Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Rubella – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rubella/symptoms-causes/syc-20377310

  Rubella is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. It’s also called German measles or three-day measles. This infection may cause mild or no symptoms in most people. However, it can cause serious problems for unborn babies whose mothers become infected during pregnancy. […] The signs and symptoms of rubella are often difficult to notice, especially in children. Signs and symptoms generally appear between two and three weeks after exposure to the virus. They usually last about 1 to 5 days and may include: Mild fever of 102 F (38.9 C) or lower, Headache, Stuffy or runny nose, Red, itchy eyes, Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the base of the skull, the back of the neck and behind the ears, A fine, pink rash that begins on the face and quickly spreads to the trunk and then the arms and legs, before disappearing in the same order, Aching joints, especially in young women.

• #1 Rubella Symptoms and Complications | Rubella | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Most children and adults who get rubella usually have mild illness with a rash starting on the face. […] Rubella is usually mild, with few noticeable symptoms. […] For children who do have symptoms, a red rash is typically the first sign. The rash generally first appears on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body, lasting about 3 days. […] Other symptoms that may occur 1 to 5 days before the rash appears include low-grade fever, headache, mild pink eye (redness or swelling of the white of the eye), general discomfort, swollen and enlarged lymph nodes, cough, and runny nose. […] Most adults who get rubella usually have a mild illness, with low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. […] Some adults may also have a headache, pink eye, and general discomfort before the rash appears. […] About 25 to 50% of people infected with rubella will not develop a rash or experience any symptoms, but they can still spread the infection to others.

• #1 Rubella (German Measles): Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17798-rubella

  Rubella causes a pink or red rash that usually starts on your face, neck and trunk and spreads to the rest of your body. […] Rubella’s prominent symptom is a rash that usually starts on your face and moves down the rest of your body. In young children, a rash is often their first symptom. In older children and adults, the rash can appear a few days after other symptoms start. […] Symptoms of rubella include: Rash. Low fever. Cough. Sore throat. Runny nose. Headache. Pink eye. Joint pain. Generally feeling unwell (malaise). Swollen lymph nodes. […] Rubella usually causes mild illness and goes away on its own. Since it can be contagious for up to two weeks, you should avoid being around other people as much as possible while you have symptoms and for a week after your rash appears. […] Rubella causes a rash that usually lasts about three days. Other symptoms can last a few days to a week.

• #1 Rubella (German Measles) | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/health-article/rubella-german-measles/

  Rubella infection may begin with 12 days of mild fever (99-100F, 37.2-37.8C) and swollen, tender lymph nodes, usually in the back of the neck or behind the ears. A rash then begins on the face and spreads downward. As it spreads, it usually clears on the face. […] The rubella rash is often the first sign of illness that a parent notices. It can look like many other viral rashes, appearing as either pink or light red spots, which may merge to form evenly colored patches. The rash can itch and lasts up to 3 days. As the rash clears, the affected skin might shed in very fine flakes. […] Other symptoms of rubella, which are more common in teens and adults, can include headache, loss of appetite, mild conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eyelids and eyeballs), a stuffy or runny nose, swollen lymph nodes in other parts of the body, and pain and swollen joints. Many people with rubella have few or no symptoms. […] The rubella rash usually lasts 3 days. Lymph nodes may be swollen for a week or more, and joint pain can last for more than 2 weeks. Children who have rubella usually recover within 1 week, but adults may take longer.

• #1 Rubella (german measles)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rubella/

  Rubella (german measles) is a rare illness that causes a spotty rash. It usually gets better in about a week, but it can be serious if you get it when you’re pregnant. […] The main symptom of rubella is a spotty rash that starts on the face or behind the ears and spreads to the neck and body. The rash takes 2 to 3 weeks to appear after getting rubella. […] Rubella can also cause: aching fingers, wrists or knees; a high temperature; coughs; sneezing and a runny nose; headaches; a sore throat; sore, red eyes. […] Rubella usually gets better in about a week. […] Its infectious from 1 week before the symptoms start and for 5 days after the rash first appears. […] Rubella is very rare in pregnancy. But if you get it when you’re pregnant, rubella could harm your baby. It can cause: loss of the baby (miscarriage); serious problems after the baby is born such as problems with their sight, hearing, heart, or brain. The risk is highest if you get rubella early in pregnancy.

• #1 Rubella – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/rubella/

  Rubella, sometimes called German measles, is a disease caused by a virus. The infection is usually mild with fever and rash, but if a pregnant woman gets infected, the virus can cause serious birth defects. […] In children, rubella usually causes a low-grade fever (less than 101 degrees) and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. These symptoms may last two or three days. Older children with rubella usually first suffer from low-grade fever, swollen glands in the neck or behind the ears, and upper respiratory infection, before they develop a rash. Rubella is usually mild in children. […] Complications of rubella are rare, but they occur more often in adults. Adults (especially young women) may have aching joints, headache, and pink eye before the rash appears. Up to 70% of women who get rubella may experience arthritis; this is rare in children and men. In rare cases, rubella can cause serious problems, including brain infections and bleeding problems.

• #1 Rubella – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella

  In children, rubella normally causes symptoms that last two days and include: Rash begins on the face which spreads to the rest of the body. Low fever of less than 38.3 C (100.9 F). Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. […] Severe complications of rubella include: Brain inflammation (encephalitis) […] Coryza in rubella may convert to pneumonia, either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia, and bronchitis (either viral bronchitis or secondary bacterial bronchitis). […] Rubella can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the newborn, this being the most severe sequela of rubella. The syndrome (CRS) follows intrauterine infection by the rubella virus and comprises cardiac, cerebral, ophthalmic, and auditory defects. It may also cause prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hepatitis. The risk of major defects in organogenesis is highest for infection in the first trimester. CRS is the main reason a vaccine for rubella was developed.

