Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/persistent-depressive-disorder-dysthymia.html

  There is no known way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. […] Even when treatment is successful, maintenance treatment often is required to prevent symptoms from returning.

• #2 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Persistent depressive disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155308

  There’s no sure way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. Because it often starts in childhood or during the teenage years, identifying children at risk of the condition may help them get early treatment. […] Strategies that may help reduce or prevent symptoms include the following: […] Take steps to control stress, to increase your ability to recover from problems which is called resilience and to boost your self-esteem. […] Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you get through rough spells. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #3 Dysthymic Disorder Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Psychotherapy, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290686-treatment

  No studies have focused on prevention, but social supports, adequate exercise, a rewarding occupation, and a generally healthy lifestyle may either be protective or else be evidence of a low propensity toward dysthymia.

• #4 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Persistent depressive disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155308

  There’s no sure way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. Because it often starts in childhood or during the teenage years, identifying children at risk of the condition may help them get early treatment. […] Strategies that may help reduce or prevent symptoms include the following: […] Take steps to control stress, to increase your ability to recover from problems which is called resilience and to boost your self-esteem. […] Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you get through rough spells. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #5 Persistent Depressive Disorder in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/persistent-depressive-disorder-in-children

  Experts dont know how to prevent persistent depressive disorder in a child. But spotting it early and getting expert help for your child can help ease symptoms. It can improve your childs quality of life. […] Treatment will depend on your childs symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how bad the condition is. […] This disorder can be treated. Children may need to try different therapists and therapies before they find what works. Treatment may include: […] Effective treatment helps to make symptoms less severe. It also reduces the risk of having another depressive episode (called a relapse). […] Correct, ongoing treatment can ease symptoms and stop them from returning.

• #6 Persistent Depressive Disorder in Children | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/behavioral-health/behavioral-health-topics/persistent-depressive-disorder-in-children

  Experts dont know how to prevent persistent depressive disorder in a child. But spotting it early and getting expert help for your child can help ease symptoms. It can improve your childs quality of life. […] Persistent depressive disorder may put your child at an increased risk for major depression if they do not get the correct treatment. It also raises the risk for your child or teen to have other mental health disorders. And it can result in a severe reduction in your child’s long-term quality of life. Effective treatment helps to make symptoms less severe. It also reduces the risk of having another depressive episode (called a relapse). […] A child with this disorder may have times of depression that last longer than 5 years. Correct, ongoing treatment can ease symptoms and stop them from returning.

• #7 Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/dysthymia

  There is some evidence that treating depression in parents can help prevent the development of depression in their children. […] Intervention strategies targeting families of children at risk for depression have demonstrated some efficacy for preventing depressive symptoms in these children.

• #8 Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/dysthymia

  There is some evidence that treating depression in parents can help prevent the development of depression in their children. […] Intervention strategies targeting families of children at risk for depression have demonstrated some efficacy for preventing depressive symptoms in these children.

• #9 Persistent Depressive Disorder Symptoms, Treatment, Tests, Causes, Definition

  https://www.medicinenet.com/dysthymia/article.htm

  Children of a dysthymic parent tend to be more resilient when the child is more able to focus on age-appropriate tasks in their lives and on their relationships, as well as being able to understand their parent’s illness. […] For depressed adults, their children seem to be more protected from developing the illness when the parent is able to demonstrate a commitment to parenting and to relationships.

• #10 Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9292-persistent-depressive-disorder-pdd

  Although you cant prevent depression, you can take steps to help reduce your risk of developing it. These things may also help improve your symptoms if youve already been diagnosed: […] Get physical activity several times a week. […] Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs. […] Meditate.

• #11 Persistent Depressive Disorder – Dysthymic Disorder

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/persistent-depressive-disorder/

  In general, PDD and other forms of depression are conditions that cannot be prevented. There are lifestyle changes you can make that can boost your mood and minimize symptoms, including: […] Get enough sleep. […] Follow a healthy diet. […] Reduce or avoid your alcohol consumption. […] Do not take illegal drugs. […] Take medicines as prescribed by your doctor. […] Watch for changes in your PDD. Talk to your doctor about changes. […] Engage in activities that bring you enjoyment. […] Talk to someone you trust about how you feel. […] Be around people who are positive and uplifting.

• #12 Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9292-persistent-depressive-disorder-pdd

  Although you cant prevent depression, you can take steps to help reduce your risk of developing it. These things may also help improve your symptoms if youve already been diagnosed: […] Get physical activity several times a week. […] Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs. […] Meditate.

• #13 Depression: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression

  You cant always prevent depression, but you can help reduce your risk by: […] Maintaining a healthy sleep routine. […] Managing stress with healthy coping mechanisms. […] Practicing regular self-care activities such as exercise, meditation and yoga. […] If youve had depression before, you may be more likely to experience it again. If you have depression symptoms, get help as soon as possible.

• #14 Depression: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression

  You cant always prevent depression, but you can help reduce your risk by: […] Maintaining a healthy sleep routine. […] Managing stress with healthy coping mechanisms. […] Practicing regular self-care activities such as exercise, meditation and yoga. […] If youve had depression before, you may be more likely to experience it again. If you have depression symptoms, get help as soon as possible.

