Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pneumococcal Vaccination | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for people based on their age or if they have certain risk conditions. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are the best way to protect against serious pneumococcal infections. […] Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against pneumococcal infections, including invasive disease. […] Vaccines that help protect against pneumococcal disease work well but cannot prevent all cases. […] Most people who get a pneumococcal vaccine don’t have any serious problems with it. […] There may be times when someone shouldn’t get a pneumococcal vaccine. […] If these problems occur, they usually go away within about 2 days. […] Pneumococcal vaccination is part of the routine childhood immunization schedule. […] For adults, a healthcare provider’s office or pharmacy are usually the best places to receive recommended vaccines. […] Most private health insurance plans cover this vaccine.

• #2 Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for children younger than 5 years and adults 50 years or older. […] CDC also recommends pneumococcal vaccination for children and adults at increased risk for pneumococcal disease. […] Follow the recommended immunization schedule to ensure that your patients get the pneumococcal vaccines that they need. […] CDC recommends routine pneumococcal vaccination for all children younger than 5 years old. […] Administer PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21 for all adults 50 years or older. […] If PCV15 is used, administer a dose of PPSV23 Aone year later, if neededB. Their pneumococcal vaccinations are complete. […] If PCV20 or PCV21 is used, a dose of PPSV23 isn’t indicated. Regardless of which vaccine is used (PCV20 or PCV21), their pneumococcal vaccinations are complete.

• #3 Pneumococcal vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/pneumococcal-vaccine/

  The pneumococcal vaccine helps protect against serious illnesses like pneumonia and meningitis. It’s recommended for people at higher risk of these illnesses, such as babies and adults aged 65 and over. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for babies, older people, and people at higher risk of getting seriously ill from pneumococcal infections. […] Most people can have the pneumococcal vaccine if they need it, including if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding. […] You only cannot have the vaccine if you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of the vaccine or an ingredient in the vaccine. […] Vaccination gives the best protection against pneumococcal infections. […] It helps protect against the most common and serious types of these infections, but there’s still a chance you might get a pneumococcal infection. […] You usually have some protection by about 3 weeks from when you had the vaccine. […] Most adults only need 1 dose of the vaccine for long-term protection. Most babies need 2 doses to protect them.

• #4 Pneumococcal vaccination in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pneumococcal-vaccination-in-adults

  Pneumococcal vaccination is an important preventive health care measure that substantially reduces the burden of pneumococcal disease in vaccinated individuals and in the population. Pneumococcal vaccination is indicated for adults with risk factors for pneumococcal disease or for severe adverse outcomes should disease occur. Pneumococcal vaccination is also a routine part of infant and childhood immunization schedules worldwide. […] This topic will review types of pneumococcal vaccines, indications and approach to vaccine selection, safety of vaccination, and rationale for vaccination. […] Two types of pneumococcal vaccines are available for clinical use: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (table 1). The active components of both kinds of vaccine are capsular polysaccharides from pneumococcal serotypes that commonly cause invasive disease.

• #5 Pneumococcal vaccination in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pneumococcal-vaccination-in-adults/print

  Pneumococcal vaccination is an important preventive health care measure that substantially reduces the burden of pneumococcal disease in vaccinated individuals and in the population. Pneumococcal vaccination is indicated for adults with risk factors for pneumococcal disease or for severe adverse outcomes should disease occur. Pneumococcal vaccination is also a routine part of infant and childhood immunization schedules worldwide. […] Two types of pneumococcal vaccines are available for clinical use: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (table 1). The active components of both kinds of vaccine are capsular polysaccharides from pneumococcal serotypes that commonly cause invasive disease. […] Polysaccharide vaccines—PPSV is composed of partially purified pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. The only available formulation contains 23 pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPSV23; Pneumovax or Pnu-Immune) from the 23 serotypes that were the most common cause of pneumococcal disease in adults in the 1980s (table 2). PPSV23 has evolved from being the only available vaccine, to being part of a two-vaccine series along with PCV, to now largely becoming replaced by the higher valent conjugate vaccines (eg, PCV21). However, it remains uncertain whether a conjugate vaccine is truly more effective than PPSV in adults.

• #6 Pneumococcal Vaccine – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507794/

  The advent of pneumococcal vaccines has proven to be a significant advancement in treating and preventing a widespread and sometimes deadly disease process. […] The pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are recommended differently depending on the patient population. […] Currently, PCV13, PCV15, PPSV23, and PCV20 are used for immunization. […] The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Advisor Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) have revised the recommendations for routine administration of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which is reflected in the administration section. […] PCV 20 is indicated for preventing pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal diseases in adults age 18 years and older. […] PPSV 23 is recommended for active immunization for preventing pneumococcal disease caused by the 23 serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae.

• #7 Your Child’s Vaccines: Pneumococcal Vaccines (PCV, PPSV) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pneumococcal-vaccine.html

  The pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15, PCV20) and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) protect against pneumococcal infections. […] Children younger than 2 years old, adults over 65, and people with some medical conditions are at high risk for serious pneumococcal infections. These vaccines are very effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and even death. […] The pneumococcal vaccines contain only a small piece of the germ and so cannot cause pneumococcal disease.

