Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Any Mood Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-mood-disorder

  Any mood disorder represents a category of mental illnesses in which the underlying problem primarily affects a persons persistent emotional state (their mood). […] Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), Figure 1 shows past year prevalence of any mood disorder among U.S. adults aged 18 or older. An estimated 9.7% of U.S. adults had any mood disorder in the past year. Past year prevalence of any mood disorder among adults was higher for females (11.6%) than for males (7.7%). […] An estimated 21.4% of U.S. adults experience any mood disorder at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with any mood disorder in the past year, degree of impairment ranged from mild to serious, as shown in Figure 2. An estimated 45.0% had serious impairment, 40.0% had moderate impairment, and 15.0% had mild impairment.

• #2 【Public Health Seminar Series】Mood Disorders: Epidemiology, Psychopathology and Psychological Interventions-VANKE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH,TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY

  https://vsph.tsinghua.edu.cn/en/info/1026/1174.htm

  Mood disorders are a global public health problem because of their high prevalence, chronicity, and recurrence throughout the lifespan as well as increased risk of mortality. […] Dr. Chen will present on the epidemiology, psychopathology and psychological intervention studies of mood disorders, including 1) the effectiveness of brief psychoeducation intervention in patients with bipolar disorder; 2) the neural correlates of emotional processing in depression; 3) epidemiology of mood problems in different populations, such as school adolescents, sexual and gender minorities, and general population under the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #3 【Public Health Seminar Series】Mood Disorders: Epidemiology,Psychopathology and Psychological Interventions-VANKE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH,TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY

  https://vsph.tsinghua.edu.cn/en/info/1103/1259.htm

  Mood disorders are a global public health problem because of their high prevalence, chronicity, and recurrence throughout the lifespan as well as increased risk of mortality. […] Dr. Chen will present on the epidemiology, psychopathology and psychological intervention studies of mood disorders, including 1) the effectiveness of brief psychoeducation intervention in patients with bipolar disorder; 2) the neural correlates of emotional processing in depression; 3) epidemiology of mood problems in different populations, such as school adolescents, sexual and gender minorities, and general population under the COVID-19 pandemic. […] His research interests are psychiatric epidemiology, psychopathology and clinical psychology, with focuses on mood disorders, self-harm, suicide and gender dysphoria.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

  In 2019, 1 in every 8 people, or 970 million people around the world were living with a mental disorder, with anxiety and depressive disorders the most common (1). […] In 2020, the number of people living with anxiety and depressive disorders rose significantly because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial estimates show a 26% and 28% increase respectively for anxiety and major depressive disorders in just one year (2). […] Most people with mental disorders do not have access to effective care. […] The prevalence of PTSD and other mental disorders is high in conflict-affected settings (3). […] Health systems have not yet adequately responded to the needs of people with mental disorders and are significantly under resourced. […] The gap between the need for treatment and its provision is wide all over the world; and is often poor in quality when delivered.

• #5 Epidemiology of Mood Disorders | Neupsy Key

  https://neupsykey.com/epidemiology-of-mood-disorders/

  Epidemiology of Mood Disorders Peter R. Joyce The Global Burden of Disease, which is a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases and injuries in 1990 and projected to 2020, highlights the importance of mood disorders for the world. Using the measure of disability-adjusted life years, it was determined that unipolar major depression was the fourth leading cause of disease burden in the world. It was also projected that, in the year 2020, unipolar major depression would be the second leading cause of disease burden in the world. […] The mood disorders have received considerable attention in psychiatric epidemiology over the last 25 years. […] Thus, there is substantial data from around the world on the epidemiology of these disorders. […] In the NCS, all identified bipolar I individuals suffered from at least one, and often up to three or more, comorbid disorders.

• #6 Indicators of Co-occurrence of Mood Disorder with Chronic Medical Conditions: Evidence from an Administrative Claims Data Analysis | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.23296173v1.full-text

  Objective Mood disorder (including major depression and bipolar disorder) prevalence is over 10% and accounts for a significant share of global disease burden. […] Mood disorders have a lifetime prevalence of over 10% worldwide. […] Mood disorders present a substantial share of the global disease burden as measured with disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). […] Globally, mood disorders affect approximately 310 million people, of which 264 million were documented to have a major depressive disorder (MDD) and 46 million had bipolar disorders. […] The negative impact of mood disorders and co-occurring mental disorders on global disease burden and DALYs, a metric that considers both disorder-associated mortality and years lived with disability. […] Mood disorders also accounts for many premature mortalities, including close to a million suicides annually across the world.

• #7

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression is a common mental disorder. […] Globally, an estimated 5% of adults suffer from depression. […] More than 700 000 people die due to suicide every year. […] Although there are known, effective treatments for mental disorders, more than 75% of people in low- and middle-income countries receive no treatment. […] Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. […] Prevention programmes have been shown to reduce depression. […] WHOs Mental health action plan 20132030 highlights the steps required to provide appropriate interventions for people with mental disorders including depression. […] Depression and self-harm/suicide are among the priority conditions covered by WHOs Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP).

• #8 Mood Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558911/

  Mood disorders are common psychiatric disorders leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. […] Major depression has a lifetime prevalence of about 5% to 17%. Women have almost twice the prevalence rate vs. men. […] The annual prevalence rate of depression is 7.1% in U.S. adults, while the annual prevalence rate for bipolar disorder is 2.8%. […] Mood disorders are commonly seen in children and adolescents with an estimated rate of 15% suffering from any mood disorder, and 12% have a mood disorder with severe impairment. […] Research shows the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder ranges from 0.8% to 4.3% in children. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder subtypes is 0.6% for bipolar I, 0.4% for bipolar II, and 2.4% for bipolar spectrum disorder (BPS).

• #9 4.3: Mood Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts

  https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/02%3A_Part_II._Mental_Disorders__Block_1/04%3A_Mood_Disorders/4.03%3A_Mood_Disorders_-_Epidemiology

  According to the DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022), the 12-month prevalence rate for major depressive disorder is approximately 7% within the United States. […] The prevalence rate for DSM-IV dysthymic disorder is much lower than MDD, with a 0.5% rate among adults in the United States, while DSM-IV chronic major depressive disorder is 1.5%. […] As well, individuals in the 18- to 29- year-old age bracket report the highest rates of MDD than any other age group. […] Women experience about twofold higher rates than men of MDD, especially between menarche and menopause (APA, 2022). […] The estimated lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder in women is 21.3% compared to 12.7% in men (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2001). […] The 12-month prevalence of bipolar I disorder in the United States is 1.5% and did not differ statistically between men and women.

• #10 Any Mood Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-mood-disorder

  Any mood disorder represents a category of mental illnesses in which the underlying problem primarily affects a persons persistent emotional state (their mood). […] Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), Figure 1 shows past year prevalence of any mood disorder among U.S. adults aged 18 or older. An estimated 9.7% of U.S. adults had any mood disorder in the past year. Past year prevalence of any mood disorder among adults was higher for females (11.6%) than for males (7.7%). […] An estimated 21.4% of U.S. adults experience any mood disorder at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with any mood disorder in the past year, degree of impairment ranged from mild to serious, as shown in Figure 2. An estimated 45.0% had serious impairment, 40.0% had moderate impairment, and 15.0% had mild impairment.

• #11 SciELO Brazil – Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/Z9ycMhR3KMS8vtvgjXkCqRc/

  The identification and treatment of mood disorders in children and adolescents has grown over the last decades. […] This review aims to highlight clinical aspects of the current knowledge on mood disorders in the pediatric population, presenting updated information on epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and management strategies. […] Together, they represent a large burden to young people worldwide, accounting for more than one-tenth of the global burden of disease among 10 to 24 year-olds. […] The impact of mood disorders on mortality is also marked. […] During adolescence, the cumulative risk for the occurrence of a depressive episode rises from 5 to 20%. […] A major risk factor for the development of depressive disorders is the high familial loading of depression. […] The median duration of a major depressive episode in children and adolescents referred to treatment is approximately 8 months.

• #12 4.3: Mood Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts

  https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/02%3A_Part_II._Mental_Disorders__Block_1/04%3A_Mood_Disorders/4.03%3A_Mood_Disorders_-_Epidemiology

  According to the DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022), the 12-month prevalence rate for major depressive disorder is approximately 7% within the United States. […] The prevalence rate for DSM-IV dysthymic disorder is much lower than MDD, with a 0.5% rate among adults in the United States, while DSM-IV chronic major depressive disorder is 1.5%. […] As well, individuals in the 18- to 29- year-old age bracket report the highest rates of MDD than any other age group. […] Women experience about twofold higher rates than men of MDD, especially between menarche and menopause (APA, 2022). […] The estimated lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder in women is 21.3% compared to 12.7% in men (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2001). […] The 12-month prevalence of bipolar I disorder in the United States is 1.5% and did not differ statistically between men and women.

• #13 Module 4: Mood Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders

  https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-4-mood-disorders/

  According to the DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022), the 12-month prevalence rate for major depressive disorder is approximately 7% within the United States. […] The estimated lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder in women is 21.3% compared to 12.7% in men (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2001). […] The 12-month prevalence of bipolar I disorder in the United States is 1.5% and did not differ statistically between men and women. In contrast, bipolar II disorder has a prevalence rate of 0.8% in the United States and 0.3% internationally (APA, 2022) and some clinical samples suggest it is more common in women, with approximately 80-90% of individuals with rapid-cycling episodes being women (Bauer Pfenning, 2005). […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide over the age- and sex-adjusted general population rate.