• #1 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p02542

  Rubella is a viral illness that causes a mild fever and a skin rash. […] Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each child. The most common symptoms start with: A period of not feeling well, Low fever, Runny nose, Diarrhea. […] Then a rash appears. The rash: Starts on the face as a pink rash with areas of small, raised lesions, Spreads down to the torso, arms, and legs as the face rash clears up, Fades in 3 to 5 days. […] A child is most contagious when the rash is appearing. But a child may be contagious from 7 days before the rash to 7 days after the rash has started. […] The symptoms of rubella can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees their healthcare provider for a diagnosis. […] Rubella is dangerous to a baby in the womb. It can cause a pregnant woman to have a miscarriage. A baby in the womb can also get rubella from their mother during pregnancy. This can lead to severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. […] It starts with a low fever, runny nose, and diarrhea. Then a rash appears on the face, and spreads down the body. […] Treatment includes rest and drinking plenty of fluids.

• #1 Rubella (German Measles) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/rubella-german-measles/

  Rubella, sometimes called German measles, is a contagious disease caused by a virus. Most people who get rubella usually have a mild illness. […] In children, rubella is usually mild, with few noticeable symptoms. For children who do have symptoms, a red rash is typically the first sign. The rash is often more prominent after a hot shower or bath and generally first appears on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body, lasting about three days. Other symptoms that may occur 1 to 5 days before the rash appears include: Low-grade fever (less than 101 degrees), Headache, Mild pink eye (redness or swelling of the whites of the eyes), General discomfort, Swollen and enlarged lymph nodes, Cough, Runny nose. […] Most adults who get rubella usually have a mild illness, with low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Before the rash appears, some adults may also have: Headache, Pink eye, General discomfort, Aching joints (especially young women). […] About half of the people who get rubella do not have any symptoms.

• #1 German Measles (Rubella): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rubella

  German measles, also known as rubella, is a viral infection that causes a red rash on the body. Aside from the rash, people with German measles usually have a fever and swollen lymph nodes. […] The symptoms of German measles are often so mild that theyre difficult to notice. When symptoms do occur, they usually develop within two to three weeks after the initial exposure to the virus. They often last about three to seven days and may include: pink or red rash that begins on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body, mild fever, usually under 102F, swollen and tender lymph nodes, runny or stuffy nose, headache, muscle pain, inflamed or red eyes. […] In rare cases, German measles can lead to ear infections and brain swelling. Call your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following symptoms during or after a German measles infection: prolonged headache, earache, stiff neck.

• #1 Rubella – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rubella/symptoms-causes/syc-20377310

  If you’re pregnant and you develop rubella, especially during the first trimester, the virus can cause death or serious birth defects in the developing fetus. Rubella during pregnancy is the most common cause of congenital deafness. It’s best to be protected against rubella before pregnancy. […] Rubella is a mild infection. Some women who have had rubella experience arthritis in the fingers, wrists and knees, which generally lasts for about one month. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection or inflammation of the brain. […] The highest risk to the fetus is during the first trimester, but exposure later in pregnancy also is dangerous.

• #1 Rubella | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/rubella/

  Rubella (german measles) is a rare infection. Its usually a mild condition that gets better without treatment in 7 to 10 days. […] Symptoms of rubella include: a red-pink skin rash made up of small spots, swollen glands around the head and neck, a high temperature (fever), cold-like symptoms such as a cough and runny nose, aching and painful joints more common in adults. […] The symptoms of rubella usually only last a few days, but your glands may be swollen for several weeks. […] It can take 2 to 3 weeks for symptoms to develop. […] If you have rubella, youll be infectious to other people from 1 week before symptoms develop, and for up to 5 days after the rash first appears. […] Rubella is usually only serious if a pregnant woman catches the infection during the first 20 weeks of her pregnancy. […] The birth defects caused by the rubella virus are known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The earlier in the pregnancy, the greater the risk.

• #1 About Rubella | Rubella | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/about/index.html

  Rubella is usually mild, with few noticeable symptoms. For children who do have symptoms, a red rash appearing on the face is typically the first sign. […] Most adults who get rubella usually have a mild illness with: Low-grade fever, Sore throat, A rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. […] Up to 70% of women may experience arthritis as a rubella complication; this is rare in children and men. […] If you are pregnant and infected with rubella, you can pass it to your developing baby which cause serious harm. […] There is no specific medicine to treat rubella or make the disease go away faster. In many cases, symptoms are mild. For others, mild symptoms can be managed with bed rest and medicines for fever, such as acetaminophen.

• #1 Rubella (German Measles): Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17798-rubella

  The most common and serious complications of rubella are pregnancy loss (miscarriage) and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). CRS happens in babies born to someone who had rubella while pregnant. Less common complications include: Arthritis. Low platelets (thrombocytopenia). Brain swelling (encephalitis). […] Yes, rubella can cause miscarriage in a pregnant woman. It can also cause conditions like cataracts, heart disease and hearing loss in your baby from birth.

• #1 Rubella (German measles)

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/rubella-german-measles

  Rubella is a viral infection. In healthy individuals, it is usually a mild disease (characterised by a fever and rash). […] Up to 50% of people infected with rubella do not experience symptoms. In symptomatic cases, after an incubation period of 2-3 weeks, when symptoms do occur, they include: red rash, swollen lymph glands around the ears and the back of the head, pain and inflammation of the joints in adults. […] In rare instances, complications like skin bleeding, brain infection, neuritis, and testicle inflammation can occur.

• #1 Overview: Rubella (German measles) – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563972/

  Rubella usually goes unnoticed or only causes mild cold-like symptoms such as a cough, runny nose and headache. Sometimes it also leads to swollen lymph nodes in the neck area, a mild fever or conjunctivitis (pink eye). […] That might be followed by a pink or red spotty skin rash that doesnt itch. […] The rash starts behind the ears, spreads across the face, and then across the rest of the body. It goes away again after 1 to 3 days. Children usually only have the rash. Adults often have a headache, joint pain and a fever too. […] The symptoms of rubella only start appearing 2 to 3 weeks after infection. They last about one week. […] Rubella is usually a harmless infection. In rare cases, it can lead to bronchitis, middle ear infection, or inflammation of the heart muscle or brain. […] But rubella can be dangerous for unborn children: If a woman gets rubella in the first four months of pregnancy, it can seriously harm her child, for instance by causing damage to their eyes, heart or inner ear (deafness). Brain damage is also possible. It can also lead to a miscarriage or premature birth. The risk of rubella harming the baby is very low after four months of pregnancy, though.

