Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Eating Disorders: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders

  Eating disorders are serious illnesses marked by severe disturbances to ones eating behaviors. These may be signs of an eating disorder. Eating disorders can adversely affect a persons physical and mental health, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. People with anorexia nervosa severely avoid or restrict food intake due to a distorted self-image or an intense fear of gaining weight. Over time, anorexia nervosa can lead to numerous serious health consequences, including extremely restricted eating, intense and excessive exercise, extreme thinness (emaciation), a relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image or self-image, and denial of the seriousness of low body weight. Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. It has an extremely high death rate compared with other mental disorders. Over time, binge eating can lead to serious health consequences, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, sleep problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Over time, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health consequences, including chronically inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth, acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems, intestinal distress and irritation, severe dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. Over time, ARFID can lead to serious health consequences, including unhealthy weight loss, malnutrition, and changes to physical growth. People with eating disorders are at risk for co-occurring mental illnesses, which most often include depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

• #2 Eating Disorders | NAMI

  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/

  When you become so preoccupied with food and weight issues that you find it harder and harder to focus on other aspects of your life, it may be an early sign of an eating disorder. Without treatment, eating disorders can take over a person’s life and lead to serious, potentially fatal medical complications. Eating disorders can affect people of any age or gender, but rates are higher among women. Symptoms commonly appear in adolescence and young adulthood. […] Eating disorders are a group of related conditions that cause serious emotional and physical problems. Each condition involves extreme food and weight issues; however, each has unique symptoms that separate it from the others. […] Anorexia Nervosa. People with anorexia will deny themselves food to the point of self-starvation as they obsess about weight loss. With anorexia, a person will deny hunger and refuse to eat, practice binge eating and purging behaviors or exercise to the point of exhaustion as they attempt to limit, eliminate or “burn” calories.

• #3 Eating disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_disorder

  A prominent feature of bulimia is dissatisfaction with body shape. […] Symptoms and long-term effects include anorexia symptoms which include the increasing chance of getting osteoporosis. […] Bulimia symptoms include heart problems like an irregular heartbeat that can lead to heart failure and death may occur. […] Binge eating symptoms include high blood pressure, which can cause heart disease if it is not treated. […] Eating disorders result in about 7,000 deaths a year as of 2010, making them the mental illnesses with the highest mortality rate. […] Anorexia has a risk of death that is increased about 5 fold with 20% of these deaths as a result of suicide. […] Rates of death in bulimia and other disorders are similar at about a 2 fold increase. […] The mortality rate for those with anorexia is 5.4 per 1000 individuals per year. […] An individual who is in remission from BN and EDNOS (Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified) is at a high risk of falling back into the habit of self-harm.

• #4 Learn the Signs and Symptoms of Eating Disorders | Alsana®

  https://www.alsana.com/eating-disorder-signs-and-symptoms/

  No one chooses to have an eating disorder. […] Eating disorders have some of the highest mortality rates of all mental illnesses. […] People with eating disorders tend to experience symptoms for an average of six years before ever seeking treatment. […] Individuals with eating disorders tend to experience eating disorder symptoms for an average of six years before seeking help, and only one in ten people with an eating disorder seek and receive treatment at all. […] These statistics are disheartening, but recovery is possible even probable for individuals who recognize the signs and symptoms of eating disorders and seek the help they need as soon as possible.

• #5 Eating disorders: Symptoms, types, risks, and ways to seek helpmenu iconsearch iconsubscribe iconsearch iconarrow up right icon

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/eating-disorders-symptoms-types-risks-and-ways-to-seek-help/2023/02

  Chances are you’ve known someone with an eating disorder, whether you were aware or not. About 1 in 10 people in the U.S. has an eating disorder, and since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, those numbers have increased. The National Eating Disorders Association estimates nearly 29 million Americans will suffer from an eating disorder at some point in their lives. […] Eating disorders are serious, life-threatening conditions. If not properly treated, eating disorders can lead to major short- and long-term complications. People can develop eating disorders because of genetic, physical, mental, and social factors. […] There is a spectrum of eating disorders. This means that a person with one type of eating disorder behavior can evolve or change to other eating disorder behaviors over time. Signs and symptoms of an eating disorder include: Introduction of strict “healthier” dietary changes to lose weight. This could include switching to vegetarian, vegan, or low-fat diets that result in a large decrease in nutritional intake.

• #6 Eating disorders: Symptoms, types, risks, and ways to seek helpmenu iconsearch iconsubscribe iconsearch iconarrow up right icon

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/eating-disorders-symptoms-types-risks-and-ways-to-seek-help/2023/02

  Historically, about 10% of the general population suffers from some type of eating disorder over their lifetime. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals across the country saw a large uptick in the number of patients with eating disorders. […] Eating disorders are best addressed, diagnosed, and treated by medical professionals experienced with these conditions.

• #7 Eating Disorders and Males

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/eating-disorders-explained/eating-disorders-in-males

  Eating disorders are serious, complex mental illnesses accompanied by physical and mental health complications which may be severe and life threatening. They are characterised by disturbances in behaviours, thoughts and feelings towards body weight and shape, and/or food and eating. […] Eating disorders are diagnosed based on associated symptoms and behaviours, how often these occur, and how long they have occurred for. […] Any person, at any stage of their life, can experience an eating disorder. […] Emerging research suggests that people who identify as trans, gender non-binary or gender diverse are at two to four times greater risk of eating disorder symptoms or disordered eating behaviours than their cisgender counterparts. […] It is estimated that one third of people reporting eating disorder behaviours in the community are male.

• #8 Eating Disorders and Males

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/eating-disorders-explained/eating-disorders-in-males

  Males account for approximately 20% of people with anorexia nervosa, 30% of people with bulimia nervosa, 43% of people with binge eating disorder, 55-77% of people with other specified feeding or eating disorder and 67% of people with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. […] The prevalence of males living with an eating disorder may be much higher and under-reporting may be related to underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis and the stigma associated with eating disorders. […] Warning signs of an eating disorder can be physical, psychological and behavioural. […] Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviours in males may present differently than females, particularly with muscularity-oriented disordered eating. […] It is possible for someone living with an eating disorder to display a combination of symptoms, or no obvious symptoms.

• #9 Anorexia nervosa – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorexia-nervosa/symptoms-causes/syc-20353591

  Anorexia nervosa, often simply called anorexia, is a treatable eating disorder in which people have a low body weight based on personal weight history. […] People who have anorexia often have a strong fear of gaining weight and may think they’re overweight, even when they’re thin. […] Anorexia can cause changes in the brain due to very poor nutrition, also called malnutrition. […] If left untreated, weight loss can get to a point where people with anorexia are at high risk of serious physical harm or death. […] Anorexia, like other eating disorders, can take over people’s lives and be very hard to overcome. […] The physical and behavioral symptoms of anorexia nervosa relate to how starvation affects the brain. […] Physical symptoms of anorexia nervosa may include irregular heart rhythms, low blood pressure and dehydration.

• #10 Types of eating disorder: Do I have one?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326266

  An eating disorder is a term that covers a range of conditions involving abnormal or disrupted eating. This may involve over or undereating or eating nonfood items. […] The characteristics of bulimia include the following thoughts, feelings, and behaviors: an obsession with body weight and size, repeat binging episodes that accompany a sense of loss of control, purging episodes to prevent weight gain, a general fear of gaining weight. […] Typical signs and symptoms of anorexia include: very restricted eating habits, being underweight compared with others of a similar height and age, a fear of gaining weight, even when already underweight, an obsession with being thinner, a distorted view of the body, basing self-esteem on body weight or shape, the avoidance of eating in public or with others, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, in some people.