• #15 Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01738-y

  MDD is a disease with a high prevalence worldwide, and preventing its occurrence and recurrence is crucial. Lifestyle medicine is an evolving medical specialty that aims to prevent chronic, noncommunicable diseases through lifestyle interventions. The goal of lifestyle medicine is to prevent the occurrence and recurrence of disease by improving sleep hygiene and diet, increasing physical exercise, avoiding sedentary behavior, increasing social support, and improving mood. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the occurrence and recurrence of MDD can be prevented by means of lifestyle medicine; we summarize these reports in this section. […] Improving sleep is an important strategy to prevent the occurrence of depression. Insomnia is included in the diagnostic criteria for MDD. However, few studies have examined whether treating insomnia can prevent the exacerbation of depressive symptoms. Treating insomnia can prevent the worsening of depressive symptoms, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a recommended intervention for treating insomnia to improve sleep and mood.

• #16 What is Persistent Depressive Disorder? | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/post/what-is-persistent-depressive-disorder-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Persistent depressive disorder is a chronic mental health disorder that frequently begins during childhood or adolescence and can continue for life. […] While there’s no proven way to prevent persistent depressive disorder, early intervention can help to ease symptoms and improve overall quality of life. And if you do have PDD, there are steps you can take to hopefully make the condition more manageable. […] Take medications as prescribed and monitor for potential side effects […] Eat a balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, fish, and lean meat […] Exercise regularly […] Limit alcohol and avoid recreational drugs.

• #17 Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01738-y

  Dietary adjustment is an effective, safe, and widely applicable method for preventing MDD, especially by inhibiting MDD-related pathological inflammation. Various nutrients can possess different anti-inflammatory properties; in contrast, there are many proinflammatory foods, such as those high in refined starch, sugar, and saturated fat and low in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, which can promote the occurrence of inflammation to increase the risk of MDD. […] Increasing evidence suggests that physical exercise can prevent some mental disorders in addition to cardiovascular disease. This finding suggests that physical exercise may be able to prevent MDD. […] Social support refers to the help provided by social relations and transactions. Social support may be obtained from a variety of individuals, including family members, friends, coworkers, and community members. Furthermore, a variety of factors, including the quantity and quality of support as well as subjectively perceived social support by individuals, impact the level of social support. It has been reported that MDD patients often lack social support, and receiving adequate social support can confer greater resistance to stress and prevent the occurrence and recurrence of MDD.

• #18 Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9292-persistent-depressive-disorder-pdd

  Although you cant prevent depression, you can take steps to help reduce your risk of developing it. These things may also help improve your symptoms if youve already been diagnosed: […] Get physical activity several times a week. […] Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs. […] Meditate.

• #19 Persistent depressive disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350935

  Take care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet, be physically active and get plenty of sleep. Consider walking, jogging, swimming, gardening or another activity that you enjoy. Sleeping well is important for both physical and mental well-being. If you’re having trouble sleeping, ask your provider what you can do. […] Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs. It may seem like alcohol or drugs lessen depression-related symptoms. But over time, they generally worsen depression and make it harder to treat. Talk with your provider or therapist if you need help dealing with alcohol or drug use.

• #20 Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9292-persistent-depressive-disorder-pdd

  Although you cant prevent depression, you can take steps to help reduce your risk of developing it. These things may also help improve your symptoms if youve already been diagnosed: […] Get physical activity several times a week. […] Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs. […] Meditate.

• #21 Depression: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression

  You cant always prevent depression, but you can help reduce your risk by: […] Maintaining a healthy sleep routine. […] Managing stress with healthy coping mechanisms. […] Practicing regular self-care activities such as exercise, meditation and yoga. […] If youve had depression before, you may be more likely to experience it again. If you have depression symptoms, get help as soon as possible.

• #22 Persistent depressive disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350935

  Persistent depressive disorder generally is not a condition that you can treat on your own. But along with professional treatment, these self-care steps can help: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions or appointments. Even if you’re feeling well, don’t skip your medicine. Give yourself time to improve gradually. […] Learn about persistent depressive disorder. Education about your condition can empower you and motivate you to follow your treatment plan. Encourage your family to learn about the disorder to help them understand and support you. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or therapist to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so that you know what to do if symptoms get worse or return. Contact your health care provider or therapist if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel. Consider involving family members or friends to watch for warning signs.

• #23 How to Prevent Depression: Tips & Strategies for Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/understanding-depression-prevention

  If you do have depression, you can do a few things to keep it from getting worse. Stick with your treatment plan. If you are on medicine, take it as prescribed, whether you feel good or not. Dont skip therapy sessions. Let your doctor know what is and isnt working for you. […] Talk to your therapist or doctor about medicine that can stop depression from coming back.

• #24 Prevention of Depression – Can You Prevent Depression?

  https://www.brainsway.com/knowledge-center/can-you-prevent-depression/

  Consuming a Mediterranean diet consisting of whole grains, olive oil, fruit, vegetables, fish, low fat dairy products, and antioxidants, has repeatedly been found to lead to a 32% reduction in the risk of developing depression. […] Exercise similarly affects one’s mental health, by increasing their level of endorphins, which are mood regulators. Research has specifically shown that low-intensity aerobic exercise, carried out for 30-35 minutes a day and 3-5 times a week, is a reliable mood regulating activity.

• #25 Prevention of Depression – Can You Prevent Depression?

  https://www.brainsway.com/knowledge-center/can-you-prevent-depression/

  Consuming a Mediterranean diet consisting of whole grains, olive oil, fruit, vegetables, fish, low fat dairy products, and antioxidants, has repeatedly been found to lead to a 32% reduction in the risk of developing depression. […] Exercise similarly affects one’s mental health, by increasing their level of endorphins, which are mood regulators. Research has specifically shown that low-intensity aerobic exercise, carried out for 30-35 minutes a day and 3-5 times a week, is a reliable mood regulating activity.

