Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pneumococcal Vaccine – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507794/

  The advent of pneumococcal vaccines has proven to be a significant advancement in treating and preventing a widespread and sometimes deadly disease process. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines that work against the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. These vaccines come in 2 formulations: polysaccharide vaccine and conjugate vaccine. […] The ACIP suggests either PCV20 alone or PCV15 in series with PPSV23 for adults 65 and older and 19 to 64 years with risk factors or underlying medical conditions. […] Both vaccines promote active immunization against the serotypes of the conjugate and capsular polysaccharides contained in the formulation of the vaccine. Immunity develops approximately 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination and lasts 5 years. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is safe and effective and can help reduce the risk of infection with certain types of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis.

• #2 Vaccination for the Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/vaccination-for-the-prevention-of-pneumococcal-disease

  Pneumococcal infections cause an estimated 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, and 500,000 cases of pneumonia annually. […] Vaccination appears to be the most effective strategy for preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), especially since treatment is hampered by the increasing resistance to available antibiotics. […] Vaccination remains the primary preventative strategy for CAP in the elderly. […] Routine immunization with the polysaccharide conjugate vaccine has reduced the risk of invasive S pneumoniae infection in young children by 90% and indirectly decreased the incidence in older adults. […] Despite CDC recommendations, most patients, especially elderly ones, do not obtain the appropriate vaccinations. […] The vaccine currently available in the U.S., Pneumovax 23, contains 25 mcg of each antigen per dose and 0.25% phenol as a preservative.

• #3 Pneumococcal Vaccine – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507794/

  The advent of pneumococcal vaccines has proven to be a significant advancement in treating and preventing a widespread and sometimes deadly disease process. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines that work against the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. These vaccines come in 2 formulations: polysaccharide vaccine and conjugate vaccine. […] The ACIP suggests either PCV20 alone or PCV15 in series with PPSV23 for adults 65 and older and 19 to 64 years with risk factors or underlying medical conditions. […] Both vaccines promote active immunization against the serotypes of the conjugate and capsular polysaccharides contained in the formulation of the vaccine. Immunity develops approximately 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination and lasts 5 years. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is safe and effective and can help reduce the risk of infection with certain types of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis.

• #4

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/health-blog/june-2022/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), sometimes known as pneumococcus, which is a vaccine-preventable disease. Pneumococcal disease can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle or avoiding contact with the patient. Moreover, vaccination is the recommended way to reduce the risk of infection. […] There are 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines available in Thailand which cover different types of bacteria: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10, PCV13, PCV15 and PCV20) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] Never administer two types of pneumococcal vaccines in the same visit. If a decision to administer PCV13 or PCV15 is made, it should be administered before PPSV23. […] For children, all children younger than 5 years old should be given 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13/15/20) at ages 2, 4, 6, and 12 through 15 months. […] For adults, pneumococcal vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic has become more important than ever.

• #5 Pneumococcal vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_vaccine

  Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Their use can prevent some cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under the skin. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the conjugate vaccine in the routine immunizations given to children. This includes those with HIV/AIDS. The recommended three or four doses are between 71 and 93% effective at preventing severe pneumococcal disease. […] These vaccines are generally safe. With the conjugate vaccine about 10% of babies develop redness at the site of injection, fever, or change in sleep. Severe allergies are very rare. […] Pneumococcal vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP) is a program to accelerate the evaluation and access to new pneumococcal vaccines in the developing world. PneumoADIP aims to save 5.4 million children by 2030.

• #6 Pneumococcal vaccination in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pneumococcal-vaccination-in-adults

  Pneumococcal vaccination is an important preventive health care measure that substantially reduces the burden of pneumococcal disease in vaccinated individuals and in the population. Pneumococcal vaccination is indicated for adults with risk factors for pneumococcal disease or for severe adverse outcomes should disease occur. Pneumococcal vaccination is also a routine part of infant and childhood immunization schedules worldwide. […] This topic will review types of pneumococcal vaccines, indications and approach to vaccine selection, safety of vaccination, and rationale for vaccination. […] Two types of pneumococcal vaccines are available for clinical use: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). […] PPSV is composed of partially purified pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. The only available formulation contains 23 pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPSV23; Pneumovax or Pnu-Immune) from the 23 serotypes that were the most common cause of pneumococcal disease in adults in the 1980s. […] However, it remains uncertain whether a conjugate vaccine is truly more effective than PPSV in adults.

• #7 Pneumococcal vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-16-pneumococcal-vaccine.html

  This chapter provides National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommendations for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines Vaxneuvance (PNEU-C-15), Prevnar20 (PNEU-C-20), and CAPVAXIVE (PNEU-C-21). […] Pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for routine immunization of infants, children and adults, as well as those at increased risk of IPD (Table 1). […] Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent IPD. […] One (1) dose of Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 should be offered to all adults 65 years of age regardless of their pneumococcal vaccination status with Pneu-C-13, Pneu-C-15 or Pneu-P-23. […] Regardless of their pneumococcal vaccination history with Pneu-C-13, Pneu-C-15 or Pneu-P-23, one dose of Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 is recommended for adults with IPD risk factors (Table 1).

• #8 Immunizations: Pneumococcal Disease (Streptococcus Pneumoniae) | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/immunization/pneumo.htm

  Pneumococcal disease is a name for any infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. […] The best way to prevent pneumococcal disease is to get vaccinated. […] Vaccines are the best way to prevent pneumococcal disease. […] There are two safe and effective pneumococcal vaccines available in the United States: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV13, PCV15, or PCV20) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] All children younger than 2 years old and all adults 65 years or older should get vaccinated. […] It’s important to get an influenza vaccine every year because having the flu increases your chance of getting pneumococcal disease. […] It’s best to prevent pneumococcal infections through vaccination, rather than depend on antibiotic treatment after getting infected.

• #9 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Pneumococcal disease (eg, otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis) is caused by some of the 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci). Vaccines are directed against many of the serotypes that cause disease. Certain medical conditions (eg, chronic disorders, immunocompromising conditions, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, cochlear implants) increase the risk of pneumococcal disease. […] Children up to 18 years of age should receive the pneumococcal vaccine. […] Adults age 50 years or older who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive either 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 or 1 dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23. […] Adults 19 to 49 years who have certain medical conditions or other risk factors and who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive either 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 or 1 dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23.

• #10 Immunizations for Preventable Diseases in Adults and Adolescents with HIV: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/immunizations

  Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are available, including PCV15, PCV20, and PCV21. […] For all people with HIV without a history of pneumococcal vaccination or with unknown vaccine history: Administer either 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) or PCV15. […] If PCV15 is used, administer a dose of PPSV23 at least 8 weeks later. […] For people with HIV who previously started or completed a pneumococcal vaccination series, there is no need to restart the series. […] People with HIV who received PCV13 and were 65 years or older when they received a dose of PPSV23 do not require further doses of PPSV23. […] Shared clinical decision-making is recommended regarding administration of PCV20 for adults aged 65 years who completed their vaccine series with both PCV13 and PPSV23.

• #11 Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for children younger than 5 years and adults 50 years or older. […] CDC also recommends pneumococcal vaccination for children and adults at increased risk for pneumococcal disease. […] Follow the recommended immunization schedule to ensure that your patients get the pneumococcal vaccines that they need. […] CDC recommends routine pneumococcal vaccination for all children younger than 5 years old. […] Administer PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21 for all adults 50 years or older. […] If PCV15 is used, administer a dose of PPSV23 one year later, if needed. […] If PCV20 or PCV21 is used, a dose of PPSV23 isn’t indicated. […] Based on shared clinical decision-making, adults 65 years or older have the option to get PCV20 or PCV21, or to not get additional pneumococcal vaccines. […] In certain situations, children 2 through 18 years of age may need additional pneumococcal vaccine doses. […] Adults younger than age 50 years of age may be recommended to receive pneumococcal vaccines.

• #12 Pneumonia (Pneumococcal) Vaccine | Walgreens

  https://www.walgreens.com/topic/pharmacy/scheduler/pneumonia-vaccine_2.jsp

  Schedule your vaccine today. […] Vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease, which is defined as any type of illness caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. […] The CDC recommends Prevnar 20 (PCV20) or Vaxneuvance (PCV15) for all infants as a series of 4 doses (1 dose at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months). […] The CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for adults 19 through 49 years old who have certain chronic medical conditions or other risk factors. […] The CDC recommends the pneumococcal vaccine for all adults 50 years and older who have not received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine before or if their previous vaccine history is unknown. […] Children younger than 2 years old should not get Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23). […] Anyone who has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to the pneumococcal vaccine or to any component of the vaccine should not get another dose. […] Pregnant women should consult with their OB/GYN before getting vaccinated. […] It’s extremely rare for these vaccines to cause serious harm or death.

• #13

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Pneumococcal-Conjugate-Vaccine-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx

  Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine can prevent pneumococcal disease. […] Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine helps protect against bacteria that cause pneumococcal disease. […] Infants and young children usually need 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. […] Adults 19 through 64 years old with certain medical conditions or other risk factors who have not already received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine should receive pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. […] Adults 65 years or older who have not previously received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine should receive pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. […] Some people with certain medical conditions are also recommended to receive pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (a different type of pneumococcal vaccine, known as PPSV23). […] Some adults who have previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine may be recommended to receive another pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

• #14

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/health-blog/june-2022/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), sometimes known as pneumococcus, which is a vaccine-preventable disease. Pneumococcal disease can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle or avoiding contact with the patient. Moreover, vaccination is the recommended way to reduce the risk of infection. […] There are 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines available in Thailand which cover different types of bacteria: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10, PCV13, PCV15 and PCV20) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] Never administer two types of pneumococcal vaccines in the same visit. If a decision to administer PCV13 or PCV15 is made, it should be administered before PPSV23. […] For children, all children younger than 5 years old should be given 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13/15/20) at ages 2, 4, 6, and 12 through 15 months. […] For adults, pneumococcal vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic has become more important than ever.

• #15 Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for children younger than 5 years and adults 50 years or older. […] CDC also recommends pneumococcal vaccination for children and adults at increased risk for pneumococcal disease. […] Follow the recommended immunization schedule to ensure that your patients get the pneumococcal vaccines that they need. […] CDC recommends routine pneumococcal vaccination for all children younger than 5 years old. […] Administer PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21 for all adults 50 years or older. […] If PCV15 is used, administer a dose of PPSV23 one year later, if needed. […] If PCV20 or PCV21 is used, a dose of PPSV23 isn’t indicated. […] Based on shared clinical decision-making, adults 65 years or older have the option to get PCV20 or PCV21, or to not get additional pneumococcal vaccines. […] In certain situations, children 2 through 18 years of age may need additional pneumococcal vaccine doses. […] Adults younger than age 50 years of age may be recommended to receive pneumococcal vaccines.

