Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/symptoms-causes/syc-20353273

  Atopic dermatitis can cause a very itchy rash. Atopic dermatitis most often occurs where the skin flexes inside the elbows, behind the knees and in front of the neck. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It’s common in young children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare sometimes. It can be irritating but it’s not contagious. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) symptoms can appear anywhere on the body and vary widely from person to person. They may include: Dry, cracked skin, Itchiness (pruritus), Rash on swollen skin that varies in color depending on your skin color, Small, raised bumps, on brown or Black skin, Oozing and crusting, Thickened skin, Darkening of the skin around the eyes, Raw, sensitive skin from scratching.

• #2 Atopic eczema – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/atopic-eczema/

  Atopic eczema can make your skin: itchy, dry, cracked, crusty, scaly or thickened, red, white, purple or grey, or lighter or darker than the skin around it (depending on your skin tone), blister or bleed. […] Symptoms can start at any age, but they usually start in babies and young children and tend to get better as they get older. […] There are usually times where your symptoms get worse (called flare-ups) and times where they are better. […] There’s currently no cure for atopic eczema, although the symptoms tend to get better as you get older. […] There are treatments that can help manage it and improve your symptoms.

• #3 Atopic dermatitis (Atopic Eczema): Symptoms and Causes — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/atopic-dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis, also called atopic eczema, the most common inflammatory skin disease worldwide, presents as generalised skin dryness, itch, and rash. […] The clinical phenotype of atopic dermatitis can vary greatly, but is characterised by remission and relapse with acute flares on a background of chronic dermatitis. […] Acute dermatitis is red (erythematous), weeping/crusted (exudative) and may have blisters (vesicles or bullae). Over time the dermatitis becomes chronic and the skin becomes less red but thickened (lichenified) and scaly. Cracking of the skin (fissures) can occur. […] Atopic dermatitis affects 15-20% of children and is less common in adults. Sensitive skin persists lifelong. It is impossible to predict whether atopic dermatitis will improve by itself or not in an individual. A meta-analysis including over 110,000 subjects found that 20% of children with atopic dermatitis had persistent disease 8 years later; fewer than 5% had persistent disease 20 years later. Children who developed atopic dermatitis before the age of 2 years had a lower risk of persistent disease than those who developed atopic dermatitis later in childhood or adolescence. […] Atopic dermatitis is typically worst between the ages of two and four years, and often improves or even clears after this. However, atopic dermatitis may be aggravated or reappear in adult life due to exposure to irritants or allergens related to caregiving, domestic duties, or certain occupations.

• #4 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/symptoms-causes/syc-20353273

  Atopic dermatitis can cause a very itchy rash. Atopic dermatitis most often occurs where the skin flexes inside the elbows, behind the knees and in front of the neck. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It’s common in young children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare sometimes. It can be irritating but it’s not contagious. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) symptoms can appear anywhere on the body and vary widely from person to person. They may include: Dry, cracked skin, Itchiness (pruritus), Rash on swollen skin that varies in color depending on your skin color, Small, raised bumps, on brown or Black skin, Oozing and crusting, Thickened skin, Darkening of the skin around the eyes, Raw, sensitive skin from scratching.

• #5 Atopic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24299-atopic-dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis is a chronic (long-lasting) condition that causes dry, itchy and discolored patches of skin. It affects both children and adults and can flare up or come and go throughout your life. […] Common atopic dermatitis symptoms may include: A skin rash, Dry or cracked skin, Itchy skin (can be severe), Red, purple, brown or gray skin discoloration, Small, fluid-filled bumps or crusting, Swelling. […] Symptoms can vary significantly from person to person. Its common for atopic dermatitis to develop in areas where your skin bends or flexes, like behind your knees or on the inside of your elbow. But rashes can occur anywhere on your skin. Symptoms range from mild to severe. […] Atopic dermatitis symptoms may come and go throughout your life. But the condition doesnt go away completely.

• #6 About Eczema: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/

  Eczema almost always includes itchy skin. For many people, the itch can range from mild to moderate. Sometimes the itch gets so bad that people scratch it until it bleeds. This is called the itch-scratch cycle. […] Symptoms of eczema often include: Itchy skin, Dry skin, Rash, Inflamed skin, Discolored skin, Rough, leathery skin, Scaly patches, Oozing or crusting skin, Swelling. […] The exact cause of eczema is unknown. In fact, each type of eczema can have different causes. Some of the most common causes are: A family history of eczema, Being exposed to certain environmental triggers, Stress, A combination of these triggers. […] In general with eczema, when an irritant or an allergen from outside or inside the body switches on the immune system, it produces inflammation. It is this inflammation that causes the symptoms common to most types of eczema.

• #7 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/symptoms

  Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is often called the itch that rashes. This description explains what happens when the condition begins. It tends to start suddenly with very itchy skin. Scratching the itchy skin often causes a rash. […] Once atopic dermatitis begins, you may notice one or more of the following: Itchy skin, Dry, scaly areas, Red rash (especially on lighter skin tones), Small, rough bumps (more common in darker skin tones), Dark brown, purple, or grayish areas of skin (darker skin tones), Skin feels warm and maybe swollen (inflammation), Scratch marks, Raw skin from scratching, Bumps or rashes leaking fluid, Blisters that ooze and crust over, After healing, skin may be lighter or darker where you had atopic dermatitis. […] Flare-ups can come and go for years. While the skin is healing in one area, flare-ups may occur in other areas. The flare-ups can also occur in the same place again and again.

• #8 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis, often referred to as eczema, is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that causes inflammation, redness, and irritation of the skin. […] Atopic dermatitis causes the skin to become extremely itchy. Scratching leads to further redness, swelling, cracking, weeping clear fluid, crusting, and scaling. In most cases, there are periods of time when the disease is worse, called flares, followed by periods when the skin improves or clears up entirely, called remissions. […] The most common symptom of atopic dermatitis is itching, which can be severe. Other common symptoms include: Red, dry patches of skin. Rashes that that may ooze, weep clear fluid, or bleed when scratched. Thickening and hardening of the skin. […] The symptoms can flare in multiple areas of the body at the same time and can appear in the same locations and in new locations. The appearance and location of the rash vary depending on age; however, the rash can appear anywhere on the body.

• #9 Atopic eczema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/atopic-eczema/

  Atopic eczema causes areas of skin to become itchy, dry, cracked, sore and red. […] There will usually be periods where the symptoms improve, followed by periods where they get worse (flare-ups). Flare-ups may occur as often as 2 or 3 times a month. […] The severity of atopic eczema can vary a lot from person to person. People with mild eczema may only have small areas of dry skin that are occasionally itchy. In more severe cases, atopic eczema can cause widespread red, inflamed skin all over the body and constant itching. […] Scratching can disrupt your sleep, make your skin bleed, and cause secondary infections. It can also make itching worse, and a cycle of itching and regular scratching may develop. This can lead to sleepless nights and difficulty concentrating at school or work.

• #10 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  Eczema is actually a collection of seven different skin disorders, The most common is called atopic dermatitis (sometimes called atopic eczema). It is a skin condition characterized by skin inflammation. This inflammation leads to itchy patches of skin with flaking, cracking, swelling, oozing, crusting, dryness, pain and sensitivity. Symptoms can come and go. They can occur in different stages in some patients. […] Common eczema symptoms include: itchy skin, redness on light skin; purple, brown or ashen gray in people of color, flaking skin, scaly skin, cracking skin, swelling skin, open oozing skin, crusting on skin, dry skin, sensitive skin. And those with severe eczema may experience any or all of these symptoms most days of the week. […] People with severe eczema (or severe atopic dermatitis) may experience periods of intense skin itching or burning sensation. They may even feel like they are being poked with needles. Those with the most severe forms may experience these symptoms daily.