• #1 Rubella – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559040/

  The development of polyarthritis and polyarthralgia is the most common complication of rubella infection, affecting up to 70% of adolescents and adult women. It is usually symmetric and involves the wrists, fingers, knees, and ankles. Other manifestations, although rare, include thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, myocarditis, pericarditis, hepatitis, orchitis, retinopathy, uveitis, Guillain-Barr syndrome, and post-infection encephalitis. Rubella infection during pregnancy may lead to miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, premature labor, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital rubella syndrome.

• #1 Rubella – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella

  90% of mothers who contract rubella within the critical first trimester have either a miscarriage or a stillborn baby. If the fetus survives the infection, it can be born with severe heart disorders (patent ductus arteriosus being the most common), blindness, deafness, or other life-threatening organ disorders. The skin manifestations are called „blueberry muffin lesions”.

• #1 Rubella (German Measles or Three-Day Measles)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/rubella/fact_sheet.htm

  Up to 85 percent of infants infected with rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy will suffer birth defects and/or neurologic abnormalities (Congenital Rubella Syndrome, CRS). […] Rubella may be transmitted from seven days before to seven days after the rash appears. […] Rubella infection is dangerous because of its ability to damage an unborn baby. If rubella immunization was discontinued, immunity to rubella would decline and rubella disease would return. The danger would be to pregnant women who, if infected, could pass the disease to their infants (fetuses) causing CRS. […] Congenital rubella syndrome occurs among at least 25 percent of infants born to women who had rubella during the first three months of pregnancy. Infection of a pregnant woman can result in a miscarriage, stillbirth or the birth of an infant with abnormalities which may include deafness, blindness, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardation, liver and spleen damage.

• #1 Rubella (German Measles): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-rubella

  The most serious complications could happen during pregnancy, when the virus can pass from you to your baby in the womb. The risk is highest during the first 3 months of pregnancy. […] Babies who are infected can have serious conditions at birth like CRS. This is very rare in the U.S., but a baby can get it if they travel to another country where the virus spreads. […] Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a condition that happens when a child becomes infected with the rubella virus via their mother during pregnancy. If you’re infected with rubella during early pregnancy, you could have a miscarriage or your baby could be stillborn, born with birth defects, or hearing impairment. The risk of your baby being infected with the rubella virus and being born with serious associated conditions is greatest during your first trimester of pregnancy (through week 12) and decreases afterward (rare after the 20th week).

• #1 Rubella (German Measles)

  https://lakecountyin.gov/departments/health/nursing-clinic/diseases-and-conditions/childrens-conditions/rubella-german-measles

  Rubella is usually a mild illness, but complications can occur, particularly in adults and pregnant women. Possible complications include: Arthritis: Rubella can cause joint pain or arthritis, particularly in adult women. This is usually temporary but can be uncomfortable. Encephalitis: Though rare, the rubella virus can cause inflammation of the brain, leading to severe neurological complications. Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS): If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, the virus can cross the placenta and infect the developing fetus. CRS can lead to serious birth defects, including: Heart Defects: Such as patent ductus arteriosus or pulmonary stenosis. Deafness: Hearing impairment or complete loss of hearing. Eye Abnormalities: Including cataracts or retinopathy. Intellectual Disabilities: Developmental delays and cognitive impairments. Liver and Spleen Problems: Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Skin Rash: A characteristic rash may be present at birth. […] The risk of CRS is highest if rubella is contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy, particularly during the first 12 weeks.

• #1 Rubella in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=rubella-in-children-90-P02542

  Rubella is dangerous to a baby in the womb. It can cause a pregnant woman to have a miscarriage. A baby in the womb can also get rubella from his or her mother during pregnancy. This can lead to severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. Signs of congenital rubella syndrome can include: Cataracts in the eyes, Deafness, Heart problems, Learning problems, Growth delays, Enlarged liver and spleen, Skin lesions, Bleeding problems. […] It starts with a low fever, runny nose, and diarrhea. Then a rash appears on the face, and spreads down the body. […] Treatment includes rest and drinking plenty of fluids.

• #1 Factsheet about congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/congenital-rubella-syndrome/facts

  Symptoms are often mild, and up to 50% of infections may not present symptoms or be subclinical. […] However, as many as 85 out of 100 babies born to mothers who had rubella shortly before or during the first three months of pregnancy may develop health problems, so-called congenital rubella syndrome. […] Symptoms can appear in the infant immediately at birth and up to the age of four years. Late-onset manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome are diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and visual or neurological abnormalities.

• #1

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/rubella-german-measles.aspx

  Symptoms start usually between 14 to 21 days after exposure. People with rubella are usually infectious from seven days before the rash starts until seven days after the rash has gone. […] Congenital rubella syndrome happens to 90 per cent of babies born to women who are infected with rubella during the first ten weeks of their pregnancy. It can cause stillbirth, miscarriage or birth defects including heart defects, deafness and eye problems. […] A blood test can diagnose rubella. However, rubella can be difficult to diagnose because there are many other viruses that cause similar symptoms.

• #1 What Is the Difference Between Rubella and Rubeola?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-the-difference-between-rubella-and-rubeola

  Rubella, also known as German measles, is an infection by the rubella virus. […] With both of these infections, it can take about 1 to 3 weeks after exposure to develop symptoms. This is called the incubation period. Sometimes, rubella symptoms can be so mild you might not even notice that you’re sick. […] Once they do appear, the most common symptoms include fever, a rash that starts on the head or face, and red or irritated eyes. […] With rubella, a high fever will begin suddenly and appear before a rash. The fever usually lasts for 3 or 4 days. The rash appears as the fever fades. […] A rubella rash often begins on the face with fine pink bumps. It may be slightly itchy. […] Other rubella symptoms can include: headache, pink eye or mild swelling and redness of the eye, general achiness, cough, stuffy nose, swollen lymph nodes.

