Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/AIDS-Prognosis.aspx

  Prognosis of a disease is defined as the outcome or the expected course of the disease. At present there is no cure for AIDS and it is fatal without treatment. HIV infection, however, takes a very long time to develop into full blown AIDS. The time taken for development of AIDS from HIV infection may range from 6 months (very rare) to 15 years. In the UK the average time to development of AIDS from initial HIV infection is around 12 years. […] Beginning anti retroviral therapy after detection of HIV positive status helps in delaying the onset of AIDS and related conditions. In the U.S., most patients survive many years after diagnosis because of the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART has dramatically increased the amount of time people with HIV remain alive.

• #2 Life expectancy for people living with HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/life-expectancy-people-living-hiv

  With the right treatment and care, people with HIV can live a normal lifespan. […] People who have a good response to HIV treatment have excellent long-term prospects. […] Studies show that a person living with HIV has a similar life expectancy to an HIV-negative person providing they are diagnosed in good time, have good access to medical care, and are able to adhere to their HIV treatment. […] A number of factors can affect the life expectancy of people living with HIV. […] Having a high CD4 count and undetectable viral load. People with a high CD4 count and undetectable viral load have much higher life expectancies than those with low CD4 counts and high viral loads. […] The key finding was that for people on treatment and with high CD4 cell counts, life expectancy was only a few years lower than the general population, regardless of when they had started treatment.

• #3 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  If youre living with HIV, or youve been recently diagnosed, you can still look forward to a long, happy and healthy life. […] Several decades ago, the life expectancy for someone living with HIV was often less than ten years after diagnosis. […] Thanks to a better understanding of the condition and improvements in HIV treatment, today, the life expectancy for someone living with HIV can be similar to those living without it. […] How long an individual person will live with HIV is dependent on many factors. […] However, with effective treatment and early diagnosis, more people with HIV are living into an older age than ever before. […] As healthcare for people living with HIV continues to improve, treatments are becoming more effective, and come with a better understanding and management of side effects.

• #4 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/AIDS-Prognosis.aspx

  Prognosis of a disease is defined as the outcome or the expected course of the disease. At present there is no cure for AIDS and it is fatal without treatment. HIV infection, however, takes a very long time to develop into full blown AIDS. The time taken for development of AIDS from HIV infection may range from 6 months (very rare) to 15 years. In the UK the average time to development of AIDS from initial HIV infection is around 12 years. […] Beginning anti retroviral therapy after detection of HIV positive status helps in delaying the onset of AIDS and related conditions. In the U.S., most patients survive many years after diagnosis because of the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART has dramatically increased the amount of time people with HIV remain alive.

• #5 HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211316-overview

  The prognosis in patients with untreated HIV infection is poor, with an overall mortality rate of more than 90%. The average time from infection to death is 8-10 years, although individual variability ranges from less than 1 year to long-term nonprogression. Many variables have been implicated in HIV’s rate of progression, including CCR5-delta32 heterozygosity, mental health, concomitant drug or alcohol abuse, superinfection with another HIV strain, nutrition, and age. […] Once infection has progressed to AIDS, the survival period is usually less than 2 years in untreated patients. Persons in whom the infection does not progress long-term may not develop AIDS for 15 years or longer, although many still exhibit laboratory evidence of CD4 T-cell decline or dysfunction. […] The appropriate use of combination antiretroviral therapies and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections dramatically improves survival and greatly decreases the risk for secondary opportunistic infections. […] Overall, with the increasing use of antiretroviral therapy and the introduction of better antiviral regimens, survival with HIV infection has increased over time, although it is not yet equivalent to that in uninfected individuals.

• #6 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/AIDS-Prognosis.aspx

  Factors that affect the outcome of people with HIV include: CD4 cell count. Lower counts indicate a poor immunity and chances of getting infections that may often turn life-threatening. Viral load in blood. High number of viable viral RNA in blood is another indicator of poorer prognosis. Age of the patient. Infants and elderly are more at risk of a poorer outcome and rapid progress of the disease. Those who have developed a serious HIV related condition before starting the anti-HIV medication are also at a high risk of early AIDS progression and death. […] The most important factor is HIV medication availability. The amount of illness and death caused by HIV has fallen dramatically since powerful combinations of anti-HIV drugs became available in 1996. In addition, routine screening and early detection has also facilitated early institution of anti retroviral therapy and has improved prognosis.

• #7 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  Factors that can affect your life expectancy include: Access to HIV treatment and care: Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and quality medical care are crucial for improving life expectancy. […] Adherence to medication: Taking your HIV medication as prescribed is important for life expectancy, as it ensures you get the optimal benefits from your medication and reduce risks associated with non-adherence. […] CD4 count and viral load: A high CD4 count and undetectable viral load significantly increases life expectancy. […] HIV-related illnesses: Illnesses or infections that develop before or after your HIV diagnosis or treatment can negatively affect life expectancy. […] Other health conditions: Diseases like heart disease, liver disease, and cancer are often more likely to affect life expectancy than HIV itself.

• #8 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/AIDS-Prognosis.aspx

  Factors that affect the outcome of people with HIV include: CD4 cell count. Lower counts indicate a poor immunity and chances of getting infections that may often turn life-threatening. Viral load in blood. High number of viable viral RNA in blood is another indicator of poorer prognosis. Age of the patient. Infants and elderly are more at risk of a poorer outcome and rapid progress of the disease. Those who have developed a serious HIV related condition before starting the anti-HIV medication are also at a high risk of early AIDS progression and death. […] The most important factor is HIV medication availability. The amount of illness and death caused by HIV has fallen dramatically since powerful combinations of anti-HIV drugs became available in 1996. In addition, routine screening and early detection has also facilitated early institution of anti retroviral therapy and has improved prognosis.

• #9 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  The prognosis of adults in the developed world with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) who are adherent with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is now approaching that of the general population. This is attributable to the decreased incidence of AIDS opportunistic infections (OI) from cART use and improved care for those with HIV related complications. […] Certain factors are correlated with a worse prognosis from AIDS related conditions: African American or mixed races, the number of OIs, poor functional and nutritional status, anemia, active substance abuse, a low CD4+ count, and a high HIV viral load. For patients who do not receive cART with a CD4 count < 50 cells/mm3, survival ranges between 12-27 months; those with CD4+ counts <20 cells/mm3 have a median survival of 11 months.

• #10 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  Globally Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is an ongoing public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. […] This study aimed to assess predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy at Metema Hospital. […] The overall incidence rate was 6.7 (95% CI: 5.48.4) deaths per 100 person-years of observation. […] Being male (HR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.244.62), STAGE IV (HR=5.64; 95% CI: 2.5312.56), stage III (HR=3.31; 95% CI: 1.358.10), TB-coinfection (HR=3.71; 95% CI: 1.598.64), low hemoglobin (HR=4.14; 95% CI: 2.187.86), BMI15.4 kg/m2 (HR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.175.10) and viral load1000 copy/ml (HR=6.70; 95% CI: 3.413.22) were found to be a significant predictor for mortality among HIV patients on ART treatment.

• #11 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  The incidence of death was high. Being male, viral load, those with advanced STAGE (III IV), TB co-infected, low BMI, and low hemoglobin were at a higher risk of mortality. […] In this study, the overall incidence rate of mortality among adult HIV/ADIS patients who are on ART was 6.7 (95% CI (5.48.4)) per 100-person year of observation, consistent with other studies conducted in different areas of Ethiopia. […] In this study, the hazards of death among male patients were 2.4 times higher than females in line with other studies. […] In this study, those ART clients with higher viral load had an increased hazard of death. […] Similarly, patients who had advanced WHO clinical stages (stage III and IV) were a higher hazard of death than those in the WHO clinical stage I. […] Patients who had low hemoglobin levels have an increased hazard of death than those who had normal hemoglobin levels.

• #12 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  The prognosis of adults in the developed world with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) who are adherent with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is now approaching that of the general population. This is attributable to the decreased incidence of AIDS opportunistic infections (OI) from cART use and improved care for those with HIV related complications. […] Certain factors are correlated with a worse prognosis from AIDS related conditions: African American or mixed races, the number of OIs, poor functional and nutritional status, anemia, active substance abuse, a low CD4+ count, and a high HIV viral load. For patients who do not receive cART with a CD4 count < 50 cells/mm3, survival ranges between 12-27 months; those with CD4+ counts <20 cells/mm3 have a median survival of 11 months.