• #26 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Persistent depressive disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155308

  There’s no sure way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. Because it often starts in childhood or during the teenage years, identifying children at risk of the condition may help them get early treatment. […] Strategies that may help reduce or prevent symptoms include the following: […] Take steps to control stress, to increase your ability to recover from problems which is called resilience and to boost your self-esteem. […] Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you get through rough spells. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #27 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Persistent depressive disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155308

  There’s no sure way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. Because it often starts in childhood or during the teenage years, identifying children at risk of the condition may help them get early treatment. […] Strategies that may help reduce or prevent symptoms include the following: […] Take steps to control stress, to increase your ability to recover from problems which is called resilience and to boost your self-esteem. […] Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you get through rough spells. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #28 Dysthymia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysthymia

  Though there is no clear-cut way to prevent dysthymia from occurring, there are some suggestions to help reduce its effects. Since dysthymia often appears first in childhood, it is important to identify children who may be at risk. It may be beneficial to work with children in helping to control their stress, increase resilience, boost self-esteem, and provide strong social support networks. These tactics may be helpful in warding off or delaying dysthymic symptoms. […] It has been suggested that the best way to prevent double depression is by treating the dysthymia. A combination of antidepressants and cognitive therapies can be helpful in preventing major depressive symptoms from occurring. Additionally, exercise and good sleep hygiene (e.g., improving sleep patterns) are thought to have an additive effect on treating dysthymic symptoms and preventing them from worsening.

• #29 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Persistent depressive disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155308

  There’s no sure way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. Because it often starts in childhood or during the teenage years, identifying children at risk of the condition may help them get early treatment. […] Strategies that may help reduce or prevent symptoms include the following: […] Take steps to control stress, to increase your ability to recover from problems which is called resilience and to boost your self-esteem. […] Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you get through rough spells. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #30 Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01738-y

  Dietary adjustment is an effective, safe, and widely applicable method for preventing MDD, especially by inhibiting MDD-related pathological inflammation. Various nutrients can possess different anti-inflammatory properties; in contrast, there are many proinflammatory foods, such as those high in refined starch, sugar, and saturated fat and low in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, which can promote the occurrence of inflammation to increase the risk of MDD. […] Increasing evidence suggests that physical exercise can prevent some mental disorders in addition to cardiovascular disease. This finding suggests that physical exercise may be able to prevent MDD. […] Social support refers to the help provided by social relations and transactions. Social support may be obtained from a variety of individuals, including family members, friends, coworkers, and community members. Furthermore, a variety of factors, including the quantity and quality of support as well as subjectively perceived social support by individuals, impact the level of social support. It has been reported that MDD patients often lack social support, and receiving adequate social support can confer greater resistance to stress and prevent the occurrence and recurrence of MDD.

• #31 Persistent Depressive Disorder – Dysthymic Disorder

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/persistent-depressive-disorder/

  In general, PDD and other forms of depression are conditions that cannot be prevented. There are lifestyle changes you can make that can boost your mood and minimize symptoms, including: […] Get enough sleep. […] Follow a healthy diet. […] Reduce or avoid your alcohol consumption. […] Do not take illegal drugs. […] Take medicines as prescribed by your doctor. […] Watch for changes in your PDD. Talk to your doctor about changes. […] Engage in activities that bring you enjoyment. […] Talk to someone you trust about how you feel. […] Be around people who are positive and uplifting.

• #32 Persistent Depressive Disorder – Dysthymic Disorder

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/persistent-depressive-disorder/

  In general, PDD and other forms of depression are conditions that cannot be prevented. There are lifestyle changes you can make that can boost your mood and minimize symptoms, including: […] Get enough sleep. […] Follow a healthy diet. […] Reduce or avoid your alcohol consumption. […] Do not take illegal drugs. […] Take medicines as prescribed by your doctor. […] Watch for changes in your PDD. Talk to your doctor about changes. […] Engage in activities that bring you enjoyment. […] Talk to someone you trust about how you feel. […] Be around people who are positive and uplifting.

• #33 Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01738-y

  Dietary adjustment is an effective, safe, and widely applicable method for preventing MDD, especially by inhibiting MDD-related pathological inflammation. Various nutrients can possess different anti-inflammatory properties; in contrast, there are many proinflammatory foods, such as those high in refined starch, sugar, and saturated fat and low in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, which can promote the occurrence of inflammation to increase the risk of MDD. […] Increasing evidence suggests that physical exercise can prevent some mental disorders in addition to cardiovascular disease. This finding suggests that physical exercise may be able to prevent MDD. […] Social support refers to the help provided by social relations and transactions. Social support may be obtained from a variety of individuals, including family members, friends, coworkers, and community members. Furthermore, a variety of factors, including the quantity and quality of support as well as subjectively perceived social support by individuals, impact the level of social support. It has been reported that MDD patients often lack social support, and receiving adequate social support can confer greater resistance to stress and prevent the occurrence and recurrence of MDD.

• #34 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  The 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders presented evidence that major depression can be prevented. […] Randomized controlled trials have shown that incidence of major depressive episodes can be significantly reduced. […] Meta-analyses suggest that 22% to 38% of major depressive episodes could be prevented with currently available methods. […] If major depressive episodes can be prevented, the health care system should provide routine access to evidence-based depression prevention interventions, just as it provides inoculations for other common and debilitating health problems. […] The 2009 IOM report, Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People, listed several randomized trials in which the proportion of new cases of major depressive episodes was significantly reduced in participants randomly assigned to a preventive intervention compared with a control group.

