Materiały źródłowe

• #1 HIV surveillance

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/strategic-information/hiv-surveillance

  Understanding trends in HIV data is a cornerstone of the public health response to HIV. HIV surveillance brings together information from a range of sources to: estimate how many people are living with HIV; understand who is being infected and why; and assess the impact of HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services across different population groups. […] This ongoing collection, analysis and dissemination of HIV data provides evidence for decision-making. It also tracks national and global progress towards the United Nations target to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. […] WHO provides support to Member States by characterizing the current epidemiology of HIV, reviewing surveillance approaches and methods, and producing strategic information guidelines. […] Programmatic data routinely collected at service delivery sites can play an important role in the measuring and monitoring of HIV incidence and prevalence,

• #2 HIV/STI Surveillance and Monitoring – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/hivsti-surveillance-and-monitoring

  Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. […] HIV surveillance, monitoring and evaluation are essential for program managers to assess the impact and effectiveness of interventions and linkages between services along the cascade of prevention, treatment and care for HIV and associated conditions. […] It is essential to monitor outcomes including mortality, survival, incidence, toxicity and adverse effects, drug resistance, and suppression of viral load. […] PAHO is working with countries to improve strategic information regarding services for key populations and HIV surveillance, supporting countries to calculate the HIV cascade of care and HIV prevention cascade. […] The purpose is to allow public health priorities to be set, and to inform public policy and strategies.

• #3 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  The global pandemic of HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) began in 1981, and is an ongoing worldwide public health issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2023, HIV/AIDS had killed approximately 40.4 million people, and approximately 39 million people were infected with HIV globally. Of these, 29.8 million people (75%) are receiving antiretroviral treatment. There were about 630,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS in 2022. The 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that the global incidence of HIV infection peaked in 1997 at 3.3 million per year. Global incidence fell rapidly from 1997 to 2005, to about 2.6 million per year. Incidence of HIV has continued to fall, decreasing by 23% from 2010 to 2020, with progress dominated by decreases in Eastern Africa and Southern Africa. As of 2023, there are about 1.3 million new infections of HIV per year globally.

• #4 Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet | UNAIDS

  https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet

  39.9 million [36.1 million44.6 million] people globally were living with HIV in 2023. […] 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people became newly infected with HIV in 2023. […] 630 000 [500 000820 000] people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2023. […] 30.7 million people [2731.9 million] were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2023. […] 88.4 million [71.3 million112.8 million] people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic. […] 42.3 million [35.7 million51.1 million] people have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic. […] In 2023, 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people were newly infected with HIV, compared to 3.3 million [2.6 million4.2 million] people in 1995. […] AIDS-related deaths have been reduced by 69% since the peak in 2004 and by 51% since 2010.

• #5 Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet | UNAIDS

  https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet

  39.9 million [36.1 million44.6 million] people globally were living with HIV in 2023. […] 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people became newly infected with HIV in 2023. […] 630 000 [500 000820 000] people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2023. […] 30.7 million people [2731.9 million] were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2023. […] 88.4 million [71.3 million112.8 million] people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic. […] 42.3 million [35.7 million51.1 million] people have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic. […] In 2023, 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people were newly infected with HIV, compared to 3.3 million [2.6 million4.2 million] people in 1995. […] AIDS-related deaths have been reduced by 69% since the peak in 2004 and by 51% since 2010.

• #6 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  The global pandemic of HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) began in 1981, and is an ongoing worldwide public health issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2023, HIV/AIDS had killed approximately 40.4 million people, and approximately 39 million people were infected with HIV globally. Of these, 29.8 million people (75%) are receiving antiretroviral treatment. There were about 630,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS in 2022. The 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that the global incidence of HIV infection peaked in 1997 at 3.3 million per year. Global incidence fell rapidly from 1997 to 2005, to about 2.6 million per year. Incidence of HIV has continued to fall, decreasing by 23% from 2010 to 2020, with progress dominated by decreases in Eastern Africa and Southern Africa. As of 2023, there are about 1.3 million new infections of HIV per year globally.

• #7 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  In some countries, HIV disproportionately affects certain key populations (sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people) and their sexual partners. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 63% of new infections are women, with young women (aged 15 to 24 years) twice as likely as men of the same age to be living with HIV. In Western Europe and North America, men who have sex with men account for almost two thirds of new HIV infections. […] According to the WHO, the prevalence of HIV in the Africa Region was estimated at 1.1 million people as of 2018. The African Region accounts for two thirds of the incidence of HIV around the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV. As of 2020, more than two thirds of those living with HIV are living in Africa. HIV rates have been decreasing in the region: From 2010 to 2020, new infections in eastern and southern Africa fell by 38%. Still, South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world, at 8.45 million, 13.9% of the population as of 2022.

• #8 HIV / AIDS – Our World in Data

  https://ourworldindata.org/hiv-aids

  HIV/AIDS is one of the world’s most fatal infectious diseases particularly across Sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease has had a massive impact on health outcomes and life expectancy in recent decades. […] Almost 1 million people die from HIV/AIDS each year; in some countries, it’s the leading cause of death. […] In some countries, HIV/AIDS is the cause of a quarter of all deaths. […] Death rates are high across Sub-Saharan Africa. […] Death rates are highest for younger adults and children under five years old. […] Global deaths from HIV/AIDS halved within a decade. […] HIV/AIDS once accounted for a large share of deaths in some countries, but rates are now falling. […] HIV/AIDS has had a significant impact on life expectancy across Sub-Saharan Africa. […] The health and mortality burden of HIV/AIDS across Sub-Saharan Africa has been considerable. We see this impact on health reflected in trends in life expectancy.

• #9 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  In some countries, HIV disproportionately affects certain key populations (sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people) and their sexual partners. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 63% of new infections are women, with young women (aged 15 to 24 years) twice as likely as men of the same age to be living with HIV. In Western Europe and North America, men who have sex with men account for almost two thirds of new HIV infections. […] According to the WHO, the prevalence of HIV in the Africa Region was estimated at 1.1 million people as of 2018. The African Region accounts for two thirds of the incidence of HIV around the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV. As of 2020, more than two thirds of those living with HIV are living in Africa. HIV rates have been decreasing in the region: From 2010 to 2020, new infections in eastern and southern Africa fell by 38%. Still, South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world, at 8.45 million, 13.9% of the population as of 2022.

• #10 U.S. Statistics

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics

  Approximately 1.2 million people in the U.S. have HIV. About 13 percent of them don’t know it and need testing. […] In 2022, an estimated 31,800 people acquired HIV in the U.S. […] Estimated new HIV infections decreased 12% from 36,300 in 2018 to 31,800 in 2022. […] In 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] HIV diagnoses are not evenly distributed across states and regions. The highest rates of new diagnoses continue to occur in the South. […] According to the latest estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 31,800 people acquired HIV in the United States in 2022. […] CDC estimates show new HIV infections decreased 12% from 2018 (36,200) to 2022 (31,800).

• #11 Core Concepts – Epidemiology of HIV – Screening and Diagnosis – National HIV Curriculum

  https://www.hiv.uw.edu/go/screening-diagnosis/epidemiology/core-concept/all

  The estimated prevalence for the total number of persons with HIV in the United States takes into account the number with diagnosed HIV and the estimated number of persons living with undiagnosed HIV. For year-end 2021, the CDC estimated that approximately 1.2 million people 13 years of age and older were living with HIV in the United States; the exact estimate of 1,212,400 included 1,058,900 persons with diagnosed HIV and 153,500 with undiagnosed HIV. The HIV prevalence in the United States has increased yearly from 2017 to 2021 by about 20,000 people per year; this increase has resulted from the number of persons newly acquiring HIV outpacing the number of deaths of persons with HIV. The 2021 HIV prevalence rate for persons 13 years of age and older in the United States was 432.7 per 100,000 persons, meaning an estimated 0.4% of the United States population aged 13 years and older are persons with HIV.

• #12 U.S. Statistics

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics

  Approximately 1.2 million people in the U.S. have HIV. About 13 percent of them don’t know it and need testing. […] In 2022, an estimated 31,800 people acquired HIV in the U.S. […] Estimated new HIV infections decreased 12% from 36,300 in 2018 to 31,800 in 2022. […] In 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] HIV diagnoses are not evenly distributed across states and regions. The highest rates of new diagnoses continue to occur in the South. […] According to the latest estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 31,800 people acquired HIV in the United States in 2022. […] CDC estimates show new HIV infections decreased 12% from 2018 (36,200) to 2022 (31,800).

• #13 U.S. Statistics

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics

  In 2022, there were 31,800 estimated new HIV infections in the U.S. and the rate was 11.3 (per 100,000 people). […] MSM accounted for 67% (21,400) of the 31,800 estimated new HIV infections in 2022 and 87% of estimated infections among all males. […] In 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] By race/ethnicity, according to CDC, in 2022, Black/African American persons made up approximately 12% of the population of the United States but accounted for 37% (11,900) of the estimated 31,800 new HIV infections. […] According to the latest CDC data, in 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] Black/African American people accounted for 38% (14,553) of the 37,981 new HIV diagnoses among persons aged 13 and older, but accounted for approximately 12% of the U.S. population. […] In 2022, Hispanic/Latino people accounted for 32% of new HIV diagnoses (12,167).

• #14 Core Concepts – Epidemiology of HIV – Screening and Diagnosis – National HIV Curriculum

  https://www.hiv.uw.edu/go/screening-diagnosis/epidemiology/core-concept/all

  The number of new HIV infections in the United States in 2021 among persons 13 years of age and older in 2021 was by far the highest in the South, accounting for an estimated 52% of new HIV infections. Also, the highest incidence rate (new HIV infections per 100,000 population) was highest in the South.

