Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The outcome at follow-up after inpatient eating disorder treatment: a naturalistic study | Journal of Eating Disorders | Full Text

  https://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40337-020-00349-6

  Patients with eating disorders may experience a severe and enduring course of illness. Treatment outcome for patients provided with inpatient treatment is reported as poor. […] The aims of the study were to investigate rates of remission at follow-up after inpatient treatment, symptom change from admission to follow-up, and predictors of treatment outcome. […] At follow-up, 35.2% of the participants were classified as in remission. […] Increased probability of remission at follow-up was indicated by lower core ED symptoms at admission for all patients, raised BMI during admission for patients with AN, and reduced core ED symptoms during inpatient treatment for all patients. […] Approximately one-third of all participants could be classified as in remission at follow-up. […] The findings reported in the literature underline the need for more effective inpatient treatment of the most severely ill ED patients.

• #1 Short-Term Outcome of Inpatient Treatment for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa Using DSM-5 Remission Criteria

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/14/3190

  This study evaluated the short-term outcome of a multimodal inpatient treatment concept for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). […] At discharge, 23.2% of patients showed full remission of AN, 31.3% partial remission, and 45.5% no remission according to DSM-5 criteria. […] The findings provide evidence for the short-term effectiveness of our inpatient treatment concept. […] The current evidence does not yet provide a sufficient picture on the factors relevant for favorable treatment outcome on the one hand, and optimal length of inpatient stay on the other hand, primarily due to the inconsistent results and high heterogeneity of the methods used. […] Lower BMI at admission and discharge predicted worse outcome in most studies, while BMI at discharge showed less impact on treatment success in adolescents when a structured outpatient treatment was implemented directly after discharge.

• #1 Anorexia nervosa: 30-year outcome | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/anorexia-nervosa-30year-outcome/1938E2FAFC6518654451ACD7BE0428E2

  Little is known about the long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa. […] To study the 30-year outcome of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa. […] At the 30-year follow-up 96% of participants agreed to participate. There was no mortality. […] Good outcome was predicted by later age at onset among individuals with adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa and premorbid perfectionism. […] This long-term follow-up study reflects the course of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa and has shown a favourable outcome regarding mortality and full symptom recovery. However, one in five had a chronic eating disorder. […] According to the review, approximately half of all individuals with anorexia nervosa were classified as fully recovered, one in three had improved and one in five had a chronic course of the disorder.

• #1 Outcome of eating disorders in a primary care-based study. | Nivel

  https://www.nivel.nl/nl/publicatie/outcome-eating-disorders-primary-care-based-study

  Most outcome studies of eating disorders are based on samples of patients that had entered specialized mental health care. This might be a group that does not represent all patients with an eating disorder and possibly shows a different course and outcome. Little is known about the outcome of newly diagnosed patients with an eating disorder in primary care. […] Good outcome was found for 55% ANR, 57% ANBP and 61% for BN. Poor outcome was found for 21% ANR, 23% ANBP and 6% of BN. […] Age at detection was a predictor for both eating disorders. A younger age at detection predicted a favorable outcome. […] After a mean of 4.8 years follow-up more than half the patients of an eating disorder cohort detected in primary care could be considered recovered. ANBP showed the most extended median survival time. Early detection in primary care is of major importance.

• #1 Predictors of illness course and health maintenance following inpatient treatment among patients with anorexia nervosa | Journal of Eating Disorders | Full Text

  https://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40337-020-00348-7

  Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening psychiatric disorder associated with significant medical and psychosocial impairment. […] However, relapse rates following discharge are high and thus, there is a need to identify predictors of longitudinal outcome. […] Higher trait anxiety at discharge was associated with a lower BMI during follow-up (p=0.012). […] There was a significant interaction between duration of illness and time, whereby duration of illness was associated with a faster rate of weight loss (p=0.003) during follow-up. […] As duration of illness increased, there was a greater increase in self-reported clinical impairment (p=0.011). […] Increased eating disorder severity at discharge was also associated with greater clinical impairment at follow-up (p=0.004). […] Higher BMI at discharge was significantly associated with maintaining healthy weight across a priori BMI-based definitions of health maintenance.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40519-020-01059-3

  This study tests the value of a measure of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology in predicting outcome following guided self-help in a non-underweight sample with regular binge eating. It examines whether early reductions in ED psychopathology are associated with remission status at post-treatment. […] Early change prior to session 6 was accurate in predicting later remission. […] Data suggest that a majority of those who respond to treatment will do so before the second half of treatment, information that could be used to ensure that evidence-based treatments are used as effectively as possible. […] Participants who showed improvements in ED psychopathology before the sixth session of treatment were more likely to achieve remission at post-treatment compared to those who did not. […] The findings could have potential to expediently identify individuals who respond well to low-intensity treatments for binge eating and thus inform stepped care models for ED treatment. […] Monitoring ED psychopathology throughout treatment can help clinicians focus on helping patients achieve early change and consider tailored approaches for those who are likely to respond more slowly.

