Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Congenital heart disease in adults – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355461

  A person born with a congenital heart defect can often be treated successfully in childhood. But sometimes, the heart condition may not need repair during childhood or the symptoms aren’t noticed until adulthood. […] Treatment of congenital heart disease in adults depends on the specific type of heart condition and how severe it is. If the heart condition is mild, regular health checkups may be the only treatment needed. […] Other treatments for congenital heart disease in adults may include medicines and surgery. […] Some mild types of congenital heart disease in adults can be treated with medicines that help the heart work better. Medicines also may be given to prevent blood clots or to control an irregular heartbeat. […] Some adults with congenital heart disease may need a medical device or heart surgery.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/treatment/

  Treatment for congenital heart disease depends on the specific defect you or your child has. […] More severe heart defects usually require surgery or catheter intervention (where a thin hollow tube is inserted into the heart via an artery) and long-term monitoring of the heart throughout adult life by a congenital heart disease specialist. […] In some cases, medications may be used to relieve symptoms or stabilise the condition before and/or after surgery or intervention. […] If treatment is required, a procedure called a balloon valvuloplasty is often the recommended treatment option in children and younger people. […] If balloon valvuloplasty is ineffective or unsuitable, it’s usually necessary to remove and replace the valve using open heart surgery. […] If your child has the more serious form of coarctation of the aorta that develops shortly after birth, surgery to restore the flow of blood through the aorta is usually recommended in the first few days of life.

• #3 Congenital heart disease treatment in adults

  https://www.prevea.com/resources/congenital-heart-disease-treatment-in-adults

  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect in the U.S. […] Because most adults with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) underwent surgical repair during infancy or childhood, it is important to understand that the heart defect was repaired and not cured, and often requires ongoing medical care. Patients with ACHD are at risk of developing medical complications that require care from cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons. […] Additional medications, surgeries or other procedures may be needed after the initial childhood surgeries. Some people with heart defects need lifelong care to stay as healthy as possible and address certain health issues. […] Ongoing appropriate medical care for their specific heart defect will help children and adults with a CHD to live as healthy a life as possible.

• #4 Congenital heart defects in children – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350080

  Some very minor forms of congenital heart disease, like very small holes in the heart or very mild stenosis of different heart valves may just need to be followed every couple of years with some sort of an imaging study like an echocardiogram. Other more significant forms of congenital heart disease may require surgery that could be done via an open heart surgery, or it could be done in the cardiac catheterization lab using different devices or different techniques. In certain very severe situations, if surgery can’t be performed, transplant may be indicated. […] Treatment of congenital heart defects in children depends on the specific heart problem and how severe it is. […] Serious congenital heart defects need treatment soon after they’re found. Treatment may include: Medicines, Heart procedures, Heart surgery, Heart transplant.

• #5 Congenital heart disease in adults – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355461

  A pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may be needed. These devices help improve some of the complications that can occur with congenital heart disease in adults. […] Some types of congenital heart disease in adults can be repaired using thin, flexible tubes called catheters. Such treatments let doctors fix the heart without open-heart surgery. […] If catheter treatment can’t fix congenital heart disease, open-heart surgery may be needed. The type of heart surgery depends on the specific heart condition. […] If a serious heart condition can’t be treated, a heart transplant might be needed. […] Lifelong follow-up care is important. Ideally, a doctor trained in treating adults with congenital heart disease should manage your care. This type of doctor is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #6 About Congenital Heart Defects | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/index.html

  Even with improved treatments, many people with heart defects are not cured, even if their heart defect has been surgically repaired. People with heart defects can develop other health problems over time. People with a heart defect need routine checkups with a cardiologist (heart doctor) to stay as healthy as possible.

• #7 Congenital Heart Defects – Living With | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/living-with

  The outlook for children who have congenital heart defects is much better today than it was in the past. Advances in diagnosis and treatment allow most of these children to survive to adulthood, which means that more and more adults are living with congenital heart disease. […] Take medicine as prescribed. Depending on the type of congenital heart defect, medicines may be needed to treat medical conditions related to your congenital heart defect. For example, anti-arrhythmic medicine may be needed to treat arrhythmia, anticlotting medicine may be needed to prevent blood clots from forming, and blood pressure medicine, such as diuretics and beta blockers, may be needed to control high blood pressure. […] Use a pacemaker, if necessary, to help control abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias).