• #16 Pneumococcal vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-16-pneumococcal-vaccine.html

  Children with immunocompromising conditions should receive Pneu-C-20 and adults with immunocompromising conditions should receive either Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 vaccine. […] Pediatric HSCT recipients should be immunized with Pneu-C-20 vaccine. Adult HSCT recipients should be immunized with both Pneu-C-20 and Pneu-C-21. […] During outbreaks of pneumococcal infection due to Pneu-C vaccine serotypes, immunization with Pneu-C vaccine should be provided according to the recommended schedule to children who have not been adequately immunized with Pneu-C vaccine.

• #17 Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for children younger than 5 years and adults 50 years or older. […] CDC also recommends pneumococcal vaccination for children and adults at increased risk for pneumococcal disease. […] Follow the recommended immunization schedule to ensure that your patients get the pneumococcal vaccines that they need. […] CDC recommends routine pneumococcal vaccination for all children younger than 5 years old. […] Administer PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21 for all adults 50 years or older. […] If PCV15 is used, administer a dose of PPSV23 one year later, if needed. […] If PCV20 or PCV21 is used, a dose of PPSV23 isn’t indicated. […] Based on shared clinical decision-making, adults 65 years or older have the option to get PCV20 or PCV21, or to not get additional pneumococcal vaccines. […] In certain situations, children 2 through 18 years of age may need additional pneumococcal vaccine doses. […] Adults younger than age 50 years of age may be recommended to receive pneumococcal vaccines.

• #18 Should I Get the Pneumococcal Vaccine? 5 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/should-i-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine-5-things-to-know

  Children under 5 and adults as young as 50 can get the shot to protect against a common type of pneumonia. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is considered safe. The most common side effects are drowsiness, fever, headache, loss of appetite, and a sore or swollen arm from the shot, all of which are mild and last no more than a day or two. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is given at two stages of lifeits a routine vaccination given four times in childhood and is given again, in most cases as a one-time shot, to older people. […] The pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for the following groups: All children younger than 5 years are recommended at the following ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months; All adults ages 50 and older; Any child or adult who is at increased risk for pneumococcal disease.

• #19 CDC’S ACIP Recommends Merck’s CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/cdcs-acip-recommends-mercks-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-pneumococcal-vaccination-in-adults-50-years-of-age-and-older/

  CDCS ACIP Recommends Mercks CAPVAXIVE (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older. […] Age-based recommendations for adult pneumococcal vaccination lowered from 65 to 50 years of age and older. […] National-level CDC surveillance data shows CAPVAXIVE covers the serotypes responsible for approximately 84% of invasive pneumococcal disease cases, compared to approximately 52% covered by PCV20. […] The updated ACIP guidelines recommend a single dose of CAPVAXIVE for: Adults 50 years of age and older who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose previous vaccination history is unknown; Adults 19-49 years of age with certain underlying medical conditions or other risk factors who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose previous vaccination history is unknown; Adults 19 years of age and older who have started their pneumococcal vaccine series with PCV13 (pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine) but have not received all recommended PPSV23 (pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine) doses.

• #20 Pneumococcal vaccine recommended age lowered to 50 from 65, CDC says : NPR

  https://www.npr.org/2024/10/24/nx-s1-5163216/pneumonia-vaccine-recommendation-50-cdc

  For the first time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has lowered the recommended age for those who should get a pneumococcal vaccine down to 50, from 65. […] „Lowering the age for pneumococcal vaccination gives more adults the opportunity to protect themselves from pneumococcal disease at the age when risk of infection substantially increases,” the CDC said in a statement. […] „Pneumococcal bacteria can also cause serious illnesses, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections, and older adults are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease.” […] There are currently two types of vaccines aimed at preventing pneumonia available in the United States. There are four vaccines in the U.S. that target 15 or more strains of pneumococcal bacteria.

• #21 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Pneumococcal disease (eg, otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis) is caused by some of the 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci). Vaccines are directed against many of the serotypes that cause disease. Certain medical conditions (eg, chronic disorders, immunocompromising conditions, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, cochlear implants) increase the risk of pneumococcal disease. […] Children up to 18 years of age should receive the pneumococcal vaccine. […] Adults age 50 years or older who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive either 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 or 1 dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23. […] Adults 19 to 49 years who have certain medical conditions or other risk factors and who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive either 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 or 1 dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23.

• #22 The Medical Letter Home Page | The Medical Letter, Inc.

  https://secure.medicalletter.org/taxonomy/term/7720

  The FDA has licensed Capvaxive (PCV21; Merck), a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. […] The FDA has licensed two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults: Prevnar 20 (PCV20; Pfizer), which contains antigens from 20 serotypes of pneumococcus, and Vaxneuvance (PCV15; Merck), which contains antigens from 15 serotypes. […] In 2014, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that all adults 65 years old and older being vaccinated against pneumococcus for the first time receive the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed 6 to 12 months later by the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) now recommends routine immunization with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13; Prevnar 13), in addition to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; Pneumovax 23), for all adults 65 years old. […] A 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; Pneumovax 23 – Merck) is the only pneumococcal vaccine approved for use in adults. It has reduced the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (meningitis or bacteremic pneumonia), but not mortality, in immunocompetent older adults.

• #23 Immunizations for Preventable Diseases in Adults and Adolescents with HIV: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/immunizations

  Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are available, including PCV15, PCV20, and PCV21. […] For all people with HIV without a history of pneumococcal vaccination or with unknown vaccine history: Administer either 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) or PCV15. […] If PCV15 is used, administer a dose of PPSV23 at least 8 weeks later. […] For people with HIV who previously started or completed a pneumococcal vaccination series, there is no need to restart the series. […] People with HIV who received PCV13 and were 65 years or older when they received a dose of PPSV23 do not require further doses of PPSV23. […] Shared clinical decision-making is recommended regarding administration of PCV20 for adults aged 65 years who completed their vaccine series with both PCV13 and PPSV23.

• #24 Pneumococcal Disease and Vaccine | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases-and-vaccines/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent pneumococcal disease. There are two approved pneumococcal vaccine types in the United States. Additionally, getting the flu vaccine every year reduces the chance of getting pneumococcal disease. […] The United States uses two different types of pneumococcal vaccines to help protect against pneumococcal disease: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] For children: Children younger than 5 years old should get PCV15 or PCV20. Children 5 through 18 years old with certain medical conditions. […] For adults: Adults 50 years and older should receive PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21. Adults 19 through 49 years of age and have certain medical conditions should receive PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21. Adults receiving PCV15 should receive a follow-up dose of PPSV23.

• #25 CDC’S ACIP Recommends Merck’s CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/cdcs-acip-recommends-mercks-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-pneumococcal-vaccination-in-adults-50-years-of-age-and-older/

  CDCS ACIP Recommends Mercks CAPVAXIVE (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older. […] Age-based recommendations for adult pneumococcal vaccination lowered from 65 to 50 years of age and older. […] National-level CDC surveillance data shows CAPVAXIVE covers the serotypes responsible for approximately 84% of invasive pneumococcal disease cases, compared to approximately 52% covered by PCV20. […] The updated ACIP guidelines recommend a single dose of CAPVAXIVE for: Adults 50 years of age and older who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose previous vaccination history is unknown; Adults 19-49 years of age with certain underlying medical conditions or other risk factors who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose previous vaccination history is unknown; Adults 19 years of age and older who have started their pneumococcal vaccine series with PCV13 (pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine) but have not received all recommended PPSV23 (pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine) doses.

• #26

  https://reverehealth.com/live-better/make-prevention-a-priority-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine/

  Pneumococcal disease is highly contagious and can be dangerous for certain populations. Thats why vaccination is critical. It is the most effective way to prevent pneumococcal disease. […] The vaccine is especially important for people who have lung conditions (like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) because they are more susceptible to complications from pneumococcal disease. […] There are currently two vaccines available to prevent pneumococcal disease: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend PCV13 and PPSV23 to people who are 65 and older and people with certain health conditions and habits, including: Chronic heart, liver, kidney or lung diseases, Diabetes, Alcoholism, Cigarette smoking, Cochlear implants, Cerebrospinal fluid leaks, Conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or cancer.

• #27 Pneumococcal Vaccine Monograph for Professionals – Drugs.com

  https://www.drugs.com/monograph/pneumococcal-vaccine.html

  Adults ≥50 years of age, including immunocompetent adults, are at increased risk for pneumococcal infection and should be routinely vaccinated against the disease with a single dose of PCV20 (Prevnar 20) or a sequential regimen of PCV15 (Vaxneuvance) followed by PPSV23 (Pneumovax 23) at least 1 year later. […] HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease and should be vaccinated against the disease according to recommendations. […] Cochlear implant recipients are also at substantially increased risk for pneumococcal meningitis and should be vaccinated against the disease according to recommendations. […] The manufacturer of PCV13 (Prevnar 13) states that effectiveness of the vaccine has not been established in premature infants, children with sickle cell disease, individuals with hematopoietic stem cell transplant, or in adults with HIV infection. The manufacturer of PCV15 (Vaxneuvance) states that effectiveness of the vaccine has not been established in premature infants, children with sickle cell disease, and children and adults with HIV infection.

• #28 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  People 19 to 49 years old who have certain conditions or risk factors, have not previously received a conjugate vaccine, and whose vaccination history is unknown should receive either 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 or 1 dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23. […] People 19 to 49 years old who have any of the following should receive pneumococcal vaccine: Chronic kidney disease or nephrotic syndrome, Cerebrospinal fluid leak, A weakened immune system, Dysfunctional spleen, Cochlear implant, Chronic heart, lung, or liver disorder, Diabetes, Alcohol use disorder, Cigarette smoking. […] For both adult age groups, the dose of PPSV23 should follow the dose of PCV15 by at least 1 year. However, a minimum of 8 weeks between PCV15 and PPSV23 is sometimes considered for adults with an immunocompromising condition, cochlear implant, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

• #29 Vaccine strategies for prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada | The College of Family Physicians of Canada

  https://www.cfp.ca/content/65/9/625

  Physicians should focus on improving pneumococcal vaccination rates among adults, which remain low. Vaccination with PCV13 should also be considered for adults with chronic conditions, whose baseline risk is often higher than that for healthy individuals aged 65 years and older. […] Pneumococcal vaccination guidelines from NACI are based on level III evidence (ie, opinions or statements of expert authorities); these guidelines were updated in June 2016 regarding adults aged 65 years or older. […] Two pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for adults in Canada: the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) […] and the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) […] In Canada, 26% and 38% of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in 2014 were caused by PCV13 and PPSV23 serotypes, respectively.

