Szczepionka przeciw wirusowi brodawczaka ludzkiego
Etiologia i przyczyny

Wirus brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV) jest głównym czynnikiem etiologicznym nowotworów narządów płciowych, w tym raka szyjki macicy, z ponad 200 typami wirusa, z których około 40 przenoszonych jest drogą płciową. Typy HPV wysokiego ryzyka, zwłaszcza 16 i 18, odpowiadają za około 70% przypadków raka szyjki macicy, a dodatkowe genotypy (31, 33, 45, 52, 58) za kolejne 20%. Szczepionki HPV (dwuwalentna, czterowalentna i dziewięciowalentna) zawierają białka wirusa, które stymulują układ odpornościowy do produkcji przeciwciał, zapewniając niemal 100% skuteczność w zapobieganiu przetrwałym infekcjom typów objętych szczepionką. Szczepienia zaleca się przede wszystkim przed rozpoczęciem aktywności seksualnej, optymalnie w wieku 11-12 lat, co pozwala na uzyskanie silnej odpowiedzi immunologicznej i znacząco redukuje ryzyko rozwoju stanów przedrakowych i nowotworów szyjki macicy oraz brodawek narządów płciowych.

Etiologia szczepionki przeciw wirusowi brodawczaka ludzkiego

Wirus brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV) jest powszechną infekcją przenoszoną drogą płciową, która stanowi główną przyczynę różnych nowotworów, w tym raka szyjki macicy, sromu, pochwy, prącia, odbytu oraz jamy ustnej i gardła. HPV to grupa ponad 200 znanych wirusów, spośród których ponad 40 jest przenoszonych przez bezpośredni kontakt seksualny12. W większości przypadków zakażenia HPV ustępują samoistnie, jednak przetrwałe infekcje wysokiego ryzyka mogą prowadzić do rozwoju komórek rakowych34.

Związek między rakiem szyjki macicy a zachowaniem seksualnym był podejrzewany przez ponad 100 lat i został ustalony przez badania epidemiologiczne w latach 60. XX wieku. W latach 80. wykazano, że komórki raka szyjki macicy zawierają DNA wirusa HPV, a badania epidemiologiczne z lat 90. potwierdziły konsekwentny związek między HPV a rakiem szyjki macicy5.

Mechanizm powstawania raka związany z HPV

Typy HPV wysokiego ryzyka działają jako karcynogeny w rozwoju raka szyjki macicy i innych nowotworów narządów płciowych. Wysokie ryzyko HPV wykrywa się w 99% stanów przedrakowych szyjki macicy6. Infekcja typami wysokiego ryzyka HPV jest uważana za konieczną do rozwoju raka szyjki macicy, ale sama w sobie nie jest wystarczająca, aby spowodować raka7.

HPV infekuje komórki nabłonkowe wyściełające powierzchnie błon śluzowych ciała. Gdy HPV wnika do tych komórek, na przykład w gardle, układzie płciowym lub odbycie, powoduje, że komórki wytwarzają białka HPV. W większości przypadków układ odpornościowy rozpoznaje zakażone komórki i eliminuje je, usuwając infekcję. Jednak w niektórych przypadkach dochodzi do przetrwałej infekcji, powodującej mutacje komórek, które ostatecznie mogą prowadzić do rozwoju raka8.

Typy HPV i ich związek z nowotworem

Zidentyfikowano ponad 100 różnych typów HPV, z czego ponad 40 jest znanych z infekowania szyjki macicy, a około 15 jest znanych z powodowania raka szyjki macicy. Badacze sklasyfikowali typy HPV jako wysokiego lub niskiego ryzyka wywołania raka szyjki macicy9.

Typy HPV 6 i 11 powodują około 90% brodawek narządów płciowych. Te typy są uważane za niskie ryzyko, ponieważ nie powodują raka szyjki macicy10.

Typy 16 i 18 to typy wysokiego ryzyka, które powodują większość (około 70%) przypadków raka szyjki macicy. Typy HPV 31, 33, 45, 52 i 58 są również typami wysokiego ryzyka i powodują około 20% raków szyjki macicy. Inne typy wysokiego ryzyka (35, 39, 51, 56 i 59) również mogą powodować raka szyjki macicy, ale są mniej powszechne11.

Około 80% kobiet i mężczyzn zostało oszacowanych jako zakażonymi HPV do 45 roku życia12. Według szacunków, jeśli osoba nie zostanie zaszczepiona przeciwko HPV, to istnieje 75% prawdopodobieństwo, że w pewnym momencie życia dojdzie do zakażenia HPV13.

Mechanizm działania szczepionki przeciw HPV

Szczepionka przeciwko HPV zapobiega zakażeniu typami wirusa brodawczaka ludzkiego, które mogą powodować nowotwory i brodawki narządów płciowych. Działa ona poprzez dostarczenie organizmowi bezpiecznego sposobu na zbudowanie świadomości układu odpornościowego o niektórych szczepach HPV14. Oznacza to, że organizm ma łatwiejszą drogę do usunięcia tych szczepów wirusa, jeśli osoba zarazi się nimi później.

Skład i sposób produkcji szczepionki

Szczepionka HPV jest wytwarzana przy użyciu białka, które znajduje się na powierzchni wirusa. Białko to jest hodowane w laboratorium w komórkach drożdży. Po wyhodowaniu białko samo składa się tak, aby wyglądało jak wirus HPV. Co istotne, nie zawiera ono materiału genetycznego HPV, więc nie może się rozmnażać ani powodować choroby15. Szczepionka nie zawiera żadnych żywych wirusów, dlatego nie może wywołać zakażenia HPV ani nowotworów16.

Szczepionka HPV zawiera cząsteczki białkowe bez żywego wirusa, ale różnią się one liczbą zawartych podtypów wirusa. Szczepionki dwuwalentne (2 podtypy) i czterowalentne (4 podtypy) są prekwalifikowane przez WHO, a trzecią opcją jest szczepionka dziewięciowalentna (9 podtypów), która jest głównie dostępna w krajach o wysokich dochodach. Wszystkie trzy szczepionki zawierają genotypy HPV 16 i 18, które odpowiadają za około 70% przypadków raka szyjki macicy na całym świecie. Szczepionki cztero- i dziewięciowalentne dodatkowo chronią przed zakażeniem genotypami HPV 6 i 11, które powodują brodawki narządów płciowych. Szczepionka dziewięciowalentna oferuje najwyższy poziom ochrony, obejmując dodatkowe pięć genotypów HPV17.

Mechanizm immunologiczny

Szczepionki HPV działają podobnie do innych szczepionek chroniących przed zakażeniem wirusowym: poprzez stymulowanie układu odpornościowego organizmu do produkcji przeciwciał. Dzięki temu, jeśli wirus zostanie napotkany później, przeciwciała te zwiążą się z nim i zapobiegną zakażeniu komórek18.

Szczepionka HPV powoduje, że układ odpornościowy wytwarza przeciwciała chroniące organizm przed zakażeniem HPV19. Badania wykazały, że szczepionka HPV jest skuteczna w niemal 100% w zapobieganiu przetrwałym infekcjom powodowanym przez typy HPV zawarte w szczepionce20.

Skuteczność szczepionki przeciw HPV

Szczepionka HPV jest wysoce skuteczna w zapobieganiu zakażeniom HPV i chorobom z nim związanym, gdy jest podawana przed pierwszą ekspozycją na wirusa. Badania kliniczne wykazały, że szczepionki HPV są wysoce skuteczne w zapobieganiu zakażeniu szyjki macicy typami HPV, na które są ukierunkowane, gdy podaje się je przed pierwszą ekspozycją na wirusa – to znaczy zanim osoby zaczną być aktywne seksualnie21.

Skuteczność w zapobieganiu nowotworom

Szczepionka HPV zapobiega ponad 90% nowotworów powodowanych przez HPV22. Ponieważ zmiany komórkowe i nowotwory powodowane przez HPV rozwijają się przez lata, dopiero niedawno potwierdzono, że szczepionki zmniejszają również ryzyko wystąpienia tych zmian. Badania i dane z obserwacji populacyjnych wykazały, że szczepionki znacznie zmniejszają ryzyko stanów przedrakowych i nowotworów szyjki macicy, pochwy i sromu u zaszczepionych kobiet23.

Badania wykazały, że:

  • Szczepienie HPV u kobiet jest bardzo skuteczne w zapobieganiu zakażeniom HPV oraz stanom przedrakowym i nowotworom szyjki macicy powodowanym przez typy HPV objęte szczepionką24.
  • Szczepienie HPV u kobiet zmniejsza ryzyko wystąpienia brodawek narządów płciowych i przeniesienia brodawek na partnerów seksualnych25.
  • Szczepienie HPV u mężczyzn zmniejsza ryzyko wystąpienia brodawek narządów płciowych i zakażenia HPV prącia, co zmniejsza ryzyko przeniesienia HPV na partnerów seksualnych26.
  • Szczepienie HPV zmniejsza również ryzyko raka odbytu zarówno u mężczyzn, jak i u kobiet27.
  • Szczepienie HPV zapobiega zakażeniu HPV jamy ustnej, które jest związane z rakiem jamy ustnej i gardła (orofaryngealnym). Oczekuje się, że szczepionka może zmniejszyć ryzyko tego raka28.

Znacznie zmniejszyło się występowanie brodawek narządów płciowych i stanów przedrakowych szyjki macicy od czasu wprowadzenia szczepień HPV. Szczepionka HPV stała się powszechnie dostępna dla kobiet w 2006 roku w celu zapobiegania rakowi szyjki macicy. Od tego czasu wskaźniki zachorowań na raka szyjki macicy spadły. Zakażenia HPV związane z rakiem i brodawkami narządów płciowych spadły o ponad 80%29.

Skuteczność w różnych grupach wiekowych

Skuteczność szczepionki HPV jest najwyższa, gdy pełna seria jest podawana w młodym wieku30. Szczepionka HPV jest najbardziej skuteczna, gdy podaje się ją przed ekspozycją na HPV, która jest rozprzestrzeniana przez intymny kontakt seksualny31.

Optymalna odpowiedź immunologiczna jest osiągana, gdy szczepionka jest podawana nastolatkom, a nie starszym kobietom i mężczyznom. Szczepionki HPV oferują najlepszą ochronę chłopcom i dziewczętom, którzy ukończą serię szczepień i mają czas na rozwinięcie silnej odpowiedzi immunologicznej na długo przed rozpoczęciem aktywności seksualnej z inną osobą32.

Niedawne badanie wykazało, że szczepionka HPV jest skuteczna w 83% w zapobieganiu rozprzestrzenianiu się HPV u kobiet, które nigdy nie miały kontaktu z wirusem, ale tylko w 53% skuteczna dla tych, które miały wcześniejszy kontakt z nim33.

Ograniczenia skuteczności szczepionki HPV

Mimo wysokiej skuteczności szczepionki przeciwko HPV, istnieją pewne ograniczenia, o których należy pamiętać.

Brak skuteczności w leczeniu istniejących infekcji

Szczepionka HPV nie eliminuje potrzeby badań przesiewowych w kierunku raka szyjki macicy, ponieważ do 30% nowotworów szyjki macicy jest spowodowanych przez typy HPV, przed którymi nie chronią szczepionki czterowalentne lub dwuwalentne, a 15% nowotworów szyjki macicy jest spowodowanych przez typy HPV, przed którymi nie chroni szczepionka dziewięciowalentna34.