• #15 HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe 2024 – 2023 data

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hiv-aids-surveillance-europe-2024-2023-data

  HIV infection continues to affect the health and well-being of nearly 2.6 million people in the WHO European Region, particularly in the eastern part of the Region. This report is the latest in a series published jointly by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the WHO Regional Office for Europe that has been reporting data on HIV and AIDS in the WHO European Region and in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) since 2007. It finds that while epidemic patterns and trends vary widely across European countries, nearly 113 000 people were diagnosed with HIV in the European Region in 2023, including around 25 000 in the EU/EEA. […] This report presents HIV/AIDS surveillance data for 2023, which show significant variation in epidemic patterns and trends across the WHO European Region. In 2023, 112 883 HIV diagnoses were reported in 47 of the 53 countries in the Region, including 24 731 from the countries of the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). This corresponds to a crude rate of 12.7 HIV diagnoses per 100 000 population in the Region overall, a slight (2.4%) increase compared with the 2022 rate (12.4 per 100 000 population) but still a 19.6% decrease compared to the 2019 rate (15.8 per 100 000 population): the period before the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In all, 21 out of 47 countries reported an increase in HIV diagnoses in 2023 compared to 2022. Several countries, including Azerbaijan, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Malta and Montenegro, recorded the highest number of HIV diagnoses in a single year over the past decade.

• #16 HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe 2024 – 2023 data

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hiv-aids-surveillance-europe-2024-2023-data

  For the EU/EEA countries, the rate in 2023 was 5.3 per 100 000, marking a 15.9% decrease from the 6.3 per 100 000 rate observed in 2014. However, focusing only on newly reported cases and excluding previous positive diagnoses, the rate increased by 11.8% between 2022 and 2023 (from 3.4 to 3.8 per 100 000 population). […] When comparing the number of HIV diagnoses made to the estimated number of new HIV infections acquired over the past decade, it is evident that an increasingly larger number of individuals are acquiring HIV infection than are being diagnosed. This indicates a growing number of people living with undiagnosed HIV in the Region. In the EU/EEA, the trend differs from that of the wider Region with slightly more diagnoses reported than estimated new infections. […] The increase in HIV diagnoses in 2023 can be attributed to various factors across different subregions. In the east of the WHO European Region, countries reported a rebound in HIV testing and case detection since the COVID-19 pandemic subsided, focusing on increasing case detection and introducing new testing policies to close the gap on undiagnosed individuals. In the EU/EEA and the west of the Region, the increase may be a result of increased diagnoses among migrants, particularly from high-prevalence countries, and expanded HIV testing services. In contrast, the number of HIV diagnoses in the centre of the Region decreased in 2023 compared to 2022, mainly due to a reduction in previous positive diagnoses. However, six out of 15 countries in the centre still reported an increase in 2023 compared to 2022.

• #17 HIV surveillance

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/strategic-information/hiv-surveillance

  Understanding trends in HIV data is a cornerstone of the public health response to HIV. HIV surveillance brings together information from a range of sources to: estimate how many people are living with HIV; understand who is being infected and why; and assess the impact of HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services across different population groups. […] This ongoing collection, analysis and dissemination of HIV data provides evidence for decision-making. It also tracks national and global progress towards the United Nations target to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. […] WHO provides support to Member States by characterizing the current epidemiology of HIV, reviewing surveillance approaches and methods, and producing strategic information guidelines. […] Programmatic data routinely collected at service delivery sites can play an important role in the measuring and monitoring of HIV incidence and prevalence,

• #18 HIV surveillance

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/strategic-information/hiv-surveillance/1000

  Understanding trends in HIV data is a cornerstone of the public health response to HIV. HIV surveillance brings together information from a range of sources to: estimate how many people are living with HIV; understand who is being infected and why; and assess the impact of HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services across different population groups. […] This ongoing collection, analysis and dissemination of HIV data provides evidence for decision-making. It also tracks national and global progress towards the United Nations target to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. […] WHO provides support to Member States by characterizing the current epidemiology of HIV, reviewing surveillance approaches and methods, and producing strategic information guidelines. […] The WHO HIV Case Surveillance Tracker software package is designed to follow people living with HIV through their treatment and is based upon WHO standards and policy guidance. The package is based on the free and open-source District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) software platform and designed in collaboration with the WHO Global Programmes on HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections.

• #19 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) | HIV Data | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/index.html

  The National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) is the primary source of HIV data for monitoring cases of HIV infection in the United States and 6 U.S. territories and freely associated states (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Republic of Palau, U.S. Virgin Islands). […] Surveillance programs of local, territorial, and state health departments gather information on demographic characteristics (sex assigned at birth, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and place of diagnosis), transmission category (mode of exposure), and all test results indicative of HIV infection and for monitoring stage of disease (viral load and CD4 count and percent). […] Data are used to monitor the distribution and transmission of HIV, plan and evaluate prevention and care programs, allocate resources, inform policy development, and identify and respond to rapid transmission of HIV. […] For the most up-to-date technical notes for HIV surveillance and monitoring, see the Technical Notes in the NCHHSTP Atlas Plus. […] Learn about HIV data systems, various HIV data trends in the United States, as well as how data is used to analyze and prevent further HIV transmission.

• #20 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) | HIV Data | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/index.html

  The National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) is the primary source of HIV data for monitoring cases of HIV infection in the United States and 6 U.S. territories and freely associated states (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Republic of Palau, U.S. Virgin Islands). […] Surveillance programs of local, territorial, and state health departments gather information on demographic characteristics (sex assigned at birth, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and place of diagnosis), transmission category (mode of exposure), and all test results indicative of HIV infection and for monitoring stage of disease (viral load and CD4 count and percent). […] Data are used to monitor the distribution and transmission of HIV, plan and evaluate prevention and care programs, allocate resources, inform policy development, and identify and respond to rapid transmission of HIV. […] For the most up-to-date technical notes for HIV surveillance and monitoring, see the Technical Notes in the NCHHSTP Atlas Plus. […] Learn about HIV data systems, various HIV data trends in the United States, as well as how data is used to analyze and prevent further HIV transmission.

• #21 HIV Epidemiology Unit | Georgia Department of Public Health

  https://dph.georgia.gov/epidemiology/georgias-hivaids-epidemiology-section

  The HIV Epidemiology Section at the Georgia Department of Public Health, is responsible for managing the state HIV surveillance system and conducting HIV surveillance, and other HIV-related epidemiologic activities that provide more in depth information on those disproportionately affected by HIV. […] The data collected are used to describe and monitor the epidemic in Georgia, to guide data-driven planning and resource allocation, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of prevention programs and care treatment services. […] The HIV Epidemiology Section is authorized under Georgia Surveillance Law (O.C.G.A. 31-12-2) to conduct notifiable disease surveillance of HIV. […] Public health surveillance activities are not subject to HIPAA restrictions. […] Georgia has a dual reporting system that legally requires HIV reporting by both health care providers and laboratories.

• #22 HIV Surveillance

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/hiv-aids/hiv-surveillance.html

  Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event. HIV surveillance collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about new and existing cases of HIV infection (regardless of stage of disease and including AIDS). The ultimate goal of the Illinois HIV Surveillance Program is to provide a comprehensive picture of the HIV epidemic in order to support prevention and health service activities delivered by the Department of Public Health and a statewide system of healthcare and social service organizations. […] State regulations identify HIV and AIDS as reportable diseases and mandate that healthcare professionals licensed by the Department report HIV and AIDS cases. Effective January 1, 2006, cases of HIV infection must be reported by name to the HIV Surveillance Program at the Illinois Department of Public Health. AIDS cases have been reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) this way since 1981. Every healthcare professional must report each case in which the healthcare professional has diagnosed or treated a case of AIDS or HIV infection.

• #23 HIV Surveillance

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/hiv-aids/hiv-surveillance.html

  Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event. HIV surveillance collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about new and existing cases of HIV infection (regardless of stage of disease and including AIDS). The ultimate goal of the Illinois HIV Surveillance Program is to provide a comprehensive picture of the HIV epidemic in order to support prevention and health service activities delivered by the Department of Public Health and a statewide system of healthcare and social service organizations. […] State regulations identify HIV and AIDS as reportable diseases and mandate that healthcare professionals licensed by the Department report HIV and AIDS cases. Effective January 1, 2006, cases of HIV infection must be reported by name to the HIV Surveillance Program at the Illinois Department of Public Health. AIDS cases have been reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) this way since 1981. Every healthcare professional must report each case in which the healthcare professional has diagnosed or treated a case of AIDS or HIV infection.

• #24 HIV Surveillance & Epidemiology

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/haep/

  The New Mexico HIV Surveillance and Epidemiology Program (HIVSEP) conducts HIV/AIDS case surveillance and supplemental surveys for the New Mexico Department of Healths Epidemiology and Response Division. […] All HIV or AIDS cases diagnosed or treated in New Mexico must be reported to the HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Program using the HIV/AIDS Confidential Case Reporting Form. […] All information gathered by the program is used for surveillance purposes only and remains strictly confidential. […] Final Report: HIV/AIDS End-of-Year Annual Surveillance Report – 2019 […] Final Report: HIV/AIDS End-of-Year Annual Surveillance Report – 2018 […] Interim Report: HIV/AIDS Mid-Year Surveillance Report – 2019 […] Interim Report: HIV/AIDS Mid-Year Surveillance Report – 2020.

• #25 Public Health and HIV/AIDS Surveillance – Measuring What Matters – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216140/

  This chapter reviews public health surveillance, and HIV and AIDS case reporting, to provide context for the use of such information in Ryan White CARE Act (RWCA) funding formulas. […] Surveillance is a more comprehensive term for data collection that can include case reporting, as well as other methods, such as population-based surveys, seroprevalence surveys, and behavioral risk factor surveillance. […] This chapter focuses its discussion of HIV/AIDS surveillance on HIV/AIDS case reporting, because it is the predominant method of surveillance used by states to collect information about HIV infection and because it is the most relevant to the RWCA formulas. […] Public health surveillance has been defined as the ongoing, systematic collection of public health data, with analysis and dissemination of results and interpretation of these data to those who contributed to them and all who need to know.

