Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Patient education: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics

  Between 50 and 90 percent of pregnant individuals have some degree of nausea, with or without vomiting, in the first half of pregnancy. This is commonly referred to as „morning sickness” or „nausea and vomiting of pregnancy”; nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the more widely used medical term. The duration and severity of symptoms varies. […] This topic discusses ways to prevent and relieve nausea and vomiting, with and without medications. […] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the term often used to describe mild nausea and vomiting due to pregnancy (and not due to an illness). Symptoms may occur at any time of day and many individuals (80 percent) feel sick throughout the day. Symptoms may include nausea only, vomiting only, or both. […] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy often develop by 5 to 6 weeks of gestation. Symptoms usually peak around 9 weeks and improve by 16 to 18 weeks of gestation. However, symptoms continue into the third trimester in 15 to 20 percent of individuals and until delivery in 5 percent of people.

• #2 Pregnancy – morning sickness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pregnancy-morning-sickness

  Around half to two-thirds of all pregnant women will experience morning sickness. […] Severe morning sickness, called hyperemesis gravidarum, may require hospitalisation. […] Symptoms of morning sickness may be relieved by eating a few dry crackers before you get up in the morning, avoiding foods and smells that make you nauseous, drinking plenty of fluids and choosing high-carbohydrate and high-protein foods. […] In most cases, morning sickness doesn’t harm the woman or the unborn child. However, severe morning sickness that includes weight loss and dehydration needs prompt medical attention. […] If you have nausea and vomiting that will not stop, contact your GP (doctor) or midwife. […] Treatment usually involves hospitalisation, and the administering of intravenous liquids and nutrition. […] Always seek medical advice if your morning sickness is severe, if you have lost a lot of weight quickly, or if you feel depressed or anxious. Treatment options can include medication that won’t harm your developing baby.

• #3 Morning sickness

  https://journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/morning-sickness-ns.30.50.15.s16

  Eight out of ten pregnant women are affected by nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. […] It is one of the most common reasons for pregnant women being admitted to hospital. […] Despite being known as morning sickness, symptoms can occur at any time of the day or night. […] The severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, is much rarer and affects up to 3% of pregnant women. […] For most women, their symptoms improve or disappear by around week 14, although for some it can last longer.

• #4 Patient education: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics

  While symptoms may be distressing, individuals with mild nausea and vomiting during pregnancy experience fewer miscarriages and stillbirths than those without these symptoms. […] Treatment can range from dietary and lifestyle changes to use of one of more medications. You may need to try several forms of treatment or a combination of treatments over a period of weeks before finding what works best for you. […] Treatment may not completely take away all your symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The goal is to make the symptoms tolerable so that you can eat and drink enough for appropriate fetal growth and have a reasonable quality of life. […] Dietary changes—Nausea and vomiting can be made worse by eating too much, not eating enough, or avoiding food altogether. Here are some ways to alter your diet that may help your symptoms: Try eating before or as soon as you feel hungry to avoid an empty stomach.

• #5 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0701/p121.html

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, commonly known as morning sickness, affects approximately 80 percent of pregnant women. […] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is generally a mild, self-limited condition that may be controlled with conservative measures. […] Initial treatment should be conservative and should involve dietary changes, emotional support, and perhaps alternative therapy such as ginger or acupressure. […] Women with uncomplicated nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (morning sickness) have been noted to have improved pregnancy outcomes, including fewer miscarriages, pre-term deliveries, and stillbirths, as well as fewer instances of fetal low birth weight, growth retardation, and mortality. […] Initial treatment of women with mild nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (i.e., morning sickness) should include dietary changes. Affected pregnant women should be instructed to eat frequent, small meals and to avoid smells and food textures that cause nausea.

• #5 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0701/p121.html

  A popular alternative treatment for morning sickness, ginger has been used in teas, preserves, ginger ale, and capsule form. […] Pyridoxine can be used as a single agent or in conjunction with doxylamine. […] Pyridoxine-doxylamine is still the only medication that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has specifically labeled for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. […] If the previously discussed therapies are unsuccessful, a trial of antiemetics is warranted. […] Women with severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy or hyperemesis gravidarum may benefit from droperidol (Inapsine) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl). […] Pregnant women who, despite the previously discussed treatments, are unable to keep down liquids will probably require intravenous fluids. […] Enteral tube feeding and TPN are last-resort treatments for pregnant women who continue to vomit and lose weight despite aggressive treatment with any or all of the previously discussed modalities.

• #6 Pregnancy sickness (nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum) | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pregnancy-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum/

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is a common condition that settles by 20 weeks in 9 out of 10 pregnant women. […] Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of this condition and can affect up to 3 in 100 pregnant women. […] Nausea and vomiting and hyperemesis gravidarum can affect your mood, your work, your home and your social life. […] While most women can be treated at home or as outpatients in hospitals, 1 in 5 affected women may need admission to hospital for treatment. […] Several different anti-sickness medicines are available that may help your symptoms. While some of these medicines may not be licensed for use in pregnancy, they are considered safe for you and your baby. […] If the nausea and vomiting becomes so severe that it stops you from doing your daily activities and you are unable to eat and drink normally, it is known as hyperemesis gravidarum.