• #1 Rubella and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/rubella-and-pregnancy

  Some people have no symptoms so you may not know that you or they have rubella. […] Rubella can be serious for the baby, especially during the first 3 months. Having rubella during pregnancy increases the risk of: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) This is a condition that happens when a pregnant person passes rubella to their baby during pregnancy. It may cause your baby to be born with one or more birth defects, including heart problems, vision problems, deafness, intellectual disability, low birthweight, bone marrow problems, and liver and spleen damage. There is no cure for CRS. […] If you have rubella during pregnancy, your babys provider will carefully monitor your baby after birth to find any problems early.

• #2 Rubella – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559040/

  Rubella, or German measles, is a mild viral infection that typically occurs in children and non-immune young adults. It typically begins with low-grade fever, malaise, and lymphadenopathy, followed by a brief generalized erythematous maculopapular rash. […] In nonpregnant individuals, rubella is generally a self-limited and benign infection. However, maternal rubella infection, especially during the first 10 weeks of gestation, can result in miscarriage, fetal death, or severe birth defects collectively known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). […] The incubation period ranges from 14 to 21 days and is followed by a prodromal illness characterized by low-grade fever, malaise, anorexia, headaches, sore throat, and adenopathy. The lymphadenopathy typically involves postauricular, suboccipital, and anterior cervical lymph nodes. The exanthem could be the first manifestation in children and consists of pinpoint pink macules and papules that classically begin on the face and rapidly spreads to involve the trunk and extremities.

• #2 Rubella | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/rubella/

  Rubella (german measles) is a rare infection. Its usually a mild condition that gets better without treatment in 7 to 10 days. […] Symptoms of rubella include: a red-pink skin rash made up of small spots, swollen glands around the head and neck, a high temperature (fever), cold-like symptoms such as a cough and runny nose, aching and painful joints more common in adults. […] The symptoms of rubella usually only last a few days, but your glands may be swollen for several weeks. […] It can take 2 to 3 weeks for symptoms to develop. […] If you have rubella, youll be infectious to other people from 1 week before symptoms develop, and for up to 5 days after the rash first appears. […] Rubella is usually only serious if a pregnant woman catches the infection during the first 20 weeks of her pregnancy. […] The birth defects caused by the rubella virus are known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The earlier in the pregnancy, the greater the risk.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles) | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/health-article/rubella-german-measles/

  Rubella infection may begin with 12 days of mild fever (99-100F, 37.2-37.8C) and swollen, tender lymph nodes, usually in the back of the neck or behind the ears. A rash then begins on the face and spreads downward. As it spreads, it usually clears on the face. […] The rubella rash is often the first sign of illness that a parent notices. It can look like many other viral rashes, appearing as either pink or light red spots, which may merge to form evenly colored patches. The rash can itch and lasts up to 3 days. As the rash clears, the affected skin might shed in very fine flakes. […] Other symptoms of rubella, which are more common in teens and adults, can include headache, loss of appetite, mild conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eyelids and eyeballs), a stuffy or runny nose, swollen lymph nodes in other parts of the body, and pain and swollen joints. Many people with rubella have few or no symptoms. […] The rubella rash usually lasts 3 days. Lymph nodes may be swollen for a week or more, and joint pain can last for more than 2 weeks. Children who have rubella usually recover within 1 week, but adults may take longer.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/rubella-german-measles/

  Rubella, sometimes called German measles, is a contagious disease caused by a virus. Most people who get rubella usually have a mild illness. […] In children, rubella is usually mild, with few noticeable symptoms. For children who do have symptoms, a red rash is typically the first sign. The rash is often more prominent after a hot shower or bath and generally first appears on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body, lasting about three days. Other symptoms that may occur 1 to 5 days before the rash appears include: Low-grade fever (less than 101 degrees), Headache, Mild pink eye (redness or swelling of the whites of the eyes), General discomfort, Swollen and enlarged lymph nodes, Cough, Runny nose. […] Most adults who get rubella usually have a mild illness, with low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Before the rash appears, some adults may also have: Headache, Pink eye, General discomfort, Aching joints (especially young women). […] About half of the people who get rubella do not have any symptoms.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles) Symptoms, Vaccine & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/rubella/

  A rash may be the most noticeable symptom of rubella. The rash will typically develop one to five days after other symptoms and will be recognizable by: Pink, pinpoint bumps on a red, flat patch of skin, also known as a maculopapular rash, Rash first appearing on the face, then spreading downwards, towards the trunk and limbs, Rash covers most of the body within 24 hours. […] The rash tends to last three to five days. Other symptoms begin earlier and generally last around a week. […] Symptoms of rubella are similar in adults and children. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms that may be linked to rubella, the free Ada app is ready to carry out a symptom assessment now.

• #2 Rubella Symptoms and Complications | Rubella | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Most children and adults who get rubella usually have mild illness with a rash starting on the face. […] Rubella is usually mild, with few noticeable symptoms. […] For children who do have symptoms, a red rash is typically the first sign. The rash generally first appears on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body, lasting about 3 days. […] Other symptoms that may occur 1 to 5 days before the rash appears include low-grade fever, headache, mild pink eye (redness or swelling of the white of the eye), general discomfort, swollen and enlarged lymph nodes, cough, and runny nose. […] Most adults who get rubella usually have a mild illness, with low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. […] Some adults may also have a headache, pink eye, and general discomfort before the rash appears. […] About 25 to 50% of people infected with rubella will not develop a rash or experience any symptoms, but they can still spread the infection to others.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles): Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17798-rubella

  Rubella causes a pink or red rash that usually starts on your face, neck and trunk and spreads to the rest of your body. […] Rubella’s prominent symptom is a rash that usually starts on your face and moves down the rest of your body. In young children, a rash is often their first symptom. In older children and adults, the rash can appear a few days after other symptoms start. […] Symptoms of rubella include: Rash. Low fever. Cough. Sore throat. Runny nose. Headache. Pink eye. Joint pain. Generally feeling unwell (malaise). Swollen lymph nodes. […] Rubella usually causes mild illness and goes away on its own. Since it can be contagious for up to two weeks, you should avoid being around other people as much as possible while you have symptoms and for a week after your rash appears. […] Rubella causes a rash that usually lasts about three days. Other symptoms can last a few days to a week.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles): Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/rubella-german-measles/