• #26 Public Health and HIV/AIDS Surveillance – Measuring What Matters – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216140/

  This chapter reviews public health surveillance, and HIV and AIDS case reporting, to provide context for the use of such information in Ryan White CARE Act (RWCA) funding formulas. […] Surveillance is a more comprehensive term for data collection that can include case reporting, as well as other methods, such as population-based surveys, seroprevalence surveys, and behavioral risk factor surveillance. […] This chapter focuses its discussion of HIV/AIDS surveillance on HIV/AIDS case reporting, because it is the predominant method of surveillance used by states to collect information about HIV infection and because it is the most relevant to the RWCA formulas. […] Public health surveillance has been defined as the ongoing, systematic collection of public health data, with analysis and dissemination of results and interpretation of these data to those who contributed to them and all who need to know.

• #27 HIV Statistics and Research | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/data-and-statistical-reports/diseases-and-chronic-conditions/hiv-data

  The Washington State Department of Health works closely with local health jurisdictions to obtain demographic, behavioral, laboratory, clinical, as well as other service and referral information. This information is used to characterize PLWDH, including health and well-being, identify risk factors, calculate HIV diagnosis rates, monitor state and local HIV trends, and develop HIV-related estimates. […] Molecular HIV Surveillance (MHS) is an expanded surveillance activity funded by the CDC in 27 areas across the country, including Washington. […] HIV Incidence Surveillance (HIS) is an expanded HIV surveillance activity funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 25 areas across the country, including Washington. […] The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a supplemental surveillance activity funded by the CDC in 23 areas across the country, including Washington. […] HIV Assessment staff work with local health departments, health care providers, and laboratories to collect HIV case report information. This information is currently presented in annual surveillance reports.

• #28 HIV Epidemiology Unit | Georgia Department of Public Health

  https://dph.georgia.gov/epidemiology/georgias-hivaids-epidemiology-section

  All health care providers diagnosing and/or providing care to a patient with HIV have the obligation to report them. […] The main activities conducted by the HIV Epidemiology Section are: Case Surveillance involves ongoing collection of demographic information, HIV care-related tests, and ascertainment of vital status through matches with vital registry data. […] The HIV Care Continuum is a method of estimating the proportion of persons living with HIV in a given area who are actively receiving HIV care and who are virally suppressed based on viral load tests and CD4 counts reported by laboratories. […] The Georgia HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) is a surveillance system designed to learn more about populations disproportionately affected by HIV.

• #29 HIV/AIDS Statistics – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/hiv/stats/index.html

  HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2023 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2022 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2021 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2020 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2019 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2018 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2017 […] Outbreak data, response information, resources, and statewide case counts of HIV in Minnesota by county. […] As part of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States, MDH has calculated an HIV care continuum using HIV surveillance data. These calculations help us better understand the HIV epidemic and the disparities that exist in the delivery of care among people living with HIV in Minnesota. […] State health departments are now required to collect HIV genetic sequences, analyze them to identify transmission clusters, and respond to prevent new infections. Molecular data involves using genetic sequences of HIV viruses to identify communities where HIV is spreading more quickly. […] Presentation summarizing surveillance data on mother-to-child HIV transmission in Minnesota. […] Provides an annual review of communicable disease occurrence in Minnesota, including STDs, HIV, and AIDS. […] CDC’s National STD Surveillance System data.

• #30 Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet | UNAIDS

  https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet

  In 2023, around 630 000 [500 000820 000] people died from AIDS-related illnesses worldwide, compared to 2.1 million [1.6 million2.7 million] people in 2004 and 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people in 2010. […] The target for 2025 is fewer than 250 000. […] In 2023, 86% [6998%] of all people living with HIV knew their HIV status. […] Among all people living with HIV, 86% [6998%] knew their status, 77% [6189%] were accessing treatment and 72% [6580%] were virally suppressed in 2023.

• #31 Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet | UNAIDS

  https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet

  In 2023, around 630 000 [500 000820 000] people died from AIDS-related illnesses worldwide, compared to 2.1 million [1.6 million2.7 million] people in 2004 and 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people in 2010. […] The target for 2025 is fewer than 250 000. […] In 2023, 86% [6998%] of all people living with HIV knew their HIV status. […] Among all people living with HIV, 86% [6998%] knew their status, 77% [6189%] were accessing treatment and 72% [6580%] were virally suppressed in 2023.

• #32 HIV-AIDS Frequently Asked Question – Arkansas Department of Health

  https://healthy.arkansas.gov/programs-services/diseases-conditions/infectious-disease/hiv-aids-frequently-asked-question/

  HIV-AIDS-STI Surveillance […] HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). […] HIV is spread by sexual contact, needle sharing, or rarely, through transfused blood or its components. […] HIV infection is preventable and there is a test to determine if someone is infected. […] Presently there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but people can live for many years with HIV. […] Currently, a combination of therapies to combat the virus and restore the immune system has been the most effective treatment.

• #33 HIV-AIDS Frequently Asked Question – Arkansas Department of Health

  https://healthy.arkansas.gov/programs-services/diseases-conditions/infectious-disease/hiv-aids-frequently-asked-question/

  HIV-AIDS-STI Surveillance […] HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). […] HIV is spread by sexual contact, needle sharing, or rarely, through transfused blood or its components. […] HIV infection is preventable and there is a test to determine if someone is infected. […] Presently there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but people can live for many years with HIV. […] Currently, a combination of therapies to combat the virus and restore the immune system has been the most effective treatment.

• #34 HIV / AIDS – Our World in Data

  https://ourworldindata.org/hiv-aids

  Given that most AIDS cases in children are due to the virus transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, stopping mother-to-child transmission is critical to preventing children from getting infected with HIV. […] The majority of HIV infections are transmitted through sexual activity. […] The charts here show the number of TB patients who tested positive for HIV, the number receiving antiretroviral therapy, and the number of TB-related deaths among those living with HIV.

• #35 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  In some countries, HIV disproportionately affects certain key populations (sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people) and their sexual partners. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 63% of new infections are women, with young women (aged 15 to 24 years) twice as likely as men of the same age to be living with HIV. In Western Europe and North America, men who have sex with men account for almost two thirds of new HIV infections. […] According to the WHO, the prevalence of HIV in the Africa Region was estimated at 1.1 million people as of 2018. The African Region accounts for two thirds of the incidence of HIV around the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV. As of 2020, more than two thirds of those living with HIV are living in Africa. HIV rates have been decreasing in the region: From 2010 to 2020, new infections in eastern and southern Africa fell by 38%. Still, South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world, at 8.45 million, 13.9% of the population as of 2022.

• #36 U.S. Statistics

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics

  In 2022, there were 31,800 estimated new HIV infections in the U.S. and the rate was 11.3 (per 100,000 people). […] MSM accounted for 67% (21,400) of the 31,800 estimated new HIV infections in 2022 and 87% of estimated infections among all males. […] In 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] By race/ethnicity, according to CDC, in 2022, Black/African American persons made up approximately 12% of the population of the United States but accounted for 37% (11,900) of the estimated 31,800 new HIV infections. […] According to the latest CDC data, in 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] Black/African American people accounted for 38% (14,553) of the 37,981 new HIV diagnoses among persons aged 13 and older, but accounted for approximately 12% of the U.S. population. […] In 2022, Hispanic/Latino people accounted for 32% of new HIV diagnoses (12,167).

• #37 HIV in Canada, Surveillance Report to December 31, 2022 – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/hiv-canada-surveillance-report-december-31-2022.html

  The highest HIV diagnosis rate across provinces and territories was in Saskatchewan, with 19.0 per 100,000 population. The lowest diagnosis rate was in the Territories region with 1.5 per 100,000 population. […] In contrast to previous years, in 2022 the largest proportion of adult HIV diagnoses was attributed to heterosexual contact (39.2%). […] Injection drug use also remains a significant factor among cases in both males and females, accounting for 20.5% of all first-time diagnoses in 2022. […] Race-based data provides a key element in recognizing and understanding disparities in access to HIV care stemming from historic and ongoing colonialism, racism, and systemic and structural inequities in Canada. […] In 2022, there were 84 cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) reported, a continued decrease since 2013. […] In 2022, there were 129 deaths attributed to HIV. This represents a decrease compared with the 133 deaths attributed to HIV in 2021, however these deaths are still likely underreported.

• #38 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  In some countries, HIV disproportionately affects certain key populations (sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people) and their sexual partners. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 63% of new infections are women, with young women (aged 15 to 24 years) twice as likely as men of the same age to be living with HIV. In Western Europe and North America, men who have sex with men account for almost two thirds of new HIV infections. […] According to the WHO, the prevalence of HIV in the Africa Region was estimated at 1.1 million people as of 2018. The African Region accounts for two thirds of the incidence of HIV around the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV. As of 2020, more than two thirds of those living with HIV are living in Africa. HIV rates have been decreasing in the region: From 2010 to 2020, new infections in eastern and southern Africa fell by 38%. Still, South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world, at 8.45 million, 13.9% of the population as of 2022.

• #39 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  In some countries, HIV disproportionately affects certain key populations (sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people) and their sexual partners. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 63% of new infections are women, with young women (aged 15 to 24 years) twice as likely as men of the same age to be living with HIV. In Western Europe and North America, men who have sex with men account for almost two thirds of new HIV infections. […] According to the WHO, the prevalence of HIV in the Africa Region was estimated at 1.1 million people as of 2018. The African Region accounts for two thirds of the incidence of HIV around the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV. As of 2020, more than two thirds of those living with HIV are living in Africa. HIV rates have been decreasing in the region: From 2010 to 2020, new infections in eastern and southern Africa fell by 38%. Still, South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world, at 8.45 million, 13.9% of the population as of 2022.

