Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Morning sickness – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/morning-sickness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375260

  Morning sickness is typically diagnosed based on symptoms. […] Treatments for morning sickness include vitamin B-6 supplements (pyridoxine), ginger and drugs such as doxylamine (Unisom). […] Extra fluids and prescription medicine are recommended for moderate to severe morning sickness. […] If you have hyperemesis gravidarum, you may be given fluids through a vein and anti-nausea medicine in a hospital. […] Check with your health care provider before using any herbal remedies or alternative treatments to relieve morning sickness. […] Various alternative remedies have been suggested for morning sickness, including: […] Acupressure wristbands are available without a prescription in most pharmacies. […] Acupuncture isn’t a proven way to treat morning sickness, but some people find it helpful.

• #2 Morning Sickness: When It Starts, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16566-morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy

  About 70% of women get morning sickness. Changes to your diet and lifestyle can help morning sickness until it subsides. If you have severe morning sickness, your obstetrician may want to treat you with medication or IV fluids. There are various at-home treatments for morning sickness, including diet and lifestyle changes. Some obstetricians recommend over-the-counter (OTC) medications for nausea. Women with severe morning sickness may need to be admitted to the hospital to receive IV fluids to restore hydration and medications to relieve nausea. Making small changes to your diet and lifestyle can go a long way in decreasing nausea. Your healthcare provider may recommend taking vitamin B6 (also called pyridoxine) and doxylamine. Doxylamine is also used as a sleep aid and to treat hay fever or other allergies. Both products are available over-the-counter and dont need a prescription. Theres a medication approved for morning sickness called Diclegis. Your obstetrician can prescribe medications to prevent nausea (also called antiemetics). If these drugs dont help, other drugs like antihistamines and anticholinergics may work. You and your healthcare provider will decide which medications work best for you.

• #3 Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is a common condition. […] There are safe treatment options that can make you feel better and keep your symptoms from getting worse. […] You should talk with your obstetrician-gynecologist (ob-gyn) or other obstetric care provider if nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects your life and causes you concern. […] Women with hyperemesis gravidarum need treatment, sometimes in a hospital, to stop the vomiting and restore body fluids. […] Changes to your diet and lifestyle might help you feel better. These change can include: Taking vitamins, Adjusting meal times, Changing the types of foods you eat. […] Yes, take a prenatal vitamin. Studies show that taking a vitamin supplement before and during pregnancy reduces the risk of having severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

• #4 Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12232-hyperemesis-gravidarum

  Hyperemesis gravidarum is the medical term for severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Fortunately there are treatments available, including medicines to prevent nausea. […] Treatment depends on the severity of your symptoms. Be sure to discuss all your treatment options with your pregnancy care provider. […] For very mild cases, possible treatments could include: Lifestyle changes: These changes might include wearing a pressure-point wristband (acupressure bands) or eating ginger chews and drinking ginger tea for nausea. Dietary changes: Small, frequent meals (every two hours) of bland, dry food can help with nausea and vomiting. Anti-nausea medication: Some over-the-counter (OTC) medications can help with nausea. […] If your vomiting is excessive and you become dehydrated, you might need to stay in the hospital. Some of the treatments for moderate to severe hyperemesis gravidarum include: Prescription medication: There are several prescription medications that can relieve nausea and vomiting.

• #5 Vomiting and morning sickness – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/common-symptoms/vomiting-and-morning-sickness/

  Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, often known as morning sickness, is very common in early pregnancy. […] Morning sickness is unpleasant, and can significantly affect your day-to-day life. But it usually clears up by weeks 16 to 20 of your pregnancy and does not put your baby at any increased risk. […] Unfortunately, there’s no hard and fast treatment that will work for everyones morning sickness. Every pregnancy will be different. […] But there are some changes you can make to your diet and daily life to try to ease the symptoms. […] If these do not work for you or you’re having more severe symptoms, your doctor or midwife might recommend medicine. […] If your morning sickness is not too bad, your GP or midwife will initially recommend you try some lifestyle changes: get plenty of rest (tiredness can make nausea worse), avoid foods or smells that make you feel sick, eat something like dry toast or a plain biscuit in the morning, eat small, frequent meals of plain foods that are high in carbohydrate and low in fat (such as bread, rice, crackers and pasta), eat cold foods rather than hot ones if the smell of hot meals makes you feel sick, drink plenty of fluids, such as water (sipping them little and often may help prevent vomiting), eat foods or drinks containing ginger there’s some evidence ginger may help reduce nausea and vomiting (check with your pharmacist before taking ginger supplements during pregnancy), try acupressure there’s some evidence that putting pressure on your wrist, using a special band or bracelet on your forearm or by pressing with your fingers, may help relieve the symptoms.

• #6 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Traditional first-line therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and for hyperemesis gravidarum includes dietary modifications such as avoidance of large meals and consumption of low-fat, low-fiber, bland foods. […] A variety of other nonpharmacologic therapies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy are listed in Table 2. […] Vitamin B6 (10 to 25 mg every eight hours) is more effective than placebo in improving symptoms of nausea, although the reduction in vomiting is less clear. Combination therapy with vitamin B6 and doxylamine (Unisom SleepTabs) reduces nausea and vomiting by 70%. […] Antiemetics. Chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine have been shown to reduce symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and of hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Antihistamines decrease stimulation of the vomiting center by affecting the vestibular system. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), meclizine (Antivert), and dimenhydrinate have been shown to be safe and more effective than placebo in reducing the symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

• #7 Pregnancy – morning sickness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pregnancy-morning-sickness

  Severe morning sickness is known as hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), and can affect around one in 1000 pregnant women. The symptoms of HG include repeated vomiting, weight loss and dehydration. Treatment usually involves hospitalisation, and the administering of intravenous liquids and nutrition. […] Always seek medical advice if your morning sickness is severe, if you have lost a lot of weight quickly, or if you feel depressed or anxious. Treatment options can include medication that wont harm your developing baby. […] Suggestions for coping with morning sickness include: Don’t take drugs of any kind, unless your doctor knows you are pregnant and has prescribed specific medications. Eat a few dry crackers or plain sweet biscuits before getting out of bed in the morning. Don’t eat anything that you suspect will make you nauseous. In general high-carbohydrate meals are well tolerated. Eat small meals regularly, as an empty stomach tends to trigger nausea. It may help to avoid cooking or preparing foods. Drink as much as you can manage. Sometimes sips of flat lemonade, diluted fruit juice, cordial, weak tea, ginger tea, clear soup or beef extract drinks are helpful. If none of these are bearable, try sucking on ice cubes. Vitamin B6 supplements can be useful, but doses above 200 mg per day can actually be harmful. Follow your doctors advice. Consider acupressure or acupuncture on the wrist. Wear loose clothes that dont constrict your abdomen. Moving around may aggravate morning sickness. Rest whenever possible.

• #8 Patient education: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics

  Between 50 and 90 percent of pregnant individuals have some degree of nausea, with or without vomiting, in the first half of pregnancy. This topic discusses ways to prevent and relieve nausea and vomiting, with and without medications. […] Treatment can range from dietary and lifestyle changes to use of one of more medications. You may need to try several forms of treatment or a combination of treatments over a period of weeks before finding what works best for you. […] Dietary changes — Nausea and vomiting can be made worse by eating too much, not eating enough, or avoiding food altogether. Here are some ways to alter your diet that may help your symptoms: Try eating before or as soon as you feel hungry to avoid an empty stomach. Eat snacks frequently; have multiple small meals (eg, six small meals a day) that are high in protein with carbohydrates and low in fat rather than a few large meals.

• #9 Morning sickness | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dealing-with-morning-sickness

  Morning sickness is a feeling of nausea or actual vomiting (being sick) during pregnancy. […] How is morning sickness treated? […] In some cases, a doctor may suggest things that you can do at home. […] To help with the feelings of morning sickness, think about: eating a plain cracker shortly after waking up, eat protein-rich foods (such as nuts or cheese), try not to skip meals, eating smaller meals more often include morning and afternoon snacks between main meals, do not eat spicy or fatty foods, try to drink 8 glasses of water a day, drinking water before and after a meal not with food. […] You may find that soda water (carbonated or fizzy water), ginger tea and peppermint tea help relieve your nausea. […] Other things that may help with morning sickness are: deep breathing or relaxation exercises, anti-nausea wristbands (can be bought at most chemists), acupuncture treatments (but only when given by a qualified practitioner trained in maternal care).

