Materiały źródłowe

• #1 HIV and AIDS: The Basics | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics

  The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes HIV infection. If untreated, HIV may cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the most advanced stage of HIV infection. […] HIV attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocyte) of the immune system. The loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections, illnesses, and certain cancers. Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system, causing health decline and the onset of AIDS. With treatment, the immune system can recover. […] Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV, some people may have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, or rash. The symptoms may last for a few days to several weeks. Other possible symptoms of HIV include night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and mouth ulcers. Having these symptoms does not mean you have HIV. Other illnesses can cause the same symptoms. Some people may not feel sick during early HIV infection (called acute HIV). During this earliest stage of HIV infection, the virus multiplies rapidly. After the initial stage of infection, HIV continues to multiply but at lower levels.

• #1 The Stages of HIV Infection | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/stages-hiv-infection

  Without treatment using HIV medicines, HIV infection advances in stages, getting worse over time. […] The three stages of HIV infection are (1) acute HIV infection, (2) chronic HIV infection, and (3) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Without treatment, HIV infection gets progressively worse over time as the virus destroys key components of the immune system. Prolonged exposure to untreated HIV can eventually cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Acute HIV infection is the earliest stage of HIV infection, and it generally develops within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV. During this time, some people have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, and rash. […] The second stage of HIV infection is chronic HIV infection (also called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency). During this stage, HIV continues to multiply in the body but at very low levels. People with chronic HIV infection may not have any HIV-related symptoms.

• #1 The early signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS

  https://stdcenterny.com/hiv-signs-symptoms.html

  Most early HIV symptoms are nonspecific and commonly also caused by other viral infections, such as flu and mononucleosis. […] These are the most common symptoms of early HIV: Fever, Fatigue, joint, and muscle pain, Sore throat, Mouth sores, Body rash, Lymph node enlargement, Headache, Diarrhea. […] It is important to keep in mind that about 10% to 60% of people with newly acquired HIV do not get symptoms at all. […] Fever is one of the most common signs of acute HIV, and 75% of symptomatic people get it. […] Fatigue and muscle aches are other common symptoms of early HIV; 68% of symptomatic people get fatigue and 49% get muscle aches. […] Of all people with early HIV, 39% develop swollen lymph nodes. […] Among people with any early HIV symptoms, 40% develop mouth ulcerations. […] Generalized rash is a very common sign of early HIV. […] Forty-eight percent of people who have early HIV symptoms get skin rash. […] Forty-five percent of people with early HIV symptoms get headache. […] Twenty-seven percent of symptomatic people with early HIV get diarrhea.

• #1 Early HIV symptoms: What are they?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/expert-answers/early-hiv-symptoms/faq-20058415

  Early HIV symptoms most often appear 2 to 4 weeks after a person catches the virus. The symptoms can seem like a bad case of the flu. They often include: Fever and chills. Headache. Tiredness. Swollen lymph glands. Rash. Sore joints, muscles or throat. Weight loss. […] Early HIV symptoms are called acute retroviral syndrome or acute HIV infection. The symptoms are the body’s natural response to the virus. Many people with HIV get flu-like symptoms of it early on, but some people don’t. More-serious or longer lasting symptoms may not show up for years after a person first catches the virus. […] The early symptoms of HIV often go away within a week to a month. The risk of spreading the virus is very high during this time. If you’re concerned that you might have been exposed to HIV, talk to your health care provider about getting tested. […] Treatment can help people with HIV lead long, healthy lives. The drugs that treat HIV also can lower the risk of passing the virus to a partner.

• #1 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524

  The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary depending on the person and the phase of infection. […] Some people infected by HIV get a flu-like illness within 2 to 4 weeks after the virus enters the body. This stage may last a few days to several weeks. Some people have no symptoms during this stage. […] Possible symptoms include: Fever. Headache. Muscle aches and joint pain. Rash. Sore throat and painful mouth sores. Swollen lymph glands, also called nodes, mainly on the neck. Diarrhea. Weight loss. Cough. Night sweats. […] These symptoms can be so mild that you might not notice them. However, the amount of virus in your bloodstream, called viral load, is high at this time. As a result, the infection spreads to others more easily during primary infection than during the next stage. […] In this stage of infection, HIV is still in the body and cells of the immune system, called white blood cells. But during this time, many people don’t have symptoms or the infections that HIV can cause.

• #1 7 Symptoms Of The Early Stages Of HIV | Ending HIV

  https://endinghiv.org.au/blog/7-symptoms-of-hiv-early-stages/

  Lymph nodes are part of your bodys immune system and protect your blood by getting rid of bacteria and viruses. They tend to get inflamed when theres an infection. Many of them are located in your armpit, groin and neck which can result in aches and pains in these areas. […] Skin rashes can occur early or late in the course of HIV seroconversion and can last between two and three weeks. The rash may start as feeling non-itchy, but in some cases, can appear similar to boils with itchy, pink breakouts. […] Many people experience digestive system problems as a symptom of the early stages of HIV. However, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea can also appear in later stages of infection, usually as the result of an opportunistic infection. […] A severe, dry cough that can last for weeks to months without seeming to resolve (even with antibiotics and inhalers) is a typical symptom in very ill HIV patients. Any person with persistent symptoms such as these should see a doctor, especially if symptoms are worsening. […] Night sweats are repeated episodes of extreme sweating, causing bedding and any nightclothes to become soaked. Many people will get night sweats during the early stages of HIV. These can be even more common later in infection and arent related to exercise or the temperature of the room.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/symptoms/

  Most people infected with HIV experience a short, flu-like illness that occurs 2-6 weeks after infection. After this, HIV may not cause any symptoms for several years. […] The most common symptoms are: raised temperature (fever), sore throat, body rash. […] Other symptoms can include: tiredness, joint pain, muscle pain, swollen glands. […] The symptoms usually last 1-2 weeks, but can be longer. They’re a sign that your immune system is putting up a fight against the virus. […] After the initial symptoms disappear, HIV may not cause any further symptoms for many years. […] During this time, the virus continues to be active and causes progressive damage to your immune system. […] This process can vary from person to person, but may take up to 10 years, during which you’ll feel and appear well. […] Once the immune system becomes severely damaged, symptoms can include: weight loss, chronic diarrhoea, night sweats, skin problems, recurrent infections, serious life-threatening illnesses. […] Earlier diagnosis and treatment of HIV can prevent these problems.

• #1 About HIV | HIV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/about/index.html

  Most people have flu-like symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks after infection. […] Some people have no symptoms at all. The only way to know if you have HIV is to get tested. […] When people with HIV don’t get treatment, they typically progress through three stages. But HIV treatment can slow or prevent progression of the disease. With advances in HIV treatment, progression to Stage 3 (AIDS) is less common today. […] People have a large amount of HIV in their blood and are very contagious. Many people have flu-like symptoms. […] This stage is also called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency. People may not have any symptoms or get sick during this phase but can transmit HIV. […] The most severe stage of HIV infection. People receive an AIDS diagnosis when their CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells per milliliter of blood, or they develop certain illnesses (sometimes called opportunistic infections). People with AIDS can have a high viral load and may easily transmit HIV to others. People with AIDS have damaged immune systems. They can get an increasing number of other serious illnesses. Without HIV treatment, people with AIDS typically survive about three years.

• #1 Symptoms of HIV and AIDS | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/symptoms.html

  Some people may develop a flu-like illness within a month or two after exposure to the HIV virus, although, many people do not develop any symptoms at all when they first become infected. […] Persistent or severe symptoms may not surface for 10 years or more, after HIV first enters the body in adults, or within two years in children born with an HIV infection. This „asymptomatic” period of the infection is highly variable from person to person. But, during the asymptomatic period, HIV is actively infecting and killing cells of the immune system. Its most obvious effect is a decline in the blood levels of CD4+ T cells (also called T4 cells) the immune system’s key infection fighters. The virus initially disables or destroys these cells without causing symptoms. […] As the immune system deteriorates, complications begin to surface. The following are the most common complications, or symptoms, of AIDS. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• #1 HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

  These symptoms are not often recognized as signs of HIV infection. Family doctors or hospitals can misdiagnose cases as one of the many common infectious diseases with similar symptoms. Someone with an unexplained fever who may have been recently exposed to HIV should consider testing to find out if they have been infected. […] The initial symptoms are followed by a stage called clinical latency, asymptomatic HIV, or chronic HIV. Without treatment, this second stage of the natural history of HIV infection can last from about three years to over 20 years (on average, about eight years). While typically there are few or no symptoms at first, near the end of this stage many people experience fever, weight loss, gastrointestinal problems and muscle pains. Between 50% and 70% of people also develop persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, characterized by unexplained, non-painful enlargement of more than one group of lymph nodes (other than in the groin) for over three to six months.