• #40 Epidemiology of HIV Infection in the United States: Implications for Linkage to Care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3106255/

  The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States has changed significantly over the past 30 years. HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is currently a disease of greater demographic diversity, affecting all ages, sexes, and races, and involving multiple transmission risk behaviors. At least 50,000 new HIV infections will continue to be added each year; however, one-fifth of persons with new infections may not know they are infected, and a substantial proportion of those who know they are infected are not engaged in HIV care. […] In this paper, the current epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in the United States is reviewed in order to understand the challenges, successes, and best practices for removing the barriers to effective diagnosis and receipt of HIV care within specific demographic groups.

• #41 Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet | UNAIDS

  https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet

  39.9 million [36.1 million44.6 million] people globally were living with HIV in 2023. […] 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people became newly infected with HIV in 2023. […] 630 000 [500 000820 000] people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2023. […] 30.7 million people [2731.9 million] were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2023. […] 88.4 million [71.3 million112.8 million] people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic. […] 42.3 million [35.7 million51.1 million] people have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic. […] In 2023, 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people were newly infected with HIV, compared to 3.3 million [2.6 million4.2 million] people in 1995. […] AIDS-related deaths have been reduced by 69% since the peak in 2004 and by 51% since 2010.

• #42 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  The global pandemic of HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) began in 1981, and is an ongoing worldwide public health issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2023, HIV/AIDS had killed approximately 40.4 million people, and approximately 39 million people were infected with HIV globally. Of these, 29.8 million people (75%) are receiving antiretroviral treatment. There were about 630,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS in 2022. The 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that the global incidence of HIV infection peaked in 1997 at 3.3 million per year. Global incidence fell rapidly from 1997 to 2005, to about 2.6 million per year. Incidence of HIV has continued to fall, decreasing by 23% from 2010 to 2020, with progress dominated by decreases in Eastern Africa and Southern Africa. As of 2023, there are about 1.3 million new infections of HIV per year globally.

• #43 Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet | UNAIDS

  https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet

  39.9 million [36.1 million44.6 million] people globally were living with HIV in 2023. […] 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people became newly infected with HIV in 2023. […] 630 000 [500 000820 000] people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2023. […] 30.7 million people [2731.9 million] were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2023. […] 88.4 million [71.3 million112.8 million] people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic. […] 42.3 million [35.7 million51.1 million] people have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic. […] In 2023, 1.3 million [1 million1.7 million] people were newly infected with HIV, compared to 3.3 million [2.6 million4.2 million] people in 1995. […] AIDS-related deaths have been reduced by 69% since the peak in 2004 and by 51% since 2010.

• #44 U.S. Statistics

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics

  Approximately 1.2 million people in the U.S. have HIV. About 13 percent of them don’t know it and need testing. […] In 2022, an estimated 31,800 people acquired HIV in the U.S. […] Estimated new HIV infections decreased 12% from 36,300 in 2018 to 31,800 in 2022. […] In 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] HIV diagnoses are not evenly distributed across states and regions. The highest rates of new diagnoses continue to occur in the South. […] According to the latest estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 31,800 people acquired HIV in the United States in 2022. […] CDC estimates show new HIV infections decreased 12% from 2018 (36,200) to 2022 (31,800).

• #45 CDC Publishes New HIV Surveillance Reports | CDC NCHHSTP

  https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/cdc-publishes-new-hiv-surveillance-reports.html

  In 2022, in the United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, there were 38,043 HIV diagnoses, more than half of which (52%) occurred among people living in the South. […] Overall, data from these reports demonstrate that expanding the reach of HIV testing, PrEP, and treatment have been effective but our reach must extend even further, and progress must be faster, to achieve our national goal of ending new HIV infections in the United States.

• #46 1. Origin and Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/1-origin-and-epidemiology-hivaids

  UNAIDS reports that reaching Fast-Track Targets will avert nearly 28 million new HIV infections and end the AIDS epidemic as a global health threat by 2030. […] If the world does not rapidly scale up in the next five years, the epidemic is likely to spring back with a higher rate of new HIV infections than today. […] Epidemiology is the study of how disease is distributed in populations and the factors that influence the distribution. Epidemiologists try to discover why a disease develops in some people and not in others. Clinically, AIDS was first recognized in the United States in 1981. In 1983 HIV was discovered to be the cause of AIDS. Since then, the number of AIDS cases has continued to increase both in the United States and in other countries. […] HIV and AIDS cases are reportable; each state has its own laws and healthcare workers must be familiar with those of the state in which they are licensed.

• #47 HIV | Health and Human Services North Dakota

  https://www.hhs.nd.gov/health/diseases-conditions-and-immunization/HIV

  Monitor the incidence and estimated prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the state […] The NDHHS, along with ND communities and partners, are working towards Ending the HIV Epidemic. […] Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) is a bold plan announced in 2019 that aims to end the HIV epidemic in the United States by 2030.

• #48 1. Origin and Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/1-origin-and-epidemiology-hivaids

  The estimated incidence of HIV has remained generally stable in recent years, at about 50,000 new HIV infections per year. […] Worldwide, there were about 2.1 million new cases of HIV in 2013, and about 35 million people are living with HIV around the world. […] In 2014 UNAIDS set forth the goal known as 90-90-90, which means that, by 2020, 90% of people living with HIV will know their HIV status.

• #49 CDC Publishes New HIV Surveillance Reports | CDC NCHHSTP

  https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/cdc-publishes-new-hiv-surveillance-reports.html

  In 2022, in the United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, there were 38,043 HIV diagnoses, more than half of which (52%) occurred among people living in the South. […] Overall, data from these reports demonstrate that expanding the reach of HIV testing, PrEP, and treatment have been effective but our reach must extend even further, and progress must be faster, to achieve our national goal of ending new HIV infections in the United States.

• #50 Statistics | Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH)

  https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/hiv/statistics.html

  The HIV Surveillance Branch conducts epidemiologic surveillance through the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data related to HIV incidence and prevalence in Alabama. Surveillance staff document and investigate HIV cases reported by physicians, hospitals, laboratories, and other sources; exchange needed information with agencies, states, and other reporting sources; and provide demographic data for use in targeting prevention programs. […] The Preliminary 2023 HIV Continuum of Care depicts persons living with HIV (PWH) in Alabama who are engaged in selected stages of HIV treatment. Successful HIV Prevention and Care programs exhibit high linkage to care among newly diagnosed clients, as well as effective retention in care and adequate viral load suppression among existing HIV-positive clients. As viral load is considered a measure of infectivity, maintaining a suppressed viral load decreases the likelihood of infecting another person and is the focus of Treatment as Prevention strategies. PWH who adhere to antiretroviral treatment and maintain suppressed viral loads can reduce the risk of sexual transmission of HIV by 96 percent. For PWH who reach undetectable levels, there are no documented cases of sexual transmission. This is the premise of the Prevention Access Campaign’s Undetectable Equals Untransmittable (U=U) initiative, which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supports, agreeing there is „effectively no risk” of sexually transmitting HIV when on treatment and undetectable. […] The Alabama Department of Public Health has monitored the HIV epidemic within Alabama since the early 1980s. Information about the current HIV epidemic is now available in the Integrated Epidemiological Profile.

• #51 HIV/AIDS data and research | Department of Public Health | City of Philadelphia

  https://www.phila.gov/documents/hiv-aids-data-and-research/

  People Who Inject Drugs: Fact sheet from 2018 NHBS PDF This 2021 analysis reviews the latest figures from the NHBS as they pertain to people who inject drugs (PWID) and HIV. […] People Who Inject Drugs: Practice Implications from 2018 NHBS PDF This 2021 analysis provides practice implications or recommendations for providers regarding HIV treatment and prevention and people who inject drugs (PWID). […] Qualitative Evaluation of HIV Outbreak Response in Philadelphia (June 2024) PDF Since 2018, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and community partners have responded to an HIV outbreak among people who inject drugs. This qualitative evaluation engaged Health Department staff and community partners to identify successes with response activities, note challenges, and inform future directions.

• #52 CDC Publishes New HIV Surveillance Reports | CDC NCHHSTP

  https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/cdc-publishes-new-hiv-surveillance-reports.html

  In 2022, HIV incidence in Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) (phase I) jurisdictions decreased 21% among persons aged 13 years, compared with the 2017 EHE baseline year. […] Although data demonstrate continued progress in HIV prevention, longstanding social and economic factors continue to contribute to health inequities particularly among Black/African American (hereafter referred to as Black) persons and Hispanic/Latino persons. […] It is estimated that 1.2 million persons in the United States were living with diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV at the end of 2022. […] Among persons who received diagnoses of HIV infection during 2022, 82% were linked to care within one month of diagnosis. […] To meet national HIV goals and ensure that all persons with diagnosed HIV receive high quality care and treatment, prevention efforts must address the drivers of social inequities and other barriers to care that cause and exacerbate health disparities.

• #53 U.S. Statistics

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics

  In 2022, there were 31,800 estimated new HIV infections in the U.S. and the rate was 11.3 (per 100,000 people). […] MSM accounted for 67% (21,400) of the 31,800 estimated new HIV infections in 2022 and 87% of estimated infections among all males. […] In 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] By race/ethnicity, according to CDC, in 2022, Black/African American persons made up approximately 12% of the population of the United States but accounted for 37% (11,900) of the estimated 31,800 new HIV infections. […] According to the latest CDC data, in 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] Black/African American people accounted for 38% (14,553) of the 37,981 new HIV diagnoses among persons aged 13 and older, but accounted for approximately 12% of the U.S. population. […] In 2022, Hispanic/Latino people accounted for 32% of new HIV diagnoses (12,167).

• #54 CDC Publishes New HIV Surveillance Reports | CDC NCHHSTP

  https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/cdc-publishes-new-hiv-surveillance-reports.html

  In 2022, HIV incidence in Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) (phase I) jurisdictions decreased 21% among persons aged 13 years, compared with the 2017 EHE baseline year. […] Although data demonstrate continued progress in HIV prevention, longstanding social and economic factors continue to contribute to health inequities particularly among Black/African American (hereafter referred to as Black) persons and Hispanic/Latino persons. […] It is estimated that 1.2 million persons in the United States were living with diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV at the end of 2022. […] Among persons who received diagnoses of HIV infection during 2022, 82% were linked to care within one month of diagnosis. […] To meet national HIV goals and ensure that all persons with diagnosed HIV receive high quality care and treatment, prevention efforts must address the drivers of social inequities and other barriers to care that cause and exacerbate health disparities.