• #13 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  Globally Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is an ongoing public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. […] This study aimed to assess predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy at Metema Hospital. […] The overall incidence rate was 6.7 (95% CI: 5.48.4) deaths per 100 person-years of observation. […] Being male (HR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.244.62), STAGE IV (HR=5.64; 95% CI: 2.5312.56), stage III (HR=3.31; 95% CI: 1.358.10), TB-coinfection (HR=3.71; 95% CI: 1.598.64), low hemoglobin (HR=4.14; 95% CI: 2.187.86), BMI15.4 kg/m2 (HR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.175.10) and viral load1000 copy/ml (HR=6.70; 95% CI: 3.413.22) were found to be a significant predictor for mortality among HIV patients on ART treatment.

• #14 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  The incidence of death was high. Being male, viral load, those with advanced STAGE (III IV), TB co-infected, low BMI, and low hemoglobin were at a higher risk of mortality. […] In this study, the overall incidence rate of mortality among adult HIV/ADIS patients who are on ART was 6.7 (95% CI (5.48.4)) per 100-person year of observation, consistent with other studies conducted in different areas of Ethiopia. […] In this study, the hazards of death among male patients were 2.4 times higher than females in line with other studies. […] In this study, those ART clients with higher viral load had an increased hazard of death. […] Similarly, patients who had advanced WHO clinical stages (stage III and IV) were a higher hazard of death than those in the WHO clinical stage I. […] Patients who had low hemoglobin levels have an increased hazard of death than those who had normal hemoglobin levels.

• #15 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  Globally Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is an ongoing public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. […] This study aimed to assess predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy at Metema Hospital. […] The overall incidence rate was 6.7 (95% CI: 5.48.4) deaths per 100 person-years of observation. […] Being male (HR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.244.62), STAGE IV (HR=5.64; 95% CI: 2.5312.56), stage III (HR=3.31; 95% CI: 1.358.10), TB-coinfection (HR=3.71; 95% CI: 1.598.64), low hemoglobin (HR=4.14; 95% CI: 2.187.86), BMI15.4 kg/m2 (HR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.175.10) and viral load1000 copy/ml (HR=6.70; 95% CI: 3.413.22) were found to be a significant predictor for mortality among HIV patients on ART treatment.

• #16 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  Patients with TB-co infected with increased the hazard of death compared to clients not developing TB. […] In this study, the hazard of death among patients with BMI15.4 kg/m2 was 2.4 times higher than those with a BMI 18.5 kg/m2. […] In this study, the incidence of mortality was high. Patients on ART who have Advanced WHO patients (stage III and IV), viral load 1000 copy /ml, hemoglobin 10 mg/dl, TB co-infection, BMI 15.4 kg/m2, and being male sex had a higher risk of mortality.

• #17 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  Globally Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is an ongoing public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. […] This study aimed to assess predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy at Metema Hospital. […] The overall incidence rate was 6.7 (95% CI: 5.48.4) deaths per 100 person-years of observation. […] Being male (HR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.244.62), STAGE IV (HR=5.64; 95% CI: 2.5312.56), stage III (HR=3.31; 95% CI: 1.358.10), TB-coinfection (HR=3.71; 95% CI: 1.598.64), low hemoglobin (HR=4.14; 95% CI: 2.187.86), BMI15.4 kg/m2 (HR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.175.10) and viral load1000 copy/ml (HR=6.70; 95% CI: 3.413.22) were found to be a significant predictor for mortality among HIV patients on ART treatment.

• #18 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  Patients with TB-co infected with increased the hazard of death compared to clients not developing TB. […] In this study, the hazard of death among patients with BMI15.4 kg/m2 was 2.4 times higher than those with a BMI 18.5 kg/m2. […] In this study, the incidence of mortality was high. Patients on ART who have Advanced WHO patients (stage III and IV), viral load 1000 copy /ml, hemoglobin 10 mg/dl, TB co-infection, BMI 15.4 kg/m2, and being male sex had a higher risk of mortality.

• #19 Self-reported dietary intake and appetite predict early treatment outcome among low-BMI adults initiating HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa | Public Health Nutrition | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/selfreported-dietary-intake-and-appetite-predict-early-treatment-outcome-among-lowbmi-adults-initiating-hiv-treatment-in-subsaharan-africa/8623D86FDA704B4CA7D946AE8D391EF9

  Low BMI is a major risk factor for early mortality among HIV-infected persons starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa and the common patient belief that antiretroviral medications produce distressing levels of hunger is a barrier to treatment adherence. […] A 500 kJ/d higher energy intake at any time after ART initiation was associated with an approximate 16 % reduction in the hazard of death (adjusted hazard ratio = 084; P = 001), but the relative contribution of carbohydrate, protein or fat to total energy was not a significant predictor of outcome. […] Poor early ART outcomes were strikingly high in a cohort of HIV-infected adults with advanced malnutrition and mortality was predicted by lower dietary intake. […] A low BMI is an independent predictor of early (e.g. 6 months) mortality after ART initiation in several analyses from sub-Saharan Africa and improving treatment outcomes for this population is a critical challenge for global health efforts.

• #20 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  Globally Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is an ongoing public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. […] This study aimed to assess predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy at Metema Hospital. […] The overall incidence rate was 6.7 (95% CI: 5.48.4) deaths per 100 person-years of observation. […] Being male (HR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.244.62), STAGE IV (HR=5.64; 95% CI: 2.5312.56), stage III (HR=3.31; 95% CI: 1.358.10), TB-coinfection (HR=3.71; 95% CI: 1.598.64), low hemoglobin (HR=4.14; 95% CI: 2.187.86), BMI15.4 kg/m2 (HR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.175.10) and viral load1000 copy/ml (HR=6.70; 95% CI: 3.413.22) were found to be a significant predictor for mortality among HIV patients on ART treatment.

• #21 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  The incidence of death was high. Being male, viral load, those with advanced STAGE (III IV), TB co-infected, low BMI, and low hemoglobin were at a higher risk of mortality. […] In this study, the overall incidence rate of mortality among adult HIV/ADIS patients who are on ART was 6.7 (95% CI (5.48.4)) per 100-person year of observation, consistent with other studies conducted in different areas of Ethiopia. […] In this study, the hazards of death among male patients were 2.4 times higher than females in line with other studies. […] In this study, those ART clients with higher viral load had an increased hazard of death. […] Similarly, patients who had advanced WHO clinical stages (stage III and IV) were a higher hazard of death than those in the WHO clinical stage I. […] Patients who had low hemoglobin levels have an increased hazard of death than those who had normal hemoglobin levels.

• #22 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/AIDS-Prognosis.aspx

  Factors that affect the outcome of people with HIV include: CD4 cell count. Lower counts indicate a poor immunity and chances of getting infections that may often turn life-threatening. Viral load in blood. High number of viable viral RNA in blood is another indicator of poorer prognosis. Age of the patient. Infants and elderly are more at risk of a poorer outcome and rapid progress of the disease. Those who have developed a serious HIV related condition before starting the anti-HIV medication are also at a high risk of early AIDS progression and death. […] The most important factor is HIV medication availability. The amount of illness and death caused by HIV has fallen dramatically since powerful combinations of anti-HIV drugs became available in 1996. In addition, routine screening and early detection has also facilitated early institution of anti retroviral therapy and has improved prognosis.

• #23

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2016/01050/characteristics_and_outcome_of_patients_diagnosed.17.aspx

  To characterize the clinical, virological, and immunological status at presentation as well as the outcome of patients diagnosed with HIV above the age of 50. […] Eighty nine (21%) patients were diagnosed with HIV at an older age. Those older patients presented with significant lower CD4 cell counts and higher viral-load compared with the younger patients. At the end of the study, the older patients had higher mortality rate (21% vs 3.5%; P 0.001) and lower CD4 cell counts (381 228 vs 483 261cells/L; P 0.001) compared with the younger patients. This difference was also observed between older and younger patients with similar CD4 cell counts and viral load at the time of HIV diagnosis and among patients with a recent (1 year) HIV infection. […] One-fifth of HIV patients are diagnosed at older age (50 years). Those older patients have less favorable outcome compared with the younger patients. This point to the need of educational and screening programs within older populations and for a closer follow-up of older HIV patients.