• #1 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524

  As the virus continues to multiply and destroy immune cells, you may get mild infections or long-term symptoms such as: Fever. Fatigue. Swollen lymph glands, which are often one of the first symptoms of HIV infection. Diarrhea. Weight loss. Oral yeast infection, also called thrush. Shingles, also called herpes zoster. Pneumonia. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] Having AIDS means your immune system is very damaged. People with AIDS are more likely to develop diseases they wouldn’t get if they had healthy immune systems. These are called opportunistic infections or opportunistic cancers. Some people get opportunistic infections during the acute stage of the disease. […] The symptoms of some of these infections may include: Sweats. Chills. Fever that keeps coming back. Ongoing diarrhea. Swollen lymph glands. Constant white spots or lesions on the tongue or in the mouth. Constant fatigue. Weakness. Rapid weight loss. Skin rashes or bumps.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw182771

  Stage 2 (HIV infection): There are no AIDS-related conditions AND the CD4+ cell count is 200 to 499 or the percent of CD4+ cells is 14% to 28% of all lymphocytes. […] Stage 3 (AIDS): The CD4+ cell count is lower than 200, the percent of CD4+ cells is less than 14% of all lymphocytes, or an AIDS-related condition is present. […] In general, the higher the CD4+ count, the less likely it is that opportunistic diseases will occur. Most people who have untreated HIV experience a gradual drop in the number of CD4+ cells. Each person responds uniquely to this decline.

• #1 HIV/AIDS – Illinois Department of Public Health

  http://www.idph.state.il.us/aids/materials/10questions.htm

  Many persons with HIV do not show any sign of infection. However, being infected means HIV is in the body for the rest of their lives and they can infect others if they engage in behaviors that can transmit HIV. […] There is no cure for AIDS and once you have HIV you are infected for life. If you are infected with HIV, the virus slowly weakens your ability to fight illness. There are, however, treatments and medicines that can help your body resist the virus. They slow the growth of HIV and delay or prevent certain life-threatening conditions.

• #1 The Stages of HIV Infection | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/stages-hiv-infection

  AIDS is the final, most severe stage of HIV infection, and causes severe damage to the immune system. As a result, the body cannot fight off opportunistic infections, also called AIDS-defining conditions. […] Once HIV progresses to the AIDS stage, a person can have a high viral load and transmit HIV to others very easily. […] Without treatment, people with AIDS typically survive about 3 years. […] Even if someones HIV progresses to AIDS, HIV medicines can still reduce the amount of HIV virus in the blood to undetectable levels, allowing more CD4 cells to regenerate. […] Ultimately, virtually anyone with HIV can benefit from modern HIV medicines, regardless of what stage of HIV they are in.

• #1 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids

  AIDS can cause rapid weight loss, extreme tiredness, mouth or genital ulcers, fevers, night sweats and skin discolorations. […] AIDS is the most serious stage of HIV infection. […] In this stage, HIV has severely weakened your immune system and opportunistic infections are much more likely to make you sick. […] When HIV has advanced to AIDS, these illnesses take advantage of your weakened immune system. […] To be diagnosed with AIDS, you must be infected with HIV and have at least one of the following: Fewer than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3) or An AIDS-defining illness. […] Symptoms of AIDS can be caused by HIV infection, but many are from illnesses that take advantage of your weakened immune system. […] Left untreated, it can take about 10 years for HIV to advance to AIDS. […] If you progress to AIDS and it goes untreated, you can expect to live about three years more. […] If you have a high CD4 count and an undetectable viral load within a year of starting treatment, research suggests you’ll have the best outcomes, as long as you continue your treatment plan.

• #1 Symptoms of HIV

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-hiv

  Symptoms of AIDS can include: Rapid weight loss, Recurring fever or profuse night sweats, Extreme and unexplained tiredness, Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck, Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week, Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals, Pneumonia, Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids, Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders. […] Many of the severe symptoms and illnesses of HIV disease come from the opportunistic infections that occur because your body’s immune system has been damaged. […] If you have HIV and remain in care, take HIV medicine as prescribed, and get and keep an undetectable viral load, you will stay healthy and will not progress to AIDS.

• #1 HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as an HIV infection with either a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells per L or the occurrence of specific diseases associated with HIV infection. In the absence of specific treatment, around half of people infected with HIV develop AIDS within ten years. The most common initial conditions that alert to the presence of AIDS are pneumocystis pneumonia (40%), cachexia in the form of HIV wasting syndrome (20%), and esophageal candidiasis. Other common signs include recurrent respiratory tract infections. […] Opportunistic infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that are normally controlled by the immune system. Which infections occur depends partly on what organisms are common in the person’s environment. These infections may affect nearly every organ system.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/hiv-aids

  For people living with HIV who are not diagnosed or taking ART, signs of HIV-related illness may develop within 5-10 years, although it can be sooner. […] The time between HIV transmission and an AIDS diagnosis is usually 10-15 years, but sometimes longer. […] People with HIV who develop severe immunodeficiency and are not on antiretroviral treatment frequently develop severe opportunistic infections and some rare cancers as Kaposi Sarcoma. […] Tuberculosis (TB) is the number one cause of death among people living with HIV in Africa, and a leading cause of death among people living with HIV worldwide. […] HIV infection can result in a range of health problems. […] As people living with HIV age and live longer, non-AIDS defining illnesses are becoming more common.

• #1 HIV infection and AIDS – symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hiv-infection-and-aids

  Untreated HIV usually leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within 10 years. Females generally transition to AIDS quicker than males. […] HIV damages your immune system and makes it difficult for it to fight infections and stop some cancers from developing. […] If you have AIDS, your immune system is weakened, so you are at a higher risk of developing infections not usually seen in healthy people brain infection (meningitis), tuberculosis (TB), cytomegalovirus (CMV), systemic (whole body) candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, bacterial pneumonia, cryptosporidiosis, some cancers Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, some neurological problems, such as dementia, kidney disease, wasting syndrome (weight loss, often with a fever or diarrhoea), skin infections such as oral thrush and herpes zoster. […] Females with progressing AIDS may develop uterine or cervical cancer.

• #1 Signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_HIV/AIDS

  Unexplained chronic diarrhea in HIV infection is due to many possible causes, including common bacterial and parasitic infections; and uncommon opportunistic infections such as cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and viruses. […] HIV infection may lead to a variety of neuropsychiatric sequelae, either by infection of the now susceptible nervous system by organisms, or as a direct consequence of the illness itself. […] People with HIV infections have substantially increased incidence of several cancers. This is primarily due to co-infection with an oncogenic DNA virus, especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Invasive cervical cancer in HIV-infected women is also considered AIDS-defining; it is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). […] People with AIDS often develop opportunistic infections that present with non-specific symptoms, especially low-grade fevers and weight loss.

• #1 HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

  People with AIDS have an increased risk of developing various viral-induced cancers, including Kaposi’s sarcoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, and cervical cancer. Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common cancer, occurring in 10% to 20% of people with HIV. The second-most common cancer is lymphoma, which is the cause of death of nearly 16% of people with AIDS and is the initial sign of AIDS in 3% to 4%. Both these cancers are associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Cervical cancer occurs more frequently in those with AIDS because of its association with human papillomavirus (HPV). Conjunctival cancer (of the layer that lines the inner part of eyelids and the white part of the eye) is also more common in those with HIV. […] Additionally, people with AIDS frequently have systemic symptoms such as prolonged fevers, sweats (particularly at night), swollen lymph nodes, chills, weakness, and unintended weight loss. Diarrhea is another common symptom, present in about 90% of people with AIDS. They can also be affected by diverse psychiatric and neurological symptoms independent of opportunistic infections and cancers. […] Without treatment a person living with HIV can expect to live for 11 years. Early testing can show if treatment is needed to stop this progression and to prevent infecting others.

• #1 From HIV to AIDS: stages of infection – AllLife

  https://alllife.co.za/from-hiv-to-aids-stages-of-infection/

  Which symptoms signify the progression of infection from HIV to AIDS? […] HIV affects your immune system, which means that other opportunistic infections can easily set in if you dont know that youre HIV-positive, and your CD4 cell count drops low enough to give harmful bacteria and viral cells the chance to invade your body. […] The time of seroconversion (HIV infection) to AIDS, and eventually death, varies from one person to another. […] There is a small group of people who are classified as non-progressors. The slow progression of these individuals is thought to be as a result of genetically inherited factors. […] Five years after exposure, approximately 15% of HIV-positive people will have progressed to AIDS. […] Of those which progressed to AIDS, half would have died, by the end of those same five years.

