Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Broken Ankle Causes, Differences, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.shelbypodiatrypc.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=46:broken-ankle-causes%2C-differences%2C-symptoms-and-treatments

  The ankle is a hinged synovial joint made up of three bones: the tibia (shin bone), the fibula (outer ankle bone), and the talus (between the heel and leg). These three bones are bound, supported, and stabilized by strong, fibrous bands of tissue called ligaments. […] A break in an ankle bone can be either traumatic or stress related. This injury may be referred to as a break or fracture. A traumatic fracture can result from tripping, twisting or rolling the ankle, falling, or by blunt impact to the ankle. These traumatic ankle breaks usually occur during sporting activities or accidents. Stress fractures, however, occur over time and are the result of repetitive stress to the ankle. These fractures sometimes occur when a new activity that engages the ankle is introduced, or when the level of activity is abruptly increased or intensified. […] Proper treatment of a broken ankle will depend on where and how severe the break is, how stable the ankle is, and whether the bone is displaced (misaligned or separated) or non-displaced (broken yet still aligned properly).

• #2

  https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/ankle/broken-ankle

  A fracture is a partial or complete break in a bone. In the ankle, fractures involve the far (distal) ends of the tibia and/or the fibula. […] Ankle fractures are commonly caused by the ankle twisting inward or outward. […] Badly displaced fractures or fractures of both the tibia and fibula commonly need surgery. Restoring alignment of the broken bone is essential to full recovery because ankle arthritis can occur if a fracture heals improperly. The best way to minimize the risk of arthritis is to restore the ankle to as close to normal as possible.

• #3 Broken Ankle (Ankle Fracture) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/broken-ankle

  Whether caused by a simple misstep or a trauma such as a car crash, a fractured (broken) ankle is a painful and common injury. […] Broken ankles can vary significantly in severity from a tiny crack in the bone to a large crack to multiple cracks. […] The ankle can fracture in more than one place, and the surrounding ligaments (which connect the bones to stabilize the joints) are also often damaged. […] The appropriate treatment depends on the location or locations of your fracture. […] Many fibula fractures may require wearing a walking boot or cast for a period of time, whereas most tibia fractures need surgery. […] When both the tibia and fibula are fractured, or the joint is shifted or dislocated, surgery is usually the best option. […] For more serious fractures, including cases where the bones, and in particular the joints, are misaligned from the break, surgery may be necessary.

• #4 Common Causes of a Broken Ankle

  https://www.itascafootandankle.com/component/k2/item/479-common-causes-of-a-broken-ankle

  Common Causes of a Broken Ankle […] Numerous factors can lead to this type of fracture, reminding us of the intricate vulnerability of our feet. Accidents and falls are among the primary culprits, especially when landing awkwardly or with force. High impact sports and activities, marked by sudden twists or impacts, also pose a risk. Osteoporosis is a medical condition that can weaken bones, making them more susceptible to fractures from even minor impacts. Recognizing these triggers is crucial for preventing broken ankles. […] A broken ankle is experienced when a person fractures their tibia or fibula in the lower leg and ankle area. Both of these bones are attached at the bottom of the leg and combine to form what we know to be our ankle. […] When a physician is referring to a break of the ankle, he or she is usually referring to a break in the area where the tibia and fibula are joined to create our ankle joint. Ankles are more prone to fractures because the ankle is an area that suffers a lot of pressure and stress.

• #5 Common Causes of a Broken Ankle

  https://www.orangecountypodiatry.com/component/k2/item/407-common-causes-of-a-broken-ankle

  A broken ankle, a distressing and often unexpected injury, can significantly disrupt daily life. Numerous factors can lead to this type of fracture, reminding us of the intricate vulnerability of our feet. Accidents and falls are among the primary culprits, especially when landing awkwardly or with force. High impact sports and activities, marked by sudden twists or impacts, also pose a risk. Osteoporosis is a medical condition that can weaken bones, making them more susceptible to fractures from even minor impacts. Recognizing these triggers is crucial for preventing broken ankles. […] A broken ankle is experienced when a person fractures their tibia or fibula in the lower leg and ankle area. Both of these bones are attached at the bottom of the leg and combine to form what we know to be our ankle. […] When a physician is referring to a break of the ankle, he or she is usually referring to a break in the area where the tibia and fibula are joined to create our ankle joint. Ankles are more prone to fractures because the ankle is an area that suffers a lot of pressure and stress.

