagus (HR = 18.18; 95% CI = 6.75-48.95). However, there was no significant increase in the overall cancer risk (adjusted HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.80-1.53).

• #56

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11938-023-00428-y

  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy represents a cornerstone not only in the diagnosis of EoE, but also in the follow-up. […] Endoscopy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of EoE. […] The assessment of endoscopic activity by the EREFS score has been widely used in randomized placebo-controlled trials for EoE. […] Endoscopic surveillance for esophageal neoplasia is not recommended by guidelines in patients with EoE. […] Evidence from a large cross-sectional population-based study showed no association between esophageal cancer and EoE. […] Despite the need for larger prospective long-term studies, there is currently no evidence that EoE may represent an esophageal pre-malignant condition, and routine surveillance endoscopies for that purpose are not recommended.

• #57

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11938-023-00428-y

  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy represents a cornerstone not only in the diagnosis of EoE, but also in the follow-up. […] Endoscopy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of EoE. […] The assessment of endoscopic activity by the EREFS score has been widely used in randomized placebo-controlled trials for EoE. […] Endoscopic surveillance for esophageal neoplasia is not recommended by guidelines in patients with EoE. […] Evidence from a large cross-sectional population-based study showed no association between esophageal cancer and EoE. […] Despite the need for larger prospective long-term studies, there is currently no evidence that EoE may represent an esophageal pre-malignant condition, and routine surveillance endoscopies for that purpose are not recommended.

• #58 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis/

  In this article, the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is reviewed. Demographic features and natural history are described, the prevalence and incidence of EoE are highlighted, and risk factors for EoE are discussed. EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in whites, and there is a strong association with atopic diseases. EoE is chronic, relapses are frequent, and persistent inflammation increases the risk of fibrostenotic complications. The prevalence is currently estimated at 0.51 in 1000, and EoE is now the most common cause of food impaction. The incidence of EoE is approximately 1/10,000 new cases per year, and the increase in incidence is outpacing increases in recognition and endoscopy volume, but the reasons for this evolving epidemiology are not yet fully delineated.

• #59 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis/

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) affects patients of all ages, is more commonly seen in males, and whites, and is strongly associated with atopy. […] The prevalence of EoE is 0.5 to 1 cases/1000 persons. […] The incidence of EoE is approximately 10 cases/10,000 persons per year. […] The clear result of these studies is that EoE is rapidly increasing both in incidence and in prevalence. […] Studies are consistent in showing that the incidence of EoE has been increasing rapidly. In a report from Hamilton County, Ohio, the incidence of EoE was noted to increase from 9 to 12.8/100,000 over a 3-year period. In a report from Olmstead County, Minnesota, no EoE cases were seen before 1990, but the incidence increased from 0.35 to 9.5/100,000 over a 15-year period. Similar increases have been reported in Switzerland (1.27.4/100,000 over a 20-year period) and in the Netherlands (0.011.3/100,000 over 14 years). This increasing incidence has also been reflected in temporal trends in the relative prevalence of dysphagia causes, with EoE becoming a more frequent cause of dysphagia over time. […] Although these marked changes in EoE incidence account for its increasing prevalence, they also beg the question of why the incidence is itself increasing.

• #60 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

• #61 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

• #62 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis – SEARCH

  https://primo.qatar-weill.cornell.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5794619/974WCMCIQ_INST:VU1

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000. […] Ultimately, prospective, long-term outcome studies focusing on multiple aspects of disease activity are needed to fully understand the natural history of EoE.

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