• #8 Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007605.htm

  Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine can prevent pneumococcal disease. […] Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine helps protect against bacteria that cause pneumococcal disease. There are three pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20). […] Infants and young children usually need 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. These doses are recommended, at 2, 4, 6, and 12 – 15 months of age. […] Adults 19 through 64 years old with certain medical conditions or other risk factors who have not already received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine should receive pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. […] Adults 65 years or older who have not previously received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine should receive pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. […] Some people with certain medical conditions are also recommended to receive pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (a different type of pneumococcal vaccine, known as PPSV23).

• #8 Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007605.htm

  Risks of a Vaccine Reaction […] Redness, swelling, pain, or tenderness where the shot is given, and fever, loss of appetite, fussiness (irritability), feeling tired, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, and chills can happen after pneumococcal conjugate vaccination. […] As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other serious injury, or death.

• #9 Clinical Overview: Treatment Recommendations for Pneumococcal Disease

  https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/clinical-overview-treatment-recommendations-for-pneumococcal-disease

  Treatment for community-acquired pneumococcal disease is dependent on patient-specific factors, whereas prevention with vaccinations is dependent on age and comorbidities. […] Pneumococcal vaccines aid in protection against 100-plus serotypes of pneumococcal bacteria. […] Treatment for community-acquired pneumococcal disease is dependent on patient-specific factors such as allergies and severity of infection, whereas prevention with vaccinations is dependent on age and comorbidities. […] Vaccination recommendations for the prevention of pneumococcal disease are regularly changing, with all updates posted by the Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC). […] There are currently 4 pneumococcal vaccines approved by the FDA in the United States 3 conjugate and 1 polysaccharide vaccine.

• #10 Pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent (intramuscular route, subcutaneous route) – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/pneumococcal-vaccine-polyvalent-intramuscular-route-subcutaneous-route/description/drg-20065538

  Pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine is an active immunizing agent used to prevent infection by pneumococcal bacteria. It works by causing your body to produce its own protection (antibodies) against the disease. […] Immunization (vaccination) against pneumococcal disease is recommended for all adults and children 2 years of age and older, especially: […] This vaccine is to be administered only by or under the supervision of your doctor or other health care professional. […] The pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine will not protect you or your child against all types of pneumococcal infections. It will also not treat an active infection.

• #11 Pneumococcal 20-valent conjugate vaccine (intramuscular route) – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/pneumococcal-20-valent-conjugate-vaccine-intramuscular-route/description/drg-20516728

  Pneumococcal 20-valent conjugate vaccine is an active immunizing agent used to prevent infection caused by certain types of pneumococcal bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae). It works by causing your body to produce its own protection (antibodies) against the disease. […] This vaccine is to be given only by or under the supervision of your doctor. […] This vaccine may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. Tell your doctor right away if you have a rash, itching, a fast heartbeat, trouble breathing, trouble swallowing, or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth after receiving the vaccine. […] This vaccine will not protect you against all types of pneumococcal infections. It will also not treat an active infection. […] A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this vaccine. It is given as a shot into one of your muscles. This vaccine is given as a single dose.

• #12 Pneumococcal vaccination in autoimmune rheumatic diseases | RMD Open

  https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/3/2/e000484

  It has been established that PCVs exert higher immunogenicity compared with PPVs due to T cell-dependent immune responses leading to stronger induction of memory B cells. […] The 7-serotype PCV has been gradually removed from the market as it had limited coverage of serotypes causing serious pneumococcal infections in most developing countries. […] In June 2012, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended the routine use of PCV-13 for immunocompromised adults. […] The vaccination must be started at least 23 weeks before initiation of rituximab treatment, or 5-7 months after completion of treatment; if not possible, at least 6 months after the start and 4 weeks before the next course. […] Pneumococcal vaccinations have to be administered in a sequential manner based on the previous PPV-23 vaccination status. […] Patients with AIRD are prone to several infections, which may be a great challenge for the treating physician. Immunogenic PCV or PPV vaccines effectively reduce the risk of invasive infectious diseases and pneumonia mortality.

• #12 Pneumococcal vaccination in autoimmune rheumatic diseases | RMD Open

  https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/3/2/e000484

  Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of the community-acquired pneumonia. The mortality rate of invasive pneumococcal infections is high. Protection against infection can be improved with vaccination. After using polysaccharide vaccines (PPV-23), in July 2013, a 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) was approved for adults. Due to its conjugate form, this vaccine is the recommended choice in pneumococcal vaccine-naive patients. PCV-13 is also recommended in patients previously receiving PPV-23. Vaccination in AIRD is very important and needs deliberate scheduling to coordinate with the immunosuppressive therapy. […] This review may help practitioners to manage and prevent pneumococcal infections. […] The efficacy of pneumococcal vaccines highly depends on the coverage of the most common serotypes, as well as on their immunogenicity.