• #55 Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS

  In some countries, HIV disproportionately affects certain key populations (sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people) and their sexual partners. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 63% of new infections are women, with young women (aged 15 to 24 years) twice as likely as men of the same age to be living with HIV. In Western Europe and North America, men who have sex with men account for almost two thirds of new HIV infections. […] According to the WHO, the prevalence of HIV in the Africa Region was estimated at 1.1 million people as of 2018. The African Region accounts for two thirds of the incidence of HIV around the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV. As of 2020, more than two thirds of those living with HIV are living in Africa. HIV rates have been decreasing in the region: From 2010 to 2020, new infections in eastern and southern Africa fell by 38%. Still, South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world, at 8.45 million, 13.9% of the population as of 2022.

• #56 Epidemiology of HIV Infection in the United States: Implications for Linkage to Care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3106255/

  The estimated incidence of HIV in the United States for 2006 was 56,300 new infections, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 48,20064,500. This number is 40% higher than the CDCs previous estimate of 40,000 new infections per year, which was based on less precise methods. […] The new estimate does not reflect an increase in HIV incidence. In fact, the annual number of new HIV infections has been roughly stable since the late 1990s. […] The CDC also updated its estimates of the percentage of individuals infected with HIV who were unaware of their infection. The number of undiagnosed HIV infections was calculated by subtracting diagnosed AIDS prevalence and diagnosed HIV prevalence from the estimated overall HIV prevalence. This new analysis indicates that 1 in 5 people living with HIV in 2006 (21%, or 232,700 total persons) were unaware of their infection.

• #57 HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe 2024 – 2023 data

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hiv-aids-surveillance-europe-2024-2023-data

  For the EU/EEA countries, the rate in 2023 was 5.3 per 100 000, marking a 15.9% decrease from the 6.3 per 100 000 rate observed in 2014. However, focusing only on newly reported cases and excluding previous positive diagnoses, the rate increased by 11.8% between 2022 and 2023 (from 3.4 to 3.8 per 100 000 population). […] When comparing the number of HIV diagnoses made to the estimated number of new HIV infections acquired over the past decade, it is evident that an increasingly larger number of individuals are acquiring HIV infection than are being diagnosed. This indicates a growing number of people living with undiagnosed HIV in the Region. In the EU/EEA, the trend differs from that of the wider Region with slightly more diagnoses reported than estimated new infections. […] The increase in HIV diagnoses in 2023 can be attributed to various factors across different subregions. In the east of the WHO European Region, countries reported a rebound in HIV testing and case detection since the COVID-19 pandemic subsided, focusing on increasing case detection and introducing new testing policies to close the gap on undiagnosed individuals. In the EU/EEA and the west of the Region, the increase may be a result of increased diagnoses among migrants, particularly from high-prevalence countries, and expanded HIV testing services. In contrast, the number of HIV diagnoses in the centre of the Region decreased in 2023 compared to 2022, mainly due to a reduction in previous positive diagnoses. However, six out of 15 countries in the centre still reported an increase in 2023 compared to 2022.

• #58 Epidemiology of HIV Infection in the United States: Implications for Linkage to Care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3106255/

  The estimated incidence of HIV in the United States for 2006 was 56,300 new infections, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 48,20064,500. This number is 40% higher than the CDCs previous estimate of 40,000 new infections per year, which was based on less precise methods. […] The new estimate does not reflect an increase in HIV incidence. In fact, the annual number of new HIV infections has been roughly stable since the late 1990s. […] The CDC also updated its estimates of the percentage of individuals infected with HIV who were unaware of their infection. The number of undiagnosed HIV infections was calculated by subtracting diagnosed AIDS prevalence and diagnosed HIV prevalence from the estimated overall HIV prevalence. This new analysis indicates that 1 in 5 people living with HIV in 2006 (21%, or 232,700 total persons) were unaware of their infection.

• #59 U.S. Statistics

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics

  Approximately 1.2 million people in the U.S. have HIV. About 13 percent of them don’t know it and need testing. […] In 2022, an estimated 31,800 people acquired HIV in the U.S. […] Estimated new HIV infections decreased 12% from 36,300 in 2018 to 31,800 in 2022. […] In 2022, 37,981 people aged 13 and older received an HIV diagnosis in the U.S. and 6 territories and freely associated states. […] HIV diagnoses are not evenly distributed across states and regions. The highest rates of new diagnoses continue to occur in the South. […] According to the latest estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 31,800 people acquired HIV in the United States in 2022. […] CDC estimates show new HIV infections decreased 12% from 2018 (36,200) to 2022 (31,800).

• #60 HIV Data Center | Florida Department of Health

  https://www.floridahealth.gov/diseases-and-conditions/aids/surveillance/index.html

  The goal of the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program is to collect complete and accurate HIV data to analyze trends. […] People with HIV (PWH) may be tested often to monitor treatment needs. This can lead to single cases being reported multiple times. […] Surveillance staff regularly check data to correct for this, both within Florida and within the CDCs national database. […] The entire surveillance HIV/AIDS data set is reviewed in the deduplication process. […] Each year, the HIV data for the previous calendar year and all previous years are finalized and frozen for reporting purposes on June 30. […] Data for 2020 and 2021 should be interpreted with caution due to the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing, care-related services, and case surveillance activities. […] Florida tracks HIV/AIDS cases by the year they were diagnosed and by the year they were reported.

• #61 HIV Data Center | Florida Department of Health

  https://www.floridahealth.gov/diseases-and-conditions/aids/surveillance/index.html

  The goal of the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program is to collect complete and accurate HIV data to analyze trends. […] People with HIV (PWH) may be tested often to monitor treatment needs. This can lead to single cases being reported multiple times. […] Surveillance staff regularly check data to correct for this, both within Florida and within the CDCs national database. […] The entire surveillance HIV/AIDS data set is reviewed in the deduplication process. […] Each year, the HIV data for the previous calendar year and all previous years are finalized and frozen for reporting purposes on June 30. […] Data for 2020 and 2021 should be interpreted with caution due to the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing, care-related services, and case surveillance activities. […] Florida tracks HIV/AIDS cases by the year they were diagnosed and by the year they were reported.

• #62 HIV Surveillance Program

  https://portal.ct.gov/dph/aids–chronic-diseases/surveillance/hiv-surveillance-program

  Connecticut HIV surveillance data has been updated to include 2022 cases reported through December 2023. Please note data from 2020 should be interpreted with caution due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to HIV testing care-related services. Finalized 2023 data will be released January 2025 to allow for reporting delay, de-duplication with other surveillance jurisdictions, and complete death reporting. […] The primary goals of the HIV Surveillance Program are to: […] Disseminate HIV surveillance data to inform public health partners, the medical community, and the general public about the epidemiology of HIV in Connecticut to measure progress towards national goals and aid in public health planning.

• #63 1. Origin and Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/1-origin-and-epidemiology-hivaids

  UNAIDS reports that reaching Fast-Track Targets will avert nearly 28 million new HIV infections and end the AIDS epidemic as a global health threat by 2030. […] If the world does not rapidly scale up in the next five years, the epidemic is likely to spring back with a higher rate of new HIV infections than today. […] Epidemiology is the study of how disease is distributed in populations and the factors that influence the distribution. Epidemiologists try to discover why a disease develops in some people and not in others. Clinically, AIDS was first recognized in the United States in 1981. In 1983 HIV was discovered to be the cause of AIDS. Since then, the number of AIDS cases has continued to increase both in the United States and in other countries. […] HIV and AIDS cases are reportable; each state has its own laws and healthcare workers must be familiar with those of the state in which they are licensed.

• #64 CDC Publishes New HIV Surveillance Reports | CDC NCHHSTP

  https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/cdc-publishes-new-hiv-surveillance-reports.html

  In 2022, in the United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, there were 38,043 HIV diagnoses, more than half of which (52%) occurred among people living in the South. […] Overall, data from these reports demonstrate that expanding the reach of HIV testing, PrEP, and treatment have been effective but our reach must extend even further, and progress must be faster, to achieve our national goal of ending new HIV infections in the United States.

• #65 1. Origin and Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/1-origin-and-epidemiology-hivaids

  UNAIDS reports that reaching Fast-Track Targets will avert nearly 28 million new HIV infections and end the AIDS epidemic as a global health threat by 2030. […] If the world does not rapidly scale up in the next five years, the epidemic is likely to spring back with a higher rate of new HIV infections than today. […] Epidemiology is the study of how disease is distributed in populations and the factors that influence the distribution. Epidemiologists try to discover why a disease develops in some people and not in others. Clinically, AIDS was first recognized in the United States in 1981. In 1983 HIV was discovered to be the cause of AIDS. Since then, the number of AIDS cases has continued to increase both in the United States and in other countries. […] HIV and AIDS cases are reportable; each state has its own laws and healthcare workers must be familiar with those of the state in which they are licensed.

• #66 CDC Publishes New HIV Surveillance Reports | CDC NCHHSTP

  https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/cdc-publishes-new-hiv-surveillance-reports.html

  In 2022, in the United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, there were 38,043 HIV diagnoses, more than half of which (52%) occurred among people living in the South. […] Overall, data from these reports demonstrate that expanding the reach of HIV testing, PrEP, and treatment have been effective but our reach must extend even further, and progress must be faster, to achieve our national goal of ending new HIV infections in the United States.