• #11 Signs of Eating Disorders: Types and Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/signs-of-eating-disorders

  About one-third to one-half of people with anorexia also binge and purge by vomiting or taking a lot of laxatives. […] The signs of anorexia can be subtle at first because it develops slowly. It may begin as an interest in dieting before an event such as a school dance or beach vacation. But as the disorder progresses, their obsession with weight intensifies. […] Anorexia has two subtypes, each with its own set of symptoms. […] People with binge eating disorder have frequent episodes where they binge on large quantities of food. […] Like those with bulimia, they often feel out of control during these episodes and later feel guilt and shame about it. […] They have trouble stopping the bingeing cycle. […] People with ARFID avoid certain foods and limit how much they eat. […] The goal is not to lose weight, and they don’t have a distorted body image. Instead, they’re afraid or not interested in eating.

• #12 Eating Disorders: 6 Types and Their Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/common-eating-disorders

  Although different types of eating disorders have distinct symptoms, each condition involves an extreme focus on issues related to food and eating, and some involve an extreme focus on weight. […] Anorexia often involves: severely restricted calorie intake, which may include avoiding certain types of foods; intense fear of gaining weight; distorted body image. […] Over time, people living with anorexia may experience brittle hair and nails, thinning bones, and infertility. In severe cases, anorexia can result in heart, brain, or multi-organ failure and death. […] People with bulimia often eat large amounts of food in a limited period of time. A binge eating episode usually continues until they become painfully full. […] Symptoms may appear very similar to those of the binge eating or purging subtypes of anorexia nervosa.

• #13 Binge eating disorder (BED) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/binge-eating-disorder

  Binge eating disorder (BED) is a serious mental health condition. […] People with binge eating disorder regularly eat large quantities of food in a short timeframe. They feel a loss of control when overeating. […] Understanding the warning signs and symptoms, and seeking help as soon as possible, will help your recovery. […] The two key features of binge eating disorder are: Recurrent binge eating episodes, in which a person eats a large amount of food in a relatively short period of time. […] Feeling a sense of loss of control while in engaging in binge eating and not feeling able to stop eating, even if uncomfortably full. […] These episodes occur frequently, involve portions of food larger than would be considered normal periods of overeating, and are often accompanied by feelings of intense shame and guilt.

• #14 Binge eating disorder (BED) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/binge-eating-disorder

  Physical signs and symptoms of binge eating disorder include: feeling tired, not sleeping well, feeling bloated, constipated, or developing food intolerances, changes in weight, gastrointestinal issues, cardiovascular issues. […] Psychological signs and symptoms of binge eating disorder can include: preoccupation with eating, food or body shape or weight, body dissatisfaction or concern about size, shape or weight, sensitivity to comments about food, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and self-loathing, especially after a binge eating episode, feelings of extreme distress, sadness and anxiety, especially after a binge eating episode, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or irritability. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of binge eating disorder can include: periods of uncontrolled, impulsive or continuous eating, eating until uncomfortably full and feeling unable to stop, eating alone or in secret, secretive behaviours around food, unexplained disappearance of food, hiding or hoarding food, evading questions about eating and weight, avoiding social situations or becoming more socially withdrawn, spending large amounts of money on food, or shoplifting food, self-harming behaviour, use of substances and suicidality. […] Untreated and ongoing binge eating disorder can result in many physical and mental health problems. These include: cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and/or high cholesterol, arthritis, social isolation and loneliness, depression or anxiety.

• #15 Types of Eating Disorders in Children & Adolescents | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/eating-disorders-in-children-adolescents/types

  In avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, a person is unable to or refuses to eat certain foods based on texture, color, taste, temperature, or aroma. […] People with binge eating disorder eat unusually large amounts of food often and in secret but do not attempt to get rid of calories once the food is consumed. […] Binge eating disorder often has no physical symptoms, but it has psychological symptoms that may or may not be apparent to others, such as depression, anxiety, or shame or guilt over the amount of food eaten.

• #16 Types of Eating Disorders: Symptoms, Causes and Effects

  https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/health/types-of-eating-disorders

  The most common symptoms of binge eating disorder include: Eating even when full or not hungry, Eating alone or in secret to avoid embarrassment, Eating unusually large quantities of food in a specific period of time, Eating much more rapidly than normal, Eating until uncomfortably full, Feeling disgusted or ashamed of oneself or feeling guilty after eating, A feeling of a lack of control when it comes to food and eating. […] The most common symptoms of orthorexia include: An increased concern about the health of the ingredients of food, Compulsively checking the list of ingredients and nutrition labels, Cutting out multiple food groups (all sugar, all carbs, all meat, all animal products, all dairy, etc.), A refusal and inability to eat anything except a narrow group of foods deemed healthy or pure, Spending hours a day thinking and worrying about what foods may be served at an upcoming function or meal. […] The most common symptoms of rumination disorder include: Repeated regurgitation of food; the food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out, The regurgitation is voluntary and is not due to any medical conditions, Weight loss, Tooth decay and bad breath, Frequent stomach aches.

• #17 Comprehensive Guide to OSFED: Symptoms and Care – CFD

  https://centerfordiscovery.com/conditions/osfed/

  Individuals with OSFED may present with disturbed eating habits, a distorted body image, overvaluation of body shape and weight, or an intense fear of gaining weight. […] Individuals with OSFED all share the common trait of having disordered thoughts and behaviors about food and eating. Here are a few of the warning signs of OSFED: Preoccupation with food and eating, Preoccupation with body shape or weight, Extreme body dissatisfaction, Having a distorted body image, Heightened anxiety and/or irritability around mealtimes, Depression, anxiety or irritability, Low self-esteem and feelings of shame, self-loathing, or guilt, Refuses to eat certain categories of foods. […] A common misconception about OSFED is that it’s not severe, and some believe that people with OSFED do not need treatment. Delaying treatment can result in developing co-occurring disorders or worsening the severity of the current disorder, and people with OSFED need treatment just as much as those with any other eating disorder.

• #18 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Common Signs and Symptoms of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Although weight loss is not always present in ARFID, dramatic weight loss or faltering growth can signal restrictive eating. […] Limited range of preferred foods that becomes narrower over time (i.e., picky eating that progressively worsens). […] Fears of choking or vomiting. […] No body image disturbance or fear of weight gain. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED): Because OSFED encompasses a wide variety of eating disordered behaviors, any or all of the following symptoms may be present in people with OSFED. […] After episodes of binge eating, frequently engages in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic/laxative use, fasting/restricting, excessive exercise or manipulation of insulin dosage.

• #19 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Recognizing the warning signs and symptoms of an eating disorder and seeking help early can greatly improve the chances of recovery. […] Someone struggling with an eating disorder generally won’t have all of these signs and symptoms at once, and the warning signs vary across eating disorders and don’t always fit into neat categories. […] Emotional and Behavioral Signs and Symptoms: Preoccupation with weight loss, food, calories, and dieting. […] Refuses to eat certain foods, and often eliminates whole food groups (carbohydrates, fats, etc.). […] Makes excuses to avoid mealtimes or situations involving food. […] Develops food rituals (e.g., eating foods in certain orders, excessive chewing, rearranging food on a plate). […] Withdraws from friends and previously pleasurable activities and becomes more isolated and secretive.