  Rubella, sometimes called German measles, is caused by the rubella virus and spreads through contact with fluids from the respiratory tract, such as during coughing and sneezing. Following infection, it takes 14-21 days for the first symptoms to start, including respiratory symptoms, headache, fever, and feeling irritable and tired. A rash then appears 1-7 days later. […] The child may be irritable, fatigued, and may have a headache, fever, and minor respiratory symptoms. Then, 1-7 days later, the rash often appears. Lymph nodes in the neck and elsewhere in the body may become swollen. […] The rash appears as pink or red macules (small, flat, smooth areas) and papules (small, solid bumps), often first appearing on the face. Within a day, the rash fades from the face and spreads to the trunk, arms, and legs. The macules on the trunk will merge but will appear as distinct lesions on the extremities. As many as 25% of people with rubella have no rash, though. […] The rash may itch, and then it typically goes away in about 3 days. Skin peeling often occurs later in the areas where the rash was. […] The child will be contagious from a week before their symptoms start to a week after the rash appears.

• #2 Rubella – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella

  Rubella has symptoms similar to those of flu. However, the primary symptom of rubella virus infection is the appearance of a rash (exanthem) on the face which spreads to the trunk and limbs and usually fades after three days, which is why it is often referred to as three-day measles. The facial rash usually clears as it spreads to other parts of the body. Other symptoms include low-grade fever, swollen glands (sub-occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy), joint pains, headache, and conjunctivitis. […] The swollen glands or lymph nodes can persist for up to a week and the fever rarely rises above 38 C (100.4 F). The rash of rubella is typically pink or light red. The rash causes itching and often lasts for about three days. The rash disappears after a few days with no staining or peeling of the skin. When the rash clears up, the skin might shed in very small flakes where the rash covered it. Forchheimer spots occur in 20% of cases and are characterized by small, red papules on the area of the soft palate.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles or Three-Day Measles)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/rubella/fact_sheet.htm

  Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease characterized by slight fever, mild rash and swollen glands. […] Symptoms may include a rash, slight fever, joint aches, headache, discomfort, runny nose, sore throat and reddened eyes. The lymph nodes just behind the ears and at the back of the neck may swell, causing some soreness and/or pain. The rash, which may be itchy, first appears on the face and progresses from head to foot, lasting about three days. As many as half of all rubella cases occur without a rash. […] The usual incubation period for rubella is 14 days; with a range of 12 to 23 days. […] Complications occur more frequently in adult women, who may experience arthritis or arthralgia, often affecting the fingers, wrists and knees. These joint symptoms rarely last for more than a month after appearance of the rash.

• #2 Rubella in babies and children | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/rubella-in-babies-and-children

  Rubella is a contagious disease that commonly causes a rash. […] In young children, the first sign of rubella is a pink or red rash. This usually begins on their face and spreads down the body. […] The rash may appear in the form of many small dots which together form a larger, reddened area. Sometimes the rash is itchy and can last for 3 to 4 days. […] Other symptoms of rubella are: a slight fever, sore throat and a runny nose, generally feeling unwell, swollen glands (especially at the back of a child’s neck and behind their ears). […] Symptoms generally begin to show about 14 days after a child has been infected with rubella.

• #2 Can Adults Get Rubella? Infection Symptoms & Complications

  https://www.medicinenet.com/can_adults_get_rubella/article.htm

  Rubella or German measles is an acute viral infection that usually affects children and young adults, with most outbreaks occurring in young adults and unvaccinated adults who have not had the disease before. Adults with the infection tend to have more severe symptoms than children. […] Symptoms of rubella in adults may include: Mild fever, Headache, Red or pink eyes, Swollen glands behind the ears, Tiredness, Joint pain (sore, swollen joints and, less commonly, arthritis), Encephalitis (brain infection) is rare but one of the more serious complications. […] Usually, patients complain of general discomfort one to five days before the rash appears.

• #2 Rubella and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/rubella-and-pregnancy

  Rubella is an infection that causes mild flu-like symptoms and a rash. Rubella is usually mild, with flu-like symptoms followed by a pink or light red rash. The rash usually starts on the face, then spreads to the rest of the body. The rash lasts about 3 days. Other symptoms include: Low-grade fever (102 F/38.9 C or lower), Headache, Loss of appetite, Runny nose, Sore throat, Cough, Red eyes or pink eye (conjunctivitis), Swollen glands in the neck or behind the ears, Muscle aches or joint pain. Up to 7 in 10 (70 percent) teenage and adult women who get rubella develop arthritis. Arthritis is swelling and pain in your joints. Women who are infected with rubella may feel arthritis in their fingers, wrists and knees. This complication is rare in men or children who get rubella. In rare cases, rubella can cause serious problems, including brain infections and bleeding problems.

• #2 About Rubella | Rubella | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/about/index.html

  Rubella is usually mild, with few noticeable symptoms. For children who do have symptoms, a red rash appearing on the face is typically the first sign. […] Most adults who get rubella usually have a mild illness with: Low-grade fever, Sore throat, A rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. […] Up to 70% of women may experience arthritis as a rubella complication; this is rare in children and men. […] If you are pregnant and infected with rubella, you can pass it to your developing baby which cause serious harm. […] There is no specific medicine to treat rubella or make the disease go away faster. In many cases, symptoms are mild. For others, mild symptoms can be managed with bed rest and medicines for fever, such as acetaminophen.

• #2 Rubella (german measles)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rubella/

  Rubella (german measles) is a rare illness that causes a spotty rash. It usually gets better in about a week, but it can be serious if you get it when you’re pregnant. […] The main symptom of rubella is a spotty rash that starts on the face or behind the ears and spreads to the neck and body. The rash takes 2 to 3 weeks to appear after getting rubella. […] Rubella can also cause: aching fingers, wrists or knees; a high temperature; coughs; sneezing and a runny nose; headaches; a sore throat; sore, red eyes. […] Rubella usually gets better in about a week. […] Its infectious from 1 week before the symptoms start and for 5 days after the rash first appears. […] Rubella is very rare in pregnancy. But if you get it when you’re pregnant, rubella could harm your baby. It can cause: loss of the baby (miscarriage); serious problems after the baby is born such as problems with their sight, hearing, heart, or brain. The risk is highest if you get rubella early in pregnancy.