• #24

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2016/01050/characteristics_and_outcome_of_patients_diagnosed.17.aspx

  The main findings of the present study are that one-fifth (21%) of the patients newly diagnosed with HIV are above the age of 50. Those older patients presented with higher VL and lower CD4 cell counts compared with the younger patients. Moreover, the older patients had less favorable outcome with high mortality rate and more impairment of their immune system, compared with young patients. […] Despite good HAART adherence (about 85%90%), the prognosis of the older HIV patients was less favorable compared with young patients. The older patients demonstrated higher mortality rate (Table 2) and less immunological improvement (Figure 1) compared with the younger patients.

• #25 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  Globally Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is an ongoing public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. […] This study aimed to assess predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy at Metema Hospital. […] The overall incidence rate was 6.7 (95% CI: 5.48.4) deaths per 100 person-years of observation. […] Being male (HR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.244.62), STAGE IV (HR=5.64; 95% CI: 2.5312.56), stage III (HR=3.31; 95% CI: 1.358.10), TB-coinfection (HR=3.71; 95% CI: 1.598.64), low hemoglobin (HR=4.14; 95% CI: 2.187.86), BMI15.4 kg/m2 (HR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.175.10) and viral load1000 copy/ml (HR=6.70; 95% CI: 3.413.22) were found to be a significant predictor for mortality among HIV patients on ART treatment.

• #26 Predictors of mortality rate among adult HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-021-00353-z

  The incidence of death was high. Being male, viral load, those with advanced STAGE (III IV), TB co-infected, low BMI, and low hemoglobin were at a higher risk of mortality. […] In this study, the overall incidence rate of mortality among adult HIV/ADIS patients who are on ART was 6.7 (95% CI (5.48.4)) per 100-person year of observation, consistent with other studies conducted in different areas of Ethiopia. […] In this study, the hazards of death among male patients were 2.4 times higher than females in line with other studies. […] In this study, those ART clients with higher viral load had an increased hazard of death. […] Similarly, patients who had advanced WHO clinical stages (stage III and IV) were a higher hazard of death than those in the WHO clinical stage I. […] Patients who had low hemoglobin levels have an increased hazard of death than those who had normal hemoglobin levels.

• #27 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  Life expectancy for people living with HIV varies based on socioeconomic factors like income, education, and location. […] Those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds often face barriers such as: Delays in treatment: socioeconomic challenges often lead to late HIV diagnosis and delayed ART initiation, increasing the risk of complications and reducing life expectancy. […] Financial struggles and unstable living conditions can make it difficult to stick to a daily ART regimen, leading to treatment failure and lower life expectancy. […] Access to proper nutrition is vital for effective HIV treatment. […] Where you live plays a significant role in HIV outcomes.

• #28 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  Factors that can affect your life expectancy include: Access to HIV treatment and care: Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and quality medical care are crucial for improving life expectancy. […] Adherence to medication: Taking your HIV medication as prescribed is important for life expectancy, as it ensures you get the optimal benefits from your medication and reduce risks associated with non-adherence. […] CD4 count and viral load: A high CD4 count and undetectable viral load significantly increases life expectancy. […] HIV-related illnesses: Illnesses or infections that develop before or after your HIV diagnosis or treatment can negatively affect life expectancy. […] Other health conditions: Diseases like heart disease, liver disease, and cancer are often more likely to affect life expectancy than HIV itself.

• #29 HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211316-overview

  The prognosis in patients with untreated HIV infection is poor, with an overall mortality rate of more than 90%. The average time from infection to death is 8-10 years, although individual variability ranges from less than 1 year to long-term nonprogression. Many variables have been implicated in HIV’s rate of progression, including CCR5-delta32 heterozygosity, mental health, concomitant drug or alcohol abuse, superinfection with another HIV strain, nutrition, and age. […] Once infection has progressed to AIDS, the survival period is usually less than 2 years in untreated patients. Persons in whom the infection does not progress long-term may not develop AIDS for 15 years or longer, although many still exhibit laboratory evidence of CD4 T-cell decline or dysfunction. […] The appropriate use of combination antiretroviral therapies and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections dramatically improves survival and greatly decreases the risk for secondary opportunistic infections. […] Overall, with the increasing use of antiretroviral therapy and the introduction of better antiviral regimens, survival with HIV infection has increased over time, although it is not yet equivalent to that in uninfected individuals.

• #30 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  Factors that can affect your life expectancy include: Access to HIV treatment and care: Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and quality medical care are crucial for improving life expectancy. […] Adherence to medication: Taking your HIV medication as prescribed is important for life expectancy, as it ensures you get the optimal benefits from your medication and reduce risks associated with non-adherence. […] CD4 count and viral load: A high CD4 count and undetectable viral load significantly increases life expectancy. […] HIV-related illnesses: Illnesses or infections that develop before or after your HIV diagnosis or treatment can negatively affect life expectancy. […] Other health conditions: Diseases like heart disease, liver disease, and cancer are often more likely to affect life expectancy than HIV itself.

• #31 Life expectancy for people living with HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/life-expectancy-people-living-hiv

  With the right treatment and care, people with HIV can live a normal lifespan. […] People who have a good response to HIV treatment have excellent long-term prospects. […] Studies show that a person living with HIV has a similar life expectancy to an HIV-negative person providing they are diagnosed in good time, have good access to medical care, and are able to adhere to their HIV treatment. […] A number of factors can affect the life expectancy of people living with HIV. […] Having a high CD4 count and undetectable viral load. People with a high CD4 count and undetectable viral load have much higher life expectancies than those with low CD4 counts and high viral loads. […] The key finding was that for people on treatment and with high CD4 cell counts, life expectancy was only a few years lower than the general population, regardless of when they had started treatment.

• #32 Development and external validation of a prognostic model for survival of people living with HIV/AIDS initiating antiretroviral therapy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8427312/

  Most existing prognostic models for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were derived from cohorts in high-income settings established a decade ago and may not be applicable for contemporary patients, especially for patients in developing settings. […] The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate a prognostic model for survival in PLWHA initiating ART based on a large population-based cohort in China. […] We have developed and externally validated a model to predict long-term survival in PLWHA on ART. This model could be applied to individualized patient counseling and management during treatment, and future innovative trial design. […] Our study identifies a range of independent predictors for long-term survival in PLWHA starting ART and provides a validated prognostic model.

• #33 Development and external validation of a prognostic model for survival of people living with HIV/AIDS initiating antiretroviral therapy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8427312/

  Most existing prognostic models for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were derived from cohorts in high-income settings established a decade ago and may not be applicable for contemporary patients, especially for patients in developing settings. […] The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate a prognostic model for survival in PLWHA initiating ART based on a large population-based cohort in China. […] We have developed and externally validated a model to predict long-term survival in PLWHA on ART. This model could be applied to individualized patient counseling and management during treatment, and future innovative trial design. […] Our study identifies a range of independent predictors for long-term survival in PLWHA starting ART and provides a validated prognostic model.

• #34 Construction and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting the survival of HIV/AIDS adults who received antiretroviral therapy: a cohort between 2003 and 2019 in Nanjing | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-12249-8

  Great achievements have been achieved by free antiretroviral therapy (ART). A rapid and accurate prediction of survival in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) is needed for effective management. We aimed to establish an effective prognostic model to forecast the survival of PLHIV after ART. […] Predictive factors including CD4 cell count (CD4), body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin (HB) were determined and incorporated into the nomogram. […] The nomogram is effective and accurate in forecasting the survival of PLHIV, and beneficial for medical workers in health administration. […] It is essential to create a tool to rapidly and accurately predict death risk among PLHIV. […] The calibration curve also exhibited a high consistency in the predictive power (especially in the first 3 years after ART initiation) of the nomogram.

• #35 Construction and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting the survival of HIV/AIDS adults who received antiretroviral therapy: a cohort between 2003 and 2019 in Nanjing | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-12249-8

  A prognostic model (including CD4, BMI and HB) with satisfactory discrimination and calibration was developed to predict the three-year and five-year survival of PLHIV receiving ART. […] In this study, the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that the five factors (Shingles, CD4, BMI, HB and TC) were associated with the HIV/AIDS-related survival time. […] To overcome the limitation of a single predictor and simplify the prediction procedure, three detected factors (CD4, BMI and HB) were combined to construct a prognostic model to predict the three-year and five-year survival of ART-treated PLHIV, which exhibited a high consistency. […] The prediction model (combine 2) showed better performance. Overall, the DCA curve demonstrated that the prediction model (combine 2) could make valuable and profitable judgements. […] The present model has a limitation. It was established based on a few easily collected and low-cost predictors due to the underdeveloped technology in the past.