• #14 Mood Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558911/

  Mood disorders are common psychiatric disorders leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. […] Major depression has a lifetime prevalence of about 5% to 17%. Women have almost twice the prevalence rate vs. men. […] The annual prevalence rate of depression is 7.1% in U.S. adults, while the annual prevalence rate for bipolar disorder is 2.8%. […] Mood disorders are commonly seen in children and adolescents with an estimated rate of 15% suffering from any mood disorder, and 12% have a mood disorder with severe impairment. […] Research shows the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder ranges from 0.8% to 4.3% in children. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder subtypes is 0.6% for bipolar I, 0.4% for bipolar II, and 2.4% for bipolar spectrum disorder (BPS).

• #15 Mood Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558911/

  Mood disorders are common psychiatric disorders leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. […] Major depression has a lifetime prevalence of about 5% to 17%. Women have almost twice the prevalence rate vs. men. […] The annual prevalence rate of depression is 7.1% in U.S. adults, while the annual prevalence rate for bipolar disorder is 2.8%. […] Mood disorders are commonly seen in children and adolescents with an estimated rate of 15% suffering from any mood disorder, and 12% have a mood disorder with severe impairment. […] Research shows the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder ranges from 0.8% to 4.3% in children. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder subtypes is 0.6% for bipolar I, 0.4% for bipolar II, and 2.4% for bipolar spectrum disorder (BPS).

• #16 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  The lifelong prevalence of bipolar disorder, including subsyndromal forms in the United States, has been noted to range from 0.9% to 2.1%. […] Studies also indicate differences in lifetime prevalence estimates for bipolar disorder type I (BPI) (1.0%), bipolar disorder type II (BPII) (1.1%), and subthreshold bipolar disorders (2.4-4.7%). […] Globally, the lifelong prevalence rate of bipolar disorder is 0.3-1.5%. […] In cross-sectional, face-to-face household surveys of more than 61,000 adults across 11 countries, Merikangas et al, using the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0, determined that the aggregate lifetime prevalences were 0.6% for BPI, 0.4% for BPII, 1.4% for subthreshold bipolar disorder, and 2.4% for bipolar spectrum.

• #17 Bipolar Disorder: A Concise Overview of Etiology, Epidemiology Diagnosis and Management: Review of Literatures

  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/psychology/psychology31.php

  Bipolar disorder occurs in approximately 1 percent of the population. […] Bipolar disorder is further characterized as type I or type II. […] Bipolar disorder is almost always recurrent and can be associated with severe illness-related morbidity and increased medical mortality. […] Bipolar disorder is equally prevalent in men and women. […] Bipolar disorder is common and disabling. […] The social and economic impact of the illness is enormous, and its impact on sufferers and their families can be devastating. […] Bipolar disorder was equated with classic manic depressive (i.e., bipolar I) disorder, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder was found to be approximately 1%. […] The recent results of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication has shown that the lifetime prevalence estimates were Studies also indicate differences in lifetime prevalence estimates for bipolar disorder type I (BPI) (1.0%), bipolar disorder type II (BPII) (1.1%), and sub threshold bipolar disorders (2.4-4.7%). […] The gender ratio in bipolar disorder (all subtypes combined) is approximately 1:1.

• #18 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  The lifelong prevalence of bipolar disorder, including subsyndromal forms in the United States, has been noted to range from 0.9% to 2.1%. […] Studies also indicate differences in lifetime prevalence estimates for bipolar disorder type I (BPI) (1.0%), bipolar disorder type II (BPII) (1.1%), and subthreshold bipolar disorders (2.4-4.7%). […] Globally, the lifelong prevalence rate of bipolar disorder is 0.3-1.5%. […] In cross-sectional, face-to-face household surveys of more than 61,000 adults across 11 countries, Merikangas et al, using the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0, determined that the aggregate lifetime prevalences were 0.6% for BPI, 0.4% for BPII, 1.4% for subthreshold bipolar disorder, and 2.4% for bipolar spectrum.

• #19 4.3: Mood Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts

  https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/02%3A_Part_II._Mental_Disorders__Block_1/04%3A_Mood_Disorders/4.03%3A_Mood_Disorders_-_Epidemiology

  In contrast, bipolar II disorder has a prevalence rate of 0.8% in the United States and 0.3% internationally (APA, 2022) and some clinical samples suggest it is more common in women, with approximately 80-90% of individuals with rapid-cycling episodes being women (Bauer Pfenning, 2005). […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide over the age- and sex-adjusted general population rate. […] In terms of bipolar disorders, the lifetime risk of suicide is estimated to be 20- to 30- fold greater than in the general population and 5-6% of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide. […] Major depressive disorder is experienced by about 7% of the population in the United States, afflicting young adults and women the most. […] Bipolar I disorder afflicts 1.5% and bipolar II disorder afflicts 0.8% of the U.S. population with bipolar II affecting women more than men and no gender difference being apparent for bipolar I. […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide while the lifetime risk of suicide for an individual with a bipolar disorder is estimated to be 20- to 30- fold greater than in the general population and 5-6% of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide.

• #20 Module 4: Mood Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders

  https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-4-mood-disorders/

  According to the DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022), the 12-month prevalence rate for major depressive disorder is approximately 7% within the United States. […] The estimated lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder in women is 21.3% compared to 12.7% in men (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2001). […] The 12-month prevalence of bipolar I disorder in the United States is 1.5% and did not differ statistically between men and women. In contrast, bipolar II disorder has a prevalence rate of 0.8% in the United States and 0.3% internationally (APA, 2022) and some clinical samples suggest it is more common in women, with approximately 80-90% of individuals with rapid-cycling episodes being women (Bauer Pfenning, 2005). […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide over the age- and sex-adjusted general population rate.

• #21 Mood Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558911/

  Mood disorders are common psychiatric disorders leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. […] Major depression has a lifetime prevalence of about 5% to 17%. Women have almost twice the prevalence rate vs. men. […] The annual prevalence rate of depression is 7.1% in U.S. adults, while the annual prevalence rate for bipolar disorder is 2.8%. […] Mood disorders are commonly seen in children and adolescents with an estimated rate of 15% suffering from any mood disorder, and 12% have a mood disorder with severe impairment. […] Research shows the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder ranges from 0.8% to 4.3% in children. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder subtypes is 0.6% for bipolar I, 0.4% for bipolar II, and 2.4% for bipolar spectrum disorder (BPS).

• #22 Mood Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558911/

  Mood disorders are common psychiatric disorders leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. […] Major depression has a lifetime prevalence of about 5% to 17%. Women have almost twice the prevalence rate vs. men. […] The annual prevalence rate of depression is 7.1% in U.S. adults, while the annual prevalence rate for bipolar disorder is 2.8%. […] Mood disorders are commonly seen in children and adolescents with an estimated rate of 15% suffering from any mood disorder, and 12% have a mood disorder with severe impairment. […] Research shows the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder ranges from 0.8% to 4.3% in children. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder subtypes is 0.6% for bipolar I, 0.4% for bipolar II, and 2.4% for bipolar spectrum disorder (BPS).

• #23 Any Mood Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-mood-disorder

  Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), Figure 3 shows lifetime prevalence of any mood disorder among U.S. adolescents aged 13-18. An estimated 14.3% of adolescents had any mood disorder, and an estimated 11.2% had severe impairment. The prevalence of any mood disorder among adolescents was higher for females (18.3%) than for males (10.5%).

• #24 SciELO Brazil – Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/Z9ycMhR3KMS8vtvgjXkCqRc/

  The identification and treatment of mood disorders in children and adolescents has grown over the last decades. […] This review aims to highlight clinical aspects of the current knowledge on mood disorders in the pediatric population, presenting updated information on epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and management strategies. […] Together, they represent a large burden to young people worldwide, accounting for more than one-tenth of the global burden of disease among 10 to 24 year-olds. […] The impact of mood disorders on mortality is also marked. […] During adolescence, the cumulative risk for the occurrence of a depressive episode rises from 5 to 20%. […] A major risk factor for the development of depressive disorders is the high familial loading of depression. […] The median duration of a major depressive episode in children and adolescents referred to treatment is approximately 8 months.

• #25 SciELO Brazil – Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/Z9ycMhR3KMS8vtvgjXkCqRc/

  The diagnostic assessment of depressive disorders can make use of formal procedures such as structured/semi-structured interviews or rating scales. […] Depending on the clinical context, 40 to 90% of children and adolescents with depressive disorders have at least one psychiatric comorbidity, and 50% of young people have two or more concurrent diagnoses. […] The first clues to the investigation of BD in children and adolescents derived from studies of adults with BD. […] An epidemiological study in prepubertal children conducted in the United States found a prevalence estimate of 0.1% of hypomania (BD type II), and no cases of mania (BD type I) in children aged 9 to 13 years. […] A different situation is observed among adolescents. […] Hereditary factors play an important role in BD etiology, and BD heritability has been suggested to be 0.56.

• #26 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults rose from 79.21 per 100,000 to 84.97 per 100,000. […] This period saw increases in incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for both genders. […] The age group 20-24 years experienced the most significant rise, from 51.76 per 100,000 in 1990 to 58.37 per 100,000 in 2019. […] BPI occurs equally in both sexes; however, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (≥4 episodes/y) is more common in women than in men. […] The incidence of BPII is higher in females than in males.

