Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/blindness-and-vision-loss

  Globally, at least 1 billion people have a near or distance vision impairment that could have been prevented or has yet to be addressed. […] Cataracts and uncorrected refractive errors are estimated to be the leading causes of vision impairment; however, other causes for vision impairment cannot be ignored. Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, long standing systemic conditions like diabetes causing diabetic retinopathy, infectious diseases of the eye and trauma to the eye are all equally important causes for vision impairment that need to be addressed. […] Although effective interventions exist to address the two leading causes of vision impairment, namely optical correction for refractive errors and surgery for cataract, there remains a large unmet need for care. […] Vision impairment that cannot be corrected or reversed requires rehabilitation measures, for which there are several available.

• #2 Common Causes of Vision Loss

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/vision-loss-5094948

  The idea of losing your vision can be scary. In the U.S., 50 million adults have experienced some sort of vision loss. Around the globe, there are an estimated 1.1 billion people with vision impairment. Among those, 43 million are blind, and 295 million have moderate to severe visual impairment. […] Some vision loss happens suddenly. Other times, it happens gradually. Partial blindness refers to limited vision, and complete blindness or blindness is when you cannot see anything, including light. Here is information on some of the most common causes of vision loss, including cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. […] A cataract is a clouding in the lens of your eye. It is the most common cause of age-related vision loss. In addition to age, diabetes, eye injury, too much sun exposure, and other factors can speed up cataract formation.

• #3 Leading Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment-EnableMe

  https://www.enableme.ke/en/disabilities/blindness-and-vision-impairment-1684

  Universally, at least 2.2 billion people suffer from different forms of vision impairment globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). At least half of these cases are preventable. […] Blindness is the state of complete loss of vision, due to either illnesses or genetic conditions. Vision impairment refers to the decrease of visual ability to a certain degree, resulting in problems that cannot be fixed by corrective methods such as glasses or corrective surgery. […] Blindness and vision problems can occur suddenly or over time due to various causes, from illnesses, genetic issues or accidents. […] There are several causes of blindness and visual impairment, however, cataracts and uncorrected refractive errors are the primary causes of sight loss. Age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma follow closely as the next most prevalent contributors to sight loss.

• #4 Causes of Vision Loss | The Outreach Center for Deafness and Blindness

  https://deafandblindoutreach.org/causes-of-vision-loss

  The most common causes of vision loss globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). […] Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. […] Vision loss can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, prematurity, or trauma among others. These cases are known as cortical visual impairment. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of vision problems are either preventable or curable with treatment. This includes cataracts, trachoma, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, uncorrected refractive errors, and some cases of childhood blindness.

• #5 IAPB Vision Atlas

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/vision-atlas/causes-of-vision-loss/

  Causes of sight loss The leading causes of sight loss are simple to treatdiscover the conditions driving the global burden of sight loss. […] 90% of sight loss is preventable or treatable.

• #6

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment

  Globally, the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness are: refractive errors, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration. […] There is substantial variation in the causes of vision impairment between and within countries according to the availability of eye care services, their affordability, and the education of the population. […] Uncorrected refractive error remains a leading cause of vision impairment in all countries amongst children and adult populations.

• #7 Causes of Vision Loss | The Outreach Center for Deafness and Blindness

  https://deafandblindoutreach.org/causes-of-vision-loss

  The most common causes of vision loss globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). […] Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. […] Vision loss can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, prematurity, or trauma among others. These cases are known as cortical visual impairment. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of vision problems are either preventable or curable with treatment. This includes cataracts, trachoma, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, uncorrected refractive errors, and some cases of childhood blindness.

• #8 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  Low vision, visual impairment, and blindness are broad terms encompassing a range of conditions affecting an individual’s ability to see and function in daily life. […] The leading causes of blindness globally are cataracts, glaucoma, uncorrected refractive errors, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. […] There can be many different causes of blindness. The leading causes of blindness worldwide are cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and trachoma. […] The most common causes of blindness are: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] In developed countries, the major causes of blindness are: Trauma, Glaucoma, Diabetic retinopathy, Vascular occlusions, Cataract, Age-related macular degeneration.

• #9 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  Low vision, visual impairment, and blindness are broad terms encompassing a range of conditions affecting an individual’s ability to see and function in daily life. […] The leading causes of blindness globally are cataracts, glaucoma, uncorrected refractive errors, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. […] There can be many different causes of blindness. The leading causes of blindness worldwide are cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and trachoma. […] The most common causes of blindness are: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] In developed countries, the major causes of blindness are: Trauma, Glaucoma, Diabetic retinopathy, Vascular occlusions, Cataract, Age-related macular degeneration.

• #10 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  Visual impairment is the partial or total inability of visual perception. […] The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). […] Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness. […] Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. […] Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, premature birth, or trauma, among others. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of visual impairment is either preventable or curable with treatment. […] The most common causes of visual impairment globally in 2010 were: Refractive error (42%), Cataract (33%), Glaucoma (2%), Age-related macular degeneration (1%), Corneal opacification (1%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Childhood blindness, Trachoma (1%), Undetermined (18%).

• #11 What Causes Blindness?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/vision-center/what-causes-blindness.aspx

  Five common eye diseases are the major causes of blindness in adults around the globe. […] When any of these eye parts are damaged, either through illness or injury, blindness can occur. Examples of damage to the eye include: […] Nearly all cases of blindness around the world are caused by eye diseases, with cataracts being the number-one cause for adults age 50 and older, followed by glaucoma, uncorrected refractive error, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy, according to an analysis published in the Lancet Global Health in February 2021. […] Blindness from cataracts can be prevented with surgery to remove the damaged lens from the eye and, in most cases, insert an artificial one. […] But since so many cases are left uncorrected, these errors are a top cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide, per the World Health Organization (WHO).

• #12 What Are the Causes of Blindness and Vision Loss?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/causes-of-blindness/

  One undeniable fact of aging: Were more at risk for a range of eye problems as the years pass. […] The leading causes of blindness macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and cataracts are primarily age-related. […] About 12 million U.S. adults age 40 and over have vision impairment, including 1 million who are blind, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. […] Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is a leading cause of vision loss among Americans over age 50. […] Diabetic retinopathy a complication of diabetes is extremely common: More than 2 in 5 people with diabetes develop diabetic retinopathy, according to the National Institutes of Healths National Eye Institute; older Hispanic people are at especially high risk.

• #13 Fast Facts: Vision Loss | Vision and Eye Health | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/data-research/vision-loss-facts/index.html

  Approximately 12 million people 40 years and over in the United States have vision impairment. This includes 1 million with blindness. […] As of 2012, 4.2 million Americans aged 40 or older have uncorrectable vision impairment. This number is predicted to more than double by 2050. […] The US has a rapidly aging population, which means more people living with diabetes and other chronic conditions which can lead to vision loss. […] Early detection and timely treatment of eye conditions such as diabetic retinopathy has been found to be effective. 90% of blindness in US adults caused by diabetes is preventable. […] Vision loss causes a substantial social and economic toll for millions of people. This includes significant disability, loss of productivity, and decreased quality of life.

• #14

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment

  Globally, the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness are: refractive errors, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration. […] There is substantial variation in the causes of vision impairment between and within countries according to the availability of eye care services, their affordability, and the education of the population. […] Uncorrected refractive error remains a leading cause of vision impairment in all countries amongst children and adult populations.

• #15 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  Low vision, visual impairment, and blindness are broad terms encompassing a range of conditions affecting an individual’s ability to see and function in daily life. […] The leading causes of blindness globally are cataracts, glaucoma, uncorrected refractive errors, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. […] There can be many different causes of blindness. The leading causes of blindness worldwide are cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and trachoma. […] The most common causes of blindness are: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] In developed countries, the major causes of blindness are: Trauma, Glaucoma, Diabetic retinopathy, Vascular occlusions, Cataract, Age-related macular degeneration.

• #16 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  The most common causes of blindness worldwide in 2010 were: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. […] Cataracts are the leading cause of child and adult blindness that doubles in prevalence with every ten years after the age of 40. […] Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve. […] Childhood blindness can be caused by conditions related to pregnancy, such as congenital rubella syndrome and retinopathy of prematurity. […] Eye injuries, most often occurring in people under 30, are the leading cause of monocular blindness throughout the United States.

• #17 Blindness: Types, Causes, Diagnosis & Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/blindness/article.htm

  In third-world nations where 90% of the world’s visually impaired population lives, the principal causes of blindness are infections, cataracts, glaucoma, injury, and inability to obtain any glasses. […] The most common infectious cause of blindness in developed nations is herpes simplex. […] Other causes of blindness include: Vitamin A deficiency, Retinopathy of prematurity, Blood vessel diseases involving the retina or optic nerve include: Stroke, infectious diseases of the cornea or retina, Ocular inflammatory disease, Retinitis pigmentosa, Primary or secondary malignancies of the eye, congenital abnormalities, hereditary diseases of the eye, Chemical poisoning from toxic agents such as methanol. […] A principal risk factor for blindness is living in a third-world nation without ready access to modern medical care.

• #18

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment

  Globally, the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness are: refractive errors, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration. […] There is substantial variation in the causes of vision impairment between and within countries according to the availability of eye care services, their affordability, and the education of the population. […] Uncorrected refractive error remains a leading cause of vision impairment in all countries amongst children and adult populations.

• #19 Causes of Visual Impairment – Navigating Visual Challenges

  https://lowvisionaids.org/blog/causes-of-visual-impairment/

  In low-income countries, hereditary blindness is the most common cause of vision loss in children. In middle-income countries, retinopathy of prematurity is more common. […] Uncorrected refractive error is still the most common reason why children and adults have visual impairments in every country. […] Cataracts make it hard to see because they cloud the lenses of your eyes, making things less clear and yellowed. If you cant get surgery for your severe cataracts, you could go blind. […] Diabetic retinopathy is an eye problem that can happen if you have diabetes. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina) has blood vessel damage that leads to it. […] Damage to the optic nerve in the back of the eye can lead to glaucoma, a group of eye diseases that can make you lose your peripheral vision.

• #20 Common Eye Diseases and Causes of Vision Loss – Massachusetts Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired

  https://www.mabvi.org/common-eye-diseases-and-causes-of-vision-loss/

  Amblyopia (or lazy eye) is the most common cause of vision loss among children. […] Cataract is a clouding of the eyes lens and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. […] An estimated 20.5 million (17.2%) Americans aged 40 years and older have cataract in one or both eyes, and 6.1 million (5.1%) have had their lens removed operatively. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. […] Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] It is the leading cause of blindness among U.S. working-aged adults aged 20-74 years.

• #21 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  The most common causes of blindness worldwide in 2010 were: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. […] Cataracts are the leading cause of child and adult blindness that doubles in prevalence with every ten years after the age of 40. […] Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve. […] Childhood blindness can be caused by conditions related to pregnancy, such as congenital rubella syndrome and retinopathy of prematurity. […] Eye injuries, most often occurring in people under 30, are the leading cause of monocular blindness throughout the United States.