• #1 Asymptomatic HIV infection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000682.htm

  Asymptomatic HIV infection is the second stage of HIV/AIDS. During this stage, there are no symptoms of HIV infection. This stage is also called chronic HIV infection or clinical latency. […] During this stage, the virus keeps multiplying in the body and the immune system slowly weakens, but the person has no symptoms. How long this stage lasts depends on how quickly the HIV virus copies itself, and how the person’s genes affect the way the body handles the virus. […] Some people may have symptoms and worsening immune function within a few years after the original infection. Others can go 10 years or longer without symptoms.

• #1 Travelers with HIV | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/hiv

  For travelers with HIV, travel planning should begin several months ahead of departure to allow sufficient time for any necessary immunizations. Generally, immunizations are most effective in asymptomatic persons with undetectable viral loads and restored CD4 cell counts. […] The risk of malaria and disease severity are increased in people with HIV. This is especially the case for people with advanced HIV. […] People with HIV should take appropriate precautions to avoid food- and waterborne infections (e.g., Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Escherichia coli, Giardia, Listeria, Salmonella, and Shigella), some of which can cause chronic or severe disease in people with advanced HIV.

• #1 HIV/AIDS Symptoms, Stages, and Early Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-symptoms

  People with AIDS who don’t take medication live for about 3 years, or less if they get another infection. But HIV can still be treated at this stage. You can live for a long time if you start on HIV drugs, stay on them, follow your doctors advice, and keep healthy habits. […] There’s no way to cure HIV. But most people today who know they have HIV and get treatment never get AIDS. That’s because medicines can stop the virus from damaging your immune system. This is why it’s so important to get tested if you think you are at risk of HIV whether you have any symptoms or not.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/hiv-aids

  Many people do not feel symptoms of HIV in the first few months after infection and may not know that they are infected. […] As the disease progresses, symptoms will be expanded and more pronounced. These can include swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, diarrhoea and cough. HIV weakens the bodys ability to fight other infections, and without treatment people will become more susceptible to other severe illnesses such as tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, bacterial infections and some cancers. […] At diagnosis or soon after starting ART, a CD4 cell count should be checked to assess a persons immune status. The CD4 cell count is a blood test used to assess progression of HIV disease, including risk for developing opportunistic infections and guides the use of preventive treatment. The normal range of CD4 count is from 500 to 1500 cells/mm3 of blood, and it progressively decreases over time in persons who are not receiving or not responding well to ART. If the persons CD4 cell count falls below 200, their immunity is severely compromised, leaving them susceptible to infections and death. Someone with a CD4 count below 200 is described as having an advanced HIV disease (AHD).

• #1 From HIV to AIDS: stages of infection – AllLife

  https://alllife.co.za/from-hiv-to-aids-stages-of-infection/

  10 years after exposure, 50% will have progressed and deteriorated. […] The immune system can hold HIV in check for many years, but will eventually begin to lose the battle. The virus begins to destroy the CD4 cell population. As that happens, the CD4 counts continue to drop, and signs and symptoms more specific to HIV/AIDS arise. […] These signs and symptoms are: Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (enlarged, painless, non-tender lymph nodes). […] Over the years, the diagnostic elements of this end-stage of HIV infection have undergone various changes under different classification systems. […] AIDS becomes more and more difficult to treat until finally, the infected person succumbs. This happens 18-24 months after the onset of AIDS. […] In an official medical sense, AIDS is diagnosed when: An individual tests HIV-positive, The respective HIV-positive individual has a CD4 cell count of less than or equal to 200cells/mm3, 20 or more opportunistic infections are present in the respective HIV-positive persons body. […] Some of the AIDS-defining infections include: Kaposis sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Retinitis due to cytomegalovirus. […] What we currently estimate is that 80% of people living with AIDS today will succumb to secondary infections.

• #1 HIV and AIDS | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/info/hiv

  Many people with HIV do not have any symptoms. Sometimes people have symptoms during an early HIV infection that feel like the flu, such as fever, fatigue, rash, muscle aches, or swollen lymph nodes. […] Other people may not have symptoms until HIV has caused AIDS. The only way to know for sure if you have HIV is to get a test. […] If a pregnant woman with HIV takes medicine, they can reduce the chance of giving HIV to their baby to almost none. This is so important that a doctor will test pregnant women for HIV throughout their pregnancy. […] Get tested for HIV if you have another sexually transmitted disease (STD). Having an STD increases your chances of getting HIV.

• #1 Living well with HIV/AIDS

  https://www.fao.org/4/y4168e/y4168e06.htm

  A person who is infected with HIV/AIDS and is not showing signs of illness does not need a specific HIV-diet. […] Once people are infected with HIV they have to eat more to meet these extra energy and nutrient needs. Such needs will increase even further as the HIV/AIDS symptoms develop. […] Diarrhoea is a common occurrence in people with HIV/AIDS. When a person has diarrhoea the food passes through the gut so quickly that it is not properly digested and fewer nutrients are absorbed. […] Reduced food intake and absorption lead to weight loss and malnutrition. […] When a person does not eat enough food, or the food eaten is poorly absorbed, the body draws on its reserve stores of energy from body fat and protein from muscle. As a result, the person loses weight because body weight and muscles are lost.

• #1 HIV symptoms timeline: Stages, preventing progression, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316056

  Taking antiretroviral drugs keeps the immune system strong enough to prevent HIV from progressing to this stage. […] The most effective way to keep HIV from progressing is to take antiretroviral medication as soon as possible and to do so consistently as a doctor prescribes. […] If a person with HIV receives consistent antiretroviral therapy before the infection advances, they can live a long, healthy life, with a life expectancy comparable to that of someone without HIV. […] Without treatment, a person may develop stage 3 HIV within 215 years after contracting the virus. The life expectancy after a stage 3 HIV diagnosis is 3 years.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/hiv-aids

  HIV viral load measures the amount of virus in the blood. This test is used to monitor the level of viral replication and effectiveness of ART. The treatment goal is to reduce the viral load in the blood to undetectable levels (less than 50 copies/ml), and the persistent presence of detectable viral load (greater than 1000 copies/ml) in people living with HIV on ART is an indicator of inadequate treatment response and the need to change or adjust the treatment regimen.

• #1

  https://www.everlywell.com/blog/sti-testing/what-are-early-signs-of-HIV-in-men-and-women/?srsltid=AfmBOophiDksPmEeuN8-cGv95aUJ3ozL0a45PHKG9enrJWCqQZ6Uvw-f

  Some people experience flu-like symptoms, like muscle aches or joint pain, at the start of an HIV infection. These early HIV symptoms usually develop within 2 to 4 weeks in an infected person and may last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. […] Common symptoms that may manifest during this time if you contract HIV include fever, fatigue, skin rash, swollen lymph nodes or swollen glands, weight loss, sore throat and cough, chills or night sweats. […] Symptoms of HIV can vary widely from person to person, regardless of the affected persons gender. […] At the early or acute stage of infection, HIV usually presents similarly in both sexes with flu-like symptoms. […] Symptoms of HIV in women can manifest in several prevalent reproductive health conditions. The most common ones include menstrual irregularities, vaginal yeast infections, and bacterial vaginosis.

• #1 Recognizing HIV Symptoms in Women | Ada Health

  https://ada.com/conditions/hiv-symptoms-in-women/

  HIV/AIDS symptoms in females can be slightly different from HIV symptoms in men, as there are often gynecological symptoms involved. […] The early symptoms of HIV in women often resemble flu symptoms. […] The symptoms of HIV in women can vary according to the stage of the infection. […] The acute stage of HIV in which the first symptoms of HIV in women can develop. These symptoms are usually flu-like. […] The chronic stage of HIV in which there are no visible signs of an HIV infection. This stage can last for many years, in which you wont notice anything of the infection. Throughout the chronic stage, the virus will continue to replicate and cause damage to the immune system. […] AIDS is the final stage of an HIV infection. This stage is characterized by a severely damaged immune system. In this stage, the weakened immune system can lead to all kinds of infections, which can cause symptoms that are different from those in the acute stage.

• #1

  https://www.everlywell.com/blog/sti-testing/what-are-early-signs-of-HIV-in-men-and-women/?srsltid=AfmBOophiDksPmEeuN8-cGv95aUJ3ozL0a45PHKG9enrJWCqQZ6Uvw-f

  Women with HIV have a higher risk of developing several other reproductive health conditions, including cervical cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease. […] The main reproductive concern for men carrying HIV is secondary hypogonadism. […] It’s currently estimated that around 20% of men diagnosed with HIV have hypogonadism. […] Hypogonadism may also result in osteoporosis, which is estimated to impact as many as 30% of people with hypogonadism caused by HIV. […] It’s important to start HIV medication and treatment as soon as possible after an HIV diagnosis.