• #8 Care and Treatment for Congenital Heart Defects | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/care-and-treatment-for-congenital-heart-defects

  Not everyone with a congenital heart defect (CHD) requires treatment. Some people may only need to visit a cardiologist and stay under observation. In other cases, surgery or a cardiac catheterization may be needed to reduce the effects of the heart defect, or to repair the defect. […] Many medical treatments are available to help the heart perform at its best. Sometimes one child may have multiple conditions and each issue may require medication for treatment. […] Care and treatment options for congenital heart defects include: Surgical procedures, Cardiac catheterizations, Heart transplants, Preparing children for surgery, Feeding tips for your baby with CHD, Special needs for children with CHD, Physical activity for those with congenital heart defects, Heart-health recommendations for those with CHD. […] Blood Thinners, Cardiac Catheterizations, Surgery, Heart Transplant, Preparing Children for Heart Surgery, Feeding Tips For Your Baby, Special Needs For Children, Heart Health Recommendations, Physical Activity, Challenges of Living With CHD.

• #9 Medication for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/medication-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Specialists at our Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program sometimes prescribe medications to manage symptoms caused by adult congenital heart disease. These medications can help regulate abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias, and manage heart failure, in which the heart doesnt pump enough blood to the body. […] Antiarrhythmic medications can control the electrical activity of the heart, helping it to beat regularly in people with arrhythmias. […] If you have an arrhythmia, your doctor may prescribe an anticoagulant medication to prevent clots from forming and traveling to the brain, which can lead to a stroke. […] Doctors may recommend antiplatelet medications such as aspirin, particularly for people who have bleeding gums and others who cant tolerate the side effects of anticoagulants.

• #10 Medication for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/medication-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to prevent or treat an infection. […] If you have a heart rhythm disorder that causes your heart to beat too quickly, your doctor may prescribe a beta blocker. […] Diuretics may be prescribed for people with heart failure, which can cause fluids to build up in the body. […] If youre experiencing heart failure, your doctor may prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or ACE inhibitors. […] Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax blood vessels to reduce blood pressure.

• #11 Medications for Congenital Heart Disease: What Every Parent Should Know – Conquering CHDsearchhamburger-close

  https://www.conqueringchd.org/medications-for-congenital-heart-disease-what-every-parent-should-know/

  Congenital heart disease is a daunting diagnosis for any parent. But, with the right treatment plan in place, your child can lead a happy and healthy life. Medication will play an important part in that, so here is some insight to hopefully help decrease the overwhelming amount of medical info coming your way in the years to come. […] It’s important for parents and caregivers of children with congenital heart disease to understand the types of medications their child is taking and how they work in managing their condition. […] Diuretics help reduce excess fluid in the body by promoting urine production. They block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys, which leads to increased urine output. This can relieve swelling and shortness of breath caused by fluid buildup in the lungs or other parts of the body.

• #12 Medications for Congenital Heart Disease: What Every Parent Should Know – Conquering CHDsearchhamburger-close

  https://www.conqueringchd.org/medications-for-congenital-heart-disease-what-every-parent-should-know/

  ACE inhibitors block the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) which causes narrowing of blood vessels. Blocking this enzyme helps relax blood vessels so there is a wider opening for better blood flow. This will lower blood pressure, making it easier for the heart to pump. […] Cardiac glycosides improve cardiac function in children with CHD. They act by controlling numerous functions of the cardiovascular system, including to help slow down the heartbeat and increase the strength of each contraction. […] Antiarrhythmic drugs are used to help prevent or treat abnormal heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. […] Anticoagulant therapy is important for preventing blood clots in children with congenital heart disease. These medications work by thinning the blood to reduce the risk of blockages that can cause serious complications.

• #13 Congenital Heart Defects – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/treatment

  The type of treatment will depend on which type of congenital heart defect you or your baby has and how serious it is. Most simple congenital heart defects will get better over time and do not require treatment at all. However, critical congenital heart defects often require treatment. […] Medicine is often used if your baby has a specific type of congenital heart defect called patent ductus arteriosus. […] Cardiac catheterization is a common procedure that is sometimes used to repair simple heart defects, such as an atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, if they do not get better on their own. […] In heart surgery, a surgeon opens the chest to work directly on the heart. Surgery may be required for many reasons: To repair a hole in the heart, such as a ventricular septal defect or an atrial septal defect, To repair a patent ductus arteriosus, To repair complex defects, such as problems with the location of blood vessels near the heart or how they are formed, To repair or replace a valve, To widen narrowed blood vessels.