• #22 Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29032195/

  Contemporary data for causes of vision impairment and blindness form an important basis of recommendations in public health policies. […] We identified 288 studies of 3 983 541 participants contributing data from 98 countries. Among the global population with moderate or severe vision impairment in 2015 (2166 million [80% uncertainty interval 985 million to 3591 million]), the leading causes were uncorrected refractive error (1163 million [494 million to 2021 million]), cataract (526 million [182 million to 1096 million]), age-related macular degeneration (84 million [09 million to 295 million]), glaucoma (40 million [06 million to 133 million]), and diabetic retinopathy (26 million [02 million to 99 million]). […] Among the global population who were blind in 2015 (360 million [129 million to 654 million]), the leading causes were cataract (126 million [34 million to 287 million]), uncorrected refractive error (74 million [24 million to 148 million]), and glaucoma (29 million [04 million to 99 million]).

• #23 About Common Eye Disorders and Diseases | Vision and Eye Health | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/about-eye-disorders/index.html

  Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] The leading causes of blindness and low vision in the United States are primarily age-related eye diseases. […] Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. […] Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision impairment in children. […] Amblyopia is the most common cause of permanent one-eye vision impairment among children and young and middle-aged adults.

• #24 6 Common Causes of Blindness (Vision Impairment)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness

  Blindness is usually caused by age-related conditions such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, or cataracts, but other rare conditions can also cause it in people of all ages. […] Risk factors for AMD include smoking or having a family history of the disease. White people may also be at a higher risk than other ethnicities. […] About half of all people with glaucoma don’t know they have it because it progresses very slowly. It first damages your side (peripheral) vision and can eventually cause blindness. […] Risk factors for cataracts include: aging, smoking (if you smoke), alcohol (if you drink), prolonged exposure to sunlight, diabetes. […] People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, including those with type 1 and type 2 or who are pregnant (gestational diabetes).

• #25 What are the Main Causes of Blindness? | Blog | IBVI

  https://ibvi.org/blog/what-are-the-main-causes-of-blindness/

  A cataract is a clouding of the eyes lens, and can occur at any age and for a variety of reasons, including genetics, age, trauma, skin disease, radiation, drug use and medication. […] Cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment in the US, as well as the leading cause of blindness worldwide. […] Diabetic retinopathy is a common side effect of diabetes and is the leading cause of blindness in American adults.

• #26 Visual Disability and Causes of Preventable Blindness | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69973

  The causes from one country to another. The visual impairment attributable to cataract is greater in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In high-income countries, diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration are related to the most frequent age. […] The different etiologies are known to have multifactorial causes; in cataract modifiable risk factors are identified as exposure to ultraviolet rays, mainly UV-B, deficiency in the diet of antioxidants and proteins, smoking, diabetes mellitus, the use of corticosteroids, and severe dehydration. And non-modifiable risk factors are genetic, with a probability three times higher in relatives of people with the disease.

• #27 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-visual-impairment.aspx

  This is basically impaired vision in one eye due to lack of its use in early childhood. […] This stops development of the weaker eye leading to amblyopia in that eye. […] Cataracts prevent light from easily passing through the lens, and this causes loss of vision. […] Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world (47.8%) compared to other eye disorders. […] Diabetes affects the small blood vessels in the retina. When damaged this leads to impairment of vision. […] This is the commonest cause of blindness and visual impairment in the United States. […] This condition results due to raised pressure within the eyes. The increased pressure impairs vision by damaging the optic nerve. […] Age related Macular degeneration or AMD that is a progressive loss of the visual acuity due to damage to the macula that is the most sensitive part of the retina. […] This is usually caused by viral infections of the eyes called Cytomegalovirus or CMV retinitis. […] Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer of children.

• #28 Common Eye Diseases and Causes of Vision Loss – Massachusetts Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired

  https://www.mabvi.org/common-eye-diseases-and-causes-of-vision-loss/

  Amblyopia (or lazy eye) is the most common cause of vision loss among children. […] Cataract is a clouding of the eyes lens and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. […] An estimated 20.5 million (17.2%) Americans aged 40 years and older have cataract in one or both eyes, and 6.1 million (5.1%) have had their lens removed operatively. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. […] Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] It is the leading cause of blindness among U.S. working-aged adults aged 20-74 years.

• #29 Global Causes of Preventable Blindness and Vision Impairment

  https://eyerounds.org/tutorials/global-blindness/index.htm

  With increasing life expectancy, many countries are seeing an increase in their average population age and a shift in disease burden towards acquired and age-related conditions. The growing and aging of populations has led to an increasing number of individuals with moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness. Many of the prevalent causes of vision loss are preventable or treatable. […] Uncorrected refractive errors (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia) are important contributors to MSVI as they can be easily corrected by spectacles, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. Uncorrected refractive errors in patients aged 50 and older were responsible for approximately 86 million cases of MSVI in 2020. […] Cataracts are the largest contributor to blindness in adults aged 50 years and older. According to the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), there were an estimated 10.8 million individuals blind from cataracts in 2010. In 2020, there were over 15 million individuals affected, accounting for approximately 45% of global blindness.

• #30 Common Eye Diseases and Causes of Vision Loss – Massachusetts Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired

  https://www.mabvi.org/common-eye-diseases-and-causes-of-vision-loss/

  Amblyopia (or lazy eye) is the most common cause of vision loss among children. […] Cataract is a clouding of the eyes lens and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. […] An estimated 20.5 million (17.2%) Americans aged 40 years and older have cataract in one or both eyes, and 6.1 million (5.1%) have had their lens removed operatively. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. […] Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] It is the leading cause of blindness among U.S. working-aged adults aged 20-74 years.

• #31 Experiencing Vision Loss? Here Are the 4 Main Causes of Blindness | Ochsner Health

  https://blog.ochsner.org/articles/experiencing-vision-loss-here-are-the-4-main-causes-of-blindness

  More than 4.2 million Americans aged 40-years and older are either legally blind or experience impaired vision. There are four main causes of blindness: glaucoma, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. […] Closed-angle glaucoma can appear suddenly and is painful. Visual loss can progress quickly, but the pain and discomfort often lead patients to seek medical attention before permanent damage occurs. […] A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye. […] As cataracts grow, they can cause damage in your vision. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that primarily affects the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. […] Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes, and is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] Early diagnosis and timely treatment can reduce the risk of vision loss.

• #32 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  The most common causes of blindness worldwide in 2010 were: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. […] Cataracts are the leading cause of child and adult blindness that doubles in prevalence with every ten years after the age of 40. […] Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve. […] Childhood blindness can be caused by conditions related to pregnancy, such as congenital rubella syndrome and retinopathy of prematurity. […] Eye injuries, most often occurring in people under 30, are the leading cause of monocular blindness throughout the United States.

• #33 Glaucoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839

  Glaucoma develops when the optic nerve becomes damaged. As this nerve gradually gets worse, blind spots develop in your vision. For reasons that eye doctors don’t fully understand, this nerve damage is usually related to increased pressure in the eye. […] Raised eye pressure happens as the result of a buildup of fluid that flows throughout the inside of the eye. This fluid, called the aqueous humor, usually drains through a tissue located at the angle where the iris and cornea meet. This tissue is called the trabecular meshwork. […] The optic nerve may be sensitive or experience less blood flow. This limited blood flow may be caused by the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries or other conditions that damage circulation. The buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries also is known as atherosclerosis.

• #34 Glaucoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839

  Glaucoma develops when the optic nerve becomes damaged. As this nerve gradually gets worse, blind spots develop in your vision. For reasons that eye doctors don’t fully understand, this nerve damage is usually related to increased pressure in the eye. […] Raised eye pressure happens as the result of a buildup of fluid that flows throughout the inside of the eye. This fluid, called the aqueous humor, usually drains through a tissue located at the angle where the iris and cornea meet. This tissue is called the trabecular meshwork. […] The optic nerve may be sensitive or experience less blood flow. This limited blood flow may be caused by the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries or other conditions that damage circulation. The buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries also is known as atherosclerosis.

• #35 Glaucoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839

  A child may be born with glaucoma or develop it in the first few years of life. Blocked drainage, injury or an underlying medical condition may cause optic nerve damage. […] In pigmentary glaucoma, small pigment granules flake off from the iris and block or slow fluid drainage from the eye. Activities such as jogging sometimes stir up the pigment granules. That leads to a deposit of pigment granules on tissue located at the angle where the iris and cornea meet. The granule deposits cause an increase in pressure. […] Glaucoma tends to run in families. In some people, scientists have identified genes related to high eye pressure and optic nerve damage.

• #36 Global Causes of Preventable Blindness and Vision Impairment

  https://eyerounds.org/tutorials/global-blindness/index.htm

  Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness (second leading cause of overall blindness) and fourth leading cause of MSVI worldwide. There are an estimated 76 million individuals worldwide affected by glaucoma and nearly 3.8 million were blind as result of the disease in 2020. […] A total of 170 million individuals are affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) globally. The prevalence in the United States alone is estimated to be 11 million, accounting for $4.6 billion in direct annual healthcare costs. In 2020, an estimated 1.8 million patients went blind from AMD. […] While the age-adjusted prevalence of other causes of blindness and MSVI (e.g., refractive error, cataract, glaucoma, and AMD) have decreased, the global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has increased over the last 30 years, particularly in southern sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, and North America. It is estimated that over 100 million individuals worldwide were affected with DR in 2020, and this number is projected to increase to 160 million by 2045.

• #37 Vision Loss Causes and Symptoms | Florida Eye

  https://floridaeye.org/eye-health/vision-loss-causes-and-symptoms/

  Diabetic retinopathy can weaken blood vessels in the retina, which rupture and bleed within the eye. […] The most important thing for you to know if you are a diabetic is that vision loss as a result of diabetes can be prevented 9 times out of 10 providing you schedule regular dilated eye exams. […] A detached retina is very serious. If the retina isnt repaired surgically, you could lose your vision permanently in that eye. […] The primary cause of blindness in those over 55 is macular degeneration. […] Glaucoma usually develops with no symptoms until vision is affected. […] If the optic nerve becomes inflamed, it causes pain and sudden vision loss. […] Blindness caused by a trauma or eye injury occurs far less often than blindness caused by eye diseases. […] Its a rare side effect, but certain drugs, such as Viagra, Cialis and Levitra, can cause sudden vision loss.

• #38 Glaucoma Can Cause Blindness With Little Warning

  https://medicine.iu.edu/news/2010/01/glaucoma-can-cause-blindness-with-little-warning

  Guilford was soon diagnosed with glaucoma and had already lost vision in his right eye because of the disease. […] Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States, is often called the sneak thief of sight because it can occur without warning signs or symptoms, Cantor said. […] Individuals may experience some vision loss before they realize they have a problem and often that lost sight cannot be restored. […] Blindness is a result if the disease is left untreated, Cantor said. […] Once vision loss from glaucoma is noticeable or measurable, the disease is often in advanced stages. […] Damage to the nerve can be prevented with medications such as eye drops, laser treatment or surgery, but it cannot be reversed and sight cannot be restored, Cantor said. […] Early detection is the best defense against glaucoma, Cantor said. Treatment can stall the progression of glaucoma, but it won’t cure it or restore lost vision. […] Guilford said it’s important for young people to have eye exams at a young age to check for the disease. We need to make sure the young people are being tested and checked, and be able to control it and take care of it. It is a silent disease it sneaks in and boom, you’re blind.

• #39 Experiencing Vision Loss? Here Are the 4 Main Causes of Blindness | Ochsner Health

  https://blog.ochsner.org/articles/experiencing-vision-loss-here-are-the-4-main-causes-of-blindness

  More than 4.2 million Americans aged 40-years and older are either legally blind or experience impaired vision. There are four main causes of blindness: glaucoma, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. […] Closed-angle glaucoma can appear suddenly and is painful. Visual loss can progress quickly, but the pain and discomfort often lead patients to seek medical attention before permanent damage occurs. […] A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye. […] As cataracts grow, they can cause damage in your vision. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that primarily affects the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. […] Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes, and is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] Early diagnosis and timely treatment can reduce the risk of vision loss.