• #36 Construction and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting the survival of HIV/AIDS adults who received antiretroviral therapy: a cohort between 2003 and 2019 in Nanjing | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-12249-8

  A prognostic model (including CD4, BMI and HB) with satisfactory discrimination and calibration was developed to predict the three-year and five-year survival of PLHIV receiving ART. […] In this study, the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that the five factors (Shingles, CD4, BMI, HB and TC) were associated with the HIV/AIDS-related survival time. […] To overcome the limitation of a single predictor and simplify the prediction procedure, three detected factors (CD4, BMI and HB) were combined to construct a prognostic model to predict the three-year and five-year survival of ART-treated PLHIV, which exhibited a high consistency. […] The prediction model (combine 2) showed better performance. Overall, the DCA curve demonstrated that the prediction model (combine 2) could make valuable and profitable judgements. […] The present model has a limitation. It was established based on a few easily collected and low-cost predictors due to the underdeveloped technology in the past.

• #37 Predictive Analytics for Retention in Care in an Urban HIV Clinic | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62729-x

  Therefore, methods are needed to identify and prioritize HIV-positive patients at highest risk for falling out of medical care. […] Machine learning methods are particularly well suited for early warning systems that inform interventions for patient retention because they (1) are optimized for future predictive accuracy, (2) can detect non-linear complex interactions (as opposed to traditional methods), (3) are able to rank and prioritize individuals according to risk score rather than group risk, and (4) combine multi-source data at different levels of granularity. […] The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning predictive model of retention in HIV care among individuals in an urban HIV care clinic using electronic medical record (EMR) data, geospatial data, and US Census data.

• #38 Machine learning-based in-hospital mortality prediction of HIV/AIDS patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection in Guangxi, China | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010388%20

  Talaromycosis is a serious regional disease endemic in Southeast Asia. In China, Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infections is mainly concentrated in the southern region, especially in Guangxi, and cause considerable in-hospital mortality in HIV-infected individuals. […] The average in-hospital mortality rate was 13.3% (256/1927) from 2012 to 2019. […] The predictive XGBoost model exhibited 0.71 sensitivity, 0.99 specificity, and 0.97 AUC in the training dataset, and our outcome prediction model provided robust discrimination in the testing dataset, showing an AUC of 0.90 with 0.69 sensitivity and 0.96 specificity. […] The XGBoost machine learning model is a good predictor in the hospitalization outcome of HIV/AIDS patients with T. marneffei infection. The model may have potential application in mortality prediction and high-risk factor identification in the talaromycosis population.

• #39 Predictive Analytics for Retention in Care in an Urban HIV Clinic | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62729-x

  This study demonstrates the potential of machine learning models to identify individual patients at the highest risk for falling out of HIV care, allowing busy HIV care clinics to direct limited resources toward patients who need them the most. […] Our machine learning model was compared to logistic regression model and shown to have superior performance, be more adaptive, and have less disparate impact on minorities. Such a model will allow more precise prioritization of retention resources to patients likely to benefit most.

• #40 Development and external validation of a prognostic model for survival of people living with HIV/AIDS initiating antiretroviral therapy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8427312/

  Our prognostic model has several practical applications. Healthcare providers can use our model in a freely available online tool to calculate estimates of survival for individual PLWHA, either at ART initiation or during follow-up. This could help healthcare providers identify patients at high risk of death in a timely and straight-forward manner, and determine the intensity of care and adopt personalized care. […] In conclusion, we have developed and externally validated a model consisting of 10 clinical and biochemical variables for accurate prediction of long-term survival probabilities of PLWHA on ART. The prediction model has the potential to facilitate tailored HIV disease management, which might help improve the life expectancy and quality of life of PLWHA patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and precision medicine.

• #41 Development and external validation of a prognostic model for survival of people living with HIV/AIDS initiating antiretroviral therapy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8427312/

  Our prognostic model has several practical applications. Healthcare providers can use our model in a freely available online tool to calculate estimates of survival for individual PLWHA, either at ART initiation or during follow-up. This could help healthcare providers identify patients at high risk of death in a timely and straight-forward manner, and determine the intensity of care and adopt personalized care. […] In conclusion, we have developed and externally validated a model consisting of 10 clinical and biochemical variables for accurate prediction of long-term survival probabilities of PLWHA on ART. The prediction model has the potential to facilitate tailored HIV disease management, which might help improve the life expectancy and quality of life of PLWHA patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and precision medicine.

• #42 Life expectancy for people living with HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/life-expectancy-people-living-hiv

  With the right treatment and care, people with HIV can live a normal lifespan. […] People who have a good response to HIV treatment have excellent long-term prospects. […] Studies show that a person living with HIV has a similar life expectancy to an HIV-negative person providing they are diagnosed in good time, have good access to medical care, and are able to adhere to their HIV treatment. […] A number of factors can affect the life expectancy of people living with HIV. […] Having a high CD4 count and undetectable viral load. People with a high CD4 count and undetectable viral load have much higher life expectancies than those with low CD4 counts and high viral loads. […] The key finding was that for people on treatment and with high CD4 cell counts, life expectancy was only a few years lower than the general population, regardless of when they had started treatment.

• #43 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #44 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  If youre living with HIV, or youve been recently diagnosed, you can still look forward to a long, happy and healthy life. […] Several decades ago, the life expectancy for someone living with HIV was often less than ten years after diagnosis. […] Thanks to a better understanding of the condition and improvements in HIV treatment, today, the life expectancy for someone living with HIV can be similar to those living without it. […] How long an individual person will live with HIV is dependent on many factors. […] However, with effective treatment and early diagnosis, more people with HIV are living into an older age than ever before. […] As healthcare for people living with HIV continues to improve, treatments are becoming more effective, and come with a better understanding and management of side effects.

• #45 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #46 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  If youre living with HIV, or youve been recently diagnosed, you can still look forward to a long, happy and healthy life. […] Several decades ago, the life expectancy for someone living with HIV was often less than ten years after diagnosis. […] Thanks to a better understanding of the condition and improvements in HIV treatment, today, the life expectancy for someone living with HIV can be similar to those living without it. […] How long an individual person will live with HIV is dependent on many factors. […] However, with effective treatment and early diagnosis, more people with HIV are living into an older age than ever before. […] As healthcare for people living with HIV continues to improve, treatments are becoming more effective, and come with a better understanding and management of side effects.

• #47 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #48 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  If youre living with HIV, or youve been recently diagnosed, you can still look forward to a long, happy and healthy life. […] Several decades ago, the life expectancy for someone living with HIV was often less than ten years after diagnosis. […] Thanks to a better understanding of the condition and improvements in HIV treatment, today, the life expectancy for someone living with HIV can be similar to those living without it. […] How long an individual person will live with HIV is dependent on many factors. […] However, with effective treatment and early diagnosis, more people with HIV are living into an older age than ever before. […] As healthcare for people living with HIV continues to improve, treatments are becoming more effective, and come with a better understanding and management of side effects.

• #49 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #50 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #51 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #52 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #53 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #54 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The CDC states that once someone receives an AIDS diagnosis (stage 3), they typically have a life expectancy of three years. […] Advances in HIV treatment have allowed the first generation of people living with HIV to reach later life and access age-related care. […] While many illnesses are treatable, some medications may impact the effectiveness of HIV treatment, so its crucial to consult your healthcare team promptly if you develop a new condition or if an illness affects your health. […] Even though people living with HIV now often have life expectancies similar to those without the virus, research suggests they may experience fewer years in good health. […] A study found that, on average, people living with HIV may develop serious health issues 16 years earlier than those who are HIV-negative.

• #55 HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211316-overview

  The prognosis in patients with untreated HIV infection is poor, with an overall mortality rate of more than 90%. The average time from infection to death is 8-10 years, although individual variability ranges from less than 1 year to long-term nonprogression. Many variables have been implicated in HIV’s rate of progression, including CCR5-delta32 heterozygosity, mental health, concomitant drug or alcohol abuse, superinfection with another HIV strain, nutrition, and age. […] Once infection has progressed to AIDS, the survival period is usually less than 2 years in untreated patients. Persons in whom the infection does not progress long-term may not develop AIDS for 15 years or longer, although many still exhibit laboratory evidence of CD4 T-cell decline or dysfunction. […] The appropriate use of combination antiretroviral therapies and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections dramatically improves survival and greatly decreases the risk for secondary opportunistic infections. […] Overall, with the increasing use of antiretroviral therapy and the introduction of better antiviral regimens, survival with HIV infection has increased over time, although it is not yet equivalent to that in uninfected individuals.