• #13 Pneumococcal: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/pneumococcal-vaccine

  An added benefit of the conjugate vaccines is that they also reduce the amount of bacteria in the vaccinated persons nose, thereby reducing the spread of pneumococcus among families and community members. […] Pneumococcus is a common cause of ear infections in infants and young children. However, other bacteria also cause ear infections in this age group. The pneumococcal vaccine prevents between 6 and 15 of every 100 ear infections caused by pneumococcus. […] Many adults are recommended to get vaccinated against pneumococcal vaccine, but they might not realize it. […] Adults 50 years and older who have not previously received a pneumococcal vaccine should get either PCV20 alone, PCV21 alone, or PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23. […] Pneumococcal bacteria still cause hundreds of cases of meningitis, bloodstream infections and pneumonia every year in the United States. Because the pneumococcal vaccine does not cause serious side effects, the benefits of the vaccine clearly outweigh its risks.

• #13 Pneumococcal: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Much like Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcal bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae) affect the most defenseless of the population (infants, toddlers and the elderly). […] A form of the pneumococcal vaccine was first introduced for use in adults in 1977; a second type of pneumococcal vaccine was introduced for all infants and young children in the United States in 2000. […] Unfortunately, children less than 2 years old don’t develop very good immune responses to the polysaccharide vaccine, so infants typically get the second type of pneumococcal vaccine. This version, called the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), is made in a manner similar to the vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib; see „How are vaccines made?”). […] The end result is that antibodies directed against the pneumococcal polysaccharides protect the child without taking the risk that their first encounter with natural pneumococcus will result in severe illness, permanent disabilities or death.

• #14 Pneumococcal Vaccines

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/immunizations/pneumococcal-vaccines/?srsltid=AfmBOorQRwu2dg7jXTqRHkNBb7ZtG_PtA4TRN3BK5hw4W1CCnk11QHoG

  Although youve been administering pneumococcal vaccines in your practice for decades, new products and evolving recommendations are leading to changes in practice implementation. […] The United States has seen a dramatic decline in invasive pneumococcal disease in both children and adults since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), which were first recommended in 2000 (polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine [PPSV] has been available since 1983). […] The AAP recommends routine pneumococcal vaccine for all infants and children 2 through 59 months of age. Depending on the vaccine(s) given, an additional dose may be recommended for children with high-risk conditions. […] PCV 20 was recommended as an option for routine pneumococcal vaccination in children in the 4 scenarios below.

• #15 Pneumococcal Vaccine: Schedule, Side Effects, and Guidelines

  https://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/pneumococcal-vaccine-1

  The pneumococcal vaccine can protect you from an infection caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus. […] The pneumococcal vaccine helps prevent several pneumococcal diseases caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae, including: Bacterial meningitis, an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord that can lead to confusion, coma, death, and other physical effects, such as blindness or paralysis; Pneumonia, an infection of your lungs that leads to cough, fever, and difficulty breathing; Otitis media, a middle ear infection that can cause pain, swelling, sleeplessness, fever, and irritability; Bacteremia, a dangerous infection in your bloodstream; Sinus infections. […] Both the PCV and PPSV vaccines are safe. […] The PCV vaccine is recommended for the following children and adults: All infants younger than 24 months should receive four doses of the vaccine, using the following schedule: First shot at 2 months; Second shot at 4 months; Third shot at 6 months; Booster at 12-15 months.

• #16 Should I Get the Pneumococcal Vaccine? 5 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/should-i-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine-5-things-to-know

  Children under 5 and adults as young as 50 can get the shot to protect against a common type of pneumonia. […] Should you get vaccinated against pneumonia? […] The new guidance is based on recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). […] So, I certainly agree with lowering the age of eligibility for the pneumococcal vaccine. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is considered safe. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is given at two stages of lifeits a routine vaccination given four times in childhood and is given again, in most cases as a one-time shot, to older people. […] The pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for the following groups: All children younger than 5 years are recommended at the following ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months; All adults ages 50 and older; Any child or adult who is at increased risk for pneumococcal disease. […] If you do get pneumococcal pneumonia, it can be treated with antibiotics. But prevention is always better than treatment, Dr. Roberts says. […] This is all preventable with the pneumococcal vaccine.

• #17 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Pneumococcal disease (eg, otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis) is caused by some of the 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci). Vaccines are directed against many of the serotypes that cause disease. Certain medical conditions (eg, chronic disorders, immunocompromising conditions, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, cochlear implants) increase the risk of pneumococcal disease. […] There are 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate and polysaccharide. […] Children up to 18 years of age should receive the pneumococcal vaccine. […] Adults age 50 years or older who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive either 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 or 1 dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23. […] Adults 19 to 49 years who have certain medical conditions or other risk factors and who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive either 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 or 1 dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23.

• #17 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  The applicable medical conditions and risk factors include the following: Alcohol use disorder, Chronic heart, lung, or liver disease, Chronic renal failure or nephrotic syndrome, Cigarette smoking, Cochlear implant, Congenital or acquired asplenia, Cerebrospinal fluid leak, Diabetes mellitus, Generalized cancer, HIV infection, Hodgkin disease, Immunodeficiency or immunosuppression, Leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma, Solid organ transplants, Sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies. […] For both adult age groups, the dose of PPSV23 should follow the dose of PCV15 by at least 1 year. […] The main contraindication for PCV15 is a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of PCV15 or to diphtheria toxoid. […] The usual dose of each vaccine is 0.5 mL IM for PCV15, PCV20, and PCV21.