• #67 HIV Epidemiology Unit | Georgia Department of Public Health

  https://dph.georgia.gov/epidemiology/georgias-hivaids-epidemiology-section

  The HIV Epidemiology Section at the Georgia Department of Public Health, is responsible for managing the state HIV surveillance system and conducting HIV surveillance, and other HIV-related epidemiologic activities that provide more in depth information on those disproportionately affected by HIV. […] The data collected are used to describe and monitor the epidemic in Georgia, to guide data-driven planning and resource allocation, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of prevention programs and care treatment services. […] The HIV Epidemiology Section is authorized under Georgia Surveillance Law (O.C.G.A. 31-12-2) to conduct notifiable disease surveillance of HIV. […] Public health surveillance activities are not subject to HIPAA restrictions. […] Georgia has a dual reporting system that legally requires HIV reporting by both health care providers and laboratories.

• #68 HIV Surveillance

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/hiv-aids/hiv-surveillance.html

  Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event. HIV surveillance collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about new and existing cases of HIV infection (regardless of stage of disease and including AIDS). The ultimate goal of the Illinois HIV Surveillance Program is to provide a comprehensive picture of the HIV epidemic in order to support prevention and health service activities delivered by the Department of Public Health and a statewide system of healthcare and social service organizations. […] State regulations identify HIV and AIDS as reportable diseases and mandate that healthcare professionals licensed by the Department report HIV and AIDS cases. Effective January 1, 2006, cases of HIV infection must be reported by name to the HIV Surveillance Program at the Illinois Department of Public Health. AIDS cases have been reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) this way since 1981. Every healthcare professional must report each case in which the healthcare professional has diagnosed or treated a case of AIDS or HIV infection.

• #69 Public Health and HIV/AIDS Surveillance – Measuring What Matters – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216140/

  Since the 1950s, surveillance has gradually expanded to include monitoring disease trends in populations for the purpose of initiating population-based disease-control programs. […] AIDS case reporting has been the cornerstone of efforts to monitor and track the HIV epidemic. […] By the end of 1983 most states required AIDS cases to be reported to public health officials. […] The system of AIDS reporting evolved over time, primarily through changes in the case definition to reflect growing clinical understanding of the disease and development of appropriate laboratory tests. […] AIDS surveillance has been broadly accepted by the community of individuals living with HIV and AIDS. […] Due in large part to federal investments in state and local surveillance and strong active surveillance efforts, AIDS case reporting is among the most complete of all reportable diseases and conditions.

• #70 Public Health and HIV/AIDS Surveillance – Measuring What Matters – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216140/

  Following the development of the first antibody test for HIV in 1985, states began to initiate reporting of HIV infection. […] Public health authorities justified reporting of HIV infection on several grounds. […] In the following years, CDC continued to press for name-based reporting of HIV cases, supported by a growing number of public health officials. […] By October 1998, name-based reporting had a stronger foothold with 32 states then reporting cases of HIV by name. […] As of October 2003, all states, territories, and cities except Georgia and Philadelphia have implemented a confidential HIV case-reporting system. […] Unlike AIDS case reporting, which uses a standardized name-based reporting system, states had adopted different procedures for reporting HIV cases. […] As with any surveillance system, HIV and AIDS case reporting fulfills a number of purposes. […] The allocation of resources appropriated through the RWCA is an example of how information collected from a case-reporting system has been used for different purposes.

• #71 HIV Surveillance

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/hiv-aids/hiv-surveillance.html

  Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event. HIV surveillance collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about new and existing cases of HIV infection (regardless of stage of disease and including AIDS). The ultimate goal of the Illinois HIV Surveillance Program is to provide a comprehensive picture of the HIV epidemic in order to support prevention and health service activities delivered by the Department of Public Health and a statewide system of healthcare and social service organizations. […] State regulations identify HIV and AIDS as reportable diseases and mandate that healthcare professionals licensed by the Department report HIV and AIDS cases. Effective January 1, 2006, cases of HIV infection must be reported by name to the HIV Surveillance Program at the Illinois Department of Public Health. AIDS cases have been reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) this way since 1981. Every healthcare professional must report each case in which the healthcare professional has diagnosed or treated a case of AIDS or HIV infection.

• #72 HIV Epidemiology Unit

  https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/hiv_aids_epidemiology_unit.html

  The State of California implemented HIV reporting regulations (California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Section 2641.5-2653.2) July 1, 2002, amended by legislation April 17, 2006. […] Health care providers and laboratory directors, or their designees, are required to report all patients with a test indicative of HIV to the local health department. […] Reports of HIV cases to the Epidemiology Unit shall include: Name, address, phone number, Racial/ethnic group, Gender, Date of birth, Mode of transmission information, Laboratory accession number, Test reported, Date of test, and Name, address and phone number of the person or facility making the report. […] The Epidemiology Program is required by law to protect the privacy of any individual reported with HIV. […] When an individual is diagnosed with one or more of the AIDS defining conditions listed below, their HIV care providers are required to report the case to the Epidemiology Program within 7 days of the diagnosis.

• #73 HIV in NYC: Statistics and Reports – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/data/data-sets/hiv-aids-surveillance-and-epidemiology-reports.page

  These tables describe new diagnoses of HIV and AIDS, people with HIV and AIDS, and deaths among people with HIV and AIDS, for New York City overall, and by gender, race or ethnicity, age, borough, transmission category, and neighborhood. […] Data Sources New York State law requires providers to report new diagnoses of HIV, AIDS, and HIV-related illness, and laboratories to report patients positive HIV test results, viral loads, CD4 counts, and nucleotide sequences results. The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene investigates provider and laboratory reports to identify transmission risk and dates of diagnosis, and searches for unreported diagnoses.

• #74 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) | HIV Data | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/index.html

  The National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) is the primary source of HIV data for monitoring cases of HIV infection in the United States and 6 U.S. territories and freely associated states (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Republic of Palau, U.S. Virgin Islands). […] Surveillance programs of local, territorial, and state health departments gather information on demographic characteristics (sex assigned at birth, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and place of diagnosis), transmission category (mode of exposure), and all test results indicative of HIV infection and for monitoring stage of disease (viral load and CD4 count and percent). […] Data are used to monitor the distribution and transmission of HIV, plan and evaluate prevention and care programs, allocate resources, inform policy development, and identify and respond to rapid transmission of HIV. […] For the most up-to-date technical notes for HIV surveillance and monitoring, see the Technical Notes in the NCHHSTP Atlas Plus. […] Learn about HIV data systems, various HIV data trends in the United States, as well as how data is used to analyze and prevent further HIV transmission.

• #75 HIV Epidemiology Unit

  https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/hiv_aids_epidemiology_unit.html

  The State of California implemented HIV reporting regulations (California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Section 2641.5-2653.2) July 1, 2002, amended by legislation April 17, 2006. […] Health care providers and laboratory directors, or their designees, are required to report all patients with a test indicative of HIV to the local health department. […] Reports of HIV cases to the Epidemiology Unit shall include: Name, address, phone number, Racial/ethnic group, Gender, Date of birth, Mode of transmission information, Laboratory accession number, Test reported, Date of test, and Name, address and phone number of the person or facility making the report. […] The Epidemiology Program is required by law to protect the privacy of any individual reported with HIV. […] When an individual is diagnosed with one or more of the AIDS defining conditions listed below, their HIV care providers are required to report the case to the Epidemiology Program within 7 days of the diagnosis.

• #76 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DOA/Pages/OAsre.aspx

  The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) System is a national health survey that collects information on sexual risk, drug use, HIV testing behaviors, and HIV seroprevalence from populations at highest risk for HIV infectionmen who have sex with men, people who inject drugs and low-income heterosexual people.

• #77 HIV Epidemiology Unit | Georgia Department of Public Health

  https://dph.georgia.gov/epidemiology/hiv-epidemiology-unit

  The main activities conducted by the HIV Epidemiology Section are: Case Surveillance involves ongoing collection of demographic information, HIV care-related tests, and ascertainment of vital status through matches with vital registry data. […] The HIV Care Continuum is a method of estimating the proportion of persons living with HIV in a given area who are actively receiving HIV care and who are virally suppressed based on viral load tests and CD4 counts reported by laboratories. […] Perinatal Exposure Surveillance collects information of women with HIV who give birth and their infants in order to ascertain the extent to which guidelines for prevention of perinatal transmissions are implemented, and to identify gaps accounting for ongoing transmission. […] The Georgia HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) is a surveillance system designed to learn more about populations disproportionately affected by HIV.

• #78 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DOA/Pages/OAsre.aspx

  The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) System is a national health survey that collects information on sexual risk, drug use, HIV testing behaviors, and HIV seroprevalence from populations at highest risk for HIV infectionmen who have sex with men, people who inject drugs and low-income heterosexual people.

• #79 HIV Statistics and Research | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/data-and-statistical-reports/diseases-and-chronic-conditions/hiv-data

  The Washington State Department of Health works closely with local health jurisdictions to obtain demographic, behavioral, laboratory, clinical, as well as other service and referral information. This information is used to characterize PLWDH, including health and well-being, identify risk factors, calculate HIV diagnosis rates, monitor state and local HIV trends, and develop HIV-related estimates. […] Molecular HIV Surveillance (MHS) is an expanded surveillance activity funded by the CDC in 27 areas across the country, including Washington. […] HIV Incidence Surveillance (HIS) is an expanded HIV surveillance activity funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 25 areas across the country, including Washington. […] The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a supplemental surveillance activity funded by the CDC in 23 areas across the country, including Washington. […] HIV Assessment staff work with local health departments, health care providers, and laboratories to collect HIV case report information. This information is currently presented in annual surveillance reports.

• #80 HIV surveillance

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/strategic-information/hiv-surveillance/1000

  Understanding trends in HIV data is a cornerstone of the public health response to HIV. HIV surveillance brings together information from a range of sources to: estimate how many people are living with HIV; understand who is being infected and why; and assess the impact of HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services across different population groups. […] This ongoing collection, analysis and dissemination of HIV data provides evidence for decision-making. It also tracks national and global progress towards the United Nations target to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. […] WHO provides support to Member States by characterizing the current epidemiology of HIV, reviewing surveillance approaches and methods, and producing strategic information guidelines. […] The WHO HIV Case Surveillance Tracker software package is designed to follow people living with HIV through their treatment and is based upon WHO standards and policy guidance. The package is based on the free and open-source District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) software platform and designed in collaboration with the WHO Global Programmes on HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections.