• #30 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Precautions with either type of vaccine include moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever (vaccination is postponed until illness resolves). […] Adults aged 19 to 49 years at highest risk of pneumococcal disease (eg, with functional or anatomic asplenia, chronic kidney disease, or another immunocompromising condition, including cancer and use of corticosteroids) should be given a second dose of PPSV23 5 years after the first PPSV23 dose. […] All people should be vaccinated with PPSV23 at age 50. If people were given 1 or 2 doses of PPSV23 before age 50 for any indication and 5 years have elapsed since their previous PPSV23 dose, they should be given another dose of the vaccine at age 50 or later.

• #31 U.S. FDA Approves CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Prevention of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/u-s-fda-approves-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-prevention-of-invasive-pneumococcal-disease-and-pneumococcal-pneumonia-in-adults/

  CAPVAXIVE (V116) is specifically designed for adults and covers serotypes responsible for approximately 84% of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults 50 years of age and older. […] Active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15B, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older; […] Active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older. […] CAPVAXIVE is specifically designed to help protect adults against the serotypes that cause the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases.

• #32 U.S. FDA Approves CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Prevention of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/u-s-fda-approves-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-prevention-of-invasive-pneumococcal-disease-and-pneumococcal-pneumonia-in-adults/

  CAPVAXIVE is designed to include the serotypes that cause the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults, helping to protect adults against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia. […] CAPVAXIVE covers the serotypes responsible for approximately 84% of IPD cases, compared to approximately 52% covered by PCV20. […] CAPVAXIVE includes eight unique serotypes not covered by other currently approved pneumococcal vaccines; those serotypes were responsible for approximately 27% of IPD cases in adults 50 years of age and older and approximately 30% in adults 65 years of age and older, based on the same CDC data. […] CAPVAXIVE is Merck’s approved 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia in adults 18 years of age and older.

• #33 CDC’S ACIP Recommends Merck’s CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/cdcs-acip-recommends-mercks-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-pneumococcal-vaccination-in-adults-50-years-of-age-and-older/

  CDCS ACIP Recommends Mercks CAPVAXIVE (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older. […] Age-based recommendations for adult pneumococcal vaccination lowered from 65 to 50 years of age and older. […] National-level CDC surveillance data shows CAPVAXIVE covers the serotypes responsible for approximately 84% of invasive pneumococcal disease cases, compared to approximately 52% covered by PCV20. […] The updated ACIP guidelines recommend a single dose of CAPVAXIVE for: Adults 50 years of age and older who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose previous vaccination history is unknown; Adults 19-49 years of age with certain underlying medical conditions or other risk factors who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose previous vaccination history is unknown; Adults 19 years of age and older who have started their pneumococcal vaccine series with PCV13 (pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine) but have not received all recommended PPSV23 (pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine) doses.

• #34 CDC Recommendations for CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine)

  https://www.merckvaccines.com/capvaxive/cdc-recommendations/

  CAPVAXIVE (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) is indicated for: active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15B, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older. […] active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older. […] The indication for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B is approved under accelerated approval based on immune responses as measured by opsonophagocytic activity (OPA). Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial.

• #35 CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Health Care Professionals

  https://www.merckvaccines.com/capvaxive/

  CAPVAXIVE (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) is indicated for: active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15B, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older. […] active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older. […] The indication for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F, and 35B is approved under accelerated approval based on immune responses as measured by opsonophagocytic activity (OPA). Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial.

• #36 CDC’S ACIP Recommends Merck’s CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/cdcs-acip-recommends-mercks-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-pneumococcal-vaccination-in-adults-50-years-of-age-and-older/

  Shared clinical decision-making is also recommended regarding use of a supplemental dose of CAPVAXIVE for adults 65 years of age and older who have completed their vaccine series with both PCV13 and PPSV23. […] CAPVAXIVE is indicated for: Active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15B, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older; Active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F and 35B in individuals 18 years of age and older. […] The indication for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15A, 15C, 16F, 17F, 19A, 20A, 22F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 33F and 35B is approved under accelerated approval based on immune responses as measured by opsonophagocytic activity (OPA).

• #37 European Commission Approves Merck’s Capvaxive for Adult Pneumococcal Disease Prevention

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/merck-s-capvaxive-pneumococcal-vaccine-eu-approval-progress-and-global-access

  New 21-valent conjugate vaccine authorized to combat invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in individuals aged 18 and older. […] As of May 26, 2025, the European Commission (EC) has approved Merck’s Capvaxive (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for active immunization against invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in individuals aged 18 and older. […] Capvaxive is specifically designed to protect adults from the serotypes responsible for the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases. […] Platt also highlighted the vaccines importance for adult populations at higher risk of pneumococcal disease. Adults have an increased risk of pneumococcal disease, and that can mean pneumococcal pneumonia, that can mean invasive disease, where patients have a chance of getting sicker, right? […] So Capvaxive was developed for adults.

• #38 U.S. FDA Approves CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for Prevention of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults – Merck.com

  https://www.merck.com/news/u-s-fda-approves-capvaxive-pneumococcal-21-valent-conjugate-vaccine-for-prevention-of-invasive-pneumococcal-disease-and-pneumococcal-pneumonia-in-adults/

  CAPVAXIVE is designed to include the serotypes that cause the majority of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults, helping to protect adults against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia. […] CAPVAXIVE covers the serotypes responsible for approximately 84% of IPD cases, compared to approximately 52% covered by PCV20. […] CAPVAXIVE includes eight unique serotypes not covered by other currently approved pneumococcal vaccines; those serotypes were responsible for approximately 27% of IPD cases in adults 50 years of age and older and approximately 30% in adults 65 years of age and older, based on the same CDC data. […] CAPVAXIVE is Merck’s approved 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia in adults 18 years of age and older.

• #39 The Medical Letter Home Page | The Medical Letter, Inc.

  https://secure.medicalletter.org/TML-article-1713a

  Upon completion of this activity, the participant will be able to: Review the efficacy and safety of Capvaxive, a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. […] The FDA has licensed Capvaxive (PCV21; Merck), a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. […] In the US, vaccination against S. pneumoniae has substantially reduced the incidence of pneumococcal disease in children and adults. […] The CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends PCV21 as an option for adults who are candidates for pneumococcal vaccination. […] The new 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Capvaxive contains serotypes that collectively account for 85% of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults in the US, including 8 serotypes that are not included in other currently available pneumococcal vaccines. It is a recommended option for adults who are candidates for pneumococcal vaccination.

• #40 Clinical Trial Program | PREVNAR 20® (Pneumococcal 20-valent Conjugate Vaccine)

  https://prevnar20adult.pfizerpro.com/clinical-studies

  Prevnar 20 is indicated for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F in individuals 6 weeks of age and older. […] Prevnar 20 is indicated for active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F in individuals 18 years of age and older. […] The indication of Prevnar 20 for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, and 33F in individuals 18 years of age and older is approved under accelerated approval based on immune responses as measured by opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) assay. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial.

• #41 PREVNAR 20 | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/prevnar-20

  Active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F in individuals 6 weeks of age and older. […] Active immunization for the prevention of otitis media caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F in individuals 6 weeks through 5 years of age. […] Active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F in individuals 18 years of age and older.

• #42 PREVNAR 20® (Pneumococcal 20-Valent Conjugate Vaccine) | Safety Info

  https://www.prevnar20.com/

  The Prevnar 20 vaccine provides protection against pneumococcal disease for adults and babies. […] Helps protect eligible adults against 20 different strains of the bacteria that cause pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). […] Helps protect your baby against 20 different strains of the bacteria that cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). […] Prevnar 20 is a vaccine approved for: the prevention of invasive disease caused by 20 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F) in individuals 6 weeks and older. […] the prevention of otitis media (middle ear infection) caused by 7 of the 20 strains in individuals 6 weeks through 5 years. […] active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F in individuals 18 years of age and older.

• #43 PREVNAR 20® (Pneumococcal 20-valent Conjugate Vaccine)

  https://adult.prevnar20.com/

  One dose of Prevnar 20 provides lasting protection against 20 strains of the bacteria that cause both pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, like meningitis or blood infection.* […] If youre 50 or older, the CDC now recommends that you get vaccinated to help protect yourself against pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease. […] Prevnar 20 can help protect eligible adults against 20 different strains of the bacteria that cause pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease. […] Age is a risk factor for pneumococcal pneumonia. […] Adults taking certain medicines that suppress the immune system are also at increased risk. […] Prevnar vaccines have been used by millions and millions of adults in the US for over 10 years with a demonstrated safety profile.

• #44 Pneumococcal Vaccination | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for people based on their age or if they have certain risk conditions. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are the best way to protect against serious pneumococcal infections. […] Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against pneumococcal infections, including invasive disease. […] Vaccines that help protect against pneumococcal disease work well but cannot prevent all cases. […] Pneumococcal vaccination is part of the routine childhood immunization schedule. Therefore, pneumococcal vaccines are regularly available for children at: Pediatric and family practice offices, Community health clinics, Public health departments. […] For adults, a healthcare provider’s office or pharmacy are usually the best places to receive recommended vaccines. […] Most private health insurance plans cover this vaccine. Check with your insurance provider for cost information and for a list of in-network vaccine providers. […] The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program provides vaccines to children whose parents or guardians may not be able to afford them.

• #45 Prevention of adult pneumococcal pneumonia with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: CAPiTA, the community-acquired pneumonia immunization trial in adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4514202/

  The aging of the world population is expected to be accompanied by increased pneumococcal pneumonia in older adults. […] Thus, appropriate protection of adults at risk for pneumococcal CAP will include vaccination with PCV13. […] The study demonstrated that PCV13 is safe and efficacious in adults aged 65 years and older for the prevention of VT-CAP and VT-IPD. […] Therefore, the Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults is the first study to demonstrate efficacy in the prevention of VT nonbacteremic CAP. […] For the foreseeable future, appropriate protection of adults at risk for pneumococcal CAP relies on vaccination with PCV13, which, as demonstrated by the study, is safe and effective in older adults for prevention of VT pneumococcal CAP.

