Materiały źródłowe

• #1 SciELO Brazil – EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ANKLE FRACTURE TREATED IN A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ANKLE FRACTURE TREATED IN A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL

  https://www.scielo.br/j/aob/a/bqb96StNYWMrdFqtpZCtvdG/

  Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with ankle fracture admitted to a tertiary hospital. […] Ankle fractures correspond to 10% of all fractures in the human body, making the ankle the second most affected joint of the lower limbs, only behind hip fractures. […] Ankle fractures have a double peak of incidence, being frequent in young male adults, mostly due to sports injuries or traffic accidents, and in older female patients due to falls. […] In view of the scarcity of national studies related to the epidemiological profile of patients with ankle fractures, the exponential growth of this type of injury, and its impact on quality of life, it is essential to conduct studies on the matter. […] This study shows that 53.4% of these patients had other associated injuries, with ankle dislocation being the most observed (41.1%), followed by lower limb trauma.

• #2 Ankle Fractures

  https://www.bofas.org.uk/hyperbook/trauma/ankle-fracture

  The incidence of ankle fractures is ~180 fractures per 100,000 people in the population per year. They are the second most common fracture in adults (9%) after femoral neck fractures. They have a bimodal age distribution with peaks in younger males and older females. […] Isolated distal fibular or lateral malleolus fractures occur in two thirds of patients, bimalleolar fractures occur in a quarter and trimalleolar fractures in the remaining 7%.

• #3 Ankle Fracture Epidemiology in the United States: Patient-Related Trends and Mechanisms of Injury | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1053%2Fj.jfas.2019.09.016

  Current nationwide epidemiological data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important towards better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, financial impact, as well as the implementation of preventative measures. This study evaluated the epidemiology of ankle fractures that occurred during a 5-year period. Specifically, we evaluated demographics, mechanism of injury, and disposition. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to identify all patients with ankle fractures that presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2012 and 2016. Census data were used to determine the incidence rates of ankle fractures in terms of age, sex, and race. There was an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures that occurred during this period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10 to 19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years). Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of the subjects, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). For disposition, 81.84% of patients were treated and released, 1.43% were transferred, 16.01% were admitted, 0.59% were held for observation, and 0.13% left against medical advice. The highest incidence of ankle fractures in men occurred in the 10-to-19-years age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #4 Ankle Fracture – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542324/

  About 187 per 100,000 adults sustain ankle fractures every year. The incidence in the female population is highest in ages 75 to 84, compared to 15 to 24 years for males. Isolated unimalleolar fractures are the most common, accounting for 70% of the yearly incidence of all ankle fractures. About 20% of ankle fractures are bimalleolar, while trimalleolar fractures represent about 7% of all ankle fractures annually. The incidence of open ankle fractures is approximately 2%.

• #5 Epidemiology of Adult Ankle Fractures: 1756 cases identified in Norrbotten County during 2009–2013 and classified according to AO/OTA | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-018-2326-x

  In Norrbotten County, 1756 ankle fractures in 1735 patients aged 20 years or older were identified. This gave an incidence in the county of 179 per 100,000 person-years. […] The incidence in different studies varies from 71 to 187 per 100,000 person-years. […] It is generally accepted that the incidence of ankle fractures is rising, particularly among the elderly and female population. […] The incidence of adult ankle fractures in Norrbotten County was 179 cases per 100,000 person-years during the study period. […] The incidence increased with age from 92 (95% CI 77109) cases per 100,000 person-years at 3039 years of age to 238 (95% CI 216262) cases per 100,000 person-years at 6069 years of age. […] This study shows an incidence of 179 adult ankle fractures annually per 100,000 persons. More than two thirds of the fractures were caused by a low-energy trauma and ankle fractures are more frequent among females.

• #6 Epidemiology of Adult Ankle Fractures: 1756 cases identified in Norrbotten County during 2009–2013 and classified according to AO/OTA | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-018-2326-x

  In Norrbotten County, 1756 ankle fractures in 1735 patients aged 20 years or older were identified. This gave an incidence in the county of 179 per 100,000 person-years. […] The incidence in different studies varies from 71 to 187 per 100,000 person-years. […] It is generally accepted that the incidence of ankle fractures is rising, particularly among the elderly and female population. […] The incidence of adult ankle fractures in Norrbotten County was 179 cases per 100,000 person-years during the study period. […] The incidence increased with age from 92 (95% CI 77109) cases per 100,000 person-years at 3039 years of age to 238 (95% CI 216262) cases per 100,000 person-years at 6069 years of age. […] This study shows an incidence of 179 adult ankle fractures annually per 100,000 persons. More than two thirds of the fractures were caused by a low-energy trauma and ankle fractures are more frequent among females.

• #7 Ankle Fracture Epidemiology in the United States: Patient-Related Trends and Mechanisms of Injury | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1053%2Fj.jfas.2019.09.016

  Current nationwide epidemiological data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important towards better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, financial impact, as well as the implementation of preventative measures. This study evaluated the epidemiology of ankle fractures that occurred during a 5-year period. Specifically, we evaluated demographics, mechanism of injury, and disposition. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to identify all patients with ankle fractures that presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2012 and 2016. Census data were used to determine the incidence rates of ankle fractures in terms of age, sex, and race. There was an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures that occurred during this period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10 to 19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years). Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of the subjects, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). For disposition, 81.84% of patients were treated and released, 1.43% were transferred, 16.01% were admitted, 0.59% were held for observation, and 0.13% left against medical advice. The highest incidence of ankle fractures in men occurred in the 10-to-19-years age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #8 Ankle Fractures – Pure Physiotherapy

  https://purephysiotherapy.co.uk/conditions/ankle-fractures/

  Ankle fractures are rare amongst the general population affecting less than 0.1% of people each year (1,7). […] In the general population, ankle fractures affect less than 0.1% of the population yearly (1,7). […] It is more common in young males (under 50 years of age) (1). […] More common in people who are heavily involved in sport, particularly sports that require jumping/landing and walking/running on uneven surfaces such as athletics, rugby and football.