Szczepionki HPV są profilaktyczne (tj. zapobiegają nowym zakażeniom HPV). Nie zapobiegają progresji zakażenia HPV do choroby, nie skracają czasu do usunięcia zakażenia HPV ani nie leczą chorób związanych z HPV35.

Szczepionka HPV zapobiega chorobie wywołanej przez HPV, ale nie leczy istniejących zakażeń HPV36. Gdy osoba już ma HPV, skuteczność szczepionki może nie być tak dobra lub w ogóle nie działać. Jednakże, jeśli osoba ma jeden typ HPV, szczepionka może nadal chronić przed innymi typami, których jeszcze nie ma37.

ACIP (Komitet Doradczy ds. Praktyk Szczepień) zaleca, aby osoby, które mają zakażenie HPV i/lub nieprawidłowy wynik testu Pap, który może wskazywać na zakażenie HPV, nadal otrzymywały szczepionkę HPV, jeśli są w odpowiedniej grupie wiekowej (9-26 lat), ponieważ szczepionka może chronić je przed typami HPV wysokiego ryzyka, z którymi jeszcze się nie zetknęły. Jednak osoby te powinny zostać poinformowane, że szczepienie nie wyleczy ich z obecnych zakażeń HPV ani nie będzie leczyć nieprawidłowych wyników testu Pap38.

Ochrona przed wybranymi typami HPV

Szczepionka przeciwko HPV chroni przed wieloma, ale nie wszystkimi typami HPV, które mogą powodować raka. Szczepionka HPV chroni przed typami HPV, które powodują około 9 na 10 przypadków raka szyjki macicy. Ponieważ szczepionka nie zapobiega wszystkim typom HPV, które mogą powodować raka, kobiety nadal muszą regularnie poddawać się badaniom przesiewowym w kierunku raka szyjki macicy39.

Szczepionka HPV nie chroni przed innymi chorobami przenoszonymi drogą płciową, takimi jak kiła, rzeżączka, chlamydia i wirus opryszczki, a szczepionka HPV nie zapobiega wszystkim niebezpiecznym typom HPV; zapobiega większości z nich40.

Chociaż szczepionka HPV zmniejsza ryzyko HPV-związanych nowotworów, to kobiety, które otrzymały szczepionkę HPV, nadal potrzebują regularnych badań przesiewowych w kierunku raka szyjki macicy. Jest to konieczne, ponieważ szczepionka nie chroni przed wszystkimi typami HPV, które mogą prowadzić do raka szyjki macicy41.

Populacje docelowe dla szczepienia przeciw HPV

Szczepienie przeciwko HPV jest zalecane dla kobiet i mężczyzn w wieku 11 lub 12 lat w celu zapobiegania zakażeniom HPV i chorobom związanym z HPV, w tym niektórym nowotworom42.

Zalecenia dotyczące wieku szczepienia

Szczepionka HPV jest zalecana dla nastolatków (dziewcząt i chłopców) rozpoczynających w wieku 9-12 lat i może być podawana do 26 roku życia43. Idealny wiek na szczepienie HPV to 12-13 lat44.

Szczepionka HPV jest zalecana dla nastolatków w wieku 11-12 lat, aby chronić ich przed wirusami, które mogą powodować nowotwory związane z HPV później w życiu45. Szczepionka HPV zapewnia długotrwałą ochronę przed HPV46.

Szczepionka HPV działa najlepiej, gdy podaje się ją przed rozpoczęciem aktywności seksualnej. Po tym, jak osoba zaangażuje się w aktywność seksualną, jest znacznie bardziej prawdopodobne, że zostanie narażona na jeden lub więcej szczepów HPV47.

Grupa ryzyka i szczególne wskazania

Szczepionka HPV może zmniejszyć ryzyko związanych z HPV nowotworów u każdej osoby, która jest (lub będzie kiedyś) aktywna seksualnie48. Najlepszą obroną przed wirusem jest to, aby każdy, niezależnie od płci, został zaszczepiony przed rozpoczęciem aktywności seksualnej49.

Szczepienie HPV jest również zalecane dla:

  • Osób w wieku 9-25 lat
  • Mężczyzn mających stosunki seksualne z mężczyznami (jeśli nie byli wcześniej szczepieni przeciwko HPV)
  • Osób z istotnymi stanami immunokompromitującymi (w wieku 9 lat i więcej)50

Nawet jeśli dana osoba ma jedną infekcję HPV, nadal może odnieść korzyści ze szczepionki, ponieważ może ona chronić przed innymi szczepami, których jeszcze nie ma51.

Bezpieczeństwo szczepionki przeciw HPV

Dane wskazują, że szczepionka HPV jest bezpieczna i dobrze tolerowana. Szczepionka HPV chroni przed niektórymi nowotworami i brodawkami narządów płciowych i jest bezpieczna. Jedyne znane skutki uboczne są łagodne, takie jak ból, zaczerwienienie lub obrzęk w miejscu wstrzyknięcia lub niska gorączka. Dlatego korzyści ze szczepionki HPV przewyższają jej ryzyko52.

Badania nad bezpieczeństwem szczepionki

Większość badań nadal sugeruje pozytywny stosunek korzyści do ryzyka szczepienia przeciwko HPV, z minimalnymi udokumentowanymi działaniami niepożądanymi, co jest zgodne z innymi szczepionkami53.

W przypadku szczepionek HPV dowody sugerują, że ich potencjał do wywołania zagrażających życiu skutków ubocznych jest bardzo niski, a odpowiedzi autoimmunologiczne są największym problemem54.

Szczepionka HPV przeszła rygorystyczne testy bezpieczeństwa, zanim została zatwierdzona przez FDA (Amerykańską Agencję ds. Żywności i Leków) w 2006 roku55. CDC i FDA nie znalazły żadnych dowodów na to, że szczepionki HPV powodują problemy reprodukcyjne u kobiet, w tym POI (przedwczesna niewydolność jajników)56.

Potencjalne działania niepożądane

Szczepionka HPV została pierwotnie przebadana na około 30 000 dziewczątach i młodych kobietach w wieku od 9 do 26 lat57. Częste obawy dotyczące szczepionki obejmują możliwość powikłań autoimmunologicznych, jednakże:

Szczepionka HPV jest bardzo bezpieczna i nie stwarza ryzyka dla płodności. Szczepionka HPV może nawet pomóc chronić płodność, zapobiegając zmianom przedrakowym szyjki macicy i problemom ginekologicznym związanym z leczeniem raka szyjki macicy6162.

Nie ma dowodów na to, że szczepionka HPV prowadzi do niepłodności lub chorób autoimmunologicznych, chociaż są to powszechne mity63. Obszerne badania nad szczepionkami HPV nie wykazały związku między szczepieniem a rozwojem zaburzeń autoimmunologicznych64.

Szczepionka HPV przeszła gruntowne badania kliniczne z udziałem ponad 15 000 kobiet i mężczyzn. Badania konsekwentnie wykazały jej bezpieczeństwo i wykazały, że nie ma wpływu na płodność65.

Kontrowersje i wyzwania związane ze szczepionką HPV

Pomimo ponad 15 lat spójnych dowodów na to, że szczepionki HPV są bezpieczne i skuteczne, nowe badanie wykazało, że coraz więcej rodziców przytacza obawy dotyczące bezpieczeństwa szczepionki w ostatnich latach66.

Nieprawidłowe informacje i obawy rodziców

W latach 2015-2018 odsetek rodziców, którzy odmówili szczepienia HPV swoim dzieciom z powodu obaw o bezpieczeństwo, prawie się podwoił67. Doniesienia o poważnych problemach zdrowotnych po szczepieniu HPV były konsekwentnie rzadkie – około 1,8 na 100 000 dawek szczepionki HPV, czyli 0,0018%68.

Badania wykazały, że chociaż osoby ufają pracownikom medycznym w zakresie informacji zdrowotnych, coraz więcej osób korzysta z internetu w celu uzyskania pierwszej i drugiej opinii na temat HPV, szczepionek HPV i raka związanego z HPV69. Niestety, niektóre informacje o szczepionkach HPV i raku znalezione online i w mediach społecznościowych są niedokładne70.

Według najnowszych danych nastąpił stały wzrost wskaźników szczepień przeciwko HPV, mimo błędnych informacji71.

Roszczenia prawne i domniemane szkody

Zaobserwowano kwestionowanie badań nad potencjalnymi skutkami ubocznymi szczepionek HPV. Twierdzenia te opierały się na rzekomych patogennych odkryciach w artykułach badawczych na temat szczepionek HPV, podsumowanych w dokumencie przygotowanym przez prawników powodów. Po krytycznej ocenie tych artykułów, w których autorzy zaproponowali następujące odkrycia/hipotezy: (i) mimikra molekularna między HPV L1 a białkami ludzkimi prowadzi do produkcji krzyżowo reaktywnych przeciwciał; oraz (ii) wstrzyknięcie szczepionki HPV u myszy powoduje uszkodzenie mózgu – model myszy dla zespołu neuroimmunologicznego związanego ze szczepionką HPV (HANS)72.

Stwierdzono, że dane te oparte były na wadliwych metodach/interpretacji, takich jak częściowa mimikra molekularna, i nie mogły wyjaśnić objawów niepożądanych reakcji73.

Proponowano, że HANS jest pośredniczony przez odpowiedzi immunologiczne specyficzne dla HPV. Jednak żadne artykuły nie doniosły o objawach/symptomach podobnych do HANS wśród osób zakażonych HPV (naturalne zakażenie), z których niektóre powinny rozwijać silne odpowiedzi immunologiczne specyficzne dla HPV74.

Chociaż nie oceniono innych artykułów cytowanych w pozwach, rzekome niepożądane reakcje w tych artykułach były spowodowane przez hydroksyd Al, który jest zawarty w szczepionce 2vHPV, ale nie w 4vHPV; różnorodne objawy specyficzne dla dwóch szczepionek HPV nie mogą być wyjaśnione hipotezą wodorotlenku Al75.

Wpływ szczepionki HPV na zdrowie publiczne

Powszechne szczepienie HPV ma potencjał do zmniejszenia zachorowalności na raka szyjki macicy na całym świecie nawet o 90%76. Ponadto szczepionki mogą zmniejszyć potrzebę badań przesiewowych i późniejszej opieki medycznej, biopsji i inwazyjnych procedur związanych z dalszą obserwacją nieprawidłowych wyników badań przesiewowych szyjki macicy, pomagając w ten sposób zmniejszyć koszty opieki zdrowotnej i lęk związany z procedurami kontrolnymi77.

Wpływ na zapobieganie nowotworom

Szacuje się, że jeśli wszyscy otrzymaliby 9-walentną szczepionkę HPV zgodnie z zaleceniami, można by zapobiec około 29 000 nowotworom rocznie78.

Według CDC, badania kliniczne szczepionki HPV wykazały, że u osób wcześniej nie narażonych na typ HPV objęty szczepionką, szczepionka była prawie 100% skuteczna w zapobieganiu stanom przedrakowym szyjki macicy, sromu i pochwy oraz brodawkom narządów płciowych u kobiet, a także 90% skuteczna w zapobieganiu brodawkom narządów płciowych i 75% skuteczna w zapobieganiu stanom przedrakowym odbytu u mężczyzn79.