• #20 ED Warning Signs: Early Detection | The Emily Program

  https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/warning-signs/

  Eating disorders affect a person physically, behaviorally, emotionally, and psychologically. Prominent signs of an eating disorder include: […] Dramatic weight gain or loss – Significant and noticeable changes in body weight can be a key indicator of eating disorders or underlying health or emotional issues. […] Rapid or persistent decline or increase in food intake – Sudden changes or ongoing patterns in the amount of food consumed can potentially be a signal of disordered eating habits. […] Purging, restricting, binge eating, or compulsive eating – Behaviors such as vomiting after eating, severely limiting food intake, eating large amounts in a short time, or feeling compelled to eat can be symptoms of eating disorders. […] Medical complications – Various physical health issues can arise from disordered eating, affecting multiple body systems and potentially leading to severe and life-threatening conditions, which are significant symptoms of eating disorders.

• #21 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Extreme concern with body size and shape. […] Frequent checking in the mirror for perceived flaws in appearance. […] Extreme mood swings. […] Physical Signs and Symptoms: Noticeable fluctuations in weight, both up and down. […] Stomach cramps, other non-specific gastrointestinal complaints (constipation, acid reflux, etc.). […] Menstrual irregularities primary or secondary amenorrhea (not starting the menstrual cycle or the loss of the menstrual cycle) or only experiencing a period when taking hormonal supplements. […] Difficulties concentrating. […] Abnormal laboratory findings (anemia, low thyroid and hormone levels, low potassium, low white and red blood cell counts) though some people with eating disorders do not have any laboratory abnormalities. […] Dizziness, especially upon standing.

• #22 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Fainting/syncope. […] Feeling cold all the time. […] Sleep problems. […] Cuts and calluses across the top of finger joints (a result of inducing vomiting). […] Dental problems. […] Dry skin and hair, and brittle nails. […] Fine hair on body (lanugo). […] Muscle weakness. […] Yellow skin (in context of eating large amounts of carrots). […] Cold, mottled hands and feet or swelling of feet. […] Poor wound healing. […] Impaired immune functioning. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa: Dramatic weight loss. […] Dresses in layers to hide weight loss or stay warm. […] Is preoccupied with weight, food, calories, fat grams, and dieting. […] Makes frequent comments about feeling fat. […] Has difficulties maintaining an appropriate body weight for height, age, and stature.

• #23 ED Warning Signs: Early Detection | The Emily Program

  https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/warning-signs/

  Eating disorders affect a person physically, behaviorally, emotionally, and psychologically. Prominent signs of an eating disorder include: […] Dramatic weight gain or loss – Significant and noticeable changes in body weight can be a key indicator of eating disorders or underlying health or emotional issues. […] Rapid or persistent decline or increase in food intake – Sudden changes or ongoing patterns in the amount of food consumed can potentially be a signal of disordered eating habits. […] Purging, restricting, binge eating, or compulsive eating – Behaviors such as vomiting after eating, severely limiting food intake, eating large amounts in a short time, or feeling compelled to eat can be symptoms of eating disorders. […] Medical complications – Various physical health issues can arise from disordered eating, affecting multiple body systems and potentially leading to severe and life-threatening conditions, which are significant symptoms of eating disorders.

• #24 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Fainting/syncope. […] Feeling cold all the time. […] Sleep problems. […] Cuts and calluses across the top of finger joints (a result of inducing vomiting). […] Dental problems. […] Dry skin and hair, and brittle nails. […] Fine hair on body (lanugo). […] Muscle weakness. […] Yellow skin (in context of eating large amounts of carrots). […] Cold, mottled hands and feet or swelling of feet. […] Poor wound healing. […] Impaired immune functioning. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa: Dramatic weight loss. […] Dresses in layers to hide weight loss or stay warm. […] Is preoccupied with weight, food, calories, fat grams, and dieting. […] Makes frequent comments about feeling fat. […] Has difficulties maintaining an appropriate body weight for height, age, and stature.

• #25 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Maintains an excessive, rigid exercise regime despite weather, fatigue, illness, or injury. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa: Engages in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] After episodes of binge eating, frequently engages in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic/laxative use, fasting/restricting, excessive exercise or manipulation of insulin dosage. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder: Engages in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] Feels lack of control over ability to stop eating. […] Experiences shame, guilt and despair after binge-eating episodes. […] Disruption in normal eating behaviors, including eating throughout the day with no planned mealtimes; skipping meals or taking small portions of food at regular meals; engaging in sporadic fasting or repetitive dieting.

• #26 Anorexia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/anorexia-nervosa

  Anorexia nervosa is a psychological illness that has serious physical, emotional and social consequences. […] Anorexia nervosa commonly develops during adolescence. […] People who develop anorexia nervosa commonly have an unhealthy focus on food, weight or body shape, leading to significant weight loss and malnourishment. […] An awareness of the signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa can help early detection and treatment. Treatment is more effective if it begins early, but you can start recovery at any stage of an eating disorder. […] Physical signs and symptoms may include considerable weight loss, in a short period of time. […] Psychological signs and symptoms may include fear of gaining weight or ongoing behaviour that prevents weight gain. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms may include dieting behaviour, dieting, counting kilojoules, reporting new food allergies and avoiding food groups that were once enjoyed. […] Untreated and ongoing anorexia nervosa can cause problems including weakened bones (osteoporosis), slowed growth (in young people), infertility, gastrointestinal issues, problems with concentration and thinking, problems with decision-making, social, emotional and educational problems.

• #27 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Maintains an excessive, rigid exercise regime despite weather, fatigue, illness, or injury. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa: Engages in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] After episodes of binge eating, frequently engages in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic/laxative use, fasting/restricting, excessive exercise or manipulation of insulin dosage. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder: Engages in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] Feels lack of control over ability to stop eating. […] Experiences shame, guilt and despair after binge-eating episodes. […] Disruption in normal eating behaviors, including eating throughout the day with no planned mealtimes; skipping meals or taking small portions of food at regular meals; engaging in sporadic fasting or repetitive dieting.

• #28 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is a type of eating disorder in which a person regularly eats excessive amounts of food and then attempts to eliminate the consequences. […] Bulimia nervosa is one type of eating disorder in which a person regularly eats excessive amounts of food (binge eats) and then attempts to eliminate (purge) the consequences of overeating by vomiting, taking laxatives or diuretics, fasting or exercising excessively. […] Because bulimia is a serious illness that can lead to dangerous, life-threatening health complications, it is very important to take any warning signs or symptoms of the disorder seriously. […] It can be hard to tell if a child has bulimia. This is because people with the disorder are often at a healthy weight and binge and purge when family and friends are not around.

• #29 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  However, it may be possible to find signs of a binge and purge episode. Large amounts of food missing from the kitchen, several empty food containers or wrappers found in unexpected places, boxes of laxatives or diuretics, or the smell of vomit are all signs. […] A child with bulimia may: […] Have a distorted body image and low self-esteem. […] Other signs and symptoms of bulimia include: […] Swollen salivary glands […] Cut or callused knuckles from self-induced vomiting […] Tooth enamel erosion from contact with stomach acid during self-induced vomiting […] Gastrointestinal problems such as stomach cramps, acid reflux and constipation. […] Substance abuse, impulsivity and self-harm are also common in people with bulimia. […] Proper treatment for bulimia requires professional help from a multidisciplinary team of specialists.