• #81 HIV Data Center | Florida Department of Health

  https://www.floridahealth.gov/diseases-and-conditions/aids/surveillance/index.html

  The goal of the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program is to collect complete and accurate HIV data to analyze trends. […] People with HIV (PWH) may be tested often to monitor treatment needs. This can lead to single cases being reported multiple times. […] Surveillance staff regularly check data to correct for this, both within Florida and within the CDCs national database. […] The entire surveillance HIV/AIDS data set is reviewed in the deduplication process. […] Each year, the HIV data for the previous calendar year and all previous years are finalized and frozen for reporting purposes on June 30. […] Data for 2020 and 2021 should be interpreted with caution due to the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing, care-related services, and case surveillance activities. […] Florida tracks HIV/AIDS cases by the year they were diagnosed and by the year they were reported.

• #82 HIV surveillance

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/strategic-information/hiv-surveillance/1000

  Understanding trends in HIV data is a cornerstone of the public health response to HIV. HIV surveillance brings together information from a range of sources to: estimate how many people are living with HIV; understand who is being infected and why; and assess the impact of HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services across different population groups. […] This ongoing collection, analysis and dissemination of HIV data provides evidence for decision-making. It also tracks national and global progress towards the United Nations target to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. […] WHO provides support to Member States by characterizing the current epidemiology of HIV, reviewing surveillance approaches and methods, and producing strategic information guidelines. […] The WHO HIV Case Surveillance Tracker software package is designed to follow people living with HIV through their treatment and is based upon WHO standards and policy guidance. The package is based on the free and open-source District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) software platform and designed in collaboration with the WHO Global Programmes on HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections.

• #83 About the AIDS Institute

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/aids/general/about/epi_and_partner_svcs.htm

  The Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology (BHAE) provides mission critical functions to the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) through the conduct of HIV surveillance and supplemental activities. These activities include, but are not limited to, enumeration and monitoring of the HIV epidemic in New York State (NYS). In compliance with State law, HIV surveillance is conducted by the state rather than localities. […] Comprehensive electronic laboratory reporting via the NYSDOH Electronic Clinical Laboratory Reporting System (ECRLS) is the foundation of HIV surveillance for NYS. Annually, over 190 laboratories serving NYS residents and/or NYS clinicians electronically report 1.2 million HIV-related laboratory test results, including results of diagnostic and disease monitoring test types (any laboratory test, tests or series of tests approved for the diagnosis of HIV or for the periodic monitoring of HIV).

• #84 CDC Publishes New HIV Surveillance Reports | CDC NCHHSTP

  https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/cdc-publishes-new-hiv-surveillance-reports.html

  CDC publishes 3 new HIV surveillance reports. […] Today, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published three new HIV surveillance reports: Estimated HIV Incidence and Prevalence in the United States, 2018-2022; Monitoring Selected National HIV Prevention and Care Objectives by Using HIV Surveillance Data, United States and 6 Territories and Freely Associated States, 2022; and Diagnoses, Deaths, and Prevalence of HIV in the United States and 6 Territories and Freely Associated States, 2022. […] These data can assist HIV prevention partners in focusing prevention efforts, allocating resources, monitoring trends, and determining gaps and successes in HIV prevention. […] The new HIV incidence estimates show that national prevention efforts are continuing to move in the right direction overall, although substantial disparities exist.

• #85 3 Public Health and HIV/AIDS Surveillance | Measuring What Matters: Allocation, Planning, and Quality Assessment for the Ryan White CARE Act | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/10855/chapter/5

  As of October 2003, all states, territories, and cities except Georgia and Philadelphia have implemented a confidential HIV case-reporting system. […] Unlike AIDS case reporting, which uses a standardized name-based reporting system, states had adopted different procedures for reporting HIV cases. […] An important consideration in evaluating alternative surveillance methods is the costs and benefits associated with acquiring data for use in allocating resources.

• #86 CDC Publishes New HIV Surveillance Reports | CDC NCHHSTP

  https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/cdc-publishes-new-hiv-surveillance-reports.html

  CDC publishes 3 new HIV surveillance reports. […] Today, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published three new HIV surveillance reports: Estimated HIV Incidence and Prevalence in the United States, 2018-2022; Monitoring Selected National HIV Prevention and Care Objectives by Using HIV Surveillance Data, United States and 6 Territories and Freely Associated States, 2022; and Diagnoses, Deaths, and Prevalence of HIV in the United States and 6 Territories and Freely Associated States, 2022. […] These data can assist HIV prevention partners in focusing prevention efforts, allocating resources, monitoring trends, and determining gaps and successes in HIV prevention. […] The new HIV incidence estimates show that national prevention efforts are continuing to move in the right direction overall, although substantial disparities exist.

• #87 HIV Epidemiology Unit | SF.gov

  https://www.sf.gov/information–hiv-epidemiology-unit

  Providing HIV statistics, epidemiology, and trends of the San Francisco HIV epidemic. […] Local health departments receive funding based on the number of reported HIV/AIDS cases. These funds are used for prevention planning and for medical and social services for people with HIV. […] Tracking how many people have HIV/AIDS in San Francisco and reporting any new cases. […] Monitoring the morbidity and mortality of persons with HIV/AIDS. […] Analyzing and providing data to identify trends and target resources in San Francisco. […] California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Section 2500 and Section 2643.5 require that all diagnosed cases of AIDS and HIV as defined by CDC must be reported within seven (7) days to the Health Officer.

• #88 HIV Epidemiology Unit | SF.gov

  https://www.sf.gov/information–hiv-epidemiology-unit

  Providing HIV statistics, epidemiology, and trends of the San Francisco HIV epidemic. […] Local health departments receive funding based on the number of reported HIV/AIDS cases. These funds are used for prevention planning and for medical and social services for people with HIV. […] Tracking how many people have HIV/AIDS in San Francisco and reporting any new cases. […] Monitoring the morbidity and mortality of persons with HIV/AIDS. […] Analyzing and providing data to identify trends and target resources in San Francisco. […] California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Section 2500 and Section 2643.5 require that all diagnosed cases of AIDS and HIV as defined by CDC must be reported within seven (7) days to the Health Officer.

• #89 HIV Epidemiology Unit | Georgia Department of Public Health

  https://dph.georgia.gov/epidemiology/georgias-hivaids-epidemiology-section

  The HIV Epidemiology Section at the Georgia Department of Public Health, is responsible for managing the state HIV surveillance system and conducting HIV surveillance, and other HIV-related epidemiologic activities that provide more in depth information on those disproportionately affected by HIV. […] The data collected are used to describe and monitor the epidemic in Georgia, to guide data-driven planning and resource allocation, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of prevention programs and care treatment services. […] The HIV Epidemiology Section is authorized under Georgia Surveillance Law (O.C.G.A. 31-12-2) to conduct notifiable disease surveillance of HIV. […] Public health surveillance activities are not subject to HIPAA restrictions. […] Georgia has a dual reporting system that legally requires HIV reporting by both health care providers and laboratories.

• #90 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) | HIV Data | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/index.html

  The National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) is the primary source of HIV data for monitoring cases of HIV infection in the United States and 6 U.S. territories and freely associated states (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Republic of Palau, U.S. Virgin Islands). […] Surveillance programs of local, territorial, and state health departments gather information on demographic characteristics (sex assigned at birth, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and place of diagnosis), transmission category (mode of exposure), and all test results indicative of HIV infection and for monitoring stage of disease (viral load and CD4 count and percent). […] Data are used to monitor the distribution and transmission of HIV, plan and evaluate prevention and care programs, allocate resources, inform policy development, and identify and respond to rapid transmission of HIV. […] For the most up-to-date technical notes for HIV surveillance and monitoring, see the Technical Notes in the NCHHSTP Atlas Plus. […] Learn about HIV data systems, various HIV data trends in the United States, as well as how data is used to analyze and prevent further HIV transmission.

• #91 HIV surveillance

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/strategic-information/hiv-surveillance

  Understanding trends in HIV data is a cornerstone of the public health response to HIV. HIV surveillance brings together information from a range of sources to: estimate how many people are living with HIV; understand who is being infected and why; and assess the impact of HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services across different population groups. […] This ongoing collection, analysis and dissemination of HIV data provides evidence for decision-making. It also tracks national and global progress towards the United Nations target to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. […] WHO provides support to Member States by characterizing the current epidemiology of HIV, reviewing surveillance approaches and methods, and producing strategic information guidelines. […] Programmatic data routinely collected at service delivery sites can play an important role in the measuring and monitoring of HIV incidence and prevalence,

• #92 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) | HIV Data | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/index.html

  The National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) is the primary source of HIV data for monitoring cases of HIV infection in the United States and 6 U.S. territories and freely associated states (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Republic of Palau, U.S. Virgin Islands). […] Surveillance programs of local, territorial, and state health departments gather information on demographic characteristics (sex assigned at birth, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and place of diagnosis), transmission category (mode of exposure), and all test results indicative of HIV infection and for monitoring stage of disease (viral load and CD4 count and percent). […] Data are used to monitor the distribution and transmission of HIV, plan and evaluate prevention and care programs, allocate resources, inform policy development, and identify and respond to rapid transmission of HIV. […] For the most up-to-date technical notes for HIV surveillance and monitoring, see the Technical Notes in the NCHHSTP Atlas Plus. […] Learn about HIV data systems, various HIV data trends in the United States, as well as how data is used to analyze and prevent further HIV transmission.

