Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Atopic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24299-atopic-dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition that causes skin discoloration and itchy rashes. […] Theres no cure, but you can manage it with creams and medications or other available treatment options. […] Treatment options are available to help you manage symptoms. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend different options to treat your atopic dermatitis symptoms. This may include: Identifying and avoiding triggers and allergens, Applying an over-the-counter, fragrance-free moisturizer (cream or ointment) to your skin at least twice daily, Using topical prescription medication as directed by your provider, Participating in allergen immunotherapy to reduce how many allergic reactions you have, Undergoing light therapy (phototherapy). […] Two medications that your provider may prescribe to treat atopic dermatitis include: Topical corticosteroids, Topical calcineurin inhibitors.

• #1 Atopic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24299-atopic-dermatitis

  To soothe mild, itchy, dry and cracked skin from atopic dermatitis, you can: Use over-the-counter anti-itch creams (hydrocortisone), Take allergy medication (antihistamine) as directed, Keep your skin moisturized with products that dont contain perfumes or dyes, particularly immediately after a bath or shower, Trim your nails or wear gloves at night to prevent itching, Wear comfortable clothing that isnt tight or scratchy, Use a humidifier to prevent dry air environments, Take an oatmeal bath (use colloidal oatmeal as directed in your bath water) to lock the moisture into your skin. […] The timeline varies from person to person after you start treatment. For example, you may notice itch relief shortly after applying a prescription medication to your skin. The rash may start to fade within days to weeks.

• #2 Atopic eczema – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/atopic-eczema/

  Atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a common skin condition that causes itchy skin. It cannot be cured, but treatment can help manage the symptoms. […] There are treatments that can help manage it and improve your symptoms. The main treatments are: moisturising creams, lotions, ointments and gels you apply to your skin and wash with (emollients) and steroid creams, lotions or gels you apply to your skin (topical corticosteroids). […] If your eczema is more severe, there are other treatments such as special dressings or medicines. A GP can prescribe some treatments, or you may be referred to a skin specialist (dermatologist).

• #3 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353279

  To diagnose atopic dermatitis, your health care provider will likely talk with you about your symptoms, examine your skin and review your medical history. You may need tests to identify allergies and rule out other skin diseases. […] Treatment of atopic dermatitis may start with regular moisturizing and other self-care habits. If these don’t help, your health care provider might suggest medicated creams that control itching and help repair skin. These are sometimes combined with other treatments. […] Atopic dermatitis can be persistent. You may need to try various treatments over months or years to control it. And even if treatment is successful, symptoms may return (flare). […] Medicated products applied to the skin. Many options are available to help control itching and repair the skin. Products are available in various strengths and as creams, gels and ointments.

• #3 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353279

  This treatment is used for people who either don’t get better with topical treatments or rapidly flare again after treatment. […] If you’re embarrassed or frustrated by your skin condition, it can help to talk with a therapist or other counselor. […] Taking care of sensitive skin is the first step in treating atopic dermatitis and preventing flares. […] Moisturize your skin at least twice a day. […] Apply an anti-itch cream to the affected area. […] Take an oral allergy or anti-itch medication. […] Don’t scratch. […] Take a daily bath or shower. […] Use a gentle, nonsoap cleanser. […] The American Academy of Dermatology recommends a bleach bath for relief from severe or frequent flares. […] Many people with atopic dermatitis have tried alternative (integrative) medicine approaches to easing their symptoms. […] When applied to skin, creams containing cannabinoids have been shown to ease itching and skin thickening. […] If you’re considering alternative therapies, talk with your health care provider about their pros and cons.

• #3 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353279

  Creams or ointments with a calcineurin inhibitor might be a good option for those over age 2. Examples include tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel). […] The Food and Drug Administration requires that these products have a black box warning about the risk of lymphoma. This warning is based on rare cases of lymphoma among people using topical calcineurin inhibitors. […] For more-severe eczema, your health care provider may prescribe pills to help control your symptoms. Options might include cyclosporine, methotrexate, prednisone, mycophenolate and azathioprine. […] The injectable biologics (monoclonal antibodies) dupilumab (Dupixent) and tralokinumab (Adbry) might be options for people with moderate to severe disease who don’t respond well to other treatment. […] An effective, intensive treatment for severe eczema involves applying a corticosteroid ointment and sealing in the medication with a wrap of wet gauze topped with a layer of dry gauze.

• #4 Effective Eczema Treatments | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/treatments/

  There is no cure for eczema, but many treatments are available and more are on the horizon. […] Depending on the type of eczema and severity, treatments include lifestyle changes, over-the-counter (OTC) remedies or prescription medication. […] For most types of eczema, managing the condition and its symptoms comes down to these basics: Know your triggers; Implement a regular bathing and moisturizing routine; Use over-the-counter (OTC) and/or prescription medications consistently and as prescribed; Watch for signs of skin infection pus-filled bumps, pain, redness or heat. […] Some other things you can do to help manage eczema symptoms: Cultivate a care team of healthcare providers to help you find the right treatment. […] However, some people find that even when they do all the right things, their eczema still flares.

• #4 Effective Eczema Treatments | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/treatments/

  In 2006, the FDA implemented a black box warning for TCIs regarding long-term safety and a possible risk of lymphoma (a type of blood cancer). […] Currently, there are two FDA-approved topical PDE4 inhibitors for atopic dermatitis: Eucrisa (crisaborole) is an ointment available for adults and children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis ages 3 months and up. […] One of the most commonly prescribed medications for all types of eczema is topical corticosteroids, or steroids for short, which can reduce inflammation and itching so that the skin can begin to heal. […] Topical steroids are classified by their strength (or potency), which ranges from super potent (Class 1), to least potent (Class 7). […] According to the Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis by the American Academy of Dermatology, Systemic steroids should be avoided if possible for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. […] Phototherapy, also called light therapy, means treatment with different wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) light. […] Phototherapy is generally used for eczema that is all over the body (widespread) or for localized eczema (such as hands and feet) that has not improved with topical treatments.