• #40 Understanding the Leading Causes of Blindness  | Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences

  https://ophthalmology.wustl.edu/understanding-the-leading-causes-of-blindness/

  Blindness refers to the complete loss of vision. […] According to the World Health Organization, globally, at least 2.2 billion people have a near or distance vision impairment. […] There are several conditions that can lead to blindness or significant vision loss. Some of the most common causes include: […] Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among people aged 65 and older. […] Glaucoma is another common cause of vision loss and is a condition that damages the optic nerve, often associated with high pressure inside the eye. […] Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in adults between the ages of 25 and 64. […] While not a direct cause of blindness, uncorrected refractive errors such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are a major contributor to visual impairment. […] Approximately 80% of all visual impairments worldwide are preventable or treatable with timely medical care.

• #41 Causes of Vision Loss – Centre for Eye Health

  https://www.centreforeyehealth.com.au/clinical-services/causes-of-vision-loss/

  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative condition that affects the macula the area of the retina where the image of what you are directly looking at is formed. This is the area responsible for fine detailed vision, required for activities such as driving, reading and distinguishing colour. AMD can cause partial vision loss or complete loss of central vision while peripheral vision generally remains intact. […] Early diagnosis and timely intervention are vital to preserving vision in AMD and at CFEH we have the imaging technology and expertise to detect the most subtle of changes prognostic of significant vision loss. […] Glaucoma is an eye condition involving progressive damage to the optic nerve the nerve that takes all visual information from the eye back to the brain for processing. This condition is relatively common in the general population, and incidence increases with age. One in 15 people over the age of 70 will be affected by glaucoma.

• #42 6 Common Causes of Blindness (Vision Impairment)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness

  Blindness is usually caused by age-related conditions such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, or cataracts, but other rare conditions can also cause it in people of all ages. […] Risk factors for AMD include smoking or having a family history of the disease. White people may also be at a higher risk than other ethnicities. […] About half of all people with glaucoma don’t know they have it because it progresses very slowly. It first damages your side (peripheral) vision and can eventually cause blindness. […] Risk factors for cataracts include: aging, smoking (if you smoke), alcohol (if you drink), prolonged exposure to sunlight, diabetes. […] People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, including those with type 1 and type 2 or who are pregnant (gestational diabetes).

• #43 Common Causes of Vision Loss in Elderly Patients | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0701/p99.html

  Vision loss among the elderly is a major health care problem. Approximately one person in three has some form of vision-reducing eye disease by the age of 65. The most common causes of vision loss among the elderly are age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract and diabetic retinopathy. […] This article reviews the four most common causes of vision impairment in the elderly: age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract and diabetic retinopathy. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of loss of vision in people over 65 years of age. AMD is characterized by degeneration of the macula, the area of the retina responsible for central vision. […] Risk factors for AMD include advancing age, family history of AMD and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and cigarette smoking.

• #44 What are the Main Causes of Blindness? | Blog | IBVI

  https://ibvi.org/blog/what-are-the-main-causes-of-blindness/

  Did you know that the leading causes of blindness and low vision in the United States are primarily age-related eye diseases? […] It is estimated that by 2030, roughly 6.6 million Americans over the age of 40 will experience blindness or loss of vision. […] Commonly referred to as AMD, age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of impairment of reading and close-up vision among people over 65. […] AMD results in damage to ones central vision, which is needed for common daily tasks such as reading and driving. […] According to estimates, 1.8 million Americans aged 40 years and older are affected by AMD and an additional 7.3 million are at substantial risk of developing AMD. […] If glaucoma is caught and treated early, many people can protect against serious vision loss.

• #45 What are the 7 causes of blindness? | PVRI

  https://www.pvri.org/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness/

  Do you know the leading cause of blindness or low vision is age-related diseases? […] Blindness is one of the most debilitating conditions a person can suffer from. It not only robs them of their sight but also their independence and ability to lead a normal life. […] While there are many causes of blindness, ranging from genetic disorders to accidents, lets explore a few common ones. […] One of the most common causes of blindness is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which impacts around 11 million people in the USA. […] Glaucoma is another leading cause of blindness and is caused by an increase in pressure in the eye. […] A cataract is a clouding of the eyes lens, which can affect your vision. […] Trachoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. […] Diabetic retinopathy is a debilitating eye condition that can lead to blindness.

• #46 Global Causes of Preventable Blindness and Vision Impairment

  https://eyerounds.org/tutorials/global-blindness/index.htm

  Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness (second leading cause of overall blindness) and fourth leading cause of MSVI worldwide. There are an estimated 76 million individuals worldwide affected by glaucoma and nearly 3.8 million were blind as result of the disease in 2020. […] A total of 170 million individuals are affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) globally. The prevalence in the United States alone is estimated to be 11 million, accounting for $4.6 billion in direct annual healthcare costs. In 2020, an estimated 1.8 million patients went blind from AMD. […] While the age-adjusted prevalence of other causes of blindness and MSVI (e.g., refractive error, cataract, glaucoma, and AMD) have decreased, the global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has increased over the last 30 years, particularly in southern sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, and North America. It is estimated that over 100 million individuals worldwide were affected with DR in 2020, and this number is projected to increase to 160 million by 2045.

• #47 Causes of Vision Loss – The Sight Center of Northwest Ohio

  https://sightcentertoledo.org/eyeconditions/causes-of-vision-loss/

  The leading causes of vision loss or blindness include: […] Glaucoma a disease that causes gradual damage to the optic nerve, the nerve that carries visual information from the eye to the brain. […] Macular degeneration a condition that affects the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision and is a leading cause of permanent central vision loss in people over 65. […] Cataracts a clouding of the eyes naturally clear lens. This most likely results with advancing age. […] Diabetic retinopathy a complication of diabetes where retinal blood vessels break down, leak or become blocked, impairing vision over time. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults, ages 20-74 years, in the U.S.

• #48 Common Eye Diseases and Causes of Vision Loss – Massachusetts Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired

  https://www.mabvi.org/common-eye-diseases-and-causes-of-vision-loss/

  Amblyopia (or lazy eye) is the most common cause of vision loss among children. […] Cataract is a clouding of the eyes lens and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. […] An estimated 20.5 million (17.2%) Americans aged 40 years and older have cataract in one or both eyes, and 6.1 million (5.1%) have had their lens removed operatively. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. […] Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] It is the leading cause of blindness among U.S. working-aged adults aged 20-74 years.

• #49 About Common Eye Disorders and Diseases | Vision and Eye Health | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/about-eye-disorders/index.html

  Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] The leading causes of blindness and low vision in the United States are primarily age-related eye diseases. […] Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. […] Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision impairment in children. […] Amblyopia is the most common cause of permanent one-eye vision impairment among children and young and middle-aged adults.

• #50 Top Causes of Blindness and Vision Loss: Know the Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.netralayam.com/blog/top-causes-of-blindness-and-vision-loss

  Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision loss. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, causing them to leak and swell. […] Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, leading to blurry vision. The primary causes of refractive errors are genetics, aging, and eye injuries. […] Corneal diseases affect the clear front surface of the eye, leading to vision loss and blindness. Causes of corneal diseases include infections, injuries, and genetic disorders. […] Eye infections and inflammations can lead to vision loss and blindness if left untreated. Common types of eye infections and inflammations include conjunctivitis, uveitis, and endophthalmitis. Causes of eye infections and inflammations include bacteria, viruses, allergies, and autoimmune disorders.

• #51 Vision loss: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/vision-loss

  Vision loss refers to either complete or partial loss of vision. Depending on the cause, vision loss may occur suddenly or gradually and in one or both eyes. Some types of vision loss are temporary or reversible. […] There are many possible causes of partial or complete vision loss, including medical conditions, injuries, migraine, and aging. […] Sudden vision loss occurs over a period of a few seconds or minutes to a few days and can be caused by a variety of conditions. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that can impact a persons central vision. […] AMD is a leading cause of vision loss for people age 50 and older. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the optic nerve, which is located in the back of a persons eye. […] Without treatment, glaucoma can eventually cause blindness, beginning with the peripheral vision. […] Diabetic retinopathy is a condition that causes vision loss and blindness in people with diabetes. […] Vision loss can have many causes. Temporary causes include migraine and conjunctivitis. Medical conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy and AMD, can lead to permanent vision loss.

• #52 6 Common Causes of Blindness (Vision Impairment)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness

  Blindness is usually caused by age-related conditions such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, or cataracts, but other rare conditions can also cause it in people of all ages. […] Risk factors for AMD include smoking or having a family history of the disease. White people may also be at a higher risk than other ethnicities. […] About half of all people with glaucoma don’t know they have it because it progresses very slowly. It first damages your side (peripheral) vision and can eventually cause blindness. […] Risk factors for cataracts include: aging, smoking (if you smoke), alcohol (if you drink), prolonged exposure to sunlight, diabetes. […] People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, including those with type 1 and type 2 or who are pregnant (gestational diabetes).

• #53 6 Common Causes of Blindness (Vision Impairment)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness

  Other common causes of blindness are uncorrected refractive errors and diabetic retinopathy. In fact, uncorrected refractive error is one of the most common causes. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control, age-related eye diseases are the leading causes of blindness. Cataracts are the top cause of blindness worldwide and vision loss in the United States. […] Diabetes is also responsible for 90 percent of blindness in U.S. adults. […] Vision loss is becoming more common in the United States as the population ages. Age plays a significant role in the most common causes of vision loss, such as AMD, glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy.

• #54 Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020

  https://www.smart-optometry.com/eye-health/causes-of-blindness-and-vision-impairment/

  Given that the vast majority of vision impairment and blindness caused by cataract, under corrected refractive error, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma can be avoided with early detection and timely intervention, there is still a significant potential for reducing morbidity associated with these conditions. […] Because cataracts and refractive error can be efficiently cured with surgery and spectacles, the World Health Organization (WHA) classified them as preventable causes of vision impairment. […] Despite the fact that diabetic retinopathy was the least common cause of blindness in 2020 when compared to under corrected refractive error, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, it was the only cause of blindness to show an increase in global age-standardised prevalence between 1990 and 2020. […] Findings from this article show that diabetic retinopathy is still a recognized cause of vision loss.

• #55 Global Causes of Preventable Blindness and Vision Impairment

  https://eyerounds.org/tutorials/global-blindness/index.htm

  Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness (second leading cause of overall blindness) and fourth leading cause of MSVI worldwide. There are an estimated 76 million individuals worldwide affected by glaucoma and nearly 3.8 million were blind as result of the disease in 2020. […] A total of 170 million individuals are affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) globally. The prevalence in the United States alone is estimated to be 11 million, accounting for $4.6 billion in direct annual healthcare costs. In 2020, an estimated 1.8 million patients went blind from AMD. […] While the age-adjusted prevalence of other causes of blindness and MSVI (e.g., refractive error, cataract, glaucoma, and AMD) have decreased, the global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has increased over the last 30 years, particularly in southern sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, and North America. It is estimated that over 100 million individuals worldwide were affected with DR in 2020, and this number is projected to increase to 160 million by 2045.