• #46 Prevention of pneumococcal diseases in the post-seven valent vaccine era: A European perspective | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-12-207

  The burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in young children decreased dramatically following introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). […] Recently introduced higher valency pneumococcal vaccines target the residual burden of invasive and non-invasive infections, including those caused by serotypes not included in PCV7. […] Surveillance data show increased circulation of the non-PCV7 vaccine serotypes 1, 3, 6A, 6C, 7F and 19A in countries with routine vaccination. […] Preliminary evidence suggests that broadened serotype coverage offered by higher valency vaccines may be having an effect on invasive disease caused by some of those serotypes, including 19A, 7F and 6C. […] However, recent reports indicate that pneumococcal vaccination has reduced hospitalisations of children for vaccine serotype pneumonia.

• #47 Pneumococcal Disease and Vaccine | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases-and-vaccines/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Getting pneumococcal vaccine is effective at preventing the disease. Some types of pneumococcal disease can be very serious, including invasive disease. Invasive disease means the bacteria invade parts of the body, such as blood, that are normally free from germs. Invasive disease is usually very serious and can sometimes result in death. Getting sick with pneumococcal disease does not prevent you from getting pneumococcal disease again, which is why its very important to get vaccinated. […] Pneumococcal disease can be very deadly. Pneumococcal pneumonia kills 1 in 20 who get it. Pneumococcal meningitis kills 1 in 12 children and 1 in 6 adults who get it. Pneumococcal bacteremia kills 1 in 30 children and 1 in 8 adults who get it. […] Since the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in 1998, invasive pneumococcal disease has decreased by 95 percent in children under 5 years of age.

• #48 Prevention of pneumococcal diseases in the post-seven valent vaccine era: A European perspective | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-12-207

  PCVs reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and acute otitis media (AOM) caused by vaccine serotypes. […] Extension of the vaccine serotype spectrum beyond PCV7 may provide additional benefit in preventing the evolution of AOM. […] Recent evaluations highlight the public health significance of indirect benefits, prevention of pneumonia and AOM and coverage of non-PCV7 serotypes by higher valency vaccines. […] Routine vaccination has greatly reduced the burden of pneumococcal diseases in children. […] Pneumococcal vaccines with broadened serotype coverage are likely to continue decreasing the burden of invasive disease, and community acquired pneumonia in children. […] Further reductions in pneumococcal carriage and increased prevention of early AOM infections may prevent the evolution of severe, complicated AOM. […] Evaluation of the public health benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines should include consideration of non-invasive pneumococcal infections, indirect effects of vaccination and broadened serotype coverage.

• #49 Pneumococcal Vaccination: Optimizing Preventive Strategies and Reducing Disease Burden

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/pneumococcal-vaccination-optimizing-preventive-strategies-and-reducing-disease-burden

  There are two commercially available vaccines for the prevention of pneumococcal disease. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23), and Prevnar 13 (PCV13) is the conjugate version. […] The pneumococcal vaccine was the first immunization developed from a bacterial capsular polysaccharide. While the introduction of the vaccine was a monumental medical milestone, it coincided with and was overshadowed by the discovery of penicillin, and was not widely utilized because of the efficacy of antibiotics in treating pneumococcal disease. Increasing resistance has largely shifted public health efforts to prevention rather than treatment, making immunization with PPSV part of the routine immunization schedule for those at high risk. […] PPSV23 is indicated in children at high risk of IPD, including immunocompromised children, those with functional or anatomical asplenia, and immunocompetent children with chronic heart or lung disease, diabetes mellitus, or cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

• #50 Prevention of adult pneumococcal pneumonia with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: CAPiTA, the community-acquired pneumonia immunization trial in adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4514202/

  The aging of the world population is expected to be accompanied by increased pneumococcal pneumonia in older adults. […] Thus, appropriate protection of adults at risk for pneumococcal CAP will include vaccination with PCV13. […] The study demonstrated that PCV13 is safe and efficacious in adults aged 65 years and older for the prevention of VT-CAP and VT-IPD. […] Therefore, the Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults is the first study to demonstrate efficacy in the prevention of VT nonbacteremic CAP. […] For the foreseeable future, appropriate protection of adults at risk for pneumococcal CAP relies on vaccination with PCV13, which, as demonstrated by the study, is safe and effective in older adults for prevention of VT pneumococcal CAP.

• #51 How the Pneumonia Vaccine Protects You for Life | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2023/02/how-the-pneumonia-vaccine-protects-you-for-life

  Pneumococcal vaccines commonly known as the pneumonia vaccine are a lifesaver. Theyre recommended for people at high risk for pneumococcal disease, which includes not only pneumonia, but also bacterial meningitis and blood infections. […] Pneumococcal vaccines significantly reduce the risk of pneumonia and other invasive infections, says University Hospitals family medicine specialist Sarah Lang, MD. […] Studies have shown the vaccines are 50 to 80 percent effective preventing severe invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults, Dr. Lang says. […] The pneumonia vaccine is recommended for: Children under age 5, Adults age 50 and older, Older children and younger adults at high risk because of certain health conditions. […] One shot usually protects you for life; however, you may need a booster based on changes in your medical condition, Dr. Lang says.

• #52 Vaccine strategies for prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada | The College of Family Physicians of Canada

  https://www.cfp.ca/content/65/9/625

  Objective To describe the burden of pneumococcal disease and associated risk factors in the Canadian adult population, delineate available pneumococcal vaccines and associated efficacy and effectiveness data, and review current pneumococcal vaccine recommendations and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) prevention strategies in Canada. […] It is recommended that immunosuppressed adults of all ages receive the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) (grades A and B recommendations). In 2016, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization also recommended that all adults aged 65 years and older receive PCV13 (grade A recommendation) on an individual basis, followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (grade B recommendation). This update is based on a large clinical study that demonstrated PCV13 efficacy against vaccine-type CAP in this population.

• #53 Vaccination for the Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/vaccination-for-the-prevention-of-pneumococcal-disease

  Overall, the vaccine is 60% to 70% effective in preventing invasive disease, specifically bacteremia, but has not been shown to provide protection against pneumococcal pneumonia. […] In addition to adults aged 65 years and older, immunocompromised persons aged 2 or more years who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease or its complications should be vaccinated. […] The first pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Prevnar, was licensed in the U.S. in 2000. […] PCV7 was shown to reduce invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes by 97%, and disease caused by all serotypes–including those not in the vaccine–by 89%. […] Both vaccines are inactive and administered by intramuscular injection; therefore, the most common adverse reactions are local site reactions. […] One of the Healthy People 2010 objectives is to achieve 90% coverage of noninstitutionalized adults aged 65 years and older for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

• #54 Pneumococcal Vaccination: Optimizing Preventive Strategies and Reducing Disease Burden

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/pneumococcal-vaccination-optimizing-preventive-strategies-and-reducing-disease-burden

  PPSV23 is recommended for all patients 65 years of age, regardless of immune status. For those who received their first dose of PPSV23 prior to age 65, a second dose of PPSV23 is recommended 5 years after the first dose. […] Persons aged 19 to 64 years who are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal disease should also receive PPSV23. […] Patients who have functional or anatomical asplenia or who are immunocompromised should also be vaccinated, particularly those with hematologic malignancies, HIV infection, or solid tumors. […] The Advisory Council on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends vaccination with PCV13 in addition to PPSV23 in this population. […] Overall, more than 80% of adults who receive PPSV23 develop antibodies, usually within 2 to 3 weeks. In studies of clinical effectiveness, PPSV23 is about 60% to 70% effective in preventing invasive disease; however, it does not provide reliable protection against pneumococcal pneumonia.

• #55 Prevention of pneumococcal diseases in the post-seven valent vaccine era: A European perspective | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-12-207

  PCVs reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and acute otitis media (AOM) caused by vaccine serotypes. […] Extension of the vaccine serotype spectrum beyond PCV7 may provide additional benefit in preventing the evolution of AOM. […] Recent evaluations highlight the public health significance of indirect benefits, prevention of pneumonia and AOM and coverage of non-PCV7 serotypes by higher valency vaccines. […] Routine vaccination has greatly reduced the burden of pneumococcal diseases in children. […] Pneumococcal vaccines with broadened serotype coverage are likely to continue decreasing the burden of invasive disease, and community acquired pneumonia in children. […] Further reductions in pneumococcal carriage and increased prevention of early AOM infections may prevent the evolution of severe, complicated AOM. […] Evaluation of the public health benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines should include consideration of non-invasive pneumococcal infections, indirect effects of vaccination and broadened serotype coverage.

• #56 Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Available Pneumococcal Vaccines

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/1/30

  Both PCV10 and PCV13 are licensed for use in children from 6 weeks to 5 years of age for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), CAP and otitis media. However, PCV13 has also been licensed for use in older subjects. […] Available data indicate that all of the PCVs are significantly effective in reducing the hospitalization rate for all-cause CAP, the incidence of pneumococcal CAP and the risk of death from CAP in vaccinated children, although the impact is different according to the type and number of included serotypes. […] The effectiveness of PCV7 was also evidenced in Europe. […] Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that the new preparations were both effective and safe and could be administered for the prevention of IPD and CAP. […] The vaccine also reduced admissions for invasive pneumococcal CAP and non-invasive pneumococcal or lobar CAP in children and adults, indicating herd protection, although the reduction was significant only in some age groups.

• #57 Pneumococcal Vaccination: Optimizing Preventive Strategies and Reducing Disease Burden

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/pneumococcal-vaccination-optimizing-preventive-strategies-and-reducing-disease-burden

  Pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common medical concern in young children, older adults, and the immunocompromised. Two vaccines, PPSV23 (Pneumovax 23) and PCV13 (Prevnar 13), are available for the prevention of conditions caused by this bacterium and are recommended for routine use and for use in those with high-risk comorbidities. While these vaccines do not cover all serotypes, they have produced a significant reduction in both invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal diseases. […] Reducing the burden of pneumococcal infections has been a significant public health priority. The Healthy People 2010 initiative aimed to reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases to 46 per 100,000 in children and 42 per 100,000 in adults. These goals were achieved with the introduction of PCV7, with 22 new cases and 41 new cases, respectively. Healthy People 2020 seeks to further reduce IPD rates to 12 and 31 new cases per 100,000 in children and adults, respectively. The use of vaccination strategies to decrease the burden of pneumococcal disease will be reviewed here.

• #58 Vaccination for the Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/vaccination-for-the-prevention-of-pneumococcal-disease

  Pneumococcal infections cause an estimated 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, and 500,000 cases of pneumonia annually. […] Vaccination appears to be the most effective strategy for preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), especially since treatment is hampered by the increasing resistance to available antibiotics. […] Vaccination remains the primary preventative strategy for CAP in the elderly. […] Routine immunization with the polysaccharide conjugate vaccine has reduced the risk of invasive S pneumoniae infection in young children by 90% and indirectly decreased the incidence in older adults. […] Despite CDC recommendations, most patients, especially elderly ones, do not obtain the appropriate vaccinations. […] The vaccine currently available in the U.S., Pneumovax 23, contains 25 mcg of each antigen per dose and 0.25% phenol as a preservative.