• #27 Global, regional and national burdens of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019 | General Psychiatry

  https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/37/1/e101255

  The burden of disease for bipolar disorder from 1990 to 2019 is reported, and secondary analysis of the data using Joinpoint regression reports the average annual percentage change. […] There is a growing consensus that bipolar disorder in adolescents and young adults is a major public health problem. […] The incidence of bipolar disorder in adolescents and young adults has increased every year since 1990. […] Bipolar disorder is the third leading cause of the burden of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years, and the burden has continued to grow since 1990 with no evidence of a reduction. […] The trend of increasing incidence of AAPC was observed in all five differing levels of SDI areas during the three decades. […] The findings of this study indicate a rise in the prevalence of bipolar disorder in adolescents and young adults globally between 1990 and 2019, with marked regional differences.

• #28 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  One of the most consistent findings across epidemiological studies is the gender disparity in mood disorders, particularly depression. Understanding these differences provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to mood disorders. […] Research consistently shows that women are approximately twice as likely as men to experience depression during their lifetime. This 2:1 ratio emerges during adolescence and persists throughout adulthood: Hormonal factors: Fluctuations in reproductive hormones may contribute to mood vulnerability in women. Times of hormonal change puberty, premenstrual periods, postpartum, and perimenopause are associated with increased risk for depressive episodes. Biological differences: Research suggests differences in stress response systems, neurotransmitter function, and genetic expressions between males and females may create different vulnerabilities to mood disorders. Psychosocial factors: Women often face unique stressors, including gender-based discrimination, higher rates of childhood abuse and domestic violence, and the double burden of work and family responsibilities. Reporting differences: Some research suggests that men and women may experience depression differently, with men more likely to report irritability, anger, and substance use rather than sadness symptoms that might not be captured by standard diagnostic criteria.

• #29 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  One of the most consistent findings across epidemiological studies is the gender disparity in mood disorders, particularly depression. Understanding these differences provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to mood disorders. […] Research consistently shows that women are approximately twice as likely as men to experience depression during their lifetime. This 2:1 ratio emerges during adolescence and persists throughout adulthood: Hormonal factors: Fluctuations in reproductive hormones may contribute to mood vulnerability in women. Times of hormonal change puberty, premenstrual periods, postpartum, and perimenopause are associated with increased risk for depressive episodes. Biological differences: Research suggests differences in stress response systems, neurotransmitter function, and genetic expressions between males and females may create different vulnerabilities to mood disorders. Psychosocial factors: Women often face unique stressors, including gender-based discrimination, higher rates of childhood abuse and domestic violence, and the double burden of work and family responsibilities. Reporting differences: Some research suggests that men and women may experience depression differently, with men more likely to report irritability, anger, and substance use rather than sadness symptoms that might not be captured by standard diagnostic criteria.

• #30 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  One of the most consistent findings across epidemiological studies is the gender disparity in mood disorders, particularly depression. Understanding these differences provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to mood disorders. […] Research consistently shows that women are approximately twice as likely as men to experience depression during their lifetime. This 2:1 ratio emerges during adolescence and persists throughout adulthood: Hormonal factors: Fluctuations in reproductive hormones may contribute to mood vulnerability in women. Times of hormonal change puberty, premenstrual periods, postpartum, and perimenopause are associated with increased risk for depressive episodes. Biological differences: Research suggests differences in stress response systems, neurotransmitter function, and genetic expressions between males and females may create different vulnerabilities to mood disorders. Psychosocial factors: Women often face unique stressors, including gender-based discrimination, higher rates of childhood abuse and domestic violence, and the double burden of work and family responsibilities. Reporting differences: Some research suggests that men and women may experience depression differently, with men more likely to report irritability, anger, and substance use rather than sadness symptoms that might not be captured by standard diagnostic criteria.

• #31 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  In the Indian context, additional factors may exacerbate gender differences in depression rates. Cultural expectations, arranged marriages, patriarchal family structures, and economic dependence can create additional stressors for women that increase vulnerability to depression. […] Unlike depression, bipolar disorder shows more equal gender distribution in lifetime prevalence. However, important gender differences exist in how the disorder manifests: Equal lifetime risk: Men and women have approximately equal lifetime chances of developing bipolar disorder. Different presentation patterns: Women with bipolar disorder tend to experience more depressive episodes and rapid cycling, while men often experience more manic episodes. Reproductive events: Women face increased risk for mood episodes during postpartum periods, with approximately 20-30% experiencing postpartum depression and a smaller percentage developing postpartum psychosis or mania.

• #32 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  In the Indian context, additional factors may exacerbate gender differences in depression rates. Cultural expectations, arranged marriages, patriarchal family structures, and economic dependence can create additional stressors for women that increase vulnerability to depression. […] Unlike depression, bipolar disorder shows more equal gender distribution in lifetime prevalence. However, important gender differences exist in how the disorder manifests: Equal lifetime risk: Men and women have approximately equal lifetime chances of developing bipolar disorder. Different presentation patterns: Women with bipolar disorder tend to experience more depressive episodes and rapid cycling, while men often experience more manic episodes. Reproductive events: Women face increased risk for mood episodes during postpartum periods, with approximately 20-30% experiencing postpartum depression and a smaller percentage developing postpartum psychosis or mania.

• #33 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  These gender differences highlight the need for gender-sensitive approaches to both diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders. […] The age of onset for mood disorders provides valuable information about critical periods of vulnerability and can guide prevention efforts as well as early intervention strategies. […] Bipolar disorder typically emerges earlier in life compared to unipolar depression: Peak onset period: Most cases of bipolar disorder begin between ages 18-24. Early warning signs: Prodromal symptoms often appear during adolescence, sometimes misdiagnosed as behavioral problems, ADHD, or personality disorders. Later onset cases: When bipolar disorder emerges after age 50, it’s more likely to be associated with neurological or medical conditions. […] The early onset of bipolar disorder often leads to significant disruptions during critical developmental periods, affecting educational achievement, career establishment, and relationship formation.

• #34 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  These gender differences highlight the need for gender-sensitive approaches to both diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders. […] The age of onset for mood disorders provides valuable information about critical periods of vulnerability and can guide prevention efforts as well as early intervention strategies. […] Bipolar disorder typically emerges earlier in life compared to unipolar depression: Peak onset period: Most cases of bipolar disorder begin between ages 18-24. Early warning signs: Prodromal symptoms often appear during adolescence, sometimes misdiagnosed as behavioral problems, ADHD, or personality disorders. Later onset cases: When bipolar disorder emerges after age 50, it’s more likely to be associated with neurological or medical conditions. […] The early onset of bipolar disorder often leads to significant disruptions during critical developmental periods, affecting educational achievement, career establishment, and relationship formation.

• #35 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  These gender differences highlight the need for gender-sensitive approaches to both diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders. […] The age of onset for mood disorders provides valuable information about critical periods of vulnerability and can guide prevention efforts as well as early intervention strategies. […] Bipolar disorder typically emerges earlier in life compared to unipolar depression: Peak onset period: Most cases of bipolar disorder begin between ages 18-24. Early warning signs: Prodromal symptoms often appear during adolescence, sometimes misdiagnosed as behavioral problems, ADHD, or personality disorders. Later onset cases: When bipolar disorder emerges after age 50, it’s more likely to be associated with neurological or medical conditions. […] The early onset of bipolar disorder often leads to significant disruptions during critical developmental periods, affecting educational achievement, career establishment, and relationship formation.

• #36 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Depressive disorders show a broader range of onset ages: Typical onset range: First episodes commonly occur between ages 20-50, with a median age of onset around 32 years. Adolescent depression: Approximately 10-15% of cases begin during adolescence, with increasing recognition of childhood depression. Late-life depression: A second peak in onset occurs after age 60, often precipitated by health problems, bereavement, or social isolation. […] In India, some research suggests the age of onset for depression may be somewhat earlier than global averages, potentially related to earlier marriage ages, family stress, and economic pressures faced by young adults. […] Socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with mood disorders in complex ways that vary by disorder type and cultural context. […] Interestingly, bipolar disorder shows a somewhat different pattern from many mental health conditions: Higher prevalence in upper socioeconomic groups: Some studies suggest slightly higher rates of bipolar disorder diagnosis in higher education and income brackets. The social drift vs. social causation debate: Whether this pattern reflects true higher prevalence or better access to diagnosis remains debated. Creative achievement connection: The association between bipolar disorder and creative achievement may partially explain its distribution across socioeconomic levels.

• #37 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Depressive disorders show a broader range of onset ages: Typical onset range: First episodes commonly occur between ages 20-50, with a median age of onset around 32 years. Adolescent depression: Approximately 10-15% of cases begin during adolescence, with increasing recognition of childhood depression. Late-life depression: A second peak in onset occurs after age 60, often precipitated by health problems, bereavement, or social isolation. […] In India, some research suggests the age of onset for depression may be somewhat earlier than global averages, potentially related to earlier marriage ages, family stress, and economic pressures faced by young adults. […] Socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with mood disorders in complex ways that vary by disorder type and cultural context. […] Interestingly, bipolar disorder shows a somewhat different pattern from many mental health conditions: Higher prevalence in upper socioeconomic groups: Some studies suggest slightly higher rates of bipolar disorder diagnosis in higher education and income brackets. The social drift vs. social causation debate: Whether this pattern reflects true higher prevalence or better access to diagnosis remains debated. Creative achievement connection: The association between bipolar disorder and creative achievement may partially explain its distribution across socioeconomic levels.