• #56 What are the 7 causes of blindness? | PVRI

  https://www.pvri.org/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness/

  Uncorrected refractive errors are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. […] Corneal opacity is a condition in which the clear, front surface of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque. […] Now that you know the causes of blindness, take preventive measures to make sure it does not lead to blindness.

• #57 What Are the Leading Causes of Blindness?

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/blindness-low-vision/leading-causes-of-blindness/

  The top causes of blindness and vision impairment worldwide are age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and uncorrected refractive errors. […] Cataracts may lead to blurry vision, light sensitivity (photophobia) and/or double vision (diplopia). […] In such severe cases, cataracts can cause blindness. […] Diabetic retinopathy is the fifth-most-common cause of blindness in the world. […] Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can cause blindness by damaging the optic nerve. […] Glaucoma may not cause any noticeable symptoms in its early stages, so regular eye exams are key for early detection. […] Uncorrected (or undercorrected) refractive error is the third-leading cause of blindness in people aged 50 and older around the world. […] Resulting blindness and vision impairment are typically considered preventable.

• #58 Top Causes of Blindness and Vision Loss: Know the Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.netralayam.com/blog/top-causes-of-blindness-and-vision-loss

  Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision loss. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, causing them to leak and swell. […] Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, leading to blurry vision. The primary causes of refractive errors are genetics, aging, and eye injuries. […] Corneal diseases affect the clear front surface of the eye, leading to vision loss and blindness. Causes of corneal diseases include infections, injuries, and genetic disorders. […] Eye infections and inflammations can lead to vision loss and blindness if left untreated. Common types of eye infections and inflammations include conjunctivitis, uveitis, and endophthalmitis. Causes of eye infections and inflammations include bacteria, viruses, allergies, and autoimmune disorders.

• #59 Top Causes of Blindness and Vision Loss: Know the Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.netralayam.com/blog/top-causes-of-blindness-and-vision-loss

  Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision loss. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, causing them to leak and swell. […] Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, leading to blurry vision. The primary causes of refractive errors are genetics, aging, and eye injuries. […] Corneal diseases affect the clear front surface of the eye, leading to vision loss and blindness. Causes of corneal diseases include infections, injuries, and genetic disorders. […] Eye infections and inflammations can lead to vision loss and blindness if left untreated. Common types of eye infections and inflammations include conjunctivitis, uveitis, and endophthalmitis. Causes of eye infections and inflammations include bacteria, viruses, allergies, and autoimmune disorders.

• #60 Global Causes of Preventable Blindness and Vision Impairment

  https://eyerounds.org/tutorials/global-blindness/index.htm

  With increasing life expectancy, many countries are seeing an increase in their average population age and a shift in disease burden towards acquired and age-related conditions. The growing and aging of populations has led to an increasing number of individuals with moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness. Many of the prevalent causes of vision loss are preventable or treatable. […] Uncorrected refractive errors (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia) are important contributors to MSVI as they can be easily corrected by spectacles, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. Uncorrected refractive errors in patients aged 50 and older were responsible for approximately 86 million cases of MSVI in 2020. […] Cataracts are the largest contributor to blindness in adults aged 50 years and older. According to the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), there were an estimated 10.8 million individuals blind from cataracts in 2010. In 2020, there were over 15 million individuals affected, accounting for approximately 45% of global blindness.

• #61 Global Causes of Preventable Blindness and Vision Impairment

  https://eyerounds.org/tutorials/global-blindness/index.htm

  With increasing life expectancy, many countries are seeing an increase in their average population age and a shift in disease burden towards acquired and age-related conditions. The growing and aging of populations has led to an increasing number of individuals with moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness. Many of the prevalent causes of vision loss are preventable or treatable. […] Uncorrected refractive errors (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia) are important contributors to MSVI as they can be easily corrected by spectacles, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. Uncorrected refractive errors in patients aged 50 and older were responsible for approximately 86 million cases of MSVI in 2020. […] Cataracts are the largest contributor to blindness in adults aged 50 years and older. According to the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), there were an estimated 10.8 million individuals blind from cataracts in 2010. In 2020, there were over 15 million individuals affected, accounting for approximately 45% of global blindness.

• #62 What are the 7 causes of blindness? | PVRI

  https://www.pvri.org/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness/

  Uncorrected refractive errors are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. […] Corneal opacity is a condition in which the clear, front surface of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque. […] Now that you know the causes of blindness, take preventive measures to make sure it does not lead to blindness.

• #63 What are the 7 causes of blindness? | PVRI

  https://www.pvri.org/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness/

  Uncorrected refractive errors are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. […] Corneal opacity is a condition in which the clear, front surface of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque. […] Now that you know the causes of blindness, take preventive measures to make sure it does not lead to blindness.

• #64 Leading Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment-EnableMe

  https://www.enableme.ke/en/disabilities/blindness-and-vision-impairment-1684

  Uncorrected Refractive Errors are one of the leading causes of blindness and occur when refractive errors are uncorrected on time. […] Glaucoma occurs when fluid builds up and damages the optic nerve connecting eye muscles to the brain. […] A cataract is a clouding in the eye’s lens, leading to decreased vision. […] Retinopathy is a diabetes complication that affects the eyes, and it occurs when poorly controlled blood sugar damages the tissue at the back of the eye. […] Age-related macular degeneration is an eye disease that occurs when the small central portion of your retina, called the macula, wears down and loses function. […] Trachoma is a bacterial infection caused by Bacterium Chlamydia Trachomatis and affects the eyes. According to WHO, Trachoma is the worlds leading cause of preventable blindness of infectious nature.

• #65 Leading Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment-EnableMe

  https://www.enableme.ke/en/disabilities/blindness-and-vision-impairment-1684

  Uncorrected Refractive Errors are one of the leading causes of blindness and occur when refractive errors are uncorrected on time. […] Glaucoma occurs when fluid builds up and damages the optic nerve connecting eye muscles to the brain. […] A cataract is a clouding in the eye’s lens, leading to decreased vision. […] Retinopathy is a diabetes complication that affects the eyes, and it occurs when poorly controlled blood sugar damages the tissue at the back of the eye. […] Age-related macular degeneration is an eye disease that occurs when the small central portion of your retina, called the macula, wears down and loses function. […] Trachoma is a bacterial infection caused by Bacterium Chlamydia Trachomatis and affects the eyes. According to WHO, Trachoma is the worlds leading cause of preventable blindness of infectious nature.

• #66 Leading Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment-EnableMe

  https://www.enableme.ke/en/disabilities/blindness-and-vision-impairment-1684

  The infection causes the inner surface of the eyelids to be rough. […] The WHO estimates that at least half of all vision impairment cases are preventable. […] Visual impairments tend to progress fast due to the sensitive nature of the eye. […] Rehabilitation is helpful for people with irreversible visual impairment such as advanced trachoma and age-related macular degeneration. […] The main recommendation of the report is for states to adopt integrated people-centred eye care (IPEC) in addressing visual impairments.

• #67 Blindness: Types, Causes, Diagnosis & Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/blindness/article.htm

  In third-world nations where 90% of the world’s visually impaired population lives, the principal causes of blindness are infections, cataracts, glaucoma, injury, and inability to obtain any glasses. […] The most common infectious cause of blindness in developed nations is herpes simplex. […] Other causes of blindness include: Vitamin A deficiency, Retinopathy of prematurity, Blood vessel diseases involving the retina or optic nerve include: Stroke, infectious diseases of the cornea or retina, Ocular inflammatory disease, Retinitis pigmentosa, Primary or secondary malignancies of the eye, congenital abnormalities, hereditary diseases of the eye, Chemical poisoning from toxic agents such as methanol. […] A principal risk factor for blindness is living in a third-world nation without ready access to modern medical care.

• #68 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-visual-impairment.aspx

  There are many causes that may lead to loss of vision or lead to impairment of vision. […] Common causes that lead to vision loss or visual impairment include injury to the eye, inherited conditions, infections and so forth. […] Injury to the eyes while playing or at work or due to accidents may result in vision loss and impairment. […] Particularly injuries to the cornea are the commonest cause of vision loss. […] Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common cause of inherited blindness. […] Sometimes if the mother has had a viral infection like German measles that is transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus during pregnancy the baby may be born with blindness or visual impairment. […] Trachoma of the eyes caused by contagious microorganism called Chlamydia trachomatis may also damage eye sight.

• #69 Uveitis / Infectious Diseases – Research to Prevent Blindness

  https://www.rpbusa.org/rpb/resources-and-advocacy/resources/rpb-vision-resources/infectious-diseases/

  Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eyeball, which includes the iris, ciliary body and choroid. […] Although uveitis can be caused by any number of infectious diseases of the eye, certain autoimmune diseases, reactions to some medications taken for other conditions, or exposure to toxins, about 50 percent of cases have no known cause. […] What is known is that uveitis is responsible for about 10 percent of all cases of blindness in the U.S. […] Serious complications sometimes include cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, or vision loss. […] See a global atlas of countries most affected by trachoma – the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness. In poor countries, the most common infectious cause of preventable blindness is trachoma. It is responsible for over eight million cases of visual impairment or blindness. […] In 1996, RPB-supported researchers discovered that a single dose antibiotic treats trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide.

• #70 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  The most common causes of blindness worldwide in 2010 were: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. […] Cataracts are the leading cause of child and adult blindness that doubles in prevalence with every ten years after the age of 40. […] Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve. […] Childhood blindness can be caused by conditions related to pregnancy, such as congenital rubella syndrome and retinopathy of prematurity. […] Eye injuries, most often occurring in people under 30, are the leading cause of monocular blindness throughout the United States.

• #71 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  The most common causes of blindness worldwide in 2010 were: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. […] Cataracts are the leading cause of child and adult blindness that doubles in prevalence with every ten years after the age of 40. […] Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve. […] Childhood blindness can be caused by conditions related to pregnancy, such as congenital rubella syndrome and retinopathy of prematurity. […] Eye injuries, most often occurring in people under 30, are the leading cause of monocular blindness throughout the United States.

• #72 Blindness and vision loss – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/blindness-and-vision-loss

  Blindness is a lack of vision. It may also refer to a loss of vision that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. […] Vision loss refers to the partial or complete loss of vision. This vision loss may happen suddenly or over a period of time. […] Vision loss has many causes. In the United States, the leading causes are: Accidents or injuries to the surface of the eye (chemical burns or sports injuries), Diabetes, Glaucoma, Macular degeneration. […] Other causes of vision loss include: Blocked blood vessels to the retina, Complications of premature birth (retrolental fibroplasia), Complications of eye surgery, Lazy eye, Optic neuritis, Stroke, Retinitis pigmentosa, Tumors, such as retinoblastoma and optic nerve glioma. […] Total blindness (no light perception) is often due to: Severe trauma or injury, Complete retinal detachment, End-stage glaucoma, End stage diabetic retinopathy, Severe internal eye infection (endophthalmitis), Vascular occlusion (stroke in the eye).

• #73 Exploring The Leading Causes of Blindness

  https://www.ophthalmology24.com/leading-causes-of-blindness

  As diabetes continues to rise globally, diabetic retinopathy has become a prominent cause of visual impairment among working-age adults in both developed and developing countries. […] Corneal diseases are also a part of the leading causes of blindness in regions with limited access to eye care and medical resources. […] Retinal detachment can affect individuals of all ages and is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. […] Trachoma is primarily prevalent in economically deprived regions and densely populated communities. […] Some individuals are born blind or with severe visual impairment due to congenital conditions. The leading causes of blindness from birth are usually genetic factors, developmental abnormalities, or prenatal infections. […] Eye injuries stand as significant contributors to the incidence of blindness globally.