• #14 Congenital Heart Defects | Cooper University Health Care

  https://www.cooperhealth.org/services/congenital-heart-defects

  Treatment for congenital heart defects include medicines, surgery, and cardiac catheterization procedures. Many congenital heart defects do not require treatment at all. However, children with critical congenital heart defects will need surgery in the first year of life. Some people with congenital heart defects may need treatment, including repeated surgery, throughout their lives. All people with congenital heart defects should be followed by a cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in the heart, throughout their whole life. […] Your child’s doctor may prescribe medicines to help close patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. […] Cardiac catheterization is a common procedure that is sometimes used to repair simple heart defects, such as atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, if they do not repair themselves. It may also be used to open up valves or blood vessels that are narrowed or have stenosis.

• #14 Congenital Heart Defects | Cooper University Health Care

  https://www.cooperhealth.org/services/congenital-heart-defects

  In heart surgery, a cardiac surgeon opens the chest to work directly on the heart. Surgery may be done for these reasons: To repair a hole in the heart, such as a ventricular septal defect or an atrial septal defect. To repair a patent ductus arteriosus. To repair complex defects, such as problems with the location of blood vessels near the heart or how they are formed. To repair or replace a valve. To widen narrowed blood vessels. […] Surgeries that are sometimes needed to treat congenital heart defects include: Heart transplant. Children may receive a heart transplant if they have a complex congenital heart defect that cannot be repaired surgically or if the heart fails after surgery. Children may also receive a heart transplant if they are dependent on a ventilator or have severe symptoms of heart failure. Some adults with congenital heart defects may eventually need a heart transplant. Palliative surgery. Some babies with only one ventricle are too weak or too small to have heart surgery. They must have palliative surgery, or temporary surgery, first to improve oxygen levels in the blood. In this surgery, the surgeon installs a shunt, a tube that creates an additional pathway for blood to travel to the lungs to get oxygen. The surgeon removes the shunt when the baby’s heart defects are fixed during the full repair. Ventricular assist device. For people with heart failure from a congenital heart defect, this device supports the heart until a transplant occurs. These devices can be difficult to use in people who have congenital heart defects because of the heart’s abnormal structure. Total artificial heart. For some people with complex congenital heart defects, a total artificial heart may be needed instead of a ventricular assist device.

• #15 Non-surgical Alternatives in the Treatment of Congenital Heart Defects | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/non-surgical-alternatives-treatment-congenital-heart-defects?language_content_entity=en

  Congenital heart disease has been traditionally treated with surgery; however, with the development of interventional cardiology, patients are now benefiting from minimally invasive techniques. […] A standard transcatheter procedure using a closure device mounted on a balloon catheter is performed to close defects, while a balloon dilatation procedure is carried out to dilate the obstruction during cardiac catheterization to treat stenosis. […] The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel connecting the aorta with the pulmonary artery. This vessel usually closes in the first days of life, however, if it remains open, this abnormal connection is called patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Traditionally, the treatment was cardiac surgery, but currently around 98% of all PDAs are closed using the catheter technique, by inserting a device into the blood vessel through a catheter to close it.

• #16 Non-surgical Alternatives in the Treatment of Congenital Heart Defects | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/non-surgical-alternatives-treatment-congenital-heart-defects?language_content_entity=en

  Eight per cent of all ASDs are now closed interventionally by the implantation of a permanent device through a catheter that remains and eventually becomes part of the heart wall. […] Currently only secundum ASDs are amenable to non-surgical closure, meaning that there are still some cases that cannot be treated using transcatheter techniques. […] New interventional techniques have been developed in the last few years to close ventricular septal defects (VSDs), holes between the ventricles of the heart, with implantable devices. […] Overall, interventional procedures are just as effective or more effective or just as safe or safer than surgery. […] The biggest limitation is access, as most procedures are carried out on very small children, and therefore only a limited size of blood vessel is available to introduce the catheters.