• #10 Morning sickness: Treatments, prevention, and when it starts

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179633

  Morning sickness is a common term for nausea and vomiting that occurs during pregnancy. It results from hormonal changes. Rest, drinking fluids, eating small meals, and avoiding triggers can help manage it, but some people may need medication. […] A person may not need medical treatment for their morning sickness self-care strategies can effectively alleviate the symptoms for some people. Below, we explore these strategies and the medicinal approaches that a doctor may recommend. […] During pregnancy, it can be beneficial to drink smaller amounts of fluids more regularly. This may help reduce vomiting. […] Having smaller meals more frequently may help manage morning sickness. And certain types of food, such as dry, savory foods, may be less likely to cause nausea and vomiting than spicy foods, for example.

• #11 Morning sickness: 10 foods that fight nausea during pregnancy – The Mother Baby Center

  https://www.themotherbabycenter.org/blog/2022/08/foods-that-fight-nausea-during-pregnancy/

  Experts have found that protein-rich foods can help with nausea during pregnancy. Proteins like chicken, peanut butter, and beans can calm the waves of nausea by increasing a hormone called gastrin, which aids digestion. […] Ginger has been extensively studied and commonly used in Chinese medicine for hundreds of years to treat nausea and vomiting, so its worth giving it a try when youre feeling queasy. […] Some pregnant women find mineral water and other carbonated beverages are good morning sickness remedies. The carbonation can help reduce the total acidity of the stomach, making nausea dissipate. […] Drinking enough fluids will help settle your stomach and rehydrate your body after throwing up. […] Not all teas are safe during pregnancy, so stick to herbal teas like chamomile, red raspberry, lemon, spearmint, peppermint, or peach.

• #12 Best Remedies for Morning Sickness From an OB/GYN – THAIS ALIABADI MD

  https://www.draliabadi.com/womens-health-blog/best-remedies-for-morning-sickness/

  There is no easy cure for those who experience morning sickness, but medication, home remedies, supplements, and lifestyle changes can all help. […] Lifestyle modifications are usually the safest and cheapest way for you to gain relief. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends the following: Eat five or six small meals a day rather than one to three large ones; Choose mild-smelling snacks, such as nuts or dried fruit; Eat bland foods and complex carbohydrates at room temperature for your main meals; Keep saltine crackers or white, dry toast by your bedside and eat a few pieces before getting out of bed; Try the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast); Get out of bed as slowly as you can; Avoid spicy, greasy, or strong-smelling foods (and, if possible, delegate cooking to someone else); Avoid taking your prenatal vitamins on an empty stomach; Don’t lie down for at least 30 minutes after meals; Take frequent rest stops on long car rides.

• #13 Morning Sickness: Treatment, Causes, and Prevention – Happiest Baby

  https://www.happiestbaby.com/blogs/pregnancy/morning-sickness

  Morning Sickness Treatment […] From the foods you eat (and avoid) to lifestyle tweaks and medications, there are several strategies you can take to help treat morning sickness symptoms. […] Natural Morning Sickness Remedies […] Avoid nausea triggers. Odors, flickering lights, riding in the backseatwhatever sparks your nausea, avoid it! […] Consider aromatherapy. Smelling fresh lemon, orange, and mint has shown to tamp down nausea. In fact, one study of 100 pregnant people found those who inhaled lemon essential oil had significantly less intense nausea and vomiting than those who whiffed a placebo. […] Rest up! Learn how to sleep better during pregnancy. […] Keep the air flowing. Make sure youre always in well-ventilated rooms. If you cant crack a window, turn on a fan or go outside to get some fresh air.

• #14 Morning sickness – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/morning-sickness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375260

  Ginger helps relieve morning sickness for some people. […] Although there’s little research on the topic, some people have found relief from morning sickness through hypnosis. […] Although there is also little research on this topic, certain scents, normally created using essential oils, can help some people deal with morning sickness.

• #15 Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990891/

  A number of nonpharmacological and pharmacotherapy approaches have been proposed, investigated and recommended for the treatment of NVP. We will address the safety and effectiveness of each treatment in this review. […] Acupressure is a complementary medicine technique closely related to acupuncture, consisting of certain pressure points in the body, where pressure is applied by finger, hand, elbow, or stimulated by electric devices. […] Ginger is a safe, effective, and inexpensive solution for treating NVP and should be considered as a first-line option for management of NVP symptoms, or as adjuvant with other forms of therapy. […] The delayed release formulation of doxylamine and pyridoxine combination, known as Bendectin in the United States and Debendox in the United Kingdom, was available and widely prescribed to pregnant women with NVP from 1958-1983.

• #16 Morning sickness: Treatments, prevention, and when it starts

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179633

  Understanding and avoiding known triggers can help a person reduce the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting. […] If morning sickness symptoms are still severe despite these home care techniques, a doctor may recommend a short course of an antinausea medication, also called an antiemetic, that is safe to use during pregnancy. […] Some studies suggest that ginger supplements help reduce nausea symptoms during pregnancy, with little risk of negative outcomes. However, clinical evidence to support the use of this remedy is lacking. […] The over-the-counter version of this combination of medications is called Unisom SleepTabs. It may help treat morning sickness during the first trimester. Trials have found the combination to be effective at reducing nausea and vomiting in up to 70% of participants.

• #17 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects nearly 75% of pregnant women. Initial treatment is conservative and includes dietary changes, emotional support, and vitamin B6 supplementation. Several safe and effective pharmacologic therapies are available for women who do not improve with initial treatment. Women with hyperemesis gravidarum may require more aggressive interventions, including hospitalization, rehydration therapy, and parenteral nutrition. […] Vitamin B6 should be prescribed as first-line treatment for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Physicians should consider prescribing doxylamine (Unisom SleepTabs) in addition to vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy because the combination reduces symptoms by 70%. […] Treatment should be directed toward reducing symptoms while posing the least amount of risk to the fetus and mother. Various modalities have been used, some without evidence of benefit.

• #18 Morning sickness: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000604.htm

  The term „morning sickness” is used to describe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. […] Morning sickness that is not severe does not hurt your baby in any way. In fact: […] When nausea and vomiting are severe, a condition known as hyperemesis gravidarum may be diagnosed and may require treatment. […] Try changing how you take your prenatal vitamins. […] Vitamin B6 (100 mg or less daily) has been shown to ease symptoms of morning sickness. Many providers recommend trying it first before trying other medicines. […] Diclegis, a combination of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating morning sickness. […] Do not take any medicines for morning sickness without talking with your provider first. Your provider may not advise medicines to prevent nausea unless your vomiting is severe and will not stop. […] In severe cases, you may be admitted to the hospital, where you will receive fluids through an IV (into your vein). Your provider might prescribe other medicines if your morning sickness is severe.

• #19 11 Morning Sickness and Pregnancy Nausea Remedies

  https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/my-body/morning-sickness/morning-sickness-remedies-that-really-work/

  Every pregnant person is different, but these easy, expert-approved remedies for morning sickness and pregnancy nausea might just bring relief. […] There are morning sickness remedies out there. „People do get relief, either by using natural remedies or traditional medications,” says Marra Francis, MD, a Texas-based OB-GYN and contributing author to the Mommy MD Guides. […] So if you’re looking for morning sickness treatment, here are a few things to try. […] If changing your diet isn’t helping, maybe it’s time to get physical. Try adopting one of these natural pregnancy nausea remedies. […] Consuming extra vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has been shown to reduce morning sickness symptoms in some pregnant people. „Try 25 milligrams of vitamin B6 three times a day, in addition to your prenatal vitamins,” says Dr. Hakakha.

• #20 Morning Sickness Remedies | Tips and Strategies for Relief

  https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-health-wellness/morning-sickness-remedies/

  Preggie Pops: lollipops in flavors known to reduce nausea. (Available flavors include ginger, mint, lavender, sour raspberry, sour lemon, and sour tangerine). […] Sea-Bands: wristbands that use acupressure pulse points to fight nausea. […] Relief Band Device: a device that can be worn continuously for relief of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy. […] Vitamin B6: Taking Vitamin B6 (50 mg) daily has been shown to help with pregnancy-induced nausea. Talk with your health care provider about any supplements and treatments for morning sickness.