• #18 Pneumococcal disease – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pneumococcal-disease-immunisation

  Immunisation can substantially reduce the risk of infection, especially in babies. […] Serious side effects or allergic reactions to the pneumococcal vaccine are rare. […] Vaccines are available to reduce the risk of pneumococcal disease. Immunisation is recommended for people in high-risk groups. […] Pneumococcal immunisation is required for people who have: no spleen or have a spleen with poor function, a weakened immune system includes people with immune deficiency, HIV infection, people receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, people who have received a transplant or people with a genetic immune deficiency, leakage of fluid from around the spine and brain (cerebrospinal fluid), cochlear implants, shunts in the brain, heart disease, lung disease (including people who smoke), diabetes, down syndrome, chronic liver disease.

• #18 Pneumococcal disease – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pneumococcal-disease-immunisation

  Some medical risk conditions for which it is recommended to receive pneumococcal immunisation do not qualify for free immunisation under the National Immunisation Program. […] Immunisation against pneumococcal disease is not usually recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Side effects from the vaccine are uncommon and usually mild, but may include: localised pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, occasionally, an injection-site lump (nodule) that may last many weeks (treatment is not needed), low-grade temperature (fever). […] Common side effects following immunisation are usually mild and temporary (occurring in the first few days after vaccination). Specific treatment is not usually required. […] There is a very small risk of a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine.

• #19 Pneumococcal vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-16-pneumococcal-vaccine.html

  Infants with risk factors for IPD (Table 1) who are 2 to less than 7 months of age should receive the Pneu-C-20 vaccine administered using a 4-dose schedule at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months, followed by a dose at 12 to 15 months of age. […] One (1) dose of Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 should be offered to all adults 65 years of age regardless of their pneumococcal vaccination status with Pneu-C-13, Pneu-C-15 or Pneu-P-23. […] Regardless of their pneumococcal vaccination history with Pneu-C-13, Pneu-C-15 or Pneu-P-23, one dose of Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 is recommended for adults with IPD risk factors (Table 1). […] Children with immunocompromising conditions should receive Pneu-C-20 and adults with immunocompromising conditions should receive either Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 vaccine. […] Pediatric HSCT recipients should be immunized with Pneu-C-20 vaccine. Adult HSCT recipients should be immunized with both Pneu-C-20 and Pneu-C-21.

• #19 Pneumococcal vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-16-pneumococcal-vaccine.html

  This chapter provides National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommendations for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines Vaxneuvance (PNEU-C-15), Prevnar20 (PNEU-C-20), and CAPVAXIVE (PNEU-C-21). […] Pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for routine immunization of infants, children and adults, as well as those at increased risk of IPD (Table 1). […] Either Pneu-C-15 or Pneu-C-20 may be used for routine immunization of healthy infants and children less than 5 years of age. […] Adults 65 years of age and older, as well as adults under 65 years of age with risk factors for IPD (Table 1) should receive 1-dose of Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 vaccine. […] Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent IPD. […] The routine immunization of infants 2 to less than 7 months of age without risk factors (Table 1), should follow the relevant provincial or territorial schedule administering Pneu-C-15 or Pneu-C-20 vaccine using a 3-dose schedule at 2 months, 4 months and 12 months of age, or a 4-dose schedule at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months followed by a dose at 12 to 15 months of age.

• #20 Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Does Not Induce Humoral Response When Administrated Within the Six Months After CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35970303/

  CD19 targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy (CAR-T) leads to B cell aplasia and low serum immunoglobulin levels. […] We characterized the effect of CAR-T on pneumococcal immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers and determine whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) administered after CAR-T develops long-term humoral protection against pneumococcus. […] PCV13 vaccination at day+90 or day+180 after CAR-T did not increase humoral protection against pneumococcus. […] Only at day+540 was there evidence of humoral protection against pneumococcus in a modest proportion of patients. […] Clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal timing of vaccination, before or after CAR-T, to develop protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

• #21 Pneumococcal Vaccines for NSCLC Patients – 1288932 | CancerGRACE

  https://cancergrace.org/forum/pneumococcal-vaccines-nsclc-patients-1288932

  We generally recommend that people immunosuppressed on chemotherapy not be vaccinated right in the middle of treatments, but rather prefer to time vaccinations to a time when they aren’t significantly immunosuppressed. It’s reasonable to discuss the timing of your particular treatment and the potential vaccine in question with your doctor. […] The choice between the two vaccines tends to be governed by age and risk factors, and there is a good summary, reviewed by the CDC, here. […] I checked with a pharmacist friend, who confirmed that the pneumococcal vaccines are not live vaccines.