• #17 Catheter-Based Treatments for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/catheter-based-treatments-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Catheter-based treatments for adult congenital heart disease can repair a defect or help the heart to function better by managing symptoms, such as pulmonary regurgitation, in which blood flows backward into the heart instead of toward the lungs. Your NYU Langone specialists determine the best procedure to address your symptoms. […] Cardiac catheterization can help your doctor to diagnose and manage heart problems, such as coronary artery disease, caused by congenital defects. […] Your doctor may perform additional procedures to correct congenital heart defects immediately after performing cardiac catheterization. […] For people with pulmonary valve stenosis and, occasionally, those with aortic valve stenosis a narrowing that prevents the heart valve from opening and closing properly balloon valvuloplasty is used to help separate the valves leaflets, which open and close to regulate blood flow.

• #18 Catheter-Based Treatments for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/catheter-based-treatments-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  At NYU Langone, our specialists can treat some people who have narrowed or leaky pulmonary valves without using open heart surgery. Transcatheter pulmonary valve therapy is a cardiac catheterization procedure that involves implanting a valve made from animal tissue to replace the heart valve that regulates blood flow to the lungs. […] Your doctor may recommend a catheterization procedure to repair a leaky mitral valve the gateway between the hearts left chambers by using a metal clip that grasps the valves leaflets, which are the flaps that open and close when the heart pumps. […] If you have a heart rhythm disorder, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter or other arrhythmias, your doctor may use catheter ablation to manage symptoms. […] If you have aortic valve stenosis, your doctor may recommend implanting an artificial aortic valve without removing the damaged valve. This procedure is called transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or TAVR, and is performed by doctors at our Transcatheter Heart Valve Program.

• #19 Congenital Heart Disease | Patient Info

  https://www.structuralheart.abbott/int/patients/congenital-heart-disease-treatment

  Treat a valve with stenosis. This is done by inserting and inflating a small balloon in the valve. This procedure, called a valvuloplasty, widens the valve and allows it to work properly. […] Close the abnormal openings in the heart: with ASD, VSD and PDA, a closure device can be inserted into a catheter. When positioned inside the hole, the device is released and can close the opening. […] OPEN-HEART SURGERY Sometimes open-heart surgery is the best form of treatment, especially if the person has a number of types of congenital heart disease.

• #20 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Treatment – NYC | Division of Cardiology

  https://www.columbiacardiology.org/patient-care/center-interventional-vascular-therapy/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  As an alternative to surgical repair, some patients with coarctation of the aorta may be candidates for a cardiac catheterization procedure involving the placement of a device called a stent, a thin expandable metal tube to expand the narrowed area and keep it open. […] Balloon/stent dilation of other narrowed vessels including the major cardiac veins returning blood to the heart. […] Closure of other birth defects including ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the lungs or in the coronary arteries.

• #21 Treatments for Congenital Heart Disease in Adults – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/congenital-heart-disease/treatment-services

  Patients with blocked or narrowed arteries can often benefit from balloon angioplasty and stent placement to improve blood flow. […] A minimally invasive procedure, balloon valvuloplasty inserts a catheter through the groin to the heart, accessing the malformed valve and expanding a small balloon is to widen the valve. […] Ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a specially designed catheter through the leg into the heart. […] Our congenital heart disease specialists are pioneers in the use of innovative devices to close holes in the heart without the need for surgery. […] Patients with damaged valves maybe require treatment to remove blockages, repair leaks or replace valves. […] UChicago Medicine offers the most advanced surgical options for congenital heart disease and other heart problems that require surgery.

• #22 Congenital Heart Disease: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/congenital-heart-disease

  Some of the complications associated with congenital heart defects can be prevented with the use of certain devices, including pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). A pacemaker can help regulate an abnormal heart rate, and an ICD may correct life-threatening irregular heartbeats. […] Catheterization techniques allow doctors to repair certain congenital heart defects without surgically opening the chest and heart. During these procedures, the doctor will insert a thin tube into a vein in the leg and guide it up to the heart. Once the catheter is in the correct position, the doctor will use small tools threaded through the catheter to correct the defect. […] This type of surgery may be needed if catheter procedures aren’t enough to repair a congenital heart defect. A surgeon may perform open-heart surgery to close holes in the heart, repair heart valves, or widen blood vessels. […] In the rare cases in which a congenital heart defect is too complex to fix, a heart transplant may be needed. During this procedure, the child’s heart is replaced with a healthy heart from a donor.