• #1 Psychological Factors Predict Eating Disorder Onset and Maintenance at 10-year Follow-up

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4096787/

  The present study sought to identify psychological factors that predict onset and maintenance of eating disorders. […] Multivariate models indicated higher Perfectionism (p=.025), lower Interpersonal Distrust (p.001), and higher Maturity Fears (p=.037) predicted increased risk for eating disorder onset at 10-year follow-up, but only Perfectionism (p=.004) predicted eating disorder maintenance. […] Across eating disorder diagnoses, high levels of perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, and maturity fears have been implicated in poorer outcomes, supporting the predictive significance of these psychological factors for AN […] and BN […] and EDNOS […] . As such, targeting these psychological features in treatment may be crucial to averting the chronic nature of these disorders. […] Higher perfectionism and higher maturity fears scores were associated with significantly a higher likelihood of meeting criteria for an eating disorder at follow-up, whereas lower interpersonal distrust scores were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of meeting criteria for an eating disorder at follow-up.

• #1 Adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: 18-year outcome | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/adolescentonset-anorexia-nervosa-18year-outcome/AC73FEB86BE879ACE2FF1CF23F3C5D28

  The long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa is insufficiently researched. […] To study prospectively the long-term outcome and prognostic factors in a representative sample of people with teenage-onset anorexia nervosa. […] Poor outcome was predicted by premorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, age at onset of anorexia nervosa and autistic traits. […] The 18-year outcome of teenage-onset anorexia nervosa is favourable in respect of mortality and persisting eating disorder. […] In our study, 39% had a psychiatric disorder other than an eating disorder. […] One in five had an affective disorder. […] Low age at anorexia nervosa onset, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and autistic traits predicted an unfavourable outcome.

• #1 Brain, behavior, cognition, and physical health in first-onset adolescent anorexia nervosa: The BRAVE Study design and cohort profile | Published in Aperture Neuro

  https://apertureneuro.org/article/116180-brain-behavior-cognition-and-physical-health-in-first-onset-adolescent-anorexia-nervosa-the-brave-study-design-and-cohort-profile

  Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder with a heterogeneous course with one of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality of all psychiatric disorders. Little is known about factors that predict both course and treatment outcomes of this disorder. […] The primary aim of the BRAVE Study is to identify predictors of treatment response in a large sample of 12-to-22-year-old females with first-onset typical or atypical anorexia nervosa. […] Patients with AN, clinicians and researchers have stated that the identification of predictors of treatment outcome and illness duration is one of the highest priorities for research into adolescent AN. […] A range of possible predictors of illness course in AN have been identified. […] Social-cultural and behavioral predictors for a worse outcome include purging, compulsivity, interpersonal and social problems, rumination, impulsivity, autistic traits, a history of suicide attempts, alcohol and/or drug abuse, earlier specialized treatments, longer duration of inpatient treatment and a longer duration of AN before treatment.

• #1 Polygenic association with severity and long-term outcome in eating disorder cases | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-01831-2

  About 20% of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) remain chronically ill. Therefore, early identification of poor outcome could improve care. […] A severe and enduring eating disorder (SEED) describes those with AN or bulimia nervosa (BN) with chronic symptoms, treatment non-response, and long duration of illness, variably defined as five, six, seven, or ten years. […] In AN, concurrent anxiety or depressive symptoms, psychosocial difficulties, long duration of illness prior to hospitalisation, low BMI, and inadequate weight gain during hospitalisation are associated with poor outcome in general and 21 years after initial hospitalisation. […] The largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) published as of 2020 associated eight risk loci with AN and indicated a genetic sharing between AN and BMI and between AN and schizophrenia, corroborating observed comorbidity and familiality in clinical and epidemiological studies.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40519-025-01731-6

  This study aimed to develop and evaluate the Newbridge Prognosis Score (NPS), a prognostic questionnaire designed for use by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) when an anorexia nervosa (AN) patient is discharged from an inpatient treatment facility for eating disorders. […] The NPS significantly correlates with key recovery items, such as weight maintenance, lower eating disorder psychopathology, subsequent need for readmission and engagement in follow-up. Higher NPS scores predict poorer outcomes, such as more severe psychopathology, lower weight or weight loss and higher readmission risk at follow-up. […] The NPS shows promise as a potential tool for predicting short-term outcomes following AN treatment. […] The NPS consolidates the expertise of diverse professionals involved in a patients care, including psychiatrists, psychologists, dietitians, and nurses, to systematically evaluate key prognostic factors.