• #6 Broken Ankle Causes, Differences, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.princetonfootandankle.com/blog/item/925-broken-ankle-causes-differences-symptoms-and-treatments

  A break in an ankle bone can be either traumatic or stress related. […] A traumatic fracture can result from tripping, twisting or rolling the ankle, falling, or by blunt impact to the ankle. These traumatic ankle breaks usually occur during sporting activities or accidents. Stress fractures, however, occur over time and are the result of repetitive stress to the ankle. These fractures sometimes occur when a new activity that engages the ankle is introduced, or when the level of activity is abruptly increased or intensified. […] Proper treatment of a broken ankle will depend on where and how severe the break is, how stable the ankle is, and whether the bone is displaced (misaligned or separated) or non-displaced (broken yet still aligned properly).

• #7 Ankle Fracture | Boston Medical Center

  https://www.bmc.org/patient-care/conditions-we-treat/db/ankle-fracture

  A fractured ankle (broken ankle) means that one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint are broken. […] An ankle fracture can range from a simple break in one bone, which may not stop you from walking, to several fractures, which forces your ankle out of place and may require that you not put weight on it for a few months. […] What causes an ankle fracture? Twisting or rotating your ankle, rolling your ankle, tripping or falling, impact during a car accident. […] Fractures can occur at different levels of the medial malleolus. Medial malleolar fractures often occur with a fracture of the fibula (lateral malleolus), a fracture of the back of the tibia (posterior malleolus), or with an injury to the ankle ligaments. […] Depending on how large the fractured piece is, the back of the ankle may be unstable. Some studies have shown that if the piece is bigger than 25% of the ankle joint, the ankle becomes unstable and should be treated with surgery.

• #8 Ankle Fracture | Boston Medical Center

  https://www.bmc.org/patient-care/conditions-we-treat/db/ankle-fracture

  It is important for a posterior malleolus fracture to be diagnosed and treated properly because if it is not, you are more likely to develop arthritis. […] A „bimalleolar equivalent” fracture means that in addition to one of the malleoli being fractured, the ligaments on the inside (medial) side of the ankle are injured. […] These injuries are considered unstable and surgery is usually recommended. […] Trimalleolar fractures means that all three malleoli of the ankle are fractured. These are unstable injuries and they can be associated with a dislocation. […] A syndesmotic injury may be just to the ligament — this is also known as high ankle sprain. Depending on how unstable the ankle is, these injuries can be treated without surgery. However, these sprains take longer to heal than the normal ankle sprain. […] In many cases, these fractures are diagnosed months or years after the injury when the length of the leg is affected or a deformity has already developed.

• #9 Peter Siroka DPM, P.C. – Broken Ankle Causes, Differences, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.petersirokapodiatrist.com/component/k2/item/335-broken-ankle-causes-differences-symptoms-and-treatments

  A break in an ankle bone can be either traumatic or stress related. This injury may be referred to as a break or fracture. A traumatic fracture can result from tripping, twisting or rolling the ankle, falling, or by blunt impact to the ankle. These traumatic ankle breaks usually occur during sporting activities or accidents. […] Stress fractures, however, occur over time and are the result of repetitive stress to the ankle. These fractures sometimes occur when a new activity that engages the ankle is introduced, or when the level of activity is abruptly increased or intensified. […] Proper treatment of a broken ankle will depend on where and how severe the break is, how stable the ankle is, and whether the bone is displaced (misaligned or separated) or non-displaced (broken yet still aligned properly).

• #10 Ankle Fractures (Broken Ankle) – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/ankle-fractures-broken-ankle/

  A broken ankle is also known as an ankle fracture. This means that one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint are broken. […] Many types of injuries can cause an ankle fracture. They include: […] Twisting, rotating, or rolling your ankle while walking or running […] Tripping or falling from a height, such as a fall from a ladder […] Impact during a car accident.

• #11 Broken Ankles: Symptoms & Causes | Ankle Fractures | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/orthopedics/columbia-orthopedics/broken-ankles

  A broken ankle may result from a fall or a twisting injury and can also be caused by a direct impact on the ankle. Causes of a broken ankle include: […] Tripping and falling […] Falling from a height, such as from a ladder […] Twisting, rotating, or rolling the ankle while walking or running […] Strong impact on the ankle when playing certain sports or in a car accident.

• #12 Ankle Fractures Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/ankle-fracture

  Ankle injuries are among the most common of the bone and joint injuries. […] When you stress an ankle joint beyond the strength of its elements, you injure the joint. […] If a bone gives way and breaks, you have an ankle fracture. […] Fractures can occur with simultaneous tears of the ligaments. You can do this in several ways: Rolling the ankle in or out, Twisting the ankle side to side, Flexing or extending the joint, Applying severe force to the joint by coming straight down on it as in jumping from a high level.