• #56 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The CDC states that once someone receives an AIDS diagnosis (stage 3), they typically have a life expectancy of three years. […] Advances in HIV treatment have allowed the first generation of people living with HIV to reach later life and access age-related care. […] While many illnesses are treatable, some medications may impact the effectiveness of HIV treatment, so its crucial to consult your healthcare team promptly if you develop a new condition or if an illness affects your health. […] Even though people living with HIV now often have life expectancies similar to those without the virus, research suggests they may experience fewer years in good health. […] A study found that, on average, people living with HIV may develop serious health issues 16 years earlier than those who are HIV-negative.

• #57 Life expectancy for people living with HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/life-expectancy-people-living-hiv

  However, CD4 cell count has the strongest influence on life expectancy. […] Although people living with HIV now have similar life expectancies to HIV-negative people, studies show that they may spend fewer of their years in good health. […] With the right treatment and care, most people living with HIV in the UK will have a more or less normal lifespan.

• #58 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The CDC states that once someone receives an AIDS diagnosis (stage 3), they typically have a life expectancy of three years. […] Advances in HIV treatment have allowed the first generation of people living with HIV to reach later life and access age-related care. […] While many illnesses are treatable, some medications may impact the effectiveness of HIV treatment, so its crucial to consult your healthcare team promptly if you develop a new condition or if an illness affects your health. […] Even though people living with HIV now often have life expectancies similar to those without the virus, research suggests they may experience fewer years in good health. […] A study found that, on average, people living with HIV may develop serious health issues 16 years earlier than those who are HIV-negative.

• #59 Life expectancy for people living with HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/life-expectancy-people-living-hiv

  However, CD4 cell count has the strongest influence on life expectancy. […] Although people living with HIV now have similar life expectancies to HIV-negative people, studies show that they may spend fewer of their years in good health. […] With the right treatment and care, most people living with HIV in the UK will have a more or less normal lifespan.

• #60 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  Not only has the incidence of OIs declined dramatically since the early 1990s, but the 5 year survival following an AIDS defining OI is now 65%. Below are prognostic data for the most common OIs and HIV related conditions in descending incidence during 2000-2015: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP): incident mortality 9.7-11.6%. Poor prognostic indicators include: age >50, respiratory failure, ICU admission, anemia, low albumin, new HIV diagnosis. Following successfully treatment of PCP, one year survival is 94% and 5 year survival is 73%. […] AIDS Wasting Syndrome: 5 year mortality is 23%. […] Cryptococcal meningitis: 90 day mortality is 10-19%. 1 year mortality is 16-26%. Increased age, intracranial pressure >25 cm, positive CSF cultures after 2 weeks therapy, cryptococcemia, and absence of cART are risk factors for mortality.

• #61 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  Not only has the incidence of OIs declined dramatically since the early 1990s, but the 5 year survival following an AIDS defining OI is now 65%. Below are prognostic data for the most common OIs and HIV related conditions in descending incidence during 2000-2015: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP): incident mortality 9.7-11.6%. Poor prognostic indicators include: age >50, respiratory failure, ICU admission, anemia, low albumin, new HIV diagnosis. Following successfully treatment of PCP, one year survival is 94% and 5 year survival is 73%. […] AIDS Wasting Syndrome: 5 year mortality is 23%. […] Cryptococcal meningitis: 90 day mortality is 10-19%. 1 year mortality is 16-26%. Increased age, intracranial pressure >25 cm, positive CSF cultures after 2 weeks therapy, cryptococcemia, and absence of cART are risk factors for mortality.

• #62 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  HIV-associated dementia: 1 year survival is about 65%. […] Disseminated MAC infection: median survival 10 months; mortality is four fold that of MAC negative matched HIV+ patients. […] Cryptosporidial enteritis: 5 year survival is 81%. […] Cytomegalovirus disease including retinitis: median survival is 13-35 months. […] Toxoplasma encephalitis: 77-90% survival at 12months if on cART with most deaths occurring within 6 months. […] PML: median survival without cART is 4 months; overall 1 year survival is 50-63%. Predictors of survival beyond one year include cART adherence and CD4+ > 100 cells/mm3 at diagnosis.

• #63 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  Not only has the incidence of OIs declined dramatically since the early 1990s, but the 5 year survival following an AIDS defining OI is now 65%. Below are prognostic data for the most common OIs and HIV related conditions in descending incidence during 2000-2015: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP): incident mortality 9.7-11.6%. Poor prognostic indicators include: age >50, respiratory failure, ICU admission, anemia, low albumin, new HIV diagnosis. Following successfully treatment of PCP, one year survival is 94% and 5 year survival is 73%. […] AIDS Wasting Syndrome: 5 year mortality is 23%. […] Cryptococcal meningitis: 90 day mortality is 10-19%. 1 year mortality is 16-26%. Increased age, intracranial pressure >25 cm, positive CSF cultures after 2 weeks therapy, cryptococcemia, and absence of cART are risk factors for mortality.

• #64 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  Not only has the incidence of OIs declined dramatically since the early 1990s, but the 5 year survival following an AIDS defining OI is now 65%. Below are prognostic data for the most common OIs and HIV related conditions in descending incidence during 2000-2015: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP): incident mortality 9.7-11.6%. Poor prognostic indicators include: age >50, respiratory failure, ICU admission, anemia, low albumin, new HIV diagnosis. Following successfully treatment of PCP, one year survival is 94% and 5 year survival is 73%. […] AIDS Wasting Syndrome: 5 year mortality is 23%. […] Cryptococcal meningitis: 90 day mortality is 10-19%. 1 year mortality is 16-26%. Increased age, intracranial pressure >25 cm, positive CSF cultures after 2 weeks therapy, cryptococcemia, and absence of cART are risk factors for mortality.

• #65 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  Not only has the incidence of OIs declined dramatically since the early 1990s, but the 5 year survival following an AIDS defining OI is now 65%. Below are prognostic data for the most common OIs and HIV related conditions in descending incidence during 2000-2015: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP): incident mortality 9.7-11.6%. Poor prognostic indicators include: age >50, respiratory failure, ICU admission, anemia, low albumin, new HIV diagnosis. Following successfully treatment of PCP, one year survival is 94% and 5 year survival is 73%. […] AIDS Wasting Syndrome: 5 year mortality is 23%. […] Cryptococcal meningitis: 90 day mortality is 10-19%. 1 year mortality is 16-26%. Increased age, intracranial pressure >25 cm, positive CSF cultures after 2 weeks therapy, cryptococcemia, and absence of cART are risk factors for mortality.

• #66 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  HIV-associated dementia: 1 year survival is about 65%. […] Disseminated MAC infection: median survival 10 months; mortality is four fold that of MAC negative matched HIV+ patients. […] Cryptosporidial enteritis: 5 year survival is 81%. […] Cytomegalovirus disease including retinitis: median survival is 13-35 months. […] Toxoplasma encephalitis: 77-90% survival at 12months if on cART with most deaths occurring within 6 months. […] PML: median survival without cART is 4 months; overall 1 year survival is 50-63%. Predictors of survival beyond one year include cART adherence and CD4+ > 100 cells/mm3 at diagnosis.

• #67 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  HIV-associated dementia: 1 year survival is about 65%. […] Disseminated MAC infection: median survival 10 months; mortality is four fold that of MAC negative matched HIV+ patients. […] Cryptosporidial enteritis: 5 year survival is 81%. […] Cytomegalovirus disease including retinitis: median survival is 13-35 months. […] Toxoplasma encephalitis: 77-90% survival at 12months if on cART with most deaths occurring within 6 months. […] PML: median survival without cART is 4 months; overall 1 year survival is 50-63%. Predictors of survival beyond one year include cART adherence and CD4+ > 100 cells/mm3 at diagnosis.

• #68 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  HIV-associated dementia: 1 year survival is about 65%. […] Disseminated MAC infection: median survival 10 months; mortality is four fold that of MAC negative matched HIV+ patients. […] Cryptosporidial enteritis: 5 year survival is 81%. […] Cytomegalovirus disease including retinitis: median survival is 13-35 months. […] Toxoplasma encephalitis: 77-90% survival at 12months if on cART with most deaths occurring within 6 months. […] PML: median survival without cART is 4 months; overall 1 year survival is 50-63%. Predictors of survival beyond one year include cART adherence and CD4+ > 100 cells/mm3 at diagnosis.