• #38 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Depressive disorders show a broader range of onset ages: Typical onset range: First episodes commonly occur between ages 20-50, with a median age of onset around 32 years. Adolescent depression: Approximately 10-15% of cases begin during adolescence, with increasing recognition of childhood depression. Late-life depression: A second peak in onset occurs after age 60, often precipitated by health problems, bereavement, or social isolation. […] In India, some research suggests the age of onset for depression may be somewhat earlier than global averages, potentially related to earlier marriage ages, family stress, and economic pressures faced by young adults. […] Socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with mood disorders in complex ways that vary by disorder type and cultural context. […] Interestingly, bipolar disorder shows a somewhat different pattern from many mental health conditions: Higher prevalence in upper socioeconomic groups: Some studies suggest slightly higher rates of bipolar disorder diagnosis in higher education and income brackets. The social drift vs. social causation debate: Whether this pattern reflects true higher prevalence or better access to diagnosis remains debated. Creative achievement connection: The association between bipolar disorder and creative achievement may partially explain its distribution across socioeconomic levels.

• #39 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Depressive disorders show a broader range of onset ages: Typical onset range: First episodes commonly occur between ages 20-50, with a median age of onset around 32 years. Adolescent depression: Approximately 10-15% of cases begin during adolescence, with increasing recognition of childhood depression. Late-life depression: A second peak in onset occurs after age 60, often precipitated by health problems, bereavement, or social isolation. […] In India, some research suggests the age of onset for depression may be somewhat earlier than global averages, potentially related to earlier marriage ages, family stress, and economic pressures faced by young adults. […] Socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with mood disorders in complex ways that vary by disorder type and cultural context. […] Interestingly, bipolar disorder shows a somewhat different pattern from many mental health conditions: Higher prevalence in upper socioeconomic groups: Some studies suggest slightly higher rates of bipolar disorder diagnosis in higher education and income brackets. The social drift vs. social causation debate: Whether this pattern reflects true higher prevalence or better access to diagnosis remains debated. Creative achievement connection: The association between bipolar disorder and creative achievement may partially explain its distribution across socioeconomic levels.

• #40 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Depressive disorders show a broader range of onset ages: Typical onset range: First episodes commonly occur between ages 20-50, with a median age of onset around 32 years. Adolescent depression: Approximately 10-15% of cases begin during adolescence, with increasing recognition of childhood depression. Late-life depression: A second peak in onset occurs after age 60, often precipitated by health problems, bereavement, or social isolation. […] In India, some research suggests the age of onset for depression may be somewhat earlier than global averages, potentially related to earlier marriage ages, family stress, and economic pressures faced by young adults. […] Socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with mood disorders in complex ways that vary by disorder type and cultural context. […] Interestingly, bipolar disorder shows a somewhat different pattern from many mental health conditions: Higher prevalence in upper socioeconomic groups: Some studies suggest slightly higher rates of bipolar disorder diagnosis in higher education and income brackets. The social drift vs. social causation debate: Whether this pattern reflects true higher prevalence or better access to diagnosis remains debated. Creative achievement connection: The association between bipolar disorder and creative achievement may partially explain its distribution across socioeconomic levels.

• #41 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  In the Indian context, bipolar disorder diagnosis rates are higher in urban areas and among those with greater access to specialized mental health care, though this may reflect diagnostic availability rather than true prevalence differences. […] Depression shows a clearer relationship with socioeconomic disadvantage: Inverse relationship with SES: Lower income, education, and occupational status are associated with higher rates of depression. Financial stress as a trigger: Economic hardship, job insecurity, and financial stress are significant precipitating factors for depressive episodes. Social determinants in India: Studies in India show particularly strong associations between poverty, food insecurity, housing inadequacy, and depression rates. […] Rural areas in India face the combined challenges of higher poverty rates and limited access to mental health services, creating a significant treatment gap for mood disorders.

• #42 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  In the Indian context, bipolar disorder diagnosis rates are higher in urban areas and among those with greater access to specialized mental health care, though this may reflect diagnostic availability rather than true prevalence differences. […] Depression shows a clearer relationship with socioeconomic disadvantage: Inverse relationship with SES: Lower income, education, and occupational status are associated with higher rates of depression. Financial stress as a trigger: Economic hardship, job insecurity, and financial stress are significant precipitating factors for depressive episodes. Social determinants in India: Studies in India show particularly strong associations between poverty, food insecurity, housing inadequacy, and depression rates. […] Rural areas in India face the combined challenges of higher poverty rates and limited access to mental health services, creating a significant treatment gap for mood disorders.

• #43 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Epidemiological studies consistently show that mood disorders rarely occur in isolation. Understanding these comorbidity patterns provides insight into shared risk factors and guides comprehensive treatment approaches. […] Approximately 60-70% of people with mood disorders also experience anxiety disorders during their lifetime. Around 30-40% of individuals with bipolar disorder and 15-20% with depression develop substance use problems, often as attempts at self-medication. Mood disorders show bidirectional relationships with conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic pain syndromes. […] In India, comorbidity with alcohol use disorders is particularly prevalent among men with depression, while women more commonly experience comorbid anxiety disorders and somatic symptom presentations.

• #44 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Epidemiological studies consistently show that mood disorders rarely occur in isolation. Understanding these comorbidity patterns provides insight into shared risk factors and guides comprehensive treatment approaches. […] Approximately 60-70% of people with mood disorders also experience anxiety disorders during their lifetime. Around 30-40% of individuals with bipolar disorder and 15-20% with depression develop substance use problems, often as attempts at self-medication. Mood disorders show bidirectional relationships with conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic pain syndromes. […] In India, comorbidity with alcohol use disorders is particularly prevalent among men with depression, while women more commonly experience comorbid anxiety disorders and somatic symptom presentations.

• #45 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Epidemiological studies consistently show that mood disorders rarely occur in isolation. Understanding these comorbidity patterns provides insight into shared risk factors and guides comprehensive treatment approaches. […] Approximately 60-70% of people with mood disorders also experience anxiety disorders during their lifetime. Around 30-40% of individuals with bipolar disorder and 15-20% with depression develop substance use problems, often as attempts at self-medication. Mood disorders show bidirectional relationships with conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic pain syndromes. […] In India, comorbidity with alcohol use disorders is particularly prevalent among men with depression, while women more commonly experience comorbid anxiety disorders and somatic symptom presentations.

• #46 Epidemiology of Mood Disorders across the Life Span (Chapter 3) – Clinical Textbook of Mood Disorders

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/clinical-textbook-of-mood-disorders/epidemiology-of-mood-disorders-across-the-life-span/982414A4C13AD814DEF0D7145FC781D2

  This chapter provides a summary of the prevalence rates, patterns of comorbidity, treatment rates and impact and consequences of mood disorder subtypes in adults and youth. […] The emergence of evidence of prevalence of mood disorders in community-based samples during the past decade demonstrates that BPS is far more common than earlier estimated. […] Recent studies of the BPS in youth indicate that the peak prevalence of BPS emerges in late adolescence and early adulthood. […] Comorbidity between both BPD and MDD with other mental disorders is pervasive, with the greatest co-occurrence for anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. […] Despite a large increase in the proportion of people with mood disorders who receive professional treatment, there is still a large gap between those with impairing mood disorders who remain untreated. […] The global burdens of both BPD and MDD are equivalent to that of many other common chronic diseases, and there is tremendous impact of both subtypes of mood disorders at both the individual and societal levels.

• #47 Epidemiology of Mood Disorders | Neupsy Key

  https://neupsykey.com/epidemiology-of-mood-disorders/

  Epidemiology of Mood Disorders Peter R. Joyce The Global Burden of Disease, which is a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases and injuries in 1990 and projected to 2020, highlights the importance of mood disorders for the world. Using the measure of disability-adjusted life years, it was determined that unipolar major depression was the fourth leading cause of disease burden in the world. It was also projected that, in the year 2020, unipolar major depression would be the second leading cause of disease burden in the world. […] The mood disorders have received considerable attention in psychiatric epidemiology over the last 25 years. […] Thus, there is substantial data from around the world on the epidemiology of these disorders. […] In the NCS, all identified bipolar I individuals suffered from at least one, and often up to three or more, comorbid disorders.

• #48 SciELO Brazil – Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/Z9ycMhR3KMS8vtvgjXkCqRc/

  The diagnostic assessment of depressive disorders can make use of formal procedures such as structured/semi-structured interviews or rating scales. […] Depending on the clinical context, 40 to 90% of children and adolescents with depressive disorders have at least one psychiatric comorbidity, and 50% of young people have two or more concurrent diagnoses. […] The first clues to the investigation of BD in children and adolescents derived from studies of adults with BD. […] An epidemiological study in prepubertal children conducted in the United States found a prevalence estimate of 0.1% of hypomania (BD type II), and no cases of mania (BD type I) in children aged 9 to 13 years. […] A different situation is observed among adolescents. […] Hereditary factors play an important role in BD etiology, and BD heritability has been suggested to be 0.56.