• #23 Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/congenital-heart-disease

  Because catheters need only a small cut in the leg, the recovery is much easier and faster than it is for open-heart surgery. […] Follow-up appointments are important. Feel free to ask any questions, whether they are about how to bathe your child who had heart surgery or about what kind of care you’ll need in the future.

• #24 Congenital Heart Disease CHD Treatments at Emory Heart & Vascular

  https://prod.emoryhealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/treatments/congenital-heart-disease

  If youre living with congenital heart disease (CHD), you can take comfort in knowing that advanced treatment options and services are available at Emory. […] Our heart surgeons perform hundreds of adult CHD surgeries each year. And our survival outcomes rank among the best in the nation. We also offer medications to treat many forms of congenital heart disease. […] Treatments we offer include: Fontan Procedure and Fontan Conversion, Heart Transplantation, Heart Valve Repair and Replacement, Pulmonary Hypertension Treatments, Pulmonary Valve Replacement, Septal Defect Closure, Ventricular Assist Device. […] Fontan conversion is an improved version of the Fontan procedure. This version of the Fontan procedure prevents some of the original procedures side effects, including abnormal heart rhythms and abnormal blood flow patterns.

• #25 Congenital Heart Defect Treatment & Care

  https://childrens.uvahealth.com/services/heart/chd

  At UVA Health Children’s, we’re partnering with Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughters and Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU to provide the best care for children needing heart surgery in central Virginia and beyond. […] In addition to making sure your child’s heart is cared for, we also believe in follow-up care that addresses all of their needs. Through our neurocardio program, we can provide developmental follow-up for children with CHD. […] Conditions Treatments: Arterial switch surgery for transposition of the great arteries (TGA), Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt, Coarctation of the aorta (COA), Double aortic arch, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), Fontan procedure, Glenn procedure, Heart block treatment, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS), Norwood procedure, Septal defects (ASD, VSD, PDA, AVSD), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), Truncus arteriosus.

• #26 Congenital Heart Defects – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/treatment

  Children may receive a heart transplant if they have a complex congenital heart defect that cannot be repaired surgically or if the heart fails after surgery. […] Some babies are too small or not strong enough to have heart surgery. Instead, they must have palliative surgery, or temporary surgery, to improve oxygen levels in the blood prior to heart surgery. […] This device is a mechanical pump that supports heart function and blood flow in people who have weakened hearts. […] A total artificial heart is a pump that is surgically installed to provide circulation and replace heart ventricles that are diseased or damaged.

• #27 Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/congenital-heart-disease-7976007

  Treatment for congenital heart disease varies depending on the type and severity of the defect. Some congenital heart diseases require no treatment, while others necessitate immediate medical intervention. […] Early diagnosis is crucial to ensure prompt and appropriate treatment, especially in severe cases. Once diagnosed, a treatment plan can be developed to address the individual’s unique needs, which may involve medical management, catheter-based interventions, or surgery. […] Medications can be prescribed to manage symptoms and improve heart function in certain types of congenital heart disease. Medications may help control blood pressure, reduce fluid retention, regulate heart rhythms, or enhance heart muscle function. […] Implantable heart devices are essential in managing certain congenital heart diseases. These devices are often used to regulate or improve heart rhythms and improve heart function.

• #28 Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16891-heart-disease-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) is a term for conditions that affect your hearts structure. […] Treatment includes observation, medications, implantable devices and surgery. […] Advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved outcomes for people with ACHD. […] ACHD treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition and may include: […] Certain drugs can help your heart work better, including: […] Your provider may implant a device to control your heart rate (pacemaker) or fix an irregular heartbeat (implantable cardioverter defibrillator or ICD). […] During cardiac catheterization, your provider inserts a thin tube (catheter) through a blood vessel in your groin. […] Your surgeon may perform heart valve surgery to repair or replace one or more of your heart valves. […] People with life-threatening congenital heart disease may need a complete heart transplant. […] Your provider can treat ACHD with medications, implantable devices and surgery.