• #69 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  HIV-associated dementia: 1 year survival is about 65%. […] Disseminated MAC infection: median survival 10 months; mortality is four fold that of MAC negative matched HIV+ patients. […] Cryptosporidial enteritis: 5 year survival is 81%. […] Cytomegalovirus disease including retinitis: median survival is 13-35 months. […] Toxoplasma encephalitis: 77-90% survival at 12months if on cART with most deaths occurring within 6 months. […] PML: median survival without cART is 4 months; overall 1 year survival is 50-63%. Predictors of survival beyond one year include cART adherence and CD4+ > 100 cells/mm3 at diagnosis.

• #70 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  HIV-associated dementia: 1 year survival is about 65%. […] Disseminated MAC infection: median survival 10 months; mortality is four fold that of MAC negative matched HIV+ patients. […] Cryptosporidial enteritis: 5 year survival is 81%. […] Cytomegalovirus disease including retinitis: median survival is 13-35 months. […] Toxoplasma encephalitis: 77-90% survival at 12months if on cART with most deaths occurring within 6 months. […] PML: median survival without cART is 4 months; overall 1 year survival is 50-63%. Predictors of survival beyond one year include cART adherence and CD4+ > 100 cells/mm3 at diagnosis.

• #71 FF #213 Prognosis in HIV and AIDS | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/prognosis-in-hiv-and-aids/

  HIV-associated dementia: 1 year survival is about 65%. […] Disseminated MAC infection: median survival 10 months; mortality is four fold that of MAC negative matched HIV+ patients. […] Cryptosporidial enteritis: 5 year survival is 81%. […] Cytomegalovirus disease including retinitis: median survival is 13-35 months. […] Toxoplasma encephalitis: 77-90% survival at 12months if on cART with most deaths occurring within 6 months. […] PML: median survival without cART is 4 months; overall 1 year survival is 50-63%. Predictors of survival beyond one year include cART adherence and CD4+ > 100 cells/mm3 at diagnosis.

• #72 HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742017001000018

  HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit […] The indications for and outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission of HIV-positive patients in resource-poor settings such as sub-Saharan Africa are unknown. […] To identify indications for ICU admission and determine factors associated with high ICU and hospital mortality in HIV-positive patients. […] Seventy-seven HIV-positive patients were admitted to an ICU, of whom two were aged 18 years and were excluded from the final analysis. […] ICU and hospital mortality rates were 25.3% and 34.7%, respectively. […] Predictors of ICU mortality included an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score 13 (odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 – 1.7; p=0.015), receipt of renal replacement therapy (RRT) (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2 – 4.1; p=0.018) and receipt of inotropes (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6 – 3.4; p0.001).

• #73 HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742017001000018

  Predictors of hospital mortality were severe sepsis on admission (OR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9 – 9.1; p=0.07), receipt of RRT (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 – 3.6; p=0.056) and receipt of inotropic support (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4 – 3.2; p0.001). […] Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CD4 count, detectable HIV viral load and diagnosis at ICU admission did not predict ICU or hospital mortality. […] Respiratory illnesses remain the main indication for ICU in HIV-positive patients. […] Severity of illness as indicated by a high APACHE II score, multiple organ dysfunction requiring inotropic support and RRT, rather than receipt of HAART, CD4 count and diagnosis at ICU admission, are predictors of ICU and hospital mortality. […] The key findings of our study were: (i) that respiratory illnesses remain the major indication for ICU admission in HIV-positive patients; (ii) that there were ICU and hospital mortality rates of 25.3% and 34.7%, respectively, in a contemporary SA setting; and (iii) that factors associated with poor short-term outcomes in HIV-positive patients admitted to the ICU were the use of RRT, vasopressor support and an APACHE II score 13.

• #74 HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742017001000018

  HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit […] The indications for and outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission of HIV-positive patients in resource-poor settings such as sub-Saharan Africa are unknown. […] To identify indications for ICU admission and determine factors associated with high ICU and hospital mortality in HIV-positive patients. […] Seventy-seven HIV-positive patients were admitted to an ICU, of whom two were aged 18 years and were excluded from the final analysis. […] ICU and hospital mortality rates were 25.3% and 34.7%, respectively. […] Predictors of ICU mortality included an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score 13 (odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 – 1.7; p=0.015), receipt of renal replacement therapy (RRT) (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2 – 4.1; p=0.018) and receipt of inotropes (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6 – 3.4; p0.001).

• #75 HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742017001000018

  Predictors of hospital mortality were severe sepsis on admission (OR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9 – 9.1; p=0.07), receipt of RRT (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 – 3.6; p=0.056) and receipt of inotropic support (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4 – 3.2; p0.001). […] Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CD4 count, detectable HIV viral load and diagnosis at ICU admission did not predict ICU or hospital mortality. […] Respiratory illnesses remain the main indication for ICU in HIV-positive patients. […] Severity of illness as indicated by a high APACHE II score, multiple organ dysfunction requiring inotropic support and RRT, rather than receipt of HAART, CD4 count and diagnosis at ICU admission, are predictors of ICU and hospital mortality. […] The key findings of our study were: (i) that respiratory illnesses remain the major indication for ICU admission in HIV-positive patients; (ii) that there were ICU and hospital mortality rates of 25.3% and 34.7%, respectively, in a contemporary SA setting; and (iii) that factors associated with poor short-term outcomes in HIV-positive patients admitted to the ICU were the use of RRT, vasopressor support and an APACHE II score 13.

• #76 HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742017001000018

  The severity of the acute event as marked by high APACHE II scores, the use of inotropes and RRT is reported to be associated with poor short-term outcomes. […] In our study, we found that a high APACHE II score, use of inotropes and RRT were significantly associated with both ICU and hospital mortality in HIV-positive patients. […] ICU outcomes for this patient population depend on the severity of the acute illness, irrespective of receipt of HAART and immune status.

• #77 HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742017001000018

  Predictors of hospital mortality were severe sepsis on admission (OR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9 – 9.1; p=0.07), receipt of RRT (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 – 3.6; p=0.056) and receipt of inotropic support (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4 – 3.2; p0.001). […] Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CD4 count, detectable HIV viral load and diagnosis at ICU admission did not predict ICU or hospital mortality. […] Respiratory illnesses remain the main indication for ICU in HIV-positive patients. […] Severity of illness as indicated by a high APACHE II score, multiple organ dysfunction requiring inotropic support and RRT, rather than receipt of HAART, CD4 count and diagnosis at ICU admission, are predictors of ICU and hospital mortality. […] The key findings of our study were: (i) that respiratory illnesses remain the major indication for ICU admission in HIV-positive patients; (ii) that there were ICU and hospital mortality rates of 25.3% and 34.7%, respectively, in a contemporary SA setting; and (iii) that factors associated with poor short-term outcomes in HIV-positive patients admitted to the ICU were the use of RRT, vasopressor support and an APACHE II score 13.

• #78 HIV-positive patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective audit

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742017001000018

  The severity of the acute event as marked by high APACHE II scores, the use of inotropes and RRT is reported to be associated with poor short-term outcomes. […] In our study, we found that a high APACHE II score, use of inotropes and RRT were significantly associated with both ICU and hospital mortality in HIV-positive patients. […] ICU outcomes for this patient population depend on the severity of the acute illness, irrespective of receipt of HAART and immune status.

• #79 Machine learning-based in-hospital mortality prediction of HIV/AIDS patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection in Guangxi, China | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010388%20

  Talaromycosis is a serious regional disease endemic in Southeast Asia. In China, Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infections is mainly concentrated in the southern region, especially in Guangxi, and cause considerable in-hospital mortality in HIV-infected individuals. […] The average in-hospital mortality rate was 13.3% (256/1927) from 2012 to 2019. […] The predictive XGBoost model exhibited 0.71 sensitivity, 0.99 specificity, and 0.97 AUC in the training dataset, and our outcome prediction model provided robust discrimination in the testing dataset, showing an AUC of 0.90 with 0.69 sensitivity and 0.96 specificity. […] The XGBoost machine learning model is a good predictor in the hospitalization outcome of HIV/AIDS patients with T. marneffei infection. The model may have potential application in mortality prediction and high-risk factor identification in the talaromycosis population.