• #59 Pneumococcal vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_vaccine

  Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Their use can prevent some cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under the skin. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the conjugate vaccine in the routine immunizations given to children. This includes those with HIV/AIDS. The recommended three or four doses are between 71 and 93% effective at preventing severe pneumococcal disease. […] These vaccines are generally safe. With the conjugate vaccine about 10% of babies develop redness at the site of injection, fever, or change in sleep. Severe allergies are very rare. […] Pneumococcal vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP) is a program to accelerate the evaluation and access to new pneumococcal vaccines in the developing world. PneumoADIP aims to save 5.4 million children by 2030.

• #60 Should I Get the Pneumococcal Vaccine? 5 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/should-i-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine-5-things-to-know

  Children under 5 and adults as young as 50 can get the shot to protect against a common type of pneumonia. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is considered safe. The most common side effects are drowsiness, fever, headache, loss of appetite, and a sore or swollen arm from the shot, all of which are mild and last no more than a day or two. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is given at two stages of lifeits a routine vaccination given four times in childhood and is given again, in most cases as a one-time shot, to older people. […] The pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for the following groups: All children younger than 5 years are recommended at the following ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months; All adults ages 50 and older; Any child or adult who is at increased risk for pneumococcal disease.

• #61 Should I Get the Pneumococcal Vaccine? 5 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/should-i-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine-5-things-to-know

  Children under 5 and adults as young as 50 can get the shot to protect against a common type of pneumonia. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is considered safe. The most common side effects are drowsiness, fever, headache, loss of appetite, and a sore or swollen arm from the shot, all of which are mild and last no more than a day or two. […] The pneumococcal vaccine is given at two stages of lifeits a routine vaccination given four times in childhood and is given again, in most cases as a one-time shot, to older people. […] The pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for the following groups: All children younger than 5 years are recommended at the following ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months; All adults ages 50 and older; Any child or adult who is at increased risk for pneumococcal disease.

• #62 2019 NFID Survey: Attitudes about Influenza and Pneumococcal Disease Prevention – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/resource/2019-nfid-survey-attitudes-about-influenza-and-pneumococcal-disease-prevention/

  Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria and can cause various types of illness, including pneumonia, meningitis, ear and sinus infections, and sepsis. […] Among adults age 65 years and older, or those with an underlying health condition who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease, there are gaps in awareness and understanding about pneumococcal disease and vaccination. […] Nearly 60 percent of individuals at higher risk report that they have never been advised to get vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. […] Among the high-risk individuals, 70 percent report that they are not planning on receiving a vaccine to prevent pneumococcal disease. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are safe and effective; most side effects are mild, such as arm swelling or soreness, and last one or two days. […] The survey findings also underscore the need to educate populations at increased risk, including people with chronic health conditions such as lung disease, heart disease, and diabetes.

• #63 Pneumonia (Pneumococcal) Vaccine | Walgreens

  https://www.walgreens.com/topic/pharmacy/scheduler/pneumonia-vaccine_2.jsp

  Schedule your vaccine today. […] Vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease, which is defined as any type of illness caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. […] The CDC recommends Prevnar 20 (PCV20) or Vaxneuvance (PCV15) for all infants as a series of 4 doses (1 dose at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months). […] The CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for adults 19 through 49 years old who have certain chronic medical conditions or other risk factors. […] The CDC recommends the pneumococcal vaccine for all adults 50 years and older who have not received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine before or if their previous vaccine history is unknown. […] Children younger than 2 years old should not get Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23). […] Anyone who has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to the pneumococcal vaccine or to any component of the vaccine should not get another dose. […] Pregnant women should consult with their OB/GYN before getting vaccinated. […] It’s extremely rare for these vaccines to cause serious harm or death.

• #64 Your Child’s Vaccines: Pneumococcal Vaccines (PCV, PPSV) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pneumococcal-vaccine.html

  The pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15, PCV20) and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) protect against pneumococcal infections. […] Children younger than 2 years old, adults over 65, and people with some medical conditions are at high risk for serious pneumococcal infections. These vaccines are very effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and even death. […] The pneumococcal vaccines contain only a small piece of the germ and so cannot cause pneumococcal disease.

• #65 2019 NFID Survey: Attitudes about Influenza and Pneumococcal Disease Prevention – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/resource/2019-nfid-survey-attitudes-about-influenza-and-pneumococcal-disease-prevention/

  Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria and can cause various types of illness, including pneumonia, meningitis, ear and sinus infections, and sepsis. […] Among adults age 65 years and older, or those with an underlying health condition who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease, there are gaps in awareness and understanding about pneumococcal disease and vaccination. […] Nearly 60 percent of individuals at higher risk report that they have never been advised to get vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. […] Among the high-risk individuals, 70 percent report that they are not planning on receiving a vaccine to prevent pneumococcal disease. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are safe and effective; most side effects are mild, such as arm swelling or soreness, and last one or two days. […] The survey findings also underscore the need to educate populations at increased risk, including people with chronic health conditions such as lung disease, heart disease, and diabetes.

• #66 CDC Recommendations for CAPVAXIVE™ (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine)

  https://www.merckvaccines.com/capvaxive/cdc-recommendations/

  Do not administer CAPVAXIVE (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) to individuals with a history of a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of CAPVAXIVE or to diphtheria toxoid. […] Individuals with altered immunocompetence, including those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, may have a reduced immune response to CAPVAXIVE. […] Vaccination with CAPVAXIVE may not protect all vaccine recipients.

• #67 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  For both adult age groups, the dose of PPSV23 should follow the dose of PCV15 by at least 1 year. A minimum interval of 8 weeks between PCV15 and PPSV23 can be considered for adults with an immunocompromising condition, cochlear implant, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. […] The main contraindication for PCV15 is a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of PCV15 or to diphtheria toxoid. […] The main contraindication for PCV20 is a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of PCV20 or to diphtheria toxoid. […] The main contraindication for PCV21 is a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of PCV21 or to diphtheria toxoid. […] The main contraindication for PPSV23 is a severe allergic reaction after a previous dose of the vaccine or to a vaccine component.

• #68 Updated Recommendations for Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination | Resources for Providers

  https://www.ihs.gov/epi/immunization-and-vaccine-preventable-diseases/resources-for-providers/updated-recommendations-for-adult-pneumococcal-vaccination/

  Updated Recommendations for Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination […] On October 20, 2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) simplified adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations across age and risk groups, now including people 19-64 years who have any of a broader group of chronic medical conditions and incorporating use of either 20-valent (PCV20) or 15-valent (PCV15) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). […] Adopting the newest ACIP PCV recommendations may further prevent an additional 30% of invasive pneumococcal disease cases. […] Adults aged 19–64 years with certain chronic diseases and immunocompromising conditions and adults aged ≥65 years who have not previously received any PCV or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive 1 dose of either PCV20 or PCV15. […] When PCV20 is used, no additional pneumococcal vaccine doses are recommended. […] In alignment with CDC and ACIP recommendations, simultaneously administering all vaccines for which a person is eligible at the time of a visit increases the probability that an individual will be up to date on vaccinations. […] Pneumococcal vaccines should not be administered to persons with a history of a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, to any component of the vaccines, or to individuals with a previous allergic reaction to a dose of the same formulation of pneumococcal vaccine or diphtheria toxoid (in the case of PCV15). […] Vaccination should be delayed for patients experiencing moderate or severe acute illness. […] All pneumococcal vaccines (PCV15, PCV20, and PPSV23) should be stored in a refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C. […] Post-vaccination adverse reactions that are mild to moderate in nature are common with pneumococcal vaccinations, particularly pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. […] Adverse events following vaccination should be reported according to local policy and to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS).

• #69 Pneumonia (Pneumococcal) Vaccine | Walgreens

  https://www.walgreens.com/topic/pharmacy/scheduler/pneumonia-vaccine_2.jsp

  Schedule your vaccine today. […] Vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease, which is defined as any type of illness caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. […] The CDC recommends Prevnar 20 (PCV20) or Vaxneuvance (PCV15) for all infants as a series of 4 doses (1 dose at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months). […] The CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for adults 19 through 49 years old who have certain chronic medical conditions or other risk factors. […] The CDC recommends the pneumococcal vaccine for all adults 50 years and older who have not received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine before or if their previous vaccine history is unknown. […] Children younger than 2 years old should not get Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23). […] Anyone who has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to the pneumococcal vaccine or to any component of the vaccine should not get another dose. […] Pregnant women should consult with their OB/GYN before getting vaccinated. […] It’s extremely rare for these vaccines to cause serious harm or death.

• #70 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Precautions with either type of vaccine include moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever (vaccination is postponed until illness resolves). […] Adults aged 19 to 49 years at highest risk of pneumococcal disease (eg, with functional or anatomic asplenia, chronic kidney disease, or another immunocompromising condition, including cancer and use of corticosteroids) should be given a second dose of PPSV23 5 years after the first PPSV23 dose. […] All people should be vaccinated with PPSV23 at age 50. If people were given 1 or 2 doses of PPSV23 before age 50 for any indication and 5 years have elapsed since their previous PPSV23 dose, they should be given another dose of the vaccine at age 50 or later.

• #71 Updated Recommendations for Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination | Resources for Providers

  https://www.ihs.gov/epi/immunization-and-vaccine-preventable-diseases/resources-for-providers/updated-recommendations-for-adult-pneumococcal-vaccination/

  Updated Recommendations for Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination […] On October 20, 2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) simplified adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations across age and risk groups, now including people 19-64 years who have any of a broader group of chronic medical conditions and incorporating use of either 20-valent (PCV20) or 15-valent (PCV15) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). […] Adopting the newest ACIP PCV recommendations may further prevent an additional 30% of invasive pneumococcal disease cases. […] Adults aged 19–64 years with certain chronic diseases and immunocompromising conditions and adults aged ≥65 years who have not previously received any PCV or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive 1 dose of either PCV20 or PCV15. […] When PCV20 is used, no additional pneumococcal vaccine doses are recommended. […] In alignment with CDC and ACIP recommendations, simultaneously administering all vaccines for which a person is eligible at the time of a visit increases the probability that an individual will be up to date on vaccinations. […] Pneumococcal vaccines should not be administered to persons with a history of a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, to any component of the vaccines, or to individuals with a previous allergic reaction to a dose of the same formulation of pneumococcal vaccine or diphtheria toxoid (in the case of PCV15). […] Vaccination should be delayed for patients experiencing moderate or severe acute illness. […] All pneumococcal vaccines (PCV15, PCV20, and PPSV23) should be stored in a refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C. […] Post-vaccination adverse reactions that are mild to moderate in nature are common with pneumococcal vaccinations, particularly pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. […] Adverse events following vaccination should be reported according to local policy and to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS).