• #4 Effective Eczema Treatments | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/treatments/

  OTC hydrocortisone is usually applied one to four times a day for up to seven days. […] Topical treatments, or topicals, for eczema are medications that are applied to the skin to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. […] Aryl hydrocarbon receptors work by specifically binding to and activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to downregulate inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress and increase expression of proteins involved in skin barrier function. […] Vtama (tapinarof) cream (1%) is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist and nonsteroidal topical cream from manufacturer Dermavant, an Organon company, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults and children 2 years of age and older. […] The inflammation of atopic dermatitis (AD) is caused in part by immune system messengers called cytokines that are increased in the blood and the skin.

• #5 Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/atopic-dermatitis/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis/?srsltid=AfmBOoqjNzcodrb2m9Vc818CJ8NW-froo-lyQhXq8krkCtSLRwtp5rky

  Address the 4 aspects of the disease simultaneously and refer to the treatment algorithm for stepwise therapeutic choices. […] Treating children with atopic dermatitis involves addressing 4 aspects of the disease simultaneously. Treatment choices are considered in a stepwise manner and depend on the severity of the disease. […] The treatment of atopic dermatitis includes the following simultaneous measures: Moisturizing the skin, for the purpose of Repairing and maintaining the skin barrier, Hydrating the skin (which can prevent pruritus), Reducing itch, Treating inflammation, Preventing and managing skin infections. […] Moisturizers (emollients) are the cornerstone of atopic dermatitis treatment. They are the main treatment for mild atopic dermatitis and an important part of treating moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

• #5 Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/atopic-dermatitis/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis/?srsltid=AfmBOoqjNzcodrb2m9Vc818CJ8NW-froo-lyQhXq8krkCtSLRwtp5rky

  Topical corticosteroids are the first-choice therapy for eczema flares and their benefits greatly exceed uncommon adverse effects. […] Noncorticosteroid topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) are used as second-line agents in patients older than 2 years for whom topical corticosteroids fail or when avoidance of more potent topical corticosteroids is desired. […] Systemic therapies are considered for those with moderate-to-severe disease that is unresponsive to standard treatments. […] The treatment regimen for atopic dermatitis is complex and multifactorial; therefore, support for the patient and caregivers is crucial in increasing treatment compliance.

• #5 Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/atopic-dermatitis/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis/?srsltid=AfmBOoqjNzcodrb2m9Vc818CJ8NW-froo-lyQhXq8krkCtSLRwtp5rky

  The chief way to reduce itch is to address xerosis with the daily application of emollients. […] To treat inflammation during a flare of atopic dermatitis, apply a topical corticosteroid twice daily to affected areas until improvement occurs (usually a few days to 2-3 weeks). […] Once symptoms have improved, the corticosteroid is withdrawn and a moisturizer continued regularly. […] Rarely, systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologicals, small molecule therapies, or phototherapy is necessary for the management of atopic dermatitis. […] Phototherapy may be considered for children who have moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and have failed multimodal topical therapy. […] A moisturizer should be used regularly. However, applying a corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitor once or twice weekly at locations prone to exacerbations has been shown to reduce relapses and increase the time to the next flare.

• #6 Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0515/p590.html

  Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory skin disease affecting one in 10 people in their lifetime. […] Maintenance therapy consists of liberal use of emollients and daily bathing with soap-free cleansers. Use of topical corticosteroids is the first-line treatment for atopic dermatitis flare-ups. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are topical calcineurin inhibitors that can be used in conjunction with topical corticosteroids as first-line treatment. Ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective treatment for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis when first-line treatments are not adequate. […] Emollients should be used as the primary therapy for atopic dermatitis flare-ups and maintenance. […] Topical corticosteroids should be used as first-line treatment for atopic dermatitis flare-ups.

• #6 Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0515/p590.html

  Topical calcineurin inhibitors may be used as first-line treatment for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in combination with topical steroids. […] Ultraviolet B phototherapy should be used as second-line treatment for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. […] There is no high-quality evidence supporting oral antibiotics for prophylaxis, and they should be used only to treat secondary bacterial infections. […] Crisaborole (Eucrisa) is a topical, steroid-sparing phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor that was FDA-approved in 2016 to treat mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients two years and older. […] Dupilumab (Dupixent) is an injectable monoclonal antibody that was FDA-approved in 2017 to treat moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in patients 12 years and older who had an inadequate response or could not tolerate standard therapy.

• #7 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema), the most common inflammatory skin disease worldwide, involves genetic and environmental factors. It is not yet possible to modify genetic factors and it can be difficult to effectively manipulate all relevant environmental factors. There is therefore no known cure for atopic dermatitis, however, treatment can control inflammatory dermatitis and help the skin feel healthy: […] Topical treatments can come in many forms. It is important that the correct formulation is used for the different patterns and distributions of atopic dermatitis. […] Emollients and moisturisers are an essential aspect of care for all types of dermatitis. They need to be continued long-term in atopic dermatitis even if the skin looks and feels comfortable. They should be applied regularly (2-3 times/day is recommended) and liberally.

• #7 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis

  Topical steroids are the mainstay treatment for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. They are safe and effective when used correctly. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors are topical immunomodulators and work in a different way from corticosteroids. […] Crisaborole was approved by the FDA in 2016 as a topical treatment for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis in patients 2 years of age and older. […] Narrowband UVB phototherapy can be used to treat severe atopic dermatitis. […] A short course of systemic corticosteroids can be very useful to quickly control a flare and to provide temporary respite, especially for important occasions such as a wedding. […] Long-term control of severe disease may require an immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory agent such as: Methotrexate, Azathioprine, Ciclosporin, Mycophenolate mofetil.

• #7 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis

  Biological agents block specific steps in the inflammatory pathway. Dupilumab is the first biological agent approved to treat atopic dermatitis. […] Janus kinase inhibitors eg, ruxolitinib cream was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2021 for select use in patients aged 12 and older with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. […] There is little published data on the treatment of atopic dermatitis in skin of colour, in part due to under-representation in clinical trials. […] For secondary bacterial infection, skin swabs should be taken to determine the responsible bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity.