• #21 Natural treatments for morning sickness | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/complementary-and-alternative-medicine/natural-treatments-morning-sickness

  Morning sickness, characterized by nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, affects many women, particularly in the first trimester. Given the vulnerability of the fetus during this time, there is a growing interest in natural treatments that can alleviate symptoms without posing risks associated with medication. Prominent natural options include vitamin B6 and ginger, both of which have shown effectiveness in some studies. Acupressure, particularly at the P6 point on the forearm, also presents a promising method for symptom relief, often facilitated by specialized wristbands. […] Two natural therapies, vitamin B6 and ginger, have some evidence supporting their use in treating nausea in pregnancy. In addition, acupressure may be helpful. […] Vitamin B6. Conventional practitioners have recommended vitamin B6 supplements for many years to treat morning sickness.

• #22 Best Remedies for Morning Sickness From an OB/GYN – THAIS ALIABADI MD

  https://www.draliabadi.com/womens-health-blog/best-remedies-for-morning-sickness/

  Many herbal and alternative therapies have anti-nausea effects that can help your upset stomach, but they don’t work for everyone. […] Talk to a doctor about the following morning sickness remedies: Ginger candies and lollipops, usually sold for motion sickness, can also ease nausea; Drink ginger tea or real ginger ale (not the soda!) after meals; Use an aromatherapy diffuser with peppermint or lime essential oils; Some studies show that acupuncture may relieve morning sickness, but if you don’t like needles, you could try acupressure wristbands, such as SeaBand. […] Some non-prescription medications that can diminish pregnancy nausea have been proven safe for pregnant women. Unisom (doxylamine) and vitamin B6 supplements (pyridoxine) are approved for morning sickness relief, either alone or in combination. Doxylamine is an antihistamine that is often used as a sleep aid, but it also prevents nausea. Although we’re not sure why vitamin B6 helps, it’s likely because many pregnant people experience a B6 deficiency.

• #23 Morning sickness: 10 foods that fight nausea during pregnancy – The Mother Baby Center

  https://www.themotherbabycenter.org/blog/2022/08/foods-that-fight-nausea-during-pregnancy/

  Experts have found that protein-rich foods can help with nausea during pregnancy. Proteins like chicken, peanut butter, and beans can calm the waves of nausea by increasing a hormone called gastrin, which aids digestion. […] Ginger has been extensively studied and commonly used in Chinese medicine for hundreds of years to treat nausea and vomiting, so its worth giving it a try when youre feeling queasy. […] Some pregnant women find mineral water and other carbonated beverages are good morning sickness remedies. The carbonation can help reduce the total acidity of the stomach, making nausea dissipate. […] Drinking enough fluids will help settle your stomach and rehydrate your body after throwing up. […] Not all teas are safe during pregnancy, so stick to herbal teas like chamomile, red raspberry, lemon, spearmint, peppermint, or peach.

• #24 ​What are Safe Treatments for Morning Sickness? | Poison Control

  https://www.poison.org/articles/what-are-safe-treatments-for-morning-sickness

  Morning sickness is common during pregnancy and can lead to severe complications for some women. Fortunately, there are multiple treatment options available, including both prescription and non-prescription medications. […] Non-drug treatments for morning sickness include eating small amounts of food several times a day instead of consuming larger meals, as well as eating foods with a high protein content. Acupressure wrist bands may also provide some relief. […] Ginger is an herbal product commonly used in pregnancy to treat nausea and vomiting. […] The use of ginger as a treatment for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting has been studied for decades. Multiple studies have demonstrated its safety and effectiveness. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends ginger as a first-line non-drug option, at a dosage of 250 mg 4 times a day.

• #25 Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy

  If diet and lifestyle changes dont help, or if you have severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, you might need medical treatment. […] Vitamin B6 is a safe, over-the-counter treatment that may be tried first for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. […] Doxylamine, a medication found in over-the-counter sleep aids, can be added if vitamin B6 alone does not relieve symptoms. […] A prescription drug that combines vitamin B6 and doxylamine is available. Both drugs, taken alone or together, have been found to be safe to take during pregnancy and have no harmful effects on the fetus. […] Antiemetic drugs, which prevent vomiting, may be prescribed for women who arent helped by other medications. […] Many antiemetic drugs have been shown to be safe to use during pregnancy. […] If your nausea and vomiting are severe or if you have hyperemesis gravidarum, you might need to stay in the hospital until your symptoms are under control. […] If you continue to lose weight, a feeding tube may be recommended to ensure that you and your fetus are getting enough nutrients.

• #26 Treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2231543/

  My patient has severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). I am having difficulty treating her, as nothing she has tried so far has been really effective. […] There are safe and effective treatments available. […] The drug of choice for treatment in Canada remains Diclectin, the delayed-release combination of doxylamine and vitamin B6. […] Other pharmacologic treatments with relatively good safety profiles and varying degrees of effectiveness include antihistamines, ondansetron, phenothiazines, metoclopramide, and corticosteroids. […] Acupressure and acupuncture at acupoint P6 have been used with varying degrees of effectiveness. […] Because NVP affects a large number of pregnant women, some with serious consequences, it cannot be ignored, especially when there are safe and effective treatments available.

• #27 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Traditional first-line therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and for hyperemesis gravidarum includes dietary modifications such as avoidance of large meals and consumption of low-fat, low-fiber, bland foods. […] A variety of other nonpharmacologic therapies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy are listed in Table 2. […] Vitamin B6 (10 to 25 mg every eight hours) is more effective than placebo in improving symptoms of nausea, although the reduction in vomiting is less clear. Combination therapy with vitamin B6 and doxylamine (Unisom SleepTabs) reduces nausea and vomiting by 70%. […] Antiemetics. Chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine have been shown to reduce symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and of hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Antihistamines decrease stimulation of the vomiting center by affecting the vestibular system. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), meclizine (Antivert), and dimenhydrinate have been shown to be safe and more effective than placebo in reducing the symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

• #28 Treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy – Australian Prescriber

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/treatment-of-nausea-and-vomiting-in-pregnancy.html

  Pyridoxine (vitamin B6, uncategorised) is considered first-line therapy and can be taken in conjunction with other antiemetics. […] A sustained-release tablet combining doxylamine 10 mg and pyridoxine 10 mg has been available for many years in Canada for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. […] Prochlorperazine is a pregnancy category C drug. […] Metoclopramide is classified as pregnancy category A and is the most commonly prescribed antiemetic in pregnancy. […] Although ondansetron has limited safety data in pregnancy, it is often prescribed for women with hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Mirtazapine, an antidepressant which blocks 5-HT3 receptors, may be an alternative when other antiemetics fail to treat hyperemesis. […] Corticosteroid use should be limited to women with intractable nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

• #29 Patient education: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics

  Complementary treatments — The following treatments may be useful when used with other treatments. Acupuncture and acupressure – Acupressure wristbands and acupuncture have become a popular treatment for nausea and vomiting caused by pregnancy, motion sickness, and other causes. […] Ginger – Consuming ginger containing foods (eg, ginger lollipops, ginger ale) can be helpful managing mild nausea and vomiting. […] Medications — Medications that reduce nausea and vomiting are effective in many individuals. Some individuals will need more than one medication to have effective symptom relief. […] Vitamin B6 and doxylamine – Over-the-counter vitamin B6 supplements can reduce symptoms of mild to moderate nausea but do not usually help with vomiting. Doxylamine is a medication that can reduce vomiting and may be combined with vitamin B6.

• #30 Hyperemesis Gravidarum Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254751-treatment

  More controversy surrounds the benefit of hypnosis, but it has been studied in some cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and has been shown to be beneficial. […] Psychological counseling may be considered. […] Outpatient or home intravenous (IV) hydration should be considered. If medications and outpatient hydration fail or if severe electrolyte disturbances persist, inpatient admission for IV hydration may be necessary. […] If pharmacologic therapy is necessary, treatment may be initiated by giving vitamin B-6 10-25 mg 3-4 times daily; doxylamine 12.5 mg 3-4 times daily can be used in addition. Ginger capsules 250 mg 4 times daily can be added at this point if the patient is still vomiting; this has been shown to be effective in randomized trials. […] A study by Liu et al found that the use of probiotic supplements during pregnancy reduced the number of episodes of vomiting by 33% and the duration of nausea by 16%.