• #49 Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/report-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance-system-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html

  In 2009/10, Nova Scotia had the highest age-standardized prevalence of the use of health services for mood and anxiety disorders (11.6%), while the lowest was observed in the Northwest Territories (5.8%). Provincial and territorial variations were observed over the surveillance period, including a significant annual increase in the age-standardized prevalence in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador, and a significant annual decrease in Ontario. […] A higher prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to a lesser degree ischemic heart disease, diabetes and hypertension, was observed among people who used health services for mood and anxiety disorders compared to those who did not. […] Future work involving the CCDSS related to mood and anxiety disorders includes but is not limited to: the ongoing collection and reporting of data on mood and anxiety disorders; developing an approach to study the chronicity of mood and anxiety disorders; and exploring other comorbid diseases and conditions.

• #50 Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – HPCDP: Volume 36-12, December 2016 – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-36-no-12-2016/report-summary-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html

  About three-quarters of Canadians who used health services for a mental illness annually consulted for mood and anxiety disorders. In 2009/10, almost 3.5 million Canadians (or 10%) used health services for mood and anxiety disorders. […] A higher prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to a lesser degree ischemic heart disease, diabetes and hypertension, was observed among people who used health services for mood and anxiety disorders compared to those who did not.

• #51 Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/report-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance-system-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html

  The higher prevalence of health service use for mood and anxiety disorders among adolescent and adult females compared to males is likely the result of a combination of several factors. Meanwhile, the higher prevalence of health service use among males aged 5 to 9 years may be explained by the fact that anxiety disorders are more prevalent among boys of this age compared to girls. […] The jurisdictional variations observed may relate to differences in the distribution of factors known to affect mental health such as financial situation, employment status, educational opportunities, social support and community engagement. However, differences in detection and treatment practices, as well as differences in data coding, remuneration models and shadow billing practices likely also play a role. […] Overall, results from this pan-Canadian pilot demonstrated that comorbid chronic diseases and conditions are more prevalent among people having used health services for mood and anxiety disorders compared to those who did not.

• #52 Bipolar Disorder: A Concise Overview of Etiology, Epidemiology Diagnosis and Management: Review of Literatures

  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/psychology/psychology31.php

  Bipolar disorder occurs in approximately 1 percent of the population. […] Bipolar disorder is further characterized as type I or type II. […] Bipolar disorder is almost always recurrent and can be associated with severe illness-related morbidity and increased medical mortality. […] Bipolar disorder is equally prevalent in men and women. […] Bipolar disorder is common and disabling. […] The social and economic impact of the illness is enormous, and its impact on sufferers and their families can be devastating. […] Bipolar disorder was equated with classic manic depressive (i.e., bipolar I) disorder, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder was found to be approximately 1%. […] The recent results of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication has shown that the lifetime prevalence estimates were Studies also indicate differences in lifetime prevalence estimates for bipolar disorder type I (BPI) (1.0%), bipolar disorder type II (BPII) (1.1%), and sub threshold bipolar disorders (2.4-4.7%). […] The gender ratio in bipolar disorder (all subtypes combined) is approximately 1:1.

• #53

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-004-0004-1

  This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, and genetic epidemiology of mood disorders in adults and children. The magnitude and impact of mood disorders in the community outweighs that of most other chronic diseases. […] Comorbidity of mood disorders with anxiety disorders and substance abuse has been documented widely. […] The results of family, twin, and adoption studies reveal that a positive family history is the most potent risk factor for mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder. […] The two areas that will inform future genetic research include phenomenologic studies that refine the validity of the current phenotypic classification of mood disorders, and application of study designs to elucidate specific factors that may explain the familial transmission of these disorders.

• #54 Prevalence of Mood Disorders and Associated Factors at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potocol for a Community Survey in La Manouba Governorate, Tunisia

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e174501792210250/FULLTEXT/

  The present survey aims to assess the overall mood disorder prevalence and identify associated socio-demographic and clinical factors in a Tunisian community sample, with special attention to the COVID-19 pandemic. […] Mood disorders are one of the leading causes of all non-fatal burdens of disease, with depression being at the top of the list. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the prevalence of mood disorders, especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMICs) and in vulnerable populations. […] This will be one of the very few household surveys in a general population sample to assess mental health problems and COVID-19-related variables since the beginning of the pandemic. Through this research, we aim to obtain an epidemiological profile of mood disorders in Tunisia and an estimation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their prevalence.

• #55 Epidemiology of Mood Disorders across the Life Span (Chapter 3) – Clinical Textbook of Mood Disorders

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/clinical-textbook-of-mood-disorders/epidemiology-of-mood-disorders-across-the-life-span/982414A4C13AD814DEF0D7145FC781D2

  This chapter provides a summary of the prevalence rates, patterns of comorbidity, treatment rates and impact and consequences of mood disorder subtypes in adults and youth. […] The emergence of evidence of prevalence of mood disorders in community-based samples during the past decade demonstrates that BPS is far more common than earlier estimated. […] Recent studies of the BPS in youth indicate that the peak prevalence of BPS emerges in late adolescence and early adulthood. […] Comorbidity between both BPD and MDD with other mental disorders is pervasive, with the greatest co-occurrence for anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. […] Despite a large increase in the proportion of people with mood disorders who receive professional treatment, there is still a large gap between those with impairing mood disorders who remain untreated. […] The global burdens of both BPD and MDD are equivalent to that of many other common chronic diseases, and there is tremendous impact of both subtypes of mood disorders at both the individual and societal levels.

• #56 Mental Illness Surveillance Among Adults in the United States

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6003a1.htm

  Mental illnesses account for a larger proportion of disability in developed countries than any other group of illnesses, including cancer and heart disease. In 2004, an estimated 25% of adults in the United States reported having a mental illness in the previous year. The economic cost of mental illness in the United States is substantial, approximately $300 billion in 2002. […] This report summarizes data from selected CDC surveillance systems that measure the prevalence and impact of mental illness in the U.S. adult population. CDC surveillance systems provide several types of mental health information: estimates of the prevalence of diagnosed mental illness from self-report or recorded diagnosis, estimates of the prevalence of symptoms associated with mental illness, and estimates of the impact of mental illness on health and well-being. Data from the CDC 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicate that 6.8% of adults had moderate to severe depression in the 2 weeks before completing the survey. State-specific data from the CDC 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the most recent BRFSS data available, indicate that the prevalence of moderate to severe depression was generally higher in southeastern states compared with other states.

• #57 Major Depressive Disorder – Epidemiology and Burden – Neurotorium

  https://neurotorium.org/slidedeck/major-depressive-disorder-epidemiology-and-burden/

  Depression is a highly prevalent disorder […] MDD is a leading cause of burden […] The burden associated with depression is large and increasing […] Depression is the most burdensome disorder of all brain diseases in the EU […] Depression has detrimental effects on overall health […] Depression is associated with significant personal and societal consequences […] The personal burden of MDD can be significant and wide-ranging […] MDD has significant costs to society […] Depression is associated with significant economic costs […] Mood disorders bears the highest total costs of brain disorders in Europe 2010 […] Mood disorders bears the highest total costs of mental disorders in Europe 2010 […] Depressive symptoms persist during periods of remission and subsequent depressive episodes […] Depression costs more to employers than is spent on managing it […] Depression directly impacts working time.

• #58 Any Mood Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-mood-disorder

  Any mood disorder represents a category of mental illnesses in which the underlying problem primarily affects a persons persistent emotional state (their mood). […] Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), Figure 1 shows past year prevalence of any mood disorder among U.S. adults aged 18 or older. An estimated 9.7% of U.S. adults had any mood disorder in the past year. Past year prevalence of any mood disorder among adults was higher for females (11.6%) than for males (7.7%). […] An estimated 21.4% of U.S. adults experience any mood disorder at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with any mood disorder in the past year, degree of impairment ranged from mild to serious, as shown in Figure 2. An estimated 45.0% had serious impairment, 40.0% had moderate impairment, and 15.0% had mild impairment.

• #59 Bipolar disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder

  Bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of disability worldwide and has a lifetime prevalence of about 1 to 3% in the general population. However, a reanalysis of data from the National Epidemiological Catchment Area survey in the United States suggested that 0.8% of the population experience a manic episode at least once (the diagnostic threshold for bipolar I) and a further 0.5% have a hypomanic episode (the diagnostic threshold for bipolar II or cyclothymia). Including sub-threshold diagnostic criteria, such as one or two symptoms over a short time-period, an additional 5.1% of the population, adding up to a total of 6.4%, were classified as having a bipolar spectrum disorder. A more recent analysis of data from a second US National Comorbidity Survey found that 1% met lifetime prevalence criteria for bipolar I, 1.1% for bipolar II, and 2.4% for subthreshold symptoms. Estimates vary about how many children and young adults have bipolar disorder. These estimates range from 0.6 to 15% depending on differing settings, methods, and referral settings, raising suspicions of overdiagnosis. One meta-analysis of bipolar disorder in young people worldwide estimated that about 1.8% of people between the ages of seven and 21 have bipolar disorder. Similar to adults, bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is thought to occur at a similar frequency in boys and girls.