• #13 Ankle Fractures: Causes, Types, Treatments, and Recovery | Annapolis Podiatrist | Annapolis Foot & Ankle Center

  https://www.annapolisfootandanklecenter.com/library/ankle-fractures-causes-types-treatments-and-recovery2.cfm

  Ankle fractures typically occur due to excessive force or stress applied to the bones and ligaments of the ankle joint. Several common causes include: […] Trauma: Accidents like falls, sports injuries, or car accidents can lead to ankle fractures. The force applied to the ankle joint during these events can be substantial, causing the bones to break. […] Twisting: Sudden and extreme twisting or rolling of the ankle can also result in fractures. This often happens during activities that require quick directional changes, such as basketball or soccer. […] Osteoporosis: Weakening of the bones due to conditions like osteoporosis makes them more susceptible to fractures from even minor injuries or falls. […] Repetitive Stress: In some cases, repeated stress on the ankle joint, like that experienced by long-distance runners or ballet dancers, can lead to small fractures known as stress fractures.

• #14 Broken Ankle Symptoms, Causes, Pictures, Treatments, and Rehab

  https://www.healthline.com/health/broken-ankle

  A broken ankle occurs when too much force is placed on the ankle. The most common causes include: […] Trips and falls. Losing your balance may lead to trips and falls, which can place excessive weight on your ankle. This might happen if you walk on an uneven surface, wear ill-fitting shoes, or walk around without proper lighting. […] Heavy impact. The force of a jump or fall can result in a broken ankle. It can happen even if you jump from a low height. […] Missteps. You can break your ankle if you put your foot down awkwardly. Your ankle might twist or roll to the side as you put weight on it. […] Sports. High impact sports involve intense movements that place stress on the joints, including the ankle. Examples of high impact sports include soccer, football, and basketball. […] Car collisions. The sudden, heavy impact of a car accident can cause broken ankles. Often, these injuries need surgical repair.

• #15 Broken Ankles & Ankle Fractures | Foot and Ankle | Orthopedic Services | University Hospitals | Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/orthopedic-services/conditions-and-treatments/foot-and-ankle-services/ankle-fractures

  A break or fracture in any of the ankle bones can be painful and disabling. Ranging from hairline fractures to a broken ankle, a fracture should always be evaluated by a foot and ankle specialist to prevent complications and potential loss of function. […] Ankle fractures can occur in people of all ages and are most often the result of sudden, traumatic injury to the bone. If the ligaments, tendons and muscles in your foot and ankle are weak, or you have low bone density due to osteoporosis or other diseases, you’re more likely to sustain a fracture when trauma occurs. […] Common causes of a broken ankle or an ankle fracture include: Repetitive over-flexing or over-extending the joint (common in many athletic activities). Accidental rolling or twisting of the ankle (when stepping off a curb for example). Excessive force to the ankle (such as jumping from a great height and landing forcefully). Blunt force from a heavy object falling on the foot or ankle.

• #16 Ankle Fractures: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments | Rebound Orthopedics & Neurosurgery

  https://www.reboundmd.com/news/ankle-fractures-causes-symptoms-treatments

  Ankle fractures commonly happen at the fibula or tibia, and are usually the result of the ankle twisting or jutting outward or inward. […] Ankle fractures can happen regardless of age, most often because of athletic activity or impact from a fall or accident, says Dr. Rust. However, they are more common among older adults, particularly those who are very active. […] Some common causes of ankle fractures include: Twisting, rotating or rolling ankle, Impact or stress from tripping or falling, Rolling ankle, affecting ligaments that keep the ankle stable, Impact to ankle in a car accident.

• #17 Ankle Fractures: Causes, Types, Treatments, and Recovery | Annapolis Podiatrist | Annapolis Foot & Ankle Center

  https://www.annapolisfootandanklecenter.com/library/ankle-fractures-causes-types-treatments-and-recovery2.cfm

  Ankle fractures typically occur due to excessive force or stress applied to the bones and ligaments of the ankle joint. Several common causes include: […] Trauma: Accidents like falls, sports injuries, or car accidents can lead to ankle fractures. The force applied to the ankle joint during these events can be substantial, causing the bones to break. […] Twisting: Sudden and extreme twisting or rolling of the ankle can also result in fractures. This often happens during activities that require quick directional changes, such as basketball or soccer. […] Osteoporosis: Weakening of the bones due to conditions like osteoporosis makes them more susceptible to fractures from even minor injuries or falls. […] Repetitive Stress: In some cases, repeated stress on the ankle joint, like that experienced by long-distance runners or ballet dancers, can lead to small fractures known as stress fractures.