• #30 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Maintains an excessive, rigid exercise regime despite weather, fatigue, illness, or injury. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa: Engages in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] After episodes of binge eating, frequently engages in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic/laxative use, fasting/restricting, excessive exercise or manipulation of insulin dosage. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder: Engages in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] Feels lack of control over ability to stop eating. […] Experiences shame, guilt and despair after binge-eating episodes. […] Disruption in normal eating behaviors, including eating throughout the day with no planned mealtimes; skipping meals or taking small portions of food at regular meals; engaging in sporadic fasting or repetitive dieting.

• #31 Eating Disorders | NAMI

  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/

  Binge Eating Disorder (BED). A person with BED losses control over their eating and eats a very large amount of food in a short period of time. They may also eat large amounts of food even when he isn’t hungry or after he is uncomfortably full. This causes them to feel embarrassed, disgusted, depressed or guilty about their behavior. A person with BED, after an episode of binge eating, does not attempt to purge or exercise excessively like someone living with anorexia or bulimia would. A person with binge eating disorder may be normal weight, overweight or obese. […] Eating disorders are very complex conditions, and scientists are still learning about the causes. Although eating disorders all have food and weight issues in common, most experts now believe that eating disorders are caused by people attempting to cope with overwhelming feelings and painful emotions by controlling food. Unfortunately, this will eventually damage a person’s physical and emotional health, self-esteem and sense of control.

• #32 Binge eating disorder

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

  Binge eating disorder is the most common type of eating disorder in the United States. People with binge eating disorder often feel out of control and eat a large amount of food at one time (called a binge). […] Binge eating disorder means you have at least three of these symptoms while binging: Eating faster than normal, Eating until uncomfortably full, Eating large amounts of food when not hungry, Eating alone because of embarrassment, Feeling disgusted, depressed, or guilty afterward. […] Many, but not all, women with binge eating disorder are overweight or obese. Obesity raises your risk for many serious health problems. […] People with binge eating disorder often have other serious mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, or problems with substance use. These problems can seriously affect a woman’s everyday life and can be treated. […] Most girls and women do get better with treatment and are able to eat in healthy ways again. Some may get better after the first treatment. Others get well but may relapse and need treatment again.

• #33 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Common Signs and Symptoms of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Although weight loss is not always present in ARFID, dramatic weight loss or faltering growth can signal restrictive eating. […] Limited range of preferred foods that becomes narrower over time (i.e., picky eating that progressively worsens). […] Fears of choking or vomiting. […] No body image disturbance or fear of weight gain. […] Common Signs and Symptoms of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED): Because OSFED encompasses a wide variety of eating disordered behaviors, any or all of the following symptoms may be present in people with OSFED. […] After episodes of binge eating, frequently engages in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic/laxative use, fasting/restricting, excessive exercise or manipulation of insulin dosage.

• #34 Eating disorders in boys – Children’s Health Psychiatry

  https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/eating-disorders-and-boys

  People with eating disorders have unhealthy thoughts and behaviors around their food or body weight. […] Children with eating disorders can develop serious health problems from not getting enough nutrients. […] Eating disorders affect how a child thinks and behaves toward food. […] A boy may see himself as overweight, even though he is actually normal weight or underweight. […] Children with anorexia have a strong desire to avoid gaining weight. This can lead them to lose unhealthy amounts of weight. […] Children with bulimia tend to eat large amounts of food at once (called binge eating). Then they do something to avoid gaining weight, such as making themselves vomit, taking laxatives or exercising excessively. […] Children with ARFID struggle to eat for reasons that are unrelated to weight gain or body image.

• #35 Eating disorders in boys – Children’s Health Psychiatry

  https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/eating-disorders-and-boys

  Common anorexia symptoms in boys include constant dieting and avoiding many foods, distorted view of body shape and weight, extreme thinness, frequent and intense exercise, losing weight quickly or in large amounts, avoiding family meals or eating in public, and expressing concern about weight and body image. […] Common bulimia symptoms in boys include using pills such as laxatives and diuretics, constant talk or concern about food and weight, constant exercise, stealing, hiding or hoarding food, avoiding family meals or eating in public, and spending long amounts of time in the restroom with the water running. […] Common ARFID symptoms in boys include anxiety around food in social situations, avoiding eating or taking a long time to eat, growth problems, less energy than normal, requesting certain foods often and refusing others, and weight loss.

• #36 Signs of Eating Disorders: Types and Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/signs-of-eating-disorders

  Eating disorders are a group of conditions marked by an unhealthy relationship with food. They tend to develop during the teenage and young adult years, and they are much more common in girls and women. […] At first, the focus on food may be a way to gain control over one aspect of a person’s life. Although it may start as simply eating a bit more or less than usual, the behavior can eventually take over their life. […] It can be hard to spot the signs of an eating disorder, especially early on. People with eating disorders may try to hide their food restrictions or wear baggy clothes to conceal the weight loss. […] An eating disorder is a serious medical condition that can have long-term health consequences. […] People with anorexia nervosa have an extreme fear of gaining weight. They often diet and exercise too much, sometimes to the point of starvation.

• #37 Signs of Eating Disorders: Types and Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/signs-of-eating-disorders

  About one-third to one-half of people with anorexia also binge and purge by vomiting or taking a lot of laxatives. […] The signs of anorexia can be subtle at first because it develops slowly. It may begin as an interest in dieting before an event such as a school dance or beach vacation. But as the disorder progresses, their obsession with weight intensifies. […] Anorexia has two subtypes, each with its own set of symptoms. […] People with binge eating disorder have frequent episodes where they binge on large quantities of food. […] Like those with bulimia, they often feel out of control during these episodes and later feel guilt and shame about it. […] They have trouble stopping the bingeing cycle. […] People with ARFID avoid certain foods and limit how much they eat. […] The goal is not to lose weight, and they don’t have a distorted body image. Instead, they’re afraid or not interested in eating.

• #38 Eating Disorder Warning Signs in Teens – Toledo Center

  https://toledocenter.com/resources/eating-disorder-warning-signs-in-teens/

  Binge eating disorder is characterized by frequent, recurring episodes of eating large amounts of food, often quickly and to the point of physical discomfort. During these episodes, individuals experience a sense of loss of control and an inability to stop eating. […] Each of these conditions share a number of symptoms, the majority of which are psychological: Poor body image, low self-esteem, guilt, shame, self-loathing, isolation, anxiety and depression. […] Early intervention is crucial because the longer eating disorders go untreated, the higher the risk for severe physical, emotional, and psychological consequences and even death. Acting in the early stages is critical to prevent complications. If the illness persists, it becomes less responsive to treatment, reducing the chances of full recovery. […] Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. The earlier an eating disorder is identified and addressed, the better the chances of avoiding severe consequences, such as organ failure and death.