• #8 Eczema: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9998-eczema

  Steps to get rid of eczema include using moisturizer, taking medications, light therapy and avoiding triggers. […] Your treatment for eczema is unique to you and what caused your symptoms to flare up. Treatment for eczema could include: […] Using gentle or sensitive skin moisturizers throughout the day when you have dry skin. Apply moisturizer when your skin is damp after a bath or shower. […] Apply topical medications to your skin as advised by your provider, like topical steroids. […] Take oral medications like anti-inflammatory medicines, antihistamines or corticosteroids to reduce itchiness and swelling. […] Immunosuppressant drugs help regulate how your immune system functions. […] Light therapy to improve the appearance of your skin and remove blemishes. […] Avoid triggers that cause symptoms of eczema to flare up.

• #8 Eczema: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9998-eczema

  If your child has skin issues, such as eczema, you can: […] Give your child a short, warm bath instead of a long, hot bath, which can dry out their skin. […] Use moisturizers several times daily. In infants with eczema, moisturizing on a regular basis, like with each diaper change, is extremely helpful. […] Keep the room temperature as regular as possible. Changes in room temperature and humidity can dry your child’s skin. […] Keep your child dressed in cotton. Wool, silk and synthetic fabrics such as polyester can irritate their skin. […] Use sensitive skin or unscented laundry detergent. […] Help your child avoid rubbing or scratching at their skin. […] There are several options of moisturizer available to treat eczema. Choose skin care products that: […] Are hypoallergenic, fragrance- and dye-free.

• #9 Patient education: Eczema (atopic dermatitis) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Eczema is a chronic condition; it typically improves and then flares (gets worse) periodically. Some people have no symptoms for several years. Eczema is not curable, although it is possible to control your symptoms with a variety of self-care measures and medications. […] Many people with eczema can initially be treated by their primary care provider. However, you may need to see a dermatologist (skin specialist) in certain situations, such as if your condition does not improve with treatment, if certain areas of your body are affected (face or skin folds), or if another condition could be causing symptoms. […] Eliminating factors that aggravate your eczema symptoms can help to control the symptoms. […] Emollients are lotions, creams, and ointments that moisturize the skin and prevent it from drying out. The best emollients for people with eczema are thick creams (such as Eucerin, Cetaphil, and Nutraderm) or ointments (such as petroleum jelly, Aquaphor, and Vaseline), which contain little to no water. Emollients are most effective when applied immediately after bathing.

• #10 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/eczema-(atopic-dermatitis)-overview

  Moisturizing the Skin: Dry skin tends to worsen the itching and rash, therefore moisturizing and hydrating your skin is an important component to eczema care. After soaking skin in a lukewarm bath or shower, gently pat the skin dry and immediately apply a moisturizer on slightly wet skin to lock in the water and thus, improve dryness. It is important to know that moisturizers are NOT steroids. Petrolatum is a moisturizer that helps to seal in water. Some over the counter preparations containing components called ceramides (a type of lipid or fat) can benefit some people as well. Ceramides are naturally present in the skin and may need to be replenished in eczematous skin. […] Topical Steroids: Topical steroids are anti-inflammatory medications that are used on the areas of rash. These steroids are not the same as testosterone or estrogen. When used properly as advised by your physician, topical steroids are safe and effective. One topical steroid may be stronger (more potent) than another, and thus, may improve the rash more effectively than a weaker topical steroid. However, the stronger steroid also has potentially more side effects including thinning of the skin, and thus potent steroids should not be used on certain areas, such as the underarms, groin area, and face. Usually, topical steroids found over-the-counter are not as strong as prescription ones. Bring all topical medications (they come in various forms, including creams, lotions, and ointments) to your allergist / immunologist, so the provider can review them. Steroid pills or steroid injections (shots) are much stronger than topical steroids and can therefore cause more severe side-effects (including weight gain and bone problems). They should not become part of a well-planned care plan for eczema.

• #10 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/eczema-(atopic-dermatitis)-overview

  Eczema Treatment and Management […] The major goals of treatment are to improve quality of life and to minimize skin inflammation. Those with eczema should be able to participate in school, work, social, and family activities. Patients should feel healthy and satisfied with the skins appearance. Optimizing treatment to minimize social stigma is important. Your personal preferences should be taken into consideration when discussing treatment strategies. Goals of treatment include improving the appearance of the skin, minimizing side effects of medication and improving sleep duration and quality. […] Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis […] Treatment options for atopic dermatitis have greatly expanded. […] Topical Therapies: Topical means anything applied directly to the skin. There are many topical therapies. Ointments- tend to have more oil than water and are usually more thick Creams- A mix of oil and water Solutions- A more liquid form and can feel watery Lotions- Thicker than a solution but not as think as an ointment or cream

• #10 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/eczema-(atopic-dermatitis)-overview

  Therapies for Associated Infections: Skin can become infected and topical or oral treatments may be required. […] Bathing Strategies Including Dilute Bleach Baths: Very dilute bleach baths (typically, one quarter to one half cup of bleach mixed with 40 gallons of water bath) once to twice weekly may help improve the rash and may decrease the need for antibiotics. This should only be implemented after discussion with your allergy provider. […] Stress-Relieving Therapies: Stress reduction techniques, such as biofeedback and other techniques may be used to improve mood and decrease anxiety associated with eczema. […] Vitamins: There has been a recent increase in studies associating vitamin D deficiency with eczema. If you have been diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency (low Vitamin D level) by your physician, Vitamin D supplements may be prescribed.

• #10 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/eczema-(atopic-dermatitis)-overview

  Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Topical calcineurin inhibitors are non-steroidal topical anti-inflammatory medications. They are usually second-line agents used if steroids are unsuccessful or to give the skin a break from steroids. As they are not steroids, these medicines can be used on eyelid and other facial areas, as they do not normally thin the skin. As with any other medications, they may have other potential side effects, so one must discuss them with your allergy / immunology provider prior to use. Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are two examples of calcineurin inhibitors and are effective nonsteroidal treatments. These agents target inflammation in a different way than topical steroids. […] Topical Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Another topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, which is approved for ages 3 months and up. Crisaborole is the name of the approved cream available, and it can be applied twice daily on the face and body. It does not thin the skin like topical steroids.