• #35

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] Prevention programmes have been shown to reduce depression. Effective community approaches to prevent depression include school-based programmes to enhance a pattern of positive coping in children and adolescents. Interventions for parents of children with behavioural problems may reduce parental depressive symptoms and improve outcomes for their children. Exercise programmes for older persons can also be effective in depression prevention.

• #36 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  The 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders presented evidence that major depression can be prevented. […] Randomized controlled trials have shown that incidence of major depressive episodes can be significantly reduced. […] Meta-analyses suggest that 22% to 38% of major depressive episodes could be prevented with currently available methods. […] If major depressive episodes can be prevented, the health care system should provide routine access to evidence-based depression prevention interventions, just as it provides inoculations for other common and debilitating health problems. […] The 2009 IOM report, Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People, listed several randomized trials in which the proportion of new cases of major depressive episodes was significantly reduced in participants randomly assigned to a preventive intervention compared with a control group.

• #37 Persistent depressive disorder | Description, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/dysthymic-disorder

  Similar to other depressive disorders, psychotherapy (or talk therapy) and medication are effective measures for treating persistent depressive disorder. […] Although there is no definitive way of preventing persistent depressive disorder, identifying and addressing risk factors can lead to more favourable outcomes. Taking measures to control stress and boost self-esteem can increase ones ability to ward off depression, and early treatment can prevent depressive episodes from lapsing into major long-term problems.

• #38 Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)/ Dysthymia

  https://www.brightpathbh.com/mental-health/disorder/persistent-depressive-disorder-pdd/

  Preventive measures for PDD focus on maintaining mental health through regular physical activity, healthy eating, stress management techniques, and strong social support networks. Awareness and proactive measures reduce the risk of developing PDD. […] To prevent PDD, you have to manage stress, reach out to family and friends for support, seek professional help, and set realistic goals. The ways to prevent PDD include: Reach Out for Support: Connect with family and friends for emotional support. Open communication helps alleviate feelings of isolation. Professional Help: Seek therapy or counseling early if experiencing symptoms of depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is particularly effective. Limit Alcohol and Substance Use: Avoid excessive alcohol and drug use, as they worsen depressive symptoms. Establish Routine: Create a daily routine to provide structure and a sense of purpose, which improves mood and stability. Set Realistic Goals: Break tasks into manageable steps and set achievable goals to foster a sense of accomplishment and motivation.

• #39 Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01738-y

  MDD is a disease with a high prevalence worldwide, and preventing its occurrence and recurrence is crucial. Lifestyle medicine is an evolving medical specialty that aims to prevent chronic, noncommunicable diseases through lifestyle interventions. The goal of lifestyle medicine is to prevent the occurrence and recurrence of disease by improving sleep hygiene and diet, increasing physical exercise, avoiding sedentary behavior, increasing social support, and improving mood. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the occurrence and recurrence of MDD can be prevented by means of lifestyle medicine; we summarize these reports in this section. […] Improving sleep is an important strategy to prevent the occurrence of depression. Insomnia is included in the diagnostic criteria for MDD. However, few studies have examined whether treating insomnia can prevent the exacerbation of depressive symptoms. Treating insomnia can prevent the worsening of depressive symptoms, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a recommended intervention for treating insomnia to improve sleep and mood.

• #40 How to Prevent Depression: Tips & Strategies for Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/understanding-depression-prevention

  Though doctors dont know that its possible to prevent depression altogether, you may be able to keep it from coming back if youve already had an episode. Some therapists use an approach called mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) to do that. […] Other ideas to prevent depression involve medicine, lifestyle changes, and nutrition. Some studies have found that steps like these can reduce new episodes of depression by 25% or more, but scientists need to do more research on these approaches. […] Theres no sure way to prevent depression. But you can: Find ways to handle stress and improve your self-esteem. Take good care of yourself. Get enough sleep, eat well, and exercise regularly. Reach out to family and friends when times get hard. Get regular medical checkups, and see your provider if you dont feel right. Get help if you think youre depressed. If you wait, it could get worse.

• #41 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p01600

  Experts dont know how to prevent persistent depressive disorder in a child. But spotting it early and getting expert help for your child can help ease symptoms. It can improve your childs quality of life. […] Treatment includes therapy and medicine. Family therapy is also advised. […] If depression greatly interferes with your childs ability to succeed in school, they may be eligible for reasonable accommodations under the ADA or Section 504 of the Civil Rights Act. Talk with your childs teacher or principal for more information.

• #42 Persistent Depressive Disorder Symptoms, Treatment, Tests, Causes, Definition

  https://www.medicinenet.com/dysthymia/article.htm

  Is it possible to prevent persistent depressive disorder? […] Attempts at prevention of persistent depressive disorder tend to address both specific and nonspecific risk factors and strengthen protective factors. […] Such programs often use cognitive behavioral and/or interpersonal approaches, as well as family based prevention strategies because research indicates that these interventions are the most helpful. […] The inverse of most risk factors, protective factors for depression include preventing exposure to neglect, abuse, community violence or other trauma, having the involvement of supportive family, strengthening family and peer relationships, promoting well-being in general, and developing healthy coping and emotional regulation skills that are used regularly, on a day-to-day basis.

• #43 Persistent Depressive Disorder Symptoms, Treatment, Tests, Causes, Definition

  https://www.medicinenet.com/dysthymia/article.htm

  Is it possible to prevent persistent depressive disorder? […] Attempts at prevention of persistent depressive disorder tend to address both specific and nonspecific risk factors and strengthen protective factors. […] Such programs often use cognitive behavioral and/or interpersonal approaches, as well as family based prevention strategies because research indicates that these interventions are the most helpful. […] The inverse of most risk factors, protective factors for depression include preventing exposure to neglect, abuse, community violence or other trauma, having the involvement of supportive family, strengthening family and peer relationships, promoting well-being in general, and developing healthy coping and emotional regulation skills that are used regularly, on a day-to-day basis.