• #60 4.3: Mood Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts

  https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/02%3A_Part_II._Mental_Disorders__Block_1/04%3A_Mood_Disorders/4.03%3A_Mood_Disorders_-_Epidemiology

  In contrast, bipolar II disorder has a prevalence rate of 0.8% in the United States and 0.3% internationally (APA, 2022) and some clinical samples suggest it is more common in women, with approximately 80-90% of individuals with rapid-cycling episodes being women (Bauer Pfenning, 2005). […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide over the age- and sex-adjusted general population rate. […] In terms of bipolar disorders, the lifetime risk of suicide is estimated to be 20- to 30- fold greater than in the general population and 5-6% of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide. […] Major depressive disorder is experienced by about 7% of the population in the United States, afflicting young adults and women the most. […] Bipolar I disorder afflicts 1.5% and bipolar II disorder afflicts 0.8% of the U.S. population with bipolar II affecting women more than men and no gender difference being apparent for bipolar I. […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide while the lifetime risk of suicide for an individual with a bipolar disorder is estimated to be 20- to 30- fold greater than in the general population and 5-6% of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide.

• #61 Module 4: Mood Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders

  https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-4-mood-disorders/

  According to the DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022), the 12-month prevalence rate for major depressive disorder is approximately 7% within the United States. […] The estimated lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder in women is 21.3% compared to 12.7% in men (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2001). […] The 12-month prevalence of bipolar I disorder in the United States is 1.5% and did not differ statistically between men and women. In contrast, bipolar II disorder has a prevalence rate of 0.8% in the United States and 0.3% internationally (APA, 2022) and some clinical samples suggest it is more common in women, with approximately 80-90% of individuals with rapid-cycling episodes being women (Bauer Pfenning, 2005). […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide over the age- and sex-adjusted general population rate.

• #62 4.3: Mood Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts

  https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/02%3A_Part_II._Mental_Disorders__Block_1/04%3A_Mood_Disorders/4.03%3A_Mood_Disorders_-_Epidemiology

  In contrast, bipolar II disorder has a prevalence rate of 0.8% in the United States and 0.3% internationally (APA, 2022) and some clinical samples suggest it is more common in women, with approximately 80-90% of individuals with rapid-cycling episodes being women (Bauer Pfenning, 2005). […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide over the age- and sex-adjusted general population rate. […] In terms of bipolar disorders, the lifetime risk of suicide is estimated to be 20- to 30- fold greater than in the general population and 5-6% of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide. […] Major depressive disorder is experienced by about 7% of the population in the United States, afflicting young adults and women the most. […] Bipolar I disorder afflicts 1.5% and bipolar II disorder afflicts 0.8% of the U.S. population with bipolar II affecting women more than men and no gender difference being apparent for bipolar I. […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide while the lifetime risk of suicide for an individual with a bipolar disorder is estimated to be 20- to 30- fold greater than in the general population and 5-6% of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide.

• #63 Module 4: Mood Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders

  https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-4-mood-disorders/

  In terms of bipolar disorders, the lifetime risk of suicide is estimated to be 20- to 30- fold greater than in the general population and 5-6% of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide. […] Major depressive disorder is experienced by about 7% of the population in the United States, afflicting young adults and women the most. […] Bipolar I disorder afflicts 1.5% and bipolar II disorder afflicts 0.8% of the U.S. population with bipolar II affecting women more than men and no gender difference being apparent for bipolar I. […] Individuals with a depressive disorder have a 17-fold increased risk for suicide while the lifetime risk of suicide for an individual with a bipolar disorder is estimated to be 20- to 30- fold greater than in the general population and 5-6% of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide.

• #64

  https://utjph.com/index.php/utjph/article/view/33826

  Mental health concerns in late-life is a growing public health challenge as the population aged 65 and older rapidly increases locally and worldwide. […] We undertook a population-based analysis to quantify the prevalence of mood disorders in late-life in Ontario, Canada and to identify potential risk factors, and consequences. […] The overall prevalence of mood disorders was 6.1% (4.9% among males, 7.1% among females). […] Statistically significant associations with mood disorder included age, sex, food insecurity, chronic opioid use, smoking, and morbidity. […] Individuals with mood disorders had increased odds of all long-term consequences, including hospitalization (adjusted OR [odds ratio]=1.55 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.31-1.83); admission to long-term care (adjusted OR=2.28 95% CI: 1.71-3.02); and death (adjusted OR=1.35 95% CI: 1.13-1.63).

• #65

  https://utjph.com/index.php/utjph/article/view/33826

  Mood disorders in late-life were strongly correlated with demographic and social/behavioural factors as well as long-term health utilization outcomes. […] The understanding of correlations between potential risk factors for mood disorders in late-life provides a basis for potential interventions to reduce their occurrence and consequences.

• #66 Mental Illness Surveillance Among Adults in the United States

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6003a1.htm

  Mental illnesses account for a larger proportion of disability in developed countries than any other group of illnesses, including cancer and heart disease. In 2004, an estimated 25% of adults in the United States reported having a mental illness in the previous year. The economic cost of mental illness in the United States is substantial, approximately $300 billion in 2002. […] This report summarizes data from selected CDC surveillance systems that measure the prevalence and impact of mental illness in the U.S. adult population. CDC surveillance systems provide several types of mental health information: estimates of the prevalence of diagnosed mental illness from self-report or recorded diagnosis, estimates of the prevalence of symptoms associated with mental illness, and estimates of the impact of mental illness on health and well-being. Data from the CDC 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicate that 6.8% of adults had moderate to severe depression in the 2 weeks before completing the survey. State-specific data from the CDC 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the most recent BRFSS data available, indicate that the prevalence of moderate to severe depression was generally higher in southeastern states compared with other states.

• #67 Mental Illness Surveillance Among Adults in the United States

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6003a1.htm

  Mental illnesses account for a larger proportion of disability in developed countries than any other group of illnesses, including cancer and heart disease. In 2004, an estimated 25% of adults in the United States reported having a mental illness in the previous year. The economic cost of mental illness in the United States is substantial, approximately $300 billion in 2002. […] This report summarizes data from selected CDC surveillance systems that measure the prevalence and impact of mental illness in the U.S. adult population. CDC surveillance systems provide several types of mental health information: estimates of the prevalence of diagnosed mental illness from self-report or recorded diagnosis, estimates of the prevalence of symptoms associated with mental illness, and estimates of the impact of mental illness on health and well-being. Data from the CDC 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicate that 6.8% of adults had moderate to severe depression in the 2 weeks before completing the survey. State-specific data from the CDC 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the most recent BRFSS data available, indicate that the prevalence of moderate to severe depression was generally higher in southeastern states compared with other states.

• #68 Epidemiology of Mood Disorders across the Life Span (Chapter 3) – Clinical Textbook of Mood Disorders

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/clinical-textbook-of-mood-disorders/epidemiology-of-mood-disorders-across-the-life-span/982414A4C13AD814DEF0D7145FC781D2

  This chapter provides a summary of the prevalence rates, patterns of comorbidity, treatment rates and impact and consequences of mood disorder subtypes in adults and youth. […] The emergence of evidence of prevalence of mood disorders in community-based samples during the past decade demonstrates that BPS is far more common than earlier estimated. […] Recent studies of the BPS in youth indicate that the peak prevalence of BPS emerges in late adolescence and early adulthood. […] Comorbidity between both BPD and MDD with other mental disorders is pervasive, with the greatest co-occurrence for anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. […] Despite a large increase in the proportion of people with mood disorders who receive professional treatment, there is still a large gap between those with impairing mood disorders who remain untreated. […] The global burdens of both BPD and MDD are equivalent to that of many other common chronic diseases, and there is tremendous impact of both subtypes of mood disorders at both the individual and societal levels.

• #69

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

  Only 29% of people with psychosis (5) and only one third of people with depression receive formal mental health care (6). […] WHO’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) uses evidence-based technical guidance, tools and training packages to expand services in countries, especially in resource-poor settings.

• #70 Major depressive disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

  Major depressive disorder affected approximately 163 million people in 2017 (2% of the global population). The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in France. In most countries the number of people who have depression during their lives falls within an 8–18% range. Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world (15%) compared to the developing world (11%). […] In the United States, 8.4% of adults (21 million individuals) have at least one episode within a year-long period; the probability of having a major depressive episode is higher for females than males (10.5% to 6.2%), and highest for those aged 18 to 25 (17%). 15% of adolescents, ages 12 to 17, in America are also affected by depression, which is equal to 3.7 million teenagers. Among individuals reporting two or more races, the US prevalence is highest. Out of all the people suffering from MDD, only about 35% seek help from a professional for their disorder.

• #71 Epidemiology of Mood Disorders | Neupsy Key

  https://neupsykey.com/epidemiology-of-mood-disorders/

  In the ECA study, 39 per cent of those with bipolar I or bipolar II disorders received outpatient psychiatric treatment within 1 year and about 10 per cent would receive inpatient treatment within a 6-month period. […] However, both of these studies suggest that more than half the individuals with bipolar disorder are not currently in psychiatric treatment and, given the high morbidity and mortality associated with bipolar disorder, this is of major concern. […] In considering the risk factors for bipolar disorder, it is useful to separate risk factors into those that are risk factors for lifetime vulnerability (for example genetic factors) and those that are risk factors for the onset of an episode of depression or mania (for example, life events). […] There is substantial evidence that seasonal patterns influence the onset of manic and depressive episodes. […] Adverse life events have been well documented to be precipitants of manic episodes, as well as depression.