• #6 Pregnancy sickness (nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum) | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pregnancy-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum/

  Women with this condition may need to be admitted to hospital. […] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy can be a difficult problem to cope with. […] Support from family and friends can help. […] If your symptoms do not settle or if they stop you doing your daily activities, see your GP. They can prescribe anti-sickness medication that is safe to take in pregnancy. […] Admission to hospital may be advised if you are dehydrated. […] You will be given fluids through a drip in your arm. […] You should be offered anti-sickness medication and a B vitamin called thiamine. […] When you are feeling better, you can start to drink and eat small amounts and slowly build up to a normal diet. […] There are several different types of anti-sickness medicines that you may be offered. […] All the medications above are considered to be safe in pregnancy.

• #6 Pregnancy sickness (nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum) | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pregnancy-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum/

  If hyperemesis gravidarum is not treated, it may cause more harm to the baby than any possible effects of a medicine recommended by your doctor. […] Your symptoms may return and you may become dehydrated. […] If you have ongoing severe nausea and vomiting after 20 weeks, contact your midwife or GP. […] Although this can be a difficult situation for you and may affect you throughout your pregnancy, the symptoms usually resolve or improve after your baby is born. […] If you are feeling anxious, depressed or worried in any way, please speak to your healthcare team who can answer your questions and help you get support.

• #7 Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/hyperemesis-gravidarum-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition affecting pregnant women which causes intractable nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. The priority of nursing care for patients with hyperemesis gravidarum is to identify the severity of nausea and vomiting, the degree of dehydration, and the extent of the weight loss. Nurses provide medications to prevent nausea and vomiting and administer IV fluids and electrolyte supplementation for severe cases. Patient education helps prevent complications and manage discomfort at home. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for hyperemesis gravidarum, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] Patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum can benefit from eating small, frequent meals of bland and dry foods like toast and crackers, as this can help alleviate gastrointestinal upset and reduce nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

• #7 Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/hyperemesis-gravidarum-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Encouraging the patient to avoid greasy and spicy foods can help as eating spicy and greasy foods can cause further stomach upset and aggravate nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Intravenous fluid replacement can help manage fluid loss, prevent dehydration, and correct electrolyte imbalances in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Patient education is integral to managing hyperemesis gravidarum to ensure effective treatment and adherence. Educating the patient on the signs and symptoms of the condition and controlling fluid loss is important to prevent complications. […] Small meals allow food intake without aggravating bouts of nausea and vomiting. […] Administration of parenteral nutrition may be required for patients with hyperemesis gravidarum who cannot tolerate foods and fluid intake. […] Antiemetics may be provided to pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum to help alleviate nausea and vomiting.

• #8 Nausea & Vomiting Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan [2025 Guide] – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/nausea/

  Nausea and vomiting pose significant challenges in patient care, impacting their comfort and condition. Addressing these symptoms requires a comprehensive nursing approach that involves understanding the underlying causes, implementing tailored interventions, and providing empathetic support. […] Utilize this comprehensive nursing care plan and management guide to provide effective care for patients experiencing nausea and vomiting. This resource will equip nurses with knowledge of nursing assessments, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnoses specifically tailored to address and alleviate symptoms of nausea. […] Pregnancy-related nausea, also known as morning sickness, is a common experience for many women. Nurses play a crucial role in identifying the causes of nausea, administering antiemetic medications, assessing their effectiveness, and communicating relevant information to healthcare providers for necessary treatment adjustments.

• #8 Nausea & Vomiting Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan [2025 Guide] – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/nausea/

  Nausea and vomiting are commonly experienced during early pregnancy, often referred to as morning sickness. […] The following are the common goals and expected outcomes for nausea and vomiting: The client will report decreased severity or elimination of nausea and vomiting. […] Provide small, frequent meals. During the antenatal period, frequent small meals every one to two hours to avoid a full stomach are recommended. […] Promote the use of ginger for the relief of nausea and vomiting. Ginger therapy is a simple, easily available, convenient, and effective method for the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. […] Advise the client to discontinue iron therapy. According to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) guidelines, pregnant women should be prompted to discontinue iron-containing supplements during the first trimester of pregnancy and substitute them with folic acid or adults or children’s vitamins low in iron. A Canadian cohort study also found that the majority of women who discontinued iron supplements reported improvements in the severity of nausea and vomiting.

• #9 Morning sickness – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/morning-sickness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375260

  Morning sickness is typically diagnosed based on symptoms. If your health care provider suspects hyperemesis gravidarum, you may need an exam along with urine and blood tests. […] Treatments for morning sickness include vitamin B-6 supplements (pyridoxine), ginger and drugs such as doxylamine (Unisom). Continuing symptoms might require prescription anti-nausea medications. […] Extra fluids and prescription medicine are recommended for moderate to severe morning sickness. […] If you have hyperemesis gravidarum, you may be given fluids through a vein and anti-nausea medicine in a hospital. Rarely, continuing weight loss might lead to the need for a feeding tube. […] Check with your care provider before taking any medicine or supplements during pregnancy. […] To help relieve morning sickness: Choose foods carefully. Select foods that are high in protein, low in fat and easy to digest. Avoid greasy, spicy and fatty foods. Bland foods, such as bananas, rice, applesauce and toast may be easy to digest. Salty foods might be helpful, as are foods that contain ginger such as ginger lollipops.