• #11 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  During infancy and up to 2 years of age, it is most common for a red rash, which may ooze when scratched, to appear on the: Face. Scalp. Area of skin around joints that touch when the joint bends. […] During childhood, usually 2 years of age to puberty, it is most common for a red thickened rash, which may ooze or bleed when scratched, to appear on the: Elbows and knees, usually in the bend. Neck. Ankles. […] During the teenage and adult years, it is most common for a red to dark brown scaly rash, which may bleed and crust when scratched, to appear on the: Hands. Neck. Elbows and knees, usually in the bend. Skin around the eyes. Ankles and feet. […] Other common skin features of atopic dermatitis include: An extra fold of skin under the eye, which is known as a Dennie-Morgan fold. Darkening of the skin beneath the eyes. Extra skin creases on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

• #12 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis.html

  Eczema is a condition where the skin gets irritated, red, dry, bumpy, and itchy. There are several types of eczema, but the most common is atopic dermatitis. To many people, „eczema” and „atopic dermatitis” mean the same thing. […] The signs of eczema (EG-zeh-muh): are mainly dry, itchy skin. Because it is so itchy, it is often called „the itch that rashes.” […] Symptoms can vary: In infants younger than 1 year old, eczema usually is on their cheeks, forehead, or scalp. It may spread to the knees, elbows, and trunk (but not usually the diaper area). […] Older kids and teens usually get the rash in the bends of the elbows, behind the knees, on the neck, or on the inner wrists and ankles. Their skin is often scalier and drier than when the eczema first began. It also can be thicker, darker, or scarred from all the scratching (called lichenification). […] For many kids, eczema begins to improve by the age of 5 or 6. Sometimes it goes away. In other kids, it may start again as they enter puberty. Some people still have eczema as adults, with areas of itching that look dry and scaly.

• #13 Eczema | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/eczema/

  Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a skin disease that causes an itchy rash. […] Eczema, also known as “atopic dermatitis,” is a noncontagious, inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by severe itching, redness, oozing, and scaly rashes. These symptoms can be painful, and can cause changes in skin color and blisters. […] Eczema most commonly shows up before the age of 5, but adolescents and adults can also develop the condition. […] Adult eczema is a chronic condition that involves inflamed, red, itchy patches of skin that can erupt in oozing flare-ups. […] Symptoms of eczema include: A red rash or red patches of skin, especially inside the folds of the elbows and knees, Itching, Dry skin, which can crack and possibly bleed. […] The location of eczema may change with age. In infants and young children, eczema is usually located on the cheeks, outside of the elbows and on the knees. In older children and adults, eczema is typically on the hands and feet, the arms and on the back of knees.

• #14 Eczema Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/dermatology/eczema/symptoms

  Symptoms of eczema vary from one person to another and can change as a person ages. Babies and young children generally have eczema on their elbows, knees, scalp and faces. Older children and adults often have eczema on the hands, feet, arms, and the back of the knees. Symptoms may include: Dry, scaly patches […] Red bumps with drainage and scabbing […] Skin thickening […] Redness and swelling of the skin […] Large areas of discoloration of the skin […] Sensitivity and tenderness […] Infection when scratching breaks the skin. Atopic dermatitis is a long-term (chronic) skin condition. It causes itchy skin. Its a very common condition. Its more common in babies and children, but also occurs in adults. It usually first appears between ages 3 to 6 months.

• #15 Eczema Stages: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/eczema-stages-1069256

  Eczema (atopic dermatitis) has three stages: acute, subacute (healing stage), and chronic. Each eczema stage has unique symptoms, though the most familiar is a red, scaly, blistered rash. The irritation can appear on any part of the body but most often breaks out around the eyes or on the hands, neck, elbows, knees, ankles, or feet. […] The acute stage of eczema can cause: Bumps, Extreme redness, Fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) that may ooze, Intense itching, Pain, Swelling, Tenderness. […] The subacute stage is in the „middle” of the progression, but eczema can also start at this stage. Long-lasting subacute rashes can also become chronic. […] During the subacute stage, eczema can cause: Cracks in the skin, Flaky, scaly skin, Itching, burning, and/or stinging, Redness that can be less intense than the acute stage but is not always.

• #16 Acute eczema: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/acute-eczema

  As skin lesions from acute eczema heal, they may become subacute. […] Eczema does not always, or even typically, progress from acute to subacute to chronic in order. The condition can revert to acute, remain subacute, or may progress to chronic and become long lasting. […] Acute eczema is usually the phase in which a person first notices signs and symptoms of the condition. These typically include an itchy rash. […] Eczema may progress into the subacute phase, during which itching may become less intense. Alternatively, eczema may advance into the chronic phase, which is long lasting and can produce more severe symptoms.

• #17 Acute eczema: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/acute-eczema

  Acute eczema is the beginning phase of the skin condition. It may be the first time a person notices symptoms, such as itchy lesions with scaly patches. […] This is the beginning phase of eczema, which doctors call atopic dermatitis, in which noticeable symptoms first appear. […] During this early phase, a person may develop an itchy rash. […] Symptoms may be mild during the acute phase and gradually worsen into the subacute and chronic phases. […] Eczema symptoms almost always include itching skin, called pruritus, which can range from mild to severe. […] A person can also have all or a few of the following symptoms: dry skin, swelling, inflamed and discolored skin, oozing, weeping, and crusting, thick, leathery, rough skin, scaly patches, blistering. […] The rash can appear red on lighter skin, while in darker skin tones, the lesions may appear purple, gray, or brown and include dry, scaly patches.

• #18 Eczema Stages: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/eczema-stages-1069256

  Eczema (atopic dermatitis) has three stages: acute, subacute (healing stage), and chronic. Each eczema stage has unique symptoms, though the most familiar is a red, scaly, blistered rash. The irritation can appear on any part of the body but most often breaks out around the eyes or on the hands, neck, elbows, knees, ankles, or feet. […] The acute stage of eczema can cause: Bumps, Extreme redness, Fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) that may ooze, Intense itching, Pain, Swelling, Tenderness. […] The subacute stage is in the „middle” of the progression, but eczema can also start at this stage. Long-lasting subacute rashes can also become chronic. […] During the subacute stage, eczema can cause: Cracks in the skin, Flaky, scaly skin, Itching, burning, and/or stinging, Redness that can be less intense than the acute stage but is not always.

• #19 Stages of Atopic Dermatitis: What Do They Mean?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/eczema/stages-of-atopic-dermatitis/

  Atopic dermatitis, the most common type of eczema, has three distinct stages: acute, subacute, and chronic. […] Symptoms are heightened during the acute stage due to increased inflammation in the body, Dr. Karagounis says. While symptoms vary from person to person, they may include the following: Intense itching, Small, rough bumps (especially in darker skin tones), Extreme redness (especially in lighter skin tones) or areas that are dark brown, gray, or purple (especially in darker skin tones), Warm and swollen skin, Fluid-filled blisters that ooze and form a crust. […] After the acute stage, people with atopic dermatitis often move into the subacute stage. […] During the subacute stage, according to Karagounis and research, you may notice these symptoms: Some dryness, flaking, or scaling, Lessened itching, Sensitivity to touch, Lessened redness or discoloration.

• #20 Eczema Stages: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/eczema-stages-1069256

  Eczema (atopic dermatitis) has three stages: acute, subacute (healing stage), and chronic. Each eczema stage has unique symptoms, though the most familiar is a red, scaly, blistered rash. The irritation can appear on any part of the body but most often breaks out around the eyes or on the hands, neck, elbows, knees, ankles, or feet. […] The acute stage of eczema can cause: Bumps, Extreme redness, Fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) that may ooze, Intense itching, Pain, Swelling, Tenderness. […] The subacute stage is in the „middle” of the progression, but eczema can also start at this stage. Long-lasting subacute rashes can also become chronic. […] During the subacute stage, eczema can cause: Cracks in the skin, Flaky, scaly skin, Itching, burning, and/or stinging, Redness that can be less intense than the acute stage but is not always.

• #21 Stages of Atopic Dermatitis: What Do They Mean?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/eczema/stages-of-atopic-dermatitis/

  Atopic dermatitis, the most common type of eczema, has three distinct stages: acute, subacute, and chronic. […] Symptoms are heightened during the acute stage due to increased inflammation in the body, Dr. Karagounis says. While symptoms vary from person to person, they may include the following: Intense itching, Small, rough bumps (especially in darker skin tones), Extreme redness (especially in lighter skin tones) or areas that are dark brown, gray, or purple (especially in darker skin tones), Warm and swollen skin, Fluid-filled blisters that ooze and form a crust. […] After the acute stage, people with atopic dermatitis often move into the subacute stage. […] During the subacute stage, according to Karagounis and research, you may notice these symptoms: Some dryness, flaking, or scaling, Lessened itching, Sensitivity to touch, Lessened redness or discoloration.

• #22 Eczema Stages: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/eczema-stages-1069256

  The symptoms of chronic eczema include: Cracks in the skin, Dark, dull, or discolored skin, Deeper skin lines, Larger areas of skin breakdown (excoriations), Itching, Thickened, leathery-looking skin or lichenification (lichen simplex chronicus). […] Eczema can cause the skin to itch, which can lead to scratching. When clear fluid drains from the skin after itching, it is called weeping eczema. As this fluid dries, it forms a crust on the skin. […] As eczema moves from the acute phase to the sub-acute (healing) phase, the skin might become flaky and dry, with cracks in the skin and decreasing redness. It might burn or sting, but again, symptoms tend to improve during healing.