• #18 Ankle Fracture | Orthopedic & Sports Medicine | Bon Secours

  https://www.bonsecours.com/health-care-services/orthopedics-sports-medicine/foot-ankle/conditions/ankle-fracture

  Ankle fractures are caused by forcefully rotating, twisting or rolling your ankle. Many people experience ankle fractures from automobile accidents or high-impact sports. […] You could sustain an ankle fracture by sudden twisting or rotating your ankle, rolling your ankle, falling, or from impact during an automobile accident. […] Many athletes who play high-impact sports such as football, gymnastics, cheerleading, or soccer suffer ankle injuries.

• #19 Ankle Fractures | Grandville Foot and Ankle

  https://www.grandvillefootcare.com/practice_areas/ankle-fractures.cfm

  Broken ankles are a common injury, as well as one of the most common types of fractures particularly among people who play sports or enjoy maintaining an active lifestyle. […] A fracture can occur if you twist, rotate, or roll your ankle; trip and fall; or sustain a sudden impact any and all of which can happen while playing sports. Other sports-related causes and risk factors for broken ankles include: Playing high-impact sports, such as soccer, basketball, football, gymnastics, or tennis; Wearing old, poorly fitting, or unsupportive athletic shoes; Using sports equipment improperly; Failing to use proper training techniques, like warming up and stretching; Suddenly increasing the frequency, duration, or difficulty of activity. […] A stress fracture is a small break within the bone caused by an abnormal increase in activity or unusual amount of impact on the ankle.

• #20 Broken Ankle (Fractured Ankle): Symptoms & Recovery Time

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21644-broken-ankle

  A broken ankle happens when you break one or more bones in your ankle joint. […] Broken ankle causes include: Being in a motor vehicle accident, Playing sports, particularly sports where you’re likely to be hit on your ankle or you make sudden moves that twist your ankle, Falling from a significant height, Tripping and falling, Taking a misstep and rolling your ankle.

• #21 Broken ankle

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20449482

  A broken ankle is usually a result of a twisting injury, but can also be caused by a direct blow to the ankle. […] The most common causes of a broken ankle include: Car accidents. The crushing injuries common in car accidents may cause breaks that require surgical repair. […] Falls. Tripping and falling can break bones in your ankles, as can landing on your feet after jumping down from just a slight height. […] Missteps. Sometimes just putting your foot down wrong can result in a twisting injury that can cause a broken bone.

• #22 Ankle Fracture Surgery: Procedure, Recovery | Sforzo Dillingham

  https://sforzodillingham.com/ankle-fracture-surgery/

  A broken ankle is among the most common causes of pain in the ankle or foot. […] Bones of the ankle are broken mainly by a rotational injury. Often, this type of injury causes your ankle to twist, roll, or turn while walking, jumping, or running. A high-force impact from an automobile collision or a fall can also lead to ankle fractures.

• #23 Broken Ankle Symptoms, Causes, Pictures, Treatments, and Rehab

  https://www.healthline.com/health/broken-ankle

  Overuse. Repetitive force or trauma to the ankle can cause a stress fracture, which is a small crack in the bone. This type of injury is often seen in runners and other athletes. […] Trauma. Intense force to the ankle can cause crush injury and fracture. This could be caused by a heavy object falling on the foot or heavy machinery running over the ankle.

• #24 Foot & Ankle Stress Fractures: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_stress-fractures-foot-ankle.asp

  Stress fractures generally occur by one of two ways: […] People who have very weak bones from a separate, underlying condition (such as osteoporosis) sustain a stress fracture in the foot even from fairly low-impact activities such as frequent walking. This type of stress fracture is called an „insufficiency fracture” because it happens in a bone that does not have „sufficient” density or strength to withstand normal impact forces. […] The foot and ankle are the most common parts of the body to experience a stress fracture because we are constantly on our feet. […] Stress fractures also occur in people who quickly increase the amount of a certain kind of activity. […] Shoes that provide poor support, such as high heels which place a lot of pressure on the toes as well as old, stiff shoes can put a person at risk. […] Finally, people with foot deformities that change their load bearing can develop stress fractures.