• #22 Immunisations and cancer treatment | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/cancer-drugs/immunisations-and-cancer-treatment

  The pneumococcal vaccine is available at any time of the year. Check with your doctor when it is best to have it in your situation. […] Ideally, you should have the vaccine at least 4 to 6 weeks before: having your spleen removed, starting chemotherapy or radiotherapy. […] If this is impossible, you can have it up to 2 weeks before treatment. […] You could have it afterwards if you did not receive a pneumococcal vaccination before treatment. But you should wait at least 3 months after chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment has finished. You can have it 2 weeks after your spleen has been removed. […] Check with your specialist about the best time. This might vary depending on your situation. For example, people being treated for leukaemia should have pneumococcal conjugate vaccine from 6 months after chemotherapy. Those who have had a stem cell transplant should have pneumococcal conjugate vaccine around 9 to 12 months after their transplant. […] You need to have PPV every 5 years if you have had your spleen removed or your spleen is not working well.

• #23 Pneumococcal Vaccination Guidelines for Adults with Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/pneumococcal-vaccines-adults

  Pneumococcal vaccines help prevent infection by pneumococcal bacteria. This bacteria can cause pneumonia (lung infection), meningitis (inflammation in the membranes around your brain), and other serious illnesses that can cause death. […] There are 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines: Prevnar 13 and Pneumovax23. Both of these vaccines protect against multiple strains of bacteria. They are given as an injection (shot) into your muscle. […] If you have never received a pneumococcal vaccine and you are over 18 years of age, we recommend that you receive: Prevnar 13 at your next appointment with your healthcare provider. Pneumovax 23 at least 8 weeks after Prevnar 13. […] If you already received Pneumovax 23, wait 1 year before you get Prevnar 13. […] Talk with your healthcare provider if you have any questions about pneumococcal vaccines.

• #24 Influenza and Pneumonia Vaccination for Adult patients undergoing treatment for Cancer – Milton Keynes University Hospital

  https://www.mkuh.nhs.uk/patient-information-leaflet/influenza-and-pneumonia-vaccination-for-adult-patients-undergoing-treatment-for-cancer

  Pneumococcal Vaccine Your doctor might suggest that you have the pneumococcal vaccine if your immunity is low. The pneumococcal vaccine protects against pneumococcal infections. These infections could lead to illnesses, such as pneumonia or blood poisoning (septicaemia). There are two different types of pneumococcal vaccine. These are the Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). These are not live vaccines. […] You should have both vaccines (PCV then PPV 2 months later) if: you have severe low immunity, for example you have acute or chronic leukaemia you are to have your spleen removed (a splenectomy) or your spleen is not working well. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is available at any time of the year. Check with your doctor when it is best to have it in your situation. Generally, it is advised that you have the vaccine at least 2 weeks before starting chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy. If you have already started treatment, discuss with your Doctor but usually this can be given the week before your next cycle of treatment. If you did not receive a pneumococcal vaccination before treatment, you can have it after completion but you should wait at least 3 months after your cancer treatment has finished or 6 months after stem cell transplant. The flu pneumococcal vaccines are both intramuscular injections therefore if you have a low Platelet count, are on blood thinning medication or have a clotting problem the timing for your vaccination may vary and will need to be discussed and coordinated with your treatment. Your platelet count must be greater than 30 for you to receive an intramuscular injection. Adults who are severely immunocompromised (including anyone with leukaemia, myeloma or genetic disorders affecting the immune system or after bone marrow transplant) usually have a single dose of PCV followed by PPV.

• #25 Pneumococcal Immunisation. Vaccine information; side effects

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/immunisation/pneumococcal-immunisation

  Pneumococcal vaccine side-effects are mild. Many people have no problems at all. Mild soreness and a lump at the injection site sometimes occur. A mild high temperature (fever) may develop for a day or so. These side-effects are usually minor and soon go away. […] The vaccine may be given to pregnant women when the need for protection is required without delay. It is safe to have if you are breastfeeding.

• #26 Pneumonia Vaccine Side Effects in Babies and Adults

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pneumonia-vaccine-side-effects

  There are two vaccines available for pneumococcal disease: […] PCV13 is recommended for: […] PPSV23 is effective against the pneumococcal strains included in the vaccine. However, effectiveness may be lower in individuals that are ages 75 or older and people with underlying health conditions. […] Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended for the following groups: […] Be sure to speak with your doctor about which pneumococcal vaccine is right for you or your child. […] Side effects of the vaccine are often mild and resolve in a few days. In very rare cases, a severe allergic reaction may occur. […] Be sure to talk with your doctor about which pneumococcal vaccine is appropriate for you or your child.

• #27 Pneumococcal Vaccine (Pneumovax 23): Benefits

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/18520-pneumococcal-vaccine-polyvalent-solution-for-injection

  The pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax 23) prevents pneumococcus bacterial infections. These vaccines help the body to produce antibodies (protective substances) that help your body defend against these bacteria. This vaccine is recommended for people 2 years of age and older with health problems. It is also recommended for all adults over 50 years old. This vaccine will not treat an infection. […] This vaccine is for injection into a muscle or under the skin. It is given by a health care professional. […] Mild fever and pain should go away in 3 days or less. Report any unusual symptoms to your doctor or health care professional. […] Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible: allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.