• #74 Loss of vision DDx • LITFL • CCC Differential Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/loss-of-vision/

  Painless acute persistent loss of vision: central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), retinal detachment or hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, optic or retrobulbar neuritis, internal carotid artery occlusion. […] Painful acute loss of vision: acute glaucoma, endophalmitis, uveitis, keratoconus (vision can deteriorate rapidly and is associated with photophobia). […] Nontraumatic causes of acute binocular loss of vision include: transient migraine, vertebrobasilar insufficiency (transient). […] Prolonged causes include: Stroke, poisons/ toxic optic neuropathy (e.g. methanol, quinine, ethambutol, ergot alkaloids, salicylates), posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES), optic or retrobulbar neuritis, hysteria, malingering. […] Post-traumatic causes of loss of vision include: lid injury, orbital blow-out fracture, corneal abrasion, irregularity or laceration, hyphema, traumatic mydriasis, traumatic iritis, ruptured globe, traumatic cataract, lens dislocation, commotio retinae, retinal detachment, retinal or vitreous hemorrhage, intra-ocular foreign body, traumatic optic neuropathy or optic nerve avulsion, CNS injury.

• #75 Blindness and vision loss – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/blindness-and-vision-loss

  Blindness is a lack of vision. It may also refer to a loss of vision that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. […] Vision loss refers to the partial or complete loss of vision. This vision loss may happen suddenly or over a period of time. […] Vision loss has many causes. In the United States, the leading causes are: Accidents or injuries to the surface of the eye (chemical burns or sports injuries), Diabetes, Glaucoma, Macular degeneration. […] Other causes of vision loss include: Blocked blood vessels to the retina, Complications of premature birth (retrolental fibroplasia), Complications of eye surgery, Lazy eye, Optic neuritis, Stroke, Retinitis pigmentosa, Tumors, such as retinoblastoma and optic nerve glioma. […] Total blindness (no light perception) is often due to: Severe trauma or injury, Complete retinal detachment, End-stage glaucoma, End stage diabetic retinopathy, Severe internal eye infection (endophthalmitis), Vascular occlusion (stroke in the eye).

• #76 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  Low vision, visual impairment, and blindness are broad terms encompassing a range of conditions affecting an individual’s ability to see and function in daily life. […] The leading causes of blindness globally are cataracts, glaucoma, uncorrected refractive errors, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. […] There can be many different causes of blindness. The leading causes of blindness worldwide are cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and trachoma. […] The most common causes of blindness are: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] In developed countries, the major causes of blindness are: Trauma, Glaucoma, Diabetic retinopathy, Vascular occlusions, Cataract, Age-related macular degeneration.

• #77 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  Visual impairment is the partial or total inability of visual perception. […] The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). […] Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness. […] Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. […] Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, premature birth, or trauma, among others. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of visual impairment is either preventable or curable with treatment. […] The most common causes of visual impairment globally in 2010 were: Refractive error (42%), Cataract (33%), Glaucoma (2%), Age-related macular degeneration (1%), Corneal opacification (1%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Childhood blindness, Trachoma (1%), Undetermined (18%).

• #78 What are blindness and its causes and Type

  https://www.openaccessjournals.com/articles/what-are-blindness-and-its-causes-and-type-15485.html

  Blindness is rigorously defined as the state of being eyeless in both eyes. A fully eyeless existent is unfit to see at all. The word blindness, still, is generally used as a relative term to signify visual impairment, or low vision, meaning that indeed with eyeglasses, contact lenses, drug, or surgery, a person doesnt see well. Vision impairment can range from mild to severe. […] Vision problems can develop before a baby is born. occasionally, corridor of the eyes do not form the way they should. A sprats eyes might look fine, but the brain has trouble recycling the information they shoot. […] Blindness can be inheritable( or inherited), which means that this problem gets passed down to a sprat from parents through genes. […] Blindness also can be caused by an accident, if commodity hurts the eye.

• #79 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  The most common causes of blindness worldwide in 2010 were: Cataracts (51%), Glaucoma (8%), Age-related macular degeneration (5%), Corneal opacification (4%), Childhood blindness (4%), Refractive errors (3%), Trachoma (3%), Diabetic retinopathy (1%), Undetermined (21%). […] Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. […] Cataracts are the leading cause of child and adult blindness that doubles in prevalence with every ten years after the age of 40. […] Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve. […] Childhood blindness can be caused by conditions related to pregnancy, such as congenital rubella syndrome and retinopathy of prematurity. […] Eye injuries, most often occurring in people under 30, are the leading cause of monocular blindness throughout the United States.

• #80 Common Eye Diseases and Causes of Vision Loss – Massachusetts Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired

  https://www.mabvi.org/common-eye-diseases-and-causes-of-vision-loss/

  Amblyopia (or lazy eye) is the most common cause of vision loss among children. […] Cataract is a clouding of the eyes lens and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. […] An estimated 20.5 million (17.2%) Americans aged 40 years and older have cataract in one or both eyes, and 6.1 million (5.1%) have had their lens removed operatively. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. […] Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] It is the leading cause of blindness among U.S. working-aged adults aged 20-74 years.

• #81 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-visual-impairment.aspx

  This is basically impaired vision in one eye due to lack of its use in early childhood. […] This stops development of the weaker eye leading to amblyopia in that eye. […] Cataracts prevent light from easily passing through the lens, and this causes loss of vision. […] Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world (47.8%) compared to other eye disorders. […] Diabetes affects the small blood vessels in the retina. When damaged this leads to impairment of vision. […] This is the commonest cause of blindness and visual impairment in the United States. […] This condition results due to raised pressure within the eyes. The increased pressure impairs vision by damaging the optic nerve. […] Age related Macular degeneration or AMD that is a progressive loss of the visual acuity due to damage to the macula that is the most sensitive part of the retina. […] This is usually caused by viral infections of the eyes called Cytomegalovirus or CMV retinitis. […] Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer of children.

• #82 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  In children, the major causes of blindness are: Xerophthalmia, Congenital glaucoma, Congenital cataract, Optic atrophy, Trauma, Amblyopia, Refractive errors, Trachoma. […] Estimates are that approximately 90% of the visually impaired population lives in developing countries or low-income circumstances. About 80% of all visual impairments worldwide can be prevented, treated, or cured with proper eye care.

• #83 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  In children, the major causes of blindness are: Xerophthalmia, Congenital glaucoma, Congenital cataract, Optic atrophy, Trauma, Amblyopia, Refractive errors, Trachoma. […] Estimates are that approximately 90% of the visually impaired population lives in developing countries or low-income circumstances. About 80% of all visual impairments worldwide can be prevented, treated, or cured with proper eye care.

• #84 Blindness: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/blindness

  Blindness is a potential complication if you have diabetes or have a stroke. Other common causes of blindness include: issues during fetal development, eye injuries, complications from eye surgery. […] The following conditions can cause blindness in infants: cataracts, amblyopia (lazy eye), strabismus (crossed eyes) if there is also amblyopia, ptosis (droopy eyelid) if there is also amblyopia, though this is rare, glaucoma at birth, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which occurs in premature babies when the blood vessels that supply their retina aren’t fully developed. […] The following can increase the risk of blindness: eye diseases, such as macular degeneration and glaucoma, diabetes, stroke, working with or near sharp objects or toxic chemicals, premature birth. […] Treatment that is preventive and sought immediately improves a person’s long-term outlook for restoring impaired vision and slowing blindness. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are also important in cases of glaucoma and macular degeneration to help slow or stop blindness.

• #85 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  In children, the major causes of blindness are: Xerophthalmia, Congenital glaucoma, Congenital cataract, Optic atrophy, Trauma, Amblyopia, Refractive errors, Trachoma. […] Estimates are that approximately 90% of the visually impaired population lives in developing countries or low-income circumstances. About 80% of all visual impairments worldwide can be prevented, treated, or cured with proper eye care.

• #86 Blindness: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/blindness

  Blindness is a potential complication if you have diabetes or have a stroke. Other common causes of blindness include: issues during fetal development, eye injuries, complications from eye surgery. […] The following conditions can cause blindness in infants: cataracts, amblyopia (lazy eye), strabismus (crossed eyes) if there is also amblyopia, ptosis (droopy eyelid) if there is also amblyopia, though this is rare, glaucoma at birth, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which occurs in premature babies when the blood vessels that supply their retina aren’t fully developed. […] The following can increase the risk of blindness: eye diseases, such as macular degeneration and glaucoma, diabetes, stroke, working with or near sharp objects or toxic chemicals, premature birth. […] Treatment that is preventive and sought immediately improves a person’s long-term outlook for restoring impaired vision and slowing blindness. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are also important in cases of glaucoma and macular degeneration to help slow or stop blindness.

• #87 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-visual-impairment.aspx

  There are many causes that may lead to loss of vision or lead to impairment of vision. […] Common causes that lead to vision loss or visual impairment include injury to the eye, inherited conditions, infections and so forth. […] Injury to the eyes while playing or at work or due to accidents may result in vision loss and impairment. […] Particularly injuries to the cornea are the commonest cause of vision loss. […] Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common cause of inherited blindness. […] Sometimes if the mother has had a viral infection like German measles that is transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus during pregnancy the baby may be born with blindness or visual impairment. […] Trachoma of the eyes caused by contagious microorganism called Chlamydia trachomatis may also damage eye sight.

• #88 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  In children, the major causes of blindness are: Xerophthalmia, Congenital glaucoma, Congenital cataract, Optic atrophy, Trauma, Amblyopia, Refractive errors, Trachoma. […] Estimates are that approximately 90% of the visually impaired population lives in developing countries or low-income circumstances. About 80% of all visual impairments worldwide can be prevented, treated, or cured with proper eye care.

• #89 What are blindness and its causes and Type

  https://www.openaccessjournals.com/articles/what-are-blindness-and-its-causes-and-type-15485.html

  Blindness is rigorously defined as the state of being eyeless in both eyes. A fully eyeless existent is unfit to see at all. The word blindness, still, is generally used as a relative term to signify visual impairment, or low vision, meaning that indeed with eyeglasses, contact lenses, drug, or surgery, a person doesnt see well. Vision impairment can range from mild to severe. […] Vision problems can develop before a baby is born. occasionally, corridor of the eyes do not form the way they should. A sprats eyes might look fine, but the brain has trouble recycling the information they shoot. […] Blindness can be inheritable( or inherited), which means that this problem gets passed down to a sprat from parents through genes. […] Blindness also can be caused by an accident, if commodity hurts the eye.

• #90 What are blindness and its causes and Type

  https://www.openaccessjournals.com/articles/what-are-blindness-and-its-causes-and-type-15485.html

  Blindness is rigorously defined as the state of being eyeless in both eyes. A fully eyeless existent is unfit to see at all. The word blindness, still, is generally used as a relative term to signify visual impairment, or low vision, meaning that indeed with eyeglasses, contact lenses, drug, or surgery, a person doesnt see well. Vision impairment can range from mild to severe. […] Vision problems can develop before a baby is born. occasionally, corridor of the eyes do not form the way they should. A sprats eyes might look fine, but the brain has trouble recycling the information they shoot. […] Blindness can be inheritable( or inherited), which means that this problem gets passed down to a sprat from parents through genes. […] Blindness also can be caused by an accident, if commodity hurts the eye.