• #39 5 Common Signs and Symptoms of Eating Disorders | Monte Nido

  https://www.montenido.com/blog/eating-disorders-signs-symptoms

  Our families and friends, our brothers and sisters, moms and dads, best friends and roommates they mean everything. […] The signs and symptoms of eating disorders dont always fall into the stereotypes or expected tropes were used to. […] Sometimes those symptoms are less obvious, and easier for your loved one to hide. […] Like any mental health disorder, you cant simply look at someone and immediately know they have an eating disorder. […] There are certainly some physical changes that are associated with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa or binge eating disorder, but these are not hard and fast rules. […] As an example, the usual perception of a person with anorexia nervosa is of a person whos lost a lot of weight, is extremely thin, and malnourished. […] However, anorexia nervosa sufferers arent necessarily underweight; its a series of behavioral criteria that determine the disorder.

• #40 Overview – Eating disorders – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/behaviours/eating-disorders/overview/

  Symptoms of eating disorders include: […] You may also notice physical signs, including: […] Warning signs to look out for include: […] You can recover from an eating disorder, but it may take time and recovery will be different for everyone. […] Treatment for other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) will depend on the type of eating disorder your symptoms are most like.

• #41 Eating Disorders: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders

  Eating disorders are serious illnesses marked by severe disturbances to ones eating behaviors. These may be signs of an eating disorder. Eating disorders can adversely affect a persons physical and mental health, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. People with anorexia nervosa severely avoid or restrict food intake due to a distorted self-image or an intense fear of gaining weight. Over time, anorexia nervosa can lead to numerous serious health consequences, including extremely restricted eating, intense and excessive exercise, extreme thinness (emaciation), a relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image or self-image, and denial of the seriousness of low body weight. Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. It has an extremely high death rate compared with other mental disorders. Over time, binge eating can lead to serious health consequences, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, sleep problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Over time, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health consequences, including chronically inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth, acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems, intestinal distress and irritation, severe dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. Over time, ARFID can lead to serious health consequences, including unhealthy weight loss, malnutrition, and changes to physical growth. People with eating disorders are at risk for co-occurring mental illnesses, which most often include depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

• #42 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. Doing intensive and excessive exercise. Fasting. […] The symptoms of anorexia nervosa include: Eating very little, to the point of starving yourself. Intensive and excessive exercise. Extreme thinness. Intense fear of gaining weight. Distorted body image – seeing yourself as overweight even when you are severely underweight. […] Over time, anorexia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis). Mild anemia. Muscle wasting and weakness. Thin, brittle hair and nails. Dry, blotchy, or yellowish skin. Growth of fine hair all over the body. Severe constipation. Low blood pressure. Slowed breathing and pulse. Feeling cold all the time because of a drop in internal body temperature. Feeling faint, dizzy, or weak. Feeling tired all the time. Infertility. Damage to the structure and function of the heart. Brain damage. Multiorgan failure. […] Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. Some people with this disorder die of complications from starvation, and others die of suicide. […] Some people with eating disorders may also have other mental disorders (such as depression or anxiety) or problems with substance use.

• #43 Anorexia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa

  Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by food restriction, body image disturbance, fear of gaining weight, and an overpowering desire to be thin. […] Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a fear of being overweight or being seen as such, despite the fact that they are typically underweight. […] The DSM-5 describes this perceptual symptom as „disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced”. […] Individuals with anorexia nervosa also often deny that they have a problem with low weight due to their altered perception of appearance. […] They may weigh themselves frequently, eat small amounts, and only eat certain foods. […] Some patients with anorexia nervosa binge eat and purge to influence their weight or shape. […] Medical complications may include osteoporosis, infertility, and heart damage, along with the cessation of menstrual periods.

• #44 Anorexia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa

  Anorexia often develops during adolescence or young adulthood. […] The exacerbation of the mental illness is thought to follow a major life-change or stress-inducing events. […] Ultimately however, causes of anorexia are varied and differ from individual to individual. […] Treatment of anorexia involves restoring the patient back to a healthy weight, treating their underlying psychological problems, and addressing underlying maladaptive behaviors. […] The largest risk of relapse occurs within the first year post-discharge from eating disorder therapy treatment. […] Many complications, both physical and psychological, improve or resolve with nutritional rehabilitation and adequate weight gain. […] It is estimated to occur in 0.3% to 4.3% of women and 0.2% to 1% of men in Western countries at some point in their life. […] About 5% of people with anorexia die from complications over a ten-year period with medical complications and suicide being the primary and secondary causes of death respectively. […] Anorexia has one of the highest death rates among mental illnesses, second only to opioid overdoses.

• #45 Eating Disorders: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders

  Eating disorders are serious illnesses marked by severe disturbances to ones eating behaviors. These may be signs of an eating disorder. Eating disorders can adversely affect a persons physical and mental health, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. People with anorexia nervosa severely avoid or restrict food intake due to a distorted self-image or an intense fear of gaining weight. Over time, anorexia nervosa can lead to numerous serious health consequences, including extremely restricted eating, intense and excessive exercise, extreme thinness (emaciation), a relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image or self-image, and denial of the seriousness of low body weight. Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. It has an extremely high death rate compared with other mental disorders. Over time, binge eating can lead to serious health consequences, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, sleep problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Over time, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health consequences, including chronically inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth, acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems, intestinal distress and irritation, severe dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. Over time, ARFID can lead to serious health consequences, including unhealthy weight loss, malnutrition, and changes to physical growth. People with eating disorders are at risk for co-occurring mental illnesses, which most often include depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

• #46 Eating Disorders: 6 Types and Their Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/common-eating-disorders

  In severe cases, bulimia can also create an imbalance in levels of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. This can cause a stroke or heart attack. […] BED often involves eating large amounts of food rapidly, in secret, and until uncomfortably full, despite not feeling hungry. Feelings of distress, such as shame, disgust, or guilt, may occur when thinking about binge eating behavior. […] People with BED have symptoms similar to those of bulimia or the binge eating subtype of anorexia. This includes eating large amounts of food in relatively short periods of time and feeling a lack of control during these episodes. […] People with pica may have an increased risk of: poisoning, infections, gut injuries, nutritional deficiencies. […] If not resolved in infants, rumination disorder can result in weight loss and severe malnutrition that can be fatal.

• #47 Eating Disorders | NAMI

  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/

  Bulimia Nervosa. People living with bulimia will feel out of control when binging on very large amounts of food during short periods of time, and then desperately try to rid themselves of the extra calories using forced vomiting, abusing laxatives or excessive exercise. This becomes a repeating cycle that controls many aspects of the person’s life and has a very negative effect both emotionally and physically. People living with bulimia are usually normal weight or even a bit overweight. […] The emotional symptoms of bulimia include low self-esteem overly linked to body image, feelings of being out of control, feeling guilty or shameful about eating and withdrawal from friends and family. […] Like anorexia, bulimia will inflict physical damage. The binging and purging can severely harm the parts of the body involved in eating and digesting food, teeth are damaged by frequent vomiting, and acid reflux is common. Excessive purging can cause dehydration that effect the body’s electrolytes and leads to cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure and even death.