• #31 Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990891/

  Diclectin should be used as first-line therapy for the treatment of NVP symptoms in women, as studies have shown a 70% decrease in nausea and vomiting with its use. […] Treatment with pharmacotherapy should follow the stepwise guide in Figure 1; the treatments outlined are listed in alphabetical order and it is the physicians decision to decide which order is most appropriate according to their patients condition. […] Health care providers should recognize NPV as a medical condition with significant potential to compromise womens wellbeing, even when symptoms are moderate, and should not hesitate to treat aggressively.

• #32

  http://www.bcwomens.ca/health-info/pregnancy-parenting/what-to-expect-in-pregnancy/coping-with-nausea-and-vomiting

  Diclectin is a prescription medication that is a combination of doxylamine (an antihistamine) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Health Canada has approved it as a safe (for you and your baby) and effective medication to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Additional medications can be prescribed if Diclectin does not help your nausea and vomiting. Talk to your maternity care provider before taking any medications, over-the-counter treatment or herbal remedies.

• #33 Pregnancy sickness (nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum) | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pregnancy-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum/

  An oral medication that is a slow-release combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) called Xonvea is the only licensed treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy in the UK. […] Cyclizine can be taken by mouth or by an injection. Prochlorperazine, chlorpromazine and promethazine can also be tried if cyclizine has not worked. […] Metoclopramide, domperidone and ondansetron are other medications that may be prescribed for nausea and vomiting and can be taken by mouth or by an injection. These are also considered safe to use in pregnancy. […] Corticosteroids are successful in helping nausea and vomiting in many women where all other measures have not helped. Most women will be able to stop corticosteroids by 18-20 weeks but a few women will need to continue them at a low dose for the rest of the pregnancy. […] If hyperemesis gravidarum is not treated, it may cause more harm to the baby than any possible effects of a medicine recommended by your doctor.

• #34 Treatments | Pregnancy Sickness Support

  https://pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk/get-help/treatments/

  If a medication fails to work within 48 hours, consulting a GP for additional or alternative options is recommended. […] All first line medications listed in the guidelines for medications to treat NVP and HG are antihistamines. […] Xonvea is the brand name of a prescription medicine that has recently been licensed in the UK to treat symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). […] By using either cyclizine or promethazine in combination with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) it is very similar to the medication Xonvea which is licensed in the UK. […] Prochlorperazine can help stop you feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting). […] Metoclopramide is an anti-sickness medicine (known as an antiemetic). It’s used to help stop you from feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) including pregnancy sickness and HG.

• #35 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Traditional first-line therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and for hyperemesis gravidarum includes dietary modifications such as avoidance of large meals and consumption of low-fat, low-fiber, bland foods. […] A variety of other nonpharmacologic therapies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy are listed in Table 2. […] Vitamin B6 (10 to 25 mg every eight hours) is more effective than placebo in improving symptoms of nausea, although the reduction in vomiting is less clear. Combination therapy with vitamin B6 and doxylamine (Unisom SleepTabs) reduces nausea and vomiting by 70%. […] Antiemetics. Chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine have been shown to reduce symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and of hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Antihistamines decrease stimulation of the vomiting center by affecting the vestibular system. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), meclizine (Antivert), and dimenhydrinate have been shown to be safe and more effective than placebo in reducing the symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

• #36 Nausea & vomiting

  https://www.medicinesinpregnancy.org/leaflets-a-z/nausea–vomiting/

  There are a number of medicines that can be used safely so that pregnant women with nausea and vomiting can feel well enough to carry out their day-to-day activities. […] If your symptoms are stopping you from living your normal life, ask your doctor for advice as you might need an anti-sickness medicine. […] Your doctor will usually offer you an antihistamine to try first. Antihistamines that can help with sickness include cyclizine, prochlorperazine (Stemetil), chlorpromazine, and promethazine (Phenergan, Sominex). A drug called Xonvea is also available, which combines an antihistamine (doxylamine) with vitamin B6. […] Using an anti-sickness medicine in pregnancy can improve your symptoms to allow you to carry on with your normal daily activities. […] Overall, these medicines are considered safe for your baby.

• #37

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2011/november/pregnancy.aspx

  Nausea and vomiting are very common symptoms of early pregnancy and usually resolve by 1620 weeks gestation (most commonly by 12 weeks). […] Women with more severe symptoms may require pharmacological treatment and, in some cases, referral to hospital for intravenous fluids and antiemetics. […] Pharmacologic treatment may be appropriate for women continuing to experience intolerable nausea and vomiting. […] In these cases, medications may be trialled. […] Antiemetics used in pregnancy include; metoclopramide, prochlorperazine cyclizine, promethazine and ondansetron. […] Metoclopramide is one of the most commonly prescribed medicines for nausea and vomiting. […] It has been found to be more effective than placebo in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum and has not been associated with any significant increase in risk of major congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

• #38 Pregnancy sickness (nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum) | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pregnancy-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum/

  An oral medication that is a slow-release combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) called Xonvea is the only licensed treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy in the UK. […] Cyclizine can be taken by mouth or by an injection. Prochlorperazine, chlorpromazine and promethazine can also be tried if cyclizine has not worked. […] Metoclopramide, domperidone and ondansetron are other medications that may be prescribed for nausea and vomiting and can be taken by mouth or by an injection. These are also considered safe to use in pregnancy. […] Corticosteroids are successful in helping nausea and vomiting in many women where all other measures have not helped. Most women will be able to stop corticosteroids by 18-20 weeks but a few women will need to continue them at a low dose for the rest of the pregnancy. […] If hyperemesis gravidarum is not treated, it may cause more harm to the baby than any possible effects of a medicine recommended by your doctor.

• #39 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Metoclopramide (Reglan) is often used alone and in combination with other agents, such as vitamin B6, for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. […] A study involving 40 women found that methylprednisolone is superior to promethazine in reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Fluid replacement is safe and effective in restoring volume and electrolytes in women who have hyperemesis gravidarum and are unable to tolerate oral intake. […] Patients who have refractory nausea and vomiting may require hospitalization. In these patients, enteral tube feeding in addition to routine intravenous fluids may be helpful. If patients do not respond to this therapy, parenteral nutrition may be necessary. […] Recent data indicate that pregnant women who have acid reflux have more severe nausea and vomiting. Histamine H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are safe and effective for use in pregnant women, and may improve nausea and vomiting. […] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is a common and sometimes challenging problem, and hyperemesis gravidarum may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. A variety of safe and effective therapeutic options are available, and a multimodal approach to treatment is helpful.

• #40 Patient education: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics

  Antihistamines – Antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), can sometimes help relieve pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting. […] Anti-nausea medications that are available by prescription include: Promethazine (Phenergan) – Promethazine is available in pill, oral solution, injectable, or rectal suppository form. […] Metoclopramide (Reglan) – Metoclopramide speeds emptying of the stomach and may help to reduce nausea and vomiting. […] Ondansetron (Zofran) – Ondansetron is an anti-nausea medication that is usually taken by mouth or injection every 8 to 12 hours. […] Corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, methylprednisone) – A short course of steroid intravenously followed by a taper of pills may be offered to individuals who do not respond to a combination of the medications listed above.

• #41 Treatments | Pregnancy Sickness Support

  https://pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk/get-help/treatments/

  If a medication fails to work within 48 hours, consulting a GP for additional or alternative options is recommended. […] All first line medications listed in the guidelines for medications to treat NVP and HG are antihistamines. […] Xonvea is the brand name of a prescription medicine that has recently been licensed in the UK to treat symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). […] By using either cyclizine or promethazine in combination with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) it is very similar to the medication Xonvea which is licensed in the UK. […] Prochlorperazine can help stop you feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting). […] Metoclopramide is an anti-sickness medicine (known as an antiemetic). It’s used to help stop you from feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) including pregnancy sickness and HG.

• #42 Hyperemesis Gravidarum Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254751-treatment

  Metoclopramide 5-10 mg orally every 8 hours may be used next. Promethazine 12.5 mg orally or rectally q4h or dimenhydrinate 50-100 mg orally q4-6h may be added as well. Ondansetron 4-8 mg orally or IV q8h can be used for further refractory cases. Methylprednisolone 16 mg orally or IV q8h for 3 days, tapered to the lowest effective dose, can be used if persistent vomiting occurs despite the above therapy. […] The only FDA-approved drug for treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is doxylamine-pyridoxine (Diclegis). […] Approval of the new formulation of doxylamine-pyridoxine was based on a study of pregnant women between 7 and 14 weeks’ gestation who were suffering from nausea and vomiting. Compared with placebo, doxylamine-pyridoxine significantly improved both the Pregnancy-Unique Quantication of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) scores and quality of life of the trial participants.