• #44 Duloxetine in the prevention of relapse of major depressive disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/duloxetine-in-the-prevention-of-relapse-of-major-depressive-disorder/AC6E2E75FF6CE10E83ABA337C5D49F10

  Duloxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake that is licensed in Europe, the USA and elsewhere for the treatment of depressive episodes, was evaluated with regard to its efficacy, safety and tolerability in the prevention of relapse of MDD. […] Duloxetine (60 mg daily) is effective in the prevention of relapse of MDD during continuation treatment. […] Once an antidepressant has proved to be effective for and well tolerated by an individual patient during the acute treatment of a depressive episode, treatment guidelines (e.g. World Health Organization, 1989) recommend continuing treatment with that antidepressant for at least a further 6 months to minimise the risk of depressive relapse. […] A recent systematic review of 31 antidepressant trials found that continuation treatment with antidepressant reduced the odds of depressive relapse by 70% compared with placebo.

• #45 Duloxetine in the prevention of relapse of major depressive disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/duloxetine-in-the-prevention-of-relapse-of-major-depressive-disorder/AC6E2E75FF6CE10E83ABA337C5D49F10

  Duloxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake that is licensed in Europe, the USA and elsewhere for the treatment of depressive episodes, was evaluated with regard to its efficacy, safety and tolerability in the prevention of relapse of MDD. […] Duloxetine (60 mg daily) is effective in the prevention of relapse of MDD during continuation treatment. […] Once an antidepressant has proved to be effective for and well tolerated by an individual patient during the acute treatment of a depressive episode, treatment guidelines (e.g. World Health Organization, 1989) recommend continuing treatment with that antidepressant for at least a further 6 months to minimise the risk of depressive relapse. […] A recent systematic review of 31 antidepressant trials found that continuation treatment with antidepressant reduced the odds of depressive relapse by 70% compared with placebo.

• #46 Duloxetine in the prevention of relapse of major depressive disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/duloxetine-in-the-prevention-of-relapse-of-major-depressive-disorder/AC6E2E75FF6CE10E83ABA337C5D49F10

  In the present study, after 12 weeks of acute treatment with duloxetine (60 mg daily), 82.6% of patients who were randomised to continue duloxetine treatment at the same dose for a further 26 weeks remained relapse-free, compared with 71.5% of patients who were randomised to placebo. This is a statistically and clinically significant difference which demonstrates the efficacy of duloxetine in the prevention of depressive relapse. […] Prevention of relapse by continuation of therapy beyond 12 weeks is an important aspect of the treatment of depressive illness. […] Duloxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, is effective in preventing depressive relapse. […] Continuation treatment with duloxetine (60 mg daily) was not associated with the occurrence of adverse events at a greater frequency than that seen with placebo treatment.

• #47 Duloxetine in the prevention of relapse of major depressive disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/duloxetine-in-the-prevention-of-relapse-of-major-depressive-disorder/AC6E2E75FF6CE10E83ABA337C5D49F10

  In the present study, after 12 weeks of acute treatment with duloxetine (60 mg daily), 82.6% of patients who were randomised to continue duloxetine treatment at the same dose for a further 26 weeks remained relapse-free, compared with 71.5% of patients who were randomised to placebo. This is a statistically and clinically significant difference which demonstrates the efficacy of duloxetine in the prevention of depressive relapse. […] Prevention of relapse by continuation of therapy beyond 12 weeks is an important aspect of the treatment of depressive illness. […] Duloxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, is effective in preventing depressive relapse. […] Continuation treatment with duloxetine (60 mg daily) was not associated with the occurrence of adverse events at a greater frequency than that seen with placebo treatment.

• #48 Duloxetine in the prevention of relapse of major depressive disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/duloxetine-in-the-prevention-of-relapse-of-major-depressive-disorder/AC6E2E75FF6CE10E83ABA337C5D49F10

  In the present study, after 12 weeks of acute treatment with duloxetine (60 mg daily), 82.6% of patients who were randomised to continue duloxetine treatment at the same dose for a further 26 weeks remained relapse-free, compared with 71.5% of patients who were randomised to placebo. This is a statistically and clinically significant difference which demonstrates the efficacy of duloxetine in the prevention of depressive relapse. […] Prevention of relapse by continuation of therapy beyond 12 weeks is an important aspect of the treatment of depressive illness. […] Duloxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, is effective in preventing depressive relapse. […] Continuation treatment with duloxetine (60 mg daily) was not associated with the occurrence of adverse events at a greater frequency than that seen with placebo treatment.

• #49 Dysthymia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysthymia

  Though there is no clear-cut way to prevent dysthymia from occurring, there are some suggestions to help reduce its effects. Since dysthymia often appears first in childhood, it is important to identify children who may be at risk. It may be beneficial to work with children in helping to control their stress, increase resilience, boost self-esteem, and provide strong social support networks. These tactics may be helpful in warding off or delaying dysthymic symptoms. […] It has been suggested that the best way to prevent double depression is by treating the dysthymia. A combination of antidepressants and cognitive therapies can be helpful in preventing major depressive symptoms from occurring. Additionally, exercise and good sleep hygiene (e.g., improving sleep patterns) are thought to have an additive effect on treating dysthymic symptoms and preventing them from worsening.