• #2

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/rubella-german-measles.aspx

  Symptoms start usually between 14 to 21 days after exposure. People with rubella are usually infectious from seven days before the rash starts until seven days after the rash has gone. […] Congenital rubella syndrome happens to 90 per cent of babies born to women who are infected with rubella during the first ten weeks of their pregnancy. It can cause stillbirth, miscarriage or birth defects including heart defects, deafness and eye problems. […] A blood test can diagnose rubella. However, rubella can be difficult to diagnose because there are many other viruses that cause similar symptoms.

• #2 Rubella – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/rubella/

  Rubella, sometimes called German measles, is a disease caused by a virus. The infection is usually mild with fever and rash, but if a pregnant woman gets infected, the virus can cause serious birth defects. […] In children, rubella usually causes a low-grade fever (less than 101 degrees) and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. These symptoms may last two or three days. Older children with rubella usually first suffer from low-grade fever, swollen glands in the neck or behind the ears, and upper respiratory infection, before they develop a rash. Rubella is usually mild in children. […] Complications of rubella are rare, but they occur more often in adults. Adults (especially young women) may have aching joints, headache, and pink eye before the rash appears. Up to 70% of women who get rubella may experience arthritis; this is rare in children and men. In rare cases, rubella can cause serious problems, including brain infections and bleeding problems.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh4928

  While you have rubella, you may get a rash and a mild fever, and the lymph glands in your neck may swell. […] Older children often have a fever, eye pain, a sore throat, and body aches. […] You can relieve most symptoms with care at home.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles): Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17798-rubella

  The most common and serious complications of rubella are pregnancy loss (miscarriage) and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). CRS happens in babies born to someone who had rubella while pregnant. Less common complications include: Arthritis. Low platelets (thrombocytopenia). Brain swelling (encephalitis). […] Yes, rubella can cause miscarriage in a pregnant woman. It can also cause conditions like cataracts, heart disease and hearing loss in your baby from birth.

• #2

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/rubella-german-measles.aspx

  Rubella is a contagious disease caused by a virus. Symptoms can be similar to a mild cold or the flu, and include fever, runny nose, sore throat and rash. […] Rubella, also known as German measles, is an infectious viral disease that causes a skin rash, sore throat, joint pain and other symptoms. Rubella symptoms can last between 1 to 5 days. Common symptoms include: Mild fever, Rash (typically starting on the face that spreads to the rest of the body), Headache, Runny nose, Conjunctivitis (redness or swelling of the white of the eye), Swollen lymph nodes, Aching joints, especially in women. […] Some people, including children, may have few or no symptoms. In rare cases, rubella can cause easy bruising or bleeding anywhere by lowering of the platelet count or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis).

• #2 Rubella (german measles) | Health and wellbeing | Queensland Government

  https://www.qld.gov.au/health/condition/infections-and-parasites/viral-infections/rubella-german-measles

  Rubella (sometimes called German measles) is a viral disease that usually causes a mild illness in most people. However, rubella can be serious for pregnant women. […] Most healthy people with rubella, especially children, have a mild illness. Symptoms include fevers, headaches, cough, runny nose, and feel generally stiff and sore. […] The most common rubella symptom is a red rash that starts about 5 days after becoming unwell. The rash usually starts on the face and then spreads over the body. […] Rubella can rarely (about 1 in 6,000 cases) cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), which may cause long-term problems.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles or Three-Day Measles)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/rubella/fact_sheet.htm

  Up to 85 percent of infants infected with rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy will suffer birth defects and/or neurologic abnormalities (Congenital Rubella Syndrome, CRS). […] Rubella may be transmitted from seven days before to seven days after the rash appears. […] Rubella infection is dangerous because of its ability to damage an unborn baby. If rubella immunization was discontinued, immunity to rubella would decline and rubella disease would return. The danger would be to pregnant women who, if infected, could pass the disease to their infants (fetuses) causing CRS. […] Congenital rubella syndrome occurs among at least 25 percent of infants born to women who had rubella during the first three months of pregnancy. Infection of a pregnant woman can result in a miscarriage, stillbirth or the birth of an infant with abnormalities which may include deafness, blindness, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardation, liver and spleen damage.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-rubella

  The most serious complications could happen during pregnancy, when the virus can pass from you to your baby in the womb. The risk is highest during the first 3 months of pregnancy. […] Babies who are infected can have serious conditions at birth like CRS. This is very rare in the U.S., but a baby can get it if they travel to another country where the virus spreads. […] Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a condition that happens when a child becomes infected with the rubella virus via their mother during pregnancy. If you’re infected with rubella during early pregnancy, you could have a miscarriage or your baby could be stillborn, born with birth defects, or hearing impairment. The risk of your baby being infected with the rubella virus and being born with serious associated conditions is greatest during your first trimester of pregnancy (through week 12) and decreases afterward (rare after the 20th week).

• #2 Rubella (German Measles)

  https://lakecountyin.gov/departments/health/nursing-clinic/diseases-and-conditions/childrens-conditions/rubella-german-measles

  Rubella is usually a mild illness, but complications can occur, particularly in adults and pregnant women. Possible complications include: Arthritis: Rubella can cause joint pain or arthritis, particularly in adult women. This is usually temporary but can be uncomfortable. Encephalitis: Though rare, the rubella virus can cause inflammation of the brain, leading to severe neurological complications. Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS): If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, the virus can cross the placenta and infect the developing fetus. CRS can lead to serious birth defects, including: Heart Defects: Such as patent ductus arteriosus or pulmonary stenosis. Deafness: Hearing impairment or complete loss of hearing. Eye Abnormalities: Including cataracts or retinopathy. Intellectual Disabilities: Developmental delays and cognitive impairments. Liver and Spleen Problems: Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Skin Rash: A characteristic rash may be present at birth. […] The risk of CRS is highest if rubella is contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy, particularly during the first 12 weeks.