• #10 Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: Treatment and outcome – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-treatment-and-outcome

  NVP severity should be assessed at each patient encounter as the severity of symptoms, such as the frequency of vomiting, can vary from day to day. Although there is no standard definition of, or criteria for, diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum, these patients typically present with weight loss (more than 5 percent prepregnancy weight); clinical signs of dehydration and volume depletion (eg, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension); laboratory abnormalities (eg, electrolyte, thyroid, and liver abnormalities; ketonuria); and nutritional deficiencies. […] The goals of treatment are to:

• #11 HER Foundation – Do I Have Morning Sickness or HG?

  https://www.hyperemesis.org/who-we-help/mothers-area/get-info/do-i-have-morning-sickness-or-hg/

  Women often ask if they have hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) or just severe morning sickness. Early in pregnancy, it may be difficult to know because HG may develop gradually. If you find yourself dehydrated and/or losing weight rapidly (1-2 pounds [0.45-0.9 kgs.] a week or more) due to severe nausea and vomiting, find a health professional who understands HG management. […] Sometimes morning sickness will progress to HG due to ineffective or inadequate care. Delaying treatment over concerns of any possible risks to the mother and child increases the risks for known complications of HG to both from chronic dehydration and malnutrition. Further, many medications such as promethazine and Zofran (ondansetron) have been used for decades and research finds little if any increase in risk to the unborn child, even if taken early in pregnancy. […] Significant (>5% of your pre-pregnancy weight) weight loss and recurrent dehydration are classic signs of HG. […] Every woman with HG loses weight unless they are given IV nutrition and medications at the start of HG. Calculate the percentage you have lost to see if you should call your doctor.

• #12 Morning sickness – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/morning-sickness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375260

  Rinse your mouth after vomiting. The acid from your stomach can damage the enamel on your teeth. If you can, rinse your mouth with a cup of water mixed with a teaspoon of baking soda. This will help protect your teeth. […] Check with your health care provider before using any herbal remedies or alternative treatments to relieve morning sickness. […] You can usually wait until your regular prenatal appointment to talk about morning sickness. Be prepared to talk about how often you have nausea, how often you vomit, whether you can keep down fluids and whether you have tried home remedies. […] Have a family member or friend go with you to your appointment, if possible, to help you remember what you hear from your provider. Take a notepad with you to jot down important information. […] To prepare for your appointment, make a list of your symptoms, even those you don’t think are related to your morning sickness. […] Some questions to ask about morning sickness include: Is pregnancy causing my symptoms or could it be something else? […] Your health care provider might ask you: How bad are your symptoms? Can you keep food down?

• #12 Morning sickness – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/morning-sickness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375260

  Snack often. Before getting out of bed in the morning, eat a few soda crackers or a piece of dry toast. Nibble throughout the day, rather than eating three larger meals. You don’t want to get too full, but an empty stomach can also make nausea worse. […] Drink plenty of fluids. Sip water, real ginger ale or ginger tea. Try to drink 6 to 8 cups of fluids without caffeine each day. […] Pay attention to nausea triggers. Avoid foods or smells that seem to make your nausea worse. […] Take care with prenatal vitamins. If you feel queasy after taking prenatal vitamins, take the vitamins with a snack or just before bed. Or try chewable or gummy versions of the vitamins. If these steps don’t help, ask your health care provider about other ways you can get the iron and vitamins you need during pregnancy.

• #13 Patient education: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics

  One of the most important ways to manage pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting is to avoid odors, tastes, and other activities that trigger nausea. […] Other behaviors that may help prevent or relieve symptoms include: Brushing your teeth after eating. […] The following treatments may be useful when used with other treatments. […] If you are unable to tolerate food or liquids, you may be treated with intravenous (IV) fluids and medications. […] Medications that reduce nausea and vomiting are effective in many individuals. Some individuals will need more than one medication to have effective symptom relief. […] Most individuals with pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting recover completely without any complications. […] Individuals who have hyperemesis gravidarum in one pregnancy have a 15 to 20 percent risk of having it again in future pregnancies.

• #14 Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy

  If diet and lifestyle changes dont help, or if you have severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, you might need medical treatment. […] Your ob-gyn or other obstetric care provider will first want to know whether your symptoms are due to nausea and vomiting of pregnancy or another medical cause. […] If your nausea and vomiting are severe or if you have hyperemesis gravidarum, you might need to stay in the hospital until your symptoms are under control. […] If you continue to lose weight, a feeding tube may be recommended to ensure that you and your fetus are getting enough nutrients.

• #15 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2018/01/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is a common condition that affects the health of a pregnant woman and her fetus. […] Because morning sickness is common in early pregnancy, the presence of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy may be minimized by obstetricians, other obstetric care providers, and pregnant women and, thus, undertreated. […] Once nausea and vomiting of pregnancy progresses, it can become more difficult to control symptoms. Treatment in the early stages may prevent more serious complications, including hospitalization. […] Safe and effective treatments are available for more severe cases, and mild cases of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy may be resolved with lifestyle and dietary changes. […] The womans perception of the severity of her symptoms plays a critical role in the decision of whether, when, and how to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. […] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy should be distinguished from nausea and vomiting related to other causes.