• #80 Predicting HIV Drug Resistance among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa using Population-based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys: 2015-2019 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.24305688v1.full-text

  HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) remains a significant challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where access to effective treatment and healthcare resources varies widely. […] Understanding the interplay of these factors is crucial for designing effective interventions to mitigate the impact of HIVDR and improve treatment outcomes in the region. […] The outcome of interest was whether a person had HIVDR resistant strains or no HIVDR resistant strains. […] Significant associations were observed between ARV status, viral suppression, country of residence and HIVDR in SSA. Individuals residing in Rwanda had significantly higher odds of HIVDR (adjusted OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.22-11.0, p = 0.021) compared to other countries. Additionally, individuals with suppressed viral loads had significantly lower odds of HIVDR (adjusted OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.21-0.45, p 0.001), while those on ART exhibited higher odds of HIVDR (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.75-3.91, p 0.001).

• #81 Predicting HIV Drug Resistance among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa using Population-based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys: 2015-2019 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.24305688v1.full-text

  HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) remains a significant challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where access to effective treatment and healthcare resources varies widely. […] Understanding the interplay of these factors is crucial for designing effective interventions to mitigate the impact of HIVDR and improve treatment outcomes in the region. […] The outcome of interest was whether a person had HIVDR resistant strains or no HIVDR resistant strains. […] Significant associations were observed between ARV status, viral suppression, country of residence and HIVDR in SSA. Individuals residing in Rwanda had significantly higher odds of HIVDR (adjusted OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.22-11.0, p = 0.021) compared to other countries. Additionally, individuals with suppressed viral loads had significantly lower odds of HIVDR (adjusted OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.21-0.45, p 0.001), while those on ART exhibited higher odds of HIVDR (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.75-3.91, p 0.001).

• #82 Predicting HIV Drug Resistance among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa using Population-based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys: 2015-2019 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.24305688v1.full-text

  This study focused on how clinical and sociodemographic factors influence HIVDR patterns in SSA. […] To mitigate the effects of HIVDR and improve treatment outcomes in the region, it is critical to address barriers to treatment access and adherence and upgrade the healthcare system. […] HIV drug resistance poses a significant challenge to effective HIV treatment and prevention efforts. […] Understanding the dynamics of HIVDR, including its prevalence, determinants, and spatiotemporal characteristics, is crucial for informing targeted interventions and public health strategies. […] The study found three significant predictors of HIV drug resistance in the surveyed populations. Notably, achieving HIV viral load suppression emerged as an important factor, with individuals who achieved suppression having a lower likelihood of developing drug resistance than those who did not. […] Additionally, adherence to antiretroviral therapy emerged as a critical factor, with individuals not on ARVs having a higher risk of drug resistance than those on ARVs.

• #83 Predicting HIV Drug Resistance among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa using Population-based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys: 2015-2019 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.24305688v1.full-text

  The study highlighted the critical role of socioeconomic status (SES) in shaping patterns of HIV drug resistance across SSA. […] The association between unemployment rates and HIVDR rates underscores the intricate relationship between economic vulnerability and health outcomes, mirroring trends observed in other contexts. […] The study identified ARV status as a critical determinant of HIVDR, with individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) exhibiting varying levels of resistance compared to those not receiving treatment. […] This finding underscores the importance of treatment adherence, drug efficacy, and monitoring protocols in optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing the development of drug resistance. […] In sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of HIV/AIDS is particularly high, addressing HIV drug resistance is crucial to ensuring the long-term effectiveness of treatment programs. […] Studies specific to sub-Saharan Africa have identified several contextual factors that influence the emergence of HIV drug resistance.

• #84 Predictive Analytics for Retention in Care in an Urban HIV Clinic | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62729-x

  Consistent medical care among people living with HIV is essential for both individual and public health. HIV-positive individuals who are retained in care are more likely to be prescribed antiretroviral medication and achieve HIV viral suppression, effectively eliminating the risk of transmitting HIV to others. However, in the United States, less than half of HIV-positive individuals are retained in care. […] Retention in care is not only important for the individual health of people living with HIV, but also for public health. HIV-positive individuals who are retained in care and taking antiretroviral therapy are able to suppress the HIV viral level in their serum to undetectable levels, effectively eliminating the risk of transmitting HIV to others. […] Despite the clear benefits of retention in care for individual and public health, less than half of individuals living with HIV in the U.S. are retained in care.

• #85 Predictive Analytics for Retention in Care in an Urban HIV Clinic | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62729-x

  Consistent medical care among people living with HIV is essential for both individual and public health. HIV-positive individuals who are retained in care are more likely to be prescribed antiretroviral medication and achieve HIV viral suppression, effectively eliminating the risk of transmitting HIV to others. However, in the United States, less than half of HIV-positive individuals are retained in care. […] Retention in care is not only important for the individual health of people living with HIV, but also for public health. HIV-positive individuals who are retained in care and taking antiretroviral therapy are able to suppress the HIV viral level in their serum to undetectable levels, effectively eliminating the risk of transmitting HIV to others. […] Despite the clear benefits of retention in care for individual and public health, less than half of individuals living with HIV in the U.S. are retained in care.

• #86 Predictive Analytics for Retention in Care in an Urban HIV Clinic | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62729-x

  Therefore, methods are needed to identify and prioritize HIV-positive patients at highest risk for falling out of medical care. […] Machine learning methods are particularly well suited for early warning systems that inform interventions for patient retention because they (1) are optimized for future predictive accuracy, (2) can detect non-linear complex interactions (as opposed to traditional methods), (3) are able to rank and prioritize individuals according to risk score rather than group risk, and (4) combine multi-source data at different levels of granularity. […] The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning predictive model of retention in HIV care among individuals in an urban HIV care clinic using electronic medical record (EMR) data, geospatial data, and US Census data.

• #87 Evaluation of the interventions on HIV case management and its association with cART adherence and disclosure of the disease status among HIV-positive adults under treatment | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-17905-6

  The objective of this study was to evaluate the interventions on HIV case management based on cART adherence and disclosure of HIV disease status among HIV-positive adults under treatment. Engagement of HIV-positive persons into care and achieving treatment outcomes such as the disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence were fundamental for HIV prevention strategy. Interventions on HIV case management lead to an efficient continuum of successful treatment outcomes like disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence. Hence, HIV case management intervention and the two results had a positive association. HIV case management intervention should be given to younger patients, rural residents, and non-educated patients to disclose the disease status and to have a long life with the virus. Disclosure of the HIV status is one indicator of interventions on HIV case management and behavioral changes in adults and this further leads to being cART adherent. Hence, the disclosure of the disease status facilitates the behavioral change in avoidance of fear of other individuals during taking pills and patients focus on the prescribed time for dietary and pills rather than considering who is present with them and these can be progressive due to the intervention of those concerned bodies. Successful treatment with positive outcomes requires a combination of interventions, and antiretroviral therapy together with effective care and support systems. Previous studies indicate that individuals who got support on HIV case management have better support for social, physical, and spiritual care is an important part of HIV/AIDS clinical management and this further leads the patients to disclose their disease status and better adherence to cART treatments. The two outcomes of HIV case management intervention namely disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence are highly correlated and one complements the other. The expected odds of being disclosed the HIV status by cART non-adherent adult patients was decreased by 6% as compared to cART adherent adults, keeping the other things constant. The existence of social violence had a statistically significant effect on HIV-positive adults not disclosed their status of HIV disease for sexual partners. Hence, the expected odds of being disclosed the HIV status for sexual partners by HIV-infected individuals, where there is no social violence, was increased by 1.2% as compared to those HIV infected adults living in societies, where there is social violence, keeping the other things constant. In the current investigation, intervention in HIV case management had a significant effect on both the two response variables. Hence, comparing those patients who got special intervention/support by health staff, communities, families, and sexual partners with those who did not get such intervention, the expected odds of being disclosed by patients who did not get intervention in HIV case management was decreased by 3% as compared to those patients who got special interventions. The association between the two responses in current investigation indicates that the two responses are highly correlated to each other. Patients who decided to disclose the disease are committed to being adherent to cART without fear of anyone living with them and such people are ready to get special intervention.