• #1 Establishing a Prediction Model for Weight Loss Outcomes After LSG in | DMSO

  https://www.dovepress.com/establishing-a-prediction-model-for-weight-loss-outcomes-after-lsg-in–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO

  In obese Chinese patients with a BMI 32.5 kg/m2, the Inbody-based nomogram integrating REE/BW, FFMI, and WC offers an effective preoperative tool for predicting weight loss outcomes one year after LSG, facilitating surgical planning and postoperative management. […] This study aims to identify key body composition indicators that can predict weight loss outcomes in Chinese patients undergoing LSG and to establish a preoperative predictive model, providing valuable insights for clinical decision-making by bariatric surgeons. […] The five most influential variables were subsequently included in a multivariate logistic regression model, which indicated that REE/BW, FFMI, and WC were independent predictors of weight loss outcomes. […] This study developed a preoperative predictive model for weight loss outcomes following LSG by integrating three key indicators: REE/BW, FFMI, and WC. […] In conclusion, the combination of REE/BW, FFMI, and WC provides a relatively accurate preoperative prediction of weight loss outcomes one year post-LSG.

• #2 Anorexia nervosa: 30-year outcome | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/anorexia-nervosa-30year-outcome/1938E2FAFC6518654451ACD7BE0428E2

  High mortality rates were also found in a meta-analysis reporting a standardised mortality ratio of six for anorexia nervosa. […] The outcome of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa was more favourable in terms of mortality and chronicity than the outcome of anorexia nervosa with variable onset, including patients with adult onset. […] Recovery from anorexia nervosa was observed in 51% of patients after 21 years in the German study, in 63% of patients after 22 years in the American study and in 76% of patients after 33 years in the Swedish study. […] In the anorexia nervosa group, 64% (n = 30) were considered fully recovered. […] Those with full recovery of eating disorder symptoms had significantly better outcome according to the GAF and MorganRussell averaged scale score than those without full eating disorder symptom recovery.

• #2 The outcome at follow-up after inpatient eating disorder treatment: a naturalistic study | Journal of Eating Disorders | Full Text

  https://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40337-020-00349-6

  The investigation of predictors of remission at follow-up indicated that lower scores for core ED symptoms at admission, achievement of increased BMI and reduced core ED symptoms during inpatient treatment increased the probability of remission at follow-up. […] The results indicated that having lower levels of core ED symptoms at admission, achieving higher BMI during inpatient treatment, and having a reduction in the core ED symptoms during inpatient treatment increased the probability of remission at follow-up. […] In our study, the importance of weight restoration during inpatient treatment as a predictor of remission is highlighted. […] To summarize, our results indicate that remission is possible for patients with EDs who need inpatient treatment, but also that many such patients have only a modest effect from the specialized treatment they receive.

• #2 Predictors of illness course and health maintenance following inpatient treatment among patients with anorexia nervosa | Journal of Eating Disorders | Full Text

  https://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40337-020-00348-7

  Weight status (higher BMI) and duration of illness are key factors in the prognosis of AN. […] Higher weight targets in intensive treatments may be of value in improving outcomes. […] Longer duration of illness predicted faster weight loss after discharge, and was related to greater self-reported day-to-day impairment over time. […] Higher weight at discharge was associated with maintaining healthy weight over the follow-up period. […] High anxiety at discharge was associated with lower BMI over the 5-years of follow-up, while increased eating disorder severity was associated with greater day-to-day impairment. […] Results of this longitudinal study highlight that weight status at discharge and duration of illness are key factors in the course of AN. […] The significant impact of duration of illness on prognosis presents a clinical conundrum: intensive treatment seems indicated, yet it is burdensome to provide if relapse rates are high.