• #29 Congenital Heart Disease CHD Treatments at Emory Heart & Vascular

  https://prod.emoryhealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/treatments/congenital-heart-disease

  If your CHD has progressed to advanced heart failure, you may need a new heart. Emory Heart Vascular is home to one of the nations top-ranked heart transplant programs. […] If you were born with heart valves that dont open or close completely, you probably had them replaced in childhood. But replacement valves often weaken with age. You may need valve repair or replacement again as an adult. […] Most surgical repairs for CHD improve pulmonary hypertension. Emory Heart Vascular also offers medication therapy for pulmonary hypertension. […] If you were born with narrowed pulmonary valves (pulmonary valve stenosis), you may have surgery as a child to remove your pulmonary valves. […] If left untreated, a septal defect can lead to serious conditions, including pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs). […] If your heart is weak, you may need a ventricular assist device (VAD) to help it pump. Emory Heart Vascular surgeons offer VAD implantation to people awaiting heart transplant and as an alternative to heart transplant.

• #30 Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21674-congenital-heart-disease

  Congenital heart disease treatment may involve: […] Surgery to repair an issue, open up blood flow or redirect blood. In severe cases, people need a heart transplant. […] Some cases of CHD may not need any treatment. Others are life-threatening and need treatment soon after birth. […] Complications of congenital heart disease treatment vary by procedure. They may include: […] Depending on the procedure your child is having, they may need several days, a week or even several months to recover. Ask your child’s provider about recovery for the specific procedure they’re planning.

• #31

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/treatment/

  Surgery to repair the abnormal tricuspid valve is usually recommended if the valve is very leaky. […] If the PDA doesn’t close with medication, the duct may be sealed with a coil or plug. […] More severe cases of pulmonary valve stenosis usually require treatment, even if they cause few or no symptoms. […] As with aortic valve stenosis, the main treatment for pulmonary valve stenosis is a balloon to the pulmonary valve (valvuloplasty). […] If your child has a larger ventricular septal defect, surgery is usually recommended to close the hole. […] The first stage is usually performed during the first few days of life. […] Surgery may be recommended for a small number of people but is limited by the lack of available hearts for transplantation. […] If your baby is born with severe symptoms, surgery may be recommended soon after birth. […] TAPVC is treated with surgery. […] If the pulmonary vein is obstructed, surgery will be performed shortly after birth. […] Once your baby is in a stable condition, surgery will be used to treat truncus arteriosus.

• #32 Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/congenital-heart-disease-7976007

  Some congenital heart diseases can be treated using minimally invasive catheterization techniques. These procedures involve inserting a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into a blood vessel, often through the groin, and guiding it to the heart. […] Open-heart surgery may be necessary for more complex congenital heart diseases or those that cannot be treated with a catheter. […] A heart transplant is a surgical procedure in which a failing heart is replaced with a healthy donor heart. Heart transplantation may be considered in severe and irreversible heart damage cases. This treatment option is for individuals with life-threatening congenital heart diseases that cannot be effectively managed through other means. […] Patients with congenital heart disease can often lead fulfilling lives with the right medical care, including medications, surgical procedures, implantable devices, and regular follow-ups with their healthcare providers.

• #33

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12519-022-00654-x

  The past few decades have witnessed substantial advances in the treatment of complex congenital heart defects, with most significant advances in surgical treatment strategies and improved outcomes dependent upon well-educated and calculated risk-taking innovations. […] New strategies, a team approach to decision-making, improved and refined operative skills, as well as new techniques to optimize cardiovascular physiology in all stages of care, have resulted in early treatment with decreased hospital mortality and improved long-term clinical outcomes. […] The most important difference between previous versus modern surgical management strategies is the pursuit of bi-ventricular versus uni-ventricular physiology. […] Despite these advances, risk-averse behavior, combined with an increasing rate of premature births and associated elevated surgical risk, have created an environment that is not always favorable for children born with truly complex congenital heart defects.

• #34

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12519-022-00654-x

  All the advances in prenatal assessment, imaging technology, and perioperative support, have allowed for more aggressive approaches to the surgical treatment of complex congenital heart defects with improved safety and confidence. […] More specifically, surgeons have changed their perspective regarding timing of surgery and surgical approach for complex reconstructions. […] Early complete repair provides the major advantage of reducing the duration of exposure of all organs to the damaging effects of hypoxemia, poor perfusion, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and the associated long-term complications. […] Another impetus for change has been the knowledge of the deleterious and irreversible complications occurring in adolescents and young adults from the long-term effects of the Fontan circulation.