Od czasu wprowadzenia szczepionki HPV odnotowano znaczny spadek zakażeń HPV. Badanie CDC z 2013 roku, które analizowało niektóre szczepy objęte szczepionką, wykazało spadek zakażeń HPV aż o 88% wśród dziewcząt w wieku 14-19 lat, które otrzymały szczepionkę80.

Dane te, w połączeniu z 44% spadkiem diagnozy brodawek narządów płciowych wśród młodych heteroseksualnych mężczyzn (którzy nie byli wówczas szczepieni), sugerują, że zakażenia HPV spadają jako bezpośredni wynik szczepień i głębokiego wpływu odporności stadnej81.

Wpływ na ograniczenie przenoszonosci wirusa

Szczepienie przeciwko HPV zapobiega zakażeniu wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV), który jest łatwo przenoszony z osoby na osobę i bez szczepienia prawie każdy będzie miał z nim kontakt w pewnym momencie życia82.

Przez zmniejszenie szansy zakażenia HPV i później rozwoju nowotworów, szczepionka znacząco przyczynia się do zdrowia publicznego. Według badań, jeśli po zaszczepieniu osoba zostanie narażona na typ HPV, który był zawarty w szczepionce, jest mało prawdopodobne, aby została zakażona, a zatem nie rozprzestrzeniałaby wirusa. Jednak jeśli zaszczepiona osoba zostanie narażona na typ HPV nie objęty szczepionką, to potencjalnie mogłaby zostać zakażona i rozprzestrzeniać wirusa na innych83.

Badania przeprowadzone od wprowadzenia pierwszych szczepionek HPV wykazały skuteczność w ograniczaniu przenoszenia wirusa i redukcji chorób z nim związanych. Wśród kobiet w wieku 20-24 lat, które kwalifikowały się do szczepień HPV jako nastolatki, częstość występowania stanów przedrakowych szyjki macicy spadła prawie o 80% w latach 2002-2008, według Centrów Kontroli i Zapobiegania Chorobom. Zachorowalność na raka szyjki macicy spadła o 65% w latach 2012-2019 wśród kobiet poniżej 25 roku życia84.

Ta znacząca redukcja wskazuje na skuteczność szczepionki w zapobieganiu przenoszeniu infekcji HPV i rozwoju chorób z nią związanych.