• #28 Treatment of Frozen Shoulder following Pneumococcal Vaccination with Steroid Injections: A Case Report

  https://acquaintpublications.com/article/treatment_of_frozen_shoulder_following_pneumococcal_vaccination_with_steroid_injections_a_case_report

  Treatment of Frozen Shoulder following Pneumococcal Vaccination with Steroid Injections: A Case Report […] Adhesive capsulitis status post pneumococcal vaccination […] A 66-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of new-onset pain and decreased range of motion in his left shoulder that began the day after he received the pneumococcal vaccine. […] Adhesive capsulitis has been reported as a side effect of intramuscular injections of pneumococcal vaccines. […] Treatment options range from more conservative nonmedical ones, including physical therapy, range of motion exercises, and progressive activity, to medical interventions such as NSAIDs, diclofenac gel, and steroid injections. […] This case report describes the successful treatment of a patient with adhesive capsulitis induced by pneumococcal vaccine injection with intra-articular corticosteroid injections. […] This suggests that corticosteroid injection in the early freezing phase can effectively treat patients with limited response to physical therapy and NSAIDs. […] Pain relief in patients with adhesive capsulitis following corticosteroid injections was documented in a systematic search and review, which included 7 prospective studies, 16 randomized trials, and 2 retrospective studies. […] As seen with this patient, steroid injections may be beneficial in treating adhesive capsulitis in some patient populations.

• #29 Centre for Health Protection – Frequently Asked Questions on Pneumococcal Vaccination

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/features/100770.html

  Severe allergic reaction following a prior dose of pneumococcal vaccine or to the vaccine component or any diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine is a contraindication to further doses of vaccine. […] Minor illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infections are not contraindications to vaccination. Vaccination may also be deferred until symptoms subside in case of any worry. […] The Government’s Pneumococcal Vaccination Programme provides free or subsidised pneumoccal vaccination for persons aged 65 years or above. […] If elderly with high-risk conditions do not have a documented vaccination history (e.g. vaccination card and electronic record) for pneumococcal vaccine, they should trace record from clinics receiving previous dose of pneumococcal vaccine.

• #29 Centre for Health Protection – Frequently Asked Questions on Pneumococcal Vaccination

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/features/100770.html

  How can pneumococcal infections be treated? […] The treatment of pneumococcal infections usually involves the use of antibiotic(s). But there is a problem of increasing resistance of the bacterium to antibiotics, which makes prevention of pneumococcal infections important. […] Pneumococcal vaccination is one of the most effective means of preventing pneumococcal diseases. […] There are different types of pneumococcal vaccines available in the market, such as 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15), 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV). […] The Government’s Pneumococcal Vaccination Programme will continue throughout the year, providing free or subsidised pneumococcal vaccination for eligible elderly aged 65 years or above.

• #30 Pneumococcal Vaccination | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/pneumococcal-vaccination

  There are very few contra-indications to the giving of pneumococcal vaccine. The vaccine should not be given to individuals who have had a confirmed anaphylactic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine or to any component of the vaccine. […] The only adverse reactions likely to be encountered with either vaccine are mild soreness and induration at the injection site, which can last up to three days, and a low-grade fever, which may less commonly occur.

• #31 Pneumococcal Vaccine: Types, Schedule, and Side Effects

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/pneumococcal-vaccine-7105971

  Pneumococcal vaccines are the most effective way to protect yourself or your child against pneumococcal disease, and may help prevent infections including ear infections, pneumonia (lung infection), blood infection, and meningitis (infection of the brain lining). […] The best way to reduce your risk of pneumococcal disease is vaccination. […] Pneumococcal vaccination in children significantly reduces invasive disease (one study showed it reduced invasive disease by 97%), as well as ear infections and pneumonia. […] Routine infant vaccination also reduces transmission of the serotypes (variations) of the type of bacteria covered by the vaccines. This can help reduce transmission to those who are unvaccinated. […] Pneumococcal vaccines should offer ongoing protection, perhaps for life. The need for an additional pneumococcal vaccine depends on the type of vaccine a person has received and their underlying medical conditions.

• #32 Researchers Studying Pneumococcal Pneumonia Vaccine for Older Adults | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/infectious-diseases/other-infections/researchers-studying-pneumococcal-pneumonia-vaccine-for-older-adults/

  Researchers at Saint Louis University are participating in a multi-site, National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trial in older adults of a new vaccine designed to protect against pneumococcal pneumonia and related diseases such as bloodstream infections and meningitis. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 300,000 people are hospitalized for pneumonia in the United States annually. Many strains of pneumococcal pneumonia resist treatment from antibiotics, making an effective vaccination program a preferable option for keeping people from getting pneumococcal infections. […] Two FDA-approved vaccines protect against many diseases caused by pneumococcal bacteria, but only one can protect from pneumonia. […] The PPV23 (23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine) has been used for 30 years to protect against invasive pneumococcal illnesses, such as meningitis or blood stream infections, but doesn’t prevent pneumonia, which is a much more common disease.