• #2 Rubella in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=rubella-in-children-90-P02542

  Rubella is dangerous to a baby in the womb. It can cause a pregnant woman to have a miscarriage. A baby in the womb can also get rubella from his or her mother during pregnancy. This can lead to severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. Signs of congenital rubella syndrome can include: Cataracts in the eyes, Deafness, Heart problems, Learning problems, Growth delays, Enlarged liver and spleen, Skin lesions, Bleeding problems. […] It starts with a low fever, runny nose, and diarrhea. Then a rash appears on the face, and spreads down the body. […] Treatment includes rest and drinking plenty of fluids.

• #2 Congenital Rubella (German Measles) – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/infectious-disease/congenital-rubella-german-measles/

  Some of the serious birth defects that can arise from rubella are: Heart defects like patent ductus arteriosus, peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects; Sensorineural hearing impairment; Eyes-related defects such as cataracts, pigmentary retinopathy, microphthalmos, chorioretinitis; Brain conditions such as microcephaly, cerebral calcifications, meningoencephalitis, behavioral disorders, mental retardation; Blood-related conditions like thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, petechiae/purpura, a blueberry muffin rash caused by dermal erythropoiesis; Signs in newborns such as low birth weight, interstitial pneumonitis, a celery stalking appearance of long bones due to radiolucent bone disease, and an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly); Late onset of diseases like insulin-dependent diabetes and thyroid disease.

• #2 Rubella (german measles)

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rubella

  Rubella is a viral disease characterised by rash, swollen glands and fever. The disease is usually mild and of little significance unless you are pregnant. […] In 25-50% of rubella cases the disease is usually so mild there may be few or no signs or symptoms. In typical cases the incubation period is between 12-23 days, most people show symptoms within 16-18 days after exposure. Common symptoms include: […] Tender or swollen glands almost always accompany rubella, most commonly behind the ears (retroauricular) and at the back of the neck (occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes). Lymphadenopathy may occur in patients with rubella that do not have a rash. […] Rash begins on the face that spreads to the neck, trunk and extremities. […] Other symptoms include pain and swelling in joints (arthralgia and arthritis). This is more common in adults, particularly women, and may persist longer than 2 weeks. The arthritis may become chronic and persist for months or years.

• #2 Rubella (German Measles) | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/rubella-german-measles

  Rubella (also called German measles) is a disease caused by a virus that may easily spread among people who have never had it and haven’t been vaccinated. The most common symptoms are mild fever, headache, swelling of the lymph glands (often in the back of the neck), and a rash that lasts about three days. About half of all people who get the disease do not get the rash. Some people (especially women) can get swollen and painful joints, but these symptoms don’t last long. The disease can also cause swelling of the brain (encephalitis), but this is very rare. […] While usually a mild disease, rubella can be very dangerous if a woman who is not immune gets rubella while she is pregnant. Rubella can cause birth defects like hearing difficulties, blindness, heart problems, mental retardation, or bone problems in babies before they are born. Rubella can also cause miscarriages. […] The first symptoms appear about 16-18 days after a person is exposed. […] Because rubella can look like many other diseases that cause a rash, the only sure way to know if you have rubella is to get a blood test. Sometimes throat and urine tests will also be done.

• #2 Rubella (German measles) in pregnancy | Caring for kids

  https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/health-conditions-and-treatments/rubella_in_pregnancy

  Rubella, commonly known as German measles, is an infection that affects the skin and lymph nodes. It is caused by a virus. Rubella is serious in pregnant women because of the effect it can have on an unborn child. […] When children get rubella, it is usually a mild illness. Sometimes they have no symptoms at all, but they can still spread the infection to others. Symptoms may include: A low-grade fever and mild aches and pains, sometimes red eyes. A rash of pink or light red spots that start on the face and spread down to the rest of the body. Neck glands may swell up and feel tender, especially behind the ears. The sickness lasts about 3 days and generally gets better on its own without any complications. In teens and adults, rubella can be a more serious disease. Joint pain is common. […] If a pregnant woman gets rubella during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, she usually passes the disease on to her unborn baby. The baby will have congenital rubella. Babies with congenital rubella are contagious for more than a year. If the fetus gets rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the baby will likely be born with many life-long problems. The most common are eye problems, hearing problems and damage to the heart. If the fetus gets rubella between 12 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, problems are usually milder. There are rarely problems if the fetus gets rubella after 20 weeks of pregnancy. There is no treatment for rubella infection.

• #2 What Is the Difference Between Rubella and Rubeola?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-the-difference-between-rubella-and-rubeola

  Rubella, also known as German measles, is an infection by the rubella virus. […] With both of these infections, it can take about 1 to 3 weeks after exposure to develop symptoms. This is called the incubation period. Sometimes, rubella symptoms can be so mild you might not even notice that you’re sick. […] Once they do appear, the most common symptoms include fever, a rash that starts on the head or face, and red or irritated eyes. […] With rubella, a high fever will begin suddenly and appear before a rash. The fever usually lasts for 3 or 4 days. The rash appears as the fever fades. […] A rubella rash often begins on the face with fine pink bumps. It may be slightly itchy. […] Other rubella symptoms can include: headache, pink eye or mild swelling and redness of the eye, general achiness, cough, stuffy nose, swollen lymph nodes.

• #2 What Is the Difference Between Rubella and Rubeola?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-the-difference-between-rubella-and-rubeola

  Rubella and rubeola, also known as German measles and measles, are both viral illnesses that can cause fever and rash. There are slight differences in the timing of fever, appearance of the rash, and other symptoms. But the same vaccine can prevent both of these infections. […] There are no official treatments for rubella or rubeola, but the MMR vaccine can prevent illness and long-term complications associated with both of these infections.