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  1. 15.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. […] Some HPV infections can be persistent and can progress to cancer in both women and men later in life. […] There is a vaccine that can prevent the infections that most commonly cause cancer. […] HPV vaccination prevents infection with the HPV types that most commonly cause cervical cancer. […] CDC and FDA have not found any proof that HPV vaccines cause reproductive problems in women, including POI. […] Evidence does not support a causal link between HPV vaccines and CRPS. […] Studies show no increased risk of ME/CFS among girls given HPV vaccine. […] Evidence does not suggest a causal link between Gardasil and death.
  • #2
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papilloma-virus-and-cancer
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name of a group of 200 known viruses. They do not cause concerns in most people, but infection with some high-risk types is common and can cause genital warts or cancer. […] Persistent HPV infection with high-risk HPV types is the cause of cervical cancer and is associated with cancers of the vulva, vagina, mouth/throat, penis and anus. […] In 2019, HPV caused an estimated 620 000 cancer cases in women and 70 000 cancer cases in men. […] HPV usually goes away on its own without treatment. Some HPV infections cause genital warts. Others can cause abnormal cells to develop, which go on to become cancer. […] Cancers from HPV can be prevented with vaccines. […] The vaccine does not contain any live virus or DNA from the virus so it cannot cause cancer or other HPV-related illnesses. The HPV vaccine is not used to treat HPV infections or diseases caused by HPV, but instead to prevent the development of cancers.
  • #3 HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-virus
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can affect different parts of your body. There are over 100 types of HPV, including strains of HPV that cause warts on your hands, feet and face. About 30 HPV strains can affect your genitals, including your vulva, vagina, cervix, penis and scrotum, as well as your rectum and anus. This includes the type of HPV that causes genital warts. […] Some strains of HPV are high-risk and can lead to cancers, like cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers. Early detection (with a Pap smear or HPV screening) and treatment of precancerous cells can usually prevent this from happening. […] Certain strains of HPV (most often types 16 and 18) can cause changes in the cells of your cervix, a condition called cervical dysplasia. Left untreated, cervical dysplasia sometimes advances to cervical cancer.
  • #4 HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-virus
    The virus itself doesnt turn into cancer. But high-risk strains of HPV infection can cause precancerous cell changes. These cell changes can eventually lead to cancer if they arent managed. This process, though, can take years or decades to happen. Screenings, like Pap smears, can help detect these precancerous cells before they turn to cancer. […] The only way to prevent HPV is to abstain from sex. For many people, more realistic goals include reducing the risk of contracting HPV and preventing cervical cancer while still enjoying a healthy sex life. […] You can reduce your risk if you: Get vaccinated against HPV. The HPV vaccine works best if you get it before becoming sexually active (around age 11 or 12). It may protect you from HPV strains you havent been exposed to even after becoming sexually active. Talk to your provider about your options. […] Only a small number of people with high-risk HPV will develop abnormal cervical cells that require treatment to prevent the cells from becoming cancer.
  • #5 Chapter 11: Human Papillomavirus | Pink Book | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-11-human-papillomavirus.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. […] The relationship between cervical cancer and sexual behavior was suspected for more than 100 years and was established by epidemiologic studies in the 1960s. […] In the early 1980s, cervical cancer cells were shown to contain HPV DNA. […] Epidemiologic studies demonstrating a consistent association between HPV and cervical cancer were published in the 1990s; more recently, HPV has been identified as a cause of certain other mucosal cancers. […] High-risk or oncogenic HPV types act as carcinogens in the development of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. […] High-risk HPV types are detected in 99% of cervical precancers. […] Infection with a high-risk HPV type is considered necessary for the development of cervical cancer but, by itself, is not sufficient to cause cancer.
  • #6 Chapter 11: Human Papillomavirus | Pink Book | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-11-human-papillomavirus.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. […] The relationship between cervical cancer and sexual behavior was suspected for more than 100 years and was established by epidemiologic studies in the 1960s. […] In the early 1980s, cervical cancer cells were shown to contain HPV DNA. […] Epidemiologic studies demonstrating a consistent association between HPV and cervical cancer were published in the 1990s; more recently, HPV has been identified as a cause of certain other mucosal cancers. […] High-risk or oncogenic HPV types act as carcinogens in the development of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. […] High-risk HPV types are detected in 99% of cervical precancers. […] Infection with a high-risk HPV type is considered necessary for the development of cervical cancer but, by itself, is not sufficient to cause cancer.
  • #7 Chapter 11: Human Papillomavirus | Pink Book | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-11-human-papillomavirus.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. […] The relationship between cervical cancer and sexual behavior was suspected for more than 100 years and was established by epidemiologic studies in the 1960s. […] In the early 1980s, cervical cancer cells were shown to contain HPV DNA. […] Epidemiologic studies demonstrating a consistent association between HPV and cervical cancer were published in the 1990s; more recently, HPV has been identified as a cause of certain other mucosal cancers. […] High-risk or oncogenic HPV types act as carcinogens in the development of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. […] High-risk HPV types are detected in 99% of cervical precancers. […] Infection with a high-risk HPV type is considered necessary for the development of cervical cancer but, by itself, is not sufficient to cause cancer.
  • #8 Questions and Answers about HPV and the Vaccine | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/human-papillomavirus/prevent-hpv
    HPV causes cervical cancer, one of the most common cancers in women. Every year in the United States, approximately 13,000 women get cervical cancer and about 4,000 women die from the disease. Worldwide, the total number of deaths from cervical cancer every year is more than 300,000. HPV is also known to cause genital warts as well as cancers of the penis, vagina, vulva, anus and oropharynx. […] HPV infects epithelial cells that line mucosal surfaces of the body. When HPV enters these cells, such as in the throat, genital tract or anus, it causes the cells to produce HPV proteins. In most cases, the immune system recognizes the cells that are infected and eliminates them, clearing the infection. However, in some instances a persistent infection occurs causing the cells to mutate, or change. These mutations can ultimately lead to cancer.
  • #9 Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics/print
    Over 100 different types of HPV have been identified; more than 40 of these are known to infect the cervix, and approximately 15 are known to cause cervical cancer. Researchers have labeled the HPV types as being high or low risk for causing cervical cancer. […] HPV types 6 and 11 cause about 90 percent of genital warts. These types are considered low risk because they do not cause cervical cancer. […] Types 16 and 18 are the high-risk types that cause most (about 70 percent) cases of cervical cancer. HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 are also high-risk types, causing about 20 percent of cervical cancers. Other high-risk types (35, 39, 51, 56, and 59) can also cause cervical cancers but are less common. […] Studies have shown that: […] HPV vaccination in females is very effective in preventing HPV infections and cervical pre-cancers and cancers caused by HPV types targeted by the vaccine.
  • #10 Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics/print
    Over 100 different types of HPV have been identified; more than 40 of these are known to infect the cervix, and approximately 15 are known to cause cervical cancer. Researchers have labeled the HPV types as being high or low risk for causing cervical cancer. […] HPV types 6 and 11 cause about 90 percent of genital warts. These types are considered low risk because they do not cause cervical cancer. […] Types 16 and 18 are the high-risk types that cause most (about 70 percent) cases of cervical cancer. HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 are also high-risk types, causing about 20 percent of cervical cancers. Other high-risk types (35, 39, 51, 56, and 59) can also cause cervical cancers but are less common. […] Studies have shown that: […] HPV vaccination in females is very effective in preventing HPV infections and cervical pre-cancers and cancers caused by HPV types targeted by the vaccine.
  • #11 Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics/print
    Over 100 different types of HPV have been identified; more than 40 of these are known to infect the cervix, and approximately 15 are known to cause cervical cancer. Researchers have labeled the HPV types as being high or low risk for causing cervical cancer. […] HPV types 6 and 11 cause about 90 percent of genital warts. These types are considered low risk because they do not cause cervical cancer. […] Types 16 and 18 are the high-risk types that cause most (about 70 percent) cases of cervical cancer. HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 are also high-risk types, causing about 20 percent of cervical cancers. Other high-risk types (35, 39, 51, 56, and 59) can also cause cervical cancers but are less common. […] Studies have shown that: […] HPV vaccination in females is very effective in preventing HPV infections and cervical pre-cancers and cancers caused by HPV types targeted by the vaccine.
  • #12 Scientific evaluation of alleged findings in HPV vaccines: Molecular mimicry and mouse models of vaccine‐induced disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9530884/
    The plaintiffs of the lawsuits claimed that they had neuropsychological symptoms caused by HPV vaccination. Their claims are based on several publications on the alleged pathogenic roles of the HPV vaccine, which were summarized in the document posted on their website by the plaintiffs’ attorneys. […] The alleged findings have been used repeatedly in the lawsuits or by antivaccine activists, not only in Japan but also in other countries. […] We believe that our evaluation will help readers understand the validity of the findings, which have often been misunderstood as the truth by the general public. […] The criteria excluded the case having HPV vaccination after 30 years of age, although people after 30 years are known to be more susceptible to a variety of immunerelated diseases. […] HANS has been proposed to be mediated by antiHPVspecific immune responses. However, no articles have reported HANSlike signs/symptoms among HPVinfected people (natural infection), some of which are expected to develop strong HPVspecific immune responses; more than 80% of women and men have been estimated to acquire HPV by age 45 years. […] Although we did not evaluate the other articles cited in the lawsuits, the alleged adverse reactions in these articles were from Al hydroxide, which is included in 2vHPV, but not in 4vHPV; diverse symptoms specific to two HPV vaccines cannot be explained with the Al hydroxide hypothesis.
  • #13 Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-9-human-papillomavirus-vaccine.html
    Globally and in Canada, HPV-associated diseases are a significant public health problem. […] Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types (e.g., 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) can result in cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers. […] HPV vaccine prevents abnormal Pap smears and HPV-associated cancers, including cervical and anal cancers. […] If not immunized, it is estimated that 75% of Canadians will have an HPV infection at some time. […] Vaccination before infection will provide the best protection against HPV diseases. […] Individuals who missed routine HPV immunization remain at risk for HPV-associated diseases. […] Even if an individual is already infected with one or more vaccine HPV type(s), the vaccine will provide protection against the other HPV type(s) contained in the vaccine.
  • #14 HPV vaccine: Who needs it, how it works
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/in-depth/hpv-vaccine/art-20047292
    Human papillomavirus, also called HPV, is spread by sexual activity. Some strains of HPV cause genital warts. Other HPV strains can cause cancers. […] But if the virus stays in the body for a long time, it can cause cancer. Getting vaccinated against HPV helps prevent cancer in men and women. […] The HPV vaccine protects against genital warts and most cases of cervical cancer. It protects against cancer of the vagina, vulva, penis or anus caused by HPV. The HPV vaccine also protects against mouth, throat, head and neck cancers caused by HPV. […] The vaccine gives the body a safe way to build immune system awareness of some HPV strains. This means the body has an easier time clearing out those strains of the virus if a person catches them later. […] Once a person gets HPV, the vaccine may not be as effective. That’s because the vaccine’s goal is to prevent a new infection. If a person has the virus, the vaccine may not help the body clear out the vaccine.
  • #15 Human Papillomavirus: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/human-papillomavirus-vaccine
    The HPV vaccine was originally studied in about 30,000 girls and young women between 9 and 26 years of age. Studies determined that the vaccine prevented 9 of 10 HPV infections and was completely effective at preventing persistent infections and Pap smear changes that predict cervical cancer. […] The HPV vaccine is made using a protein that resides on the surface of the virus. The protein is grown in the lab in yeast cells. Once the protein is grown, it assembles itself to look like the HPV virus; however, importantly, it does not contain HPV genetic material, so it cant reproduce itself or cause illness. […] The HPV vaccine is recommended before the start of sexual activity for two reasons: Young people tend to get infected more frequently. In fact, about half of all new infections are diagnosed in young people between 15 and 24 years of age.
  • #16
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papilloma-virus-and-cancer
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name of a group of 200 known viruses. They do not cause concerns in most people, but infection with some high-risk types is common and can cause genital warts or cancer. […] Persistent HPV infection with high-risk HPV types is the cause of cervical cancer and is associated with cancers of the vulva, vagina, mouth/throat, penis and anus. […] In 2019, HPV caused an estimated 620 000 cancer cases in women and 70 000 cancer cases in men. […] HPV usually goes away on its own without treatment. Some HPV infections cause genital warts. Others can cause abnormal cells to develop, which go on to become cancer. […] Cancers from HPV can be prevented with vaccines. […] The vaccine does not contain any live virus or DNA from the virus so it cannot cause cancer or other HPV-related illnesses. The HPV vaccine is not used to treat HPV infections or diseases caused by HPV, but instead to prevent the development of cancers.
  • #17 HPV Vaccines: New Momentum in Eliminating Cervical Cancer – VoICE
    https://immunizationevidence.org/hpv-vaccines-new-momentum-in-eliminating-cervical-cancer/
    Currently, three vaccines are available which offer varying levels of protection against HPV-associated cancers. The vaccines all contain protein particles without live virus but they differ in the number of viral subtypes that are included. Bivalent (2 subtypes) and quadrivalent (4 subtypes) vaccines are prequalified by the WHO and the third option is a nonavalent (9 subtypes) vaccine that is primarily available in high-income countries. All three vaccines include HPV genotypes 16 and 18, which account for about 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. The quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines further protect by preventing infection with HPV genotypes 6 and 11 which cause anogenital warts. The nonavalent vaccine offers the highest level of protection by including an additional five HPV genotypes.