• #9 Ankle fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankle_fracture

  Several large studies have suggested that the incidence of ankle fractures has increased since the 1960s. The incidence is highest in elderly women over the age of 65, but importantly ankle fractures are not considered as fragility fractures. In terms of fracture type, isolated malleolar fractures are most common (two-thirds of fractures); bimalleolar fractures occur in roughly 25% of patients while trimalleolar fractures occur in 5-10%. Open fractures are rare, compromising 2% of all ankle fractures. In children, ankle fractures occur in about 1 per 1000 per year.

• #10 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors for ankle fractures. […] Ankle fractures are the third most common type of fracture, affecting both sexes and all age groups. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies over the past few years. […] The findings in the present study further confirm these findings, as a distinct seasonal variation in ankle fractures is demonstrated, with a peak in fractures between November and March. […] The current study demonstrates that men sustain their ankle fractures at a younger age and are more frequently injured by a high-energy trauma. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures and will be of value for the distribution of healthcare resources.

• #11 Ankle Fractures

  https://www.bofas.org.uk/hyperbook/trauma/ankle-fracture

  The incidence of ankle fractures is ~180 fractures per 100,000 people in the population per year. They are the second most common fracture in adults (9%) after femoral neck fractures. They have a bimodal age distribution with peaks in younger males and older females. […] Isolated distal fibular or lateral malleolus fractures occur in two thirds of patients, bimalleolar fractures occur in a quarter and trimalleolar fractures in the remaining 7%.

• #12 Lateral Malleolar Fracture | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/37619-lateral-malleolar-fracture

  Ankle fractures are common emergency department presentations, with an incidence of 187 per 100,000.1 Not surprisingly, there is a bimodal distribution with a peak during the years of 15-24, particularly in males, and then again between the ages 75 and above, when falls become more prominent, and osteoporosis sets in, particularly in women.1,2 […] Isolated malleolar fractures make up 70% of all ankle fractures, followed by bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures.8 […] A stable ankle joint is treated initially with splinting, followed by casting and/or walking boot. The bone heals gradually over weeks, and a graduated walking and exercise rehabilitation plan is recommended (Figure 2).

• #13 Ankle Fracture – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542324/

  About 187 per 100,000 adults sustain ankle fractures every year. The incidence in the female population is highest in ages 75 to 84, compared to 15 to 24 years for males. Isolated unimalleolar fractures are the most common, accounting for 70% of the yearly incidence of all ankle fractures. About 20% of ankle fractures are bimalleolar, while trimalleolar fractures represent about 7% of all ankle fractures annually. The incidence of open ankle fractures is approximately 2%.

• #14

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1047/ankle-fractures

  Ankle fractures are very common injuries to the ankle which generally occur due to a twisting mechanism. […] Diagnosis is made with plain radiographs of the ankle. […] Treatment can be nonoperative or operative depending on fracture displacement, ankle stability, presence of syndesmotic injury, and patient activity demands. […] EPIDEMIOLOGY […] Incidence […] 187 per 100,000 adults annually […] Demographics […] bimodal distribution […] young, active […] highest incidence in male is between 15-24 years of age […] elderly […] highest incidence in females is 75-84 years of age […] Risk Factors […] male […] younger age […] obesity […] smoking […] alcohol consumption […] Associated conditions […] orthopedic […] open fractures (2%) […] syndesmotic injury (10%) […] 10% of all ankle fractures […] higher incidence with higher fibula fractures […] Weber A fracture 10% […] Weber B fractures ~40-50% […] Weber C fracture patterns (80%).

• #15 Radiographic analysis of adult ankle fractures using combined Danis-Weber and Lauge-Hansen classification systems | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-64479-2

  This study was to analyze ankle fractures for determining the epidemiology, types, distribution, possible mechanisms and diagnosis precision. […] Ankle fracture is a common injury with recent studies demonstrating an annual incidence of 120150 fractures per 100,000 persons. […] Ankle fractures occur most frequently in the young and middle-aged men between 21 and 50 years (peaked at 3040 years) and old women between 50 and 70 years of age. […] Combination of the Danis-Weber and the Lauge-Hansen classification systems can help decreasing the misdiagnosis rate and increasing the correct diagnosis rate in clinical evaluation of ankle fractures. […] This study found that the young and middle-aged men between 21 and 50 years and old women between 50 and 70 years have a greater incidence of ankle fractures.

• #16

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1047/ankle-fractures

  Ankle fractures are very common injuries to the ankle which generally occur due to a twisting mechanism. […] Diagnosis is made with plain radiographs of the ankle. […] Treatment can be nonoperative or operative depending on fracture displacement, ankle stability, presence of syndesmotic injury, and patient activity demands. […] EPIDEMIOLOGY […] Incidence […] 187 per 100,000 adults annually […] Demographics […] bimodal distribution […] young, active […] highest incidence in male is between 15-24 years of age […] elderly […] highest incidence in females is 75-84 years of age […] Risk Factors […] male […] younger age […] obesity […] smoking […] alcohol consumption […] Associated conditions […] orthopedic […] open fractures (2%) […] syndesmotic injury (10%) […] 10% of all ankle fractures […] higher incidence with higher fibula fractures […] Weber A fracture 10% […] Weber B fractures ~40-50% […] Weber C fracture patterns (80%).

