Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Thyroid Cancer: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12210-thyroid-cancer

  Thyroid cancer starts in your thyroid, a small gland at the base of your neck, just above your trachea (windpipe). […] You or your healthcare provider might feel a lump or growth in your neck called a thyroid nodule. […] Other thyroid cancer symptoms include: Difficulty breathing or swallowing. Loss of voice (hoarseness). Swollen lymph nodes in your neck. […] If you have thyroid cancer that has spread (metastasized) to other areas of your body, you may experience symptoms such as: Tiredness. Loss of appetite. Nausea and vomiting. Unexpected weight loss. […] Thyroid cancer can spread (metastasize) to other parts of your body, such as your liver, lungs or bones. Detecting and treating thyroid cancer in the early stages reduces your risk for metastasis. […] Thyroid cancer can recur (come back), even after treatment. Because thyroid cancer grows slowly, it could take up to 20 years to come back. Recurrence happens in up to 30% of thyroid cancer cases.

• #1 Thyroid Cancer in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/thyroid-cancer

  Thyroid cancer is often detected as a lump in the front of the neck found by the child, a parent, or by a physician during a routine examination. […] Most children who are diagnosed with thyroid cancer feel well at the time of diagnosis, and many have no symptoms at all. While symptoms may vary from child to child, the most common include: A lump in the neck, Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, A sensation of a lump in the throat when swallowing (or more rarely, difficulty with swallowing), Unexplained hoarseness. […] The prognosis for children with thyroid cancer is excellent, with a long-term survival rate of greater than 95 percent. Outcomes are best when thyroid cancer is detected and treated early.

• #1 Thyroid cancer

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/thyroid_cancer/thyroid-cancer-overview.html

  Thyroid cancer usually develops slowly, without many obvious symptoms. However, some people experience one or more of the following: […] a painless lump in the neck (the lump may grow gradually) […] trouble swallowing […] difficulty breathing […] changes to the voice, e.g. hoarseness […] swollen lymph glands (lymph nodes) in the neck (the lymph nodes may slowly grow in size over months or years). […] Although a painless lump in the neck is a typical sign of thyroid cancer, thyroid lumps are common and turn out to be benign in 90% of adults. Having an underactive or overactive thyroid is not typically a sign of thyroid cancer.

• #1 Thyroid Carcinoma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/thyroid-cancer-pro

  Thyroid cancer presents as a thyroid nodule. Thyroid nodules are frequent (4-50% depending on the diagnostic procedures and the patient’s age); however, thyroid cancer is rare (c. 5% of all thyroid nodules). […] Solitary thyroid nodules can vary from soft to hard. Hard and fixed nodules are more suggestive of malignancy than soft mobile nodules. Thyroid carcinoma is usually non-tender to palpation. […] Firm cervical masses are suggestive of regional lymph node metastases. Vocal cord paralysis implies involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. […] Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. It is characterised by a rapid onset with local and distant metastases, local progression and distant evolution. […] The advanced stage of the disease is the most common diagnosis presentation displaying extremely aggressive behaviour with rapid tumour progression, local invasion and/or distant metastases (lung, bone, liver and/or brain metastases).

• #1 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms and Signs

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/symptoms

  In its early stages, thyroid cancer may not cause signs or symptoms. In many cases, thyroid cancer is discovered during a routine neck examination or during an imaging scan performed to diagnose another condition. […] Although thyroid cancer may not cause symptoms until it’s advanced, it’s important to know that early signs may develop, including those listed below. […] The most common early sign of thyroid cancer is an unusual lump, nodule or swelling in the neck. […] Fatigue is a relatively common early sign of thyroid cancer, but because it’s often caused by other conditions as well, it may be overlooked. […] If the thyroid cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, it may cause swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck. […] In some cases, thyroid cancer may cause nodules to grow on the thyroid, irritating the throat and causing a cough that won’t subside, even after a cold or illness has passed.

• #1 Does thyroid cancer hurt? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/202202/does-thyroid-cancer-hurt

  Thyroid cancer is a common occurrence, happening more often in women than men, but it remains a very treatable disease when diagnosed. […] Thyroid cancer, in most people, is asymptomatic, says Vishal Gupta, MD, a physician in the Head Neck and Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Department at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. If its an advanced disease, people may present with hoarseness of voice, difficulty swallowing or sometimes they might feel a fullness or mass in their neck or a tumor that has spread to a lymph node. […] Pain, however, is not usually associated with thyroid cancer, Dr. Gupta says. […] Thyroid cancer has no screening test and does not present with any pain or obvious symptoms, Dr. Gupta says. I dont recall that I have ever seen patients with a pain in their neck who had cancer. Usually its some kind of inflammation. Cancer doesnt usually present with painful symptoms.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Thyroid cancer can cause any of the following signs or symptoms: A lump in the front of the neck, sometimes growing quickly […] Swelling in the neck […] Pain in the front of the neck, sometimes going up to the ears […] Hoarseness or other voice changes that do not go away […] Trouble swallowing […] Trouble breathing […] A constant cough that is not due to a cold […] A lump (or lumps) on the side of the neck. Many of these symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions or even other cancers of the neck area. Still, if you have any of these symptoms, its important to see a doctor so the cause can be found and treated, if needed.