  • #18 Do I Need an HPV Vaccine? | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health
    https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/do-i-need-an-hpv-vaccine
    Research shows that HPV vaccines can prevent many types of cancer. […] Almost everyone will get human papillomavirus (HPV) within their lifetime. While many types of HPV (there are more than 200) are symptomless and go away on their own, some can cause cancer. […] Fortunately, research shows that vaccines are effective at preventing such infections and subsequent cancers. […] Each year, about 40,000 Americans including 15,000 men are diagnosed with cancer caused by HPV, and globally more than 95% of cervical cancer cases annually are caused by the virus. But vaccination can prevent such cancers. […] HPV vaccines work similarly to other immunizations that guard against viral infection: by stimulating the body’s immune system to produce antibodies, so that if the virus is encountered later, those antibodies will bind to it and prevent it from infecting cells.
  • #19 HPV Vaccine for Childhood Cancer Survivors – Together by St. Jude™
    https://together.stjude.org/en-us/emotional-support-daily-life/wellness-healthy-habits/hpv-vaccine.html
    Research shows that the HPV vaccine is safe, effective, and long-lasting. […] HPV vaccination can prevent more than 90% of cancers caused by HPV. […] HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women. After tobacco and alcohol, HPV causes more cases of oropharyngeal (throat) cancer in men. […] The HPV vaccine is safe, effective against six types of cancer, and long-lasting. […] The HPV vaccine causes the immune system to produce antibodies that protect the body from HPV infection. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when given before exposure to HPV, which is spread through intimate sexual contact. […] HPV vaccines offer the best protection to boys and girls who complete the series of immunizations and have time to develop a strong immune response well before they begin sexual activity with another person. […] The vaccine series prevents infection from the HPV types that most cause 6 types of cancer affecting men and women.
  • #20 Do I Need an HPV Vaccine? | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health
    https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/do-i-need-an-hpv-vaccine
    Megan Wysong, MPH, senior research associate with the International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), says the HPV vaccine is nearly 100% effective at preventing persistent infections caused by HPV vaccine types. […] Research has demonstrated that HPV vaccines provide long-lasting protection against both HPV infections and diseases resulting from these infections, says Wysong. […] The vaccine can be given as early as age 9 and up through age 26, but Gypsyamber DSouza, PhD 07, MPH, MS, professor in Epidemiology, says it is most effective when given at the recommended ages of 11-12. […] The short answer is no. Studies have shown that receiving the vaccine at the recommended age doesn’t increase sexual behavior or cause people to become sexually active earlier. […] The CDC recommends that everyone under age 26 should get the HPV vaccine even if they are already sexually active, Wysong says.
  • #21 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet
    Clinical trials have shown that HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing cervical infection with the types of HPV they target when given before first exposure to the virus – that is, before individuals begin to engage in sexual activity. HPV vaccines have also been found to reduce infections in other tissues that HPV infects, including the anus and oral region. […] Because the cell changes and cancers caused by HPV take years to develop, it has only recently been confirmed that the vaccines reduce the risk of these outcomes as well. Trials and real-world data from population-based studies have now demonstrated that the vaccines greatly reduce the risk of precancers and cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in vaccinated women. […] Widespread HPV vaccination has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence around the world by as much as 90%. In addition, the vaccines may reduce the need for screening and subsequent medical care, biopsies, and invasive procedures associated with follow-up from abnormal cervical screening, thus helping to reduce health care costs and anxieties related to follow-up procedures.
  • #22 HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007648.htm
    HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine can prevent infection with some types of human papillomavirus. […] HPV infections can cause certain types of cancers, including: Cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in women, Penile cancer in men, Anal cancers in both men and women, Cancers of tonsils, base of tongue, and back of throat (oropharyngeal cancer) in both men and women. […] HPV vaccine can prevent over 90% of cancers caused by HPV. […] HPV is spread through intimate skin-to-skin or sexual contact. HPV infections are so common that nearly all people will get at least one type of HPV at some time in their lives. Most HPV infections go away on their own within 2 years. But sometimes HPV infections will last longer and can cause cancers later in life.
  • #23 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet
    Clinical trials have shown that HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing cervical infection with the types of HPV they target when given before first exposure to the virus – that is, before individuals begin to engage in sexual activity. HPV vaccines have also been found to reduce infections in other tissues that HPV infects, including the anus and oral region. […] Because the cell changes and cancers caused by HPV take years to develop, it has only recently been confirmed that the vaccines reduce the risk of these outcomes as well. Trials and real-world data from population-based studies have now demonstrated that the vaccines greatly reduce the risk of precancers and cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in vaccinated women. […] Widespread HPV vaccination has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence around the world by as much as 90%. In addition, the vaccines may reduce the need for screening and subsequent medical care, biopsies, and invasive procedures associated with follow-up from abnormal cervical screening, thus helping to reduce health care costs and anxieties related to follow-up procedures.
  • #24 Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics/print
    Over 100 different types of HPV have been identified; more than 40 of these are known to infect the cervix, and approximately 15 are known to cause cervical cancer. Researchers have labeled the HPV types as being high or low risk for causing cervical cancer. […] HPV types 6 and 11 cause about 90 percent of genital warts. These types are considered low risk because they do not cause cervical cancer. […] Types 16 and 18 are the high-risk types that cause most (about 70 percent) cases of cervical cancer. HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 are also high-risk types, causing about 20 percent of cervical cancers. Other high-risk types (35, 39, 51, 56, and 59) can also cause cervical cancers but are less common. […] Studies have shown that: […] HPV vaccination in females is very effective in preventing HPV infections and cervical pre-cancers and cancers caused by HPV types targeted by the vaccine.
  • #25 Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics/print
    HPV vaccination in females reduces the risk of genital warts and of transmitting the warts to their sexual partners. […] HPV vaccination in males reduces the risk of developing genital warts and penile HPV infection, which decreases the risk of HPV transmission to sexual partners. […] HPV vaccination also reduces the risk of anal cancer in both males and females. […] HPV vaccination prevents oral HPV infection, which is associated with oropharyngeal (mouth and throat) cancer. It is expected that the vaccine can reduce the risk of this cancer as well, and the vaccine is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for this indication. […] The HPV vaccine does not prevent other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as HIV, herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. […] It is important to practice safe sex to reduce your risk of all STIs.
  • #26 Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics/print
    HPV vaccination in females reduces the risk of genital warts and of transmitting the warts to their sexual partners. […] HPV vaccination in males reduces the risk of developing genital warts and penile HPV infection, which decreases the risk of HPV transmission to sexual partners. […] HPV vaccination also reduces the risk of anal cancer in both males and females. […] HPV vaccination prevents oral HPV infection, which is associated with oropharyngeal (mouth and throat) cancer. It is expected that the vaccine can reduce the risk of this cancer as well, and the vaccine is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for this indication. […] The HPV vaccine does not prevent other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as HIV, herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. […] It is important to practice safe sex to reduce your risk of all STIs.
  • #27 Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics/print
    HPV vaccination in females reduces the risk of genital warts and of transmitting the warts to their sexual partners. […] HPV vaccination in males reduces the risk of developing genital warts and penile HPV infection, which decreases the risk of HPV transmission to sexual partners. […] HPV vaccination also reduces the risk of anal cancer in both males and females. […] HPV vaccination prevents oral HPV infection, which is associated with oropharyngeal (mouth and throat) cancer. It is expected that the vaccine can reduce the risk of this cancer as well, and the vaccine is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for this indication. […] The HPV vaccine does not prevent other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as HIV, herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. […] It is important to practice safe sex to reduce your risk of all STIs.
  • #28 Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics/print
    HPV vaccination in females reduces the risk of genital warts and of transmitting the warts to their sexual partners. […] HPV vaccination in males reduces the risk of developing genital warts and penile HPV infection, which decreases the risk of HPV transmission to sexual partners. […] HPV vaccination also reduces the risk of anal cancer in both males and females. […] HPV vaccination prevents oral HPV infection, which is associated with oropharyngeal (mouth and throat) cancer. It is expected that the vaccine can reduce the risk of this cancer as well, and the vaccine is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for this indication. […] The HPV vaccine does not prevent other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as HIV, herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. […] It is important to practice safe sex to reduce your risk of all STIs.
  • #29 HPV Vaccine: Age, Schedule, Importance & Side Effects
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21613-hpv-vaccine
    The HPV vaccine prevents infections that can lead to cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer, cancer of the back of the throat (oropharyngeal cancer), and genital warts. […] The HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers and genital warts in any person who is (or will one day be) sexually active. […] The HPV vaccine became widely available to women in 2006 to prevent cervical cancer. Rates of cervical cancer have been going down since. HPV infections related to cancer and genital warts have dropped by over 80%. […] The vaccine can prevent these cancers as well as anal and penile cancers. […] The best defense against the virus is for everyone regardless of sex to get vaccinated before becoming sexually active. […] The HPV vaccine is one of our most powerful weapons against cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers.
  • #30 Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family
    https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/questioning-whether-to-get-your-child-the-hpv-vaccine-read-this/
    About 63% of penile cancers are linked to HPV and there are about 600 penile cancers diagnosed each year. […] Since there is no test to check one’s overall HPV status, and no standard screening to detect HPV in the mouth or throat, getting an HPV vaccine is an effective way to prevent illness rather than leave people vulnerable to infections that can lead to cancer. […] While cervical cancer screenings are vitally important, they don’t prevent infection. Instead, they help identify precancerous lesions. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when the complete series is administered at a young age. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when the complete series is administered at a young age. […] A recent study showed the HPV vaccine is 83% effective in preventing the spread of HPV in women who had never come in contact with the virus but only 53% effective for those who had previous contact with it.
  • #31 HPV Vaccine for Childhood Cancer Survivors – Together by St. Jude™
    https://together.stjude.org/en-us/emotional-support-daily-life/wellness-healthy-habits/hpv-vaccine.html
    Research shows that the HPV vaccine is safe, effective, and long-lasting. […] HPV vaccination can prevent more than 90% of cancers caused by HPV. […] HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women. After tobacco and alcohol, HPV causes more cases of oropharyngeal (throat) cancer in men. […] The HPV vaccine is safe, effective against six types of cancer, and long-lasting. […] The HPV vaccine causes the immune system to produce antibodies that protect the body from HPV infection. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when given before exposure to HPV, which is spread through intimate sexual contact. […] HPV vaccines offer the best protection to boys and girls who complete the series of immunizations and have time to develop a strong immune response well before they begin sexual activity with another person. […] The vaccine series prevents infection from the HPV types that most cause 6 types of cancer affecting men and women.
  • #32 HPV Vaccine for Childhood Cancer Survivors – Together by St. Jude™
    https://together.stjude.org/en-us/emotional-support-daily-life/wellness-healthy-habits/hpv-vaccine.html
    Research shows that the HPV vaccine is safe, effective, and long-lasting. […] HPV vaccination can prevent more than 90% of cancers caused by HPV. […] HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women. After tobacco and alcohol, HPV causes more cases of oropharyngeal (throat) cancer in men. […] The HPV vaccine is safe, effective against six types of cancer, and long-lasting. […] The HPV vaccine causes the immune system to produce antibodies that protect the body from HPV infection. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when given before exposure to HPV, which is spread through intimate sexual contact. […] HPV vaccines offer the best protection to boys and girls who complete the series of immunizations and have time to develop a strong immune response well before they begin sexual activity with another person. […] The vaccine series prevents infection from the HPV types that most cause 6 types of cancer affecting men and women.
  • #33 Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family
    https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/questioning-whether-to-get-your-child-the-hpv-vaccine-read-this/
    About 63% of penile cancers are linked to HPV and there are about 600 penile cancers diagnosed each year. […] Since there is no test to check one’s overall HPV status, and no standard screening to detect HPV in the mouth or throat, getting an HPV vaccine is an effective way to prevent illness rather than leave people vulnerable to infections that can lead to cancer. […] While cervical cancer screenings are vitally important, they don’t prevent infection. Instead, they help identify precancerous lesions. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when the complete series is administered at a young age. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when the complete series is administered at a young age. […] A recent study showed the HPV vaccine is 83% effective in preventing the spread of HPV in women who had never come in contact with the virus but only 53% effective for those who had previous contact with it.