• #17 Ankle Fracture Epidemiology in the United States: Patient-Related Trends and Mechanisms of Injury | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1053%2Fj.jfas.2019.09.016

  Current nationwide epidemiological data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important towards better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, financial impact, as well as the implementation of preventative measures. This study evaluated the epidemiology of ankle fractures that occurred during a 5-year period. Specifically, we evaluated demographics, mechanism of injury, and disposition. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to identify all patients with ankle fractures that presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2012 and 2016. Census data were used to determine the incidence rates of ankle fractures in terms of age, sex, and race. There was an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures that occurred during this period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10 to 19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years). Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of the subjects, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). For disposition, 81.84% of patients were treated and released, 1.43% were transferred, 16.01% were admitted, 0.59% were held for observation, and 0.13% left against medical advice. The highest incidence of ankle fractures in men occurred in the 10-to-19-years age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #18 Epidemiology of 50,000+ Ankle Fractures During a 10-year Period | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-50000-ankle-fractures-during-a-10-year-period

  Large epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the underlying injury mechanisms, the demographics of each fracture group, and the influence of sex and age on the sustained fracture. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies. […] The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures between 20122022. […] During the 10-year study period, 56,439 patients sustained 57,443 ankle fractures. […] Women (61%) were affected more than men (39%). […] The mean age at the time of sustaining the fracture was 55 years. […] The age and sex distribution for all ankle fractures peaked in total numbers between the ages of 5070 years. […] High-energy trauma was the underlying cause (4.7%, n=2674) of all the ankle fractures in the study.

• #19 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  Despite being one of the most common types of fracture, there is a lack of epidemiological studies involving ankle fractures of all kinds. […] The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures between 2012 and 2022. […] During the study period, 56,439 patients sustained 57,443 ankle fractures. […] Women (61%) were more commonly affected than men (39%). […] The most common mechanism of injury for all ankle fractures and for each AO/OTA44 fracture group separately was a simple fall. […] A seasonal variation in ankle fractures was found, where the number of ankle fractures peaked during the between November and March. […] This study presents the epidemiology of all AO/OTA types of ankle fractures. […] We have demonstrated that most ankle fractures are caused by a simple fall and occur during wintertime.

• #20 Ankle Fracture Epidemiology in the United States: Patient-Related Trends and Mechanisms of Injury | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1053%2Fj.jfas.2019.09.016

  Current nationwide epidemiological data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important towards better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, financial impact, as well as the implementation of preventative measures. This study evaluated the epidemiology of ankle fractures that occurred during a 5-year period. Specifically, we evaluated demographics, mechanism of injury, and disposition. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to identify all patients with ankle fractures that presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2012 and 2016. Census data were used to determine the incidence rates of ankle fractures in terms of age, sex, and race. There was an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures that occurred during this period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10 to 19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years). Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of the subjects, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). For disposition, 81.84% of patients were treated and released, 1.43% were transferred, 16.01% were admitted, 0.59% were held for observation, and 0.13% left against medical advice. The highest incidence of ankle fractures in men occurred in the 10-to-19-years age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #21 Epidemiology of 50,000+ Ankle Fractures During a 10-year Period | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-50000-ankle-fractures-during-a-10-year-period

  Large epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the underlying injury mechanisms, the demographics of each fracture group, and the influence of sex and age on the sustained fracture. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies. […] The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures between 20122022. […] During the 10-year study period, 56,439 patients sustained 57,443 ankle fractures. […] Women (61%) were affected more than men (39%). […] The mean age at the time of sustaining the fracture was 55 years. […] The age and sex distribution for all ankle fractures peaked in total numbers between the ages of 5070 years. […] High-energy trauma was the underlying cause (4.7%, n=2674) of all the ankle fractures in the study.

• #22 Ankle Fracture Management in the ED: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/824224-overview

  Ankle fractures (AFs) are the most common fractures of the lower limbs found in emergency services. Approximately 53% of these fractures are unstable and are treated surgically. […] Nationwide epidemiologic data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important toward better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, as well as the financial impact and the implementation of preventive measures. Findings show that an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures occurred during a 5-year period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10-19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years).

• #23 Ankle Fracture Management in the ED: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/824224-overview

  Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of patients, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). […] The highest incidence of ankle fracture in men occurred in the 10- to 19-year age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #24 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors for ankle fractures. […] Ankle fractures are the third most common type of fracture, affecting both sexes and all age groups. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies over the past few years. […] The findings in the present study further confirm these findings, as a distinct seasonal variation in ankle fractures is demonstrated, with a peak in fractures between November and March. […] The current study demonstrates that men sustain their ankle fractures at a younger age and are more frequently injured by a high-energy trauma. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures and will be of value for the distribution of healthcare resources.

• #25 Ankle Fracture Management in the ED: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/824224-overview

  Ankle fractures (AFs) are the most common fractures of the lower limbs found in emergency services. Approximately 53% of these fractures are unstable and are treated surgically. […] Nationwide epidemiologic data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important toward better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, as well as the financial impact and the implementation of preventive measures. Findings show that an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures occurred during a 5-year period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10-19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years).

• #26 Ankle Fracture Management in the ED: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/824224-overview

  Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of patients, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). […] The highest incidence of ankle fracture in men occurred in the 10- to 19-year age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #27 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  Despite being one of the most common types of fracture, there is a lack of epidemiological studies involving ankle fractures of all kinds. […] The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures between 2012 and 2022. […] During the study period, 56,439 patients sustained 57,443 ankle fractures. […] Women (61%) were more commonly affected than men (39%). […] The most common mechanism of injury for all ankle fractures and for each AO/OTA44 fracture group separately was a simple fall. […] A seasonal variation in ankle fractures was found, where the number of ankle fractures peaked during the between November and March. […] This study presents the epidemiology of all AO/OTA types of ankle fractures. […] We have demonstrated that most ankle fractures are caused by a simple fall and occur during wintertime.

• #28 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors for ankle fractures. […] Ankle fractures are the third most common type of fracture, affecting both sexes and all age groups. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies over the past few years. […] The findings in the present study further confirm these findings, as a distinct seasonal variation in ankle fractures is demonstrated, with a peak in fractures between November and March. […] The current study demonstrates that men sustain their ankle fractures at a younger age and are more frequently injured by a high-energy trauma. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures and will be of value for the distribution of healthcare resources.