• #25 Broken Ankle: Types of Fractures, Diagnosis & Treatments | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_ankle-fractures.asp

  Broken ankles are usually caused by a rotational injury, where the ankle becomes twisted, turned or rolled while walking or running, such as during sports activity. But they can also be caused by a high-force impact, such as from a fall or automobile collision. […] Breaks that occur suddenly, during a specific incident or injury, are known as traumatic ankle fractures. But a bone in the ankle can also break due to repetitive stress or impact over time. These are called stress fractures. […] An ankle stress fracture usually occurs some time after a person begins a new activity that involves significant impact of the foot, such as hiking, running or field sports. They can also occur in an active person who quickly increases their activity, for example when someone who is accustomed to jogging a few miles a week begins to train for a 26-mile marathon.

• #26 Broken Ankle Causes, Differences, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.drsjfisher.com/featured-articles/item/1023-broken-ankle-causes-differences-symptoms-and-treatments.html

  A break in an ankle bone can be either traumatic or stress related. […] A traumatic fracture can result from tripping, twisting or rolling the ankle, falling, or by blunt impact to the ankle. These traumatic ankle breaks usually occur during sporting activities or accidents. Stress fractures, however, occur over time and are the result of repetitive stress to the ankle. These fractures sometimes occur when a new activity that engages the ankle is introduced, or when the level of activity is abruptly increased or intensified.

• #27 Expert Broken Ankle Treatment North Seattle | Foot and Ankle Center of Lake City

  https://www.bergdpm.com/library/broken-ankle.cfm

  According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, doctors have noticed an increase in the number and severity of broken ankles since the 1970s, due, in part, to the Baby Boomer generation being active throughout every stage of their lives. […] There are a wide variety of causes for broken ankles, most commonly a fall caused by a misstep, an automobile accident, or sports-related trauma. […] Risk factors that lead to a broken ankle are: participation in high impact sports, increasing your activity level too quickly (such as training for a race), failing to stretch and warm-up enough before exercise, wearing unsupportive, worn-out shoes, or incorrect shoes for your sport, osteoporosis or thinning of the bones, smoking which can lead to osteoporosis, post-menopausal and underweight woman – these can also lead to thinning of the bones, living in a cluttered home (is often a high risk for older adults), balance problems.

• #28 Broken foot – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-foot/symptoms-causes/syc-20355492

  Overuse. Stress fractures are common in the weight-bearing bones of the feet. Repeated force or overuse over time, such as running long distances, most often is the cause of these tiny cracks. But they also can happen with regular use of a bone that’s been weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis.

• #29 Broken/Fractured Ankle Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.donjoystore.com/injury-info-center/ankle-injury-guide/broken-ankle?srsltid=AfmBOopfOl-APGAuOQ0xsxa0Ldtrhw8r2x9O3t0HLelE-gYe1YrMdHjn

  A broken ankle is also known as an ankle fracture. This occurs when one or more bones that connect the ankle joint are separated into pieces. […] Broken ankles are usually caused by rolling or twisting the ankle when tripping or falling. They can also occur during impact – such during sports or in a car accident. […] Broken ankles can affect people of all ages, though they are more common in physically active individuals.

• #30 Foot & Ankle Stress Fractures: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_stress-fractures-foot-ankle.asp

  Stress fractures generally occur by one of two ways: […] People who have very weak bones from a separate, underlying condition (such as osteoporosis) sustain a stress fracture in the foot even from fairly low-impact activities such as frequent walking. This type of stress fracture is called an „insufficiency fracture” because it happens in a bone that does not have „sufficient” density or strength to withstand normal impact forces. […] The foot and ankle are the most common parts of the body to experience a stress fracture because we are constantly on our feet. […] Stress fractures also occur in people who quickly increase the amount of a certain kind of activity. […] Shoes that provide poor support, such as high heels which place a lot of pressure on the toes as well as old, stiff shoes can put a person at risk. […] Finally, people with foot deformities that change their load bearing can develop stress fractures.

• #31 Expert Broken Ankle Treatment North Seattle | Foot and Ankle Center of Lake City

  https://www.bergdpm.com/library/broken-ankle.cfm

  According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, doctors have noticed an increase in the number and severity of broken ankles since the 1970s, due, in part, to the Baby Boomer generation being active throughout every stage of their lives. […] There are a wide variety of causes for broken ankles, most commonly a fall caused by a misstep, an automobile accident, or sports-related trauma. […] Risk factors that lead to a broken ankle are: participation in high impact sports, increasing your activity level too quickly (such as training for a race), failing to stretch and warm-up enough before exercise, wearing unsupportive, worn-out shoes, or incorrect shoes for your sport, osteoporosis or thinning of the bones, smoking which can lead to osteoporosis, post-menopausal and underweight woman – these can also lead to thinning of the bones, living in a cluttered home (is often a high risk for older adults), balance problems.