• #10 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/eczema-(atopic-dermatitis)-overview

  Topical JAK Pathway Inhibitor: Ruxolitinib is a topical inhibitor of another inflammatory pathway called the JAK pathway. This is another possible treatment for eczema not responding to topical steroids. It should not be used for more than 8 continuous weeks and should be used on less than 20% total body surface area in those age 12 years or above. […] Systemic Therapies: Systemic means either anything you have to ingest my mouth or an injection. Current approved systemic therapies include biologics and small molecules. […] Biologics: Human-made proteins that are intended to be very targeted to one specific part of the immune system. These are administered by injection because they are not well suited to be given orally. Biologic medications have been approved for a variety of conditions including asthma and eczema. One biologic agent, dupilumab, has been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe eczema for ages 6 months and above. Another biologic, tralokinumab is approved for adults with atopic dermatitis. Your allergist / immunologist can discuss biological medications with you.

• #10 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/eczema-(atopic-dermatitis)-overview

  Small Molecules: Synthetic drugs that inhibit activity of enzymes. These are administered orally. Two oral JAK inhibitors (upadaticinib in people 12 years and older and abrocitinib in adults) are approved for eczema. An allergist/immunologist can discuss the benefits and risks of these medications. […] Other Immunosuppressive Medications: In some cases of severe atopic dermatitis, other immunosuppressive medications can also be considered. These medications are not specifically approved for eczema. […] Management Options […] Phototherapy: This is a form of light therapy more typically performed by dermatologists to treat severe diffuse eczema of the body or severe hand eczema. This therapy is reserved for adults and children who fail topical steroids and other available treatment options. Ultraviolet light is categorized by wavelength and is called UVA, UVB or UVC. Narrowband UVB refers to the light spectrum at 311-313 nm and is most tolerated for treatment with the least side effects. Side effects can include sunburn and premature skin aging. Phototherapy may be used in combination with other treatment options.

• #10 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/eczema-(atopic-dermatitis)-overview

  Wet-Wrap Therapy: Wet wrap therapy is usually used for people with difficult to manage eczema. In this therapy, the skin is soaked in warm water for about 15-20 minutes and then is patted dry. Topical medications (typically, steroids or other anti-inflammatory medications, as described above) are then placed on the rash areas of the skin. Then, a wet (damp, not dripping) dressing (either gauze or cotton clothing) is applied on top of the rash areas. This is followed by a dry wrap material, such as elastic bandage, pajamas, or socks, placed over the wet dressing. For patient comfort, a warm blanket may also be used. Wraps are used typically for 2-6 hours or can be used overnight. The use of wet wrap therapy is individualized and typically used for flares of disease. […] Antihistamines: Oral, or pill, antihistamines do not reduce the itch associated with eczema, as it is not triggered by histamine. Sedative antihistamines are sometimes used to help encourage much needed sleep at night. However, there are potential side effects, including increased sleepiness, or sedation during the day, increased dryness, and difficulty urinating.

• #11 Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0915/p1191.html

  A reasonable recommendation for bathing is once daily with warm (not hot) water for approximately five to 10 minutes. Soap should not be used unless it is needed for the removal of dirt. In this situation, the use of a mild cleanser (e.g., Dove, Basis, Kiss My Face or Cetaphil) is recommended. […] Immediately after bathing (and before the skin is completely dry), patients should apply a moisturizer liberally (e.g., Aquaphor, Eucerin, Moisturel, mineral oil or baby oil). Ointments are superior to creams and lotions, but they are greasy and therefore poorly tolerated. […] Pruritus that is refractory to moisturizers and conservative measures can be treated with antihistamines or tricyclic antidepressants. […] Antibiotics should be used to treat secondary infections. Appropriate agents include clindamycin (Cleocin), dicloxacillin (Pathocil), first-generation cephalosporins and macrolide antibiotics.

• #12 Treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis-eczema

  Patients with mild to moderate disease may be treated with topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and other topical treatments such as topical PDE4 inhibitors, topical ruxolitinib, topical delgocitinib, and tapinarof. […] Patients with moderate to severe disease may require systemic treatment options, phototherapy, and biologic agents such as dupilumab, tralokinumab, lebrikizumab, and nemolizumab. […] Management of infection is also crucial, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, viral infections, and fungal infections. […] Controlling pruritus can involve nonpharmacologic interventions, topical treatments, phototherapy, oral antihistamines, and systemic medications like cyclosporine and dupilumab. […] The role of allergen immunotherapy and unproven therapies, including complementary and alternative therapies, should also be considered in the treatment plan. […] Prevention strategies include skin barrier enhancement, probiotics, dietary supplements, and nutritional interventions.

• #13 Atopic eczema

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/atopic-eczema

  Atopic eczema usually occurs in people who have an 'atopic tendency’. This means they may develop any or all of three closely linked conditions; atopic dermatitis, asthma and hay fever (allergic rhinitis). […] Current evidence points to mutations in the filaggrin gene being likely to underlie almost half the cases of atopic eczema. […] It reinforces the importance of the regular use of emollients to help manage eczema. […] Most children outgrow atopic eczema as they get older. […] Complete emollient therapy to the whole skin every day – the correct use of moisturisers, and soap substitutes. […] Steroid creams / ointments for a flare (red/itchy areas of skin) – apply thinly to affected areas of skin. […] The weekend steroid regime – patients with frequent flares often benefit from applying steroid creams/ointments on two consecutive days a week once a flare has settled.

• #13 Atopic eczema

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/atopic-eczema

  Topical calcineurin inhibitors should be considered on areas of thin skin (eg the face) if too much steroid cream is being used. […] Emollients are the mainstay of therapy and without them it is not possible to manage eczema effectively. […] The more emollients are used, the less topical steroids are needed. […] Use the lowest appropriate potency and only apply thinly to inflamed skin. […] The topical calcineurin inhibitors are Protopic (tacrolimus 0.03 and 0.1% ointment) and Elidel (pimecrolimus 1% cream). […] Their main benefit is that they are not steroid-based and so do not cause skin atrophy. […] The Summary of Product Characteristics, which are approved by the MHRA, were changed in March 2022 such that Protopic and Elidel can be initiated by physicians with experience in the diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• #14 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049085-treatment

  Lebrikizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-13 and inhibits IL-13-induced responses, including release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and IgE. […] Ruxolitinib topical cream 1.5% gained FDA approval for short-term and noncontinuous long-term treatment of mild-to-moderate AD in nonimmunocompromised adults and adolescents whose disease is not adequately controlled with other topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. […] The first topical JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib topical cream 1.5%, gained FDA approval for short-term and noncontinuous long-term treatment of mild-to-moderate AD in nonimmunocompromised adults and adolescents whose disease is not adequately controlled with other topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable.