• #23 Stages of Atopic Dermatitis: What Do They Mean?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/eczema/stages-of-atopic-dermatitis/

  The chronic stage of atopic dermatitis is the most common stage, says Yu. Most of the time, dermatitis is spent in the chronic stage, with various triggers that can bring old or new patches back into the acute stage, Yu says. For people with chronic eczema, flare-ups can last for months. […] The symptoms in this stage differ a bit from those of the acute and subacute stages. According to Yu, they can include the following: Chronic patches of skin that are itchy and slightly redder or more discolored than nonsymptomatic skin, Lichenified skin, meaning the skin lines are accentuated from repeated scratching, A darkening of an area of the skin that has had repeated flare-ups. […] Atopic dermatitis has three stages: acute (flaring), subacute (healing), and chronic (persistent). Symptoms and treatment options for each stage often vary.

• #24 Eczema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | BIODERMA US

  https://www.bioderma.us/en/expert-advice/normal-dry-to-atopic-skin/eczema-causes-symptoms-and-treatment.html

  Eczema has three stages: acute, subacute and chronic. […] Acute eczema is the starting point of the skin condition when the first noticeable symptoms appear such as itchy lesions. […] Subacute happens between acute and chronic eczema. This is a phase when the skin becomes flaky, cracked or even infected. This condition may revert to acute, stay like this or progress to chronic stage. […] Chronic eczema is the phase when itching intensifies, and lesions may spread. The skin is thickening and can be hyperpigmented.

• #25 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353279

  To diagnose atopic dermatitis, your health care provider will likely talk with you about your symptoms, examine your skin and review your medical history. […] Atopic dermatitis can be persistent. You may need to try various treatments over months or years to control it. And even if treatment is successful, symptoms may return (flare). […] Taking care of sensitive skin is the first step in treating atopic dermatitis and preventing flares. To help reduce itching and soothe inflamed skin, try these self-care measures: […] Stress and other emotional disorders can worsen atopic dermatitis. Being aware of stress and anxiety and taking steps to improve your emotional health may help your skin too.

• #26

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/eczema(atopic)/

  Atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) is the most common form of eczema, a condition that causes the skin to become itchy, red, dry and cracked. […] Atopic eczema causes the skin to become itchy, dry, cracked, sore. […] Some people only have small patches of dry skin, but others may experience widespread red, inflamed skin all over the body. […] Although atopic eczema can affect any part of the body, it most often affects the hands, insides of the elbows, backs of the knees and the face and scalp in children. […] People with atopic eczema usually have periods when symptoms are less noticeable, as well as periods when symptoms become more severe (flare up). […] Atopic eczema causes areas of skin to become itchy, dry, red, cracked and sore. […] There are usually periods where the symptoms improve, followed by periods where they get worse (flare-ups). Flare-ups may occur as often as 2 or 3 times a month.

• #27 Flare-ups – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/living-with-eczema/flare-ups/

  When a flare-up strikes it can feel as though youre at the mercy of your eczema, as it becomes increasingly red (or darker than your usual skin tone, depending on skin colour), itchy and sore, due to inflammation. […] Crucially, its vital to nip an eczema flare-up in the bud, before it can progress, to minimise its severity. Left untreated, a flare-up can easily spiral out of control, making it harder to restore your skin to its previous condition. […] During a flare-up its vital to rigorously adhere to your treatment plan, especially if insufficient emollient application was a contributing factor to your skins relapse. […] If a stronger topical steroid was required to get the flare-up under control this will be stepped down, rather than simply stopping it. […] If your eczema doesnt improve after a week, or returns soon after stopping treatment with a topical steroid, you may require a stronger steroid or additional treatment. […] If the eczema gets worse and becomes sore, oozy and crusty then it may have become infected and you should seek medical advice, as it will require additional treatment. […] Flare-ups can vary in severity, appearance and the areas affected so its helpful to chart how yours change over time.

• #28 Understanding Eczema Symptoms & Causes | Eczema Exposed

  https://www.eczemaexposed.com/understanding-eczema

  Atopic dermatitis (eczema) can result in part from an overactive immune system, which can lead to itching and rashes. […] Even when skin looks clear, inflammation is still active under the skin which can lead to flare-ups. […] ATOPIC DERMATITIS IS ECZEMA THAT KEEPS COMING BACK, AND IT IS A CHRONIC CONDITION. […] For some, atopic dermatitis occurs as flare-ups that occur several times a year, however, others may always show signs of the disease on their skin. […] The most obvious sign of atopic dermatitis is dry, itchy skin. Flare-ups are different for every person and can appear all over the body. Some other common external symptoms include: Red, grey, brown or purple rash (depending on skin tone), Oozing, Swelling, Scaly areas, Crusting, Thick skin. […] Atopic dermatitis is an immunological disease, which means it involves the immune system. With atopic dermatitis, the immune system is overly active and your skin barrier is weakened. This can cause your skin to react to even mild irritants or allergens. Rashes and itch on your skin are signs and symptoms of inflammation that’s always active underneath the skin.

• #29 About Eczema: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/

  Some types of eczema, such as atopic dermatitis, may be caused by various factors including: A weakened skin barrier (or the outer protective layer of the skin), An overactive immune system that leads to inflammation, Environmental triggers, Genetics. […] Stress is a known trigger for eczema flares. When under stress, the body releases cortisol, a hormone that can contribute directly to skin barrier dysfunction, dysregulated inflammation and an increased risk for infections. This can lead to worsened symptoms and eczema flares.

• #30 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  Severe eczema is an inflammatory skin condition that is caused by an overactive immune system. It can be worsened by environmental triggers, including: Allergens (pets, food, environmental, chemicals etc.), Bacterial, viral or fungal infections, Skin irritants and allergens, Dry skin, Dust Mites, Hormones, Extreme temperatures (both hot and cold) and humidity, Stress, Tobacco smoke. […] Severe eczema in and of itself is not dangerous. But the side effects can be. Eczema is known for the itch scratch cycle. Itching causes scratching which causes inflammation which causes more itching. And the more you itch, the more your skin gets irritated and may crack and bleed and ooze. And now you have a compromised skin barrier where germs can get in and lead to a skin infection. If an infection spreads, it can be very dangerous, especially if you have a compromised immune system.

• #31 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/treatment

  While a dermatologist tailors each treatment plan to a patient’s individual needs, most treatment plans include one or more of the following: A skin care plan for atopic dermatitis involves: Bathing, Applying moisturizer, Being gentle with your skin. […] Occasionally, dermatologists recommend wet wrap therapy. Wet wrap therapy can help the skin absorb medication and keep the skin hydrated. This, in turn, can reduce flare-ups. The wraps also protect the skin from scratching. […] Atopic dermatitis can make the skin very sensitive and very reactive. Things that your skin touches can cause flare-ups. Anything that causes atopic dermatitis to flare is known as a trigger. […] Common triggers include skin care products, weather (cold or hot), wool clothing, stress, perfumes, and washing clothes in laundry detergent that contains fragrance.

• #32 Flare-ups – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/living-with-eczema/flare-ups/

  When a flare-up strikes it can feel as though youre at the mercy of your eczema, as it becomes increasingly red (or darker than your usual skin tone, depending on skin colour), itchy and sore, due to inflammation. […] Crucially, its vital to nip an eczema flare-up in the bud, before it can progress, to minimise its severity. Left untreated, a flare-up can easily spiral out of control, making it harder to restore your skin to its previous condition. […] During a flare-up its vital to rigorously adhere to your treatment plan, especially if insufficient emollient application was a contributing factor to your skins relapse. […] If a stronger topical steroid was required to get the flare-up under control this will be stepped down, rather than simply stopping it. […] If your eczema doesnt improve after a week, or returns soon after stopping treatment with a topical steroid, you may require a stronger steroid or additional treatment. […] If the eczema gets worse and becomes sore, oozy and crusty then it may have become infected and you should seek medical advice, as it will require additional treatment. […] Flare-ups can vary in severity, appearance and the areas affected so its helpful to chart how yours change over time.

• #33 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  Complications of atopic dermatitis can happen. They include: Bacterial skin infections that can worsen from scratching. These are common and may make the disease harder to control. Viral skin infections like warts or cold sores. Sleep loss that can lead to behavior issues in children. Hand eczema (hand dermatitis). Eye problems such as: Conjunctivitis (pink eye), which causes swelling and redness in the inside of your eyelid and the white part of your eye. Blepharitis, which causes general inflammation and redness of your eyelid.