• #72 Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/report-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance-system-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html

  The surveillance of mood and anxiety disorders is particularly challenging compared with that of other chronic diseases or conditions because of varying diagnostic accuracy. The varying duration of mood and anxiety disorder episodes, from one person to another, poses another unique surveillance challenge, as measures of true incidence are difficult to estimate. However, it is possible to estimate various period prevalences. […] The CCDSS may capture individuals who do not meet all standard diagnostic criteria for mood or anxiety disorders but were assigned a diagnostic code based on clinical assessment. Conversely, the CCDSS does not capture individuals meeting all standard diagnostic criteria for mood or anxiety disorders who did not receive a relevant diagnostic code. For these reasons, the CCDSS estimates represent the prevalence of health service use for mood and anxiety disorders, rather than the prevalence of diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders.

• #73 Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/report-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance-system-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html

  The surveillance of mood and anxiety disorders is particularly challenging compared with that of other chronic diseases or conditions because of varying diagnostic accuracy. The varying duration of mood and anxiety disorder episodes, from one person to another, poses another unique surveillance challenge, as measures of true incidence are difficult to estimate. However, it is possible to estimate various period prevalences. […] The CCDSS may capture individuals who do not meet all standard diagnostic criteria for mood or anxiety disorders but were assigned a diagnostic code based on clinical assessment. Conversely, the CCDSS does not capture individuals meeting all standard diagnostic criteria for mood or anxiety disorders who did not receive a relevant diagnostic code. For these reasons, the CCDSS estimates represent the prevalence of health service use for mood and anxiety disorders, rather than the prevalence of diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders.

• #74 ICES | Use of administrative data for the surveillance of mood and anxiety disorders

  https://www.ices.on.ca/publications/journal-articles/use-of-administrative-data-for-the-surveillance-of-mood-and-anxiety-disorders/

  Objective — There is increasing interest in the use of administrative data for surveillance and research in Australia. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of such data for the surveillance of mood and anxiety disorder using databases from the following Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia. […] Results — The prevalence of treated mood and/or anxiety disorder was similar in Nova Scotia, British Columbia, and Ontario at approximately 10%. The prevalence for Quebec was slightly lower at 8%. Findings from the provinces showed consistency across age and sex despite variations in data coding. Women tended to show a higher prevalence overall of mood and anxiety disorder than men. […] Conclusions — Administrative data can provide a useful, reliable and economical source of information for the surveillance of treated mood and/or anxiety disorder. Due to the lack of specificity, however, in the diagnoses and data capture, it may be difficult to conduct surveillance of mood and anxiety disorders as separate entities. These findings may have implications for the surveillance of mood and anxiety disorders in Australia with the development of a national network for the extraction, linkage and analysis of administrative data.

• #75 Bipolar disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder

  The incidence of bipolar disorder is similar in men and women as well as across different cultures and ethnic groups. A 2000 study by the World Health Organization found that prevalence and incidence of bipolar disorder are very similar across the world. Age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 ranged from 421.0 in South Asia to 481.7 in Africa and Europe for men and from 450.3 in Africa and Europe to 491.6 in Oceania for women. However, severity may differ widely across the globe. Disability-adjusted life year rates, for example, appear to be higher in developing countries, where medical coverage may be poorer and medication less available. Within the United States, Asian Americans have significantly lower rates than their African American and European American counterparts. In 2017, the Global Burden of Disease Study estimated there were 4.5 million new cases and a total of 45.5 million cases globally.

• #76 Bipolar disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder

  The incidence of bipolar disorder is similar in men and women as well as across different cultures and ethnic groups. A 2000 study by the World Health Organization found that prevalence and incidence of bipolar disorder are very similar across the world. Age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 ranged from 421.0 in South Asia to 481.7 in Africa and Europe for men and from 450.3 in Africa and Europe to 491.6 in Oceania for women. However, severity may differ widely across the globe. Disability-adjusted life year rates, for example, appear to be higher in developing countries, where medical coverage may be poorer and medication less available. Within the United States, Asian Americans have significantly lower rates than their African American and European American counterparts. In 2017, the Global Burden of Disease Study estimated there were 4.5 million new cases and a total of 45.5 million cases globally.

• #77 Major depressive disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

  Major depressive disorder affected approximately 163 million people in 2017 (2% of the global population). The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in France. In most countries the number of people who have depression during their lives falls within an 8–18% range. Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world (15%) compared to the developing world (11%). […] In the United States, 8.4% of adults (21 million individuals) have at least one episode within a year-long period; the probability of having a major depressive episode is higher for females than males (10.5% to 6.2%), and highest for those aged 18 to 25 (17%). 15% of adolescents, ages 12 to 17, in America are also affected by depression, which is equal to 3.7 million teenagers. Among individuals reporting two or more races, the US prevalence is highest. Out of all the people suffering from MDD, only about 35% seek help from a professional for their disorder.

• #78 Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/report-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance-system-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html

  In 2009/10, Nova Scotia had the highest age-standardized prevalence of the use of health services for mood and anxiety disorders (11.6%), while the lowest was observed in the Northwest Territories (5.8%). Provincial and territorial variations were observed over the surveillance period, including a significant annual increase in the age-standardized prevalence in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador, and a significant annual decrease in Ontario. […] A higher prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to a lesser degree ischemic heart disease, diabetes and hypertension, was observed among people who used health services for mood and anxiety disorders compared to those who did not. […] Future work involving the CCDSS related to mood and anxiety disorders includes but is not limited to: the ongoing collection and reporting of data on mood and anxiety disorders; developing an approach to study the chronicity of mood and anxiety disorders; and exploring other comorbid diseases and conditions.

• #79 Frontiers | Prevalence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Adults Seeking Care in Primary Healthcare Centers in Cordoba, Argentina.

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00232/full

  Prevalence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Adults Seeking Care in Primary Healthcare Centers in Cordoba, Argentina. […] The lifetime, 12-month and 30-day prevalence of any mood or anxiety disorder was 40.4%, 20.1%, and 7.8%, respectively. […] The prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders is high among adults seeking care in primary healthcare centers in Cordoba city, particularly among women. […] Results from the current study suggest that integrating mental health services into the primary health care strategy could contribute to reduce the treatment gap and improve the quality of care among individuals with mood and anxiety disorders, particularly in women.

• #80 Mood Disorders | Epidemiology of mental health disorders in the citizens of Tehran: a report from Tehran Cohort Study | springermedicine.com

  https://www.springermedicine.com/mood-disorders/affective-disorder/epidemiology-of-mental-health-disorders-in-the-citizens-of-tehra/25256384

  Almost 37.1% of Tehran residents suffered mental health problems (45.0% of women and 28.0% of men). […] Tehran residents have a significantly higher rate of mental health disorders compared to nationwide studies, with an estimated 2.7 million citizens requiring mental health care services. […] Awareness of mental health disorders and identifying vulnerable groups are crucial in developing mental health care programs by public health authorities.

• #81 Seasonal affective disorder: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-affective-disorder-epidemiology-clinical-features-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Seasonal affective disorder: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis […] The term seasonal affective disorder (SAD) describes episodes of major depression, mania, or hypomania that regularly occur during particular seasons. The most prevalent form of SAD is winter depression, marked by recurrent episodes of unipolar depression that begin in the fall or winter and, if left untreated, generally remit in the following spring or summer. Recognizing the disorder is important because SAD is common and associated with psychosocial impairment. In addition, acute treatment is often effective and maintenance treatment can prevent future episodes. Among patients who were recruited for randomized trials studying treatment of winter depression, nearly 60 percent had never been treated for depression.

• #82 Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500054-overview

  Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is considered to be a relatively common disorder. The prevalence of SAD tends to vary across populations influenced by latitude and assessment methods, with variations observed between countries such as the United States and Australia. […] The prevalence of SAD appears to be most linked to photoperiod and as such tends to be more prevalent with higher latitudes, though the evidence is not equivocal. […] In the United States, prevalence estimates range from 0.4% to as high as 10% depending on the methodology being used. […] There is significant evidence that people who migrate from lower to higher altitudes are more susceptible to SAD. […] SAD seems to affect women more commonly than men (4:1 ratio) and appears to decrease in prevalence with age. […] Winter-onset SAD is more common (often characterized by atypical depressive symptoms including; hypersomnia, increased appetite, and craving for carbohydrates). On the other hand, spring/summer also seen and is more frequently associated with insomnia and loss of appetite.

• #83 Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500054-overview

  Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is considered to be a relatively common disorder. The prevalence of SAD tends to vary across populations influenced by latitude and assessment methods, with variations observed between countries such as the United States and Australia. […] The prevalence of SAD appears to be most linked to photoperiod and as such tends to be more prevalent with higher latitudes, though the evidence is not equivocal. […] In the United States, prevalence estimates range from 0.4% to as high as 10% depending on the methodology being used. […] There is significant evidence that people who migrate from lower to higher altitudes are more susceptible to SAD. […] SAD seems to affect women more commonly than men (4:1 ratio) and appears to decrease in prevalence with age. […] Winter-onset SAD is more common (often characterized by atypical depressive symptoms including; hypersomnia, increased appetite, and craving for carbohydrates). On the other hand, spring/summer also seen and is more frequently associated with insomnia and loss of appetite.