• #29 (PDF) Epidemiology of Ankle Fracture Dislocation in a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria

  https://www.academia.edu/12877462/Epidemiology_of_Ankle_Fracture_Dislocation_in_a_Teaching_Hospital_in_Nigeria

  Little is known about the epidemiology of ankle fractures in developing countries where data keeping may be poor. […] There has been a rising incidence of ankle fractures over the last four decades in developed countries. […] The most common causes of ankle fracture dislocations in studies from HIC are usually home or sport and leisure injuries while MVC are responsible for about 70% in this study. […] Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Approximately 2% of the general population will sustain an ankle fracture during their life. […] Motor vehicle accident (MVA) was the most common cause of ankle fractures (67.34% of all study subjects). […] Ankle fractures are common in Malawi and may receive suboptimal treatment due to inadequate surgical capacity and limited provider knowledge of evidence-based treatment guidelines.

• #30 Ankle Fracture Epidemiology in the United States: Patient-Related Trends and Mechanisms of Injury | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1053%2Fj.jfas.2019.09.016

  Current nationwide epidemiological data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important towards better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, financial impact, as well as the implementation of preventative measures. This study evaluated the epidemiology of ankle fractures that occurred during a 5-year period. Specifically, we evaluated demographics, mechanism of injury, and disposition. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to identify all patients with ankle fractures that presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2012 and 2016. Census data were used to determine the incidence rates of ankle fractures in terms of age, sex, and race. There was an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures that occurred during this period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10 to 19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years). Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of the subjects, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). For disposition, 81.84% of patients were treated and released, 1.43% were transferred, 16.01% were admitted, 0.59% were held for observation, and 0.13% left against medical advice. The highest incidence of ankle fractures in men occurred in the 10-to-19-years age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #31 Ankle Fracture Management in the ED: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/824224-overview

  Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of patients, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). […] The highest incidence of ankle fracture in men occurred in the 10- to 19-year age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #32 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  Despite being one of the most common types of fracture, there is a lack of epidemiological studies involving ankle fractures of all kinds. […] The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures between 2012 and 2022. […] During the study period, 56,439 patients sustained 57,443 ankle fractures. […] Women (61%) were more commonly affected than men (39%). […] The most common mechanism of injury for all ankle fractures and for each AO/OTA44 fracture group separately was a simple fall. […] A seasonal variation in ankle fractures was found, where the number of ankle fractures peaked during the between November and March. […] This study presents the epidemiology of all AO/OTA types of ankle fractures. […] We have demonstrated that most ankle fractures are caused by a simple fall and occur during wintertime.

• #33 Epidemiology of 50,000+ Ankle Fractures During a 10-year Period | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-50000-ankle-fractures-during-a-10-year-period

  The most common mechanism of injury for all ankle fractures and for each AO/OTA fracture group was a simple fall. […] This study presents the epidemiology of all AO/OTA types of ankle fractures in Sweden over a 10-year period. […] These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures.

• #34 Epidemiology of 50,000+ Ankle Fractures During a 10-year Period | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-50000-ankle-fractures-during-a-10-year-period

  Large epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the underlying injury mechanisms, the demographics of each fracture group, and the influence of sex and age on the sustained fracture. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies. […] The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures between 20122022. […] During the 10-year study period, 56,439 patients sustained 57,443 ankle fractures. […] Women (61%) were affected more than men (39%). […] The mean age at the time of sustaining the fracture was 55 years. […] The age and sex distribution for all ankle fractures peaked in total numbers between the ages of 5070 years. […] High-energy trauma was the underlying cause (4.7%, n=2674) of all the ankle fractures in the study.

• #35 (PDF) Epidemiology of Ankle Fracture Dislocation in a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria

  https://www.academia.edu/12877462/Epidemiology_of_Ankle_Fracture_Dislocation_in_a_Teaching_Hospital_in_Nigeria

  Little is known about the epidemiology of ankle fractures in developing countries where data keeping may be poor. […] There has been a rising incidence of ankle fractures over the last four decades in developed countries. […] The most common causes of ankle fracture dislocations in studies from HIC are usually home or sport and leisure injuries while MVC are responsible for about 70% in this study. […] Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Approximately 2% of the general population will sustain an ankle fracture during their life. […] Motor vehicle accident (MVA) was the most common cause of ankle fractures (67.34% of all study subjects). […] Ankle fractures are common in Malawi and may receive suboptimal treatment due to inadequate surgical capacity and limited provider knowledge of evidence-based treatment guidelines.

• #36 Ankle Fractures: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Management | Yavapai Foot and Ankle Center

  https://www.yavapaifac.com/library/ankle-fractures-epidemiology-pathophysiology-management.cfm

  Ankle fractures account for approximately 9% of all fractures, with a higher incidence among active individuals and older adults. Risk factors include high-impact sports, osteoporosis, and previous ankle injuries. Men under 50 years of age are more likely to sustain ankle fractures from high-energy trauma, while women over 65 are predisposed due to low bone density and falls (Doe et al., 2021). […] Biochemical and mechanical disruptions, such as ligament injuries or syndesmotic instability, complicate treatment and recovery (Smith et al., 2022). […] Ankle fractures represent a complex injury requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcomes. Advances in diagnostics, surgical techniques, and rehabilitation strategies have significantly improved patient care. However, challenges such as post-traumatic arthritis and delayed healing remain areas for further research and innovation.

• #37 Broken ankle – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-ankle/symptoms-causes/syc-20450025

  A broken or fractured ankle is an injury to the bone. […] A broken ankle is usually a result of a twisting injury, but can also be caused by a direct blow to the ankle. […] The most common causes of a broken ankle include: Car accidents. The crushing injuries common in car accidents may cause breaks that require surgical repair. […] You may be at higher risk of a broken ankle if you: Participate in high-impact sports. The stresses, direct blows and twisting injuries that occur in sports such as basketball, football, gymnastics, tennis and soccer can cause ankle fractures. […] Complications of a broken ankle are uncommon but may include: Arthritis. Fractures that extend into the joint can cause arthritis years later. […] These basic sports and safety tips may help prevent a broken ankle: Wear proper shoes. Use hiking shoes on rough terrain. Choose appropriate athletic shoes for your sport.