  • #34 Chapter 11: Human Papillomavirus | Pink Book | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-11-human-papillomavirus.html
    In addition to cervical cancer, high-risk HPV infection is associated with less common anogenital cancers, such as cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus. […] HPV vaccination does not eliminate the need for cervical cancer screening, since up to 30% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV types not prevented by the quadrivalent or bivalent vaccines, and 15% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV types not prevented by the 9-valent vaccine. […] HPV vaccination is recommended for females and males at age 11 or 12 years for prevention of HPV infections and HPV-associated diseases, including certain cancers. […] HPV vaccines are prophylactic (i.e., they prevent new HPV infections). They do not prevent progression of HPV infection to disease, decrease time to clearance of HPV infection, or treat HPV-related disease.
  • #35 Chapter 11: Human Papillomavirus | Pink Book | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-11-human-papillomavirus.html
    In addition to cervical cancer, high-risk HPV infection is associated with less common anogenital cancers, such as cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus. […] HPV vaccination does not eliminate the need for cervical cancer screening, since up to 30% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV types not prevented by the quadrivalent or bivalent vaccines, and 15% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV types not prevented by the 9-valent vaccine. […] HPV vaccination is recommended for females and males at age 11 or 12 years for prevention of HPV infections and HPV-associated diseases, including certain cancers. […] HPV vaccines are prophylactic (i.e., they prevent new HPV infections). They do not prevent progression of HPV infection to disease, decrease time to clearance of HPV infection, or treat HPV-related disease.
  • #36 Human papillomavirus (HPV) and immunisation | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/human-papillomavirus-hpv-immunisation
    The vaccine prevents the disease caused by HPV, but does not treat existing HPV infections. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when given to someone before they become sexually active, that is, before they are exposed to HPV. […] The ideal age for HPV vaccination is 12-13 years. […] HPV immunisation is recommended for: people aged 9 to 25 years […] men who have sex with men (if they haven’t been previously vaccinated against HPV […] people with significant immunocompromising conditions (aged 9 years and over). […] The HPV vaccine can be safely given to people who are breastfeeding. […] Yes the vaccine doesn’t prevent all types of HPV infection that cause cervical cancer. […] The HPV vaccine has undergone rigorous testing to ensure it is safe, and side effects experienced after HPV vaccination are usually mild and get better on their own within a few days. […] The chance of a severe reaction from Gardasil9 is very small, and the risks from not being vaccinated against diseases caused by HPV may be very serious.
  • #37 HPV vaccine: Who needs it, how it works
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/in-depth/hpv-vaccine/art-20047292
    Most people catch HPV soon after they become sexually active. But even if you have one strain of HPV, you might still benefit from the vaccine. It can protect you from other strains that you don’t yet have. […] But none of the vaccines can treat an existing HPV infection. The vaccines protect you only from specific strains of HPV you don’t have.
  • #38 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet
    ACIP recommends that people who have an HPV infection and/or an abnormal Pap test result that may indicate an HPV infection should still receive the HPV vaccine if they are in the appropriate age group (9 through 26 years) because the vaccine may protect them against high-risk HPV types that they have not yet acquired. However, these people should be told that the vaccination will not cure them of current HPV infections or treat the abnormal results of their Pap test. […] Although HPV vaccines have been found to be safe when given to people who are already infected with HPV, the vaccines provide maximum benefit if a person receives them before he or she is sexually active.
  • #39 Human Papillomavirus: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/human-papillomavirus-vaccine
    The HPV vaccine prevents the types of HPV that cause about 9 of every 10 cervical cancers. Because the vaccine doesn’t prevent all types of HPV that cause cancer, women still need to get routine Pap tests. […] The HPV vaccine doesn’t prevent other sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and herpes virus, and the HPV vaccine doesn’t prevent all of the dangerous types of HPV; it prevents most of them. […] The HPV vaccine protects against certain cancers and genital warts, and it is safe. The only known side effects are mild, such as pain, redness or swelling at the injection site or low-grade fever. Therefore, the benefits of the HPV vaccine outweigh its risks.
  • #40 Human Papillomavirus: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/human-papillomavirus-vaccine
    The HPV vaccine prevents the types of HPV that cause about 9 of every 10 cervical cancers. Because the vaccine doesn’t prevent all types of HPV that cause cancer, women still need to get routine Pap tests. […] The HPV vaccine doesn’t prevent other sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and herpes virus, and the HPV vaccine doesn’t prevent all of the dangerous types of HPV; it prevents most of them. […] The HPV vaccine protects against certain cancers and genital warts, and it is safe. The only known side effects are mild, such as pain, redness or swelling at the injection site or low-grade fever. Therefore, the benefits of the HPV vaccine outweigh its risks.
  • #41 HPV Vaccines | Preventing Human Papillomavirus Infection | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/hpv/hpv-vaccines.html
    HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccination is cancer prevention. This is why it is important that all children get vaccinated against HPV. […] HPV vaccines can help protect children and young adults from some HPV infections. These vaccines are used to prevent some types of cancer that can result from an HPV infection. […] Giving the vaccine to boys and girls between 9 and 12 years old can prevent more than 90% of HPV-related cancers when they get older. […] The HPV vaccine works very well. Studies have shown that the vaccine provides nearly total protection against infections and pre-cancers caused by the types of HPV that cause 90% of HPV cancers as well as 90% of genital warts. […] The HPV vaccine is a safe way to help protect health and the ability to have healthy babies later in life. Research reviews do not suggest that getting the HPV vaccine leads to having fertility problems later in life. In fact, the HPV vaccine can help protect women from future fertility problems that are linked to treatment for cervical cancer and pre-cancer. […] People who have a cervix, even if they have gotten the HPV vaccine, still need regular screening for cervical cancer. This is because the vaccine does not prevent all of the types of HPV that can cause cervical cancer.
  • #42 Chapter 11: Human Papillomavirus | Pink Book | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-11-human-papillomavirus.html
    In addition to cervical cancer, high-risk HPV infection is associated with less common anogenital cancers, such as cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus. […] HPV vaccination does not eliminate the need for cervical cancer screening, since up to 30% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV types not prevented by the quadrivalent or bivalent vaccines, and 15% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV types not prevented by the 9-valent vaccine. […] HPV vaccination is recommended for females and males at age 11 or 12 years for prevention of HPV infections and HPV-associated diseases, including certain cancers. […] HPV vaccines are prophylactic (i.e., they prevent new HPV infections). They do not prevent progression of HPV infection to disease, decrease time to clearance of HPV infection, or treat HPV-related disease.
  • #43 Everything You Need to Know About the HPV Vaccine
    https://www.getteal.com/post/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-hpv-vaccine
    HPV is common and easily spread. Our immune system is usually able to fight this infection, but sometimes it cant, leading to more serious disease, like cervical cancer. […] The HPV vaccine used in the United States protects against the 9 most common strains of HPV that can cause cancers and genital warts. […] The HPV vaccine can prevent over 90% of HPV associated cancers. […] There are about 14 types of high-risk HPV that can cause cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth and throat. […] Cervical cancer is often caused by high-risk HPV type 16 and 18. […] In the United States, its estimated that HPV causes over 37,000 new cases of cancer per year. […] We know that the HPV vaccine can prevent over 90% of HPV associated cancers. […] The HPV vaccine is recommended for adolescents (girls and boys) starting at age 9-12 and can be given up until the age of 26. […] The HPV vaccine went through vigorous safety testing before it was approved by the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) in 2006. […] While the HPV vaccine protects against some of the most common strains of HPV that can cause cervical cancer, it does not protect against all.
  • #44 Human papillomavirus (HPV) and immunisation | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/human-papillomavirus-hpv-immunisation
    The vaccine prevents the disease caused by HPV, but does not treat existing HPV infections. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when given to someone before they become sexually active, that is, before they are exposed to HPV. […] The ideal age for HPV vaccination is 12-13 years. […] HPV immunisation is recommended for: people aged 9 to 25 years […] men who have sex with men (if they haven’t been previously vaccinated against HPV […] people with significant immunocompromising conditions (aged 9 years and over). […] The HPV vaccine can be safely given to people who are breastfeeding. […] Yes the vaccine doesn’t prevent all types of HPV infection that cause cervical cancer. […] The HPV vaccine has undergone rigorous testing to ensure it is safe, and side effects experienced after HPV vaccination are usually mild and get better on their own within a few days. […] The chance of a severe reaction from Gardasil9 is very small, and the risks from not being vaccinated against diseases caused by HPV may be very serious.
  • #45
    https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/are-your-kids-protected-from-cancer-caused-by-hpv.aspx
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that spreads easily. […] Most of the time, our bodies can suppress HPV. When a person gets infected with the virus, there is no way to know who will develop cancer or other health problems. […] Each year, more than 46,000 people men and women suffer from cancers caused by HPV. Over 7,000 die per year from cancers caused by HPV, including penile, vaginal, vulvar, anal and head and neck cancers. […] That is why your child or teen needs the HPV vaccine now to protect against viruses that cause HPV-related cancers later. […] The HPV vaccine is cancer prevention. […] The vaccine protects people from: over 90% of cancers caused by the virus, pre-cancers (abnormal cells that lead to cancer), almost all cases of cervical cancer, nearly 100% of cases of genital warts and a high percentage of other HPV-related cancers. […] HPV infections are so common that nearly all people will get at least one type of HPV at some time in their life. Sometimes, these infections do not go away. They last longer and cause cancer later in life. When kids get vaccinated, it protects them from cancer caused by HPV for a lifetime.
  • #46 Do I Need an HPV Vaccine? | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health
    https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/do-i-need-an-hpv-vaccine
    Megan Wysong, MPH, senior research associate with the International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), says the HPV vaccine is nearly 100% effective at preventing persistent infections caused by HPV vaccine types. […] Research has demonstrated that HPV vaccines provide long-lasting protection against both HPV infections and diseases resulting from these infections, says Wysong. […] The vaccine can be given as early as age 9 and up through age 26, but Gypsyamber DSouza, PhD 07, MPH, MS, professor in Epidemiology, says it is most effective when given at the recommended ages of 11-12. […] The short answer is no. Studies have shown that receiving the vaccine at the recommended age doesn’t increase sexual behavior or cause people to become sexually active earlier. […] The CDC recommends that everyone under age 26 should get the HPV vaccine even if they are already sexually active, Wysong says.
  • #47 What to know about HPV, the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer screeningmenu iconsearch iconsubscribe iconsearch iconarrow up right icon
    https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/what-to-know-about-hpv-the-hpv-vaccine-and-cervical-cancer-screening/2024/04
    The vaccine uses empty HPV shells to cause the immune system to recognize the virus if infected. The vaccine prevents normal cervical cells from becoming cancer cells. […] The vaccine does not treat HPV infections, so it should be given before the start of sexual activity when it’s most effective in preventing infection. After a person engages in sexual activity, they are much more likely to be exposed to one or more strains of HPV.
  • #48 HPV Vaccine: Age, Schedule, Importance & Side Effects
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21613-hpv-vaccine
    The HPV vaccine prevents infections that can lead to cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer, cancer of the back of the throat (oropharyngeal cancer), and genital warts. […] The HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers and genital warts in any person who is (or will one day be) sexually active. […] The HPV vaccine became widely available to women in 2006 to prevent cervical cancer. Rates of cervical cancer have been going down since. HPV infections related to cancer and genital warts have dropped by over 80%. […] The vaccine can prevent these cancers as well as anal and penile cancers. […] The best defense against the virus is for everyone regardless of sex to get vaccinated before becoming sexually active. […] The HPV vaccine is one of our most powerful weapons against cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers.
  • #49 HPV Vaccine: Age, Schedule, Importance & Side Effects
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21613-hpv-vaccine
    The HPV vaccine prevents infections that can lead to cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer, cancer of the back of the throat (oropharyngeal cancer), and genital warts. […] The HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers and genital warts in any person who is (or will one day be) sexually active. […] The HPV vaccine became widely available to women in 2006 to prevent cervical cancer. Rates of cervical cancer have been going down since. HPV infections related to cancer and genital warts have dropped by over 80%. […] The vaccine can prevent these cancers as well as anal and penile cancers. […] The best defense against the virus is for everyone regardless of sex to get vaccinated before becoming sexually active. […] The HPV vaccine is one of our most powerful weapons against cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers.
  • #50 Human papillomavirus (HPV) and immunisation | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/human-papillomavirus-hpv-immunisation
    The vaccine prevents the disease caused by HPV, but does not treat existing HPV infections. […] The HPV vaccine is most effective when given to someone before they become sexually active, that is, before they are exposed to HPV. […] The ideal age for HPV vaccination is 12-13 years. […] HPV immunisation is recommended for: people aged 9 to 25 years […] men who have sex with men (if they haven’t been previously vaccinated against HPV […] people with significant immunocompromising conditions (aged 9 years and over). […] The HPV vaccine can be safely given to people who are breastfeeding. […] Yes the vaccine doesn’t prevent all types of HPV infection that cause cervical cancer. […] The HPV vaccine has undergone rigorous testing to ensure it is safe, and side effects experienced after HPV vaccination are usually mild and get better on their own within a few days. […] The chance of a severe reaction from Gardasil9 is very small, and the risks from not being vaccinated against diseases caused by HPV may be very serious.