• #48 Eating Disorders: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders

  Eating disorders are serious illnesses marked by severe disturbances to ones eating behaviors. These may be signs of an eating disorder. Eating disorders can adversely affect a persons physical and mental health, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. People with anorexia nervosa severely avoid or restrict food intake due to a distorted self-image or an intense fear of gaining weight. Over time, anorexia nervosa can lead to numerous serious health consequences, including extremely restricted eating, intense and excessive exercise, extreme thinness (emaciation), a relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image or self-image, and denial of the seriousness of low body weight. Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. It has an extremely high death rate compared with other mental disorders. Over time, binge eating can lead to serious health consequences, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, sleep problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Over time, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health consequences, including chronically inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth, acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems, intestinal distress and irritation, severe dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. Over time, ARFID can lead to serious health consequences, including unhealthy weight loss, malnutrition, and changes to physical growth. People with eating disorders are at risk for co-occurring mental illnesses, which most often include depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

• #49 Binge Eating Disorder Treatment and Recovery Help | Monte Nido

  https://www.rosewoodranch.com/binge-eating-signs-symptoms/

  Physical symptoms of binge eating disorder may include: Weight gain and related health conditions, fullness that reaches pain and discomfort, fertility issues, gastric rupture or intestinal blockage. […] Emotional symptoms of binge eating disorder may include: Strong dissatisfaction or self-loathing around one’s body or appearance, anxiety and/or depression, intense stress, low self-esteem, extreme shame. […] Consuming excessive amounts of food during binge episodes can lead to obesity and weight gain, which increases the risk of other health problems such as type 2 Diabetes. The strain of excess weight on the body can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and stroke. Frequent binge eating can cause gastrointestinal problems like acid reflux, abdominal pain, constipation, and gallbladder disease. Obesity resulting from BED can increase the risk of developing sleep apnea, a potentially serious sleep disorder. Carrying excess weight can put a strain on joints and muscles, leading to pain and increased risk of osteoarthritis.

• #50 30 Eating Disorder Symptoms That Are a Cause for Concern  | The Bulimia Project

  https://bulimia.com/eating-disorders/symptoms/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) has also been widely studied, with many of its long-term consequences also carrying major consequences, including potentially fatal electrolyte imbalances and a higher risk of suicidality and successfully completed suicide. […] Eating disorders like BN and AN may have the most extreme long-term consequences, but many types of disordered eating can lead to malnutrition, which is responsible for a host of other serious issues. […] Once these biological changes take place, it can be difficult, or even dangerous, to reverse them. […] Eating disorders that involve overeating can cause different but equally concerning effects as those that involve malnutrition. […] Binge eating disorder (BED) and other eating disorders that involve frequent episodes of eating large amounts of food can bring on unhealthy weight gain, which can lead to: Joint pain and osteoarthritis, Liver and kidney disease, High blood pressure, High cholesterol, Increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, Fertility issues, Metabolic syndrome, An increased risk of certain cancers.

• #51 Eating Disorders: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders

  Eating disorders are serious illnesses marked by severe disturbances to ones eating behaviors. These may be signs of an eating disorder. Eating disorders can adversely affect a persons physical and mental health, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. People with anorexia nervosa severely avoid or restrict food intake due to a distorted self-image or an intense fear of gaining weight. Over time, anorexia nervosa can lead to numerous serious health consequences, including extremely restricted eating, intense and excessive exercise, extreme thinness (emaciation), a relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image or self-image, and denial of the seriousness of low body weight. Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. It has an extremely high death rate compared with other mental disorders. Over time, binge eating can lead to serious health consequences, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, sleep problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Over time, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health consequences, including chronically inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth, acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems, intestinal distress and irritation, severe dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. Over time, ARFID can lead to serious health consequences, including unhealthy weight loss, malnutrition, and changes to physical growth. People with eating disorders are at risk for co-occurring mental illnesses, which most often include depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

• #52 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. Doing intensive and excessive exercise. Fasting. […] The symptoms of anorexia nervosa include: Eating very little, to the point of starving yourself. Intensive and excessive exercise. Extreme thinness. Intense fear of gaining weight. Distorted body image – seeing yourself as overweight even when you are severely underweight. […] Over time, anorexia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis). Mild anemia. Muscle wasting and weakness. Thin, brittle hair and nails. Dry, blotchy, or yellowish skin. Growth of fine hair all over the body. Severe constipation. Low blood pressure. Slowed breathing and pulse. Feeling cold all the time because of a drop in internal body temperature. Feeling faint, dizzy, or weak. Feeling tired all the time. Infertility. Damage to the structure and function of the heart. Brain damage. Multiorgan failure. […] Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. Some people with this disorder die of complications from starvation, and others die of suicide. […] Some people with eating disorders may also have other mental disorders (such as depression or anxiety) or problems with substance use.

• #53 30 Eating Disorder Symptoms That Are a Cause for Concern  | The Bulimia Project

  https://bulimia.com/eating-disorders/symptoms/

  Its thought that as much as 80% of people struggling with eating disorders experience comorbid or co-occurring mental disorders. […] Anxiety disorders of all types are also frequent, particularly among patients with anorexia nervosa. […] These issues can potentially worsen a persons eating disorder symptoms and complicate treatment. […] The sooner one gets help to stop disordered eating behaviors, the less likely they are to experience serious health consequences. […] Overcoming an eating disorder may not be easy, but the sooner you can take steps in the direction of recovery, the better your chances of avoiding serious complications to your health and your happiness.

• #54 Eating Disorders | NAMI

  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/

  Symptoms must meet the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in order to warrant a diagnosis. Each eating disorder has its own diagnostic criteria that a mental health professional will use to determine which disorder is involved. It is not necessary to have all the criteria for a disorder to benefit from working with a mental health professional on food and eating issues. […] Often a person with an eating disorder will have symptoms of another mental health condition that requires treatment. Whenever possible, it is best to identified and address all conditions at the same time. This gives a person comprehensive treatment support that helps ensure a lasting recovery.

• #55 5 Risk Signs of an Eating Disorder Relapse

  https://emilyprogram.com/blog/5-signs-your-patient-may-be-at-risk-of-an-eating-disorder-relapse/

  Eating disorders are highly recurrent by nature, meaning that relapse can be a normal part of the recovery process. […] Longitudinal cohort and treatment follow-up studies estimate that 20% to 50% of those with eating disorders will relapse. The risk of relapse is exceptionally high in individuals who are recovering from anorexia nervosa, especially those within the first year of their discharge from treatment. […] An eating disorder relapse is classified as any return to eating disorder behaviors and symptoms. […] Research tells us that the first year after completing treatment is the most vulnerable time for clients, with a continued risk lasting for up to two years. […] Common predictors of relapse include: Length of illness. The longer an individual has suffered from an eating disorder, the more likely they are to relapse in recovery.

• #56 Anorexia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa

  Anorexia often develops during adolescence or young adulthood. […] The exacerbation of the mental illness is thought to follow a major life-change or stress-inducing events. […] Ultimately however, causes of anorexia are varied and differ from individual to individual. […] Treatment of anorexia involves restoring the patient back to a healthy weight, treating their underlying psychological problems, and addressing underlying maladaptive behaviors. […] The largest risk of relapse occurs within the first year post-discharge from eating disorder therapy treatment. […] Many complications, both physical and psychological, improve or resolve with nutritional rehabilitation and adequate weight gain. […] It is estimated to occur in 0.3% to 4.3% of women and 0.2% to 1% of men in Western countries at some point in their life. […] About 5% of people with anorexia die from complications over a ten-year period with medical complications and suicide being the primary and secondary causes of death respectively. […] Anorexia has one of the highest death rates among mental illnesses, second only to opioid overdoses.