• #91 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-visual-impairment.aspx

  There are many causes that may lead to loss of vision or lead to impairment of vision. […] Common causes that lead to vision loss or visual impairment include injury to the eye, inherited conditions, infections and so forth. […] Injury to the eyes while playing or at work or due to accidents may result in vision loss and impairment. […] Particularly injuries to the cornea are the commonest cause of vision loss. […] Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common cause of inherited blindness. […] Sometimes if the mother has had a viral infection like German measles that is transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus during pregnancy the baby may be born with blindness or visual impairment. […] Trachoma of the eyes caused by contagious microorganism called Chlamydia trachomatis may also damage eye sight.

• #92 Eye Conditions | American Foundation for the Blind

  https://afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision/eye-conditions

  Thyroid eye disease is an inflammatory condition closely associated with Graves’ disease. […] Inherited condition that causes partial or total hearing loss accompanied by gradual vision loss resulting from retinitis pigmentosa. […] Inflammation inside the eye, affecting the structures that provide most of the blood supply to the retina.

• #93 Visual impairment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

  People with albinism often have vision loss to the extent that many are legally blind. […] Diabetic retinopathy describes the retinal and vitreous hemorrhages or retinal capillary blockage caused by the increase of A1C. […] Amblyopia is the world’s leading cause of child monocular vision loss, which is the damage or loss of vision in one eye.

• #94 Eye Conditions | American Foundation for the Blind

  https://afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision/eye-conditions

  Achromatopsia is a rare, inherited vision disorder in which a person has little or no ability to see color. People with achromatopsia also commonly experience some vision loss, especially in bright light, to which they are extremely sensitive. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that can blur your central vision. It happens when aging causes damage to the macula the part of the eye that controls sharp, straight-ahead vision. […] People with albinism may have pale pink skin and blond to white hair, but there are different types of albinism, and the amount of pigment varies. […] A person with amblyopia experiences blurred vision in the affected eye. […] Partial or complete absence of the iris of the eye results in impaired vision and sensitivity to light. […] Rare condition in which one or both eyes do not form during pregnancy. When both eyes are affected, blindness results.

• #95 Causes of Vision Loss | The Outreach Center for Deafness and Blindness

  https://deafandblindoutreach.org/causes-of-vision-loss

  The most common causes of vision loss globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). […] Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. […] Vision loss can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, prematurity, or trauma among others. These cases are known as cortical visual impairment. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of vision problems are either preventable or curable with treatment. This includes cataracts, trachoma, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, uncorrected refractive errors, and some cases of childhood blindness.

• #96 8 Causes of Peripheral Vision Loss – LASIK Eye Surgery Grand Junction | Cataracts Grand Junction CO | ICON

  https://grandjunctioneyecare.com/eye-care-blog/8-causes-of-peripheral-vision-loss/

  At ICON Eyecare Grand Junction, we treat several serious eye conditions, including peripheral vision loss. There are many potential causes for PVL, also referred to as tunnel vision. […] Some causes are underlying medical conditions such as migraines while others cause PVL to come on suddenly due to injury or illness. […] Here are some causes of tunnel vision. […] A detached retina can cause sudden peripheral vision loss. […] When pressure builds up in the eye, you could develop a condition called glaucoma. The symptoms of glaucoma include loss of peripheral vision. […] Pigmentosa is an inherited disease that develops gradually. Peripheral vision loss or central vision loss occurs as the retina deteriorates. […] Retinal damage can cause blind spots or scotoma. […] Along with other damage, a stroke can cause permanent tunnel vision on the impacted side of your body.

• #97 Blindness: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/blindness

  Blindness is the inability to see anything, including light. […] The following eye conditions can cause blindness: Glaucoma: refers to different eye conditions that can damage your optic nerve, which carries visual information from your eyes to your brain […] Macular degeneration: destroys the part of your eye that enables you to see detail and typically affects older adults […] Cataracts: more common in older adults and can cause cloudy vision […] Amblyopia: can make it difficult to see details and may lead to vision loss; also known as lazy eye […] Optic neuritis: optic nerve inflammation that can cause temporary or permanent vision loss […] Retinitis pigmentosa: retina damage that leads to blindness only in rare cases […] Tumors: growths that can affect the retina or optic nerve and cause blindness.

• #98

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms/vision-loss-central

  Central vision loss is the loss of detail vision, resulting in having only side vision remaining. […] Vision Loss, Central may be associated with: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Choroidal Neovascular Membranes, Coloboma, Cytomegalovirus Retinitis, Diabetic Eye Disease, Diabetic Retinopathy, Geographic Atrophy, Histoplasmosis, HIV/AIDS, Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, Juvenile Macular Dystrophy, Low Vision, Macular Edema, Macular Hole, Macular Pucker, Macular Telangiectasia, Pigment Dispersion Syndrome, Retinal Artery Occlusion, Stargardt Disease. […] In many cases, blindness and vision loss are preventable.

• #99 Blindness: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/blindness

  Blindness is the inability to see anything, including light. […] The following eye conditions can cause blindness: Glaucoma: refers to different eye conditions that can damage your optic nerve, which carries visual information from your eyes to your brain […] Macular degeneration: destroys the part of your eye that enables you to see detail and typically affects older adults […] Cataracts: more common in older adults and can cause cloudy vision […] Amblyopia: can make it difficult to see details and may lead to vision loss; also known as lazy eye […] Optic neuritis: optic nerve inflammation that can cause temporary or permanent vision loss […] Retinitis pigmentosa: retina damage that leads to blindness only in rare cases […] Tumors: growths that can affect the retina or optic nerve and cause blindness.

• #100 Causes of Temporary Blindness and Short-Term Vision Loss

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/temporary-blindness-short-term-vision-loss

  You can temporarily lose your vision, totally or partially, due to another condition. The possible causes and what you should do depend on whether you can see at all. […] If you have a sudden total, black-out, or near-total vision loss, its an emergency. […] If you have partial vision loss, a migraine is the most likely reason. But there are other, less common, causes that need prompt treatment to save your sight. […] It can happen if a clot creates a blockage in your retinal artery. […] Clots can cause temporary blindness in one eye, usually lasting 20 to 30 minutes. […] A retinal migraine affects only one eye. This rare condition causes partial or total blindness for a short period, usually 10 to 30 minutes. […] Like migraine, this condition can cause temporary vision loss. […] When a blood vessel in your retina tightens, it causes a vasospasm.

• #101 Causes of Temporary Blindness and Short-Term Vision Loss

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/temporary-blindness-short-term-vision-loss

  When your eyes iris bulges, it can prevent fluid from draining properly. […] This disease causes inflammation in the linings of your arteries, particularly those in your head. […] Retinal vein occlusion is when a vein in the retina gets blocked, often due to a blood clot. […] For about 5% to 10% of people with epilepsy, their seizures affect their occipital lobe, the part of the brain that controls vision. […] This is a condition where pressure in the brain causes your optic nerve to swell. […] MS damages nerves, and it can make them more sensitive to heat.

• #102 Sudden Vision Loss – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/symptoms-of-eye-disorders/sudden-vision-loss

  Loss of vision is considered sudden if it develops within a few minutes to a couple of days. […] Sudden loss of vision has 3 general causes: Clouding of normally transparent eye structures, Abnormalities of the retina (the light-sensing structure at the back of the eye), Abnormalities of the nerves that carry visual signals from the eye to the brain (the optic nerve and the visual pathways). […] Anything that blocks the passage of light from the environment to the back of the eye or disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses from the back of the eye to the brain will interfere with vision. […] Blindness can occur under the following circumstances: Light cannot reach the retina, Light rays do not focus on the retina clearly, The retina cannot sense light rays normally, Nerve impulses from the retina are not transmitted to the brain normally, The brain cannot interpret information sent by the eye. […] Most commonly, vision loss among older adults is due to clouding of the lens of the eye (cataracts) or to damage to the optic nerve (as occurs in glaucoma) or the retina (as occurs in age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy).

• #103 Causes of Temporary Blindness and Short-Term Vision Loss

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/temporary-blindness-short-term-vision-loss

  You can temporarily lose your vision, totally or partially, due to another condition. The possible causes and what you should do depend on whether you can see at all. […] If you have a sudden total, black-out, or near-total vision loss, its an emergency. […] If you have partial vision loss, a migraine is the most likely reason. But there are other, less common, causes that need prompt treatment to save your sight. […] It can happen if a clot creates a blockage in your retinal artery. […] Clots can cause temporary blindness in one eye, usually lasting 20 to 30 minutes. […] A retinal migraine affects only one eye. This rare condition causes partial or total blindness for a short period, usually 10 to 30 minutes. […] Like migraine, this condition can cause temporary vision loss. […] When a blood vessel in your retina tightens, it causes a vasospasm.

• #104 Causes of Temporary Blindness and Short-Term Vision Loss

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/temporary-blindness-short-term-vision-loss

  You can temporarily lose your vision, totally or partially, due to another condition. The possible causes and what you should do depend on whether you can see at all. […] If you have a sudden total, black-out, or near-total vision loss, its an emergency. […] If you have partial vision loss, a migraine is the most likely reason. But there are other, less common, causes that need prompt treatment to save your sight. […] It can happen if a clot creates a blockage in your retinal artery. […] Clots can cause temporary blindness in one eye, usually lasting 20 to 30 minutes. […] A retinal migraine affects only one eye. This rare condition causes partial or total blindness for a short period, usually 10 to 30 minutes. […] Like migraine, this condition can cause temporary vision loss. […] When a blood vessel in your retina tightens, it causes a vasospasm.

• #105 Causes of Temporary Blindness and Short-Term Vision Loss

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/temporary-blindness-short-term-vision-loss

  When your eyes iris bulges, it can prevent fluid from draining properly. […] This disease causes inflammation in the linings of your arteries, particularly those in your head. […] Retinal vein occlusion is when a vein in the retina gets blocked, often due to a blood clot. […] For about 5% to 10% of people with epilepsy, their seizures affect their occipital lobe, the part of the brain that controls vision. […] This is a condition where pressure in the brain causes your optic nerve to swell. […] MS damages nerves, and it can make them more sensitive to heat.

• #106 8 Causes of Peripheral Vision Loss – LASIK Eye Surgery Grand Junction | Cataracts Grand Junction CO | ICON

  https://grandjunctioneyecare.com/eye-care-blog/8-causes-of-peripheral-vision-loss/

  At ICON Eyecare Grand Junction, we treat several serious eye conditions, including peripheral vision loss. There are many potential causes for PVL, also referred to as tunnel vision. […] Some causes are underlying medical conditions such as migraines while others cause PVL to come on suddenly due to injury or illness. […] Here are some causes of tunnel vision. […] A detached retina can cause sudden peripheral vision loss. […] When pressure builds up in the eye, you could develop a condition called glaucoma. The symptoms of glaucoma include loss of peripheral vision. […] Pigmentosa is an inherited disease that develops gradually. Peripheral vision loss or central vision loss occurs as the retina deteriorates. […] Retinal damage can cause blind spots or scotoma. […] Along with other damage, a stroke can cause permanent tunnel vision on the impacted side of your body.