• #16 What to know about morning sickness | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/womens-health/what-to-know-about-morning-sickness

  Morning sickness is one of the most feared side effects that comes with being pregnant. The feeling of nausea and vomiting can be miserable, but you arent alone. Morning sickness is very common and affects the majority of pregnancies, especially in the first trimester. […] Approximately 50% to 80% of pregnant people will experience nausea, and about 50% will experience vomiting with their pregnancy. […] If you have questions or concerns regarding your morning sickness, you should contact your doctor. […] Some women may still experience nausea and vomiting after the first trimester. In this case, I recommend speaking with your doctor, as other conditions may be playing a role in your symptoms, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is common in the second and third trimesters due to increased pressure on your stomach. This may require medication for symptom management.

• #17 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects nearly 75% of pregnant women. The exact cause is unknown. In most cases, it is a mild, self-limited condition that can be controlled with conservative measures and has no adverse fetal sequelae. […] Initial treatment is conservative and includes dietary changes, emotional support, and vitamin B6 supplementation. Several safe and effective pharmacologic therapies are available for women who do not improve with initial treatment. […] Women with hyperemesis gravidarum may require more aggressive interventions, including hospitalization, rehydration therapy, and parenteral nutrition. […] Treatment should be directed toward reducing symptoms while posing the least amount of risk to the fetus and mother. Various modalities have been used, some without evidence of benefit.

• #17 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Traditional first-line therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and for hyperemesis gravidarum includes dietary modifications such as avoidance of large meals and consumption of low-fat, low-fiber, bland foods (e.g., breads, crackers, cereals, eggs, tofu, lean meat, peanut butter, fruits, vegetables). […] A variety of other nonpharmacologic therapies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy are listed in Table 2. […] Vitamin B6 (10 to 25 mg every eight hours) is more effective than placebo in improving symptoms of nausea, although the reduction in vomiting is less clear. […] Combination therapy with vitamin B6 and doxylamine (Unisom SleepTabs) reduces nausea and vomiting by 70%. […] Antihistamines decrease stimulation of the vomiting center by affecting the vestibular system. […] Metoclopramide (Reglan) is often used alone and in combination with other agents, such as vitamin B6, for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

• #18 Pregnancy: Dealing With Morning Sickness | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.pregnancy-dealing-with-morning-sickness.tn9125

  Morning sickness is nausea, sometimes with vomiting, during pregnancy. It occurs most often during the first several months of pregnancy. It usually gets better in the second trimester. […] If you have morning sickness, try these tips to feel better. […] Eat five or six small meals a day. It’s helpful to always have some food in your stomach, but not too much. […] Eat a small snack when you first wake up. Keep a few crackers nearby when you go to sleep so you can eat them before you get up. […] Drink enough fluids. Water and other caffeine-free drinks are good choices. […] Try to avoid foods and smells that make you feel sick. High-fat or greasy foods, milk, and coffee may make nausea worse. Some foods that may be easier to tolerate include cold, spicy, sour, and salty foods. […] Try foods and drinks made with ginger. Foods and drinks made with ginger, like ginger tea, ginger ale, and crystallized ginger, may help with nausea.

• #18 Pregnancy: Dealing With Morning Sickness | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.pregnancy-dealing-with-morning-sickness.tn9125

  Try P6 acupressure wrist bands. Some people find that these anti-nausea wristbands help. You can buy them at most drugstores. […] Talk to your doctor or midwife about other things that may help. If you’re taking iron supplements, ask if they’re needed. (Iron can make nausea worse.) And ask your doctor about taking prescription medicine or over-the-counter options such as vitamin B6 or doxylamine to help with symptoms. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You lose weight. Your symptoms get worse or you do not get better as expected.

• #19 When does morning sickness start? Here’s what to know | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/when-does-morning-sickness-start-and-how-can-i-get-relief/

  Having an empty stomach for too long can make anyone feel sick. Eating small snacks throughout the day in between larger meals can keep you from feeling queasy. […] Some food and drinks are difficult to digest and may make you feel sicker. Try to stay away from caffeine, acidic foods such as tomatoes, and greasy or spicy foods. […] Eating and drinking foods with ginger can help calm the feelings of nausea. […] Though it may already be present in your prenatal vitamin, taking additional vitamin B6 has been shown to be effective in reducing nausea during pregnancy. […] These remedies may not work for everyone, and there are other solutions for more persistent symptoms. Talk to your care provider about anti-nausea medications that are safe to take while pregnant.

• #20

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh4013

  For nausea when you wake up, eat a small snack, such as a couple of crackers or pretzels, before rising. Allow a few minutes for your stomach to settle before you slowly get up. […] Drink enough fluids. Water and other caffeine-free drinks are good choices. […] Try to avoid smells and foods that make you feel nauseated. High-fat or greasy foods and coffee may make nausea worse. Some foods that may be easier to tolerate include cold, sour, and salty foods. […] Try foods and drinks made with ginger, such as ginger tea, ginger ale, and crystallized ginger. Ginger may help with nausea. […] If you are taking iron supplements, ask your doctor or midwife if they are necessary for you right now. […] Get lots of rest. Stress and fatigue can make your morning sickness worse. […] Try a P6 acupressure wrist band. These anti-nausea wristbands help some people. You can buy them at most drugstores.