• #43 Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy | Christchurch Medicines Information Service

  https://www.medicinesinformation.co.nz/bulletins/treatment-of-nausea-and-vomiting-in-pregnancy/

  First-line pharmacological options include pyridoxine (vitamin B6) 25 mg three times daily (oral), cyclizine 50 mg up to three times daily (oral, IM or IV), metoclopramide 10 mg up to three times daily (oral, IM or IV), prochlorperazine 5-10 mg up to three times daily (oral); 3-6 mg up to twice daily (buccal); 12.5 mg up to four times daily (IM), and promethazine 25 mg up to four times daily (oral or IV). […] If a combination of first-line options have failed, ondansetron 4-8 mg up to twice daily (oral, IM or IV) may be reasonable.

• #44 Treatments | Pregnancy Sickness Support

  https://pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk/get-help/treatments/

  Ondansetron (also known as Zofran) is a medication that was originally used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy for cancer patients. It is now widely used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. […] Domperidone, primarily used to prevent nausea and vomiting, accelerates food movement from the stomach to the intestine and prevents reflux. […] Steroids are often successful for treating HG in many people where all other measures have failed. […] Intravenous (IV, meaning directly into the vein) fluids are given to correct dehydration, and medication can be given through the IV port when oral medication is unable to be kept down. […] IV fluid remains an effective treatment for dehydration. […] Over 50% of people diagnosed with HG have considered a termination.

• #45 Morning sickness: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000604.htm

  The term „morning sickness” is used to describe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. […] Morning sickness that is not severe does not hurt your baby in any way. In fact: […] When nausea and vomiting are severe, a condition known as hyperemesis gravidarum may be diagnosed and may require treatment. […] Try changing how you take your prenatal vitamins. […] Vitamin B6 (100 mg or less daily) has been shown to ease symptoms of morning sickness. Many providers recommend trying it first before trying other medicines. […] Diclegis, a combination of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating morning sickness. […] Do not take any medicines for morning sickness without talking with your provider first. Your provider may not advise medicines to prevent nausea unless your vomiting is severe and will not stop. […] In severe cases, you may be admitted to the hospital, where you will receive fluids through an IV (into your vein). Your provider might prescribe other medicines if your morning sickness is severe.

• #46 Nausea & vomiting

  https://www.medicinesinpregnancy.org/leaflets-a-z/nausea–vomiting/

  However, if pregnancy sickness is stopping you from eating and drinking normally, you are vomiting up medicines that you need to take, and/or you cannot carry out your normal activities, it is important to get the correct anti-sickness treatment. […] Using a medicine to treat pregnancy sickness can improve your quality of life and help to prevent complications caused by not being able to eat and drink properly and/or continual vomiting.

• #47 Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12232-hyperemesis-gravidarum

  Hyperemesis gravidarum is the medical term for severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Fortunately there are treatments available, including medicines to prevent nausea. […] Treatment depends on the severity of your symptoms. Be sure to discuss all your treatment options with your pregnancy care provider. […] For very mild cases, possible treatments could include: Lifestyle changes: These changes might include wearing a pressure-point wristband (acupressure bands) or eating ginger chews and drinking ginger tea for nausea. Dietary changes: Small, frequent meals (every two hours) of bland, dry food can help with nausea and vomiting. Anti-nausea medication: Some over-the-counter (OTC) medications can help with nausea. […] If your vomiting is excessive and you become dehydrated, you might need to stay in the hospital. Some of the treatments for moderate to severe hyperemesis gravidarum include: Prescription medication: There are several prescription medications that can relieve nausea and vomiting.

• #48 Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12232-hyperemesis-gravidarum

  Intravenous fluids: Your provider will deliver fluids and nutrients to you using an IV in your arm. […] Tube feeding: Youll get nutrients from a flexible tube that your provider places in your nose or stomach. […] Total parenteral intravenous nutrition (TPN): The most severe cases of hyperemesis gravidarum might require that nutrients be given through an IV that bypasses your digestive system completely. […] The best thing you can do for hyperemesis gravidarum is to get treatment from your provider. Only your provider can treat the severe symptoms of HG like dehydration.

• #49 Severe vomiting in pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/severe-vomiting/

  There are medicines that can be used in pregnancy, including the first 12 weeks, to help improve the symptoms of HG. These include anti-sickness (anti-emetic) drugs, steroids, or a combination of these. […] If your nausea and vomiting cannot be controlled, you may need to be admitted to hospital. This is so doctors can assess your condition and give you the right treatment to protect the health of you and your baby. […] Treatment can include intravenous fluids, which are given directly into a vein through a drip. If you have severe vomiting, the anti-sickness drugs may also need to be given into a vein or a muscle. […] The charity Pregnancy Sickness Support has information and tips on coping with nausea and vomiting, including HG.

• #50 Treatments – HER Foundation

  https://www.hyperemesis.org/about-hyperemesis-gravidarum/treatment/

  Mobilization must be gradual as physical movement exacerbates the underlying nausea. A physical therapy consult may be helpful periodically with an at-home exercise regimen as tolerated, most likely beginning in the 2nd trimester. […] Insurance coverage often includes home IV care or scheduled outpatient infusion visits which allows the mother to avoid frequent dehydration-rehydration cycles. […] Any mother producing ketones or exhibiting signs of dehydration should receive methodical IV fluids with IV vitamins and electrolytes.

• #51 Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy—hyperemesis gravidarum — Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/womens-services/nausea-and-vomiting-in-pregnancy-hyperemesis-gravidarum

  If you are unable to tolerate fluids, you will require fluid replacement through a vein in your arm given over a short period of time. In addition, you will be offered anti-sickness medication, called anti-emetics. These can be given by mouth, by injection (again through a vein or rarely into a muscle) or as a suppository. […] Every pregnancy is different and not all medications will work for every woman. There are a variety of anti-emetics that you might be offered, either alone or as a combination. Not all of them are licensed for use in pregnancy but there is no evidence that they cause harm to your baby. […] Recent evidence from clinical trials has shown that women who receive treatment for NVP and HG as an out-patient (i.e. do not stay in hospital) recover as quickly as women who stay overnight in hospital. This is known as ambulatory treatment and will be provided in Ambulatory Emergency Care (AEC) Unit.

• #52 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2018/01/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is a common condition that affects the health of a pregnant woman and her fetus. […] Treatment in the early stages may prevent more serious complications, including hospitalization. […] Safe and effective treatments are available for more severe cases, and mild cases of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy may be resolved with lifestyle and dietary changes. […] Some antiemetic medications have only been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in nonpregnant patients; however, off-label use is common. […] Obstetricians and other obstetric care providers should counsel patients and document such discussions accordingly. […] Thiamine, intravenously, 100 mg with the initial rehydration fluid and 100 mg daily for the next 23 days (followed by intravenous multivitamins), is recommended for women who require intravenous hydration and have vomited for more than 3 weeks to prevent a rare but serious maternal complication, Wernicke encephalopathy.

• #53 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Metoclopramide (Reglan) is often used alone and in combination with other agents, such as vitamin B6, for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. […] A study involving 40 women found that methylprednisolone is superior to promethazine in reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Fluid replacement is safe and effective in restoring volume and electrolytes in women who have hyperemesis gravidarum and are unable to tolerate oral intake. […] Patients who have refractory nausea and vomiting may require hospitalization. In these patients, enteral tube feeding in addition to routine intravenous fluids may be helpful. If patients do not respond to this therapy, parenteral nutrition may be necessary. […] Recent data indicate that pregnant women who have acid reflux have more severe nausea and vomiting. Histamine H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are safe and effective for use in pregnant women, and may improve nausea and vomiting. […] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is a common and sometimes challenging problem, and hyperemesis gravidarum may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. A variety of safe and effective therapeutic options are available, and a multimodal approach to treatment is helpful.

• #54 Treatments | Pregnancy Sickness Support

  https://pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk/get-help/treatments/

  If a medication fails to work within 48 hours, consulting a GP for additional or alternative options is recommended. […] All first line medications listed in the guidelines for medications to treat NVP and HG are antihistamines. […] Xonvea is the brand name of a prescription medicine that has recently been licensed in the UK to treat symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). […] By using either cyclizine or promethazine in combination with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) it is very similar to the medication Xonvea which is licensed in the UK. […] Prochlorperazine can help stop you feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting). […] Metoclopramide is an anti-sickness medicine (known as an antiemetic). It’s used to help stop you from feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) including pregnancy sickness and HG.