• #32 Ankle Fractures | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/a/ankle-fractures.html

  Ankle fractures most often happen when your foot lands an uneven step, floor or playing field, and tilts. If the ankle does not get straightened in time, it can be severely twisted out of position and the bones can fracture. […] The peroneal muscles running along the outside of lower leg and across the ankle are responsible for supporting your ankle. If they are weak, your chances of fracturing or spraining an ankle go up.

• #33 Expert Broken Ankle Treatment North Seattle | Foot and Ankle Center of Lake City

  https://www.bergdpm.com/library/broken-ankle.cfm

  According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, doctors have noticed an increase in the number and severity of broken ankles since the 1970s, due, in part, to the Baby Boomer generation being active throughout every stage of their lives. […] There are a wide variety of causes for broken ankles, most commonly a fall caused by a misstep, an automobile accident, or sports-related trauma. […] Risk factors that lead to a broken ankle are: participation in high impact sports, increasing your activity level too quickly (such as training for a race), failing to stretch and warm-up enough before exercise, wearing unsupportive, worn-out shoes, or incorrect shoes for your sport, osteoporosis or thinning of the bones, smoking which can lead to osteoporosis, post-menopausal and underweight woman – these can also lead to thinning of the bones, living in a cluttered home (is often a high risk for older adults), balance problems.

• #34 Expert Broken Ankle Treatment North Seattle | Foot and Ankle Center of Lake City

  https://www.bergdpm.com/library/broken-ankle.cfm

  According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, doctors have noticed an increase in the number and severity of broken ankles since the 1970s, due, in part, to the Baby Boomer generation being active throughout every stage of their lives. […] There are a wide variety of causes for broken ankles, most commonly a fall caused by a misstep, an automobile accident, or sports-related trauma. […] Risk factors that lead to a broken ankle are: participation in high impact sports, increasing your activity level too quickly (such as training for a race), failing to stretch and warm-up enough before exercise, wearing unsupportive, worn-out shoes, or incorrect shoes for your sport, osteoporosis or thinning of the bones, smoking which can lead to osteoporosis, post-menopausal and underweight woman – these can also lead to thinning of the bones, living in a cluttered home (is often a high risk for older adults), balance problems.

• #35 Ankle Fracture – Definition, Anatomy & Causes – Town Center Orthopaedics

  https://www.towncenterortho.com/blog/ankle-fracture-definition-anatomy-causes/

  Ankle fractures can result from almost any activity involving walking, running or jumping. Consequently, these injuries commonly occur during sporting activities. However, they also often occur during everyday activities. […] The primary mechanism for this injury is usually a twisting injury. Whereas an ankle sprain is most often caused by the ankle rolling over onto the backside of the foot, an ankle fracture usually results when the foot is twisted away from your other foot (external rotation). However, an ankle fracture can occur with your foot and ankle in almost any position. […] Ankle fractures are very common injuries. They result when one of the three ankle bones sustains a break. They can occur from almost any weight bearing activity.

• #36 Ankle Fractures Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/ankle-fracture

  Ankle injuries are among the most common of the bone and joint injuries. […] When you stress an ankle joint beyond the strength of its elements, you injure the joint. […] If a bone gives way and breaks, you have an ankle fracture. […] Fractures can occur with simultaneous tears of the ligaments. You can do this in several ways: Rolling the ankle in or out, Twisting the ankle side to side, Flexing or extending the joint, Applying severe force to the joint by coming straight down on it as in jumping from a high level.

• #37 Foot and Ankle Fractures – How Can a Podiatrist Help?

  https://www.footankleinstitute.com/conditions/fractures-breaks/broken-ankle

  A break in one or more of the bones of the foot is called a fracture. It could happen due to a trauma, like a fall, accident or an injury. […] When bones receive more force than they can endure, they can break, or fracture. […] Stress fractures occur when pressure is placed on the weak points of the feet. They are a common injury in people who have osteoporosis, and in the elderly who may have weaker and more brittle bones. It also occurs quite often among athletes who over exercise and train for sports that involve a lot of running, like athletics, basketball, football, etc. The bones of the midfoot, the metatarsals, are especially vulnerable to stress fractures, in runners. […] Fractures of the ankle joint – These can be quite severe and very often surgery may be needed. One may need to wear a cast for several weeks or more. […] More complex or unstable fractures may need surgery. Our skilled foot and ankle surgeons surgically reposition your bones and may use screws or rods to hold them in place as they heal.