• #14 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049085-treatment

  As a maintenance regimen, 1.25% hydrocortisone powder in Acid Mantle used diffusely as a steroid-based emollient is both effective and safe for longer periods (eg, months) to prevent acute flares in addition to the use of higher-class steroids to treat acute flares rapidly. […] Tacrolimus (topical FK506) is an immunomodulator that acts as a calcineurin inhibitor. […] Pimecrolimus 1% is also an immunomodulator and calcineurin inhibitor. […] Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 signaling by blocking the shared IL-4Ra and originally demonstrated efficacy in phase 2 clinical trials. […] Given its unprecedented efficacy, dupilumab is emerging as a first-line therapeutic for moderate-to-severe AD. […] Tralokinumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-13, ultimately preventing the release of cytokines, chemokines, and IgE.

• #14 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049085-treatment

  Crisaborole topical ointment 2% was approved by the FDA in December 2016 for mild-to-moderate AD in adults and children aged 2 years or older. […] Probiotics have been recommended as a therapeutic option for the treatment of AD. […] In patients with severe disease, and particularly in adults, phototherapy, methotrexate (MTX), azathioprine, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil have been used with success. […] Antibiotics are used for the treatment of clinical infection caused by S aureus or flares of disease. […] A randomized investigator-blinded placebo-controlled trial found that intranasal mupirocin ointment and diluted bleach (sodium hypochlorite) baths improved AD symptoms in patients with clinical signs of secondary bacterial infection. […] Moisturization is important on an ongoing basis and may prevent flares.

• #15 Eczema Treatment | National Jewish Health

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/eczema/eczema-treatment

  When eczema symptoms are severe, your health care provider may suggest wet wrap therapy. […] Phototherapy with many different types of ultraviolet light may be prescribed, such as broad-band ultraviolet B, broad-band ultraviolet A, narrow-band UVB, or combined UVAB light. […] Eczema patients who are experiencing a lot of stress may benefit from psychological counseling or even from taking antianxiety drugs. […] Day hospitalization at centers specializing in treatment of eczema can be helpful for patients whose rashes are not controlled by medications and by avoiding irritants.

• #15 Eczema Treatment | National Jewish Health

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/eczema/eczema-treatment

  This biologic is a medicine that is given as a routine shot. […] Skin and scalp products that contain coal-tar extracts have long been used to treat and reduce itching and rash. […] Skin infections caused by bacteria (e.g. impetigo), fungus (e.g. athlete’s foot) and viruses (e.g. cold sores) can complicate the treatment of eczema symptoms. […] Antihistamines taken by mouth are used to control allergy symptoms and can help reduce itching from atopic dermatitis. […] Several topical products that are not FDA regulated, but require prescriptions since they are registered as medical devices, have been developed for the treatment of itchy rashes caused by eczema. […] The soak and seal procedure is an effective treatment to retain moisture in dry, irritated skin as a result of eczema. […] Proper skin care measures directed at maintaining a healthy skin barrier are a key part of reducing bacterial colonization or infection.

• #16 Eczema Medication and Treatment – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/eczema-treatment-options/

  Janus kinase inhibitors, or JAK inhibitors for short, is a medication that blocks off an overactive pathway of enzymes. This limits the production of immune messengers called cytokines that can cause eczema symptoms. […] Phototherapy, also called light therapy, can reduce the inflammation that is a part of eczema. It can both lessen the itch and help boost the body’s bacteria-fighting abilities. […] Phototherapy often provides relief from the itching, swelling and tenderness of eczema, with fewer potential side effects than some other treatments.

• #17 Effective Eczema Treatments | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/treatment/

  OTC eczema remedies are topical and oral medications you can buy without a prescription. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decides whether a medicine is safe enough to sell over the counter. […] To help combat itch and curb inflammation if you have allergies, a healthcare provider may suggest antihistamines. […] Topical OTC hydrocortisone is a low potency steroid and works on the skin by reducing irritation, itching and inflammation. […] Topical treatments, or topicals, for eczema are medications that are applied to the skin to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. […] Aryl hydrocarbon receptors work by specifically binding to and activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to downregulate inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress and increase expression of proteins involved in skin barrier function.

• #18 Atopic eczema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/atopic-eczema/

  Emollients are moisturising treatments applied directly to the skin to reduce water loss and cover it with a protective film. […] If your skin is sore and inflamed, your pharmacist may recommend a topical corticosteroid (applied directly to your skin), which can reduce the inflammation within a few days. […] Antihistamines are a type of medicine that blocks the effects of a substance in the blood called histamine. They can help relieve the itching associated with atopic eczema. […] In some cases, your GP may prescribe special medicated bandages, clothing or wet wraps to wear over areas of skin affected by eczema. […] Corticosteroid tablets are rarely used to treat atopic eczema nowadays, but may occasionally be prescribed for short periods of 5 to 7 days to help bring particularly severe flare-ups under control. […] In some cases, your GP may refer you to a specialist in treating skin conditions (dermatologist).

• #18 Atopic eczema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/atopic-eczema/

  There is currently no cure for atopic eczema, but treatment can help relieve the symptoms and many cases improve over time. […] Many different treatments can be used to control symptoms and manage eczema, including: self care techniques, such as reducing scratching and avoiding triggers, emollients (moisturising treatments) used on a daily basis for dry skin, topical corticosteroids used to reduce swelling, redness and itching during flare-ups. […] The main treatments for atopic eczema are: emollients (moisturisers) used every day to stop the skin becoming dry, topical corticosteroids creams and ointments used to reduce swelling and redness during flare-ups. […] Other treatments include topical pimecrolimus or tacrolimus for eczema in sensitive sites not responding to simpler treatment, antihistamines for severe itching, bandages or special body suits to allow the body to heal underneath, or more powerful treatments offered by a dermatologist (skin specialist).