• #55 Information and Advice on Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy :: East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

  https://elht.nhs.uk/services/maternity-and-newborn-services/information-and-advice-nausea-and-vomiting-pregnancy

  These drugs are also prescription only medications and will only be introduced if the first line treatment medication is not helping with your symptoms. […] If your nausea and vomiting is so severe that the first and second-line treatments have not suppressed symptoms to an adequate level then we may prescribe you Ondansetron (known also as Zofran) at the EPAU. […] If you are not able to tolerate any medication and your symptoms are still persisting this is usually HG and this could be the reason that Steroids may be suggested as treatment. […] If you are finding it difficult to keep food and fluid down and are persistently vomiting after eating or drinking you should seek advice. […] Whenever possible we will try to manage your symptoms as an outpatient to minimise disruption to your family life, and avoiding hospital admission.

• #56 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0701/p121.html

  Pregnant women who, despite the previously discussed treatments, are unable to keep down liquids will probably require intravenous fluids. […] Enteral tube feeding and TPN are last-resort treatments for pregnant women who continue to vomit and lose weight despite aggressive treatment with any or all of the previously discussed modalities.

• #57 Hyperemesis Gravidarum Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254751-treatment

  Doxylamine-pyridoxines approval did not include hyperemesis gravidarum, but a study by Koren and Maltepe showed that the drug may work best when administered before the onset of symptoms. […] If hypokalemia is severe or symptomatic, potassium should be replaced parenterally. […] If persistent dehydration, electrolyte loss, and/or weight loss occur despite above therapy, nutrition supplementation by either the parenteral or enteral route is indicated. The standard method has been via total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, documented risks of bacteremia, sepsis, and thrombosis have been associated with the PICC lines required for TPN supplementation. Nasogastric tube placement and subsequent enteral feeding has been shown in small series and reports to be a valid alternative, with less complication risks, similar efficacy, and similar outcomes in regard to neonatal outcome when compared with TPN.

• #58 Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: Treatment and outcome – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-treatment-and-outcome

  Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: Treatment and outcome […] Treatment approaches commonly include conservative measures (dietary and lifestyle modifications) and/or medication(s). Patients who fail to respond to outpatient medical management may require hospitalization for parenteral fluids and medications. Early intervention and treatment of these patients may prevent progression to hyperemesis gravidarum, which, although rare, may require enteral or parenteral nutrition, a trial of psychiatric medications if the patient has psychiatric comorbidities, or corticosteroids or gabapentin in refractory cases. […] The goals of treatment are to:

• #59 Treatments – HER Foundation

  https://www.hyperemesis.org/about-hyperemesis-gravidarum/treatment/

  Hyperemesis is a physiological disease, although some persistent myths of a psychological etiology exist which detrimentally delay care for patients. Early, aggressive intervention often results in fewer complications and reduces overall medical costs. As each patient is different, it is most critical that therapies target symptoms and adjust to the response. […] Serotonin antagonist medications, bed rest, IV fluids, and nutritional therapy are the most effective therapies for HG. […] Proactive intervention with a consistent treatment plan can decrease both severity and duration of symptoms, not to mention reduce complications. The challenge is finding the treatment that works for each woman. […] Antiemetic (anti-vomiting) medications are the most common and typically most effective treatments for HG. The risks are often outweighed by the benefits in most cases as the risks of nutritional deficiencies and chronic dehydration can be life-threatening.

• #60 Treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy – Australian Prescriber

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/treatment-of-nausea-and-vomiting-in-pregnancy.html

  Most pregnant women will experience some degree of nausea or vomiting during pregnancy. […] Clinical guidelines for therapy are available, and early treatment has been shown to reduce the severity of symptoms. […] Research has shown that pre-emptive treatment early in pregnancy reduces the severity of symptoms and can have a profound effect on a pregnant woman’s health and quality of life. […] When symptoms persist despite lifestyle, dietary and non-pharmacological interventions, drug treatment is indicated. […] An evidence-based treatment algorithm developed by the Motherisk teratology information service in Canada has been adapted for use in Australia. […] Pregnant women can be reassured that there is extensive experience with the drugs included in the guidelines, and that none of them has been shown to increase the risk of adverse outcomes in pregnancy.

• #61 Treatments | Pregnancy Sickness Support

  https://pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk/get-help/treatments/

  Mild and moderate HG can be managed so that no in-patient treatment is required if treated soon enough. […] Your treatment plan should be based on your presenting symptoms and the amount of food and fluid you have been able to keep down. […] The NICE guidelines update (August 2021) highlights the importance of informed shared decision making, stating that pregnant people should be listened to, and healthcare professionals should be responsive to their needs and preferences. […] Medication is not a one size fits all option, and it is important to remember there is no cure for HG, yet! For most people, treating the symptoms can go a long way in easing the worst of HG. Often a combination of treatment is needed to get the most relief. […] When treating pregnancy sickness, it’s best to start with medication on the first rung of the ladder and escalate when necessary. Early initiation of first-line treatments can be quite effective, potentially negating the need for stronger medications.

• #62 Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990891/

  Diclectin should be used as first-line therapy for the treatment of NVP symptoms in women, as studies have shown a 70% decrease in nausea and vomiting with its use. […] Treatment with pharmacotherapy should follow the stepwise guide in Figure 1; the treatments outlined are listed in alphabetical order and it is the physicians decision to decide which order is most appropriate according to their patients condition. […] Health care providers should recognize NPV as a medical condition with significant potential to compromise womens wellbeing, even when symptoms are moderate, and should not hesitate to treat aggressively.

• #63 Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p965.html

  Metoclopramide (Reglan) is often used alone and in combination with other agents, such as vitamin B6, for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. […] A study involving 40 women found that methylprednisolone is superior to promethazine in reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Fluid replacement is safe and effective in restoring volume and electrolytes in women who have hyperemesis gravidarum and are unable to tolerate oral intake. […] Patients who have refractory nausea and vomiting may require hospitalization. In these patients, enteral tube feeding in addition to routine intravenous fluids may be helpful. If patients do not respond to this therapy, parenteral nutrition may be necessary. […] Recent data indicate that pregnant women who have acid reflux have more severe nausea and vomiting. Histamine H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are safe and effective for use in pregnant women, and may improve nausea and vomiting. […] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is a common and sometimes challenging problem, and hyperemesis gravidarum may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. A variety of safe and effective therapeutic options are available, and a multimodal approach to treatment is helpful.

• #64 Hyperemesis: Symptoms and Treatment | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/lifespan-living/hyperemesis-symptoms-and-treatment

  Most people are familiar with the idea of morning sickness, which can affect people in the early stages of pregnancy. […] We treat hyperemesis with medications to manage nausea, often requiring more than one anti-nausea medication. For people who are not able to take in enough fluids by mouth, we will use IV fluids for hydration. Very rarely do we need to give nutrition through an IV. IV nutrition would happen only in quite severe cases in a hospital setting but is an option for management if needed. […] Commonly associated issues include acid reflux and constipation. We use medications to manage those issues as well, which can improve the nausea.

• #65 Morning sickness (pregnancy sickness) | Tommy’sCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/im-pregnant/early-pregnancy/morning-sickness

  You might find it helpful to talk to your partner, family or friends about how you are feeling. You could also find support from other people who have been through it. Speak to your doctor or midwife if you are struggling with your mental health during your pregnancy. Some anti-sickness medication suitable in pregnancy cannot be taken with some types of anti-depressants. Ask your doctor to explain more about your options if you take anti-depressants and need anti-sickness medication too.

• #66 Hyperemesis Gravidarum Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254751-treatment

  Patients with hyperemesis gravidarum should be under the care of an obstetrician who is familiar with this disorder. […] Consultation with a psychiatrist or psychologist may be warranted because psychological assessment may be needed. In some cases, even supportive or focal psychotherapy or psychiatric medications may be indicated. Behavioral therapy may be beneficial early in the course of hyperemesis gravidarum. […] Initial suggestions for dietary modification in patients with nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy include the following: Eat when hungry, regardless of normal meal times. Eat frequent small meals. Avoid fatty and spicy foods and emetogenic foods or smells. Increase intake of bland or dry foods. Eliminate pills with iron. High protein snacks are helpful. Crackers in the morning may be helpful. Increase intake of carbonated beverages. Other suggested foods include herbal teas containing peppermint or ginger, other ginger-containing beverages, broth, crackers, unbuttered toast, gelatin, or frozen desserts. Preconception use of prenatal vitamins may decrease nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy.