• #34 Eczema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538209/

  Acutely, the eczematous rash is intensely pruritic with erythematous papules and excoriations. With continued itching and rubbing, the skin starts to thicken; on physical exam, there may be lichenification (thickening of the skin with exaggeration of the typical skin markings due to scratching or rubbing). […] Most children will outgrow eczema, and their symptoms will be resolved by adulthood. However, children with the already persistent disease, later onset, or more severe disease have increased persistence. […] Due to the dysfunctional skin barrier seen in eczema, patients are at increased risk for infection from bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. About 10% of healthy individuals are colonized with S. aureus compared with over 90% of patients with eczema. The density of S. aureus colonization correlates with the severity of dermatitis.

• #35 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  Complications of atopic dermatitis can happen. They include: Bacterial skin infections that can worsen from scratching. These are common and may make the disease harder to control. Viral skin infections like warts or cold sores. Sleep loss that can lead to behavior issues in children. Hand eczema (hand dermatitis). Eye problems such as: Conjunctivitis (pink eye), which causes swelling and redness in the inside of your eyelid and the white part of your eye. Blepharitis, which causes general inflammation and redness of your eyelid.

• #36 Eczema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538209/

  Acutely, the eczematous rash is intensely pruritic with erythematous papules and excoriations. With continued itching and rubbing, the skin starts to thicken; on physical exam, there may be lichenification (thickening of the skin with exaggeration of the typical skin markings due to scratching or rubbing). […] Most children will outgrow eczema, and their symptoms will be resolved by adulthood. However, children with the already persistent disease, later onset, or more severe disease have increased persistence. […] Due to the dysfunctional skin barrier seen in eczema, patients are at increased risk for infection from bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. About 10% of healthy individuals are colonized with S. aureus compared with over 90% of patients with eczema. The density of S. aureus colonization correlates with the severity of dermatitis.

• #37 Eczema (atopic dermatitis) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eczema-atopic-dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic, inherited, inflammatory skin condition with symptoms including areas of dry, itching and reddened skin. […] Patches of skin become red, scaly and itchy. Sometimes, tiny blisters containing clear fluid can form and the affected areas of skin can weep. […] Eczema can vary in severity and symptoms may flare up or subside from day to day. […] The physical effects of eczema can include: skin dryness, red and scaly areas on the front of the elbows and the back of the knees, watery fluid weeping from affected skin, itchiness, lesions (sores) that may become infected by bacteria or viruses. […] Skin affected by eczema is more vulnerable to a range of infections, including impetigo, cold sores and warts. […] An intact skin surface is our best defence against skin infections. This is why a person with eczema is prone to bacterial and viral infections, including: Staphylococcus aureus causes impetigo. This thrives on skin affected by eczema. Infection causes inflamed blisters that pop, weep and form crusts. […] Eczema responds well to anti-inflammatory creams. […] Most people affected by eczema can manage the condition with creams and ointments alone.

• #38 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/symptoms

  If you’ve had atopic dermatitis for years, patches of your skin may have permanently thickened and developed a leathery texture. This is caused by years of scratching. The affected skin also tends to look darker (or lighter) than the surrounding skin. The thickened skin can itch all the time, even when you don’t have a flare-up. […] Adults may develop discolored skin that’s extremely dry and easily irritated. This often develops on the hands or feet, but it can occur anywhere. Some adults have nipple eczema, which can be itchy and painful. […] The dry, cracked skin and scratching make the skin more susceptible to infection. Infections that people with atopic dermatitis can develop include: Staph infection, Molluscum contagiosum, Eczema herpeticum. […] Many studies find that having atopic dermatitis can cause people to feel anxious, depressed, or both. This is often due to the itch, pain, and problems sleeping. These feelings can also be triggered by flare-ups. Some people say they feel ashamed when others see flare-ups on their skin.

• #39 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  People often underestimate how much eczema can impact a persons mental health and affect quality of life. Eczema is more than just a physical symptom. Many people with eczema suffer from anxiety and depression. They tend to avoid social interaction, isolate themselves, and avoid taking part in activities because of their skin appearance. Constant itchiness, oozing rashes and blisters can affect a persons mood, spirit and resilience. […] Compared to the general population, adults and children with eczema have decreased social functioning and poorer mental health. It makes sense because those with moderate to severe eczema have a profoundly low quality of life. Many are in constant pain and suffering from debilitating itch. They are at a significant risk for depression and anxiety. They struggle to sleep due to symptoms. There have been some studies showing that eczema can even lead to suicidal ideation, specifically in teen girls. […] There is no specific way to prevent severe eczema. Prevention relies heavily on trigger avoidance and keeping the skin well-moisturized and free from infection.

• #40 Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/atopic-dermatitis-eczema

  Itching worsens with dry air, irritation, and emotional stress. […] Atopic dermatitis often lessens by the time children are 5 years of age. However, flare-ups are common throughout adolescence and into adulthood. […] Atopic dermatitis is more likely to persist for a long time in females compared to males, and in people who developed atopic dermatitis at an early age, have a severe case, have a family history, or have rhinitis or asthma. Even in these people, however, atopic dermatitis frequently resolves or lessens significantly by adulthood. […] Because the symptoms of atopic dermatitis are visible and sometimes disabling, children may develop long-term emotional problems as they face the challenge of living with the disorder during their developmental years.

• #41 Eczema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538209/

  Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a common chronic skin condition that can lead to recurrent infections and poor quality of life if left untreated. Recognized as the „itch that rashes” due to the rash that results from scratching or rubbing, the hallmark of eczema is dry, itchy skin prone to infections. […] People with eczema tend to have dry, itchy skin prone to infection. The condition is commonly known as the „itch that rashes” because dry, itchy skin leads to a rash due to scratching or rubbing the skin. […] The lifetime prevalence of eczema is about 15% to 30% in children and 2% to 10% in adults. About 60% of cases will develop the disease within the first year of life. […] Eczema is part of the triad known as „the atopic march.” This relates to the association between patients with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. About 50% of patients with severe eczema will develop asthma, and 75% will develop allergic rhinitis.

• #42 Eczema | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/eczema/

  Symptoms can be painful, including blisters, and the skin may change color. The itch associated with eczema can be severe, often interrupting sleep. […] Eczema is particularly common in infants, and 15% of children have it. […] Eczema is associated with the development of food and environmental allergies, and it develops due to a defective skin barrier. […] Eczema is considered to be part of the “atopic march.” The atopic march involves the diagnosis of eczema during infancy, followed by food allergy, allergic rhinitis (also known as hay fever) and asthma, typically in that order. […] Many children find their eczema diminishes, or even disappears, before they start grade school. […] Most people who have eczema that continues into adulthood find methods to cope with their very dry skin, including the use of moisturizers to help control flare-ups. […] Eczema is a chronic condition, and the symptoms can come and go. The symptoms are treatable.

• #43 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): Symptoms, Causes, Triggers, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-basics

  Atopic dermatitis is a long-term (chronic) condition that causes inflammation and irritation of your skin. While it usually begins in childhood, it can start at any age. And since it’s a long-term condition, it may go away for a while and then return. […] The most common symptom of atopic dermatitis is itching, which can be severe. You may also have: Red and dry patches of skin. If you have a darker skin tone, you may have darker or lighter patches where you have skin inflammation. Rashes that may bleed when scratched, release clear fluid, or ooze. Thickened, discolored, and hardened skin caused by repeated scratching. […] Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition, which means it lasts a long time. It may flare up and then go away for a while before it comes back. Most people will have their first signs of eczema between the ages of 2 months and 5 years. For many people who develop it as a child, it goes away when they’re teenagers. But some people will have it for life.

• #44 Possible progression of atopic eczema | Eczema Foundation

  https://www.pierrefabreeczemafoundation.org/en/understand/types-of-eczema/what-atopic-eczema/possible-progression

  Atopic eczema is not so dire! […] When you see your child scratching and the damage to their skin, it is nice to know that you can provide them with soothing relief from eczema by adopting a few helpful habits. […] Naturally, you may be wondering what happens next: how will their flare-ups evolve over time? Is eczema a lifelong condition? […] Because flare-ups do go away in most cases. Even better, they will likely do so without leaving a trace. In some cases, eczema can become chronic and lead to very rare complications, but for the vast majority of children, atopic eczema is a temporary condition. […] In most cases, flare-ups stop within seven years. […] As is often said, atopy is not for life. In all likelihood, your child’s eczema is temporary and will be gone by the time they enter their teens. Sometimes, it subsides at a much younger age, by the time they are about two years old.