• #35

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12519-022-00654-x

  This understanding has promoted the investigation of all possible alternative options to Fontan circulation, with an increasing emphasis in our department to pursue a bi-ventricular circulation whenever possible. […] Bi-ventricular circulation remains the goal, whenever feasible, for every patient treated in our department. […] The preferred tools in the surgical planning of complex repairs are advanced echocardiographic imaging, cardiac tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and three-dimensional reconstructions. […] The concept of staged surgical approach for bi-ventricular circulation is not new. […] At our center, the pathway toward a bi-ventricular circulation is considered for all patients referred in the newborn period with borderline left heart structures and utilizes appropriate staging of surgical procedures.

• #36 Non-surgical Alternatives in the Treatment of Congenital Heart Defects | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/non-surgical-alternatives-treatment-congenital-heart-defects?language_content_entity=en

  Valves are now being replaced percutaneously in the catheterization laboratory, rather than in surgery, although this is not yet a standard of care, as investigations are still being carried out. […] More biodegradable devices will be available in the near future that will allow the normal heart to grow, encompass, and re-absorb these devices. […] In addition, while currently X-ray imaging and ultrasound are employed to assist the procedures, in the future the ability to deliver these devices under realtime imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will exist. […] Finally, in the future there will be more of a cooperative effort between the surgeons and interventional cardiologists to perform hybrid procedures, where the surgeon and interventionalist are working together in the same room to deliver respite for the patient in the most efficient, and accurate way.

• #37

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=acd7295

  With congenital heart disease, you may be used to doing the things that help keep your heart healthy, like taking medicines. […] There are things that everyone with congenital heart disease can do to stay healthy and have a full and active life. These include getting regular checkups and having a heart-healthy lifestyle. […] Adults who have congenital heart disease need routine checkups. […] You may have a higher risk of an infection in your heart. […] People with heart disease can be active and get regular exercise. […] Work with your doctor to make an exercise program that is enjoyable and safe for you. […] Eat heart-healthy foods. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. […] Don’t smoke. […] Having a heart disease can be hard on your emotions. Treatment with counselling and medicine can help. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety.

• #38 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Congenital Heart Defects | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-congenital-heart-defects

  Some hospitals offer outpatient pediatric cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiac rehab is a program for people who are recovering from heart disease, heart failure, and heart surgery. Medical professionals, including physical therapists, run this structured program of physical conditioning and lifestyle counseling. Participating in an outpatient pediatric cardiac rehab program has been shown to: Increase physical activity, which is important for overall health, especially for people with heart conditions. Improve development and cognition. Promote healthy lifestyle habits. Improve quality of life. […] Because people with CHD may avoid physical activity and resort to frequent sitting, they are at an increased risk for other health issues, such as obesity. Physical therapists provide important support to establish healthy habits from an early age.

• #38 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Congenital Heart Defects | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-congenital-heart-defects

  Physical therapists are movement experts who use the latest evidence to design treatment plans for each persons needs and goals. They improve quality of life through hands-on care, patient education, and prescribed movement. You can contact a physical therapist directly for an evaluation. To find a physical therapist in your area, visit Find a PT. […] After medical diagnosis of a CHD, a physical therapist can partner with other health care providers to help you and your child better understand their condition. Physical therapists promote development and help children progress with physical function. […] With input from the you and your child, and while partnering with the medical team, the physical therapist will design a treatment plan specific to your childs needs and goals. Your physical therapy plan may include: Education. Your physical therapist will design and teach you how to do a home exercise program. They also will recommend lifestyle changes and teach you and your child how to manage their condition. Physical therapists also may explain any concerning signs and symptoms to watch out for during rest and activity.

• #39 Congenital Heart Defects – Living With | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/living-with

  Receive routine vaccinations, which are especially important in children with congenital heart defects. Adults with ongoing heart or immune problems should have a pneumococcal vaccination to prevent pneumonia and complications such as meningitis. […] Be sure your doctor is aware of your congenital heart defect before any surgery, not just heart surgery. People with congenital heart defects are at higher risk of problems during surgery.

• #40 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Congenital Heart Defects | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-congenital-heart-defects

  A physical therapist can design and monitor a personalized exercise program to help increase aerobic endurance. An aerobic exercise program improves physical activity tolerance and quality of life. Physical therapists help children and families explore various forms of aerobic exercise, such as walking, dancing, biking, or using obstacle courses. Finding an enjoyable physical activity is important for anyone, especially people with CHDs. […] Many CHDs require surgery to repair them. A physical therapist may see the child before, after, or between surgeries: Before surgery. A physical therapist may complete a baseline assessment of development or fitness. They will provide education on movement after surgery. […] After surgery. A physical therapist can: Educate caregivers on how to safely handle and position a newborn after surgery. Advise on safe playtime, walking, and movement after surgery. Promote improved breathing patterns and upper body movement. Support a return to presurgery functioning. Assist with scar healing.