• #20

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh4013

  Take your prenatal vitamins at night on a full stomach. […] Ask your doctor or midwife about medicines that may help with morning sickness. […] Call your doctor, midwife, or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You are too sick to your stomach to drink fluids. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor, midwife, or nurse advice line if: You lose weight. […] Your symptoms get worse or you do not get better as expected.

• #21 Morning sickness

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/J_M/Morning-sickness

  Morning sickness is the nausea and vomiting experienced by many women during pregnancy. It affects between 70 to 85 per cent of pregnant women. […] Although we are uncertain about the cause of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, we do know that changing your diet may relieve your discomfort. […] Speak to your midwife or doctor if you experience: signs of dehydration (dark coloured urine or dizziness when you stand), repeated vomiting throughout the day (especially if you see blood in the vomit), pain or cramping, weight loss over 2 to 3 kg. […] Eat small amounts of food often. Aim for 5 to 6 small meals a day. […] If your vomiting becomes severe, or your start to experiencing pain or cramping, seek advice from your doctor or midwife.

• #22 Morning Sickness – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=morning-sickness-1-2080

  Here are a few ways to ease nausea in pregnancy, as recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG): Avoid smells that bother you. […] Eat five or six small meals each day. Try not to let your stomach get too empty or too full, and sit upright after meals. […] Drink fluids often during the day. Teas and cold drinks that are bubbly may help. […] Eat foods that are low fat and easy to digest. The BRATT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast, and tea) may help. This diet is easy to keep down, provides calories, liquids, and electrolytes. You can also try products that contain ginger, such as tea, cookies, and supplements. […] The ACOG also recommends 10-25 mg of vitamin B6 every eight hours to help with NVP.

• #23

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12378

  Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor, midwife, or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Choose water and other clear liquids until you feel better. Try using an electrolyte replacement drink (such as Pedialyte) to replace fluids and minerals. […] For nausea when you wake up, eat a small snack such as crackers before rising. Wait a few minutes, then slowly get up. […] Keep food in your stomach, but not too much at once. An empty stomach can make nausea worse. Eat several small meals every day instead of three large meals. […] Ask your doctor or midwife about medicines that may help relieve your symptoms. […] Try to avoid smells and foods that make you feel sick to your stomach. High-fat or greasy foods, milk, and coffee may make nausea worse. Some foods that may be easier to tolerate include cold, spicy, sour, and salty foods.

• #23

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12378

  Get lots of rest. Stress and fatigue can make your morning sickness worse. […] You may want to try P6 acupressure bands. They put pressure on an acupressure point in the wrist. Some people feel better using the bands. […] Try foods and drinks made with ginger, such as ginger tea, ginger ale, and crystallized ginger. Ginger may help with nausea. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor, midwife, or nurse advice line if you lose weight. […] Your symptoms get worse or you do not get better as expected.

• #24

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/morning-sickness/

  Get plenty of rest – being tired can make you feel worse. […] Aim to eat little and often throughout the day. Eat enough to keep your energy levels up and prevent weight loss. […] Some cooking smells may make you feel sick. Having ready-made or easily prepared foods in the house is useful so that you can avoid cooking. […] Eating foods or sipping drinks that contain ginger may help to reduce mild nausea and vomiting. Check with your pharmacist before taking a ginger supplement to make sure it’s safe for your pregnancy. […] If you vomit, rinse your mouth out with water. Your teeth will be softened by your stomach acid, so do not brush straight away. Wait about an hour to brush your teeth.

• #24

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/morning-sickness/

  Nausea and vomiting can be common during pregnancy. Most people call it 'morning sickness’. But feeling sick or vomiting can happen at any time of the day or night. Some people find it lasts all day. […] There are things you can do to help with the symptoms of morning sickness. […] If your morning sickness causes you problems, talk to your GP, midwife or obstetrician. They may recommend some safe medicine to ease the symptoms. You may have to go to hospital if your sickness is severe. […] It’s important to stay hydrated when you are feeling unwell. […] Aim to drink one glass (200ml) of fluid every hour for 10 hours. Take small sips continuously rather than drinking it all at once. Drinking large amounts in one go can make you feel sick. […] The following things can help reduce symptoms of morning sickness.

• #25 7 Ways to Ease Morning Sickness

  https://www.texashealth.org/baby-care/Pregnancy/7-ways-to-ease-morning-sickness

  A common ailment among pregnant women, morning sickness is usually limited to the first trimester, though some women experience it throughout pregnancy. Nausea affects most pregnant women, while vomiting affects up to about 1 in 3. […] If you’re vomiting due to morning sickness, keep in mind that vomit contains stomach acids that can weaken your teeth. Don’t brush immediately after vomiting. Instead, rinse your mouth with a cup of water and a teaspoon of baking soda. Then wait about a half hour before brushing. […] Do let your healthcare provider know if your nausea seems extreme or if it comes to a sudden halt. And keep your eyes on the calendar; most nausea stops by the end of the 12th week of pregnancy.