• #32 Researchers Studying Pneumococcal Pneumonia Vaccine for Older Adults | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/infectious-diseases/other-infections/researchers-studying-pneumococcal-pneumonia-vaccine-for-older-adults/

  A newer vaccine, approved by the FDA last year, PCV13 Prevnar (13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) protects against 13 strains of pneumococcal disease including pneumonia, as well as more invasive infections. […] However, the PCV13 vaccine doesn’t evoke a strong immune response in adults who previously received the older PPV23 vaccine. […] The new vaccine is better at preventing pneumonia if you haven’t had the old vaccine, George said. […] We need to determine whether or not doubling the dose of PCV13 will overcome any anticipated decreased immune response in those who have received the PPV23 vaccine. […] Approximately 175 older adults are expected to participate in this study at Saint Louis University’s Center for Vaccine Development, one of eight Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the NIH.

• #33 Pneumonia Vaccine: What You Need to Know

  https://www.webmd.com/vaccines/pneumococcal-vaccine-schedule

  The good news is the pneumonia vaccine isnt like the flu vaccine. Most people only have to get the pneumonia vaccine once, and it will protect them for life. But if you’re older than 65, you may need two shots. Some people with certain health conditions may also require a second vaccine, so talk to your doctor if you think you might be at high risk. […] The pneumonia vaccine is given to children younger than 5 in a four-dose series. […] Like all vaccines, pneumonia vaccines work by stimulating your immune system to fight off the bacteria that causes pneumonia. […] You cannot get pneumonia from the vaccine. The shots only contain an extract of the pneumonia bacteria, not the live bacteria that cause the illness. […] The pneumonia vaccine, also known as the pneumococcal vaccine, helps prevent infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, or pneumococcus. The pneumonia vaccine cant prevent all cases, but it can lower your chances of catching the infection. People aged 50 or older, children younger than 5, and adults aged 19-49 with a weakened immune system should all get the pneumonia vaccine. One vaccine will last your lifetime, and side effects are minimal. […] Most people only need to get one pneumonia vaccine, and it lasts for a lifetime. High-risk groups, such as older adults or immunocompromised individuals, may need additional doses.

• #34 Pneumonia Symptoms, Vaccine, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/how_long_does_the_pneumonia_vaccine_last/article_em.htm

  It is unknown how long the PCV13 vaccine lasts, however, revaccination with the PCV13 vaccine is not recommended for any age or risk group. The PPSV23 vaccine lasts between five to 10 years. Effectiveness starts to wane after five to seven years, and the antibody response reaches near pre-vaccination levels at about 10 years. Revaccination with the PPSV23 vaccine is recommended in patients with impaired splenic function, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, and cochlear implants, or other head, neck, or spinal defects that may result in communication with the subarachnoid space: revaccinate every five to seven years; in patients who have immunocompromising conditions: revaccinate every five to 10 years; for all other at-risk individuals: revaccinate every 10 years.

• #35 Pneumococcal Disease – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/pneumococcal/

  Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended for: […] In the US, there are 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines (conjugate and polysaccharide) currently available. […] Vaccine recommendations vary by age and risk group. […] Talk with a healthcare professional about pneumococcal vaccination. […] Antibiotics are used to treat pneumococcal disease. […] However, pneumococcal bacteria can be resistant to treatment with 1 or more antibiotics commonly used for treatment. […] In serious infections, treatment may start with a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which works against a wide range of bacteria. […] After testing, once more is known about the specific bacteria the patient has, a more targeted antibiotic may be selected.

• #36 Pneumococcal Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24231-pneumococcal-disease

  Pneumococcal disease is an infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as pneumococcus). It causes contagious and potentially severe illness, including pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis, so early diagnosis and treatment is important. Vaccines are the best protection against developing infection. […] Treatment typically involves antibiotics. Vaccines can reduce the risk of infection, especially in young children and older adults. Talk to a healthcare provider about the immunizations that are appropriate for you and your family. […] Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can treat most pneumococcal infections. The length of time needed for treatment and the type of antibiotic may be different depending on where the infection is or how serious the infection is. Severe infection may sometimes result in chronic (long-term) illness, disability or death.

• #36 Pneumococcal Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24231-pneumococcal-disease

  Healthcare providers typically use antibiotics to treat bacterial infections such as pneumococcal disease. Your provider may have to try several antibiotics because the bacteria have become resistant to certain medications (this means some medications no longer kill the bacteria). […] Getting vaccinated is the most effective way to reduce your risk of developing pneumococcal disease. Vaccines are currently recommended for: Children younger than 2. (Its currently part of the standard immunization schedule for babies and children in the United States). […] Pneumococcal vaccines are safe and dont cause pneumococcal disease. Side effects are uncommon, typically mild and should go away within two days. They may include pain, swelling or tenderness where you received the shot. Rarely, you experience symptoms like muscle aches, joint pain or fever. Ask your provider any questions you may have about vaccine safety. […] You can also protect yourself and your loved ones from pneumococcal disease by taking one important step getting the pneumococcal vaccine. Ask a healthcare provider about how vaccination can keep you and your loved ones healthy and safe.