• #45 Atopic Eczema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/atopic-eczema

  The severity and duration of eczema flare-ups varies from person to person and from time to time in the same person. In mild cases, a flare-up may cause just one or two small, mild patches of inflammation. Often these are behind the knees, or in front of elbows or wrists. Eczema flare-ups may occur only now and then. In severe cases, the flare-ups can last several weeks or more and cover many areas of skin. This can cause great distress. Many people with atopic eczema are somewhere in between these extremes. […] Most cases first develop in young children under the age of five years. Current figures suggest about 1 in 3 children have some degree of atopic eczema. However, statistics show that it is becoming more common year on year. By the mid-teenage years the flare-ups of eczema have either gone completely, or are much less of a problem for 2 out of 3 young people. However, there is no way of predicting who will still be affected as adults. […] Symptoms of atopic eczema include: Dry skin. Red and inflamed skin. Itchy skin. Scaly patches of skin and thickened skin, caused by scratching a lot. Blistered and weepy skin.

• #46 Atopic dermatitis (Atopic Eczema): Symptoms and Causes — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/atopic-dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis, also called atopic eczema, the most common inflammatory skin disease worldwide, presents as generalised skin dryness, itch, and rash. […] The clinical phenotype of atopic dermatitis can vary greatly, but is characterised by remission and relapse with acute flares on a background of chronic dermatitis. […] Acute dermatitis is red (erythematous), weeping/crusted (exudative) and may have blisters (vesicles or bullae). Over time the dermatitis becomes chronic and the skin becomes less red but thickened (lichenified) and scaly. Cracking of the skin (fissures) can occur. […] Atopic dermatitis affects 15-20% of children and is less common in adults. Sensitive skin persists lifelong. It is impossible to predict whether atopic dermatitis will improve by itself or not in an individual. A meta-analysis including over 110,000 subjects found that 20% of children with atopic dermatitis had persistent disease 8 years later; fewer than 5% had persistent disease 20 years later. Children who developed atopic dermatitis before the age of 2 years had a lower risk of persistent disease than those who developed atopic dermatitis later in childhood or adolescence. […] Atopic dermatitis is typically worst between the ages of two and four years, and often improves or even clears after this. However, atopic dermatitis may be aggravated or reappear in adult life due to exposure to irritants or allergens related to caregiving, domestic duties, or certain occupations.

• #47 Possible progression of atopic eczema | Eczema Foundation

  https://www.pierrefabreeczemafoundation.org/en/understand/types-of-eczema/what-atopic-eczema/possible-progression

  Atopic eczema is not so dire! […] When you see your child scratching and the damage to their skin, it is nice to know that you can provide them with soothing relief from eczema by adopting a few helpful habits. […] Naturally, you may be wondering what happens next: how will their flare-ups evolve over time? Is eczema a lifelong condition? […] Because flare-ups do go away in most cases. Even better, they will likely do so without leaving a trace. In some cases, eczema can become chronic and lead to very rare complications, but for the vast majority of children, atopic eczema is a temporary condition. […] In most cases, flare-ups stop within seven years. […] As is often said, atopy is not for life. In all likelihood, your child’s eczema is temporary and will be gone by the time they enter their teens. Sometimes, it subsides at a much younger age, by the time they are about two years old.

• #48 Atopic Dermatitis Pictures, Causes, vs Eczema & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/atopic_dermatitis/article.htm

  Often, the rash begins with papules that become hard and scaly when scratched. […] The disease may go into remission (disease-free period) for months or even years. […] In most children, the disease disappears after puberty. […] Although several people who developed atopic dermatitis as children also experience symptoms as adults, it is less common for the disease to show up first in adulthood. […] In some adults, only the hands or feet may be affected and become dry, itchy, red, and cracked.

• #49 Eczema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538209/

  Acutely, the eczematous rash is intensely pruritic with erythematous papules and excoriations. With continued itching and rubbing, the skin starts to thicken; on physical exam, there may be lichenification (thickening of the skin with exaggeration of the typical skin markings due to scratching or rubbing). […] Most children will outgrow eczema, and their symptoms will be resolved by adulthood. However, children with the already persistent disease, later onset, or more severe disease have increased persistence. […] Due to the dysfunctional skin barrier seen in eczema, patients are at increased risk for infection from bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. About 10% of healthy individuals are colonized with S. aureus compared with over 90% of patients with eczema. The density of S. aureus colonization correlates with the severity of dermatitis.

• #50 Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/atopic-dermatitis-and-eczema

  Chronic eczema on the hand may be the primary manifestation. […] Bacterial infection is suggested by: Crusting, weeping, pustulation and/or surrounding cellulitis with erythema of otherwise normal-looking skin. […] A sudden worsening of the condition. […] Eczema herpeticum is suggested by: Areas of rapidly worsening, painful eczema. […] Clustered blisters consistent with early-stage cold sores. […] Punched-out erosions (circular, depressed, ulcerated lesions) usually 1-3 mm that are uniform in appearance (may coalesce to form larger areas of erosion with crusting). […] Possible fever, lethargy or distress. […] Prognosis […] Usually a relapsing course, with a tendency to gradual improvement in adult life. […] Atopic eczema can be expected to clear in about 65% of children by the time they are 7 years of age, and in about 74% of children by 16 years of age, although relapses may occur. […] Predictors of a worse prognosis include early onset of disease and in children with associated asthma.

• #51

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/eczema(atopic)/

  The severity of atopic eczema can vary a lot from person to person. People with mild eczema may only have small areas of dry skin that are occasionally itchy. In more severe cases, atopic eczema can cause widespread red, inflamed skin all over the body and constant itching. […] Scratching can disrupt your sleep, make your skin bleed, and cause secondary infections. It can also make itching worse, and a cycle of itching and regular scratching may develop. This can lead to sleepless nights and difficulty concentrating at school or work. […] Areas of skin affected by eczema may also turn temporarily darker or lighter after the condition has improved. This is more noticeable in people with darker skin. It’s not a result of scarring or a side effect of steroid creams, but more of a „footprint” of old inflammation and eventually returns to its normal colour. […] Signs of an infection can include: your eczema getting a lot worse, fluid oozing from the skin, a yellow crust on the skin surface or small yellowish-white spots appearing in the eczema, the skin becoming swollen and sore, a high temperature (fever) and generally feeling unwell.

• #52 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/symptoms

  If you’ve had atopic dermatitis for years, patches of your skin may have permanently thickened and developed a leathery texture. This is caused by years of scratching. The affected skin also tends to look darker (or lighter) than the surrounding skin. The thickened skin can itch all the time, even when you don’t have a flare-up. […] Adults may develop discolored skin that’s extremely dry and easily irritated. This often develops on the hands or feet, but it can occur anywhere. Some adults have nipple eczema, which can be itchy and painful. […] The dry, cracked skin and scratching make the skin more susceptible to infection. Infections that people with atopic dermatitis can develop include: Staph infection, Molluscum contagiosum, Eczema herpeticum. […] Many studies find that having atopic dermatitis can cause people to feel anxious, depressed, or both. This is often due to the itch, pain, and problems sleeping. These feelings can also be triggered by flare-ups. Some people say they feel ashamed when others see flare-ups on their skin.

• #53 Atopic dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. […] The main symptom of AD is itching which can be intense. Some people experience burning or soreness or pain. […] Eczema often starts on the cheeks and outer limbs and body in infants and frequently settles in the folds of the skin such as behind the knees, folds of the elbows, around the neck, wrists and under the buttock folds as the child grows. […] People with AD often have dry and scaly skin that spans the entire body, except perhaps the diaper area, and intensely itchy red, splotchy, raised lesions to form in the bends of the arms or legs, face, and neck. […] The inflammation from AD often leaves „footprints” known as postinflammatory pigmentation that can be lighter than the normal skin or darker. These marks are not scars and eventually go back to normal over a period of months providing the underlying AD is treated effectively.

• #54 Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/eczema/

  It is important to treat your child’s eczema symptoms as soon as they flare up. Treatment will make your child more comfortable and reduce the chance of infection. […] If your child’s eczema flares up often or is hard to manage, ask their doctor to create an Eczema Action Plan. […] No. Eczema can be well controlled in most children by looking after the skin as suggested. This does not mean the eczema is cured. For many children, adequate skin care including cortisone treatment will need to be continued for many years. Your child may grow out of their eczema, especially with a good treatment plan. However, they will always have sensitive and dry skin.