• #93 About the AIDS Institute

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/aids/general/about/epi_and_partner_svcs.htm

  The Bureau participates in the NYSDOH public health intervention efforts to identify and respond to clusters of HIV transmission. […] NYS is unique in the nation in that all liveborn infants are tested for HIV antibodies through the NYSDOH Newborn Screening program. […] The BHAE participates in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)- sponsored Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), an expanded surveillance project that collects information on persons with diagnosed HIV. […] The data collected through the New York HIV Surveillance System are used by the CDC to track the State and national epidemic, and by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to monitor HIV care and treatment and provide a basis for determining the amount of federal funds New York receives for HIV-related prevention and treatment programs.

• #94 HIV/AIDS data and research | Department of Public Health | City of Philadelphia

  https://www.phila.gov/documents/hiv-aids-data-and-research/

  A Community Plan to End the HIV Epidemic in Philadelphia (December 2020) PDF This plan relies on public health science to accomplish a specific, measurable goal: reducing new HIV infections by 75 percent in five years. […] Health Advisory: HIV Outbreak Among People Who Inject Drugs (October 16, 2019) PDF This health advisory provides an update on the ongoing HIV outbreak among people who inject drugs in Philadelphia. […] Health Advisory: Increase in New HIV Diagnoses among People who Inject Drugs (June 7, 2022) PDF This health advisory reviews the impact of syringe exchange, its role in addressing the public health consequences of substance use disorder in the city, and next steps in tackling the continued epidemic of infectious diseases related to drug use and overdose deaths in Philadelphia.

• #95 HIV/AIDS Statistics – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/hiv/stats/index.html

  HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2023 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2022 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2021 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2020 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2019 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2018 […] HIV/AIDS Statistics – 2017 […] Outbreak data, response information, resources, and statewide case counts of HIV in Minnesota by county. […] As part of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States, MDH has calculated an HIV care continuum using HIV surveillance data. These calculations help us better understand the HIV epidemic and the disparities that exist in the delivery of care among people living with HIV in Minnesota. […] State health departments are now required to collect HIV genetic sequences, analyze them to identify transmission clusters, and respond to prevent new infections. Molecular data involves using genetic sequences of HIV viruses to identify communities where HIV is spreading more quickly. […] Presentation summarizing surveillance data on mother-to-child HIV transmission in Minnesota. […] Provides an annual review of communicable disease occurrence in Minnesota, including STDs, HIV, and AIDS. […] CDC’s National STD Surveillance System data.

• #96 HIV Epidemiology Unit

  https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/hiv_aids_epidemiology_unit.html

  The original case definition of AIDS was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981. Additional conditions and diseases were added in 1985, 1987, 1999 and 2014. All case definitions and revisions are published in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) publication. […] The final Privacy Rule does allow HIV and AIDS reporting as part of permitted disclosures for public health activities (45 CFR 164.512); no consent or authorization is required. This is supported by California Civil Code 56.10(c)(18).

• #97 HIV Epidemiology Unit | Georgia Department of Public Health

  https://dph.georgia.gov/epidemiology/georgias-hivaids-epidemiology-section

  The HIV Epidemiology Section at the Georgia Department of Public Health, is responsible for managing the state HIV surveillance system and conducting HIV surveillance, and other HIV-related epidemiologic activities that provide more in depth information on those disproportionately affected by HIV. […] The data collected are used to describe and monitor the epidemic in Georgia, to guide data-driven planning and resource allocation, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of prevention programs and care treatment services. […] The HIV Epidemiology Section is authorized under Georgia Surveillance Law (O.C.G.A. 31-12-2) to conduct notifiable disease surveillance of HIV. […] Public health surveillance activities are not subject to HIPAA restrictions. […] Georgia has a dual reporting system that legally requires HIV reporting by both health care providers and laboratories.

• #98 HIV Epidemiology Unit

  https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/hiv_aids_epidemiology_unit.html

  The original case definition of AIDS was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981. Additional conditions and diseases were added in 1985, 1987, 1999 and 2014. All case definitions and revisions are published in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) publication. […] The final Privacy Rule does allow HIV and AIDS reporting as part of permitted disclosures for public health activities (45 CFR 164.512); no consent or authorization is required. This is supported by California Civil Code 56.10(c)(18).

• #99 From TB to HIV/AIDS to cancer, disease tracking has always had a political dimension, but it’s the foundation of public health

  https://theconversation.com/from-tb-to-hiv-aids-to-cancer-disease-tracking-has-always-had-a-political-dimension-but-its-the-foundation-of-public-health-249928

  Federal datasets began disappearing from public view on Jan. 31, 2025, in response to executive orders from President Donald Trump. Among those were the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which asks respondents about their gender identity and sexual orientation and tracks behaviors like smoking and drug use; CDCs HIV dataset; and CDC and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease registrys Environmental Justice Index, which tracks pollution in communities, and Social Vulnerability Index, which identifies communities at high risk for disease and disability. […] The collection of public health surveillance data has never been politically neutral. It has always reflected ideas about individual rights. […] Despite controversy, it remains public healths foundational tool.

• #100 From TB to HIV/AIDS to cancer, disease tracking has always had a political dimension, but it’s the foundation of public health

  https://theconversation.com/from-tb-to-hiv-aids-to-cancer-disease-tracking-has-always-had-a-political-dimension-but-its-the-foundation-of-public-health-249928

  Surveillance typically involves tracking individuals with diseases by name for the purpose of direct action, including isolation, quarantine and treatment. […] By the early 20th century, public health officials argued that without surveillance, they worked in the darkness of ignorance and might as well hunt birds by shooting into every green bush. […] That changed with the AIDS epidemic, the first major infectious disease threat in more than a generation. […] When in 1985 it became possible to test for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, the prospect of named surveillance triggered deep fears about stigma and discrimination. […] An alliance of gay rights leaders and civil liberties advocates was initially able to prevent health departments from undertaking named HIV surveillance. […] But by the end of the 1980s, there was growing pressure to return HIV/AIDS to the medical mainstream, meaning that it could be managed therapeutically like other chronic conditions.

• #101 From TB to HIV/AIDS to cancer, disease tracking has always had a political dimension, but it’s the foundation of public health

  https://theconversation.com/from-tb-to-hiv-aids-to-cancer-disease-tracking-has-always-had-a-political-dimension-but-its-the-foundation-of-public-health-249928

  As effective treatment became available in the 1990s, opposition faded, and all 50 states required named reporting. […] The scope of the changes that the Trump administration has planned for federal data systems and datasets is unclear. […] Systems can be compromised if datasets are scrubbed of key variables that enable public health action with populations at highest risk, are halted, or are removed from the public eye. Communities cannot act on what they cannot count.

• #102 From TB to HIV/AIDS to cancer, disease tracking has always had a political dimension, but it’s the foundation of public health

  https://theconversation.com/from-tb-to-hiv-aids-to-cancer-disease-tracking-has-always-had-a-political-dimension-but-its-the-foundation-of-public-health-249928

  Surveillance typically involves tracking individuals with diseases by name for the purpose of direct action, including isolation, quarantine and treatment. […] By the early 20th century, public health officials argued that without surveillance, they worked in the darkness of ignorance and might as well hunt birds by shooting into every green bush. […] That changed with the AIDS epidemic, the first major infectious disease threat in more than a generation. […] When in 1985 it became possible to test for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, the prospect of named surveillance triggered deep fears about stigma and discrimination. […] An alliance of gay rights leaders and civil liberties advocates was initially able to prevent health departments from undertaking named HIV surveillance. […] But by the end of the 1980s, there was growing pressure to return HIV/AIDS to the medical mainstream, meaning that it could be managed therapeutically like other chronic conditions.

• #103 From TB to HIV/AIDS to cancer, disease tracking has always had a political dimension, but it’s the foundation of public health

  https://theconversation.com/from-tb-to-hiv-aids-to-cancer-disease-tracking-has-always-had-a-political-dimension-but-its-the-foundation-of-public-health-249928

  Surveillance typically involves tracking individuals with diseases by name for the purpose of direct action, including isolation, quarantine and treatment. […] By the early 20th century, public health officials argued that without surveillance, they worked in the darkness of ignorance and might as well hunt birds by shooting into every green bush. […] That changed with the AIDS epidemic, the first major infectious disease threat in more than a generation. […] When in 1985 it became possible to test for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, the prospect of named surveillance triggered deep fears about stigma and discrimination. […] An alliance of gay rights leaders and civil liberties advocates was initially able to prevent health departments from undertaking named HIV surveillance. […] But by the end of the 1980s, there was growing pressure to return HIV/AIDS to the medical mainstream, meaning that it could be managed therapeutically like other chronic conditions.

• #104 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/data-sources-and-methods/data-sources/national-hiv-surveillance-system-nhss

  Although reporting of HIV cases to CDC is voluntary, it is essential to the nationwide aggregation and monitoring of the burden of disease. […] Based on annual standard evaluation results, the completeness of reporting of HIV infection, as of December 2018, is estimated to be at least 85% in all but 3 jurisdictions. […] Data on diagnoses of HIV infection. HIV surveillance reports may not be representative of all persons with HIV because not all infected persons have been (1) tested or (2) tested at a time when the infection could be detected and diagnosed. […] Monitoring viral suppression and knowledge of status is dependent upon complete death ascertainment conducted by HIV surveillance programs for reporting to CDC.

• #105 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/data-sources-and-methods/data-sources/national-hiv-surveillance-system-nhss

  Although reporting of HIV cases to CDC is voluntary, it is essential to the nationwide aggregation and monitoring of the burden of disease. […] Based on annual standard evaluation results, the completeness of reporting of HIV infection, as of December 2018, is estimated to be at least 85% in all but 3 jurisdictions. […] Data on diagnoses of HIV infection. HIV surveillance reports may not be representative of all persons with HIV because not all infected persons have been (1) tested or (2) tested at a time when the infection could be detected and diagnosed. […] Monitoring viral suppression and knowledge of status is dependent upon complete death ascertainment conducted by HIV surveillance programs for reporting to CDC.

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