• #2 Psychological Factors Predict Eating Disorder Onset and Maintenance at 10-year Follow-up

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4096787/

  Only perfectionism emerged as a significant predictor of eating disorder maintenance at 10-year follow-up. […] Given that perfectionism predicted both eating disorder onset and maintenance, targeting high perfectionism in both eating disorder prevention and treatment may be crucial to averting the occurrence and chronic nature of these disorders. […] Findings from the current study provide further evidence that psychological factors differentially contribute to the onset and maintenance of eating pathology. Results indicate that perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, and maturity fears predict onset of eating disorders but only perfectionism predicted maintenance.

• #2 Brain, behavior, cognition, and physical health in first-onset adolescent anorexia nervosa: The BRAVE Study design and cohort profile | Published in Aperture Neuro

  https://apertureneuro.org/article/116180-brain-behavior-cognition-and-physical-health-in-first-onset-adolescent-anorexia-nervosa-the-brave-study-design-and-cohort-profile

  Eating disorder characteristics, including a low body mass index (BMI) and body image disturbances, and more social and psychological problems have been shown to predict a worse outcome. […] Results regarding the predictive value of physical health measures on treatment outcome are mixed. A lower BMI at admission and a higher rate of weight loss predict a poorer long-term outcome in patients with AN. […] The identification of prognostic factors can not only help with treatment planning, but can also provide important insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of AN. […] The goal is that we will be able to identify predictive patterns for treatment response within the heterogeneous presentation of symptoms of AN and co-morbid symptoms of psychopathology in adolescent girls.

• #2 Polygenic association with severity and long-term outcome in eating disorder cases | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-01831-2

  Our results suggest that a PGS indicating genetic liability to BMI may be a useful adjunct tool in predicting who is at risk for developing a severe and enduring form of the illness. […] These results encourage the expansion of genetic studies of eating disorders to accelerate discovery and impact.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40519-025-01731-6

  The results of this study underscore the promise of the Newbridge Prognosis Score (NPS) as a predictive tool for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) transitioning from inpatient treatment to community settings. […] Significant correlations between NPS scores and critical recovery outcomes, such as weight restoration, eating disorder psychopathology and subsequent readmission, highlight the tools utility in identifying adolescents at greater risk of poor outcomes. […] Participants with poor prognosis scores had a 2.5-fold increased risk of readmission compared to those with excellent or good scores. […] The inclusion of psychological and family dynamics aligns with research emphasizing the role of holistic recovery in AN. […] The study also underscores the importance of holistic assessments in AN recovery. […] The Newbridge Prognosis Score represents a promising step toward standardised short-term outcome prediction in adolescents with AN.

• #3 Predictors of illness course and health maintenance following inpatient treatment among patients with anorexia nervosa | Journal of Eating Disorders | Full Text

  https://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40337-020-00348-7

  The more favorable prognosis associated with shorter duration of illness suggests that early intervention may be important, as well. […] Higher BMI at discharge significantly increased the likelihood of meeting criteria for two of the good outcome categories. […] Specifically, a one unit increase in BMI at discharge led to a 2.21-fold increase in the odds of maintaining a BMI18.5kg/m2 and a 3.18-fold increase in the odds of maintaining of a BMI19.5kg/m2. […] Longer duration of illness significantly decreased the likelihood of maintaining BMI of 18.5kg/m2 and an EDE-Q Global Score of 2 across all time points. […] Specifically, for every year increase in duration of illness, there was a 0.88-fold decrease in the odds of a participant maintaining weight within a normal range and reduced eating disorder symptoms.

• #3 Anorexia nervosa: 30-year outcome | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/anorexia-nervosa-30year-outcome/1938E2FAFC6518654451ACD7BE0428E2

  Higher age at onset of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa predicted better general outcome. […] This finding implies that among school health nurses, school doctors, child psychiatrists and paediatricians more effort needs to be made to detect individuals with a very early onset of anorexia nervosa, i.e. in childhood and early adolescence.

• #4 Predictors of illness course and health maintenance following inpatient treatment among patients with anorexia nervosa | Journal of Eating Disorders | Full Text

  https://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40337-020-00348-7

  Higher EDE-Q score at discharge significantly decreased the likelihood of meeting criteria for this category, such that a one-point increase in EDE-Q Global score led to a 0.29-fold decrease in the odds of a participant maintaining a BMI 18.5kg/m2 and an EDE-Q score 2. […] Our findings reinforce the value of weight gain well within the normal range as a goal of treatment, and the importance of considering the role of duration of illness in overall prognosis and treatment planning.

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