• #26 Morning sickness

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20375235

  Morning sickness is feeling like throwing up, also called nausea, and throwing up, also called vomiting, that occurs during pregnancy. […] Many people have morning sickness, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. […] Home remedies, such as snacking during the day and sipping ginger ale or taking medicine you can buy without a prescription, might help relieve nausea. […] Treatments for morning sickness include vitamin B-6 supplements (pyridoxine), ginger and drugs such as doxylamine (Unisom). […] Extra fluids and prescription medicine are recommended for moderate to severe morning sickness. […] To help relieve morning sickness: Choose foods carefully. Select foods that are high in protein, low in fat and easy to digest. Avoid greasy, spicy and fatty foods. […] Snack often. Before getting out of bed in the morning, eat a few soda crackers or a piece of dry toast. […] Drink plenty of fluids. Sip water, real ginger ale or ginger tea. […] Pay attention to nausea triggers. Avoid foods or smells that seem to make your nausea worse. […] Check with your health care provider before using any herbal remedies or alternative treatments to relieve morning sickness.

• #27 Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990891/

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a common medical condition in pregnancy with significant physical and psychological morbidity. Up to 90% of women will suffer from NVP symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy with up to 2% developing hyperemesis gravidarum which is NVP at its worst, leading to hospitalization and even death in extreme cases. Optimal management of NVP begins with nonpharmacological approaches, use of ginger, acupressure, vitamin B6, and dietary adjustments. The positive impact of these noninvasive, inexpensive and safe methods has been demonstrated. Pharmacological treatments are available with varying effectiveness; however, the only drug marketed specifically for the treatment of NVP in pregnancy is Diclectin (vitamin B6 and doxylamine). In addition, the Motherisk algorithm provides a guideline for use of safe and effective drugs for the treatment of NVP. Optimal medical management of symptoms will ensure the mental and physical wellbeing of expecting mothers and their developing babies during this often stressful and difficult time period. Dismissing NVP as an inconsequential part of pregnancy can have serious ramifications for both mother and baby.

• #27 Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990891/

  The Motherisk NVP line at Torontos Hospital for Sick Children has been counseling women on the management of NVP for more than 15 years. We have developed the following dietary guidelines, which have been followed by many clinicians. […] A number of nonpharmacological and pharmacotherapy approaches have been proposed, investigated and recommended for the treatment of NVP. We will address the safety and effectiveness of each treatment in this review. […] Health care providers should recognize NPV as a medical condition with significant potential to compromise womens wellbeing, even when symptoms are moderate, and should not hesitate to treat aggressively. Dismissing NVP as an inconsequential part of pregnancy, and not providing adequate treatment, can seriously compromise the health of both mother and fetus. The attitude and practices of physicians and other health care providers is integral in the management of this debilitating condition.

• #28 Remedies for Morning Sickness During Pregnancy | Rochester Regional Health

  https://www.rochesterregional.org/hub/morning-sickness-cures

  If non-pharmaceutical treatments are not helping to relieve morning sickness, providers might prescribe medications to help lessen the symptoms. Some of these might include antiemetic drugs such as: doxylamine (Unisom), ondansetron (Zofran), pyridoxine, trimethobenzamide (Tigan). […] Before you start taking supplements or over-the-counter medications to help with morning sickness, check with your primary care provider or OBGYN to make sure it is safe for both you and your baby, Fjeldheim said.

• #29 Morning sickness | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/morning-sickness

  Yes. If you cant relieve morning sickness on your own or if you have severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, your provider may treat you with these medicines: Vitamin B6 and doxylamine. Your provider may treat you with these medicines separately or together. […] Talk to your provider before you take any medicine during pregnancy, even medicine to help treat morning sickness. […] But call your provider if: Your morning sickness continues into your 4th month of pregnancy.

• #30 Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12232-hyperemesis-gravidarum

  Hyperemesis gravidarum is sometimes called severe morning sickness. […] Morning sickness is extremely common during pregnancy up to 80% of people report experiencing it. […] Hyperemesis gravidarum causes you to vomit several times per day. […] If your vomiting is excessive and you become dehydrated, you might need to stay in the hospital. […] The best thing you can do for hyperemesis gravidarum is to get treatment from your provider. […] Hyperemesis gravidarum is extreme morning sickness and causes you to vomit several times per day during pregnancy.

• #31 Beyond Morning Sickness: Hyperemesis Gravidarum | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/consumers/knowledge-and-news-women-owh-blog/beyond-morning-sickness-hyperemesis-gravidarum

  The vast majority of women experience nausea during pregnancy, often referred to as morning sickness, especially in the first three months of pregnancy. HG is the medical term for the most severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It is more extreme than morning sickness. HG can lead to weight loss and dehydration, and may require intensive treatment. […] Women with morning sickness can generally proceed with normal daily activities, but women with HG cannot. While morning sickness can cause decreased appetite, low level nausea, or vomiting (at any time of day), morning sickness is different from HG because women with morning sickness are typically able to eat and drink fluids some of the time. One symptom of HG is not being able to drink enough fluid or eat enough food. […] Symptoms in pregnant women may include: Severe, persistent nausea, Vomiting more than 3 times a day, Salivating a lot more than normal, Weight loss (more than 5% of pre-pregnancy weight), Signs of dehydration (dark urine, dry skin, weakness, lightheadedness, or fainting), Constipation, Not being able to keep food or liquids down, Feeling dizzy or lightheaded, Headaches.