• #41

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/

  Treatment for congenital heart disease usually depends on the defect you or your child has. […] Mild defects, such as holes in the heart, often don’t need to be treated, as they may improve on their own and may not cause any further problems. […] Surgery or interventional procedures are usually required if the defect is significant and causing problems. Modern surgical techniques can often restore most or all of the heart’s normal function. […] However, people with congenital heart disease often need treatment throughout their life and therefore require specialist review during childhood and adulthood. This is because people with complex heart problems can develop further problems with their heart rhythm or valves over time. […] Most surgery and interventional procedures aren’t considered to be a cure. The affected person’s ability to exercise may be limited and they may need to take extra steps to protect themselves from getting infections. […] It’s important that a person with heart disease and their parents or carers discuss these issues with their specialist medical team.

• #42 Medical management of cyanotic congenital heart disease in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/medical-management-of-cyanotic-congenital-heart-disease-in-adults

  Medical management of adult patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease is discussed here. Management of patients with Eisenmenger syndrome includes following recommendations pertinent to all patients with cyanotic heart disease as well as other recommendations specific to Eisenmenger syndrome and pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease. […] Adults with cyanotic heart disease should be evaluated and followed at a specialty center for adult congenital heart diseases. Such centers specializing in the management of adult congenital heart disease provide the optimal combination of clinical expertise, facilities for diagnosis and therapy, structured care, and access to new and evolving therapies. […] Supplemental oxygen is administered only as needed for symptom relief, but not to a target oxygen level. Excess supplemental oxygen should be avoided as there is a potential risk of reducing the patient’s hypoxia-mediated drive to ventilation. Oxygen saturation should be measured at rest rather than immediately after effort.

• #43 Congenital Heart Disease – Albert Lea – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/albert-lea/services-and-treatments/cardiology/diseases/congenital

  Congenital heart disease often can be treated successfully in childhood. […] Treatment of congenital heart disease in adults depends on how severe your heart problem is. You may simply be monitored, or you may need medications or surgery. […] Some mild congenital heart defects can be treated with medications that help the heart work more efficiently. You also may need medications to prevent blood clots or control an irregular heartbeat. […] Several surgeries and procedures are available to treat adults with congenital heart disease: […] If catheter procedures can’t fix your heart defect, your health care provider may recommend open-heart surgery. […] If a serious heart defect can’t be repaired, a heart transplant may be an option. […] Lifelong follow-up care is important. […] Follow-up care may include regular checkups and occasional bloodwork and imaging exams to screen for complications.

• #44 Congenital Heart Disease | Conditions & Treatments | UTSW

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/congenital-heart-disease/

  We work with patients and their families to develop treatment plans that are precisely tailored to their heart condition, stage of life, accompanying health issues, and treatment goals. […] Our adult congenital heart disease services include: Cardiovascular imaging, such as echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and multi-slice cardiac CT; Catheter-based diagnostic and interventional procedures; Electrophysiology procedures to treat heart rhythm disorders; Heart transplant; Lung transplant; Management of pulmonary hypertension; High-risk obstetrics; Genetic counseling; Cardiac rehabilitation. […] Although heart defects are not passed from mother to child, adult women with congenital heart disease who wish to have children require close, specialized medical attention to ensure a safe pregnancy and delivery.

• #45 Congenital Heart Disease | Conditions & Treatments | UTSW

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/congenital-heart-disease/

  Our experienced cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons expertly diagnose and treat the complete spectrum of congenital heart conditions and help patients who have had heart conditions since birth live long, healthy lives. […] Significant improvements in surgical techniques have allowed for more complex malformations to be treated, transforming the lives of many people with congenital heart disease. […] Different types of congenital heart disease can cause different complications in adulthood, even if they were surgically repaired decades earlier. […] Because of these differences, treatment depends on the exact type of congenital heart disease and the complications it might be causing in different individuals. Our patients have direct access to the vast resources of UT Southwestern, including therapies ranging from medical management to multi-organ transplant.

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