• #38 Foot & ankle fractures – causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment

  https://os.clinic/conditions/foot-ankle/fractures/

  A pilon fracture often occurs after impact from incidents such as a car accident or a fall from height. […] These injuries are usually the result of a twisting fall which can break or displace the bones and cause damage to the surrounding cartilage. […] Stress fractures can be caused over a period of time. […] Stress fractures often happen in bones that bear the heaviest load, such as the second and third metatarsals in the foot, which are not only thinner than the first metatarsal but also take the brunt of the impact when running or walking.

• #39 Foot & Ankle Stress Fractures: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_stress-fractures-foot-ankle.asp

  Stress fractures generally occur by one of two ways: […] People who have very weak bones from a separate, underlying condition (such as osteoporosis) sustain a stress fracture in the foot even from fairly low-impact activities such as frequent walking. This type of stress fracture is called an „insufficiency fracture” because it happens in a bone that does not have „sufficient” density or strength to withstand normal impact forces. […] The foot and ankle are the most common parts of the body to experience a stress fracture because we are constantly on our feet. […] Stress fractures also occur in people who quickly increase the amount of a certain kind of activity. […] Shoes that provide poor support, such as high heels which place a lot of pressure on the toes as well as old, stiff shoes can put a person at risk. […] Finally, people with foot deformities that change their load bearing can develop stress fractures.

• #40 Foot & ankle fractures – causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment

  https://os.clinic/conditions/foot-ankle/fractures/

  A pilon fracture often occurs after impact from incidents such as a car accident or a fall from height. […] These injuries are usually the result of a twisting fall which can break or displace the bones and cause damage to the surrounding cartilage. […] Stress fractures can be caused over a period of time. […] Stress fractures often happen in bones that bear the heaviest load, such as the second and third metatarsals in the foot, which are not only thinner than the first metatarsal but also take the brunt of the impact when running or walking.

• #41 Trimalleolar Fracture: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21803-trimalleolar-fracture

  Trimalleolar fractures can have several causes: […] Motor vehicle accidents. […] Falls. […] Playing sports. […] Tripping. […] Abruptly „rolling” or rotating your ankle.

• #42 Ankle Fracture | Boston Medical Center

  https://www.bmc.org/patient-care/conditions-we-treat/db/ankle-fracture

  It is important for a posterior malleolus fracture to be diagnosed and treated properly because if it is not, you are more likely to develop arthritis. […] A „bimalleolar equivalent” fracture means that in addition to one of the malleoli being fractured, the ligaments on the inside (medial) side of the ankle are injured. […] These injuries are considered unstable and surgery is usually recommended. […] Trimalleolar fractures means that all three malleoli of the ankle are fractured. These are unstable injuries and they can be associated with a dislocation. […] A syndesmotic injury may be just to the ligament — this is also known as high ankle sprain. Depending on how unstable the ankle is, these injuries can be treated without surgery. However, these sprains take longer to heal than the normal ankle sprain. […] In many cases, these fractures are diagnosed months or years after the injury when the length of the leg is affected or a deformity has already developed.

• #43 Ankle Fracture | Boston Medical Center

  https://www.bmc.org/patient-care/conditions-we-treat/db/ankle-fracture

  It is important for a posterior malleolus fracture to be diagnosed and treated properly because if it is not, you are more likely to develop arthritis. […] A „bimalleolar equivalent” fracture means that in addition to one of the malleoli being fractured, the ligaments on the inside (medial) side of the ankle are injured. […] These injuries are considered unstable and surgery is usually recommended. […] Trimalleolar fractures means that all three malleoli of the ankle are fractured. These are unstable injuries and they can be associated with a dislocation. […] A syndesmotic injury may be just to the ligament — this is also known as high ankle sprain. Depending on how unstable the ankle is, these injuries can be treated without surgery. However, these sprains take longer to heal than the normal ankle sprain. […] In many cases, these fractures are diagnosed months or years after the injury when the length of the leg is affected or a deformity has already developed.

• #44 Ankle Fractures | Grandville Foot and Ankle

  https://www.grandvillefootcare.com/practice_areas/ankle-fractures.cfm

  Untreated severe ankle fractures may lead to complications in the future such as ankle instability and/or deformity, ankle arthritis, osteochondritis dessicans, ankle misalignments and deformities, chronic swelling and pain around and in the ankle. […] Even a very small misalignment or displacement of bone in a joint can lead to severe ankle arthritis and chronic pain in the future.