• #38 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors for ankle fractures. […] Ankle fractures are the third most common type of fracture, affecting both sexes and all age groups. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies over the past few years. […] The findings in the present study further confirm these findings, as a distinct seasonal variation in ankle fractures is demonstrated, with a peak in fractures between November and March. […] The current study demonstrates that men sustain their ankle fractures at a younger age and are more frequently injured by a high-energy trauma. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures and will be of value for the distribution of healthcare resources.

• #39 Epidemiology of 50,000+ Ankle Fractures During a 10-year Period | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-50000-ankle-fractures-during-a-10-year-period

  The most common mechanism of injury for all ankle fractures and for each AO/OTA fracture group was a simple fall. […] This study presents the epidemiology of all AO/OTA types of ankle fractures in Sweden over a 10-year period. […] These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures.

• #40 Ankle Fracture – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542324/

  About 187 per 100,000 adults sustain ankle fractures every year. The incidence in the female population is highest in ages 75 to 84, compared to 15 to 24 years for males. Isolated unimalleolar fractures are the most common, accounting for 70% of the yearly incidence of all ankle fractures. About 20% of ankle fractures are bimalleolar, while trimalleolar fractures represent about 7% of all ankle fractures annually. The incidence of open ankle fractures is approximately 2%.

• #41 Ankle Fractures

  https://www.bofas.org.uk/hyperbook/trauma/ankle-fracture

  The incidence of ankle fractures is ~180 fractures per 100,000 people in the population per year. They are the second most common fracture in adults (9%) after femoral neck fractures. They have a bimodal age distribution with peaks in younger males and older females. […] Isolated distal fibular or lateral malleolus fractures occur in two thirds of patients, bimalleolar fractures occur in a quarter and trimalleolar fractures in the remaining 7%.

• #42 Radiographic analysis of adult ankle fractures using combined Danis-Weber and Lauge-Hansen classification systems | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-64479-2

  The key to avoid misdiagnosis is to combine the Danis-Weber and Lauge-Hansen classification systems in analyzing ankle fractures. […] Danis-Weber type B is the most common ankle fracture followed by Danis-Weber type A, type C and perpendicular compression fracture, with a similar incidence on the left and right side. […] Young and middle-aged men between 21 and 50 years and older women between 50 and 70 years have a greater incidence of ankle fractures, and combined application of the Lauge-Hansen and Danis-Weber classification systems can better help assessing the varied and complex ankle fractures and help doctors in predicting the injuries, increasing diagnostic precision and decreasing missed diagnosis.

• #43 SciELO Brazil – EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ANKLE FRACTURE TREATED IN A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ANKLE FRACTURE TREATED IN A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL

  https://www.scielo.br/j/aob/a/bqb96StNYWMrdFqtpZCtvdG/

  Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with ankle fracture admitted to a tertiary hospital. […] Ankle fractures correspond to 10% of all fractures in the human body, making the ankle the second most affected joint of the lower limbs, only behind hip fractures. […] Ankle fractures have a double peak of incidence, being frequent in young male adults, mostly due to sports injuries or traffic accidents, and in older female patients due to falls. […] In view of the scarcity of national studies related to the epidemiological profile of patients with ankle fractures, the exponential growth of this type of injury, and its impact on quality of life, it is essential to conduct studies on the matter. […] This study shows that 53.4% of these patients had other associated injuries, with ankle dislocation being the most observed (41.1%), followed by lower limb trauma.

• #44

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1047/ankle-fractures

  Ankle fractures are very common injuries to the ankle which generally occur due to a twisting mechanism. […] Diagnosis is made with plain radiographs of the ankle. […] Treatment can be nonoperative or operative depending on fracture displacement, ankle stability, presence of syndesmotic injury, and patient activity demands. […] EPIDEMIOLOGY […] Incidence […] 187 per 100,000 adults annually […] Demographics […] bimodal distribution […] young, active […] highest incidence in male is between 15-24 years of age […] elderly […] highest incidence in females is 75-84 years of age […] Risk Factors […] male […] younger age […] obesity […] smoking […] alcohol consumption […] Associated conditions […] orthopedic […] open fractures (2%) […] syndesmotic injury (10%) […] 10% of all ankle fractures […] higher incidence with higher fibula fractures […] Weber A fracture 10% […] Weber B fractures ~40-50% […] Weber C fracture patterns (80%).

• #45 Ankle fractures in the elderly: Do we have new concepts? in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 5 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/5/EOR-23-0052.xml

  Ankle fractures are very common, with an annual incidence of 74 per 100 000 people and a mean age of 56 years in Germany (1). Interestingly, 60% of the fractures occur in women with an increase of the incidence between the age of 40 and 70 years (1). With the demographic changes, the relevance of ankle fractures particularly in the elderly will increase. However, there are several differences regarding the diagnostics, fracture pattern and the treatment strategies when comparing the elderly population to younger patients. […] Elderly people suffer more frequently from comorbidities, which will affect the incidence and outcome of ankle fractures. […] In the elderly, low-energy trauma is more dominant (8, 9). Still, the fracture pattern seems to be more complex, compared to younger patients, presenting areas with multifragmentary and comminuted pathologies (7, 8). Unstable pronationabduction injuries (stage III), according to LaugeHansen classification, are more common in people older than 60 years (10).

• #46 Ankle Fracture Epidemiology in the United States: Patient-Related Trends and Mechanisms of Injury | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1053%2Fj.jfas.2019.09.016

  Current nationwide epidemiological data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important towards better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, financial impact, as well as the implementation of preventative measures. This study evaluated the epidemiology of ankle fractures that occurred during a 5-year period. Specifically, we evaluated demographics, mechanism of injury, and disposition. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to identify all patients with ankle fractures that presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2012 and 2016. Census data were used to determine the incidence rates of ankle fractures in terms of age, sex, and race. There was an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures that occurred during this period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10 to 19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years). Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of the subjects, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). For disposition, 81.84% of patients were treated and released, 1.43% were transferred, 16.01% were admitted, 0.59% were held for observation, and 0.13% left against medical advice. The highest incidence of ankle fractures in men occurred in the 10-to-19-years age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #47 Ankle Fracture Epidemiology in the United States: Patient-Related Trends and Mechanisms of Injury | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1053%2Fj.jfas.2019.09.016

  Current nationwide epidemiological data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important towards better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, financial impact, as well as the implementation of preventative measures. This study evaluated the epidemiology of ankle fractures that occurred during a 5-year period. Specifically, we evaluated demographics, mechanism of injury, and disposition. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to identify all patients with ankle fractures that presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2012 and 2016. Census data were used to determine the incidence rates of ankle fractures in terms of age, sex, and race. There was an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures that occurred during this period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10 to 19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years). Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of the subjects, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). For disposition, 81.84% of patients were treated and released, 1.43% were transferred, 16.01% were admitted, 0.59% were held for observation, and 0.13% left against medical advice. The highest incidence of ankle fractures in men occurred in the 10-to-19-years age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.