• #19 Dupilumab – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/treatments-for-eczema/dupilumab/

  Dupilumab, also known as Dupixent, is a treatment for moderate to severe atopic eczema (also known as atopic dermatitis) in adults and children aged 12 years and older. Its also used to treat severe atopic eczema in children aged 6 months to 11 years. Dupilumab is a type of biologic drug called a monoclonal antibody. These target specific proteins or receptors in the body, to regulate the immune response or interfere with disease processes. Dupilumab was the first monoclonal antibody approved for treating eczema in the UK, in 2018. […] Dupilumab works by targeting and blocking two specific proteins in the immune system called interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13). IL-4 and IL-13 both play a role in the development and progression of eczema. […] Clinical trials of dupilumab in adults and children have shown that it significantly reduces eczema severity compared with placebo (a dummy drug) as well as a rapid reduction in itch and an improvement in sleep and quality of life.

• #19 Dupilumab – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/treatments-for-eczema/dupilumab/

  Yes. Dupilumab is approved for routine use by the NHS in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. […] DupiIumab is licensed for the treatment of adults and children aged 12-17 with moderate to severe atopic eczema and children with severe atopic eczema aged between 6 months and 11 years, who would otherwise be possible candidates for systemic immunosuppressive drugs. […] If you think you might be eligible for dupilumab, speak to your dermatologist about the possibility of trying it. […] Dupilumab is given by injection under the skin once every two weeks in adults and children aged 12 years and older, and once every four weeks in children aged 6 months to 11 years. […] Dupilumab is an ongoing treatment rather than a treatment that is used for a fixed amount of time. […] Yes, patients taking dupilumab will be expected to use emollients and topical steroids to manage their eczema alongside dupilumab.

• #20 DUPIXENT® (dupilumab) for Moderate-to-Severe Eczema that is Uncontrolled

  https://www.dupixent.com/atopicdermatitis/

  DUPIXENT treats adults and children 6 months of age and older with moderate-to-severe eczema that is not well controlled with topical prescription therapies. […] DUPIXENT is the only FDA-approved biologic for treating uncontrolled moderate-to-severe eczema in BOTH children as young as 6 months and adults. […] DUPIXENT works differently by targeting a key source of inflammation inside the body/under the skin that can cause eczema. It continuously treats eczema, even between flare-ups, helping you stay ahead of your symptoms. […] DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids. […] DUPIXENT is a prescription medicine used to treat adults and children 6 months of age and older with moderate-to-severe eczema (atopic dermatitis or AD) that is not well controlled with prescription therapies used on the skin (topical), or who cannot use topical therapies.

• #21 Atopic Dermatitis: Which Treatments Work Best?

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/features/atopicd-skin-treatments

  Abrocitinib (Cibinqo). This oral medication is a type of drug known as a JAK inhibitor. […] Dupilumab (Dupixent). This new lab-made medication can lessen inflammation, itching, how severe the disease is, and how far it has spread. […] Tralokinumab-ldrm (Adbry). This is a biologic drug made in a lab from living organisms or products that come from living organisms. […] Upacitinib (Rinvoq). Another JAK inhibitor, upacitinib, is approved for children aged 12 and up and adults when other treatments dont control their AD. […] These treatments may help ease your symptoms: […] Mind-body practices. Stress can worsen atopic dermatitis, Patel says. […] Massage therapy. Massage is known to relieve stress, so it may cut back on flares. […] Coconut oil. Studies suggest applying coconut oil to your skin may lower staph bacteria and help prevent infection.

• #21 Atopic Dermatitis: Which Treatments Work Best?

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/features/atopicd-skin-treatments

  There are many tools to treat atopic dermatitis (AD), both over-the-counter and prescription. You can try ointments and creams, or your doctor might suggest light therapy, or medications you take by mouth or get as a shot. […] There are constantly new treatments arising for atopic dermatitis that help lessen the burden and make treatment more effective, says Geeta Patel, DO, founder of River Oaks Dermatology in Houston. […] Topical steroids are currently the mainstay of treatment, but theyre not always the most effective, she says. What works well for one person doesnt always work well for another. It may take time to find the right treatment. […] Mild atopic dermatitis usually involves topical therapy, Patel says. If you have mild AD, your doctor may recommend one of these topical treatments:

• #21 Atopic Dermatitis: Which Treatments Work Best?

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/features/atopicd-skin-treatments

  Topical steroids. These creams or ointments relieve itch and ease inflammation. You put them on red or inflamed skin. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors. These creams and ointments have drugs that target your immune system to suppress inflammation locally and ease symptoms of itching in mild to moderate AD. […] Topical PDE4 inhibitors. These topical medications put the brakes on inflammation by blocking PDE4, an enzyme that triggers it. […] If you have moderate or severe AD, your doctor may recommend: […] Wet wrap therapy. With this treatment, you wrap the affected skin with wet bandages after you apply moisturizers or topical corticosteroids. […] Oral medications. If creams dont work, your doctor may recommend oral medication. […] Ultraviolet light or phototherapy. Light therapy is often used to treat severe eczema that doesnt respond to creams, Patel says.

• #22 NEMLUVIO® for Prurigo Nodularis and Atopic Dermatitis

  https://www.nemluvio.com/

  Approved for eczema (atopic dermatitis) and prurigo nodularis. […] NEMLUVIO (nemolizumab-ilto) is a prescription medicine used to treat adults and children 12 years of age and older with moderate-to-severe eczema (atopic dermatitis or AD) in combination with prescription therapies used on the skin (topical) when the eczema is not well controlled by topical therapies alone. […] It is not known if NEMLUVIO is safe and effective in children with atopic dermatitis under 12 years of age. […] NEMLUVIO may cause serious side effects, including: allergic reactions (hypersensitivity). […] The most common side effects of NEMLUVIO include: Eczema: headache, joint pain, hives (itchy red rash or wheals), and muscle aches. […] Prurigo Nodularis: headache and skin rashes: atopic dermatitis (a type of eczema), eczema, and eczema nummular (scattered circular patches).