• #107 Acute Vision Loss – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/symptoms-of-ophthalmic-disorders/acute-vision-loss

  Loss of vision is usually considered acute if it develops within a few minutes to a couple of days. […] The most common causes of acute loss of vision are vascular occlusions of the retina (central retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion), ischemic optic neuropathy (often in patients with temporal arteritis), vitreous hemorrhage (caused by diabetic retinopathy or trauma), and trauma. […] Less common causes of acute loss of vision include anterior uveitis (a common disorder, but one that usually causes eye pain severe enough to trigger evaluation before vision is lost), aggressive retinitis, and certain medications (eg, methanol, salicylates, ergot alkaloids, quinine). […] Diagnosis of acute vision loss can be begun systematically. Specific patterns of visual field deficit help suggest a cause. […] Other clinical findings also help suggest a cause for acute vision loss. […] Causative disorders are treated. Treatment should usually commence immediately if the cause is treatable.

• #108 Experiencing Vision Loss? Here Are the 4 Main Causes of Blindness | Ochsner Health

  https://blog.ochsner.org/articles/experiencing-vision-loss-here-are-the-4-main-causes-of-blindness

  More than 4.2 million Americans aged 40-years and older are either legally blind or experience impaired vision. There are four main causes of blindness: glaucoma, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. […] Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. […] Closed-angle glaucoma can appear suddenly and is painful. Visual loss can progress quickly, but the pain and discomfort often lead patients to seek medical attention before permanent damage occurs. […] A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye. […] As cataracts grow, they can cause damage in your vision. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that primarily affects the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. […] Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes, and is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. […] Early diagnosis and timely treatment can reduce the risk of vision loss.

• #109 Acute Vision Loss – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/symptoms-of-ophthalmic-disorders/acute-vision-loss

  Loss of vision is usually considered acute if it develops within a few minutes to a couple of days. […] The most common causes of acute loss of vision are vascular occlusions of the retina (central retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion), ischemic optic neuropathy (often in patients with temporal arteritis), vitreous hemorrhage (caused by diabetic retinopathy or trauma), and trauma. […] Less common causes of acute loss of vision include anterior uveitis (a common disorder, but one that usually causes eye pain severe enough to trigger evaluation before vision is lost), aggressive retinitis, and certain medications (eg, methanol, salicylates, ergot alkaloids, quinine). […] Diagnosis of acute vision loss can be begun systematically. Specific patterns of visual field deficit help suggest a cause. […] Other clinical findings also help suggest a cause for acute vision loss. […] Causative disorders are treated. Treatment should usually commence immediately if the cause is treatable.

• #110 What Are the Causes of Blindness and Vision Loss?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/causes-of-blindness/

  One undeniable fact of aging: Were more at risk for a range of eye problems as the years pass. […] The leading causes of blindness macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and cataracts are primarily age-related. […] About 12 million U.S. adults age 40 and over have vision impairment, including 1 million who are blind, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. […] Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is a leading cause of vision loss among Americans over age 50. […] Diabetic retinopathy a complication of diabetes is extremely common: More than 2 in 5 people with diabetes develop diabetic retinopathy, according to the National Institutes of Healths National Eye Institute; older Hispanic people are at especially high risk.

• #111 What Are the Causes of Blindness and Vision Loss?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/causes-of-blindness/

  One undeniable fact of aging: Were more at risk for a range of eye problems as the years pass. […] The leading causes of blindness macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and cataracts are primarily age-related. […] About 12 million U.S. adults age 40 and over have vision impairment, including 1 million who are blind, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. […] Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is a leading cause of vision loss among Americans over age 50. […] Diabetic retinopathy a complication of diabetes is extremely common: More than 2 in 5 people with diabetes develop diabetic retinopathy, according to the National Institutes of Healths National Eye Institute; older Hispanic people are at especially high risk.

• #112 What are blindness and its causes and Type

  https://www.openaccessjournals.com/articles/what-are-blindness-and-its-causes-and-type-15485.html

  Some ails, similar as diabetes, can damage a persons vision over time. Other eye conditions similar as cataracts( say KAH- tuh- rakts), can beget vision problems or blindness, but they generally affect aged people. […] Vision loss has numerous causes. In the United States, the leading causes are Accidents or injuries to the face of the eye( chemical becks or sports injuries), Diabetes, Glaucoma, Macular degeneration. […] Other causes of vision loss include Blocked blood vessels, Complications of unseasonable birth( retrolental fibroplasia), Complications of eye surgery, Lazy eye, Optic neuritis, Stroke, Retinitis pigmentosa, Excrescences, similar as retinoblastoma and optical glioma. […] Theres substantial variation in the causes between and within countries according to the vacuity of eye care services, their affordability, and the eye care knowledge of the population.

• #113 6 Common Causes of Blindness (Vision Impairment)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness

  Blindness is usually caused by age-related conditions such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, or cataracts, but other rare conditions can also cause it in people of all ages. […] Risk factors for AMD include smoking or having a family history of the disease. White people may also be at a higher risk than other ethnicities. […] About half of all people with glaucoma don’t know they have it because it progresses very slowly. It first damages your side (peripheral) vision and can eventually cause blindness. […] Risk factors for cataracts include: aging, smoking (if you smoke), alcohol (if you drink), prolonged exposure to sunlight, diabetes. […] People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, including those with type 1 and type 2 or who are pregnant (gestational diabetes).

• #114 Causes of Temporary Blindness and Short-Term Vision Loss

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/temporary-blindness-short-term-vision-loss

  When your eyes iris bulges, it can prevent fluid from draining properly. […] This disease causes inflammation in the linings of your arteries, particularly those in your head. […] Retinal vein occlusion is when a vein in the retina gets blocked, often due to a blood clot. […] For about 5% to 10% of people with epilepsy, their seizures affect their occipital lobe, the part of the brain that controls vision. […] This is a condition where pressure in the brain causes your optic nerve to swell. […] MS damages nerves, and it can make them more sensitive to heat.

• #115 Top Causes of Blindness and Vision Loss: Know the Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.netralayam.com/blog/top-causes-of-blindness-and-vision-loss

  Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision loss. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, causing them to leak and swell. […] Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, leading to blurry vision. The primary causes of refractive errors are genetics, aging, and eye injuries. […] Corneal diseases affect the clear front surface of the eye, leading to vision loss and blindness. Causes of corneal diseases include infections, injuries, and genetic disorders. […] Eye infections and inflammations can lead to vision loss and blindness if left untreated. Common types of eye infections and inflammations include conjunctivitis, uveitis, and endophthalmitis. Causes of eye infections and inflammations include bacteria, viruses, allergies, and autoimmune disorders.

• #116 Blindness (Vision Impairment): Types, Causes and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24446-blindness

  Blindness can result from infections, accidents, genetic conditions and other diseases. […] There are many causes of blindness, including injuries, infections and medical conditions. […] Many infectious diseases can lead to vision loss and sometimes blindness. […] Many non-infectious diseases can cause blindness, but some in only the most severe stages of the disease. […] A poor diet can cause vision loss. Vitamin A deficiency is one cause, but you also need B vitamins and other minerals and vitamins for healthy vision.

• #117 Blindness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/

  In children, the major causes of blindness are: Xerophthalmia, Congenital glaucoma, Congenital cataract, Optic atrophy, Trauma, Amblyopia, Refractive errors, Trachoma. […] Estimates are that approximately 90% of the visually impaired population lives in developing countries or low-income circumstances. About 80% of all visual impairments worldwide can be prevented, treated, or cured with proper eye care.

• #118 Leading Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment-EnableMe

  https://www.enableme.ke/en/disabilities/blindness-and-vision-impairment-1684

  The infection causes the inner surface of the eyelids to be rough. […] The WHO estimates that at least half of all vision impairment cases are preventable. […] Visual impairments tend to progress fast due to the sensitive nature of the eye. […] Rehabilitation is helpful for people with irreversible visual impairment such as advanced trachoma and age-related macular degeneration. […] The main recommendation of the report is for states to adopt integrated people-centred eye care (IPEC) in addressing visual impairments.

• #119 Low Vision: Causes, Characteristics, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8585-low-vision

  Low vision is a permanent visual impairment that you cant correct with glasses, contacts or surgery. Most eye doctors define low vision as moderate to severe visual impairment enough to inhibit your everyday activities, like driving and reading. […] Causes of low vision include acquired diseases, injuries and congenital (birth) defects. Some of the most common causes include: Macular degeneration. This condition causes a gradual loss of central vision. You might develop a blurry or blind spot in your central visual field. It commonly affects people older than 50. […] Other causes include: Refractive errors. Refractive errors affect the shape of your eye, causing nearsightedness or farsightedness. Theyre correctable, but if they go untreated, theyll continue to worsen. […] The best way to prevent permanent vision loss is to keep up with your regular eye exams and see your provider right away if you notice anything unusual. While not all causes of low vision are preventable, many are treatable if you catch them early enough.

• #120 What Are the Causes of Blindness and Vision Loss?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/causes-of-blindness/

  Glaucoma damages the nerve that transmits visual information to the brain. […] Cataracts are the most common eye disease in the United States, afflicting more than 25 million Americans; by age 80, most people either have cataracts or have had surgery to correct them. […] Two other major causes of vision impairment amblyopia (aka lazy eye) and strabismus, an imbalance in eye positioning develop during infancy or childhood. […] Not all vision loss can be prevented, and some diseases are hard to treat. […] Regular eye exams can protect eye health, Todd says, allowing for critical early intervention if problems arise. […] Taking care of your body is taking care of your eyes, Todd says. […] If youre lucky enough to live old enough, youre going to experience changes in your vision, Todd says.

• #121 Blindness: Types, Causes, Diagnosis & Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/blindness/article.htm

  Other risk factors for blindness include: Poor prenatal care, Premature birth, Advancing age, Poor nutrition, Failing to wear safety glasses when indicated, poor hygiene, smoking, a family history of blindness, the presence of various ocular diseases, Medical conditions including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease. […] The prognosis for blindness is dependent on its cause. In patients with blindness due to optic nerve damage or a completed stroke, visual acuity can usually not be restored. Patients with long-standing retinal detachment, in general, cannot be improved with surgical repair of their detachment. Patients who have corneal scarring or cataract usually have a good prognosis if they can access surgical care for their condition. […] Blindness is preventable through a combination of education and access to good medical care. Most traumatic causes of blindness can be prevented through eye protection. Nutritional causes of blindness are preventable through proper diet. Most cases of blindness from glaucoma are preventable through early detection and appropriate treatment. Visual impairment and blindness caused by infectious diseases have been greatly reduced through international public health measures. […] The majority of blindness from diabetic retinopathy is preventable through careful control of blood sugar levels, exercise, avoidance of obesity and smoking, and emphasis on eating foods that do not increase the sugar load (complex, rather than simple carbohydrates).

• #122 Blindness: Types, Causes, Diagnosis & Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/blindness/article.htm

  Other risk factors for blindness include: Poor prenatal care, Premature birth, Advancing age, Poor nutrition, Failing to wear safety glasses when indicated, poor hygiene, smoking, a family history of blindness, the presence of various ocular diseases, Medical conditions including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease. […] The prognosis for blindness is dependent on its cause. In patients with blindness due to optic nerve damage or a completed stroke, visual acuity can usually not be restored. Patients with long-standing retinal detachment, in general, cannot be improved with surgical repair of their detachment. Patients who have corneal scarring or cataract usually have a good prognosis if they can access surgical care for their condition. […] Blindness is preventable through a combination of education and access to good medical care. Most traumatic causes of blindness can be prevented through eye protection. Nutritional causes of blindness are preventable through proper diet. Most cases of blindness from glaucoma are preventable through early detection and appropriate treatment. Visual impairment and blindness caused by infectious diseases have been greatly reduced through international public health measures. […] The majority of blindness from diabetic retinopathy is preventable through careful control of blood sugar levels, exercise, avoidance of obesity and smoking, and emphasis on eating foods that do not increase the sugar load (complex, rather than simple carbohydrates).