• #50

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] Prevention programmes have been shown to reduce depression. Effective community approaches to prevent depression include school-based programmes to enhance a pattern of positive coping in children and adolescents. Interventions for parents of children with behavioural problems may reduce parental depressive symptoms and improve outcomes for their children. Exercise programmes for older persons can also be effective in depression prevention.

• #51 Dysthymia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysthymia

  Though there is no clear-cut way to prevent dysthymia from occurring, there are some suggestions to help reduce its effects. Since dysthymia often appears first in childhood, it is important to identify children who may be at risk. It may be beneficial to work with children in helping to control their stress, increase resilience, boost self-esteem, and provide strong social support networks. These tactics may be helpful in warding off or delaying dysthymic symptoms. […] It has been suggested that the best way to prevent double depression is by treating the dysthymia. A combination of antidepressants and cognitive therapies can be helpful in preventing major depressive symptoms from occurring. Additionally, exercise and good sleep hygiene (e.g., improving sleep patterns) are thought to have an additive effect on treating dysthymic symptoms and preventing them from worsening.

• #52 Dysthymia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysthymia

  Though there is no clear-cut way to prevent dysthymia from occurring, there are some suggestions to help reduce its effects. Since dysthymia often appears first in childhood, it is important to identify children who may be at risk. It may be beneficial to work with children in helping to control their stress, increase resilience, boost self-esteem, and provide strong social support networks. These tactics may be helpful in warding off or delaying dysthymic symptoms. […] It has been suggested that the best way to prevent double depression is by treating the dysthymia. A combination of antidepressants and cognitive therapies can be helpful in preventing major depressive symptoms from occurring. Additionally, exercise and good sleep hygiene (e.g., improving sleep patterns) are thought to have an additive effect on treating dysthymic symptoms and preventing them from worsening.

• #53

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] Prevention programmes have been shown to reduce depression. Effective community approaches to prevent depression include school-based programmes to enhance a pattern of positive coping in children and adolescents. Interventions for parents of children with behavioural problems may reduce parental depressive symptoms and improve outcomes for their children. Exercise programmes for older persons can also be effective in depression prevention.

• #54 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p01600

  Experts dont know how to prevent persistent depressive disorder in a child. But spotting it early and getting expert help for your child can help ease symptoms. It can improve your childs quality of life. […] Treatment includes therapy and medicine. Family therapy is also advised. […] If depression greatly interferes with your childs ability to succeed in school, they may be eligible for reasonable accommodations under the ADA or Section 504 of the Civil Rights Act. Talk with your childs teacher or principal for more information.

• #55 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Thus, implementing existing depression prevention methods as a routine part of health care could result in prevention of 2 out of 9 cases of major depression each year. […] Given the high rates of parental depression and the fact that parental depression is one of the most potent risk factors for depression, some interventions have addressed the broader public health needs of families. […] Several studies suggest that it is possible to reduce risk for clinical depression with interventions during pregnancy or soon after delivery. […] Depression among seriously ill individuals is highly prevalent and may contribute to poor outcomes. […] Elderly individuals, especially those residing in nursing homes, are at significant risk for depression. […] Cognitive behavioral preventive interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms have been widely studied, under the assumption that keeping symptoms below a clinical threshold will reduce onset of clinical episodes of depression. […] The meta-analyses showing that 22% to 38% of MDEs could be prevented with currently available interventions should be a call to action. […] Preventing a quarter to a third of cases of major depression would have a substantial impact on individual and societal well-being.

• #56

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. […] Prevention programmes have been shown to reduce depression. Effective community approaches to prevent depression include school-based programmes to enhance a pattern of positive coping in children and adolescents. Interventions for parents of children with behavioural problems may reduce parental depressive symptoms and improve outcomes for their children. Exercise programmes for older persons can also be effective in depression prevention.

• #57 Dysthymia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysthymia

  Though there is no clear-cut way to prevent dysthymia from occurring, there are some suggestions to help reduce its effects. Since dysthymia often appears first in childhood, it is important to identify children who may be at risk. It may be beneficial to work with children in helping to control their stress, increase resilience, boost self-esteem, and provide strong social support networks. These tactics may be helpful in warding off or delaying dysthymic symptoms. […] It has been suggested that the best way to prevent double depression is by treating the dysthymia. A combination of antidepressants and cognitive therapies can be helpful in preventing major depressive symptoms from occurring. Additionally, exercise and good sleep hygiene (e.g., improving sleep patterns) are thought to have an additive effect on treating dysthymic symptoms and preventing them from worsening.

• #58 Dysthymia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysthymia

  Though there is no clear-cut way to prevent dysthymia from occurring, there are some suggestions to help reduce its effects. Since dysthymia often appears first in childhood, it is important to identify children who may be at risk. It may be beneficial to work with children in helping to control their stress, increase resilience, boost self-esteem, and provide strong social support networks. These tactics may be helpful in warding off or delaying dysthymic symptoms. […] It has been suggested that the best way to prevent double depression is by treating the dysthymia. A combination of antidepressants and cognitive therapies can be helpful in preventing major depressive symptoms from occurring. Additionally, exercise and good sleep hygiene (e.g., improving sleep patterns) are thought to have an additive effect on treating dysthymic symptoms and preventing them from worsening.