• #32 Understanding Severe Morning Sickness: Hyperemesis Gravidarum

  https://uoflhealth.org/articles/suffering-from-severe-morning-sickness/

  However, if you have severe hyperemesis gravidarum, a hospital stay may be needed so you can get vital nutrition and fluids you need through an IV or a feeding tube to make sure you stay hydrated. In the hospital, your provider may use a variety of medications to treat nausea and acid reflux. Bed rest may also be prescribed when you go home from the hospital.

• #33 Morning sickness: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003119.htm

  Acupressure wrist bands or acupuncture may help. You can find these bands in drug, health food, and travel and boating stores. If you are thinking about trying acupuncture, talk to your health care provider and look for an acupuncturist who is trained to work with pregnant women. […] Contact your provider if: Morning sickness does not improve, despite trying home remedies. Nausea and vomiting continue beyond your 4th month of pregnancy. This happens to some women. In most cases this is normal, but you should have it checked out. You vomit blood or material that looks like coffee grounds. (Call immediately.) You vomit more than 3 times per day or you cannot keep food or liquid down. Your urine appears to be concentrated and dark, or you urinate very infrequently. You have excessive weight loss. […] Your provider will do a physical examination, including a pelvic exam, and look for any signs of dehydration.

• #34 Morning Sickness in Cedar City, UT | The Cedar City Institute of Women’s Health

  https://cciowh.com/morning-sickness/

  Morning sickness can sometimes be confused with other health concerns that can also complicate pregnancy. […] Nausea during pregnancy is often referred to as morning sickness since it often seems most severe first thing after awakening but may occur at any time during the day. […] Keep some crackers and water by the side of your bed so that you can nibble on a few crackers first thing in the morning before getting up and starting your day. […] Regardless of what food choices you are able to tolerate, always remember the importance of staying well hydrated. […] If you cannot keep anything down for more than 24 hours, experience light-headedness or fainting, produce only small amounts of dark urine, or if you throw up bloody fluid, you should notify your doctors office. […] Contact your doctor if you: Cannot even keep down liquids, Vomit bloody fluid, Are rapidly losing weight, Experience light-headedness or fainting, Urinate only small amounts of dark urine, Have a rapid heartbeat above 100 beats per minute.

• #35

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/morning-sickness

  Morning sickness is feeling like throwing up, also called nausea, and throwing up, also called vomiting, that occurs during pregnancy. Despite its name, morning sickness can strike at any time of the day or night. […] Many people have morning sickness, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. But some people have morning sickness all through pregnancy. Home remedies, such as snacking during the day and sipping ginger ale or taking medicine you can buy without a prescription, might help relieve nausea. […] Rarely, morning sickness is so bad that it turns into hyperemesis gravidarum. This is when the nausea and vomiting cause serious fluid loss or loss of more than 5% of pre-pregnancy body weight. Hyperemesis gravidarum might require going to a hospital for treatment. […] Contact your health care provider if: You produce no urine or only a little urine that’s a dark color, You can’t keep liquids down, You feel dizzy or faint when you stand up, Your heart races.

• #36 Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy – Fraser Health AuthorityNausea and vomiting in pregnancy – Fraser Health Authority

  https://www.fraserhealth.ca/health-topics-a-to-z/pregnancy-and-baby/pregnancy/nausea-and-vomiting-in-pregnancy

  Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy can happen for many reasons. About 65 per cent of pregnant people have nausea and vomiting while pregnant. It often starts at about 4 to 8 weeks of pregnancy and continues to 12 to 16 weeks or more for some. […] Although it’s often called “morning sickness”, nausea and vomiting can happen any time of the day or night. […] Get as much rest as you can; being tired can make nausea worse. […] Talk to your doctor about taking just folic acid instead of your prenatal vitamin while you are feeling nauseated. Once you are feeling better, you can go back to taking your prenatal multivitamin. […] Try not to drink fluids with your food. The fluid plus foods adds too much to your stomach and can cause you to vomit. […] After eating, avoid lying down. Keep your body at least semi-upright (greater than 45 degrees) for at least 30 minutes after a meal. This helps the food stay down. […] Try to get about 8 cups or 2 litres of fluid per day. Sip small amounts of fluid throughout the day. […] If you experience vomiting 2-3 times per day. […] We offer clinics that provide care, counselling and education for those experiencing severe nausea and vomiting during their pregnancy.

• #37 Morning sickness Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/morning-sickness

  Morning sickness is nausea and vomiting that can occur at any time of the day during pregnancy. […] Morning sickness is very common. Most pregnant women have at least some nausea, and about one third have vomiting. […] Morning sickness most often begins during the first month of pregnancy and continues through the 14th to 16th week (3rd or 4th month). Some women have nausea and vomiting through their entire pregnancy. […] Morning sickness does not hurt the baby in any way unless you lose weight, such as with severe vomiting. Mild weight loss during the first trimester is not uncommon when women have moderate symptoms, and is not harmful to the baby. […] Try to keep a positive attitude. Remember that in most cases morning sickness stops after the first 3 or 4 months of pregnancy. To reduce nausea, try: A few soda crackers or dry toast when you first wake up, even before you get out of bed in the morning. […] Contact your provider if: Morning sickness does not improve, despite trying home remedies. […] Your provider will do a physical examination, including a pelvic exam, and look for any signs of dehydration.