• #72 Pneumococcal Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine

  For both adult age groups, the dose of PPSV23 should follow the dose of PCV15 by at least 1 year. A minimum interval of 8 weeks between PCV15 and PPSV23 can be considered for adults with an immunocompromising condition, cochlear implant, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. […] The main contraindication for PCV15 is a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of PCV15 or to diphtheria toxoid. […] The main contraindication for PCV20 is a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of PCV20 or to diphtheria toxoid. […] The main contraindication for PCV21 is a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of PCV21 or to diphtheria toxoid. […] The main contraindication for PPSV23 is a severe allergic reaction after a previous dose of the vaccine or to a vaccine component.

• #73 Centre for Health Protection – Frequently Asked Questions on Pneumococcal Vaccination

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/features/100770.html

  For individuals who will undergo elective splenectomy, pneumococcal vaccines should be given at least 2 weeks before the procedures if possible. […] The Government’s Pneumococcal Vaccination Programme provides free or subsidised pneumoccal vaccination for persons aged 65 years or above. Persons without high risk conditions are eligible to receive one dose of 23-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (23vPPV). Persons with high risk conditions are eligible to receive one dose of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15), followed by one dose of 23vPPV one year after. […] If elderly with high-risk conditions do not have a documented vaccination history for pneumococcal vaccine, they should trace record from clinics receiving previous dose of pneumococcal vaccine. If the elderly still cannot trace the record and cannot recall the type and time of vaccination, they should still receive the recommended doses, i.e. a single dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of 23vPPV one year later.

• #74 Pneumonia (Pneumococcal) Vaccine | Walgreens

  https://www.walgreens.com/topic/pharmacy/scheduler/pneumonia-vaccine_2.jsp

  Schedule your vaccine today. […] Vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease, which is defined as any type of illness caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. […] The CDC recommends Prevnar 20 (PCV20) or Vaxneuvance (PCV15) for all infants as a series of 4 doses (1 dose at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months). […] The CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for adults 19 through 49 years old who have certain chronic medical conditions or other risk factors. […] The CDC recommends the pneumococcal vaccine for all adults 50 years and older who have not received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine before or if their previous vaccine history is unknown. […] Children younger than 2 years old should not get Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23). […] Anyone who has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to the pneumococcal vaccine or to any component of the vaccine should not get another dose. […] Pregnant women should consult with their OB/GYN before getting vaccinated. […] It’s extremely rare for these vaccines to cause serious harm or death.

• #75 Immunizations for Preventable Diseases in Adults and Adolescents with HIV: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/immunizations

  If a decision to administer PCV20 is made, a dose of PCV20 is recommended at least 5 years after the last pneumococcal vaccine dose. […] People with HIV who have only received PPSV23 may receive a PCV (either PCV20 or PCV15) 1 year after their last PPSV23 dose to complete their pneumococcal vaccination series. […] People with HIV who previously received only the PCV13 should receive one dose of PCV20 at least 1 year later or receive PPSV23 at least 8 weeks later and then complete the PPSV23 series as recommended. […] In June 2024, the ACIP recommended 21-valent PCV (PCV21) as an option for adults aged 19 years who are currently recommended to receive PCV15 or PCV20.

• #76 Guidelines for Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease in Long Term Care Facilities

  https://health.maryland.gov/phpa/pages/pneumococcal-disease-prevention.aspx

  Recent outbreaks of pneumococcal pneumonia in long term care facilities in the United States, including Maryland, have reinforced the need for pneumococcal vaccination in populations at risk of complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae. […] Therefore, prevention through proper immunization with pneumococcal vaccine is critical. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that the vaccine be administered to all persons 65 years or older and to any individual at increased risk of getting pneumococcal disease. […] Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR) 10.06.01.12-1 Pneumococcal Disease requires that residents of long term care facilities be vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine. […] A physician in attendance upon an individual at increased risk of pneumococcal disease shall:

• #77 Pneumococcal Vaccination Guidance | AMDA | The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine

  https://old.paltc.org/publications/pneumococcal-vaccination-guidance

  The most effective way to treat pneumococcal disease is to prevent it through immunization. […] Efforts at preventing pneumococcal disease are a national health priority, particularly in older adults and in nursing home settings. […] The well-designed Dutch study, Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPITA) demonstrated the efficacy of an expanded pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) among adults. […] Currently two pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for adults. […] Nursing facility licensure regulations require facilities to assess the pneumococcal vaccination status of each resident, provide education regarding pneumococcal vaccination, and administer the vaccine when indicated, unless refused by the resident or responsible party. […] If a resident is determined to be unvaccinated for pneumococcal disease, is a candidate for pneumococcal vaccination, and does not refuse vaccination or have a contraindication, the facility should administer an appropriate pneumococcal vaccine consistent with current ACIP and CDC guidance.

• #78 Guidelines for Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease in Long Term Care Facilities

  https://health.maryland.gov/phpa/pages/pneumococcal-disease-prevention.aspx

  Educate that individual or the individual’s legal guardian on the availability of pneumococcal vaccine; and […] Administer pneumococcal vaccine to a consenting individual who has no contraindications and who is at increased risk of pneumococcal disease, or refer the individual to a health care provider who has agreed to administer pneumococcal vaccine to an individual at increased risk of pneumococcal disease. […] Assure vaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine of all residents of long term care facilities.

• #79 Pneumococcal Vaccination Guidance | AMDA | The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine

  https://old.paltc.org/publications/pneumococcal-vaccination-guidance

  All adults = 65 years of age should receive both pneumococcal vaccinations. […] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is present when a persons glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months […] In October 2002, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy G. Thompson approved the use of standing orders policies in nursing homes for influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. […] Administration of pneumococcal vaccine should ideally be done as soon as possible following admission to a facility. […] The assessment of a resident regarding their immunization status (and determination of vaccine need) should be initiated at the time of admission and completed by day 14. […] It is reasonable to expect administration and documentation of pneumococcal vaccine by the first quarterly assessment OR patient discharge, WHICHEVER COMES FIRST.

• #80 Centre for Health Protection – Frequently Asked Questions on Pneumococcal Vaccination

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/features/100770.html

  Pneumococcal vaccination is one of the most effective means of preventing pneumococcal diseases. […] The Government’s Pneumococcal Vaccination Programme will continue throughout the year, providing free or subsidised pneumococcal vaccination for eligible elderly aged 65 years or above. […] Secondary bacterial pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for those infected with influenza. Data from a local study shows that dual vaccination with influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccines can lower the risk of hospitalisation and mortality among elderly people. […] Pneumococcal vaccines can be given together with seasonal influenza vaccine, but they should be administered with a different syringe and at a different injection site. […] COVID-19 vaccines can be co-administered with, or at any time before or after, pneumococcal vaccines under informed consent.

• #81 How the Pneumonia Vaccine Protects You for Life | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2023/02/how-the-pneumonia-vaccine-protects-you-for-life

  People at high risk because of health conditions typically receive one shot before age 65 and one shot after, Dr. Lang says. […] Your doctor will advise the best vaccination regimen based on your circumstances. […] You can receive the pneumococcal vaccine at the same time as flu and COVID-19 vaccines. […] Previous vaccination will have an effect on which vaccine you should receive. Adults with unknown vaccine status should be considered as not having been vaccinated.

• #82

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/health-blog/june-2022/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), sometimes known as pneumococcus, which is a vaccine-preventable disease. Pneumococcal disease can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle or avoiding contact with the patient. Moreover, vaccination is the recommended way to reduce the risk of infection. […] There are 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines available in Thailand which cover different types of bacteria: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10, PCV13, PCV15 and PCV20) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] Never administer two types of pneumococcal vaccines in the same visit. If a decision to administer PCV13 or PCV15 is made, it should be administered before PPSV23. […] For children, all children younger than 5 years old should be given 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13/15/20) at ages 2, 4, 6, and 12 through 15 months. […] For adults, pneumococcal vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic has become more important than ever.

• #83

  https://reverehealth.com/live-better/make-prevention-a-priority-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine/

  PCV13 is recommended for children under age 2. […] The CDC advises against getting PCV13 and PPSV23 simultaneously. Your doctor can tell you how long you should wait between each vaccine. […] Absolutely. Both vaccines are equally important in protecting you from disease. Additionally, having the flu increases your risk of pneumococcal disease, so its crucial to get both vaccines on schedule. […] People with lung conditions should especially talk with their doctor about their risk factors and what they can do to prevent pneumococcal disease.

• #84 Updated Recommendations for Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination | Resources for Providers

  https://www.ihs.gov/epi/immunization-and-vaccine-preventable-diseases/resources-for-providers/updated-recommendations-for-adult-pneumococcal-vaccination/

  Updated Recommendations for Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination […] On October 20, 2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) simplified adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations across age and risk groups, now including people 19-64 years who have any of a broader group of chronic medical conditions and incorporating use of either 20-valent (PCV20) or 15-valent (PCV15) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). […] Adopting the newest ACIP PCV recommendations may further prevent an additional 30% of invasive pneumococcal disease cases. […] Adults aged 19–64 years with certain chronic diseases and immunocompromising conditions and adults aged ≥65 years who have not previously received any PCV or whose vaccination history is unknown should receive 1 dose of either PCV20 or PCV15. […] When PCV20 is used, no additional pneumococcal vaccine doses are recommended. […] In alignment with CDC and ACIP recommendations, simultaneously administering all vaccines for which a person is eligible at the time of a visit increases the probability that an individual will be up to date on vaccinations. […] Pneumococcal vaccines should not be administered to persons with a history of a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, to any component of the vaccines, or to individuals with a previous allergic reaction to a dose of the same formulation of pneumococcal vaccine or diphtheria toxoid (in the case of PCV15). […] Vaccination should be delayed for patients experiencing moderate or severe acute illness. […] All pneumococcal vaccines (PCV15, PCV20, and PPSV23) should be stored in a refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C. […] Post-vaccination adverse reactions that are mild to moderate in nature are common with pneumococcal vaccinations, particularly pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. […] Adverse events following vaccination should be reported according to local policy and to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS).