• #1 HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and Progression

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-difference

  AIDS symptoms differ from HIV symptoms because they are related to the specific infection or illness you develop. Signs that you may have AIDS include: Sudden weight loss, Night sweats, Fever that keeps coming back (recurrent), Extreme fatigue, feeling very tired for no reason, Diarrhea that lasts more than a week, Sores in your mouth, in your anal area, or on your genitals, Pneumonia, Blotches on your skin or inside your mouth, nose, or eyelids, Memory problems, Depression, Persistent or frequent yeast infections (oral or vaginal), Skin rashes or flaky skin that wont heal, Pelvic inflammatory disease that doesnt respond to treatment. […] People with AIDS get sicker with some types of infections than people who dont have it. This is because their immune system cant fend them off as well or at all.

• #1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection

  Serious opportunistic infections may cause various symptoms depending on the organ affected: Lungs: Fever, cough, or shortness of breath; Brain: Headache, weakness, loss of coordination, or deterioration of mental function; Digestive tract: Pain, diarrhea, or bleeding. […] HIV can also cause symptoms when it directly infects and damages organs such as the following: Brain: Brain damage with memory loss, difficulty thinking and concentrating, or both, eventually resulting in dementia if HIV infection is not treated, as well as weakness, tremor, or difficulty walking; Kidneys: Kidney failure with swelling in the legs and face, fatigue, and changes in urination, but often not until the infection is severe; Heart: Heart failure with shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, and fatigue (uncommon); Genital organs: Decreased levels of sex hormones, which may cause fatigue and sexual dysfunction in men.

• #1 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hiv-aids/what-are-symptoms-hivaids

  HIV can be passed to your baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding if you have HIV. This is called perinatal transmission. Babies with HIV should be treated as soon as possible. […] Just like with adults, symptoms can be very different for every child, and they may not have noticeable symptoms at all for months or even longer. If there are symptoms, they may include: Swollen lymph nodes for more than 3 months, Having 3 or more serious bacterial infections (like pneumonia or meningitis) within a year, Fevers and sweats, Lack of energy, Weight loss, Repeated yeast infections (oral or vaginal), Skin rashes or flaky skin, Swollen belly (due to swelling of the liver and spleen), Diarrhea that may come and go, Oral thrush (a fungal infection that causes white patches on the cheeks and tongue).

• #1 Symptoms of HIV and AIDS | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/symptoms.html

  Some people develop frequent and severe herpes infections that cause mouth, genital, or anal sores, or a painful nerve disease known as shingles. Children may have delayed development or failure to thrive. […] During the course of the HIV infection, most people experience a gradual decline in the number of CD4+ T cells, although some individuals may have abrupt and dramatic drops in their counts. […] The symptoms of an HIV infection may resemble other medical conditions. Always consult your doctor for a diagnosis.

• #1 Skin and Complexion Issues for People with HIV/AIDS | UC San Diego Health

  https://health.ucsd.edu/care/hiv/resources/skin/

  Approximately 90 percent of people living with HIV develop skin changes and symptoms at some stage during the course of their disease. […] The development of shingles may be the first clue that someone is infected with HIV and has a weakened immune system. […] Lesions in your skin can be caused by viral infections. Herpes simplex I and II infections are the main causes of lesions on the skin.

• #1 HIV/AIDS Symptoms, Stages, and Early Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-symptoms

  The early symptoms of HIV can look like the flu or lots of other illnesses. You also could have HIV without any symptoms. The only way to know for sure is to take an HIV test. […] You probably won’t know right away when you’ve been infected with HIV. But you may have symptoms within weeks after getting the virus. This is when your body’s immune system puts up a fight. It’s called acute retroviral syndrome or primary HIV infection. […] The symptoms are similar to those of other viral illnesses, and they’re often compared to the flu. They typically last a week or two and then go away. Early signs of HIV include: Headache, Fatigue, Aching muscles or joints, Sore throat, Swollen lymph nodes, A red rash that doesn’t itch, usually on your torso, Fever, Ulcers (sores) in your mouth, esophagus, anus, or genitals, Weight loss.

• #1 Skin conditions and HIV/AIDS: A Complete Overview – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/skin-conditions-relating-to-hiv-infection

  Without appropriate treatment, a person with HIV will eventually progress to the advanced stage of infection, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). […] Cutaneous manifestations will generally increase in incidence with advancing HIV disease and declining immune function, causing significant morbidity. […] At CD4 counts of below 300, opportunistic infections can arise and are important markers of AIDS. […] Without commencing HAART, people with HIV will ultimately progress to the development of AIDS and its associated complications. Malignancy and disseminated opportunistic infections carry high mortality rates.

• #1 Patient education: Symptoms of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/symptoms-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics

  Body-wide symptoms — The most common body-wide signs and symptoms of acute HIV include fever (temperature above 100.4°F or 38°C), sore throat, headache, and muscle and joint pain. These symptoms last approximately two weeks. […] During the second week of the illness, most people also have painless swelling of certain lymph nodes, including those in the armpits and in the neck. Although the lymph nodes decrease in size after the first few weeks, swelling can linger. […] Skin, mouth, genital symptoms — Many people also develop a rash of the skin about two to three days after fever. The rash usually affects the face, neck, and upper chest or may be more widespread. The rash usually lasts approximately five to eight days. […] One characteristic feature of acute HIV is open sores or ulcers. These sores or ulcers can develop in the mouth, the esophagus (the tube that extends from the mouth to the stomach), the anus, or the penis. The ulcers are usually painful. However, only a small proportion of those with acute HIV develop these sores.

• #1 HIV/AIDS Symptoms, Stages, and Early Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-symptoms

  Most people with HIV will have some signs in their mouths. Some signs and symptoms of HIV in your mouth include: Dry mouth, Thrush, Gum disease, Canker sores or mouth ulcers, Warts, White lesions on the sides of your tongue, Herpes or cold sores. […] AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It’s the most advanced stage of HIV infection. This is usually when your CD4 T-cell count drops below 200 and your immune system is badly damaged. You might get an opportunistic infection, an illness that happens more often and is worse in people who have weakened immune systems. Some of these, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma (a form of skin cancer) and pneumocystis pneumonia (a lung disease), are also considered „AIDS-defining illnesses.” […] If you didn’t know earlier that you were infected with HIV, you may realize it after you have some of these symptoms: Being tired all the time, Swollen lymph nodes in your neck or groin, Fever that lasts more than 10 days, Night sweats, Weight loss with no obvious reason, Purplish spots on your skin that don’t go away, Shortness of breath, Severe, long-lasting diarrhea, Yeast infections in your mouth, throat, or vagina, Bruises or bleeding you can’t explain, Neurological symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, balance problems, behavioral changes, seizures, and vision changes.

• #1 HIV Symptoms at Each Stage of the Disease

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hiv-aids-symptoms-4014373

  The symptoms of AIDS can be characterized by the organ systems affected by the AIDS-defining condition: Neurological Painful headaches, muscle weakness, numbness or nerve pain, loss of coordination and clumsiness, difficulty walking, hearing impairment, changes in vision, difficulty swallowing, confusion, changes in behavior, seizures, dementia. […] When HIV progresses to AIDS, symptoms can vary based on the type of opportunistic infections a person gets. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs can restore the immune system and should be started at any stage of infection.

• #1 HIV/AIDS Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids

  If they are not treated, almost all people infected with HIV will develop AIDS (Stage 3). Some people develop AIDS within a few years of infection. Others remain completely healthy after 10 or even 20 years (called long-term nonprogressors). […] People with AIDS have had their immune system damaged by HIV. They are at very high risk of getting infections that are uncommon in people with a healthy immune system. These infections are called opportunistic infections and can affect any part of the body. […] People with AIDS are also at higher risk for certain cancers, especially lymphomas and a skin cancer called Kaposi sarcoma. […] Symptoms depend on the particular infection and which part of the body is infected. […] Lung infections are common in people with AIDS and often cause cough, fever, and shortness of breath. […] Other common symptoms in people with HIV infection and AIDS include: Weight loss, Fever, Sweats, Rashes, Swollen lymph glands.