• #1 Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC): Symptoms and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/papillary-thyroid-cancer-symptoms

  Only around 20% of people with PTC experience vocal hoarseness or difficulty swallowing. This can occur when the disease spreads to the nerves that control the vocal cords. […] PTC is a slow-growing cancer that sometimes causes no symptoms in the early stages. The first sign is often a lump or swelling in the neck area. […] In time, PTC may progress and cause vocal changes and problems with swallowing.

• #1 Symptoms of thyroid cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/thyroid-cancer/symptoms/

  Symptoms of thyroid cancer include: a lump in the front, lower part of your neck the lump usually feels hard, slowly gets bigger and is not painful […] a hoarse voice […] a sore throat […] difficulty swallowing or breathing […] pain in the front of your neck, or a feeling like something is pressing against your neck […] Other symptoms can include: a red face (flushing) this may be harder to see on brown or black skin […] softer poos or diarrhoea […] weight loss […] a cough […] you have a lump in your neck either a new lump or an existing lump that’s getting bigger […] you’ve had a hoarse voice, sore throat or cough for more than 3 weeks […] you have pain in the front of your neck, or a feeling like something is pressing against your neck […] These symptoms are very common and can be caused by many different conditions

• #1 Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/medullary-thyroid-cancer/signs-and-symptoms

  If a thyroid tumor is large enough, it can push against the windpipe and interfere with breathing. […] This is a very rare symptom sometimes found in people with advanced medullary thyroid cancer. […] People with medullary thyroid cancer may have bone pain if the cancer has spread to form bone lesions. […] Unusual weight loss is a symptom of advanced medullary thyroid cancer that has spread beyond the thyroid into other organs.

• #1 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms and Signs

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/symptoms

  In many cases, neck pain starts in the front of the neck. In some cases, the neck pain may extend all the way to the ears. […] Experiencing hoarseness or other voice changes that do not go away could be a sign of thyroid cancer. […] Sometimes thyroid cancer patients say it feels like they are breathing through a straw. This breathing difficulty is often a symptom of the disease. […] A growth or nodule on the thyroid gland may interfere with swallowing. […] It may be possible for thyroid cancer to return after treatment, so it’s important to look for any indication of recurrence. Signs and symptoms of thyroid cancer recurrence may include: Neck swelling or a lump in the neck that may grow rapidly, Neck pain that starts in the front of the neck and sometimes extends to the ears, Trouble breathing or swallowing, Voice changes or hoarseness, Continuous cough not related to a cold.

• #1 Thyroid Nodules: What are Thyroid Nodules? Thyroid Nodules Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis – Endocrine Surgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/surgery/endocrine-surgery/conditions-treated/thyroid/thyroid-nodules-thyroid-cancer

  Most thyroid nodules do not cause any symptoms. Some thyroid nodules show up as a painless lump in the neck that you can feel or see. Thyroid nodules usually move up and down with swallowing. […] When thyroid nodules become large (4 cm or 1.5 in) they may cause symptoms by pressing on the airway or esophagus. These are also called compressive symptoms. Compressive symptoms include: Discomfort with swallowing, Discomfort when lying down in certain positions, A tight feeling when wearing a collared shirt, Noisy breathing at night, Food getting stuck in the throat, Shortness of breath when exercising and difficulty breathing. […] Sometimes thyroid nodules can produce excess thyroid hormone. Excess thyroid hormone, also called hyperthyroidism, can cause the following signs and symptoms: Heat intolerance (feeling hot when others do not), Fatigue, Anxiety or swings in emotions/mood, Weakness, Tremor, Palpitations or feeling of an irregular heartbeat, Increased sweating, Weight loss despite normal or increased appetite, Thinning hair.

• #1 8 Top Thyroid Cancer Symptoms & Signs | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/thyroid-cancer-symptoms.html

  Thyroid cancer often has few signs or symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they vary from person to person. They may include: A lump or nodule in the front of the neck […] Pain in the front of the neck that may stretch to the ears […] Change in voice or hoarseness […] Breathing problems, especially the feeling that you are breathing through a straw […] A cough that does not go away and is not caused by a cold […] A cough with blood […] Swallowing problems. Most patients with these symptoms do not have thyroid cancer. However, it is important to discuss any signs or symptoms with your doctor, since they may signal other health problems. Thyroid cancer often has no symptoms when it is diagnosed. It may present as mild neck swelling (as seen on the patients left) or a palpable nodule. Lymph nodes around the thyroid or on the side of the neck (such as the distinct mass in the middle of the neck) can be affected by thyroid cancer.