• #38 Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (Morning Sickness) | Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/pregnancy/common-problems-in-pregnancy-leaflet/morning-sickness-in-pregnancy

  This severe vomiting in pregnancy is called hyperemesis gravidarum. These women often need to be admitted to hospital for intravenous fluids and other treatment. […] The exact cause of the sickness is not known. It is probably due to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. […] Mild-to-moderate symptoms of nausea and vomiting are unlikely to cause any problems to the baby. […] Severe symptoms (hyperemesis gravidarum), if untreated, do seem to increase the risk of some problems, such as preterm labour and low birth weight. […] In most cases, as the symptoms are often mild, no specific treatment is needed. However, there are certain things that can be tried to help relieve symptoms. […] Most pregnant women manage to eat and drink enough, and can manage symptoms without anti-sickness medicines. However, an anti-sickness medicine may be advised if symptoms are persistent and severe, or do not settle with the above measures.

• #38 Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (Morning Sickness) | Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/pregnancy/common-problems-in-pregnancy-leaflet/morning-sickness-in-pregnancy

  Feeling sick (nauseous) or having vomiting is very common in early pregnancy. […] For some people, the symptoms are worse, and medical treatment might be needed to help them feel better. In severe cases (called 'hyperemesis gravidarum’), treatment in hospital may be necessary. […] Many pregnant women feel sick or vomit during early pregnancy. In most cases it is mild and does not need any specific treatment. […] Lack of fluid in the body (dehydration) is a complication in severe cases. See a doctor if you suspect that you are becoming dehydrated, or if you are struggling with the symptoms. […] Sickness and vomiting usually start between the fourth and seventh weeks of pregnancy. […] Sickness and vomiting in pregnancy can be a difficult problem to cope with. It can interfere with a pregnant woman’s life. It can affect mood, work, relationships, the home situation and people’s ability to care for their family. Support and help from family and friends can make coping easier.

• #39 Severe vomiting in pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/severe-vomiting/

  The charity Pregnancy Sickness Support has information and tips on coping with nausea and vomiting, including HG. […] If you feel any of these, do not keep it to yourself. Talk to your midwife or doctor, and explain the impact HG is having on your life and how it is making you feel. […] Bear in mind that HG is much worse than regular pregnancy sickness. It is not the result of anything you have or have not done, and you do need treatment and support.

• #40 Nausea & Vomiting: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/nausea-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing Process: In managing nausea, it is important to determine and treat its underlying cause, manage complications, and promote symptomatic relief. […] Nurses can anticipate nausea in instances of chemotherapy and premedicate to prevent discomfort. Nurses can also educate patients on nonpharmacologic interventions to prevent and treat nausea. […] Nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] Nausea tends to limit the adequacy of nutritional intake. Aversion to food and loss of appetite can mean that the patient is not getting enough fluids through food sources which can lead to dehydration and malnutrition. […] Nausea is an unpleasant sensation that affects the abdomen, epigastric area, and throat, causing the patient significant discomfort and the urge to vomit. […] Nausea is a nursing-focused diagnosis as it is usually a secondary cause of a primary diagnosis. […] Patients with nausea are at risk for deficient fluid volume as this symptom is often accompanied by vomiting.

• #41 morning sickness/nursing – General Nursing Support

  https://allnurses.com/morning-sickness-nursing-t167475/

  I am having a very difficult time working as a RN during this time. The smells of the hospital are awful. […] It is so hard to take care of others when you feel so awful yourself. […] Please talk to your OB/CNM about the advisability of continuing to work when you are experiencing such severe symptoms. […] If you find you are unable to work, talk to your Dr. about this. This disease can be deadly! […] I had to stop working and suffered with this my entire pg. […] I hope this gets better soon.

• #42 Morning sickness – General Nursing Support

  https://allnurses.com/morning-sickness-t17058/

  Be REAL careful doing med-surg pregnant (or any nursing). […] Sometimes, the job is NOT worth it. […] eating crackers and more crackers helps sometimes. eat dry cereal. nutritious finger foods and dried fruits for awhile until your stomach settles. […] see your ob and let him/her know the scoop so they can run test or give you something to curtail the nausea. […] if you can afford to stop working for a time, i would recommend this. if you can not stop working…….go to work and throw up when you got to throw up. […] the nausea and vomiting will pass. […] Try to keep something (pretzels and 7up in small quantities worked for me) in your stomach at all times, and you might feel better. Hydrate!!! […] I have used crystallized ginger for nausea, and it does well. Know a nurse who swore by „Sea Bands” for morning sickness. They may be worth a try.

• #42 Morning sickness – General Nursing Support

  https://allnurses.com/morning-sickness-t17058/

  Just was wondering is anyone could give me any advice about going to work when you have morning sickness or as my case is „all day sickness”. […] I am sick all the time though, worse as the day goes on, dizzy, nauseous, hardly get sleep at night due to getting up a lot. […] Any suggestions would help! […] I found that sticking with dry, bland foods helped (crackers, bread). It only gets worse when you don’t eat and your blood sugar drops to the point that you feel dizzy/nauseous. […] If you are vomiting that much you need to check with your OB to make sure you are not spilling ketones into your urine. […] I wore sea bands, drank ginger ale, ginger tea, and ate toast. […] Finally, My OB put me on Vitamin B-6 supplements and Antivert. Those two things together helped TREMENDOUSLY!

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