• #23 RINVOQ® (upadacitinib) for Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

  https://www.rinvoq.com/atopic-dermatitis

  RINVOQ is a prescription medicine used to treat adults and children 12 years of age and older with moderate to severe eczema (atopic dermatitis) that did not respond to previous treatment and their eczema is not well controlled with other pills or injections, including biologic medicines, or the use of other pills or injections is not recommended. […] It is not known if RINVOQ is safe and effective in children under 12 years of age with atopic dermatitis. […] RINVOQ may cause serious side effects, including: Serious infections. RINVOQ can lower your ability to fight infections. Serious infections have happened while taking RINVOQ, including tuberculosis (TB) and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses that can spread throughout the body. […] A separation or tear to the lining of the back part of the eye (retinal detachment) has happened in people with atopic dermatitis treated with RINVOQ. Call your HCP right away if you have any sudden changes in your vision during treatment with RINVOQ.

• #24 Treating Atopic Dermatitis – Eczema Society of Canada

  https://eczemahelp.ca/about-eczema/treating-atopic-dermatitis/

  Biologic drugs for atopic dermatitis (AD), e.g., dupilumab (brand name Dupixent), lebrikizumab (brand name Ebglyss) and tralokinumab (brand name Adtralza), are for patients with AD (the most common form of eczema) that is moderate or severe and does not improve enough with topical medications. […] Oral JAK inhibitors, e.g., upadacitinib (brand name Rinvoq) and abrocitinib (brand name Cibinqo), are a new class of medication indicated for the treatment of adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) who are not adequately controlled with a systemic treatment or when use of those therapies is inadvisable.

• #25 Dermatitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352386

  The treatment for dermatitis varies, depending on the cause and your symptoms. If home care steps don’t ease your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe medicine. Possible treatments include: […] Using wet dressings, a medical treatment for severe atopic dermatitis. It involves applying a corticosteroid ointment, wrapping it with wet bandages and topping that with a layer of dry gauze. […] Take a bleach bath. This may help people with severe atopic dermatitis by decreasing the bacteria on the skin. For a dilute bleach bath, add 1/2 cup (118 milliliters) of household bleach, not concentrated bleach, to a 40-gallon (151-liter) bathtub filled with warm water. […] Many alternative therapies, including those listed below, have helped some people manage their dermatitis. […] Taking dietary supplements, such as vitamin D and probiotics, for atopic dermatitis. […] Applying rice bran broth to the skin, for atopic dermatitis.

• #26 Eczema Treatment Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/eczema-treatment

  The two largest American professional associations of allergists and immunologists jointly recommend several types of products for the treatment of eczema, including topical and systemic medications. […] NIAID-supported research on eczema therapeutics currently focuses on topical probiotics medications that use bacteria found on healthy skin to attempt to treat the disease. […] Research in NIAIDs Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology led to the availability in June 2024 of a novel over-the-counter probiotic based on a strain of the bacteria Roseomonas mucosa, which occurs naturally as part of a typical skin microbiome. […] To potentially expand the use of R. mucosa, NIAID launched a clinical trial in 2024 to generate further evidence on its efficacy in reducing eczema symptoms.

• #26 Eczema Treatment Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/eczema-treatment

  In addition, the NIAID-funded Atopic Dermatitis Research Network is preparing to launch a clinical trial in 2025 to assess the safety and efficacy of bacteria found on healthy human skin as a topical therapy for eczema. […] NIAID research has led to the availability of a new over-the-counter topical eczema probiotic. […] The probiotic is based on the discovery by scientists at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, that bacteria present on healthy skin called Roseomonas mucosa can safely relieve eczema symptoms in adults and children. […] An experimental treatment for eczema safely reduced disease severity and increased quality of life for children as young as 3 years old, NIH study shows.

• #27 Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: Challenges and Treatment Strategies

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/atopic-dermatitis-in-adults-challenges-and-treatment-strategies

  A session held at the American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting 2024 highlighted the ways in which atopic dermatitis can be treated and addressed in adults and older adults. […] The basic treatments for AD can be separated into 3 main categories: basic management, prescription topical therapy, and systemic or phototherapy. The first 2 are used for all types of AD severity whereas systemic or phototherapy is more often used in moderate to severe AD. […] Topical treatment, such as steroids, are still a mainstay in AD because of the comfort level from most doctors. […] For moderate to severe AD, biologics like dupilumab and tralokinumab and oral systemic immunomodulators such as abrocitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib are options but are often prescribed off label. […] Combination therapy should also be considered.

• #27 Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: Challenges and Treatment Strategies

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/atopic-dermatitis-in-adults-challenges-and-treatment-strategies

  Silverberg concluded the session by emphasizing that communicating with patients about what their goals are and what they expect out of treatment is crucial to treating AD. […] Treating AD in patients of all ages can be difficult but being able to establish what it is that the doctor is treating and pinpointing which treatment works best and is something the patient is ok with using can make the process easier for both doctor and patient.

• #28 Can anything relieve severe atopic dermatitis?

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/insider/severe-atopic-dermatitis

  If you’re living with severe atopic dermatitis (AD), relief is possible. With help from a board-certified dermatologist, you can get a treatment plan that will help you: […] Each patient with severe AD receives a personalized treatment plan. […] Even for severe AD, treatment often begins with the basics skin care, trigger management, and medication. […] Skin care plays an important role in helping the skin heal. A skin care plan for severe AD often includes baths and moisturizer. […] If you have frequent skin infections, your dermatologist may prescribe bleach baths. […] Moisturizer helps trap water in your skin. Studies show that applying a moisturizer after bathing (within 3 minutes of getting out of the water) and frequently throughout the day can: […] Researchers have found that using moisturizer frequently can reduce severe eczema. It may also reduce the need for medication.

• #28 Can anything relieve severe atopic dermatitis?

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/insider/severe-atopic-dermatitis

  Knowing your triggers and avoiding them can help prevent AD from flaring. A board-certified dermatologist can help you find your triggers and offer tips for avoiding them. […] Patients with severe AD often need medication along with skin care and trigger avoidance to get relief. […] For treatment to work, you must follow your treatment plan. […] If you have severe AD, stronger medication may be required. One option for treating severe AD is light treatments. […] A treatment plan for severe AD can have many parts. A board-certified dermatologist can tailor a treatment plan to meet your needs. While that may not completely eliminate severe AD, it can help you feel better.