• #1 Papillary Thyroid Cancer

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/thyroid-cancer/papillary

  Papillary thyroid cancer usually has no symptoms. It almost never causes hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. It doesn’t make people feel bad. Thus, the most common way papillary thyroid cancer is found is by a patient noticing a lump in their throat, or a doctor feeling a lump or nodule when examining a patient’s thyroid gland. Because papillary thyroid cancers don’t usually cause any symptoms, how long the cancer has been growing can be hard to determine. […] It is common for papillary thyroid cancer to spread into the lymph nodes of the neck before the cancer is discovered and diagnosed. Again, since there usually aren’t any symptoms, the cancer grows slowly for years and has time to spread into the lymph nodes, which are doing their job of capturing the cancerous cells before they can spread further. Thus, cancer that has spread into the neck lymph nodes is common with papillary thyroid cancer and may occur in as many as 40 percent of patients with small papillary cancers. In patients with larger papillary thyroid cancers, lymph node spread (metastases) within the neck lymph nodes may occur in up to 75 percent of cases.

• #1 Top 5 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/blog/top-5-thyroid-cancer-symptoms

  It is easy to dismiss a thyroid cancer symptom of a simple cough. […] An individual who presents with a symptom of thyroid cancer which is a change in voice is a later sign of thyroid cancer and an unfavorable one. […] Fatigue is a common symptom of thyroid cancer but often overlooked due to the complexity of other potential causes of fatigue. […] Even though the thyroid cancer may not be very large, it may still produce symptoms of pressure or sometimes even a tight or strangling sensation in the neck.

• #1 Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/anaplastic-thyroid-cancer

  Anaplastic cancers tend to grow very quickly (sometimes over a few weeks) and cause compressive symptoms which include difficulty swallowing, food or pills getting „stuck” when they swallow, and pressure or shortness of breath when lying flat. […] Patients typically notice a rock-hard mass they can feel or a visible mass (i.e. a mass they can see). […] In cases of advanced cancer that are growing (i.e. invading) into surrounding structures, patients may develop hoarseness or difficulty swallowing. […] Patients with compressive symptoms, enlarged lymph nodes, hoarseness, and/or a rapidly growing mass in the neck, especially if they have a known thyroid goiter, should seek medical evaluation right away. […] Patients with a history of a rapidly growing neck mass with or without compressive symptoms should be evaluated immediately for anaplastic thyroid cancer.

• #1 Signs of thyroid cancer spreading: Location, type, and FAQ

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-thyroid-cancer-has-spread

  The spread of thyroid cancer to lymph nodes can sometimes cause difficulties with swallowing or breathing if the enlarged nodes press against the esophagus or trachea. […] Metastasis in the lungs can lead to respiratory symptoms such as: a cough that does not go away, shortness of breath, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), chest pain, weight loss, loss of appetite, fluid around the lungs. […] Signs and symptoms of bone metastasis include: pain in the affected bone, which can become more severe or persistent over time, an increased risk of fractures, even with minor injuries, reduced mobility due to pain or bone weakness. […] Symptoms of brain metastasis vary and depend on the affected part of the brain. Common symptoms include: headaches, seizures, nausea or vomiting, sleepiness, changes in emotions, problems with hearing, swallowing, or vision, changes in mental status, such as confusion or memory issues, difficulty speaking, weakness or numbness in parts of the body, which can indicate neurological impairment.

• #1 Signs of thyroid cancer spreading: Location, type, and FAQ

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-thyroid-cancer-has-spread

  Liver metastasis in thyroid cancer is less common but can happen, especially in more aggressive types of thyroid cancer. Symptoms include: abdominal pain or discomfort, particularly in the upper right side, jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, unexplained weight loss. […] The signs that thyroid cancer has spread can depend on what area of the body the cancer is affecting. General signs that thyroid cancer has spread to other parts of the body include fatigue, shortness of breath, unexplained weight loss, and pain. […] Although this can vary by type, thyroid cancer often spreads to the nearby lymph nodes, the brain, the lungs, the liver, and the bones.

• #1 Thyroid Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/thyroid-cancer-7371691

  The most common sign of thyroid cancer is a new lump or enlargement in your neck. It rarely causes symptoms and is often discovered by chance. Depending on your type of cancer and your unique situation, this sign can occur early or later in the course of the disease. […] The time it takes your thyroid cancer to spread depends on the type of thyroid cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancers spread slowly over months or years. Other types of thyroid cancer are usually more aggressive and can spread in a matter of weeks.