• #85 Pneumococcal Vaccination | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for people based on their age or if they have certain risk conditions. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are the best way to protect against serious pneumococcal infections. […] Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against pneumococcal infections, including invasive disease. […] Vaccines that help protect against pneumococcal disease work well but cannot prevent all cases. […] Pneumococcal vaccination is part of the routine childhood immunization schedule. Therefore, pneumococcal vaccines are regularly available for children at: Pediatric and family practice offices, Community health clinics, Public health departments. […] For adults, a healthcare provider’s office or pharmacy are usually the best places to receive recommended vaccines. […] Most private health insurance plans cover this vaccine. Check with your insurance provider for cost information and for a list of in-network vaccine providers. […] The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program provides vaccines to children whose parents or guardians may not be able to afford them.

• #86 Pneumonia (Pneumococcal) Vaccine | Walgreens

  https://www.walgreens.com/topic/pharmacy/scheduler/pneumonia-vaccine_2.jsp

  Schedule your vaccine today. […] Vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease, which is defined as any type of illness caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. […] The CDC recommends Prevnar 20 (PCV20) or Vaxneuvance (PCV15) for all infants as a series of 4 doses (1 dose at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 through 15 months). […] The CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for adults 19 through 49 years old who have certain chronic medical conditions or other risk factors. […] The CDC recommends the pneumococcal vaccine for all adults 50 years and older who have not received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine before or if their previous vaccine history is unknown. […] Children younger than 2 years old should not get Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23). […] Anyone who has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to the pneumococcal vaccine or to any component of the vaccine should not get another dose. […] Pregnant women should consult with their OB/GYN before getting vaccinated. […] It’s extremely rare for these vaccines to cause serious harm or death.

• #87 Pneumococcal Vaccination | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for people based on their age or if they have certain risk conditions. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are the best way to protect against serious pneumococcal infections. […] Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against pneumococcal infections, including invasive disease. […] Vaccines that help protect against pneumococcal disease work well but cannot prevent all cases. […] Pneumococcal vaccination is part of the routine childhood immunization schedule. Therefore, pneumococcal vaccines are regularly available for children at: Pediatric and family practice offices, Community health clinics, Public health departments. […] For adults, a healthcare provider’s office or pharmacy are usually the best places to receive recommended vaccines. […] Most private health insurance plans cover this vaccine. Check with your insurance provider for cost information and for a list of in-network vaccine providers. […] The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program provides vaccines to children whose parents or guardians may not be able to afford them.

• #88 Pneumococcal Vaccination | Pneumococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html

  CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for people based on their age or if they have certain risk conditions. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are the best way to protect against serious pneumococcal infections. […] Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against pneumococcal infections, including invasive disease. […] Vaccines that help protect against pneumococcal disease work well but cannot prevent all cases. […] Pneumococcal vaccination is part of the routine childhood immunization schedule. Therefore, pneumococcal vaccines are regularly available for children at: Pediatric and family practice offices, Community health clinics, Public health departments. […] For adults, a healthcare provider’s office or pharmacy are usually the best places to receive recommended vaccines. […] Most private health insurance plans cover this vaccine. Check with your insurance provider for cost information and for a list of in-network vaccine providers. […] The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program provides vaccines to children whose parents or guardians may not be able to afford them.

• #89 Pneumococcal Disease in Iraq | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/pneumococcal-disease-global-disease-prevention-strategies-with-a-focus-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  The estimated cost of global vaccinations with PCV is around US $16 billion per year. […] The cost of vaccines should be set according to what countries can pay. […] Strategies and policies for improved surveillance systems and analysis of the surveillance data will aid in efficiently screening, targeting, and monitoring different sections of the population.

• #90 Centre for Health Protection – Frequently Asked Questions on Pneumococcal Vaccination

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/features/100770.html

  Pneumococcal vaccination is one of the most effective means of preventing pneumococcal diseases. […] The Government’s Pneumococcal Vaccination Programme will continue throughout the year, providing free or subsidised pneumococcal vaccination for eligible elderly aged 65 years or above. […] Secondary bacterial pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for those infected with influenza. Data from a local study shows that dual vaccination with influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccines can lower the risk of hospitalisation and mortality among elderly people. […] Pneumococcal vaccines can be given together with seasonal influenza vaccine, but they should be administered with a different syringe and at a different injection site. […] COVID-19 vaccines can be co-administered with, or at any time before or after, pneumococcal vaccines under informed consent.

• #91 Pneumococcal vaccination | Gouvernement du Québec

  https://www.quebec.ca/en/health/advice-and-prevention/vaccination/pneumococcal-vaccination-program

  Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended and free for people who are at greater risk of complications. […] Vaccination is the best protection against serious pneumococcal infections and their complications. […] Qubec has 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: This vaccine protects against the 23 most common types of pneumococcal infection. […] pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: Conjugate vaccines protect against the most common types of pneumococcal infection.

• #92 Prevention of pneumococcal diseases in the post-seven valent vaccine era: A European perspective | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-12-207

  PCVs reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and acute otitis media (AOM) caused by vaccine serotypes. […] Extension of the vaccine serotype spectrum beyond PCV7 may provide additional benefit in preventing the evolution of AOM. […] Recent evaluations highlight the public health significance of indirect benefits, prevention of pneumonia and AOM and coverage of non-PCV7 serotypes by higher valency vaccines. […] Routine vaccination has greatly reduced the burden of pneumococcal diseases in children. […] Pneumococcal vaccines with broadened serotype coverage are likely to continue decreasing the burden of invasive disease, and community acquired pneumonia in children. […] Further reductions in pneumococcal carriage and increased prevention of early AOM infections may prevent the evolution of severe, complicated AOM. […] Evaluation of the public health benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines should include consideration of non-invasive pneumococcal infections, indirect effects of vaccination and broadened serotype coverage.

• #93 Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Available Pneumococcal Vaccines

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/1/30

  Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) places a considerable burden on society. A substantial number of pediatric and adult CAP cases are due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, but fortunately there are effective vaccines available that have a significant impact on CAP-related medical, social, and economic problems. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the published evidence concerning the impact of pneumococcal vaccines on the prevention of CAP in children and adults. Available data indicate that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are effective in children, reducing all-cause CAP cases and bacteremic and nonbacteremic CAP cases. Moreover, at least for PCV7 and PCV13, vaccination of children is effective in reducing the incidence of CAP among adults. […] A substantial number of pediatric and adult CAP cases are due to Streptococcus pneumonia (S. pneumoniae), but fortunately there are effective vaccines available that are likely to have a significant impact on CAP-related medical, social, and economic problems. This manuscript aims to study the impact of pneumococcal vaccines on the prevention of CAP in children and adults.

• #94 Pneumococcal Vaccination: Optimizing Preventive Strategies and Reducing Disease Burden

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/pneumococcal-vaccination-optimizing-preventive-strategies-and-reducing-disease-burden

  Pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common medical concern in young children, older adults, and the immunocompromised. Two vaccines, PPSV23 (Pneumovax 23) and PCV13 (Prevnar 13), are available for the prevention of conditions caused by this bacterium and are recommended for routine use and for use in those with high-risk comorbidities. While these vaccines do not cover all serotypes, they have produced a significant reduction in both invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal diseases. […] Reducing the burden of pneumococcal infections has been a significant public health priority. The Healthy People 2010 initiative aimed to reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases to 46 per 100,000 in children and 42 per 100,000 in adults. These goals were achieved with the introduction of PCV7, with 22 new cases and 41 new cases, respectively. Healthy People 2020 seeks to further reduce IPD rates to 12 and 31 new cases per 100,000 in children and adults, respectively. The use of vaccination strategies to decrease the burden of pneumococcal disease will be reviewed here.

• #95 Prevention of pneumococcal diseases in the post-seven valent vaccine era: A European perspective | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-12-207

  The burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in young children decreased dramatically following introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). […] Recently introduced higher valency pneumococcal vaccines target the residual burden of invasive and non-invasive infections, including those caused by serotypes not included in PCV7. […] Surveillance data show increased circulation of the non-PCV7 vaccine serotypes 1, 3, 6A, 6C, 7F and 19A in countries with routine vaccination. […] Preliminary evidence suggests that broadened serotype coverage offered by higher valency vaccines may be having an effect on invasive disease caused by some of those serotypes, including 19A, 7F and 6C. […] However, recent reports indicate that pneumococcal vaccination has reduced hospitalisations of children for vaccine serotype pneumonia.

• #96 Vaccine strategies for prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada | The College of Family Physicians of Canada

  https://www.cfp.ca/content/65/9/625

  Vaccination with PPSV23 in Canada is cost-effective, and implementing a schedule of PCV13 followed by PPSV23 for all currently recommended adult groups is predicted to be cost-effective. […] Recent NACI recommendations advise using PCV13 followed by PPSV23 8 or more weeks later for all immunocompromised adults and immunocompetent adults aged 65 years and older. Revaccination with PPSV23 is recommended after 5 years for all adults at highest risk. […] We therefore recommend consideration of PCV13 vaccination for high-risk individuals based on superior PCV immunogenicity compared with PPSV23 in these populations.

• #97 Pneumococcal Disease in Iraq | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/pneumococcal-disease-global-disease-prevention-strategies-with-a-focus-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  The WHO recommends the inclusion of PCVs in childhood immunization programs globally. […] The disease targeted by the vaccine should be a public health and political priority. […] The performance of the available vaccine, with respect to its efficacy, safety, and effectiveness, should also be taken into consideration prior to its introduction into the NIP. […] The current PCV vaccination status in Iraq warrants breaking this inertia in vaccine accessibility and coverage to harness the health, economic, and social benefits of immunization. […] Low education levels, lack of disease and vaccine awareness among people as well as health care providers (HCPs), concerns about side effects, and socioeconomic factors such as health care system delivery challenges have often been listed as barriers to vaccine acceptance.

• #98 2019 NFID Survey: Attitudes about Influenza and Pneumococcal Disease Prevention – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/resource/2019-nfid-survey-attitudes-about-influenza-and-pneumococcal-disease-prevention/

  Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria and can cause various types of illness, including pneumonia, meningitis, ear and sinus infections, and sepsis. […] Among adults age 65 years and older, or those with an underlying health condition who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease, there are gaps in awareness and understanding about pneumococcal disease and vaccination. […] Nearly 60 percent of individuals at higher risk report that they have never been advised to get vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. […] Among the high-risk individuals, 70 percent report that they are not planning on receiving a vaccine to prevent pneumococcal disease. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are safe and effective; most side effects are mild, such as arm swelling or soreness, and last one or two days. […] The survey findings also underscore the need to educate populations at increased risk, including people with chronic health conditions such as lung disease, heart disease, and diabetes.