• #45 Broken Ankle (Ankle Fracture) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/broken-ankle

  Whether caused by a simple misstep or a trauma such as a car crash, a fractured (broken) ankle is a painful and common injury. […] Broken ankles can vary significantly in severity from a tiny crack in the bone to a large crack to multiple cracks. […] The ankle can fracture in more than one place, and the surrounding ligaments (which connect the bones to stabilize the joints) are also often damaged. […] The appropriate treatment depends on the location or locations of your fracture. […] Many fibula fractures may require wearing a walking boot or cast for a period of time, whereas most tibia fractures need surgery. […] When both the tibia and fibula are fractured, or the joint is shifted or dislocated, surgery is usually the best option. […] For more serious fractures, including cases where the bones, and in particular the joints, are misaligned from the break, surgery may be necessary.

• #46 Nerve Treatment for Ankle Fracture Pain | Baltimore Peripheral Nerve Surgeon | Dr. Eric H. Williams

  https://www.baltimoreperipheralnervepain.com/library/nerve-treatment-for-pain-after-a-baltimore-ankle-fracture.cfm

  An ankle fracture can take a long time to heal. How long it takes depends on factors such as: […] A common cause of chronic pain after an ankle fracture is an issue with the nerves, such as: […] Nerve damage. Nerves could become damaged during the injury if they were stretched or torn, or nerves could be unintentionally cut or severed during a surgical procedure. Nerve damage can lead to pain. […] Nerve entrapment. Nerves can become trapped in tissue either during the injury or as a result of surgery. When nerves are trapped in scar tissue and the tissue hardens, pressure can be put on the nerves and cause pain. […] Chronic pain that lasts more than six months after surgery can be the result of damaged or injured nerves. […] A nerve specialist may recommend surgery if conservative methods are ineffective in relieving nerve pain after an ankle fracture.

• #47 Nerve Treatment for Ankle Fracture Pain | Baltimore Peripheral Nerve Surgeon | Dr. Eric H. Williams

  https://www.baltimoreperipheralnervepain.com/library/nerve-treatment-for-pain-after-a-baltimore-ankle-fracture.cfm

  An ankle fracture can take a long time to heal. How long it takes depends on factors such as: […] A common cause of chronic pain after an ankle fracture is an issue with the nerves, such as: […] Nerve damage. Nerves could become damaged during the injury if they were stretched or torn, or nerves could be unintentionally cut or severed during a surgical procedure. Nerve damage can lead to pain. […] Nerve entrapment. Nerves can become trapped in tissue either during the injury or as a result of surgery. When nerves are trapped in scar tissue and the tissue hardens, pressure can be put on the nerves and cause pain. […] Chronic pain that lasts more than six months after surgery can be the result of damaged or injured nerves. […] A nerve specialist may recommend surgery if conservative methods are ineffective in relieving nerve pain after an ankle fracture.

• #48 Ankle Fracture – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542324/

  Ankle fractures can be caused by various types of trauma, such as twisting, impact, and crush injuries. Falling, tripping, or sports activities may lead to twisting forces through the ankle. Impact injuries can occur from a fall from height, resulting in impaction of the distal tibia and fibula against the talus. An ankle crush injury may result from a road traffic accident or the ankle being trapped under a heavy object. The degree of bony comminution and soft tissue damage is directly related to the energy of the trauma. […] Ankle fractures are common injuries that could result from a range of mechanisms, such as a trivial twisting in frail adults up to high-energy trauma in the young population. Treatment of ankle fractures aims to restore joint alignment and stability to reduce the risk of post-traumatic ankle arthritis.

• #49 Broken Ankle Causes, Differences, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.princetonfootandankle.com/blog/item/925-broken-ankle-causes-differences-symptoms-and-treatments

  A break in an ankle bone can be either traumatic or stress related. […] A traumatic fracture can result from tripping, twisting or rolling the ankle, falling, or by blunt impact to the ankle. These traumatic ankle breaks usually occur during sporting activities or accidents. Stress fractures, however, occur over time and are the result of repetitive stress to the ankle. These fractures sometimes occur when a new activity that engages the ankle is introduced, or when the level of activity is abruptly increased or intensified. […] Proper treatment of a broken ankle will depend on where and how severe the break is, how stable the ankle is, and whether the bone is displaced (misaligned or separated) or non-displaced (broken yet still aligned properly).

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