  • #51 Do I Need an HPV Vaccine? | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health
    https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/do-i-need-an-hpv-vaccine
    The vaccine is less effective in people already exposed to HPV, Wysong says, but it is still recommended to get the vaccine. […] Because the HPV protects against nine strains of the virus, Limaye explains, even if someone has been infected with one type, they can still benefit from protection against other strains. […] While the HPV vaccine prevents new HPV infections, Limaye adds, it does not treat existing HPV infections or diseases. […] Gardasil-9 was approved after robust clinical trials with more than 15,000 females and males. Studies have consistently demonstrated its safety and have shown that it has no effect on fertility.
  • #52 Human Papillomavirus: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/human-papillomavirus-vaccine
    The HPV vaccine prevents the types of HPV that cause about 9 of every 10 cervical cancers. Because the vaccine doesn’t prevent all types of HPV that cause cancer, women still need to get routine Pap tests. […] The HPV vaccine doesn’t prevent other sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and herpes virus, and the HPV vaccine doesn’t prevent all of the dangerous types of HPV; it prevents most of them. […] The HPV vaccine protects against certain cancers and genital warts, and it is safe. The only known side effects are mild, such as pain, redness or swelling at the injection site or low-grade fever. Therefore, the benefits of the HPV vaccine outweigh its risks.
  • #53 HPV vaccines: a controversial issue?
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4830027/
    Controversy still exists over whether the benefits of the available HPV vaccines outweigh the risks and this has suppressed uptake of the HPV vaccines in comparison to other vaccines. […] The most common reason for not administering the prophylactic HPV vaccines are concerns over adverse effects. […] We found that the majority of studies continue to suggest a positive risk-benefit from vaccination against HPV, with minimal documented adverse effects, which is consistent with other vaccines. […] However, much of the published scientific data regarding the safety of HPV vaccines appears to originate from within the financially competitive HPV vaccine market. […] It is important to emphasize that the HPV vaccines are not a therapeutic treatment for any HPV-associated disease that might exist at the time of vaccination, nor will it invariably protect against diseases that are caused by types of HPV not targeted by the vaccines.
  • #54 HPV vaccines: a controversial issue?
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4830027/
    While the reduction in the occurrence of genital warts conferred by the HPV types present in the vaccines strongly suggests an ultimately lower incidence of HPV-positive cancers, the time period since the initial vaccinations has not been sufficient to determine the absolute reduction in cervical cancer, the major benefit expected. […] For HPV vaccines, the body of evidence suggests that their potential to elicit life-threatening side effects is very low with autoimmune responses being the greatest concern.
  • #55 Everything You Need to Know About the HPV Vaccine
    https://www.getteal.com/post/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-hpv-vaccine
    HPV is common and easily spread. Our immune system is usually able to fight this infection, but sometimes it cant, leading to more serious disease, like cervical cancer. […] The HPV vaccine used in the United States protects against the 9 most common strains of HPV that can cause cancers and genital warts. […] The HPV vaccine can prevent over 90% of HPV associated cancers. […] There are about 14 types of high-risk HPV that can cause cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth and throat. […] Cervical cancer is often caused by high-risk HPV type 16 and 18. […] In the United States, its estimated that HPV causes over 37,000 new cases of cancer per year. […] We know that the HPV vaccine can prevent over 90% of HPV associated cancers. […] The HPV vaccine is recommended for adolescents (girls and boys) starting at age 9-12 and can be given up until the age of 26. […] The HPV vaccine went through vigorous safety testing before it was approved by the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) in 2006. […] While the HPV vaccine protects against some of the most common strains of HPV that can cause cervical cancer, it does not protect against all.
  • #56 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. […] Some HPV infections can be persistent and can progress to cancer in both women and men later in life. […] There is a vaccine that can prevent the infections that most commonly cause cancer. […] HPV vaccination prevents infection with the HPV types that most commonly cause cervical cancer. […] CDC and FDA have not found any proof that HPV vaccines cause reproductive problems in women, including POI. […] Evidence does not support a causal link between HPV vaccines and CRPS. […] Studies show no increased risk of ME/CFS among girls given HPV vaccine. […] Evidence does not suggest a causal link between Gardasil and death.
  • #57 Human Papillomavirus: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/human-papillomavirus-vaccine
    The HPV vaccine was originally studied in about 30,000 girls and young women between 9 and 26 years of age. Studies determined that the vaccine prevented 9 of 10 HPV infections and was completely effective at preventing persistent infections and Pap smear changes that predict cervical cancer. […] The HPV vaccine is made using a protein that resides on the surface of the virus. The protein is grown in the lab in yeast cells. Once the protein is grown, it assembles itself to look like the HPV virus; however, importantly, it does not contain HPV genetic material, so it cant reproduce itself or cause illness. […] The HPV vaccine is recommended before the start of sexual activity for two reasons: Young people tend to get infected more frequently. In fact, about half of all new infections are diagnosed in young people between 15 and 24 years of age.
  • #58 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. […] Some HPV infections can be persistent and can progress to cancer in both women and men later in life. […] There is a vaccine that can prevent the infections that most commonly cause cancer. […] HPV vaccination prevents infection with the HPV types that most commonly cause cervical cancer. […] CDC and FDA have not found any proof that HPV vaccines cause reproductive problems in women, including POI. […] Evidence does not support a causal link between HPV vaccines and CRPS. […] Studies show no increased risk of ME/CFS among girls given HPV vaccine. […] Evidence does not suggest a causal link between Gardasil and death.
  • #59 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. […] Some HPV infections can be persistent and can progress to cancer in both women and men later in life. […] There is a vaccine that can prevent the infections that most commonly cause cancer. […] HPV vaccination prevents infection with the HPV types that most commonly cause cervical cancer. […] CDC and FDA have not found any proof that HPV vaccines cause reproductive problems in women, including POI. […] Evidence does not support a causal link between HPV vaccines and CRPS. […] Studies show no increased risk of ME/CFS among girls given HPV vaccine. […] Evidence does not suggest a causal link between Gardasil and death.
  • #60 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. […] Some HPV infections can be persistent and can progress to cancer in both women and men later in life. […] There is a vaccine that can prevent the infections that most commonly cause cancer. […] HPV vaccination prevents infection with the HPV types that most commonly cause cervical cancer. […] CDC and FDA have not found any proof that HPV vaccines cause reproductive problems in women, including POI. […] Evidence does not support a causal link between HPV vaccines and CRPS. […] Studies show no increased risk of ME/CFS among girls given HPV vaccine. […] Evidence does not suggest a causal link between Gardasil and death.
  • #61 What to know about HPV vaccination | UNICEF Europe and Central Asia
    https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/what-know-about-hpv-vaccination
    The HPV vaccine protects against cancers and genital warts caused by the human papillomavirus, more commonly known as HPV. […] HPV stands for Human Papillomavirus. There are more than 200 kinds of HPV. Some of them are very dangerous and can cause serious health problems, including cancers. Cervical cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by the HPV infection, but it can also cause anal cancer, genital cancers and cancers of the head and neck. […] Fortunately, HPV infection (and the cancers it causes) can be prevented by the HPV vaccine. […] The HPV vaccine protects against the human papillomavirus (HPV). It is a quadrivalent vaccine, targeting four types of HPV. […] The vaccine can prevent more than 90% of the cancers associated with HPV. […] The HPV vaccine is the best way to prevent HPV infection and the types of cancers that are linked to it. […] The HPV vaccine is very safe and poses no risk to fertility. […] The HPV vaccine can even help protect fertility by preventing pre-cancerous cervical lesions and gynecological issues related to the treatment of cervical cancer.
  • #62 What to know about HPV vaccination | UNICEF Kosovo Programme
    https://www.unicef.org/kosovoprogramme/stories/what-know-about-hpv-vaccination
    The HPV vaccine is the best way to prevent HPV infection and the types of cancers that are linked to it. […] The HPV vaccine protects against the human papillomavirus (HPV). It is a quadrivalent vaccine, targeting four types of HPV. […] The vaccine can prevent more than 90% of the cancers associated with HPV. […] The HPV vaccine is recommended for people ages 9 to 26. […] The HPV vaccine is very safe and poses no risk to fertility. […] The HPV vaccine can even help protect fertility by preventing pre-cancerous cervical lesions and gynecological issues related to the treatment of cervical cancer.
  • #63 Parent Concerns About HPV Vaccine Safety Increasing – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-vaccine-parents-safety-concerns
    There is no evidence that HPV vaccines lead to infertility or autoimmune diseases, although these are common myths. […] Studies have shown that while individuals trust medical professionals for health information, a growing number are turning to the internet for first and second opinions about HPV, HPV vaccines, and HPV-associated cancer, they continued. […] Unfortunately, some information about HPV vaccines and cancer found online and on social media is inaccurate. […] There has been a rise in negative and incorrect informationalso called misinformationabout HPV vaccines on social media in recent years, Dr. Sonawane noted. […] I dont want to rush to the idea that the shift towards giving this reason [of safety concerns] means that fewer people will get the vaccine, Dr. Kobrin said. […] According to recent data, there has been a steady increase in HPV vaccination rates.
  • #64 HPV Vaccine and Ovarian Cancer: Myths and Facts
    https://www.healthline.com/health/ovarian-cancer/hpv-vaccine-causes-ovarian-cancer
    The HPV vaccine does not cause or prevent ovarian cancer. […] The HPV vaccine does not cause any type of cancer. […] The HPV vaccine does not offer protection against ovarian cancer. The vaccine only protects against the cancers caused by HPV infection, and ovarian cancer is not one of them. […] The HPV vaccine does not cause ovarian failure. […] No. Multiple studies on HPV vaccines have failed to find any link between vaccination and the development of autoimmune disorders. […] While the HPV vaccine may help protect against cervical cancer, it does not prevent ovarian cancer.
  • #65 Do I Need an HPV Vaccine? | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health
    https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/do-i-need-an-hpv-vaccine
    The vaccine is less effective in people already exposed to HPV, Wysong says, but it is still recommended to get the vaccine. […] Because the HPV protects against nine strains of the virus, Limaye explains, even if someone has been infected with one type, they can still benefit from protection against other strains. […] While the HPV vaccine prevents new HPV infections, Limaye adds, it does not treat existing HPV infections or diseases. […] Gardasil-9 was approved after robust clinical trials with more than 15,000 females and males. Studies have consistently demonstrated its safety and have shown that it has no effect on fertility.
  • #66 Parent Concerns About HPV Vaccine Safety Increasing – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-vaccine-parents-safety-concerns
    Despite more than 15 years of consistent evidence that HPV vaccines are safe and effective, a new study has found that more parents are citing concerns about the vaccines safety in recent years. […] The HPV vaccine protects against six different kinds of cancer (cervical, anal, back of the throat, penile, vaginal, and vulvar) that are caused by infection with the human papillomavirus, or HPV. […] But from 2015 to 2018, the study showed, the percentage of parents who declined the HPV vaccine for their kids due to safety concerns nearly doubled. […] Reports of serious health issues after HPV vaccination were consistently rarearound 1.8 per 100,000 HPV vaccine doses, or 0.0018%. […] Just because a health problem is reported in VAERS doesnt mean the vaccine caused it, Dr. Sonawane cautioned.
  • #67 Parent Concerns About HPV Vaccine Safety Increasing – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-vaccine-parents-safety-concerns
    Despite more than 15 years of consistent evidence that HPV vaccines are safe and effective, a new study has found that more parents are citing concerns about the vaccines safety in recent years. […] The HPV vaccine protects against six different kinds of cancer (cervical, anal, back of the throat, penile, vaginal, and vulvar) that are caused by infection with the human papillomavirus, or HPV. […] But from 2015 to 2018, the study showed, the percentage of parents who declined the HPV vaccine for their kids due to safety concerns nearly doubled. […] Reports of serious health issues after HPV vaccination were consistently rarearound 1.8 per 100,000 HPV vaccine doses, or 0.0018%. […] Just because a health problem is reported in VAERS doesnt mean the vaccine caused it, Dr. Sonawane cautioned.
  • #68 Parent Concerns About HPV Vaccine Safety Increasing – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-vaccine-parents-safety-concerns
    Despite more than 15 years of consistent evidence that HPV vaccines are safe and effective, a new study has found that more parents are citing concerns about the vaccines safety in recent years. […] The HPV vaccine protects against six different kinds of cancer (cervical, anal, back of the throat, penile, vaginal, and vulvar) that are caused by infection with the human papillomavirus, or HPV. […] But from 2015 to 2018, the study showed, the percentage of parents who declined the HPV vaccine for their kids due to safety concerns nearly doubled. […] Reports of serious health issues after HPV vaccination were consistently rarearound 1.8 per 100,000 HPV vaccine doses, or 0.0018%. […] Just because a health problem is reported in VAERS doesnt mean the vaccine caused it, Dr. Sonawane cautioned.
  • #69 Parent Concerns About HPV Vaccine Safety Increasing – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-vaccine-parents-safety-concerns
    There is no evidence that HPV vaccines lead to infertility or autoimmune diseases, although these are common myths. […] Studies have shown that while individuals trust medical professionals for health information, a growing number are turning to the internet for first and second opinions about HPV, HPV vaccines, and HPV-associated cancer, they continued. […] Unfortunately, some information about HPV vaccines and cancer found online and on social media is inaccurate. […] There has been a rise in negative and incorrect informationalso called misinformationabout HPV vaccines on social media in recent years, Dr. Sonawane noted. […] I dont want to rush to the idea that the shift towards giving this reason [of safety concerns] means that fewer people will get the vaccine, Dr. Kobrin said. […] According to recent data, there has been a steady increase in HPV vaccination rates.
  • #70 Parent Concerns About HPV Vaccine Safety Increasing – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-vaccine-parents-safety-concerns