• #88 Evaluation of the interventions on HIV case management and its association with cART adherence and disclosure of the disease status among HIV-positive adults under treatment | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-17905-6

  The objective of this study was to evaluate the interventions on HIV case management based on cART adherence and disclosure of HIV disease status among HIV-positive adults under treatment. Engagement of HIV-positive persons into care and achieving treatment outcomes such as the disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence were fundamental for HIV prevention strategy. Interventions on HIV case management lead to an efficient continuum of successful treatment outcomes like disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence. Hence, HIV case management intervention and the two results had a positive association. HIV case management intervention should be given to younger patients, rural residents, and non-educated patients to disclose the disease status and to have a long life with the virus. Disclosure of the HIV status is one indicator of interventions on HIV case management and behavioral changes in adults and this further leads to being cART adherent. Hence, the disclosure of the disease status facilitates the behavioral change in avoidance of fear of other individuals during taking pills and patients focus on the prescribed time for dietary and pills rather than considering who is present with them and these can be progressive due to the intervention of those concerned bodies. Successful treatment with positive outcomes requires a combination of interventions, and antiretroviral therapy together with effective care and support systems. Previous studies indicate that individuals who got support on HIV case management have better support for social, physical, and spiritual care is an important part of HIV/AIDS clinical management and this further leads the patients to disclose their disease status and better adherence to cART treatments. The two outcomes of HIV case management intervention namely disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence are highly correlated and one complements the other. The expected odds of being disclosed the HIV status by cART non-adherent adult patients was decreased by 6% as compared to cART adherent adults, keeping the other things constant. The existence of social violence had a statistically significant effect on HIV-positive adults not disclosed their status of HIV disease for sexual partners. Hence, the expected odds of being disclosed the HIV status for sexual partners by HIV-infected individuals, where there is no social violence, was increased by 1.2% as compared to those HIV infected adults living in societies, where there is social violence, keeping the other things constant. In the current investigation, intervention in HIV case management had a significant effect on both the two response variables. Hence, comparing those patients who got special intervention/support by health staff, communities, families, and sexual partners with those who did not get such intervention, the expected odds of being disclosed by patients who did not get intervention in HIV case management was decreased by 3% as compared to those patients who got special interventions. The association between the two responses in current investigation indicates that the two responses are highly correlated to each other. Patients who decided to disclose the disease are committed to being adherent to cART without fear of anyone living with them and such people are ready to get special intervention.

• #89 Evaluation of the interventions on HIV case management and its association with cART adherence and disclosure of the disease status among HIV-positive adults under treatment | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-17905-6

  The objective of this study was to evaluate the interventions on HIV case management based on cART adherence and disclosure of HIV disease status among HIV-positive adults under treatment. Engagement of HIV-positive persons into care and achieving treatment outcomes such as the disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence were fundamental for HIV prevention strategy. Interventions on HIV case management lead to an efficient continuum of successful treatment outcomes like disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence. Hence, HIV case management intervention and the two results had a positive association. HIV case management intervention should be given to younger patients, rural residents, and non-educated patients to disclose the disease status and to have a long life with the virus. Disclosure of the HIV status is one indicator of interventions on HIV case management and behavioral changes in adults and this further leads to being cART adherent. Hence, the disclosure of the disease status facilitates the behavioral change in avoidance of fear of other individuals during taking pills and patients focus on the prescribed time for dietary and pills rather than considering who is present with them and these can be progressive due to the intervention of those concerned bodies. Successful treatment with positive outcomes requires a combination of interventions, and antiretroviral therapy together with effective care and support systems. Previous studies indicate that individuals who got support on HIV case management have better support for social, physical, and spiritual care is an important part of HIV/AIDS clinical management and this further leads the patients to disclose their disease status and better adherence to cART treatments. The two outcomes of HIV case management intervention namely disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence are highly correlated and one complements the other. The expected odds of being disclosed the HIV status by cART non-adherent adult patients was decreased by 6% as compared to cART adherent adults, keeping the other things constant. The existence of social violence had a statistically significant effect on HIV-positive adults not disclosed their status of HIV disease for sexual partners. Hence, the expected odds of being disclosed the HIV status for sexual partners by HIV-infected individuals, where there is no social violence, was increased by 1.2% as compared to those HIV infected adults living in societies, where there is social violence, keeping the other things constant. In the current investigation, intervention in HIV case management had a significant effect on both the two response variables. Hence, comparing those patients who got special intervention/support by health staff, communities, families, and sexual partners with those who did not get such intervention, the expected odds of being disclosed by patients who did not get intervention in HIV case management was decreased by 3% as compared to those patients who got special interventions. The association between the two responses in current investigation indicates that the two responses are highly correlated to each other. Patients who decided to disclose the disease are committed to being adherent to cART without fear of anyone living with them and such people are ready to get special intervention.

• #90 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is taking ART has increased substantially over the past 25 years, now predicted to be similar to the average life expectancy of someone living without HIV. […] Studies have shown that for people living with HIV, the average life expectancy is very similar. […] One study of people found that people with a high CD4 count (above 500) who started taking ART after 2015, had a life expectancy similar to the general population77 years of age for men and 79 for women. […] In 1996, the average life expectancy of someone 20 years old whod been diagnosed with HIV was just 39. […] The life expectancy of someone living with HIV who is not receiving any treatment is lower than that of someone on treatment. […] Without treatment, an HIV infection can progress into more severe stages.

• #91 Life expectancy for people living with HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/life-expectancy-people-living-hiv

  With the right treatment and care, people with HIV can live a normal lifespan. […] People who have a good response to HIV treatment have excellent long-term prospects. […] Studies show that a person living with HIV has a similar life expectancy to an HIV-negative person providing they are diagnosed in good time, have good access to medical care, and are able to adhere to their HIV treatment. […] A number of factors can affect the life expectancy of people living with HIV. […] Having a high CD4 count and undetectable viral load. People with a high CD4 count and undetectable viral load have much higher life expectancies than those with low CD4 counts and high viral loads. […] The key finding was that for people on treatment and with high CD4 cell counts, life expectancy was only a few years lower than the general population, regardless of when they had started treatment.

• #92 Development and external validation of a prognostic model for survival of people living with HIV/AIDS initiating antiretroviral therapy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8427312/

  Our prognostic model has several practical applications. Healthcare providers can use our model in a freely available online tool to calculate estimates of survival for individual PLWHA, either at ART initiation or during follow-up. This could help healthcare providers identify patients at high risk of death in a timely and straight-forward manner, and determine the intensity of care and adopt personalized care. […] In conclusion, we have developed and externally validated a model consisting of 10 clinical and biochemical variables for accurate prediction of long-term survival probabilities of PLWHA on ART. The prediction model has the potential to facilitate tailored HIV disease management, which might help improve the life expectancy and quality of life of PLWHA patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and precision medicine.

• #93 Predictive Analytics for Retention in Care in an Urban HIV Clinic | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62729-x

  This study demonstrates the potential of machine learning models to identify individual patients at the highest risk for falling out of HIV care, allowing busy HIV care clinics to direct limited resources toward patients who need them the most. […] Our machine learning model was compared to logistic regression model and shown to have superior performance, be more adaptive, and have less disparate impact on minorities. Such a model will allow more precise prioritization of retention resources to patients likely to benefit most.

• #94 Predicting HIV Drug Resistance among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa using Population-based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys: 2015-2019 | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.24305688v1.full-text

  This study focused on how clinical and sociodemographic factors influence HIVDR patterns in SSA. […] To mitigate the effects of HIVDR and improve treatment outcomes in the region, it is critical to address barriers to treatment access and adherence and upgrade the healthcare system. […] HIV drug resistance poses a significant challenge to effective HIV treatment and prevention efforts. […] Understanding the dynamics of HIVDR, including its prevalence, determinants, and spatiotemporal characteristics, is crucial for informing targeted interventions and public health strategies. […] The study found three significant predictors of HIV drug resistance in the surveyed populations. Notably, achieving HIV viral load suppression emerged as an important factor, with individuals who achieved suppression having a lower likelihood of developing drug resistance than those who did not. […] Additionally, adherence to antiretroviral therapy emerged as a critical factor, with individuals not on ARVs having a higher risk of drug resistance than those on ARVs.

• #95 Life expectancy of someone living with HIV | ViiV Healthcare

  https://viivhealthcare.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/life-expectancy/

  Life expectancy for people living with HIV varies based on socioeconomic factors like income, education, and location. […] Those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds often face barriers such as: Delays in treatment: socioeconomic challenges often lead to late HIV diagnosis and delayed ART initiation, increasing the risk of complications and reducing life expectancy. […] Financial struggles and unstable living conditions can make it difficult to stick to a daily ART regimen, leading to treatment failure and lower life expectancy. […] Access to proper nutrition is vital for effective HIV treatment. […] Where you live plays a significant role in HIV outcomes.

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