• #55 Atopic Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/types-of-eczema/atopic-dermatitis/

  Itch is the most common symptom of atopic dermatitis, followed by skin redness and sleep loss.68. Atopic dermatitis can also have a significant impact on quality of life and mental health depending on the severity of symptoms. […] With the right treatment options, your atopic dermatitis flare-up can go away. However, the actual condition can last a long time and atopic dermatitis is considered chronic. Usually, someone gets this condition when they are a young child and it can follow them through to adulthood. Other times, it goes away as children grow up.

• #56 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/symptoms-causes/syc-20353273

  Atopic dermatitis can cause a very itchy rash. Atopic dermatitis most often occurs where the skin flexes inside the elbows, behind the knees and in front of the neck. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It’s common in young children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare sometimes. It can be irritating but it’s not contagious. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) symptoms can appear anywhere on the body and vary widely from person to person. They may include: Dry, cracked skin, Itchiness (pruritus), Rash on swollen skin that varies in color depending on your skin color, Small, raised bumps, on brown or Black skin, Oozing and crusting, Thickened skin, Darkening of the skin around the eyes, Raw, sensitive skin from scratching.

• #57 Eczema Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-symptoms

  Symptoms in adults include eczema is often on hands, on eyelids, and under the eyes, severely dry skin that is easily irritated and cracked, skin may get thick and leathery over time. […] Some adults get eczema only on their hands. Symptoms often follow this pattern: the skin looks chapped, red or brown, and irritated, the skin feels hot or burning and may itch, patches of scaly and inflamed skin develop, itchy, painful blisters may appear, the skin may crack and bleed or ooze and crust over. […] The seriousness of eczema symptoms can vary widely between people. With mild eczema, you may have nothing more than small areas of dry skin that get a bit itchy from time to time. […] In more serious cases, eczema inflames skin all over your body and causes intense itching that can be hard to ignore. It might even be hard to focus on school or work. In addition, you may scratch in your sleep, causing cuts and tears that lead to regular infection. […] On lighter-colored skin, the inflammation appears noticeably red. It may be harder to see on darker skin, but it sometimes causes gray, purple, or darker brown coloration.

• #58 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/symptoms-causes/syc-20353273

  Atopic dermatitis can cause a very itchy rash. Atopic dermatitis most often occurs where the skin flexes inside the elbows, behind the knees and in front of the neck. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It’s common in young children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare sometimes. It can be irritating but it’s not contagious. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) symptoms can appear anywhere on the body and vary widely from person to person. They may include: Dry, cracked skin, Itchiness (pruritus), Rash on swollen skin that varies in color depending on your skin color, Small, raised bumps, on brown or Black skin, Oozing and crusting, Thickened skin, Darkening of the skin around the eyes, Raw, sensitive skin from scratching.

• #59 Eczema Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-symptoms

  Symptoms in adults include eczema is often on hands, on eyelids, and under the eyes, severely dry skin that is easily irritated and cracked, skin may get thick and leathery over time. […] Some adults get eczema only on their hands. Symptoms often follow this pattern: the skin looks chapped, red or brown, and irritated, the skin feels hot or burning and may itch, patches of scaly and inflamed skin develop, itchy, painful blisters may appear, the skin may crack and bleed or ooze and crust over. […] The seriousness of eczema symptoms can vary widely between people. With mild eczema, you may have nothing more than small areas of dry skin that get a bit itchy from time to time. […] In more serious cases, eczema inflames skin all over your body and causes intense itching that can be hard to ignore. It might even be hard to focus on school or work. In addition, you may scratch in your sleep, causing cuts and tears that lead to regular infection. […] On lighter-colored skin, the inflammation appears noticeably red. It may be harder to see on darker skin, but it sometimes causes gray, purple, or darker brown coloration.

• #60 Acute eczema: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/acute-eczema

  Acute eczema is the beginning phase of the skin condition. It may be the first time a person notices symptoms, such as itchy lesions with scaly patches. […] This is the beginning phase of eczema, which doctors call atopic dermatitis, in which noticeable symptoms first appear. […] During this early phase, a person may develop an itchy rash. […] Symptoms may be mild during the acute phase and gradually worsen into the subacute and chronic phases. […] Eczema symptoms almost always include itching skin, called pruritus, which can range from mild to severe. […] A person can also have all or a few of the following symptoms: dry skin, swelling, inflamed and discolored skin, oozing, weeping, and crusting, thick, leathery, rough skin, scaly patches, blistering. […] The rash can appear red on lighter skin, while in darker skin tones, the lesions may appear purple, gray, or brown and include dry, scaly patches.

• #61 Atopic eczema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/atopic-eczema/

  Atopic eczema causes areas of skin to become itchy, dry, cracked, sore and red. […] There will usually be periods where the symptoms improve, followed by periods where they get worse (flare-ups). Flare-ups may occur as often as 2 or 3 times a month. […] The severity of atopic eczema can vary a lot from person to person. People with mild eczema may only have small areas of dry skin that are occasionally itchy. In more severe cases, atopic eczema can cause widespread red, inflamed skin all over the body and constant itching. […] Scratching can disrupt your sleep, make your skin bleed, and cause secondary infections. It can also make itching worse, and a cycle of itching and regular scratching may develop. This can lead to sleepless nights and difficulty concentrating at school or work.

• #62 Eczema Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-symptoms

  Symptoms in adults include eczema is often on hands, on eyelids, and under the eyes, severely dry skin that is easily irritated and cracked, skin may get thick and leathery over time. […] Some adults get eczema only on their hands. Symptoms often follow this pattern: the skin looks chapped, red or brown, and irritated, the skin feels hot or burning and may itch, patches of scaly and inflamed skin develop, itchy, painful blisters may appear, the skin may crack and bleed or ooze and crust over. […] The seriousness of eczema symptoms can vary widely between people. With mild eczema, you may have nothing more than small areas of dry skin that get a bit itchy from time to time. […] In more serious cases, eczema inflames skin all over your body and causes intense itching that can be hard to ignore. It might even be hard to focus on school or work. In addition, you may scratch in your sleep, causing cuts and tears that lead to regular infection. […] On lighter-colored skin, the inflammation appears noticeably red. It may be harder to see on darker skin, but it sometimes causes gray, purple, or darker brown coloration.

• #63 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  Eczema is actually a collection of seven different skin disorders, The most common is called atopic dermatitis (sometimes called atopic eczema). It is a skin condition characterized by skin inflammation. This inflammation leads to itchy patches of skin with flaking, cracking, swelling, oozing, crusting, dryness, pain and sensitivity. Symptoms can come and go. They can occur in different stages in some patients. […] Common eczema symptoms include: itchy skin, redness on light skin; purple, brown or ashen gray in people of color, flaking skin, scaly skin, cracking skin, swelling skin, open oozing skin, crusting on skin, dry skin, sensitive skin. And those with severe eczema may experience any or all of these symptoms most days of the week. […] People with severe eczema (or severe atopic dermatitis) may experience periods of intense skin itching or burning sensation. They may even feel like they are being poked with needles. Those with the most severe forms may experience these symptoms daily.

• #64 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  Not everyone with severe eczema experiences pain. Approximately 40-60% of people with eczema say they experience pain. For those who do experience pain, it can be quite severe. It can be as high as 7 on a 0-10 scale. […] Severe eczema looks different on different people. The skin may look red and inflamed, or purple, brown or ashen gray. Some people may have patches of lighter skin (called hypopigmentation) or darker skin (called hyperpigmentation). It may appear rough and scaly. You may see oozing and scabbing. While the skin may make a person look ill, it is important to remember that eczema is not contagious. […] People with severe eczema may experience multiple symptoms daily that significantly impacts their quality of life. If you feel like you are seeing signs of worsening eczema, discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider. Tools are available to better understand and assess the severity of your eczema.