• #1 Patient education: Symptoms of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/symptoms-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics

  Digestive symptoms — Many people with acute HIV develop nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, and weight loss. […] Respiratory symptoms — A dry cough is usually the only respiratory symptom associated with primary HIV infection. […] Symptoms of advanced HIV infection — If HIV is not treated, the virus will cause progressive weakening of the immune system, a process which occurs at different rates in different people. Once significant damage to the immune system has occurred, which typically takes at least several years, people with HIV can develop infections that are not usually seen in people with normal immunity. These “opportunistic infections” can cause serious disease in patients with advanced HIV. Depending on the opportunistic infection, symptoms may include shortness of breath, blurred vision, fevers, and weight loss.

• #1 HIV Symptoms at Each Stage of the Disease

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hiv-aids-symptoms-4014373

  During chronic infection the virus is able to persist by hiding in latent reservoirs. Those in circulation will continue to target and kill white blood cells called CD4 T-cells that direct the immune assault. […] During chronic infection, a person may experience symptoms like: Persistent fatigue, Swollen lymph nodes, Chronic diarrhea, Patchy red, dry skin, Oral thrush (a yeast infection of the mouth), Recurrent respiratory infections (including bacterial pneumonia), Recurrent mouths sores, Fungal nail infections. […] AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the most advanced stage of HIV where the body’s immune defenses have been fully breached. This leaves you vulnerable to an ever-widening range of severe and even life-threatening OIs. […] Symptoms at this stage are primarily related to the type of opportunistic infection a person gets.

• #1 Patient education: Symptoms of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/symptoms-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics

  One of the most common opportunistic infections is yeast infection of the mouth or esophagus. Yeast infections are caused by Candida, a fungal organism that is normally found on the skin and in the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina in healthy individuals. Certain yeast infections can occur in people without HIV, (eg, vaginal yeast infections) although people with HIV are at a higher risk for this and other types of opportunistic infections. […] Candidiasis of the mouth, also known as thrush, causes cream-colored, slightly raised patches in the mouth, soreness, and easy bleeding […] Candidiasis of the esophagus may cause difficulty swallowing […] However, with diagnosis and treatment of HIV, the immune system can improve. Then the risk of opportunistic infections goes down. While the immune system is recovering, certain medications can help prevent any opportunistic infections from occurring in the first place.

• #1 AIDS / HIV: How the Eye is Affected | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/aids-hiv-how-eye-affected

  AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a virus that breaks down the bodys immune system. You develop AIDS when your immune system is no longer able to keep your body healthy. […] While people with HIV who are in good health are not likely to experience eye problems, its estimated that 70 percent of people with advanced AIDS experience eye disorders, including HIV retinopathy and CMV retinitis. […] If you or someone you know has HIV and develops the following symptoms, please call your health care provider to find out if you may need ophthalmologic evaluation. […] Blurred vision […] Floaters […] Growths on the eye […] Eye pain […] Loss of peripheral vision […] Eye redness. […] AIDS is caused by HIV, a virus that breaks down the bodys immune system.

• #1 HIV and AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids

  Theres currently no cure for AIDS, and without treatment, life expectancy after diagnosis is about 3 years. […] If AIDS does develop, it means that the immune system is severely compromised, that is, weakened to the point where it can no longer successfully respond against most diseases and infections. […] The shortened life expectancy linked with untreated AIDS isnt a direct result of the syndrome itself. Rather, its a result of the diseases and complications that arise from having an immune system weakened by AIDS. […] Symptoms of AIDS can include: recurrent fever, chronic swollen lymph glands, especially of the armpits, neck, and groin, chronic fatigue, night sweats, dark splotches under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids, sores, spots, or lesions of the mouth and tongue, genitals, or anus, bumps, lesions, or rashes of the skin, recurrent or chronic diarrhea, rapid weight loss, neurologic problems such as trouble concentrating, memory loss, and confusion, anxiety and depression. […] Without proper and consistent treatment, people living with HIV can develop AIDS sooner. […] With the use of antiretroviral therapy, a person can maintain a chronic HIV diagnosis without developing AIDS for decades.

• #1 HIV and AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids

  AIDS is a disease that can develop in people who have the HIV virus. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs can typically prevent AIDS from developing in people with HIV. […] Over time, as HIV kills more CD4 cells, the body is more likely to get various types of conditions and cancers. […] Without treatment, a person with HIV is likely to develop a serious condition called the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, known as AIDS. […] At that point, the immune system is too weak to successfully respond against other diseases, infections, and conditions. […] Untreated, life expectancy with end stage AIDS is about 3 years. With antiretroviral therapy, HIV can be well-managed, and life expectancy can be nearly the same as someone who has not contracted HIV. […] Untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS within a decade.

• #1 HIV Progression | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/hiv-progression

  The course of HIV. HIV infection progresses in three stages: acute HIV, chronic HIV, and AIDS. During acute HIV, the virus multiplies rapidly. […] However, as chronic HIV advances, HIV levels increase and the number of CD4 cells decreases. Declining CD4 cell levels indicate increasing damage to the immune system. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can prevent HIV from destroying the immune system and advancing to AIDS.

• #1 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | Communicable Diseases Agency

  https://www.moh.gov.sg/seeking-healthcare/overview-of-diseases/communicable-diseases/hiv

• #1 What Is HIV? – HIV Symptoms And Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/hiv/

  HIV Symptoms […] When first infected with HIV, you may not experience any symptoms. More often, though, you’ll have flu-like symptoms, including: […] Fever […] Headache […] Fatigue […] Swollen lymph nodes (lymph glands) […] Sore throat […] Rash […] As the disease progresses, symptoms may appear and/or get worse. This may take time. Some people who have HIV do not begin experiencing symptoms for up to 10 years. When HIV symptoms do appear, they can include: […] Swollen lymph nodes (lymph glands) […] Diarrhea […] Fever […] Cough […] Shortness of breath […] Unintended weight loss […] […] […] AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is the term used when persons have advanced HIV disease. This increases your risk for infections and other serious HIV-associated conditions. With treatment, most Americans who have HIV are unlikely to develop AIDS.

• #1 HIV and AIDS | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiv-and-aids

  HIV is a virus that can damage the immune system and make it difficult for the body to fight off some infections. […] HIV is not the same as AIDS. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS. AIDS is rare in Australia due to the availability of effective HIV treatments. […] AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. This is when the immune system is at its weakest and a person has one or more specific illnesses. […] Most people living with HIV on effective treatment in Australia can expect to live long, healthy lives without ever developing AIDS. […] You may not know you have HIV, because some of the symptoms of HIV are like other illnesses (such as glandular fever or flu). […] Symptoms of HIV can include: flu-like symptoms (runny or blocked nose, sore throat, cough, fever), extreme and constant tiredness, fevers, chills, and night sweats, rapid weight loss for no known reason and decreased appetite, swollen lymph glands in the neck, underarm, or groin area, continuous coughing or a dry cough, diarrhoea. […] Symptoms usually occur between 1 and 3 weeks after exposure to HIV.

• #1 A Guide to HIV Stages & Common Symptoms » Erin Everett, NP-C, AAHIVS

  https://www.erineverettnp.com/articles/2024/08/27/hiv-stages-symptoms/

  How would you know if you had HIV? The reality is that might be more common than youd assume. […] Understanding the symptoms is more important than ever. Early detection can make all the difference in managing the disease and living a healthy life. […] HIV infection progresses through several stages, each with its own unique set of symptoms. The four main stages of HIV are: Acute HIV Infection, Clinical Latency Stage, Symptomatic HIV Infection, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). […] Recognizing symptoms early is key. It allows for timely intervention, which can slow the progression of the disease and improve your quality of life prognosis. […] Acute HIV Infection, also known as primary or acute retroviral syndrome (ARS), occurs within 2 to 4 weeks after exposure to the virus. During this early stage, the HIV virus multiplies rapidly, and the bodys immune system begins to respond.

• #1 Patient education: Symptoms of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/symptoms-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics

  OVERVIEW OF HIV SYMPTOMS […] It is important to recognize symptoms of HIV as soon as possible since early diagnosis and treatment will prevent serious illness. Early treatment will also reduce your chances of transmitting the virus to others. […] HIV SYMPTOMS […] Symptoms of early HIV infection — Early symptoms of HIV develop in 50 to 90 percent of people who are infected, usually beginning two to four weeks after exposure to HIV. The initial group of signs and symptoms is referred to as primary or acute HIV. […] Because the signs and symptoms of primary HIV may be similar to other common illnesses, such as mononucleosis, most people do not initially realize that they have HIV. However, HIV is highly contagious at this early stage because there are large amounts of the virus in the blood and other bodily fluids. Recognizing symptoms early, being tested for HIV, and starting HIV treatment as soon as possible can help to decrease the risk of transmitting HIV to another person.