• #2 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p02542

  Rubella is a viral illness that causes a mild fever and a skin rash. […] Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each child. The most common symptoms start with: A period of not feeling well, Low fever, Runny nose, Diarrhea. […] Then a rash appears. The rash: Starts on the face as a pink rash with areas of small, raised lesions, Spreads down to the torso, arms, and legs as the face rash clears up, Fades in 3 to 5 days. […] A child is most contagious when the rash is appearing. But a child may be contagious from 7 days before the rash to 7 days after the rash has started. […] The symptoms of rubella can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees their healthcare provider for a diagnosis. […] Rubella is dangerous to a baby in the womb. It can cause a pregnant woman to have a miscarriage. A baby in the womb can also get rubella from their mother during pregnancy. This can lead to severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. […] It starts with a low fever, runny nose, and diarrhea. Then a rash appears on the face, and spreads down the body. […] Treatment includes rest and drinking plenty of fluids.

• #2

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/German-Measles-(Rubella).aspx

  The birth defects include issues such as deafness or hearing impairment, cataracts and loss of eyesight, heart defects, learning problems, enlarged liver and spleen, brain issues, a smaller head than expected (also called microcephaly), lung issues, bone problems, bleeding problems, and a „blueberry muffin” rash. […] There is no medication to cure a rubella infection. To help your child feel better, make sure they get plenty of rest, stay hydrated and treat fever and pain as needed.

• #2 Rubella or German measles in children | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/rubella

  Rubella is very uncommon in Australia because most children are immunised against it. If rubella does occur, its most common in children under 13 years. […] Symptoms usually start to appear 14-21 days after infection with rubella virus. Early rubella symptoms look like the symptoms of a mild cold. They can include fever, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. […] After 2-3 days, a rash appears, starting on the face and spreading to the chest, stomach and back. The rash has spots that: might look brown, grey or purple on dark skin or pink on light skin; go back to the childs usual skin colour when you press them; gradually merge to form patches, which can be flat or bumpy. The rash lasts 3-5 days before going away. […] Children with rubella can spread the disease for 5 days before and at least 4 days after the rash appears. Children who have rubella shouldnt go to child care, preschool or school until a GP says theyre no longer contagious. Children who have rubella must also stay away from pregnant women.

• #3 Rubella (German Measles or Three-Day Measles)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/rubella/fact_sheet.htm

  Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease characterized by slight fever, mild rash and swollen glands. […] Symptoms may include a rash, slight fever, joint aches, headache, discomfort, runny nose, sore throat and reddened eyes. The lymph nodes just behind the ears and at the back of the neck may swell, causing some soreness and/or pain. The rash, which may be itchy, first appears on the face and progresses from head to foot, lasting about three days. As many as half of all rubella cases occur without a rash. […] The usual incubation period for rubella is 14 days; with a range of 12 to 23 days. […] Complications occur more frequently in adult women, who may experience arthritis or arthralgia, often affecting the fingers, wrists and knees. These joint symptoms rarely last for more than a month after appearance of the rash.

• #3 Rubella (german measles)

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rubella

  Rubella is a viral disease characterised by rash, swollen glands and fever. The disease is usually mild and of little significance unless you are pregnant. […] In 25-50% of rubella cases the disease is usually so mild there may be few or no signs or symptoms. In typical cases the incubation period is between 12-23 days, most people show symptoms within 16-18 days after exposure. Common symptoms include: […] Tender or swollen glands almost always accompany rubella, most commonly behind the ears (retroauricular) and at the back of the neck (occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes). Lymphadenopathy may occur in patients with rubella that do not have a rash. […] Rash begins on the face that spreads to the neck, trunk and extremities. […] Other symptoms include pain and swelling in joints (arthralgia and arthritis). This is more common in adults, particularly women, and may persist longer than 2 weeks. The arthritis may become chronic and persist for months or years.

• #3 Rubella – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559040/

  The development of polyarthritis and polyarthralgia is the most common complication of rubella infection, affecting up to 70% of adolescents and adult women. It is usually symmetric and involves the wrists, fingers, knees, and ankles. Other manifestations, although rare, include thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, myocarditis, pericarditis, hepatitis, orchitis, retinopathy, uveitis, Guillain-Barr syndrome, and post-infection encephalitis. Rubella infection during pregnancy may lead to miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, premature labor, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital rubella syndrome.

• #3 Rubella – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella

  90% of mothers who contract rubella within the critical first trimester have either a miscarriage or a stillborn baby. If the fetus survives the infection, it can be born with severe heart disorders (patent ductus arteriosus being the most common), blindness, deafness, or other life-threatening organ disorders. The skin manifestations are called „blueberry muffin lesions”.

• #4 Rubella (German Measles or Three-Day Measles)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/rubella/fact_sheet.htm

  Up to 85 percent of infants infected with rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy will suffer birth defects and/or neurologic abnormalities (Congenital Rubella Syndrome, CRS). […] Rubella may be transmitted from seven days before to seven days after the rash appears. […] Rubella infection is dangerous because of its ability to damage an unborn baby. If rubella immunization was discontinued, immunity to rubella would decline and rubella disease would return. The danger would be to pregnant women who, if infected, could pass the disease to their infants (fetuses) causing CRS. […] Congenital rubella syndrome occurs among at least 25 percent of infants born to women who had rubella during the first three months of pregnancy. Infection of a pregnant woman can result in a miscarriage, stillbirth or the birth of an infant with abnormalities which may include deafness, blindness, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardation, liver and spleen damage.

• #5 Rubella | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/rubella/

  Rubella (german measles) is a rare infection. Its usually a mild condition that gets better without treatment in 7 to 10 days. […] Symptoms of rubella include: a red-pink skin rash made up of small spots, swollen glands around the head and neck, a high temperature (fever), cold-like symptoms such as a cough and runny nose, aching and painful joints more common in adults. […] The symptoms of rubella usually only last a few days, but your glands may be swollen for several weeks. […] It can take 2 to 3 weeks for symptoms to develop. […] If you have rubella, youll be infectious to other people from 1 week before symptoms develop, and for up to 5 days after the rash first appears. […] Rubella is usually only serious if a pregnant woman catches the infection during the first 20 weeks of her pregnancy. […] The birth defects caused by the rubella virus are known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The earlier in the pregnancy, the greater the risk.

Zobacz więcej