• #123 Visual Disability and Causes of Preventable Blindness | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69973

  The causes from one country to another. The visual impairment attributable to cataract is greater in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In high-income countries, diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration are related to the most frequent age. […] The different etiologies are known to have multifactorial causes; in cataract modifiable risk factors are identified as exposure to ultraviolet rays, mainly UV-B, deficiency in the diet of antioxidants and proteins, smoking, diabetes mellitus, the use of corticosteroids, and severe dehydration. And non-modifiable risk factors are genetic, with a probability three times higher in relatives of people with the disease.

• #124 6 Common Causes of Blindness (Vision Impairment)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/what-are-the-7-causes-of-blindness

  Blindness is usually caused by age-related conditions such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, or cataracts, but other rare conditions can also cause it in people of all ages. […] Risk factors for AMD include smoking or having a family history of the disease. White people may also be at a higher risk than other ethnicities. […] About half of all people with glaucoma don’t know they have it because it progresses very slowly. It first damages your side (peripheral) vision and can eventually cause blindness. […] Risk factors for cataracts include: aging, smoking (if you smoke), alcohol (if you drink), prolonged exposure to sunlight, diabetes. […] People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, including those with type 1 and type 2 or who are pregnant (gestational diabetes).

• #125 Visual Disability and Causes of Preventable Blindness | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69973

  The causes from one country to another. The visual impairment attributable to cataract is greater in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In high-income countries, diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration are related to the most frequent age. […] The different etiologies are known to have multifactorial causes; in cataract modifiable risk factors are identified as exposure to ultraviolet rays, mainly UV-B, deficiency in the diet of antioxidants and proteins, smoking, diabetes mellitus, the use of corticosteroids, and severe dehydration. And non-modifiable risk factors are genetic, with a probability three times higher in relatives of people with the disease.

• #126 Blindness: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/blindness

  Blindness is a potential complication if you have diabetes or have a stroke. Other common causes of blindness include: issues during fetal development, eye injuries, complications from eye surgery. […] The following conditions can cause blindness in infants: cataracts, amblyopia (lazy eye), strabismus (crossed eyes) if there is also amblyopia, ptosis (droopy eyelid) if there is also amblyopia, though this is rare, glaucoma at birth, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which occurs in premature babies when the blood vessels that supply their retina aren’t fully developed. […] The following can increase the risk of blindness: eye diseases, such as macular degeneration and glaucoma, diabetes, stroke, working with or near sharp objects or toxic chemicals, premature birth. […] Treatment that is preventive and sought immediately improves a person’s long-term outlook for restoring impaired vision and slowing blindness. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are also important in cases of glaucoma and macular degeneration to help slow or stop blindness.

• #127 Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29032195/

  Cataract and uncorrected refractive error combined contributed to 55% of blindness and 77% of vision impairment in adults aged 50 years and older in 2015. […] Preventable vision loss due to cataract (reversible with surgery) and refractive error (reversible with spectacle correction) continue to cause most cases of blindness and moderate or severe vision impairment in adults aged 50 years and older.

• #128 Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020

  https://www.smart-optometry.com/eye-health/causes-of-blindness-and-vision-impairment/

  Given that the vast majority of vision impairment and blindness caused by cataract, under corrected refractive error, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma can be avoided with early detection and timely intervention, there is still a significant potential for reducing morbidity associated with these conditions. […] Because cataracts and refractive error can be efficiently cured with surgery and spectacles, the World Health Organization (WHA) classified them as preventable causes of vision impairment. […] Despite the fact that diabetic retinopathy was the least common cause of blindness in 2020 when compared to under corrected refractive error, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, it was the only cause of blindness to show an increase in global age-standardised prevalence between 1990 and 2020. […] Findings from this article show that diabetic retinopathy is still a recognized cause of vision loss.

• #129 Glaucoma Can Cause Blindness With Little Warning

  https://medicine.iu.edu/news/2010/01/glaucoma-can-cause-blindness-with-little-warning

  Guilford was soon diagnosed with glaucoma and had already lost vision in his right eye because of the disease. […] Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States, is often called the sneak thief of sight because it can occur without warning signs or symptoms, Cantor said. […] Individuals may experience some vision loss before they realize they have a problem and often that lost sight cannot be restored. […] Blindness is a result if the disease is left untreated, Cantor said. […] Once vision loss from glaucoma is noticeable or measurable, the disease is often in advanced stages. […] Damage to the nerve can be prevented with medications such as eye drops, laser treatment or surgery, but it cannot be reversed and sight cannot be restored, Cantor said. […] Early detection is the best defense against glaucoma, Cantor said. Treatment can stall the progression of glaucoma, but it won’t cure it or restore lost vision. […] Guilford said it’s important for young people to have eye exams at a young age to check for the disease. We need to make sure the young people are being tested and checked, and be able to control it and take care of it. It is a silent disease it sneaks in and boom, you’re blind.

• #130 Fast Facts: Vision Loss | Vision and Eye Health | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/data-research/vision-loss-facts/index.html

  Approximately 12 million people 40 years and over in the United States have vision impairment. This includes 1 million with blindness. […] As of 2012, 4.2 million Americans aged 40 or older have uncorrectable vision impairment. This number is predicted to more than double by 2050. […] The US has a rapidly aging population, which means more people living with diabetes and other chronic conditions which can lead to vision loss. […] Early detection and timely treatment of eye conditions such as diabetic retinopathy has been found to be effective. 90% of blindness in US adults caused by diabetes is preventable. […] Vision loss causes a substantial social and economic toll for millions of people. This includes significant disability, loss of productivity, and decreased quality of life.

• #131 Common Causes of Vision Loss in Elderly Patients | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0701/p99.html

  The elderly should be instructed about the symptoms of exudative AMD, including blurred vision, distortion or scotoma. […] Glaucoma comprises a group of disorders characterized by glaucomatous optic nerve damage and visual field loss. It is a significant cause of blindness in the United States and is the most common cause of blindness among black Americans. […] Cataract is a common cause of vision impairment in the elderly and the most common cause of blindness worldwide. […] Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of new blindness among middle-aged Americans. It is also a significant cause of vision morbidity in the elderly population. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy rises with increasing duration of diabetes.

• #132

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/blindness-and-vision-loss

  Globally, at least 1 billion people have a near or distance vision impairment that could have been prevented or has yet to be addressed. […] Cataracts and uncorrected refractive errors are estimated to be the leading causes of vision impairment; however, other causes for vision impairment cannot be ignored. Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, long standing systemic conditions like diabetes causing diabetic retinopathy, infectious diseases of the eye and trauma to the eye are all equally important causes for vision impairment that need to be addressed. […] Although effective interventions exist to address the two leading causes of vision impairment, namely optical correction for refractive errors and surgery for cataract, there remains a large unmet need for care. […] Vision impairment that cannot be corrected or reversed requires rehabilitation measures, for which there are several available.

• #133 Most Common Causes of Legal Blindness (Vision Impairment)​ – Vision Buddy – Wearable Glasses for Legally Blind

  https://visionbuddy.com/causes-of-legal-blindness/

  Symptoms can vary depending on the cause, but common signs of legal blindness include: severely blurred vision even with corrective lenses, loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision), inability to recognize faces or read signs, difficulty adjusting to different lighting conditions, frequent need for brighter lighting when reading, and seeing dark spots, flashes, or floating shapes. […] Legal blindness is caused by eye diseases like AMD, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Early detection and proper management can slow progression and improve daily functioning. […] With the help of low vision glasses for the blind, assistive technology, and medical treatments, individuals with legal blindness can continue to lead independent and fulfilling lives. […] Most causes of legal blindness are irreversible, but low vision aids, glasses, and adaptive technologies can help improve vision.

• #134 Most Common Causes of Legal Blindness (Vision Impairment)​ – Vision Buddy – Wearable Glasses for Legally Blind

  https://visionbuddy.com/causes-of-legal-blindness/

  Symptoms can vary depending on the cause, but common signs of legal blindness include: severely blurred vision even with corrective lenses, loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision), inability to recognize faces or read signs, difficulty adjusting to different lighting conditions, frequent need for brighter lighting when reading, and seeing dark spots, flashes, or floating shapes. […] Legal blindness is caused by eye diseases like AMD, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Early detection and proper management can slow progression and improve daily functioning. […] With the help of low vision glasses for the blind, assistive technology, and medical treatments, individuals with legal blindness can continue to lead independent and fulfilling lives. […] Most causes of legal blindness are irreversible, but low vision aids, glasses, and adaptive technologies can help improve vision.

• #135 Leading Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment-EnableMe

  https://www.enableme.ke/en/disabilities/blindness-and-vision-impairment-1684

  The infection causes the inner surface of the eyelids to be rough. […] The WHO estimates that at least half of all vision impairment cases are preventable. […] Visual impairments tend to progress fast due to the sensitive nature of the eye. […] Rehabilitation is helpful for people with irreversible visual impairment such as advanced trachoma and age-related macular degeneration. […] The main recommendation of the report is for states to adopt integrated people-centred eye care (IPEC) in addressing visual impairments.

• #136 Most Common Causes of Legal Blindness (Vision Impairment)​ – Vision Buddy – Wearable Glasses for Legally Blind

  https://visionbuddy.com/causes-of-legal-blindness/

  Low vision glasses magnify objects, improve contrast, and reduce glare, helping individuals with AMD, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy maintain independence. […] Yes, individuals with legal blindness qualify for disability benefits and support programs, including mobility training and assistive devices. […] Yes, many people with legal blindness retain some level of vision, but it is severely impaired and requires assistive tools.

• #137 Blindness | Low Vision | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html

  Vision impairment is the loss of vision. It includes blindness, which means that you have lost all or most of your sight. It also includes low vision, which means you have some vision, but the vision loss makes it hard to do everyday activities. […] The leading causes of low vision and blindness in the United States are age-related eye diseases such as macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma. Other eye disorders, eye injuries, and birth defects can also cause vision loss. […] Low vision is permanent. Glasses, medicine, and surgery can’t cure low vision. […] The sooner vision loss or eye disease is found and treated, the greater your chances of keeping your remaining vision. Whatever the cause, lost vision cannot be restored. But it can be managed. […] You can help take care of your vision by having regular comprehensive eye exams by an eye care professional. […] Making lifestyle changes to lower your risk of health conditions that can cause vision problems.

• #138 Blindness | Low Vision | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html

  Vision impairment is the loss of vision. It includes blindness, which means that you have lost all or most of your sight. It also includes low vision, which means you have some vision, but the vision loss makes it hard to do everyday activities. […] The leading causes of low vision and blindness in the United States are age-related eye diseases such as macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma. Other eye disorders, eye injuries, and birth defects can also cause vision loss. […] Low vision is permanent. Glasses, medicine, and surgery can’t cure low vision. […] The sooner vision loss or eye disease is found and treated, the greater your chances of keeping your remaining vision. Whatever the cause, lost vision cannot be restored. But it can be managed. […] You can help take care of your vision by having regular comprehensive eye exams by an eye care professional. […] Making lifestyle changes to lower your risk of health conditions that can cause vision problems.

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