• #48 Sprained Ankle vs. Broken Ankle: Symptoms, Treatment, Recovery

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sprained-ankle-vs-broken-ankle

  Broken ankles are a relatively common injury that make up about 15 percent of ankle injuries seen in emergency departments. […] A broken ankle also called an ankle fracture is when one or more of the bones around your ankle joint breaks. […] There are many potential causes of a broken ankle, but usually the injury results from a twisting injury. A broken ankle can also be caused by direct impact to the ankle, such as a car accident or a sports-related impact. […] If you have a clean break that doesn’t require surgery, you can usually fully heal within 6 to 8 weeks. If you need surgery, it may take anywhere from 12 weeks to 2 years to regain full function of your ankle. […] It’s important to get medical attention if you think you may have broken your ankle, or if you have severe pain, swelling, or bruising after injuring your ankle.

• #49 Sprained Ankle vs. Broken Ankle: Symptoms, Treatment, Recovery

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sprained-ankle-vs-broken-ankle

  Your doctor or healthcare professional will carefully examine your ankle, foot, and lower part of your leg. […] If your injury is more severe, your doctor may recommend one or more of the following imaging tests to help them accurately diagnose your injury: X-ray, CT scan, MRI scan, ultrasound. […] A broken ankle is a more severe injury than a sprained ankle.

• #50 Ankle fractures in the elderly: Do we have new concepts? in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 5 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/5/EOR-23-0052.xml

  The standardized diagnostic optimization of the vascular supply in patients with PAD was able to reduce the complication rate in geriatric ankle fractures significantly (12). […] The general consideration of treating an ankle fracture in the elderly conservatively or operatively still remains a subject of debate. […] A conservative regimen leads to a higher amount of malunions and non-unions of up to 73%, whereas open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) provides a consolidation rate up to 100% (13, 14). However, the complication rate after surgery in the elderly people is up to 22% (14, 15, 16, 17). Major complications include delayed wound healing, superficial and deep wound infections, malunions and skin necrosis, requiring revision surgery in 11% of patients over 60 years and with an in-hospital mortality rate of 3% (15, 17). The 30-day mortality rate raises up to 5.4% in patients older than 80 years after ORIF (18). […] Complex bony injuries such as open fractures and more complex bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures, age, female sex and comorbidities like diabetes, smoking, dementia, osteoporosis and PAD further increase the risk of a peri- or postoperative complications (15, 19, 20).

• #51 Ankle fractures of the geriatric patient: a narrative review in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 1 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/1/EOR-22-0082.xml

  The present narrative review provides a summary of current concepts for the treatment of ankle fractures in elderly patients. […] Ankle fractures represent one of the most common injuries in elderly patients combined with a major health care burden as the elderly population is expected to more than double by the year 2050. The overall 1-year mortality of elderly patients (65 years of age) with an ankle fracture is 12%. […] Geriatric patients are particularly at risk of poor outcomes following ankle fractures due to frequent multimorbidity, poor peripheral blood supply and osteoporosis. […] Complications involve loose intraoperative fixation related to reduced screw purchase and soft tissue defects with wound healing deficits or malunion. […] The incidence of these posterior malleolar fragments increases especially for elderly (65 years of age) women with correlated poorer outcomes.

• #52 Ankle fractures in the elderly: Do we have new concepts? in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 5 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/5/EOR-23-0052.xml

  The standardized diagnostic optimization of the vascular supply in patients with PAD was able to reduce the complication rate in geriatric ankle fractures significantly (12). […] The general consideration of treating an ankle fracture in the elderly conservatively or operatively still remains a subject of debate. […] A conservative regimen leads to a higher amount of malunions and non-unions of up to 73%, whereas open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) provides a consolidation rate up to 100% (13, 14). However, the complication rate after surgery in the elderly people is up to 22% (14, 15, 16, 17). Major complications include delayed wound healing, superficial and deep wound infections, malunions and skin necrosis, requiring revision surgery in 11% of patients over 60 years and with an in-hospital mortality rate of 3% (15, 17). The 30-day mortality rate raises up to 5.4% in patients older than 80 years after ORIF (18). […] Complex bony injuries such as open fractures and more complex bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures, age, female sex and comorbidities like diabetes, smoking, dementia, osteoporosis and PAD further increase the risk of a peri- or postoperative complications (15, 19, 20).

• #53 Ankle fractures in the elderly: Do we have new concepts? in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 5 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/5/EOR-23-0052.xml

  The standardized diagnostic optimization of the vascular supply in patients with PAD was able to reduce the complication rate in geriatric ankle fractures significantly (12). […] The general consideration of treating an ankle fracture in the elderly conservatively or operatively still remains a subject of debate. […] A conservative regimen leads to a higher amount of malunions and non-unions of up to 73%, whereas open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) provides a consolidation rate up to 100% (13, 14). However, the complication rate after surgery in the elderly people is up to 22% (14, 15, 16, 17). Major complications include delayed wound healing, superficial and deep wound infections, malunions and skin necrosis, requiring revision surgery in 11% of patients over 60 years and with an in-hospital mortality rate of 3% (15, 17). The 30-day mortality rate raises up to 5.4% in patients older than 80 years after ORIF (18). […] Complex bony injuries such as open fractures and more complex bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures, age, female sex and comorbidities like diabetes, smoking, dementia, osteoporosis and PAD further increase the risk of a peri- or postoperative complications (15, 19, 20).