• #67 Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990891/

  Diclectin should be used as first-line therapy for the treatment of NVP symptoms in women, as studies have shown a 70% decrease in nausea and vomiting with its use. […] Treatment with pharmacotherapy should follow the stepwise guide in Figure 1; the treatments outlined are listed in alphabetical order and it is the physicians decision to decide which order is most appropriate according to their patients condition. […] Health care providers should recognize NPV as a medical condition with significant potential to compromise womens wellbeing, even when symptoms are moderate, and should not hesitate to treat aggressively.

• #68 Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy | Safer Care Victoria

  https://www.safercare.vic.gov.au/best-practice-improvement/clinical-guidance/maternity/nausea-and-vomiting

  Treatment of NVP and HG may require a range of agents including antiemetics, acid suppression, steroids, and other medications. […] Commencement and titration of pharmacological treatment for NVP or HG: Mild-moderate NVP: start with ginger ± B6, add oral antihistamine or dopamine antagonist if needed. […] Moderate-severe NVP or inadequate response to initial treatment: consider addition of corticosteroids. […] Initial inpatient care is usually required for women with severe electrolyte disturbance, significant renal impairment, or malnutrition. […] Ambulatory Day Stay facilities and/or Hospital In The Home (HITH) services should be utilised for women who require parenteral fluid resuscitation and parenteral anti-emetic administration.

• #69 Morning sickness – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/morning-sickness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375260

  Morning sickness is typically diagnosed based on symptoms. […] Treatments for morning sickness include vitamin B-6 supplements (pyridoxine), ginger and drugs such as doxylamine (Unisom). […] Extra fluids and prescription medicine are recommended for moderate to severe morning sickness. […] If you have hyperemesis gravidarum, you may be given fluids through a vein and anti-nausea medicine in a hospital. […] Check with your health care provider before using any herbal remedies or alternative treatments to relieve morning sickness. […] Various alternative remedies have been suggested for morning sickness, including: […] Acupressure wristbands are available without a prescription in most pharmacies. […] Acupuncture isn’t a proven way to treat morning sickness, but some people find it helpful.

• #70 Morning Sickness: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/morning-sickness

  Your doctor may prescribe supplements or medications to alleviate nausea and to help you retain foods and fluids. Medications your doctor may prescribe include: […] Some people find that alternative remedies may also help relieve morning sickness. Make sure you only try these after first discussing them with your doctor. These remedies include: […] If none of these preventative measures works, or if you experience morning sickness beyond the first 3 to 4 months of your pregnancy, its important that you speak with your doctor. […] Also, be sure to talk to your doctor before starting any medications or alternative remedies to discuss these options.

• #71 ​What are Safe Treatments for Morning Sickness? | Poison Control

  https://www.poison.org/articles/what-are-safe-treatments-for-morning-sickness

  While these non-drug treatments are effective for many, medications are required in at least 10% of pregnancies to provide more effective control of nausea and vomiting. […] Doxylamine (an antihistamine) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) are effective drug treatments for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. […] In 2013, Bendectin was reintroduced in the US as the prescription medication Diclegis. Diclegis is classified by the FDA as Pregnancy Category A, meaning that multiple well-controlled investigations have failed to show evidence of fetal risk and the drug is safe to take during all trimesters of pregnancy. […] The use of pyridoxine, alone or in combination with doxylamine, is recommended by ACOG as a first-line drug treatment for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. […] If nausea and vomiting persist despite use of the therapies discussed above, there are several other prescription drugs available, including promethazine (Phenergan), metoclopramide (Reglan), and ondansetron (Zofran).

• #72 Vomiting and morning sickness – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/common-symptoms/vomiting-and-morning-sickness/

  Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, often known as morning sickness, is very common in early pregnancy. […] Morning sickness is unpleasant, and can significantly affect your day-to-day life. But it usually clears up by weeks 16 to 20 of your pregnancy and does not put your baby at any increased risk. […] Unfortunately, there’s no hard and fast treatment that will work for everyones morning sickness. Every pregnancy will be different. […] But there are some changes you can make to your diet and daily life to try to ease the symptoms. […] If these do not work for you or you’re having more severe symptoms, your doctor or midwife might recommend medicine. […] If your morning sickness is not too bad, your GP or midwife will initially recommend you try some lifestyle changes: get plenty of rest (tiredness can make nausea worse), avoid foods or smells that make you feel sick, eat something like dry toast or a plain biscuit in the morning, eat small, frequent meals of plain foods that are high in carbohydrate and low in fat (such as bread, rice, crackers and pasta), eat cold foods rather than hot ones if the smell of hot meals makes you feel sick, drink plenty of fluids, such as water (sipping them little and often may help prevent vomiting), eat foods or drinks containing ginger there’s some evidence ginger may help reduce nausea and vomiting (check with your pharmacist before taking ginger supplements during pregnancy), try acupressure there’s some evidence that putting pressure on your wrist, using a special band or bracelet on your forearm or by pressing with your fingers, may help relieve the symptoms.

• #73 Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12232-hyperemesis-gravidarum

  Intravenous fluids: Your provider will deliver fluids and nutrients to you using an IV in your arm. […] Tube feeding: Youll get nutrients from a flexible tube that your provider places in your nose or stomach. […] Total parenteral intravenous nutrition (TPN): The most severe cases of hyperemesis gravidarum might require that nutrients be given through an IV that bypasses your digestive system completely. […] The best thing you can do for hyperemesis gravidarum is to get treatment from your provider. Only your provider can treat the severe symptoms of HG like dehydration.

• #74 Treatments – HER Foundation

  https://www.hyperemesis.org/about-hyperemesis-gravidarum/treatment/

  Numerous medications are available that can be combined and used in different formats (compounded, transdermal, subcutaneous) and doses to achieve an effective treatment regimen. However, it is important to understand how medications work and what effects they have so mothers can determine if medications are effective. […] Trying the most effective medications in different forms and doses is important before trying different medications. […] Nausea and vomiting for just a few weeks causes significant nutritional deficiencies, which worsen nausea and vomiting. If nutrients are not replaced, serious complications and a prolonged recovery may occur. […] Preventing weight loss is crucial to reducing complications for both mother and baby, so strategies to improve nutritional intake are essential to effective HG management.

• #75 Researchers identify key cause of pregnancy sickness and a potential way to prevent it

  https://keck.usc.edu/news/researchers-identify-key-cause-of-pregnancy-sickness-and-a-potential-way-to-prevent-it/

  A new USC and University of Cambridge study finds that a hormone produced by the fetus – and a mother’s sensitivity to the hormone – are the cause behind nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, which, in its more extreme form can put the mother and fetus at risk. […] The findings, which appear today in Nature, suggest that pre-pregnancy exposure to the hormone might mitigate symptoms in some women. […] Lowering GDF15 is one way to potentially address pregnancy sickness—and the present study provides the first human evidence that it is likely safe to do so. Another way to reduce symptoms involves exposing women to GDF15 prior to pregnancy, to “prime” or prepare them for elevated levels of the hormone once they become pregnant. […] “This study provides strong evidence that one or both of those methods will be effective in preventing or treating HG,” Fejzo said.

• #76 Researchers identify key cause of pregnancy sickness and a potential way to prevent it

  https://keck.usc.edu/news/researchers-identify-key-cause-of-pregnancy-sickness-and-a-potential-way-to-prevent-it/

  The next step for the research team is to test whether priming women with GDF15 exposure prior to pregnancy can reduce nausea and vomiting or even prevent HG. […] Fejzo is now applying for funding to test whether metformin, a drug that increases GDF15 levels, is safe for use in patients who have a history of HG. […] The researchers also hope to test an additional class of drugs that may help with HG by blocking GDF15 from binding to its receptor in the brain. […] “Hopefully, now that we understand the main cause of HG, we’re a step closer to developing effective treatments to stop other mothers from going through what I, and many other women, have experienced,” she said.