• #84 Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500054-overview

  Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is considered to be a relatively common disorder. The prevalence of SAD tends to vary across populations influenced by latitude and assessment methods, with variations observed between countries such as the United States and Australia. […] The prevalence of SAD appears to be most linked to photoperiod and as such tends to be more prevalent with higher latitudes, though the evidence is not equivocal. […] In the United States, prevalence estimates range from 0.4% to as high as 10% depending on the methodology being used. […] There is significant evidence that people who migrate from lower to higher altitudes are more susceptible to SAD. […] SAD seems to affect women more commonly than men (4:1 ratio) and appears to decrease in prevalence with age. […] Winter-onset SAD is more common (often characterized by atypical depressive symptoms including; hypersomnia, increased appetite, and craving for carbohydrates). On the other hand, spring/summer also seen and is more frequently associated with insomnia and loss of appetite.

• #85 Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500054-overview

  Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is considered to be a relatively common disorder. The prevalence of SAD tends to vary across populations influenced by latitude and assessment methods, with variations observed between countries such as the United States and Australia. […] The prevalence of SAD appears to be most linked to photoperiod and as such tends to be more prevalent with higher latitudes, though the evidence is not equivocal. […] In the United States, prevalence estimates range from 0.4% to as high as 10% depending on the methodology being used. […] There is significant evidence that people who migrate from lower to higher altitudes are more susceptible to SAD. […] SAD seems to affect women more commonly than men (4:1 ratio) and appears to decrease in prevalence with age. […] Winter-onset SAD is more common (often characterized by atypical depressive symptoms including; hypersomnia, increased appetite, and craving for carbohydrates). On the other hand, spring/summer also seen and is more frequently associated with insomnia and loss of appetite.

• #86 Epidemiology of Mood Disorders across the Life Span (Chapter 3) – Clinical Textbook of Mood Disorders

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/clinical-textbook-of-mood-disorders/epidemiology-of-mood-disorders-across-the-life-span/982414A4C13AD814DEF0D7145FC781D2

  This chapter provides a summary of the prevalence rates, patterns of comorbidity, treatment rates and impact and consequences of mood disorder subtypes in adults and youth. […] The emergence of evidence of prevalence of mood disorders in community-based samples during the past decade demonstrates that BPS is far more common than earlier estimated. […] Recent studies of the BPS in youth indicate that the peak prevalence of BPS emerges in late adolescence and early adulthood. […] Comorbidity between both BPD and MDD with other mental disorders is pervasive, with the greatest co-occurrence for anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. […] Despite a large increase in the proportion of people with mood disorders who receive professional treatment, there is still a large gap between those with impairing mood disorders who remain untreated. […] The global burdens of both BPD and MDD are equivalent to that of many other common chronic diseases, and there is tremendous impact of both subtypes of mood disorders at both the individual and societal levels.

• #87 Epidemiology of Mood Disorders | Neupsy Key

  https://neupsykey.com/epidemiology-of-mood-disorders/

  Epidemiology of Mood Disorders Peter R. Joyce The Global Burden of Disease, which is a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases and injuries in 1990 and projected to 2020, highlights the importance of mood disorders for the world. Using the measure of disability-adjusted life years, it was determined that unipolar major depression was the fourth leading cause of disease burden in the world. It was also projected that, in the year 2020, unipolar major depression would be the second leading cause of disease burden in the world. […] The mood disorders have received considerable attention in psychiatric epidemiology over the last 25 years. […] Thus, there is substantial data from around the world on the epidemiology of these disorders. […] In the NCS, all identified bipolar I individuals suffered from at least one, and often up to three or more, comorbid disorders.

• #88

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression is a common mental disorder. […] Globally, an estimated 5% of adults suffer from depression. […] More than 700 000 people die due to suicide every year. […] Although there are known, effective treatments for mental disorders, more than 75% of people in low- and middle-income countries receive no treatment. […] Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. […] Prevention programmes have been shown to reduce depression. […] WHOs Mental health action plan 20132030 highlights the steps required to provide appropriate interventions for people with mental disorders including depression. […] Depression and self-harm/suicide are among the priority conditions covered by WHOs Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP).

• #89

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

  In 2019, 1 in every 8 people, or 970 million people around the world were living with a mental disorder, with anxiety and depressive disorders the most common (1). […] In 2020, the number of people living with anxiety and depressive disorders rose significantly because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial estimates show a 26% and 28% increase respectively for anxiety and major depressive disorders in just one year (2). […] Most people with mental disorders do not have access to effective care. […] The prevalence of PTSD and other mental disorders is high in conflict-affected settings (3). […] Health systems have not yet adequately responded to the needs of people with mental disorders and are significantly under resourced. […] The gap between the need for treatment and its provision is wide all over the world; and is often poor in quality when delivered.

• #90 Frontiers | Prevalence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Adults Seeking Care in Primary Healthcare Centers in Cordoba, Argentina.

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00232/full

  Prevalence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Adults Seeking Care in Primary Healthcare Centers in Cordoba, Argentina. […] The lifetime, 12-month and 30-day prevalence of any mood or anxiety disorder was 40.4%, 20.1%, and 7.8%, respectively. […] The prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders is high among adults seeking care in primary healthcare centers in Cordoba city, particularly among women. […] Results from the current study suggest that integrating mental health services into the primary health care strategy could contribute to reduce the treatment gap and improve the quality of care among individuals with mood and anxiety disorders, particularly in women.

• #91

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

  Only 29% of people with psychosis (5) and only one third of people with depression receive formal mental health care (6). […] WHO’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) uses evidence-based technical guidance, tools and training packages to expand services in countries, especially in resource-poor settings.

• #92

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression is a common mental disorder. […] Globally, an estimated 5% of adults suffer from depression. […] More than 700 000 people die due to suicide every year. […] Although there are known, effective treatments for mental disorders, more than 75% of people in low- and middle-income countries receive no treatment. […] Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. […] Prevention programmes have been shown to reduce depression. […] WHOs Mental health action plan 20132030 highlights the steps required to provide appropriate interventions for people with mental disorders including depression. […] Depression and self-harm/suicide are among the priority conditions covered by WHOs Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP).

• #93 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Despite the significant prevalence rates discussed, substantial evidence suggests that mood disorders remain underdiagnosed and undertreated: Globally, fewer than half of those with mood disorders receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment. In India and many other cultures, stigma, lack of awareness, and somatic presentation of psychological distress contribute to underdiagnosis. With approximately one psychiatrist per 200,000 people in India (compared to 1 per 10,000 in many Western countries), access to mental health expertise remains limited. […] This suggests that the true prevalence of mood disorders may be higher than current estimates indicate, particularly in regions with limited mental health resources. […] Understanding the epidemiology of mood disorders has important implications for public health planning, clinical practice, and individual awareness: The high prevalence of mood disorders justifies greater investment in mental health services and research. Knowing which populations are at higher risk allows for more effective prevention and early intervention programs. Recognizing how common these conditions are helps normalize seeking help and reduces shame. Primary care providers need better training in recognizing and treating mood disorders since they are often the first point of contact. […] As our understanding of the epidemiology of mood disorders continues to evolve, we can develop more effective strategies to address these common but often debilitating conditions.

• #94 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Despite the significant prevalence rates discussed, substantial evidence suggests that mood disorders remain underdiagnosed and undertreated: Globally, fewer than half of those with mood disorders receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment. In India and many other cultures, stigma, lack of awareness, and somatic presentation of psychological distress contribute to underdiagnosis. With approximately one psychiatrist per 200,000 people in India (compared to 1 per 10,000 in many Western countries), access to mental health expertise remains limited. […] This suggests that the true prevalence of mood disorders may be higher than current estimates indicate, particularly in regions with limited mental health resources. […] Understanding the epidemiology of mood disorders has important implications for public health planning, clinical practice, and individual awareness: The high prevalence of mood disorders justifies greater investment in mental health services and research. Knowing which populations are at higher risk allows for more effective prevention and early intervention programs. Recognizing how common these conditions are helps normalize seeking help and reduces shame. Primary care providers need better training in recognizing and treating mood disorders since they are often the first point of contact. […] As our understanding of the epidemiology of mood disorders continues to evolve, we can develop more effective strategies to address these common but often debilitating conditions.

• #95 How Common Are Mood Disorders? Insights from Research • Psychology Town

  https://psychology.town/mental-disorders/how-common-mood-disorders-research/

  Despite the significant prevalence rates discussed, substantial evidence suggests that mood disorders remain underdiagnosed and undertreated: Globally, fewer than half of those with mood disorders receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment. In India and many other cultures, stigma, lack of awareness, and somatic presentation of psychological distress contribute to underdiagnosis. With approximately one psychiatrist per 200,000 people in India (compared to 1 per 10,000 in many Western countries), access to mental health expertise remains limited. […] This suggests that the true prevalence of mood disorders may be higher than current estimates indicate, particularly in regions with limited mental health resources. […] Understanding the epidemiology of mood disorders has important implications for public health planning, clinical practice, and individual awareness: The high prevalence of mood disorders justifies greater investment in mental health services and research. Knowing which populations are at higher risk allows for more effective prevention and early intervention programs. Recognizing how common these conditions are helps normalize seeking help and reduces shame. Primary care providers need better training in recognizing and treating mood disorders since they are often the first point of contact. […] As our understanding of the epidemiology of mood disorders continues to evolve, we can develop more effective strategies to address these common but often debilitating conditions.

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