• #54 Complications following surgical treatment of ankle fractures in the elderly: can they be avoided? | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/116370-complications-following-surgical-treatment-of-ankle-fractures-in-the-elderly-can-they-be-avoided

  Following surgical treatment of ankle fractures, geriatric patients face high complication rates (CR) in literature. […] Present study critically evaluated surgical management of ankle fractures in patients over 65 years old, with focus on identifying modifiable risk factors and effective comorbidity management strategies. […] GP encountered significantly higher overall (p0.001), minor (p0.001) and major (p=0.003) complications. […] Predominant factor contributing to higher CR in NGP and markedly in GP was concomitant diseases, presenting a strong OR of 19,290 (p0.001) and 17,022 (p0.001). […] We revealed a high significant correlation between pre-existing medical conditions and postoperative results. […] Following surgical treatment of ankle fractures, geriatric patients face high complication rates (CR) up to 30% or even 40% in literature.

• #55 Complications following surgical treatment of ankle fractures in the elderly: can they be avoided? | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/116370-complications-following-surgical-treatment-of-ankle-fractures-in-the-elderly-can-they-be-avoided

  Considering epidemiological, demographic trends and functional demands of ageing patients, current almost standardized – concepts appear to be inadequate and need to be adapted to meet specific needs of geriatric patients. […] Surgical procedures performed in GP resulted in an overall CR of 26% (n=42) compared to 8% (n=19; p0.001) observed in NGP. […] Complications in younger patients had various causes. In contrast, high rates in GP were mainly due to displaced fractures and, to a significant extent, comorbidities. […] Regression analysis identified prior diseases as a primary risk factor for major (OR 19,290; 95% CI 7,623-48,818; p0.001) and minor complications (OR 17,022; 95% CI 5,855-49,489; p0.001) in NGP and GP. […] With concomitant diseases present, CR was 72% (n=38) compared to 4% (n=4) without (p0.001).

• #56 Complications following surgical treatment of ankle fractures in the elderly: can they be avoided? | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/116370-complications-following-surgical-treatment-of-ankle-fractures-in-the-elderly-can-they-be-avoided

  Considering epidemiological, demographic trends and functional demands of ageing patients, current almost standardized – concepts appear to be inadequate and need to be adapted to meet specific needs of geriatric patients. […] Surgical procedures performed in GP resulted in an overall CR of 26% (n=42) compared to 8% (n=19; p0.001) observed in NGP. […] Complications in younger patients had various causes. In contrast, high rates in GP were mainly due to displaced fractures and, to a significant extent, comorbidities. […] Regression analysis identified prior diseases as a primary risk factor for major (OR 19,290; 95% CI 7,623-48,818; p0.001) and minor complications (OR 17,022; 95% CI 5,855-49,489; p0.001) in NGP and GP. […] With concomitant diseases present, CR was 72% (n=38) compared to 4% (n=4) without (p0.001).

• #57

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-025-07429-w

  Ankle fractures, ranking as one of the very common osteoporotic fractures, pose a substantial socioeconomic burden. […] We aimed to investigate the incidence of elderly ankle fractures, refracture risks, and mortality rates in South Korea. […] Utilizing the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) registry from January 2006 to December 2022, individuals over 50 years with ankle fractures were identified. Osteoporotic ankle fractures were defined using admission diagnoses, procedural codes, and cast-related codes. Incidence rates, refracture rates, and one-year mortality rates were analyzed with standardization adjusted for gender and age distribution. […] From 2006 to 2022, annual ankle fracture incidence rose from 193.90 to 278.83 per 100,000 person-years. Women exhibited 1.93 times higher incidence than men, with a notable increase in women.

• #58

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-025-07429-w

  The one-year ankle refracture rates and osteoporotic refracture rates increased from 3.55% and 4.56% in 2007 to 9.32% and 10.37% in 2021, respectively. The one-year mortality rate after ankle fractures decreased from 2.10% in 2007 to 1.49% in 2021. […] This study offers insights into the epidemiology of osteoporotic ankle fractures in South Korea, revealing increasing incidence, gender differences, age-related patterns, and trends in refracture and mortality rates over the study period. […] The incidence of ankle fractures increased significantly, especially in women, and refracture rates also rose, highlighting an unmet need for better osteoporosis management.

• #59

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-025-07429-w

  The one-year ankle refracture rates and osteoporotic refracture rates increased from 3.55% and 4.56% in 2007 to 9.32% and 10.37% in 2021, respectively. The one-year mortality rate after ankle fractures decreased from 2.10% in 2007 to 1.49% in 2021. […] This study offers insights into the epidemiology of osteoporotic ankle fractures in South Korea, revealing increasing incidence, gender differences, age-related patterns, and trends in refracture and mortality rates over the study period. […] The incidence of ankle fractures increased significantly, especially in women, and refracture rates also rose, highlighting an unmet need for better osteoporosis management.

• #60 Ankle fractures of the geriatric patient: a narrative review in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 1 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/1/EOR-22-0082.xml

  Ankle fractures in elderly patients are not trivial injuries and became an increasing problem. Due to different preexisting conditions like metabolic or cardiovascular diseases with poor bone quality and poor peripheral blood supply, these injuries are challenging to treat. High complication rates during conservative or surgical treatment often fail to achieve the primary status of function and mobility. Therefore, there is a high demand for safe and reliable fixation techniques like innovative intramedullary fixation with a fibular nail.

• #61 Broken ankle – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-ankle/symptoms-causes/syc-20450025

  A broken or fractured ankle is an injury to the bone. […] A broken ankle is usually a result of a twisting injury, but can also be caused by a direct blow to the ankle. […] The most common causes of a broken ankle include: Car accidents. The crushing injuries common in car accidents may cause breaks that require surgical repair. […] You may be at higher risk of a broken ankle if you: Participate in high-impact sports. The stresses, direct blows and twisting injuries that occur in sports such as basketball, football, gymnastics, tennis and soccer can cause ankle fractures. […] Complications of a broken ankle are uncommon but may include: Arthritis. Fractures that extend into the joint can cause arthritis years later. […] These basic sports and safety tips may help prevent a broken ankle: Wear proper shoes. Use hiking shoes on rough terrain. Choose appropriate athletic shoes for your sport.