• #1 Symptoms of HIV

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-hiv

  You can’t rely on symptoms to tell if you have HIV. The only way to know for sure is to get tested! […] There are several symptoms of HIV. Not everyone will have the same symptoms. It depends on the person and what stage of the disease they are in. […] Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV, about two-thirds of people will have a flu-like illness. This is the body’s natural response to HIV infection. […] These symptoms can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. But some people do not have any symptoms at all during this early stage of HIV. […] In this stage, the virus still multiplies, but at very low levels. People in this stage may not feel sick or have any symptoms. This stage is also called chronic HIV infection. […] If you have HIV and you are not on HIV treatment, eventually the virus will weaken your body’s immune system and you will progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

• #1 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids

  HIV weakens your immune system by destroying your T-cells until you are unable to fight off even minor illnesses. […] You can have HIV without any symptoms. […] Getting tested and starting treatment early gives you the best chance of living a long life. […] When HIV has severely weakened your immune system, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Without treatment, HIV infections progress to AIDS in about 10 years. […] But without treatment, almost all people living with HIV will advance to AIDS. […] HIV infects white blood cells of your immune system called CD4 cells, or helper T cells. […] It destroys CD4 cells, causing your white blood cell count to drop. […] HIV initially makes you feel sick with flu-like symptoms. […] When your T-cells get very low or you begin to get certain illnesses that people with healthy immune systems don’t get, HIV has progressed to AIDS.

• #1 HIV/AIDS Symptoms, Stages, and Early Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-symptoms

  HIV infection happens in three stages. Without treatment, it gets worse over time and eventually overpowers your immune system. Your symptoms will depend on your stage. […] Symptoms of HIV can look a lot like those of other viral illnesses. If you have HIV, your symptoms could look different from those of someone else. Your symptoms will depend on how long you’ve had HIV and other factors. […] Some people notice flu-like symptoms 1-4 weeks after they’re first infected. These often only last a week or two. This first stage is called acute or primary HIV infection. Then, you may go for 10 years or more without any more symptoms. This is called asymptomatic HIV infection. Even though you feel fine, the virus is still active in your body. And you can still give it to someone else. Once HIV has seriously harmed your immune system, you’re at risk for diseases that a healthy body could fight off. In this stage, symptomatic HIV infection, you start to notice problems caused by these „opportunistic” infections. This means that you may have symptoms, but they are being caused by other infections or illnesses you are more prone to getting when you have HIV.

• #1 Stages of HIV infection | Terrence Higgins Trust

  https://www.tht.org.uk/hiv/about-hiv/stages-hiv-infection

  If untreated, people living with HIV progress from having no symptoms to developing illness and eventually late-stage HIV (also known as AIDS). […] The longer you live with HIV without treatment, the greater your risk of developing infections that your weakened immune system cant fight: certain cancers, as well as the direct effects of HIV. […] If HIV has a chance to cause a lot of damage to your immune system, you may become ill from certain serious opportunistic infections and cancers. These illnesses are also known as AIDS-defining.

• #2 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids

  HIV weakens your immune system by destroying your T-cells until you are unable to fight off even minor illnesses. […] You can have HIV without any symptoms. […] Getting tested and starting treatment early gives you the best chance of living a long life. […] When HIV has severely weakened your immune system, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Without treatment, HIV infections progress to AIDS in about 10 years. […] But without treatment, almost all people living with HIV will advance to AIDS. […] HIV infects white blood cells of your immune system called CD4 cells, or helper T cells. […] It destroys CD4 cells, causing your white blood cell count to drop. […] HIV initially makes you feel sick with flu-like symptoms. […] When your T-cells get very low or you begin to get certain illnesses that people with healthy immune systems don’t get, HIV has progressed to AIDS.

• #2 HIV/AIDS Symptoms, Stages, and Early Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-symptoms

  HIV infection happens in three stages. Without treatment, it gets worse over time and eventually overpowers your immune system. Your symptoms will depend on your stage. […] Symptoms of HIV can look a lot like those of other viral illnesses. If you have HIV, your symptoms could look different from those of someone else. Your symptoms will depend on how long you’ve had HIV and other factors. […] Some people notice flu-like symptoms 1-4 weeks after they’re first infected. These often only last a week or two. This first stage is called acute or primary HIV infection. Then, you may go for 10 years or more without any more symptoms. This is called asymptomatic HIV infection. Even though you feel fine, the virus is still active in your body. And you can still give it to someone else. Once HIV has seriously harmed your immune system, you’re at risk for diseases that a healthy body could fight off. In this stage, symptomatic HIV infection, you start to notice problems caused by these „opportunistic” infections. This means that you may have symptoms, but they are being caused by other infections or illnesses you are more prone to getting when you have HIV.

• #2 HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

  Symptoms […] Early: Flu-like illness […] Later: Large lymph nodes, fever, weight loss […] Complications: Opportunistic infections, tumors […] The initial period following infection with HIV is called acute HIV, primary HIV or acute retroviral syndrome. Many individuals develop an influenza-like illness, mononucleosis or glandular fever 24 weeks after exposure while others have no significant symptoms. Symptoms occur in 40-90% of cases and most commonly include fever, large tender lymph nodes, throat inflammation, a rash, headache, tiredness, and/or sores of the mouth and genitals. The rash, which occurs in 20-50% of cases, presents itself on the trunk and is maculopapular, classically. Some people also develop opportunistic infections at this stage. Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting or diarrhea may occur. Neurological symptoms of peripheral neuropathy or Guillain-Barr syndrome also occur. The duration of the symptoms varies, but is usually one or two weeks.

• #2 7 Symptoms Of The Early Stages Of HIV | Ending HIV

  https://endinghiv.org.au/blog/7-symptoms-of-hiv-early-stages/

  Symptoms of HIV can vary between individuals however the first signs of infection generally appear within the first 1-2 months. Many, but not all, people will experience severe flu-like symptoms which is your bodys natural response to the virus. This is called the seroconversion period. […] Fever is usually one of the first symptoms of HIV. When you have a fever your body temperature increases above a normal range, and often results in sweating, chills and shivering. Fever is often accompanied by other mild symptoms, such as fatigue, swollen lymph glands, and a sore throat. At this point the virus is moving into the blood stream and starting to replicate in large numbers. As that happens, your immune system induces an inflammatory reaction. […] The inflammatory response generated by your besieged immune system can cause you to feel tired and lethargic. Sometimes it can make you feel winded while walking or generally feel out of breath. Fatigue can be both an early and later symptom of HIV.

• #2 HIV/AIDS Symptoms, Stages, and Early Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-symptoms

  The early symptoms of HIV can look like the flu or lots of other illnesses. You also could have HIV without any symptoms. The only way to know for sure is to take an HIV test. […] You probably won’t know right away when you’ve been infected with HIV. But you may have symptoms within weeks after getting the virus. This is when your body’s immune system puts up a fight. It’s called acute retroviral syndrome or primary HIV infection. […] The symptoms are similar to those of other viral illnesses, and they’re often compared to the flu. They typically last a week or two and then go away. Early signs of HIV include: Headache, Fatigue, Aching muscles or joints, Sore throat, Swollen lymph nodes, A red rash that doesn’t itch, usually on your torso, Fever, Ulcers (sores) in your mouth, esophagus, anus, or genitals, Weight loss.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/symptoms/

  Most people infected with HIV experience a short, flu-like illness that occurs 2-6 weeks after infection. After this, HIV may not cause any symptoms for several years. […] The most common symptoms are: raised temperature (fever), sore throat, body rash. […] Other symptoms can include: tiredness, joint pain, muscle pain, swollen glands. […] The symptoms usually last 1-2 weeks, but can be longer. They’re a sign that your immune system is putting up a fight against the virus. […] After the initial symptoms disappear, HIV may not cause any further symptoms for many years. […] During this time, the virus continues to be active and causes progressive damage to your immune system. […] This process can vary from person to person, but may take up to 10 years, during which you’ll feel and appear well. […] Once the immune system becomes severely damaged, symptoms can include: weight loss, chronic diarrhoea, night sweats, skin problems, recurrent infections, serious life-threatening illnesses. […] Earlier diagnosis and treatment of HIV can prevent these problems.