• #59 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Thus, implementing existing depression prevention methods as a routine part of health care could result in prevention of 2 out of 9 cases of major depression each year. […] Given the high rates of parental depression and the fact that parental depression is one of the most potent risk factors for depression, some interventions have addressed the broader public health needs of families. […] Several studies suggest that it is possible to reduce risk for clinical depression with interventions during pregnancy or soon after delivery. […] Depression among seriously ill individuals is highly prevalent and may contribute to poor outcomes. […] Elderly individuals, especially those residing in nursing homes, are at significant risk for depression. […] Cognitive behavioral preventive interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms have been widely studied, under the assumption that keeping symptoms below a clinical threshold will reduce onset of clinical episodes of depression. […] The meta-analyses showing that 22% to 38% of MDEs could be prevented with currently available interventions should be a call to action. […] Preventing a quarter to a third of cases of major depression would have a substantial impact on individual and societal well-being.

• #60 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Thus, implementing existing depression prevention methods as a routine part of health care could result in prevention of 2 out of 9 cases of major depression each year. […] Given the high rates of parental depression and the fact that parental depression is one of the most potent risk factors for depression, some interventions have addressed the broader public health needs of families. […] Several studies suggest that it is possible to reduce risk for clinical depression with interventions during pregnancy or soon after delivery. […] Depression among seriously ill individuals is highly prevalent and may contribute to poor outcomes. […] Elderly individuals, especially those residing in nursing homes, are at significant risk for depression. […] Cognitive behavioral preventive interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms have been widely studied, under the assumption that keeping symptoms below a clinical threshold will reduce onset of clinical episodes of depression. […] The meta-analyses showing that 22% to 38% of MDEs could be prevented with currently available interventions should be a call to action. […] Preventing a quarter to a third of cases of major depression would have a substantial impact on individual and societal well-being.

• #61 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Thus, implementing existing depression prevention methods as a routine part of health care could result in prevention of 2 out of 9 cases of major depression each year. […] Given the high rates of parental depression and the fact that parental depression is one of the most potent risk factors for depression, some interventions have addressed the broader public health needs of families. […] Several studies suggest that it is possible to reduce risk for clinical depression with interventions during pregnancy or soon after delivery. […] Depression among seriously ill individuals is highly prevalent and may contribute to poor outcomes. […] Elderly individuals, especially those residing in nursing homes, are at significant risk for depression. […] Cognitive behavioral preventive interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms have been widely studied, under the assumption that keeping symptoms below a clinical threshold will reduce onset of clinical episodes of depression. […] The meta-analyses showing that 22% to 38% of MDEs could be prevented with currently available interventions should be a call to action. […] Preventing a quarter to a third of cases of major depression would have a substantial impact on individual and societal well-being.

• #62 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Major depression can be prevented. […] Preventing MDEs would prevent MDDs, by definition. […] The ideal preventive intervention would be administered once, as early in life as possible, and would last a lifetime. […] However, lifetime prevention of MDEs with a single intervention may not be realistic with current methods. […] Preventing or delaying onset during adolescence may promote good premorbid functioning. […] Preventing or delaying onset of depression in mothers perinatally and during the children’s preschool years would prevent the sequelae of maternal depression in children by averting the depressive episode itself in the mother. […] The IOM report included an extensive section on risk and protective factors. […] Two classes of risk factors for depression stand out: specific and nonspecific.

• #63 How to Prevent Depression: Tips & Strategies for Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/understanding-depression-prevention

  Though doctors dont know that its possible to prevent depression altogether, you may be able to keep it from coming back if youve already had an episode. Some therapists use an approach called mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) to do that. […] Other ideas to prevent depression involve medicine, lifestyle changes, and nutrition. Some studies have found that steps like these can reduce new episodes of depression by 25% or more, but scientists need to do more research on these approaches. […] Theres no sure way to prevent depression. But you can: Find ways to handle stress and improve your self-esteem. Take good care of yourself. Get enough sleep, eat well, and exercise regularly. Reach out to family and friends when times get hard. Get regular medical checkups, and see your provider if you dont feel right. Get help if you think youre depressed. If you wait, it could get worse.

• #64 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Persistent depressive disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155308

  There’s no sure way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. Because it often starts in childhood or during the teenage years, identifying children at risk of the condition may help them get early treatment. […] Strategies that may help reduce or prevent symptoms include the following: […] Take steps to control stress, to increase your ability to recover from problems which is called resilience and to boost your self-esteem. […] Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you get through rough spells. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #65 Depression: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression

  You cant always prevent depression, but you can help reduce your risk by: […] Maintaining a healthy sleep routine. […] Managing stress with healthy coping mechanisms. […] Practicing regular self-care activities such as exercise, meditation and yoga. […] If youve had depression before, you may be more likely to experience it again. If you have depression symptoms, get help as soon as possible.

• #66 Persistent depressive disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350935

  Persistent depressive disorder generally is not a condition that you can treat on your own. But along with professional treatment, these self-care steps can help: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions or appointments. Even if you’re feeling well, don’t skip your medicine. Give yourself time to improve gradually. […] Learn about persistent depressive disorder. Education about your condition can empower you and motivate you to follow your treatment plan. Encourage your family to learn about the disorder to help them understand and support you. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or therapist to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so that you know what to do if symptoms get worse or return. Contact your health care provider or therapist if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel. Consider involving family members or friends to watch for warning signs.

• #67 Prevention of Depression – Can You Prevent Depression?

  https://www.brainsway.com/knowledge-center/can-you-prevent-depression/

  Consuming a Mediterranean diet consisting of whole grains, olive oil, fruit, vegetables, fish, low fat dairy products, and antioxidants, has repeatedly been found to lead to a 32% reduction in the risk of developing depression. […] Exercise similarly affects one’s mental health, by increasing their level of endorphins, which are mood regulators. Research has specifically shown that low-intensity aerobic exercise, carried out for 30-35 minutes a day and 3-5 times a week, is a reliable mood regulating activity.