• #57 5 Risk Signs of an Eating Disorder Relapse

  https://emilyprogram.com/blog/5-signs-your-patient-may-be-at-risk-of-an-eating-disorder-relapse/

  Eating disorders are highly recurrent by nature, meaning that relapse can be a normal part of the recovery process. […] Longitudinal cohort and treatment follow-up studies estimate that 20% to 50% of those with eating disorders will relapse. The risk of relapse is exceptionally high in individuals who are recovering from anorexia nervosa, especially those within the first year of their discharge from treatment. […] An eating disorder relapse is classified as any return to eating disorder behaviors and symptoms. […] Research tells us that the first year after completing treatment is the most vulnerable time for clients, with a continued risk lasting for up to two years. […] Common predictors of relapse include: Length of illness. The longer an individual has suffered from an eating disorder, the more likely they are to relapse in recovery.

• #58 5 Risk Signs of an Eating Disorder Relapse

  https://emilyprogram.com/blog/5-signs-your-patient-may-be-at-risk-of-an-eating-disorder-relapse/

  Eating disorders are highly recurrent by nature, meaning that relapse can be a normal part of the recovery process. […] Longitudinal cohort and treatment follow-up studies estimate that 20% to 50% of those with eating disorders will relapse. The risk of relapse is exceptionally high in individuals who are recovering from anorexia nervosa, especially those within the first year of their discharge from treatment. […] An eating disorder relapse is classified as any return to eating disorder behaviors and symptoms. […] Research tells us that the first year after completing treatment is the most vulnerable time for clients, with a continued risk lasting for up to two years. […] Common predictors of relapse include: Length of illness. The longer an individual has suffered from an eating disorder, the more likely they are to relapse in recovery.

• #59 5 Risk Signs of an Eating Disorder Relapse

  https://emilyprogram.com/blog/5-signs-your-patient-may-be-at-risk-of-an-eating-disorder-relapse/

  Severity of illness. More severe psychopathology predicts a higher likelihood of eating disorder relapse. […] Eating behaviors. Consuming an overall diet of low energy density or a limited variety of food predicts a higher likelihood of relapse. […] Psychiatric comorbidities. Exposure to traumatic events, obsessive and compulsive symptoms, depressive symptoms, suicidality, and postpartum depression are linked to higher rates of relapse. […] Motivation to change. Higher motivation for treatment and recovery is associated with a lower likelihood of relapse. […] Self-defeating beliefs. Having low levels of self-acceptance, low self-compassion, and unrealistic expectations about recovery can make relapse more likely. […] Stressful life events. Big life events can trigger a relapse. […] The warning signs of relapse can overlap with the warning signs for the onset of an eating disorder.

• #60 Overview – Eating disorders – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/behaviours/eating-disorders/overview/

  Symptoms of eating disorders include: […] You may also notice physical signs, including: […] Warning signs to look out for include: […] You can recover from an eating disorder, but it may take time and recovery will be different for everyone. […] Treatment for other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) will depend on the type of eating disorder your symptoms are most like.

• #61 Eating Disorders | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/eating-disorders

  Complete recovery from an eating disorder is possible. The goal of eating disorder treatment is to treat any immediate medical concerns, work on eliminating disordered behaviors, and treat co-occurring issues like depression and anxiety. […] Eating disorders are usually treated with a combination of therapies: Individual therapy, Family therapy, Medical care and monitoring, Nutritional counseling, Behavior modification, Medications.

• #62 Eating Disorders Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/eating-disorders-treatment-5112475

  Eating disorders cause severe complications and have one of the highest mortality rates of any mental illness. […] During therapy, you’ll learn to identify and change thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that trigger your eating disorder. […] Effective treatment methods will differ based on the type of eating disorder a person has. […] Eating disorders are treated in a variety of different settings, based on a person’s unique needs, preferences, family involvement, and the medical or psychiatric severity of their condition. […] Most people with an eating disorder are in denial about the reality of their weight and whether they have an eating problem. […] Prescription medications are used to treat eating disorders but are not usually the sole treatment method. […] Antidepressants are the primary medication used to treat bulimia nervosa.

• #63 Eating Disorders | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/eating-disorders

  Treatment must address the eating disorder symptoms and medical consequences. It must also address the psychological, biological, interpersonal, and cultural forces that contribute to the eating disorder. […] Inpatient care is necessary when an eating disorder has led to physical problems that may be life-threatening. It is also necessary when an eating disorder is causing severe psychological, social, or behavioral problems.

• #64 Eating Disorders

  https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/psychiatry-psychology/eating-disorders/

  The essential feature is the repeated regurgitation of food after eating for a period of at least 1 month. […] The essential feature is avoidance of food intake based on the sensory characteristics of the food, patients might have at least one of the following; significant weight loss, significant nutritional deficiency, dependence on enteral feeding, marked interference with psychosocial functioning. […] As a general guideline, it appears that a third of patients fully recover, a third retain subthreshold symptoms, and a third maintain a chronic eating disorder. […] Long-term follow-up shows recovery rates ranging from 44% to 76%, with prolonged recovery time (57 to 59 months). Mortality (up to 20%) is primarily from cardiac arrest or suicide. […] Little long-term follow-up data exist. Short-term success is 50% to 70%, with relapse rates between 30% and 50% after 6 months.

• #65 Diagnosis of Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0115/p297.html

  Bulimia is characterized by uncontrollable binge-eating episodes, often followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting or the use of laxatives. […] Both of the major eating disorders are characterized by a disturbance in the perception of body shape, which is closely tied to self-image. […] Early diagnosis with intervention and earlier age at diagnosis are correlated with improved outcomes in patients who have eating disorders. […] The prognosis of patients who have eating disorders is variable. The general consensus is that 50 percent of patients with anorexia have good outcomes, 30 percent have intermediate outcomes, and 20 percent have poor outcomes. […] Factors that predict improved outcomes for eating disorders include early age at diagnosis, brief interval before initiation of treatment, good parent-child relationships, and having other healthy relationships with friends or therapists.

• #66 Diagnosis of Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0115/p297.html

  Bulimia is characterized by uncontrollable binge-eating episodes, often followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting or the use of laxatives. […] Both of the major eating disorders are characterized by a disturbance in the perception of body shape, which is closely tied to self-image. […] Early diagnosis with intervention and earlier age at diagnosis are correlated with improved outcomes in patients who have eating disorders. […] The prognosis of patients who have eating disorders is variable. The general consensus is that 50 percent of patients with anorexia have good outcomes, 30 percent have intermediate outcomes, and 20 percent have poor outcomes. […] Factors that predict improved outcomes for eating disorders include early age at diagnosis, brief interval before initiation of treatment, good parent-child relationships, and having other healthy relationships with friends or therapists.

• #67 Overview – Eating disorders – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/behaviours/eating-disorders/overview/

  Symptoms of eating disorders include: […] You may also notice physical signs, including: […] Warning signs to look out for include: […] You can recover from an eating disorder, but it may take time and recovery will be different for everyone. […] Treatment for other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) will depend on the type of eating disorder your symptoms are most like.