• #2 Patient education: Symptoms of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/symptoms-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics

  Body-wide symptoms — The most common body-wide signs and symptoms of acute HIV include fever (temperature above 100.4°F or 38°C), sore throat, headache, and muscle and joint pain. These symptoms last approximately two weeks. […] During the second week of the illness, most people also have painless swelling of certain lymph nodes, including those in the armpits and in the neck. Although the lymph nodes decrease in size after the first few weeks, swelling can linger. […] Skin, mouth, genital symptoms — Many people also develop a rash of the skin about two to three days after fever. The rash usually affects the face, neck, and upper chest or may be more widespread. The rash usually lasts approximately five to eight days. […] One characteristic feature of acute HIV is open sores or ulcers. These sores or ulcers can develop in the mouth, the esophagus (the tube that extends from the mouth to the stomach), the anus, or the penis. The ulcers are usually painful. However, only a small proportion of those with acute HIV develop these sores.

• #2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | Communicable Diseases Agency

  https://www.moh.gov.sg/seeking-healthcare/overview-of-diseases/communicable-diseases/hiv

  HIV infection progresses through four different stages: […] This stage is characterised by flu-like symptoms like fever, swelling of the lymph nodes, rash, sore throat, muscle pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, headache, weight loss, or oral thrush. Some individuals may have oral and genital ulcerations and neurological illnesses like aseptic meningitis. The symptoms usually resolve on their own in most patients. The median duration is 20 days, but it could range from less than a week to three months. […] There are no specific symptoms or signs in this stage, but the virus is actively replicating and destroying the immune system by reducing CD4 cell count. Swollen lymph nodes, which are often not noticed by the patient, are usually present. […] This stage presents more obvious symptoms such as: Fever, Weight loss, Swollen lymph nodes, Skin and oral conditions (such as oral thrush, hairy leukoplakia, herpes zoster, recurrent herpes simplex), Immunological conditions (such as having idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, multiple drug allergies). […] The last stage of infection is characterised by: CD4 cell count falling below 200 cells/mm3, Developing one or more opportunistic infections regardless of the CD4 cell count.

• #2 What are the stages of HIV? – Health Services – UA Little Rock

  https://ualr.edu/health/what-are-the-stages-of-hiv/

  HIV disease has a well-documented progression. Untreated, HIV is almost universally fatal because it eventually overwhelms the immune system—resulting in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV treatment helps people at all stages of the disease, and treatment can slow or prevent progression from one stage to the next. […] A person can transmit HIV to others during any of these stages: […] Acute infection: Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV, you may feel sick with flu-like symptoms. This is called acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) or primary HIV infection, and it’s the body’s natural response to the HIV infection. (Not everyone develops ARS, however—and some people may have no symptoms.) […] Your ability to spread HIV is highest during this stage because the amount of virus in the blood is very high.

• #2 Asymptomatic HIV infection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000682.htm

  Asymptomatic HIV infection is the second stage of HIV/AIDS. During this stage, there are no symptoms of HIV infection. This stage is also called chronic HIV infection or clinical latency. […] During this stage, the virus keeps multiplying in the body and the immune system slowly weakens, but the person has no symptoms. How long this stage lasts depends on how quickly the HIV virus copies itself, and how the person’s genes affect the way the body handles the virus. […] Some people may have symptoms and worsening immune function within a few years after the original infection. Others can go 10 years or longer without symptoms.

• #2 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524

  As the virus continues to multiply and destroy immune cells, you may get mild infections or long-term symptoms such as: Fever. Fatigue. Swollen lymph glands, which are often one of the first symptoms of HIV infection. Diarrhea. Weight loss. Oral yeast infection, also called thrush. Shingles, also called herpes zoster. Pneumonia. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] Having AIDS means your immune system is very damaged. People with AIDS are more likely to develop diseases they wouldn’t get if they had healthy immune systems. These are called opportunistic infections or opportunistic cancers. Some people get opportunistic infections during the acute stage of the disease. […] The symptoms of some of these infections may include: Sweats. Chills. Fever that keeps coming back. Ongoing diarrhea. Swollen lymph glands. Constant white spots or lesions on the tongue or in the mouth. Constant fatigue. Weakness. Rapid weight loss. Skin rashes or bumps.

• #2 HIV/AIDS Symptoms, Stages, and Early Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-symptoms

  Most people with HIV will have some signs in their mouths. Some signs and symptoms of HIV in your mouth include: Dry mouth, Thrush, Gum disease, Canker sores or mouth ulcers, Warts, White lesions on the sides of your tongue, Herpes or cold sores. […] AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It’s the most advanced stage of HIV infection. This is usually when your CD4 T-cell count drops below 200 and your immune system is badly damaged. You might get an opportunistic infection, an illness that happens more often and is worse in people who have weakened immune systems. Some of these, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma (a form of skin cancer) and pneumocystis pneumonia (a lung disease), are also considered „AIDS-defining illnesses.” […] If you didn’t know earlier that you were infected with HIV, you may realize it after you have some of these symptoms: Being tired all the time, Swollen lymph nodes in your neck or groin, Fever that lasts more than 10 days, Night sweats, Weight loss with no obvious reason, Purplish spots on your skin that don’t go away, Shortness of breath, Severe, long-lasting diarrhea, Yeast infections in your mouth, throat, or vagina, Bruises or bleeding you can’t explain, Neurological symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, balance problems, behavioral changes, seizures, and vision changes.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/hiv-aids

  Many people do not feel symptoms of HIV in the first few months after infection and may not know that they are infected. […] As the disease progresses, symptoms will be expanded and more pronounced. These can include swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, diarrhoea and cough. HIV weakens the bodys ability to fight other infections, and without treatment people will become more susceptible to other severe illnesses such as tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, bacterial infections and some cancers. […] At diagnosis or soon after starting ART, a CD4 cell count should be checked to assess a persons immune status. The CD4 cell count is a blood test used to assess progression of HIV disease, including risk for developing opportunistic infections and guides the use of preventive treatment. The normal range of CD4 count is from 500 to 1500 cells/mm3 of blood, and it progressively decreases over time in persons who are not receiving or not responding well to ART. If the persons CD4 cell count falls below 200, their immunity is severely compromised, leaving them susceptible to infections and death. Someone with a CD4 count below 200 is described as having an advanced HIV disease (AHD).

• #2 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids

  AIDS can cause rapid weight loss, extreme tiredness, mouth or genital ulcers, fevers, night sweats and skin discolorations. […] AIDS is the most serious stage of HIV infection. […] In this stage, HIV has severely weakened your immune system and opportunistic infections are much more likely to make you sick. […] When HIV has advanced to AIDS, these illnesses take advantage of your weakened immune system. […] To be diagnosed with AIDS, you must be infected with HIV and have at least one of the following: Fewer than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3) or An AIDS-defining illness. […] Symptoms of AIDS can be caused by HIV infection, but many are from illnesses that take advantage of your weakened immune system. […] Left untreated, it can take about 10 years for HIV to advance to AIDS. […] If you progress to AIDS and it goes untreated, you can expect to live about three years more. […] If you have a high CD4 count and an undetectable viral load within a year of starting treatment, research suggests you’ll have the best outcomes, as long as you continue your treatment plan.

• #2 HIV Stages

  https://acphd.org/hiv/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-stages/

  Most people will experience flu-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, rash, swollen glands) within a few weeks of contracting HIV, but sometimes these can be quite mild. […] During clinical latency, the amount of virus in the blood often remains stable but detectable, and the CD4 count slowly declines from normal levels (above 500). […] If the CD4 count drops below 200 or if a HIV infected person develops one of several AIDS-defining conditions, this indicates progression to AIDS. The immune system is weakened and increasingly susceptible to OIs. Without any treatment, those persons with CD4 counts below 200 have a life expectancy of months to a few years. Once an OI is present in an AIDS patient, overall life expectancy without treatment drops to less than a year.

• #2 HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and Progression

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-difference

  HIV and AIDS are related, but theyre not the same. […] HIV is a virus. It may cause AIDS after youve been infected for several years and its weakened your immune system. […] Not everyone who has HIV will get AIDS. But the infection will advance to AIDS, usually in 10 to 15 years, if you dont get treatment with antiretroviral drugs. […] AIDS is the third and most advanced stage of HIV infection, called stage III HIV. […] The life expectancy of someone with AIDS can be as long as 3 years, but the prognosis can be only 1 year if they get an infection. […] Not everyone with a new HIV infection, called primary infection or acute HIV, gets symptoms. If they do, they may be mild and not really noticeable. […] Early signs and symptoms can appear about 2 to 4 weeks after you are infected. They include: Fever, Headaches, Fatigue, Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and groin, Skin rash, Muscle aches, Joint pain, Sore throat, Painful mouth sores, Diarrhea, Weight loss (unintentional), Cough, Night sweats.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/hiv-aids

  HIV viral load measures the amount of virus in the blood. This test is used to monitor the level of viral replication and effectiveness of ART. The treatment goal is to reduce the viral load in the blood to undetectable levels (less than 50 copies/ml), and the persistent presence of detectable viral load (greater than 1000 copies/ml) in people living with HIV on ART is an indicator of inadequate treatment response and the need to change or adjust the treatment regimen.