• #65 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  During infancy and up to 2 years of age, it is most common for a red rash, which may ooze when scratched, to appear on the: Face. Scalp. Area of skin around joints that touch when the joint bends. […] During childhood, usually 2 years of age to puberty, it is most common for a red thickened rash, which may ooze or bleed when scratched, to appear on the: Elbows and knees, usually in the bend. Neck. Ankles. […] During the teenage and adult years, it is most common for a red to dark brown scaly rash, which may bleed and crust when scratched, to appear on the: Hands. Neck. Elbows and knees, usually in the bend. Skin around the eyes. Ankles and feet. […] Other common skin features of atopic dermatitis include: An extra fold of skin under the eye, which is known as a Dennie-Morgan fold. Darkening of the skin beneath the eyes. Extra skin creases on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

• #66

• #67 Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/dermatitis/atopic-dermatitis-eczema

  Atopic dermatitis usually appears in infancy, as early as 3 months of age. […] In the acute phase, lesions are intensely pruritic, red, thickened, scaly patches or plaques that may become eroded due to scratching. […] In the chronic phase, scratching and rubbing create skin lesions that appear dry and lichenified. […] Intense pruritus is a key feature. Itch often precedes lesions and worsens with dry air, sweating, local irritation, wearing wool garments, and emotional stress. […] Common environmental triggers of symptoms include excessive bathing or washing, harsh soaps, Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, sweating, rough fabrics and wool. […] Individuals with atopic dermatitis often exhibit other dermatologic features of atopy. These may include xerosis, ichthyosis/palmar hyperlinearity (more prominent skin lines on the palms), keratosis pilaris, an infraorbital skinfold (Dennie-Morgan fold), thinning of the lateral eyebrows (Hertoghe sign), wool intolerance (irritation and itching triggered by skin contact with wool), white dermographism (vasoconstriction, causing whitening of the skin, in response to scratching), and increased transepidermal water loss (in nonaffected as well as affected skin).

• #68 Managing Severe Eczema Symptoms | Allergy UK | National Charity

  https://www.allergyuk.org/hcp-resources/managing-severe-eczema-symptoms/

  For the majority of individuals with atopic eczema, standard therapy with topical treatment will help alleviate symptoms. However, there are some individuals whose eczema symptoms cannot be controlled using standard topical therapy and will need to be managed with treatments that modify the immune system to gain symptom control. […] Atopic eczema can place a great burden on both the individual and family. There is a known link between quality of life and eczema severity, with sleep deprivation and itch having a huge impact. […] Having eczema, even perceived mild eczema, especially if it is in a visible area such as the face or hands, can have a significant impact on an individual’s body image and psychological wellbeing. This can lead to anxiety, depression, reduced self-confidence, and self-esteem.

• #69 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  People often underestimate how much eczema can impact a persons mental health and affect quality of life. Eczema is more than just a physical symptom. Many people with eczema suffer from anxiety and depression. They tend to avoid social interaction, isolate themselves, and avoid taking part in activities because of their skin appearance. Constant itchiness, oozing rashes and blisters can affect a persons mood, spirit and resilience. […] Compared to the general population, adults and children with eczema have decreased social functioning and poorer mental health. It makes sense because those with moderate to severe eczema have a profoundly low quality of life. Many are in constant pain and suffering from debilitating itch. They are at a significant risk for depression and anxiety. They struggle to sleep due to symptoms. There have been some studies showing that eczema can even lead to suicidal ideation, specifically in teen girls. […] There is no specific way to prevent severe eczema. Prevention relies heavily on trigger avoidance and keeping the skin well-moisturized and free from infection.

• #70 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  People often underestimate how much eczema can impact a persons mental health and affect quality of life. Eczema is more than just a physical symptom. Many people with eczema suffer from anxiety and depression. They tend to avoid social interaction, isolate themselves, and avoid taking part in activities because of their skin appearance. Constant itchiness, oozing rashes and blisters can affect a persons mood, spirit and resilience. […] Compared to the general population, adults and children with eczema have decreased social functioning and poorer mental health. It makes sense because those with moderate to severe eczema have a profoundly low quality of life. Many are in constant pain and suffering from debilitating itch. They are at a significant risk for depression and anxiety. They struggle to sleep due to symptoms. There have been some studies showing that eczema can even lead to suicidal ideation, specifically in teen girls. […] There is no specific way to prevent severe eczema. Prevention relies heavily on trigger avoidance and keeping the skin well-moisturized and free from infection.

• #71 Managing Severe Eczema Symptoms | Allergy UK | National Charity

  https://www.allergyuk.org/hcp-resources/managing-severe-eczema-symptoms/

  For the majority of individuals with atopic eczema, standard therapy with topical treatment will help alleviate symptoms. However, there are some individuals whose eczema symptoms cannot be controlled using standard topical therapy and will need to be managed with treatments that modify the immune system to gain symptom control. […] Atopic eczema can place a great burden on both the individual and family. There is a known link between quality of life and eczema severity, with sleep deprivation and itch having a huge impact. […] Having eczema, even perceived mild eczema, especially if it is in a visible area such as the face or hands, can have a significant impact on an individual’s body image and psychological wellbeing. This can lead to anxiety, depression, reduced self-confidence, and self-esteem.

• #72 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  People often underestimate how much eczema can impact a persons mental health and affect quality of life. Eczema is more than just a physical symptom. Many people with eczema suffer from anxiety and depression. They tend to avoid social interaction, isolate themselves, and avoid taking part in activities because of their skin appearance. Constant itchiness, oozing rashes and blisters can affect a persons mood, spirit and resilience. […] Compared to the general population, adults and children with eczema have decreased social functioning and poorer mental health. It makes sense because those with moderate to severe eczema have a profoundly low quality of life. Many are in constant pain and suffering from debilitating itch. They are at a significant risk for depression and anxiety. They struggle to sleep due to symptoms. There have been some studies showing that eczema can even lead to suicidal ideation, specifically in teen girls. […] There is no specific way to prevent severe eczema. Prevention relies heavily on trigger avoidance and keeping the skin well-moisturized and free from infection.

• #73 Managing Severe Eczema Symptoms | Allergy UK | National Charity

  https://www.allergyuk.org/hcp-resources/managing-severe-eczema-symptoms/

  For the majority of individuals with atopic eczema, standard therapy with topical treatment will help alleviate symptoms. However, there are some individuals whose eczema symptoms cannot be controlled using standard topical therapy and will need to be managed with treatments that modify the immune system to gain symptom control. […] Atopic eczema can place a great burden on both the individual and family. There is a known link between quality of life and eczema severity, with sleep deprivation and itch having a huge impact. […] Having eczema, even perceived mild eczema, especially if it is in a visible area such as the face or hands, can have a significant impact on an individual’s body image and psychological wellbeing. This can lead to anxiety, depression, reduced self-confidence, and self-esteem.

• #74 Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/atopic-dermatitis-eczema

  Itching worsens with dry air, irritation, and emotional stress. […] Atopic dermatitis often lessens by the time children are 5 years of age. However, flare-ups are common throughout adolescence and into adulthood. […] Atopic dermatitis is more likely to persist for a long time in females compared to males, and in people who developed atopic dermatitis at an early age, have a severe case, have a family history, or have rhinitis or asthma. Even in these people, however, atopic dermatitis frequently resolves or lessens significantly by adulthood. […] Because the symptoms of atopic dermatitis are visible and sometimes disabling, children may develop long-term emotional problems as they face the challenge of living with the disorder during their developmental years.

• #75 Managing Severe Eczema Symptoms | Allergy UK | National Charity

  https://www.allergyuk.org/hcp-resources/managing-severe-eczema-symptoms/

  For the majority of individuals with atopic eczema, standard therapy with topical treatment will help alleviate symptoms. However, there are some individuals whose eczema symptoms cannot be controlled using standard topical therapy and will need to be managed with treatments that modify the immune system to gain symptom control. […] Atopic eczema can place a great burden on both the individual and family. There is a known link between quality of life and eczema severity, with sleep deprivation and itch having a huge impact. […] Having eczema, even perceived mild eczema, especially if it is in a visible area such as the face or hands, can have a significant impact on an individual’s body image and psychological wellbeing. This can lead to anxiety, depression, reduced self-confidence, and self-esteem.

• #76 Atopic Dermatitis Signs and Symptoms |Eczema Signs and Symptoms |PatientsEngage

  https://www.patientsengage.com/conditions/atopic-dermatitis/signs-symptoms

  Atopic Dermatitis Signs and Symptoms Symptoms vary from patient to patient. Itching is the most common symptom and may be severe and uncontrollable. When the child itches a particular area of the skin, the surrounding skin reacts to light touch by itching (this phenomenon is called allokinesis). Scratching the skin causes the inflammation to increase and makes the rash worse, leading to more inflammation and itching. This is called the itch-scratch cycle. The child often scratches till the skin bleeds. The itching may be so uncontrollable that repeated admonishments to stop scratching are often unheeded. Atopic Dermatitis is also called the twitchy skin syndrome. The child may often enrol a parent or another sibling to scratch areas that he or she cannot access, like the back. Itching can be severe enough to interfere with the child’s sleep.