• #62 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors for ankle fractures. […] Ankle fractures are the third most common type of fracture, affecting both sexes and all age groups. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies over the past few years. […] The findings in the present study further confirm these findings, as a distinct seasonal variation in ankle fractures is demonstrated, with a peak in fractures between November and March. […] The current study demonstrates that men sustain their ankle fractures at a younger age and are more frequently injured by a high-energy trauma. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures and will be of value for the distribution of healthcare resources.

• #63 Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2

  These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors for ankle fractures. […] Ankle fractures are the third most common type of fracture, affecting both sexes and all age groups. […] An increasing incidence of ankle fractures, especially in the elderly, has been reported in several studies over the past few years. […] The findings in the present study further confirm these findings, as a distinct seasonal variation in ankle fractures is demonstrated, with a peak in fractures between November and March. […] The current study demonstrates that men sustain their ankle fractures at a younger age and are more frequently injured by a high-energy trauma. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures and will be of value for the distribution of healthcare resources.

• #64 Epidemiology of 50,000+ Ankle Fractures During a 10-year Period | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-50000-ankle-fractures-during-a-10-year-period

  The most common mechanism of injury for all ankle fractures and for each AO/OTA fracture group was a simple fall. […] This study presents the epidemiology of all AO/OTA types of ankle fractures in Sweden over a 10-year period. […] These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors. […] This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures.

• #65 (PDF) Epidemiology of Ankle Fracture Dislocation in a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria

  https://www.academia.edu/12877462/Epidemiology_of_Ankle_Fracture_Dislocation_in_a_Teaching_Hospital_in_Nigeria

  Adult ankle fractures in Malawi were predominantly treated nonoperatively despite often meeting evidence-based criteria for surgery. […] The epidemiology of fracture in Ethiopia provides little knowledge about its distribution and associated factors needed for prevention. […] Understanding the epidemiology of foot and ankle trauma could be useful in health services research and for policy makers. […] A total of 280,933 foot and/or ankle fractures or dislocations were identified. […] The fracture mostly occurred among male children, aged 11 on average, and consulted 24 hours after the trauma. […] The diversity of the lesion is due to the violence of crash because they are almost all due to a traffic road accident.

• #66 Ankle Fractures: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Management | Yavapai Foot and Ankle Center

  https://www.yavapaifac.com/library/ankle-fractures-epidemiology-pathophysiology-management.cfm

  Ankle fractures account for approximately 9% of all fractures, with a higher incidence among active individuals and older adults. Risk factors include high-impact sports, osteoporosis, and previous ankle injuries. Men under 50 years of age are more likely to sustain ankle fractures from high-energy trauma, while women over 65 are predisposed due to low bone density and falls (Doe et al., 2021). […] Biochemical and mechanical disruptions, such as ligament injuries or syndesmotic instability, complicate treatment and recovery (Smith et al., 2022). […] Ankle fractures represent a complex injury requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcomes. Advances in diagnostics, surgical techniques, and rehabilitation strategies have significantly improved patient care. However, challenges such as post-traumatic arthritis and delayed healing remain areas for further research and innovation.

• #67

  https://amj.mk/index.php/amj/article/view/290

  Ankle fractures are among the most common types of fractures, with a rising global incidence, particularly in the elderly population. […] Despite this, comprehensive epidemiological data on all forms of ankle fractures remain limited. […] This study aimed to provide a detailed epidemiological analysis of ankle fractures classified by the AO/OTA system within a cohort from a trauma center in Skopje over a seven-year period. […] The study found that AO/OTA type B fractures were the most common, accounting for 62.9% of cases, predominantly affecting elderly women. […] Men under 45 years had a higher incidence of ankle fractures, often associated with high-energy trauma. […] Seasonal variation was evident, with a peak in fractures during the winter months. […] This study highlights the prevalence of ankle fractures among elderly women and the impact of high-energy trauma in younger males. […] The findings underscore the importance of targeted prevention strategies, particularly in high-risk populations, and call for further research through multicenter studies to validate and extend these insights.

• #68 Complications following surgical treatment of ankle fractures in the elderly: can they be avoided? | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/116370-complications-following-surgical-treatment-of-ankle-fractures-in-the-elderly-can-they-be-avoided

  Our data show massively higher overall, minor and major complications than in younger ones. […] Our findings highlight the urgent need to identify individual risk factors, such as comorbidities, which are emphasized by a remarkable odds ratio. […] It is important to optimize any modifiable factor, especially diagnosis and treatment of concomitant diseases before entering the operating room. […] Considering their impact on postoperative complication rates, orthogeriatric co-assessment, like that used in management of hip fractures, may be helpful in pre- and post-operative course to manage risk factors. […] Perioperative strategies must consider specific needs of ageing patients.

• #69

  https://amj.mk/index.php/amj/article/view/290

  Ankle fractures are among the most common types of fractures, with a rising global incidence, particularly in the elderly population. […] Despite this, comprehensive epidemiological data on all forms of ankle fractures remain limited. […] This study aimed to provide a detailed epidemiological analysis of ankle fractures classified by the AO/OTA system within a cohort from a trauma center in Skopje over a seven-year period. […] The study found that AO/OTA type B fractures were the most common, accounting for 62.9% of cases, predominantly affecting elderly women. […] Men under 45 years had a higher incidence of ankle fractures, often associated with high-energy trauma. […] Seasonal variation was evident, with a peak in fractures during the winter months. […] This study highlights the prevalence of ankle fractures among elderly women and the impact of high-energy trauma in younger males. […] The findings underscore the importance of targeted prevention strategies, particularly in high-risk populations, and call for further research through multicenter studies to validate and extend these insights.

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