• #37 Care and Treatment Options for Pneumonia | American Geriatrics Society | HealthInAging.org

  https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/pneumonia/care-treatment

  Older adults over the age of 65 should get the pneumococcal vaccine. […] The pneumococcal vaccines can prevent pneumonia. If you do get pneumonia and you are vaccinated, you are less likely to get very sick. […] Two kinds of pneumococcal vaccines are available: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV13, PCV15, or PCV20) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] These vaccines protect against most types of pneumococcal bacteria. Ask your healthcare professional which vaccine is best for you. […] For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics should be chosen depending upon your risk factors. […] Often such pneumonia is treated with high dose of antibiotics. […] Your healthcare provider can provide information on risks and benefits of using high dose antibiotics. […] When the source of infection is not clear, often multiple antibiotics may be needed to cover all types of infection. […] Treatment can be more targeted once you have results from diagnostic tests. […] For hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia, multiple specialists are often involved in the treatment.

• #38 Pneumococcal vaccine support

  https://www.gavi.org/types-support/vaccine-support/pneumococcal

  Safe and affordable vaccines are the most effective way to prevent pneumococcal infection. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all countries introduce pneumococcal vaccines into their routine immunisation programmes, and that all children receive three doses of pneumococcal vaccine. This is particularly important in countries with high levels of pneumonia and high child mortality rates. […] Gavi, the World Bank and donors launched the Pneumococcal Advance Market Commitment (AMC) in 2009 to stimulate the development and manufacture of new vaccines for lower-income countries. The AMC has helped countries access more affordable pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) adapted to their epidemiology. […] The AMC gave manufacturers an incentive to invest in finalising the development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines that protect against more serotypes.

• #39 FDA Approves Merck’s Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/products-treatment/industry-regulatory-news/fda-approvals/fda-approves-mercks-pneumococcal-vaccine-adults/

  FDA Approves Mercks Pneumococcal Vaccine for AdultsFDA Approves Mercks Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults […] The vaccine covers serotypes responsible for approximately 84% of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults 50 years of age and older. […] The FDA approved Mercks Capvaxive, a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, designed to protect adults against serotypes causing the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia. […] Capvaxive is specifically designed to help protect adults against the serotypes that cause the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease cases. […] The vaccine is for: […] Active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15B, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older;

• #39 FDA Approves Merck’s Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/products-treatment/industry-regulatory-news/fda-approvals/fda-approves-mercks-pneumococcal-vaccine-adults/

  Active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older. […] The indication for the prevention of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B is approved under accelerated approval based on immune responses as measured by opsonophagocytic activity. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial. […] Capvaxive is designed to include the serotypes that cause the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults, helping to protect adults against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia.

• #40 U.S. FDA Approves CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Prevention of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/u-s-fda-approves-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-prevention-of-invasive-pneumococcal-disease-and-pneumococcal-pneumonia-in-adults/

  CAPVAXIVE (V116) is specifically designed for adults and covers serotypes responsible for approximately 84% of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults 50 years of age and older. […] Across four Phase 3 studies, CAPVAXIVE demonstrated robust immune responses in both vaccine-nave and vaccine-experienced adult populations. […] CAPVAXIVE is specifically designed to help protect adults against the serotypes that cause the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases. […] This indication for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F and 35B is approved under accelerated approval based on immune responses as measured by opsonophagocytic activity (OPA). […] CAPVAXIVE is designed to include the serotypes that cause the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults, helping to protect adults against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia.

• #40 U.S. FDA Approves CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Prevention of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/u-s-fda-approves-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-prevention-of-invasive-pneumococcal-disease-and-pneumococcal-pneumonia-in-adults/

  Based on CDC data from 2018-2021, the serotypes covered by CAPVAXIVE are responsible for more cases of IPD in adults compared to PCV20 (pneumococcal 20-valent conjugate vaccine). […] CAPVAXIVE includes eight unique serotypes not covered by other currently approved pneumococcal vaccines; those serotypes were responsible for approximately 27% of IPD cases in adults 50 years of age and older and approximately 30% in adults 65 years of age and older, based on the same CDC data. […] CAPVAXIVE is Mercks approved 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia in adults 18 years of age and older. […] CAPVAXIVE was approved based on data that included Phase 3 clinical studies designed to evaluate its safety and immunogenicity in a variety of adult populations. […] Vaccination with CAPVAXIVE may not protect all vaccine recipients.

• #41 Merck’s Pneumococcal Vaccine Claims FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation – BioSpace

  https://www.biospace.com/merck-s-pneumococcal-vaccine-scores-fda-breakthrough-therapy-designation

  The FDA granted Mercks investigational 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (V116) for IPD and pneumococcal pneumonia Breakthrough Therapy Designation. […] The vaccine is for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal pneumonia. […] The company plans to initiate Phase III trials for V116 later this year. […] The Breakthrough Therapy Designation was developed to expedite the development and review of drugs and therapies for serious or life-threatening conditions. […] V116 is specifically designed to address strains of disease-causing pneumococcal bacteria that are most prevalent in adults, reflecting our population-specific approach to developing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. […] Vaxneuvance and V116, are pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, utilizing materials from 15 (or 21) different strains of the bacteria.

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