    There is no evidence that HPV vaccines lead to infertility or autoimmune diseases, although these are common myths. […] Studies have shown that while individuals trust medical professionals for health information, a growing number are turning to the internet for first and second opinions about HPV, HPV vaccines, and HPV-associated cancer, they continued. […] Unfortunately, some information about HPV vaccines and cancer found online and on social media is inaccurate. […] There has been a rise in negative and incorrect informationalso called misinformationabout HPV vaccines on social media in recent years, Dr. Sonawane noted. […] I dont want to rush to the idea that the shift towards giving this reason [of safety concerns] means that fewer people will get the vaccine, Dr. Kobrin said. […] According to recent data, there has been a steady increase in HPV vaccination rates.
  • #71 Parent Concerns About HPV Vaccine Safety Increasing – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-vaccine-parents-safety-concerns
    There is no evidence that HPV vaccines lead to infertility or autoimmune diseases, although these are common myths. […] Studies have shown that while individuals trust medical professionals for health information, a growing number are turning to the internet for first and second opinions about HPV, HPV vaccines, and HPV-associated cancer, they continued. […] Unfortunately, some information about HPV vaccines and cancer found online and on social media is inaccurate. […] There has been a rise in negative and incorrect informationalso called misinformationabout HPV vaccines on social media in recent years, Dr. Sonawane noted. […] I dont want to rush to the idea that the shift towards giving this reason [of safety concerns] means that fewer people will get the vaccine, Dr. Kobrin said. […] According to recent data, there has been a steady increase in HPV vaccination rates.
  • #72 Scientific evaluation of alleged findings in HPV vaccines: Molecular mimicry and mouse models of vaccine‐induced disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9530884/
    Cervical cancer is caused by infections of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can be prevented by vaccinations. […] The claims have been based on the alleged pathogenic findings in research articles on HPV vaccines, summarized in the document prepared by the plaintiffs’ attorneys. We critically evaluated these articles, in which the authors proposed the following findings/hypothesis: (i) molecular mimicry between HPV L1 and human proteins leads to the production of crossreactive antibodies; and (ii) HPV vaccine injection in mice causes damage in the brain, a mouse model for HPV vaccine associated neuroimmunopathic syndrome (HANS). […] We found that those data were based on flawed methods/interpretation, such as partial molecular mimicry, and could not explain the symptoms of adverse reactions.
  • #73 Scientific evaluation of alleged findings in HPV vaccines: Molecular mimicry and mouse models of vaccine‐induced disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9530884/
    Cervical cancer is caused by infections of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can be prevented by vaccinations. […] The claims have been based on the alleged pathogenic findings in research articles on HPV vaccines, summarized in the document prepared by the plaintiffs’ attorneys. We critically evaluated these articles, in which the authors proposed the following findings/hypothesis: (i) molecular mimicry between HPV L1 and human proteins leads to the production of crossreactive antibodies; and (ii) HPV vaccine injection in mice causes damage in the brain, a mouse model for HPV vaccine associated neuroimmunopathic syndrome (HANS). […] We found that those data were based on flawed methods/interpretation, such as partial molecular mimicry, and could not explain the symptoms of adverse reactions.
  • #74 Scientific evaluation of alleged findings in HPV vaccines: Molecular mimicry and mouse models of vaccine‐induced disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9530884/
    The plaintiffs of the lawsuits claimed that they had neuropsychological symptoms caused by HPV vaccination. Their claims are based on several publications on the alleged pathogenic roles of the HPV vaccine, which were summarized in the document posted on their website by the plaintiffs’ attorneys. […] The alleged findings have been used repeatedly in the lawsuits or by antivaccine activists, not only in Japan but also in other countries. […] We believe that our evaluation will help readers understand the validity of the findings, which have often been misunderstood as the truth by the general public. […] The criteria excluded the case having HPV vaccination after 30 years of age, although people after 30 years are known to be more susceptible to a variety of immunerelated diseases. […] HANS has been proposed to be mediated by antiHPVspecific immune responses. However, no articles have reported HANSlike signs/symptoms among HPVinfected people (natural infection), some of which are expected to develop strong HPVspecific immune responses; more than 80% of women and men have been estimated to acquire HPV by age 45 years. […] Although we did not evaluate the other articles cited in the lawsuits, the alleged adverse reactions in these articles were from Al hydroxide, which is included in 2vHPV, but not in 4vHPV; diverse symptoms specific to two HPV vaccines cannot be explained with the Al hydroxide hypothesis.
  • #75 Scientific evaluation of alleged findings in HPV vaccines: Molecular mimicry and mouse models of vaccine‐induced disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9530884/
    The plaintiffs of the lawsuits claimed that they had neuropsychological symptoms caused by HPV vaccination. Their claims are based on several publications on the alleged pathogenic roles of the HPV vaccine, which were summarized in the document posted on their website by the plaintiffs’ attorneys. […] The alleged findings have been used repeatedly in the lawsuits or by antivaccine activists, not only in Japan but also in other countries. […] We believe that our evaluation will help readers understand the validity of the findings, which have often been misunderstood as the truth by the general public. […] The criteria excluded the case having HPV vaccination after 30 years of age, although people after 30 years are known to be more susceptible to a variety of immunerelated diseases. […] HANS has been proposed to be mediated by antiHPVspecific immune responses. However, no articles have reported HANSlike signs/symptoms among HPVinfected people (natural infection), some of which are expected to develop strong HPVspecific immune responses; more than 80% of women and men have been estimated to acquire HPV by age 45 years. […] Although we did not evaluate the other articles cited in the lawsuits, the alleged adverse reactions in these articles were from Al hydroxide, which is included in 2vHPV, but not in 4vHPV; diverse symptoms specific to two HPV vaccines cannot be explained with the Al hydroxide hypothesis.
  • #76 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet
    Clinical trials have shown that HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing cervical infection with the types of HPV they target when given before first exposure to the virus – that is, before individuals begin to engage in sexual activity. HPV vaccines have also been found to reduce infections in other tissues that HPV infects, including the anus and oral region. […] Because the cell changes and cancers caused by HPV take years to develop, it has only recently been confirmed that the vaccines reduce the risk of these outcomes as well. Trials and real-world data from population-based studies have now demonstrated that the vaccines greatly reduce the risk of precancers and cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in vaccinated women. […] Widespread HPV vaccination has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence around the world by as much as 90%. In addition, the vaccines may reduce the need for screening and subsequent medical care, biopsies, and invasive procedures associated with follow-up from abnormal cervical screening, thus helping to reduce health care costs and anxieties related to follow-up procedures.
  • #77 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet
    Clinical trials have shown that HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing cervical infection with the types of HPV they target when given before first exposure to the virus – that is, before individuals begin to engage in sexual activity. HPV vaccines have also been found to reduce infections in other tissues that HPV infects, including the anus and oral region. […] Because the cell changes and cancers caused by HPV take years to develop, it has only recently been confirmed that the vaccines reduce the risk of these outcomes as well. Trials and real-world data from population-based studies have now demonstrated that the vaccines greatly reduce the risk of precancers and cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in vaccinated women. […] Widespread HPV vaccination has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence around the world by as much as 90%. In addition, the vaccines may reduce the need for screening and subsequent medical care, biopsies, and invasive procedures associated with follow-up from abnormal cervical screening, thus helping to reduce health care costs and anxieties related to follow-up procedures.
  • #78 Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family
    https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/questioning-whether-to-get-your-child-the-hpv-vaccine-read-this/
    The CDC reports that clinical trials of HPV vaccine among persons not previously exposed to a targeted HPV type have shown near 100% vaccine efficacy in preventing cervical pre-cancers, vulvar and vaginal pre-cancers, and genital warts in women caused by the vaccine types, as well as 90% vaccine efficacy in preventing genital warts and 75% vaccine efficacy in preventing anal pre-cancers in men. […] It is estimated that if everyone received the 9-valent HPV vaccine as recommended, about 29,000 cancers could be prevented each year. […] It’s unacceptable that HPV vaccination rates are lagging behind in comparison to other vaccines recommended at the same age. Especially since there have been several studies that provide evidence that the vaccine is reducing the incidence of infection. […] Consider a 2013 report by the CDC, which looked at some of the strains targeted by the vaccine. It compared the infection rate in girls 14-19 before the vaccine was approved, and another from after it was approved. Among girls who had received the vaccine, the drop in HPV infections was as high as 88%.
  • #79 Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family
    https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/questioning-whether-to-get-your-child-the-hpv-vaccine-read-this/
    The CDC reports that clinical trials of HPV vaccine among persons not previously exposed to a targeted HPV type have shown near 100% vaccine efficacy in preventing cervical pre-cancers, vulvar and vaginal pre-cancers, and genital warts in women caused by the vaccine types, as well as 90% vaccine efficacy in preventing genital warts and 75% vaccine efficacy in preventing anal pre-cancers in men. […] It is estimated that if everyone received the 9-valent HPV vaccine as recommended, about 29,000 cancers could be prevented each year. […] It’s unacceptable that HPV vaccination rates are lagging behind in comparison to other vaccines recommended at the same age. Especially since there have been several studies that provide evidence that the vaccine is reducing the incidence of infection. […] Consider a 2013 report by the CDC, which looked at some of the strains targeted by the vaccine. It compared the infection rate in girls 14-19 before the vaccine was approved, and another from after it was approved. Among girls who had received the vaccine, the drop in HPV infections was as high as 88%.
  • #80 Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family
    https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/questioning-whether-to-get-your-child-the-hpv-vaccine-read-this/
    The CDC reports that clinical trials of HPV vaccine among persons not previously exposed to a targeted HPV type have shown near 100% vaccine efficacy in preventing cervical pre-cancers, vulvar and vaginal pre-cancers, and genital warts in women caused by the vaccine types, as well as 90% vaccine efficacy in preventing genital warts and 75% vaccine efficacy in preventing anal pre-cancers in men. […] It is estimated that if everyone received the 9-valent HPV vaccine as recommended, about 29,000 cancers could be prevented each year. […] It’s unacceptable that HPV vaccination rates are lagging behind in comparison to other vaccines recommended at the same age. Especially since there have been several studies that provide evidence that the vaccine is reducing the incidence of infection. […] Consider a 2013 report by the CDC, which looked at some of the strains targeted by the vaccine. It compared the infection rate in girls 14-19 before the vaccine was approved, and another from after it was approved. Among girls who had received the vaccine, the drop in HPV infections was as high as 88%.
  • #81 Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family Questioning Whether To Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine? Read This – Vaccinate Your Family
    https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/questioning-whether-to-get-your-child-the-hpv-vaccine-read-this/
    This data, combined with a 44% reduction in the diagnosis of genital warts among young heterosexual men (who were not being vaccinated at the time), suggests that HPV infections are declining as a direct result of vaccination and the profound impact of herd immunity. […] By getting your child the HPV vaccine series as recommended, you’re helping to prevent your child from suffering with cancer.
  • #82 HPV Vaccine | Prevents a Person Contracting the Human Papillomavirus
    https://www.hpv.org.nz/hpv-prevention/hpv-vaccine
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the worlds most widespread viral infections. It is easily passed on from person to person, and without vaccination almost everyone will come into contact with it at some point in their life. […] The HPV vaccine prevents a person from HPV types that cause several cancers, including: Cervical cancer, Vaginal and vulval cancers, Anal cancer, Throat cancer, Penile cancer. […] There is currently no available effective screening or testing for anal, vulval, penile or throat HPV-related infections or cancers, as there is no swab or blood test that can check for all HPV types and also because, in some people, the virus is „hibernating” at levels that are not detectable by testing. Therefore vaccination, ideally before ever having sex, is highly recommended and is the most effective way of preventing HPV.
  • #83 Questions and Answers about HPV and the Vaccine | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/human-papillomavirus/prevent-hpv
    HPV is spread through genital contact, most often, but not always, during sex. It can also spread through oral sex. Most people don’t know they have HPV, so they often don’t realize they are spreading the virus. Since HPV is so common, if you are intimate with anyone, the best way to reduce your chance of getting infected is to be vaccinated with the HPV vaccine. […] Yes, in some people the virus causes changes in cells that lead to the development of potentially fatal cancers. […] The HPV vaccine protects against nine types of HPV. Two earlier versions protected against two or four types. The types of HPV in the vaccine protect against the most common causes of cancer and genital warts. If, after being vaccinated, a person is exposed with a type of HPV that was included in the vaccine, he or she is unlikely to be infected and, therefore, wouldn’t spread the virus. However, if a vaccinated person is exposed to an HPV type not in the vaccine, they could potentially be infected and spread the virus to others.
  • #84
    https://www.nbcnews.com/health/cancer/cancer-hpv-increasing-women-vaccine-safe-rcna196439
    Every year, 13,000 women in the U.S. are diagnosed with cervical cancer, which is almost always caused by HPV, or human papillomavirus. About 4,320 die each year, according to the American Cancer Society. […] HPV vaccines are safe and can prevent 90% of cervical cancers. Yet resistance to the vaccine, which protects against cancer-causing strains of the sexually transmitted infection, has persisted since it was approved almost 20 years ago. […] More than 42 million people in the U.S. carry at least one strain of HPV that can cause disease, including genital warts or cancer, and 47,000 a year are diagnosed with an HPV-linked malignancy. […] Among women ages 20 to 24 who were eligible for HPV shots as adolescents the incidence of cervical precancer fell nearly 80% from 2002 to 2008, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cervical cancer incidence fell 65% from 2012 to 2019 among women under 25.