• #77 Eczema

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/eczema/

  An itchy rash that your doctor told you was eczema. Eczema is a chronic skin disease. Recurrent flare-ups of severe itching occur. The medical name for eczema is atopic dermatitis. The main symptom is itching. If it doesn’t itch, it’s not eczema. With flare-ups (itching attacks), the rash becomes red or even raw and weepy. Onset: average onset at 3 months old. Range: 1-6 months old. Usually begins by 2 years old. Location: classic eczema starts on the cheeks at 1 to 6 months of age. It can spread to the rest of the face. In infants, the outer surfaces of the arms and legs also become involved. In older children, eczema is found in the joint creases. The elbows, wrists, and knees are the most common places. The rash is usually the same on both sides of the body. Eczema is very painful to touch. Itching flare-ups occur often. Eczema diagnosis was never confirmed by a doctor. Itching is severe after using steroid cream for more than 48 hours. Eczema is a chronic condition. Around the teen years, about half get over their eczema. Many children who have severe eczema as babies develop asthma and nasal allergies.

• #78 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353279

  To diagnose atopic dermatitis, your health care provider will likely talk with you about your symptoms, examine your skin and review your medical history. […] Atopic dermatitis can be persistent. You may need to try various treatments over months or years to control it. And even if treatment is successful, symptoms may return (flare). […] Taking care of sensitive skin is the first step in treating atopic dermatitis and preventing flares. To help reduce itching and soothe inflamed skin, try these self-care measures: […] Stress and other emotional disorders can worsen atopic dermatitis. Being aware of stress and anxiety and taking steps to improve your emotional health may help your skin too.

• #79 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/symptoms-causes/syc-20353273

  Atopic dermatitis often begins before age 5 and may continue into the teen and adult years. For some people, it flares and then clears up for a time, even for several years. […] It’s a chronic condition and tends to flare periodically. The symptoms vary. […] Atopic dermatitis tends to be red, weepy, crusty, itchy, flaky patches, like oval or circular-shaped areas on the skin.

• #80 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/symptoms

  Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is often called the itch that rashes. This description explains what happens when the condition begins. It tends to start suddenly with very itchy skin. Scratching the itchy skin often causes a rash. […] Once atopic dermatitis begins, you may notice one or more of the following: Itchy skin, Dry, scaly areas, Red rash (especially on lighter skin tones), Small, rough bumps (more common in darker skin tones), Dark brown, purple, or grayish areas of skin (darker skin tones), Skin feels warm and maybe swollen (inflammation), Scratch marks, Raw skin from scratching, Bumps or rashes leaking fluid, Blisters that ooze and crust over, After healing, skin may be lighter or darker where you had atopic dermatitis. […] Flare-ups can come and go for years. While the skin is healing in one area, flare-ups may occur in other areas. The flare-ups can also occur in the same place again and again.

• #81 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  During infancy and up to 2 years of age, it is most common for a red rash, which may ooze when scratched, to appear on the: Face. Scalp. Area of skin around joints that touch when the joint bends. […] During childhood, usually 2 years of age to puberty, it is most common for a red thickened rash, which may ooze or bleed when scratched, to appear on the: Elbows and knees, usually in the bend. Neck. Ankles. […] During the teenage and adult years, it is most common for a red to dark brown scaly rash, which may bleed and crust when scratched, to appear on the: Hands. Neck. Elbows and knees, usually in the bend. Skin around the eyes. Ankles and feet. […] Other common skin features of atopic dermatitis include: An extra fold of skin under the eye, which is known as a Dennie-Morgan fold. Darkening of the skin beneath the eyes. Extra skin creases on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

• #82 What is Moderate to Severe Eczema? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/moderate-to-severe-eczema/

  Eczema is actually a collection of seven different skin disorders, The most common is called atopic dermatitis (sometimes called atopic eczema). It is a skin condition characterized by skin inflammation. This inflammation leads to itchy patches of skin with flaking, cracking, swelling, oozing, crusting, dryness, pain and sensitivity. Symptoms can come and go. They can occur in different stages in some patients. […] Common eczema symptoms include: itchy skin, redness on light skin; purple, brown or ashen gray in people of color, flaking skin, scaly skin, cracking skin, swelling skin, open oozing skin, crusting on skin, dry skin, sensitive skin. And those with severe eczema may experience any or all of these symptoms most days of the week. […] People with severe eczema (or severe atopic dermatitis) may experience periods of intense skin itching or burning sensation. They may even feel like they are being poked with needles. Those with the most severe forms may experience these symptoms daily.

• #83 Eczema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538209/

  Acutely, the eczematous rash is intensely pruritic with erythematous papules and excoriations. With continued itching and rubbing, the skin starts to thicken; on physical exam, there may be lichenification (thickening of the skin with exaggeration of the typical skin markings due to scratching or rubbing). […] Most children will outgrow eczema, and their symptoms will be resolved by adulthood. However, children with the already persistent disease, later onset, or more severe disease have increased persistence. […] Due to the dysfunctional skin barrier seen in eczema, patients are at increased risk for infection from bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. About 10% of healthy individuals are colonized with S. aureus compared with over 90% of patients with eczema. The density of S. aureus colonization correlates with the severity of dermatitis.

• #84 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/symptoms

  If you’ve had atopic dermatitis for years, patches of your skin may have permanently thickened and developed a leathery texture. This is caused by years of scratching. The affected skin also tends to look darker (or lighter) than the surrounding skin. The thickened skin can itch all the time, even when you don’t have a flare-up. […] Adults may develop discolored skin that’s extremely dry and easily irritated. This often develops on the hands or feet, but it can occur anywhere. Some adults have nipple eczema, which can be itchy and painful. […] The dry, cracked skin and scratching make the skin more susceptible to infection. Infections that people with atopic dermatitis can develop include: Staph infection, Molluscum contagiosum, Eczema herpeticum. […] Many studies find that having atopic dermatitis can cause people to feel anxious, depressed, or both. This is often due to the itch, pain, and problems sleeping. These feelings can also be triggered by flare-ups. Some people say they feel ashamed when others see flare-ups on their skin.

• #85 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): Symptoms, Causes, Triggers, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-basics

  Atopic dermatitis is a long-term (chronic) condition that causes inflammation and irritation of your skin. While it usually begins in childhood, it can start at any age. And since it’s a long-term condition, it may go away for a while and then return. […] The most common symptom of atopic dermatitis is itching, which can be severe. You may also have: Red and dry patches of skin. If you have a darker skin tone, you may have darker or lighter patches where you have skin inflammation. Rashes that may bleed when scratched, release clear fluid, or ooze. Thickened, discolored, and hardened skin caused by repeated scratching. […] Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition, which means it lasts a long time. It may flare up and then go away for a while before it comes back. Most people will have their first signs of eczema between the ages of 2 months and 5 years. For many people who develop it as a child, it goes away when they’re teenagers. But some people will have it for life.

• #86 Eczema – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/symptoms-treatments/eczema/

  Eczema (also called dermatitis) is a term used to describe conditions where there is inflammation affecting mainly the outer layer of the skin (the epidermis). […] Atopic eczema is a very common skin condition that causes red, dry, itchy patches of skin, often in areas like the elbow creases and backs of the knees. It can start at any age but often it starts in childhood. In fact, one in every five children in the UK is affected by eczema at some stage. It may also start later in life in people who did not have the condition as a child. […] Atopic eczema cannot be cured, but there are many ways of controlling it. As they get older, most children with eczema will see their condition improve, with 60% clear of eczema by their teens. However, many continue to have dry skin and so need to continue to avoid irritants such as drying soaps, detergents and bubble baths.

• #87 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/treatment

  While a dermatologist tailors each treatment plan to a patient’s individual needs, most treatment plans include one or more of the following: A skin care plan for atopic dermatitis involves: Bathing, Applying moisturizer, Being gentle with your skin. […] Occasionally, dermatologists recommend wet wrap therapy. Wet wrap therapy can help the skin absorb medication and keep the skin hydrated. This, in turn, can reduce flare-ups. The wraps also protect the skin from scratching. […] Atopic dermatitis can make the skin very sensitive and very reactive. Things that your skin touches can cause flare-ups. Anything that causes atopic dermatitis to flare is known as a trigger. […] Common triggers include skin care products, weather (cold or hot), wool clothing, stress, perfumes, and washing clothes in laundry detergent that contains fragrance.

• #88 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353279

  To diagnose atopic dermatitis, your health care provider will likely talk with you about your symptoms, examine your skin and review your medical history. […] Atopic dermatitis can be persistent. You may need to try various treatments over months or years to control it. And even if treatment is successful, symptoms may return (flare). […] Taking care of sensitive skin is the first step in treating atopic dermatitis and preventing flares. To help reduce itching and soothe inflamed skin, try these self-care measures: […] Stress and other emotional disorders can worsen atopic dermatitis. Being aware of stress and anxiety and taking steps to improve your emotional health may help your skin too.

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