• #29 Facial eczema – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/facial-eczema/

  Atopic eczema is the most common form of eczema in childhood. The cheeks are one of the first parts of the body to be affected by infantile eczema, and this usually occurs within the first few months of life. […] Adults with atopic eczema often have facial involvement, which can be a persistent area of eczema, and often related to contact dermatitis. […] Eczema on the face requires careful treatment as facial skin is more easily irritated by and vulnerable to the side effects of topical therapy. It is important to consider the possibility of an allergic contact dermatitis in anyone with a persistent facial eczema, even if they have a long-standing, in-built eczema tendency. […] In general, treatment of facial eczema involves avoiding further irritation caused by cosmetics and toiletries, switching to a gentle regimen of skin cleansing, and actively treating the eczema with emollients and anti-inflammatory therapy (topical steroids for flares and topical calcineurin inhibitors for longer-term treatment and maintenance).

• #30 Home treatment and remedies for eczema (atopic dermatitis)

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324228

  Natural remedies, such as aloe vera gel, honey, and acupressure, may help manage eczema. […] People cannot cure eczema permanently, but home remedies and natural treatments can soothe the dry, itchy skin it can cause. […] A 2017 systematic review looked at the effects of aloe vera on human health. The researchers reported that the gel: has antibacterial properties, has antimicrobial properties, can help bolster the immune system, can help heal wounds. […] The National Eczema Association (NEA) reports that apple cider vinegar could help with eczema. […] Although it may sound dangerous, research suggests that a mild bleach bath may help ease eczema symptoms because of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. […] A 2015 study found that colloidal oatmeal lotion had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which resulted in reductions in: dryness, scaling, roughness, itch intensity.

• #30 Home treatment and remedies for eczema (atopic dermatitis)

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324228

  Bathing provides the skin with essential moisture and is an important part of eczema treatment. […] Coconut oil contains beneficial fatty acids that can add moisture to the skin, which can help people with dry skin and eczema. […] Honey is a natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent, and people have used it to heal wounds for centuries. […] A 2012 review states that the oil has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties. […] Eczema is an inflammatory condition that causes inflamed, sore skin. […] Stress is a common trigger for eczema flares. […] Eczema does not yet have a cure, but people can often manage their symptoms with home remedies, including natural gels and oils, therapeutic baths, and dietary changes. […] If eczema is severe or does not respond to home treatments, a person may want to consult a doctor. People should always seek prompt medical attention if a child or baby develops a new rash. […] A doctor may prescribe steroid creams or other prescription medications to treat the inflammation.

• #31 Alternative Treatments | AAP

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/atopic-dermatitis/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis/alternative-treatments/?srsltid=AfmBOoqjmNx6JXjAeAgeWPvoAEVL9wasi7fKB9dV2S4VfOSvjNghCc_q

  To date, research into alternate treatment shows that Chinese herbal medicine (oral or topical) is ineffective. […] Dietary supplements (fish oil, zinc, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin E, pyridoxine [vitamin B6], sea buckthorn oil, hempseed oil, sunflower oil) showed no convincing evidence of improving atopic dermatitis, although these supplements appear to be safe. […] Topical application of borage oil or evening primrose oil did not improve atopic dermatitis over placebo. […] Progressive muscle relaxation improved pruritus and associated loss of sleep in patients with atopic dermatitis in one controlled trial with 25 patients. […] Additionally, a 2022 literature review of psychotherapeutic approaches concluded that alternative treatment options (eg, meditation, mindfulness, stress reduction) that address psychological factors associated with eczema are helpful adjuncts to conventional therapy.

• #31 Alternative Treatments | AAP

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/atopic-dermatitis/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis/alternative-treatments/?srsltid=AfmBOoqjmNx6JXjAeAgeWPvoAEVL9wasi7fKB9dV2S4VfOSvjNghCc_q

  In at least one study it was shown to improve the skin barrier function of people with atopic dermatitis. […] Colloidal oatmeal appears to have anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair properties. […] Used in lukewarm water, in a bath of short duration, colloidal oatmeal has been shown to improve atopic dermatitis symptoms, including itch, in children and adults. […] The National Eczema Association suggests making a paste or bath of baking soda to soothe itch. […] In a 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis, for those with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, 1 in 10 patients showed a 50% improvement in severity scores.

• #32 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis.html

  There is no cure for eczema. But treatments can help with symptoms. The doctor will recommend different treatments based on how severe the symptoms are, the child’s age, and where the rash is. Some are „topical” and applied to the skin. Others are taken by mouth. […] Topical moisturizers. Skin should be moisturized often (ideally, two or three times a day). The best time to apply moisturizer is after a bath or shower, with the skin patted dry gently. Ointments (such as petroleum jelly) and creams are best because they contain a lot of oil. Lotions have too much water to be as helpful. […] Topical corticosteroids, also called cortisone or steroid creams or ointments. These ease skin inflammation. (These aren’t the same as steroids used by some athletes.) It’s important not to use a topical steroid prescribed for someone else. These creams and ointments vary in strength, and using the wrong strength in sensitive areas can damage the skin, especially in infants.

• #32 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis.html

  Other topical anti-inflammatory medicines. These include medicines that change the way the skin’s immune system reacts. […] Medicine taken by mouth. These can include antihistamines (anti-allergy medicine) to help itchy kids sleep better at night, antibiotics if a rash gets infected by bacteria, and corticosteroid pills or other medicines that suppress the immune system. […] Other types of treatment a doctor might recommend can include: phototherapy: treatment with ultraviolet light, wet wraps: damp cloths placed on irritated areas of skin, bleach baths: bathing in very diluted bleach solution.

• #33 Atopic Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049085-overview

  Agents typically used to treat AD include the following: […] Other treatments that have been tried include the following: […] Nonmedical measures that may be helpful include the following: […] Treatment and maintenance regimens should be frequently reinforced with patients. Patients may be advised to contact the National Eczema Association for Science and Education at 4460 Redwood Hwy, Suite 16-D, San Rafael, CA 94903-1953. […] Patients should be informed that although treatment of this skin condition does not produce cure, good itch control can be achieved […] A randomized controlled trial by Armstrong et al demonstrated improved patient education and clinical outcome in patients who watched a video on AD as compared with patients who received a pamphlet.

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