• #99 Pneumococcal Vaccine – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507794/

  The CDC suggests shared clinical decision-making between patients and clinicians as it has been shown to increase vaccination rates among adults. […] All interprofessional healthcare team members, including clinicians (MDs, DOs, NPs, PAs), nursing staff, and pharmacists, should educate patients on the benefits of the pneumococcal vaccine, answer patient questions, alleviate any concerns they may have about the vaccine, and provide information for the patient in the unlikely event that they experience an adverse reaction.

• #100 Vaccination for the Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/vaccination-for-the-prevention-of-pneumococcal-disease

  Overall, the vaccine is 60% to 70% effective in preventing invasive disease, specifically bacteremia, but has not been shown to provide protection against pneumococcal pneumonia. […] In addition to adults aged 65 years and older, immunocompromised persons aged 2 or more years who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease or its complications should be vaccinated. […] The first pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Prevnar, was licensed in the U.S. in 2000. […] PCV7 was shown to reduce invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes by 97%, and disease caused by all serotypes–including those not in the vaccine–by 89%. […] Both vaccines are inactive and administered by intramuscular injection; therefore, the most common adverse reactions are local site reactions. […] One of the Healthy People 2010 objectives is to achieve 90% coverage of noninstitutionalized adults aged 65 years and older for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

• #101 2019 NFID Survey: Attitudes about Influenza and Pneumococcal Disease Prevention – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/resource/2019-nfid-survey-attitudes-about-influenza-and-pneumococcal-disease-prevention/

  Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria and can cause various types of illness, including pneumonia, meningitis, ear and sinus infections, and sepsis. […] Among adults age 65 years and older, or those with an underlying health condition who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease, there are gaps in awareness and understanding about pneumococcal disease and vaccination. […] Nearly 60 percent of individuals at higher risk report that they have never been advised to get vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. […] Among the high-risk individuals, 70 percent report that they are not planning on receiving a vaccine to prevent pneumococcal disease. […] Pneumococcal vaccines are safe and effective; most side effects are mild, such as arm swelling or soreness, and last one or two days. […] The survey findings also underscore the need to educate populations at increased risk, including people with chronic health conditions such as lung disease, heart disease, and diabetes.

• #102 Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Available Pneumococcal Vaccines

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/1/30

  Available data indicate that PCVs are effective in children, reducing all-cause CAP cases and bacteremic and nonbacteremic CAP cases. Moreover, at least for PCV7 and PCV13, an impact on CAPs among adult people is demonstrated. The only relevant problem for PCV13 is the risk of a second replacement phenomenon, similar to that already reported for PCV7, that might significantly reduce its real efficacy in clinical practice. Protein-based pneumococcal vaccines might be a possible solution for this problem.

• #103 Commentary: Pneumococcal disease: is prevention possible? | Atención Primaria

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-atencion-primaria-27-articulo-commentary-pneumococcal-disease-is-prevention-13037692

  The recent appearance of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines, which are currently useful in pediatrics, appears to disrupt the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci, and thereby reduce the rate of resistance in the immunized population and persons who come in contact with immunized individuals, as a result of the herd effect. […] A fundamental consideration is immunological memory. […] In conclusion, these are the main issues awaiting resolution: The population of older persons who respond poorly to 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccination can be identified as a target population for improved vaccines (conjugate and DNA, currently in the experimental phase). […] Whether smoking cessation decreases the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in older persons should be investigated.

• #104 Capvaxive’s EU Approval and Impact on Pneumococcal Disease Prevention: A Focus on At-Risk Populations

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/capvaxive-s-eu-approval-and-impact-on-pneumococcal-disease-prevention-a-focus-on-at-risk-populations

  The European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended the approval of Capvaxive (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for adults aged 18 and older to prevent invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. […] Merck is also investing in real-world evidence studies to assess Capvaxive’s effectiveness beyond clinical trials. […] „One of the investments that we’re making is a real-world observational study to evaluate Capvaxive and how it prevents pneumococcal pneumonia.” […] „We need to know how this vaccine is going to perform in a real-world setting with actual individuals coming in to get vaccinated, or if they’re already presenting to a hospital.”

• #105 Zintellect – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – CDC’s NCIRD Public Health Internship Program – Pneumococcal Vaccine Research Fellowship – CDC-NCIRD-2024-0240

  https://www.zintellect.com/Opportunity/Details/CDC-NCIRD-2024-0240

  RDB is seeking a qualified and motivated candidate to collaborate with RDB staff to review evidence of pneumococcal epidemiology and vaccines to help inform ACIP pneumococcal vaccines Work Group discussions. […] The fellow will become a member of a team that is conducting a systematic review of literature to synthesize evidence on key pneumococcal vaccine policy questions for a Strategic review Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE). […] The fellow will receive training with Division of Bacterial Diseases (DBD) mentors in current pneumococcal disease epidemiology, vaccine policies, and will experience how evidence is synthesized to support vaccine policy discussions at a global level.

• #106 Capvaxive’s EU Approval and Impact on Pneumococcal Disease Prevention: A Focus on At-Risk Populations

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/capvaxive-s-eu-approval-and-impact-on-pneumococcal-disease-prevention-a-focus-on-at-risk-populations

  The European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended the approval of Capvaxive (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for adults aged 18 and older to prevent invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. […] Merck is also investing in real-world evidence studies to assess Capvaxive’s effectiveness beyond clinical trials. […] „One of the investments that we’re making is a real-world observational study to evaluate Capvaxive and how it prevents pneumococcal pneumonia.” […] „We need to know how this vaccine is going to perform in a real-world setting with actual individuals coming in to get vaccinated, or if they’re already presenting to a hospital.”

• #107 Immunizations: Pneumococcal Disease (Streptococcus Pneumoniae) | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/immunization/pneumo.htm

  Pneumococcal disease is a name for any infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. […] The best way to prevent pneumococcal disease is to get vaccinated. […] Vaccines are the best way to prevent pneumococcal disease. […] There are two safe and effective pneumococcal vaccines available in the United States: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV13, PCV15, or PCV20) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] All children younger than 2 years old and all adults 65 years or older should get vaccinated. […] It’s important to get an influenza vaccine every year because having the flu increases your chance of getting pneumococcal disease. […] It’s best to prevent pneumococcal infections through vaccination, rather than depend on antibiotic treatment after getting infected.

• #108 Should I Get the Pneumococcal Vaccine? 5 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/should-i-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine-5-things-to-know

  Preventing infection is also important for people with illnesses that can worsen their prognosis. […] In addition to getting the pneumococcal vaccine, it helps to get the recommended vaccines for flu, COVID-19, and RSV, since those vaccines help prevent complications from those diseases, which includes pneumonia. […] This is all preventable with the pneumococcal vaccine.

• #109 Pneumococcal Disease and Vaccine | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases-and-vaccines/pneumococcal-vaccine

  Getting pneumococcal vaccine is effective at preventing the disease. Some types of pneumococcal disease can be very serious, including invasive disease. Invasive disease means the bacteria invade parts of the body, such as blood, that are normally free from germs. Invasive disease is usually very serious and can sometimes result in death. Getting sick with pneumococcal disease does not prevent you from getting pneumococcal disease again, which is why its very important to get vaccinated. […] Pneumococcal disease can be very deadly. Pneumococcal pneumonia kills 1 in 20 who get it. Pneumococcal meningitis kills 1 in 12 children and 1 in 6 adults who get it. Pneumococcal bacteremia kills 1 in 30 children and 1 in 8 adults who get it. […] Since the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in 1998, invasive pneumococcal disease has decreased by 95 percent in children under 5 years of age.

• #110 Should I Get the Pneumococcal Vaccine? 5 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/should-i-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine-5-things-to-know

  Preventing infection is also important for people with illnesses that can worsen their prognosis. […] In addition to getting the pneumococcal vaccine, it helps to get the recommended vaccines for flu, COVID-19, and RSV, since those vaccines help prevent complications from those diseases, which includes pneumonia. […] This is all preventable with the pneumococcal vaccine.

• #111 Pneumococcal Vaccine – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507794/

  The CDC suggests shared clinical decision-making between patients and clinicians as it has been shown to increase vaccination rates among adults. […] All interprofessional healthcare team members, including clinicians (MDs, DOs, NPs, PAs), nursing staff, and pharmacists, should educate patients on the benefits of the pneumococcal vaccine, answer patient questions, alleviate any concerns they may have about the vaccine, and provide information for the patient in the unlikely event that they experience an adverse reaction.

• #112 Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations Update – Missouri Long-Term Care Information Update

  https://ltc.health.mo.gov/archives/16944

  CDC recommended lowering the age for routine adult pneumococcal vaccination from 65 to 50 years old. Adults who are 19 through 49 years old with certain risk conditions should continue to get vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. There are now three pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15, PCV20, PCV21) available for adult vaccination. Healthcare providers can use any of these products to vaccinate adults against pneumococcal disease. Typically, only one dose of pneumococcal vaccine is needed as an adult. However, if PCV15 is used, a second type of vaccine (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, PPSV23) is needed. […] Job aids for adult pneumococcal vaccination Shared clinical decision-making: This job aid should assist vaccine providers in discussions with older adults considering PCV20 or PCV21 vaccination. Vaccine timing for adults: This job aid should help vaccine providers interpret adult pneumococcal vaccine recommendations.

• #113

  https://reverehealth.com/live-better/make-prevention-a-priority-get-the-pneumococcal-vaccine/

  Pneumococcal disease is highly contagious and can be dangerous for certain populations. Thats why vaccination is critical. It is the most effective way to prevent pneumococcal disease. […] The vaccine is especially important for people who have lung conditions (like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) because they are more susceptible to complications from pneumococcal disease. […] There are currently two vaccines available to prevent pneumococcal disease: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend PCV13 and PPSV23 to people who are 65 and older and people with certain health conditions and habits, including: Chronic heart, liver, kidney or lung diseases, Diabetes, Alcoholism, Cigarette smoking, Cochlear implants, Cerebrospinal fluid leaks, Conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or cancer.

• #114 Pneumococcal vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-16-pneumococcal-vaccine.html

  This chapter provides National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommendations for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines Vaxneuvance (PNEU-C-15), Prevnar20 (PNEU-C-20), and CAPVAXIVE (PNEU-C-21). […] Pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for routine immunization of infants, children and adults, as well as those at increased risk of IPD (Table 1). […] Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent IPD. […] One (1) dose of Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 should be offered to all adults 65 years of age regardless of their pneumococcal vaccination status with Pneu-C-13, Pneu-C-15 or Pneu-P-23. […] Regardless of their pneumococcal vaccination history with Pneu-C-13, Pneu-C-15 or Pneu-P-23, one dose of Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 is recommended for adults with IPD risk factors (Table 1).

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