• #77 Researchers identify key cause of pregnancy sickness and a potential way to prevent it

  https://keck.usc.edu/news/researchers-identify-key-cause-of-pregnancy-sickness-and-a-potential-way-to-prevent-it/

  The next step for the research team is to test whether priming women with GDF15 exposure prior to pregnancy can reduce nausea and vomiting or even prevent HG. […] Fejzo is now applying for funding to test whether metformin, a drug that increases GDF15 levels, is safe for use in patients who have a history of HG. […] The researchers also hope to test an additional class of drugs that may help with HG by blocking GDF15 from binding to its receptor in the brain. […] “Hopefully, now that we understand the main cause of HG, we’re a step closer to developing effective treatments to stop other mothers from going through what I, and many other women, have experienced,” she said.

• #78 Severe Morning Sickness Treatments Pregnant People Should Know About | Ochsner Health

  https://blog.ochsner.org/articles/severe-morning-sickness-treatments-pregnant-people-should-know-about

  Experiencing morning sickness is almost a rite of passage for many pregnant people. […] However, for some, what starts as morning sickness can advance into a more severe condition known as hyperemesis gravidarum, which poses significant health risks to both the pregnant person and the fetus if left untreated. […] Hyperemesis gravidarum often requires medical intervention to manage its symptoms and ensure the health of both mother and baby. […] Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum begins with prevention. […] In recent years, advancements in treatment for severe morning sickness have been promising. […] Talk with your OB provider about the best treatment options for you. […] Nutritional therapy and IV hydration treatments have also become more accessible, providing vital support to those unable to keep food and water down.

• #79 Severe Morning Sickness Treatments Pregnant People Should Know About | Ochsner Health

  https://blog.ochsner.org/articles/severe-morning-sickness-treatments-pregnant-people-should-know-about

  While morning sickness is a common part of pregnancy, it’s important to recognize when symptoms escalate to hyperemesis gravidarum, which requires professional medical intervention. […] Thanks to ongoing research and the development of new treatments, there is hope for managing even the most severe cases, allowing pregnant people to focus on their health and the growth of their unborn child all while feeling the best they can.

• #80 Morning Sickness: When It Starts, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16566-morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy

  About 70% of women get morning sickness. Changes to your diet and lifestyle can help morning sickness until it subsides. If you have severe morning sickness, your obstetrician may want to treat you with medication or IV fluids. There are various at-home treatments for morning sickness, including diet and lifestyle changes. Some obstetricians recommend over-the-counter (OTC) medications for nausea. Women with severe morning sickness may need to be admitted to the hospital to receive IV fluids to restore hydration and medications to relieve nausea. Making small changes to your diet and lifestyle can go a long way in decreasing nausea. Your healthcare provider may recommend taking vitamin B6 (also called pyridoxine) and doxylamine. Doxylamine is also used as a sleep aid and to treat hay fever or other allergies. Both products are available over-the-counter and dont need a prescription. Theres a medication approved for morning sickness called Diclegis. Your obstetrician can prescribe medications to prevent nausea (also called antiemetics). If these drugs dont help, other drugs like antihistamines and anticholinergics may work. You and your healthcare provider will decide which medications work best for you.

• #81 11 Morning Sickness and Pregnancy Nausea Remedies

  https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/my-body/morning-sickness/morning-sickness-remedies-that-really-work/

  These techniques, which use gentle pressure or tiny needles to hit certain nerve centers in the body, can be extremely effective in treating nausea. […] Medication is a standard line of defense against severe cases of morning sickness, but many pregnant people worry they’ll harm their baby. […] Always consult your health care provider before taking anything. […] The following medications are commonly used as morning sickness cures. […] Over-the-counter antacids like Tums (calcium carbonate) fight pregnancy-related acid reflux (if you have that, avoid ginger and peppermint) and reduce damage to the digestive tract from vomiting. […] If you’re having intense morning sicknessrelentless nausea and difficulty keeping food and liquids downyour health care provider may prescribe medications such as Zofran (ondansetron) for your nausea and vomiting. […] Always tell a health care provider right away if you can’t keep food or fluids down for 24 hours, or if you’re dehydrated or steadily losing weight. These symptoms could indicate the need for additional treatment.

• #82 Morning Sickness Treatment – London Pregnancy Clinic

  https://www.londonpregnancy.com/morning-sickness/

  If your symptoms are more severe, your healthcare provider can recommend safe medications or supplements, such as vitamin B6, to help manage nausea and vomiting. […] You should see a doctor if your morning sickness becomes severe or if you are unable to keep food or fluids down for an extended period. […] Women with hyperemesis gravidarum may need to be treated with intravenous fluids to restore hydration and nutrients. In some cases, medications to reduce nausea are prescribed. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to ensure the health and well-being of both mother and baby. […] Many women find relief from morning sickness through simple home remedies. Eating small, frequent meals that are bland, such as crackers, toast, or dry cereal, can help ease nausea. Ginger, whether in tea, biscuits, or supplements, is known for its ability to reduce nausea and is a popular natural remedy.

• #83 Treatments – HER Foundation

  https://www.hyperemesis.org/about-hyperemesis-gravidarum/treatment/

  Therapeutic termination is usually avoidable with aggressive treatment of HG. […] Compassionate & proactive care, effective & aggressive antiemetic therapy, family education & psychosocial support, rehydration and nutritional supplementation are essential for prevention. […] CAM directed by a licensed holistic professional is sometimes effective in easing nausea and vomiting in milder cases of HG, however, it most often is integrated with traditional medical care. […] Prolonged bed rest causes negative effects like atrophy and a delayed recovery time after delivery. It may also affect the child’s prenatal development. The best strategy is effective care and remaining as mobile as possible. […] While effective for secondary complications such as depression and anxiety if used in conjunction with antiemetic medications and hydration, psychotherapy should never be used as a primary modality for treating HG.

• #84 Nausea and Vomiting: treatment during pregnancy – SPS – Specialist Pharmacy Service – The first stop for professional medicines advice

  https://www.sps.nhs.uk/articles/nausea-and-vomiting-treatment-during-pregnancy/

  Nausea and vomiting: treatment during pregnancy […] Signposting evidence-based information on the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy […] It is important to complete an individual risk assessment for your patient and to apply the principles of prescribing during pregnancy when looking at the available information and making treatment decisions. Check to see if a risk assessment has already been completed. […] Nausea and vomiting is very common in pregnancy and is generally reported between weeks 6-16, but it may persist for longer in a small number of women. […] Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is defined as intractable vomiting resulting in 5% of pre-pregnancy weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte disturbance. It is thought to affect less than 1% of pregnant women. […] Untreated or inadequately treated severe or chronic nausea and vomiting, can have adverse effects on the mother and therefore on the foetus.

• #85 Nausea and Vomiting: treatment during pregnancy – SPS – Specialist Pharmacy Service – The first stop for professional medicines advice

  https://www.sps.nhs.uk/articles/nausea-and-vomiting-treatment-during-pregnancy/

  NICE CKS Nausea/vomiting in pregnancy includes treatment recommendations. […] NICE Antenatal Care (NG 201) provides a table summarising the advantages and disadvantages of different pharmacological treatments for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. […] UK Teratology Information Service (UKTIS) has information on the management of nausea and vomiting. […] The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) Green-top Guideline No. 69 has information on the management of nausea and vomiting and hyperemesis gravidarum. […] You should check if there is local guidance for you to use in your area. […] The guidelines recommend a stepwise approach starting with non-pharmacological measures if appropriate or possible, through the range of pharmacological options: […] Small, high carbohydrate, low fat, frequent meals

• #86 Nausea and Vomiting: treatment during pregnancy – SPS – Specialist Pharmacy Service – The first stop for professional medicines advice

  https://www.sps.nhs.uk/articles/nausea-and-vomiting-treatment-during-pregnancy/

  Ginger and/or acupressure may help if symptoms are mild. […] Cyclizine, Promethazine, Prochlorperazine or UK licensed Doxylamine/Pyridoxine combination product (Xonvea) […] Oral metoclopramide or ondansetron (max 5 days) or oral domperidone (max 7 days) […] Corticosteroids can be used after failure of conventional anti-emetic treatment and intravenous fluid replacement. […] Consider using a validated questionnaire to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (for example the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis [PUQE] score). […] UKTIS provides an overview of the treatment of nausea and vomiting and information on specific treatments including ginger, promethazine, Xonvea and ondansetron. […] Each of the UKTIS summaries has corresponding BUMPS patient information.

Zobacz więcej