• #68 Persistent depressive disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350935

  Take care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet, be physically active and get plenty of sleep. Consider walking, jogging, swimming, gardening or another activity that you enjoy. Sleeping well is important for both physical and mental well-being. If you’re having trouble sleeping, ask your provider what you can do. […] Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs. It may seem like alcohol or drugs lessen depression-related symptoms. But over time, they generally worsen depression and make it harder to treat. Talk with your provider or therapist if you need help dealing with alcohol or drug use.

• #69 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Persistent depressive disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155308

  There’s no sure way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. Because it often starts in childhood or during the teenage years, identifying children at risk of the condition may help them get early treatment. […] Strategies that may help reduce or prevent symptoms include the following: […] Take steps to control stress, to increase your ability to recover from problems which is called resilience and to boost your self-esteem. […] Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you get through rough spells. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #70 Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01738-y

  Dietary adjustment is an effective, safe, and widely applicable method for preventing MDD, especially by inhibiting MDD-related pathological inflammation. Various nutrients can possess different anti-inflammatory properties; in contrast, there are many proinflammatory foods, such as those high in refined starch, sugar, and saturated fat and low in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, which can promote the occurrence of inflammation to increase the risk of MDD. […] Increasing evidence suggests that physical exercise can prevent some mental disorders in addition to cardiovascular disease. This finding suggests that physical exercise may be able to prevent MDD. […] Social support refers to the help provided by social relations and transactions. Social support may be obtained from a variety of individuals, including family members, friends, coworkers, and community members. Furthermore, a variety of factors, including the quantity and quality of support as well as subjectively perceived social support by individuals, impact the level of social support. It has been reported that MDD patients often lack social support, and receiving adequate social support can confer greater resistance to stress and prevent the occurrence and recurrence of MDD.

• #71 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Persistent depressive disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155308

  There’s no sure way to prevent persistent depressive disorder. Because it often starts in childhood or during the teenage years, identifying children at risk of the condition may help them get early treatment. […] Strategies that may help reduce or prevent symptoms include the following: […] Take steps to control stress, to increase your ability to recover from problems which is called resilience and to boost your self-esteem. […] Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you get through rough spells. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #72 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Thus, implementing existing depression prevention methods as a routine part of health care could result in prevention of 2 out of 9 cases of major depression each year. […] Given the high rates of parental depression and the fact that parental depression is one of the most potent risk factors for depression, some interventions have addressed the broader public health needs of families. […] Several studies suggest that it is possible to reduce risk for clinical depression with interventions during pregnancy or soon after delivery. […] Depression among seriously ill individuals is highly prevalent and may contribute to poor outcomes. […] Elderly individuals, especially those residing in nursing homes, are at significant risk for depression. […] Cognitive behavioral preventive interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms have been widely studied, under the assumption that keeping symptoms below a clinical threshold will reduce onset of clinical episodes of depression. […] The meta-analyses showing that 22% to 38% of MDEs could be prevented with currently available interventions should be a call to action. […] Preventing a quarter to a third of cases of major depression would have a substantial impact on individual and societal well-being.

• #73 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Thus, implementing existing depression prevention methods as a routine part of health care could result in prevention of 2 out of 9 cases of major depression each year. […] Given the high rates of parental depression and the fact that parental depression is one of the most potent risk factors for depression, some interventions have addressed the broader public health needs of families. […] Several studies suggest that it is possible to reduce risk for clinical depression with interventions during pregnancy or soon after delivery. […] Depression among seriously ill individuals is highly prevalent and may contribute to poor outcomes. […] Elderly individuals, especially those residing in nursing homes, are at significant risk for depression. […] Cognitive behavioral preventive interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms have been widely studied, under the assumption that keeping symptoms below a clinical threshold will reduce onset of clinical episodes of depression. […] The meta-analyses showing that 22% to 38% of MDEs could be prevented with currently available interventions should be a call to action. […] Preventing a quarter to a third of cases of major depression would have a substantial impact on individual and societal well-being.

• #74 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Major depression can be prevented. […] Preventing MDEs would prevent MDDs, by definition. […] The ideal preventive intervention would be administered once, as early in life as possible, and would last a lifetime. […] However, lifetime prevention of MDEs with a single intervention may not be realistic with current methods. […] Preventing or delaying onset during adolescence may promote good premorbid functioning. […] Preventing or delaying onset of depression in mothers perinatally and during the children’s preschool years would prevent the sequelae of maternal depression in children by averting the depressive episode itself in the mother. […] The IOM report included an extensive section on risk and protective factors. […] Two classes of risk factors for depression stand out: specific and nonspecific.

• #75 Major Depression Can Be Prevented

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533896/

  Major depression can be prevented. […] Preventing MDEs would prevent MDDs, by definition. […] The ideal preventive intervention would be administered once, as early in life as possible, and would last a lifetime. […] However, lifetime prevention of MDEs with a single intervention may not be realistic with current methods. […] Preventing or delaying onset during adolescence may promote good premorbid functioning. […] Preventing or delaying onset of depression in mothers perinatally and during the children’s preschool years would prevent the sequelae of maternal depression in children by averting the depressive episode itself in the mother. […] The IOM report included an extensive section on risk and protective factors. […] Two classes of risk factors for depression stand out: specific and nonspecific.

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