• #2 Living well with HIV/AIDS

  https://www.fao.org/4/y4168e/y4168e06.htm

  Infection increases the body’s requirements for nutrients. Illness also reduces the appetite and the ill person will eat less food, causing weight loss. […] Once the infection is over and the person is feeling better, he or she should start eating normally again. It is important to regain the weight lost as soon as possible and to restore the body’s nutritional reserves.

• #2 HIV infection and AIDS – symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hiv-infection-and-aids

  Untreated HIV usually leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within 10 years. Females generally transition to AIDS quicker than males. […] HIV damages your immune system and makes it difficult for it to fight infections and stop some cancers from developing. […] If you have AIDS, your immune system is weakened, so you are at a higher risk of developing infections not usually seen in healthy people brain infection (meningitis), tuberculosis (TB), cytomegalovirus (CMV), systemic (whole body) candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, bacterial pneumonia, cryptosporidiosis, some cancers Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, some neurological problems, such as dementia, kidney disease, wasting syndrome (weight loss, often with a fever or diarrhoea), skin infections such as oral thrush and herpes zoster. […] Females with progressing AIDS may develop uterine or cervical cancer.

• #2 HIV/AIDS in pregnant women and infants: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007689.htm

  Most infants born to HIV-positive women in the United States do not become HIV positive if the mother and infant have good prenatal and postpartum care that includes antiretroviral therapy (ART). […] Infants who are infected with HIV often have no symptoms for the first 2 to 3 months. Once symptoms develop, they can vary. Early symptoms may include: Yeast (candida) infections in the mouth, Failure to gain weight and grow, Swollen lymph glands, Swollen salivary glands, Enlarged spleen or liver, Ear and sinus infections, Upper respiratory tract infections, Being slow to walk, crawl, or speak compared to healthy babies, Diarrhea. […] Early treatment often prevents the HIV infection from progressing. […] Without treatment, a child’s immune system weakens over time, and infections that are uncommon in healthy children develop. These are severe infections in the body. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites. At this point, the illness has progressed to AIDS.

• #2 7 Symptoms Of The Early Stages Of HIV | Ending HIV

  https://endinghiv.org.au/blog/7-symptoms-of-hiv-early-stages/

  Lymph nodes are part of your bodys immune system and protect your blood by getting rid of bacteria and viruses. They tend to get inflamed when theres an infection. Many of them are located in your armpit, groin and neck which can result in aches and pains in these areas. […] Skin rashes can occur early or late in the course of HIV seroconversion and can last between two and three weeks. The rash may start as feeling non-itchy, but in some cases, can appear similar to boils with itchy, pink breakouts. […] Many people experience digestive system problems as a symptom of the early stages of HIV. However, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea can also appear in later stages of infection, usually as the result of an opportunistic infection. […] A severe, dry cough that can last for weeks to months without seeming to resolve (even with antibiotics and inhalers) is a typical symptom in very ill HIV patients. Any person with persistent symptoms such as these should see a doctor, especially if symptoms are worsening. […] Night sweats are repeated episodes of extreme sweating, causing bedding and any nightclothes to become soaked. Many people will get night sweats during the early stages of HIV. These can be even more common later in infection and arent related to exercise or the temperature of the room.

• #2 Patient education: Symptoms of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/symptoms-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics

  One of the most common opportunistic infections is yeast infection of the mouth or esophagus. Yeast infections are caused by Candida, a fungal organism that is normally found on the skin and in the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina in healthy individuals. Certain yeast infections can occur in people without HIV, (eg, vaginal yeast infections) although people with HIV are at a higher risk for this and other types of opportunistic infections. […] Candidiasis of the mouth, also known as thrush, causes cream-colored, slightly raised patches in the mouth, soreness, and easy bleeding […] Candidiasis of the esophagus may cause difficulty swallowing […] However, with diagnosis and treatment of HIV, the immune system can improve. Then the risk of opportunistic infections goes down. While the immune system is recovering, certain medications can help prevent any opportunistic infections from occurring in the first place.

• #2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection

  Serious opportunistic infections may cause various symptoms depending on the organ affected: Lungs: Fever, cough, or shortness of breath; Brain: Headache, weakness, loss of coordination, or deterioration of mental function; Digestive tract: Pain, diarrhea, or bleeding. […] HIV can also cause symptoms when it directly infects and damages organs such as the following: Brain: Brain damage with memory loss, difficulty thinking and concentrating, or both, eventually resulting in dementia if HIV infection is not treated, as well as weakness, tremor, or difficulty walking; Kidneys: Kidney failure with swelling in the legs and face, fatigue, and changes in urination, but often not until the infection is severe; Heart: Heart failure with shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, and fatigue (uncommon); Genital organs: Decreased levels of sex hormones, which may cause fatigue and sexual dysfunction in men.

• #2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection

  HIV is probably directly responsible for a substantial loss of weight (AIDS wasting) in some people. Wasting in people with AIDS may also be caused by a series of infections or by an untreated, persistent digestive tract infection. […] AIDS is diagnosed when the CD4 count falls below 200 cells per microliter of blood or when extreme wasting or certain serious opportunistic infections or cancers develop. […] Usually, death is caused by the cumulative effects of opportunistic infections or cancers, wasting, and/or dementia.

• #2 Travelers with HIV | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/hiv

  With many effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) options available to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), people with HIV who take their medications regularly can live long, healthy lives. […] Individuals with poorly controlled HIV (i.e., viral load is not suppressed) or advanced HIV (CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm3, a history of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness without subsequent immune reconstitution, or current clinical manifestations of symptomatic HIV), particularly those who are newly diagnosed and treatment nave, may face increased infectious disease risks when traveling. […] Recommend to patients with advanced HIV to delay travel if possible pending immune reconstitution and, ideally, viral suppression to minimize the risk of infectious diseases and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during travel.

• #2 The early signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS

  https://stdcenterny.com/hiv-signs-symptoms.html

  Most early HIV symptoms are nonspecific and commonly also caused by other viral infections, such as flu and mononucleosis. […] These are the most common symptoms of early HIV: Fever, Fatigue, joint, and muscle pain, Sore throat, Mouth sores, Body rash, Lymph node enlargement, Headache, Diarrhea. […] It is important to keep in mind that about 10% to 60% of people with newly acquired HIV do not get symptoms at all. […] Fever is one of the most common signs of acute HIV, and 75% of symptomatic people get it. […] Fatigue and muscle aches are other common symptoms of early HIV; 68% of symptomatic people get fatigue and 49% get muscle aches. […] Of all people with early HIV, 39% develop swollen lymph nodes. […] Among people with any early HIV symptoms, 40% develop mouth ulcerations. […] Generalized rash is a very common sign of early HIV. […] Forty-eight percent of people who have early HIV symptoms get skin rash. […] Forty-five percent of people with early HIV symptoms get headache. […] Twenty-seven percent of symptomatic people with early HIV get diarrhea.

• #2 HIV and AIDS | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/info/hiv

  Many people with HIV do not have any symptoms. Sometimes people have symptoms during an early HIV infection that feel like the flu, such as fever, fatigue, rash, muscle aches, or swollen lymph nodes. […] Other people may not have symptoms until HIV has caused AIDS. The only way to know for sure if you have HIV is to get a test. […] If a pregnant woman with HIV takes medicine, they can reduce the chance of giving HIV to their baby to almost none. This is so important that a doctor will test pregnant women for HIV throughout their pregnancy. […] Get tested for HIV if you have another sexually transmitted disease (STD). Having an STD increases your chances of getting HIV.

• #3 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524

  The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary depending on the person and the phase of infection. […] Some people infected by HIV get a flu-like illness within 2 to 4 weeks after the virus enters the body. This stage may last a few days to several weeks. Some people have no symptoms during this stage. […] Possible symptoms include: Fever. Headache. Muscle aches and joint pain. Rash. Sore throat and painful mouth sores. Swollen lymph glands, also called nodes, mainly on the neck. Diarrhea. Weight loss. Cough. Night sweats. […] These symptoms can be so mild that you might not notice them. However, the amount of virus in your bloodstream, called viral load, is high at this time. As a result, the infection spreads to others more easily during primary infection than during the next stage. […] In this stage of infection, HIV is still in the body and cells of the immune system, called white blood cells. But during this time, many people don’t have symptoms or the infections that HIV can cause.

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