• #68 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Recognizing the warning signs and symptoms of an eating disorder and seeking help early can greatly improve the chances of recovery. […] Someone struggling with an eating disorder generally won’t have all of these signs and symptoms at once, and the warning signs vary across eating disorders and don’t always fit into neat categories. […] Emotional and Behavioral Signs and Symptoms: Preoccupation with weight loss, food, calories, and dieting. […] Refuses to eat certain foods, and often eliminates whole food groups (carbohydrates, fats, etc.). […] Makes excuses to avoid mealtimes or situations involving food. […] Develops food rituals (e.g., eating foods in certain orders, excessive chewing, rearranging food on a plate). […] Withdraws from friends and previously pleasurable activities and becomes more isolated and secretive.

• #69 Eating disorders in teens: Warning signs and treatment options for your child – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/pediatrics-articles/2024/may/eating-disorders-in-teens-warning-signs-and-treatment-options

  If you suspect your child or teenager is struggling with an eating disorder, or if theyve just been diagnosed, its essential for the entire family to have support and to take action as soon as possible. […] The key to treatment is early intervention, said Seeba Anam, MD, a psychiatrist and medical director of the Eating Disorders Program at the University of Chicago Medicine. Theres often a period of time where eating disorders occur and go undetected. If parents have suspicions, it makes sense to call us. […] Anam and Bernstein explained signs and symptoms to look for, and how treatment can work for children and teens. […] Warning signs a teen may have an eating disorder include skipping meals, snacks or cutting out food groups they used to enjoy, making strict rules around eating, significant or rapid weight loss, not socializing with friends or family in order to avoid eating with them, spending lots of time counting calories or planning out meals, excessive exercise, cutting out calorie-dense foods, taking medications to suppress appetite, buying or using laxatives that havent been prescribed, weighing themselves multiple times a day, and secretive eating.

• #70 Warning Signs of Eating Disorders | Eating Disorders Victoria

  https://eatingdisorders.org.au/for-family-and-friends/warning-signs-of-eating-disorders/

  If you are reading this page, it is highly likely that you are concerned about someone you care about. Its important to trust your instincts and not watch and wait. […] An eating disorder can develop gradually and you may observe personality and behaviour changes. It is most important to maintain open communication with your loved one so that you can express your concerns. […] Eating disorders dont happen overnight. Behavioural signs are often the first thing that can be picked up upon, before any physical or psychological change. […] If you can pick up on behavioural changes early, a person is more likely to recover faster. This is known as early intervention and is proven to be the most effective way to curb eating disorder duration and severity. […] Eating disorders are mental illnesses, which means they cause significant psychological distress.

• #71 Warning Signs of Eating Disorders | Eating Disorders Victoria

  https://eatingdisorders.org.au/for-family-and-friends/warning-signs-of-eating-disorders/

  Its important to remember that eating disorders can occur in people of all body shapes and weight. Weight loss is not essential for the diagnosis of an eating disorder. In fact, most people who have eating disorders are not underweight. […] If you are concerned that someone you care about is experiencing an eating disorder, its never safe to watch and wait. Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses that require treatment and support. The good news is that full recovery is possible for everyone.

• #72 Warning Signs of Eating Disorders | Eating Disorders Victoria

  https://eatingdisorders.org.au/for-family-and-friends/warning-signs-of-eating-disorders/

  Its important to remember that eating disorders can occur in people of all body shapes and weight. Weight loss is not essential for the diagnosis of an eating disorder. In fact, most people who have eating disorders are not underweight. […] If you are concerned that someone you care about is experiencing an eating disorder, its never safe to watch and wait. Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses that require treatment and support. The good news is that full recovery is possible for everyone.

• #73 Eating Disorders: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders

  Eating disorders are serious illnesses marked by severe disturbances to ones eating behaviors. These may be signs of an eating disorder. Eating disorders can adversely affect a persons physical and mental health, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. People with anorexia nervosa severely avoid or restrict food intake due to a distorted self-image or an intense fear of gaining weight. Over time, anorexia nervosa can lead to numerous serious health consequences, including extremely restricted eating, intense and excessive exercise, extreme thinness (emaciation), a relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image or self-image, and denial of the seriousness of low body weight. Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. It has an extremely high death rate compared with other mental disorders. Over time, binge eating can lead to serious health consequences, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, sleep problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Over time, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health consequences, including chronically inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth, acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems, intestinal distress and irritation, severe dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. Over time, ARFID can lead to serious health consequences, including unhealthy weight loss, malnutrition, and changes to physical growth. People with eating disorders are at risk for co-occurring mental illnesses, which most often include depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

• #74 Eating Disorders – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/eating-disorders

  Eating disorders are serious illnesses marked by severe disturbances in a persons eating behaviors. These may be signs of an eating disorder. […] Eating disorders are serious and can be life-threatening. In addition, people with eating disorders are at higher risk for medical complications and co-occurring mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. These co-occurring conditions can make eating disorders worse. Eating disorders can be treated successfully. Early detection and treatment are important for a full recovery. […] NIMH is funding and conducting research to understand why certain people are more likely to develop eating disorders than others. This includes research that examines genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors. […] We’re also funding research into novel treatment options, including medications and behavioral therapies that can prevent or reverse unhealthy food-related behaviors.

• #75 Eating Disorder Symptoms: Signs, Behaviors & Risks | NEDA

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/

  Recognizing the warning signs and symptoms of an eating disorder and seeking help early can greatly improve the chances of recovery. […] Someone struggling with an eating disorder generally won’t have all of these signs and symptoms at once, and the warning signs vary across eating disorders and don’t always fit into neat categories. […] Emotional and Behavioral Signs and Symptoms: Preoccupation with weight loss, food, calories, and dieting. […] Refuses to eat certain foods, and often eliminates whole food groups (carbohydrates, fats, etc.). […] Makes excuses to avoid mealtimes or situations involving food. […] Develops food rituals (e.g., eating foods in certain orders, excessive chewing, rearranging food on a plate). […] Withdraws from friends and previously pleasurable activities and becomes more isolated and secretive.

• #76 ED Warning Signs: Early Detection | The Emily Program

  https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/warning-signs/

  What is an eating disorder, and how do you recognize it? The warning signs of eating disorders are sometimes hard to detect, especially since behaviors are often intentionally kept hidden. Some eating disorder symptoms to watch for include dramatic calorie reduction, purging behaviors, uncontrollable overeating, and/or unrelenting distress about body weight and shape. […] Eating disorders are characterized by extreme disturbances in eating habits and can manifest as excessive food restriction, binge eating, or purging behaviors. […] It’s crucial to recognize that eating disorders are more than just a phase or a lifestyle choice. They are serious mental health conditions requiring professional intervention. Early detection and treatment can make a significant difference in recovery outcomes.

• #77 Overview – Eating disorders – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/behaviours/eating-disorders/overview/

  Symptoms of eating disorders include: […] You may also notice physical signs, including: […] Warning signs to look out for include: […] You can recover from an eating disorder, but it may take time and recovery will be different for everyone. […] Treatment for other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) will depend on the type of eating disorder your symptoms are most like.

• #78 Eating Disorders | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/eating-disorders

  Complete recovery from an eating disorder is possible. The goal of eating disorder treatment is to treat any immediate medical concerns, work on eliminating disordered behaviors, and treat co-occurring issues like depression and anxiety. […] Eating disorders are usually treated with a combination of therapies: Individual therapy, Family therapy, Medical care and monitoring, Nutritional counseling, Behavior modification, Medications.

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