• #1 How Long Could You Have Thyroid Cancer Without Knowing?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/how-long-can-you-have-thyroid-cancer-without-knowing

  The earliest signs of thyroid cancer are often subtle, making it hard to tell it apart from other conditions. But neck lumps or swollen lymph nodes are a sign to see a doctor. […] Due to its slow progression, some people might have thyroid cancer for months or even years before realizing it. However, it can be easy for doctors to detect during regular checkups, imaging tests, or if you notice neck lumps or nodules. […] Most people have a painless lump on their neck, voice changes, and breathing problems during its early stages. Regular health checkups and looking for lumps on your neck can help you get an early diagnosis. […] Later symptoms include sore throat and difficulty swallowing. These can be uncomfortable and lead you to see a doctor, who will perform certain tests and make a diagnosis.

• #1 How Long Could You Have Thyroid Cancer Without Knowing?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/how-long-can-you-have-thyroid-cancer-without-knowing

  You may notice the following signs within a few months after the cancer forms: lumps, nodules, or unusual swelling in your neck; swelling in the lymph nodes in your neck; voice changes. […] After a few months of the cancer forming, you may experience a lump or swelling around your throat and changes to your ability to swallow. […] Certain visible signs may appear in some people as the disease progresses, typically within a few years after the cancer has formed. These can include: shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid growth of a lump in your neck, obvious swelling in your neck, sore throat, hoarse voice, weight loss, diarrhea, red flushing of your face. […] As the cancer progresses, generally years after it begins, some of the symptoms grow more intense and may now include difficulty swallowing or persistent neck pain.

• #1 Thyroid cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_cancer

  For the most common form of thyroid cancer, papillary, the overall prognosis is excellent with 97%, 95%, and 90% 10, 15 and 20 year overall survival respectively. […] The 5 year survival of all thyroid cancers, with treatment, is 98%. […] Many small thyroid cancers (mostly papillary type) rarely grow or metastasize. […] Prognosis depends mainly on the type of cancer and cancer stage.

• #1 Medullary Thyroid Cancer | American Thyroid Association

  https://www.thyroid.org/medullary-thyroid-cancer/

  Hoarseness can be present if the cancer invades the nerve that controls the vocal cords. […] MTC is usually more aggressive than the other more common types of thyroid cancer, and it is usually easier to treat and control if it is found before it spreads to lymph nodes in the neck or other parts of the body. […] The prognosis of MTC is usually not as favorable as differentiated thyroid cancers (papillary and follicular cancer). […] However, if discovered early, surgery can be curative. […] Long-term survival depends on the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis.

• #1 Thyroid Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/what-is-thyroid-cancer

  In the beginning you may not notice any symptoms of thyroid cancer. But as it grows, you could notice any of the following problems: […] Many of these symptoms may be signs of conditions that aren’t cancer, but you should still see a doctor to be sure. Most thyroid cancers are found early when people go to their doctors about a swelling in their neck. […] The outlook is generally very good. The five-year relative survival rate for thyroid cancer is 95% for all races and ages. This means that, on average, you’re 95% as likely to be alive in five years as someone who didn’t have thyroid cancer. […] Of course, the survival rate changes depending on the stage and type of your cancer. […] For papillary and follicular thyroid cancer, the five-year survival rates are 99.5% and 98%, respectively. […] For medullary thyroid cancer, the five-year rate is 91%. For anaplastic cancer, the five-year rate is 8%.

• #1 Thyroid Cancer Stages | Stages of Thyroid Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html

  All anaplastic thyroid cancers are considered stage IV, even when they haven’t spread, because these cancers often spread quickly and can be hard to treat. […] The stage of a thyroid cancer can be determined in 2 ways: Clinical stage: The clinical stage is based on the results of physical exams, imaging tests, and any biopsies that have been done. […] The clinical and pathological stages for thyroid cancer are usually similar, but it’s possible that the stage might change after surgery is done. […] Younger people with differentiated (papillary or follicular) thyroid cancer tend to have a better outlook than people who are older. […] The main tumor can be any size, and it might or might not have grown outside the thyroid or have spread to nearby lymph nodes. […] The cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, bones, or brain.

• #1 Thyroid cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/thyroid-cancer/

  Cancerous cells can return many years after surgery and radioactive iodine treatment has been completed. […] It’s estimated that 5% to 20% of people with a history of thyroid cancer will experience a return of cancerous cells in their neck. […] An estimated 10% to 15% of people will see a return of cancerous cells in other parts of their body, such as their bones. […] Because of the risk of cancer cells returning, you’ll be asked to attend regular check-ups so any cancerous cells that do return can be treated quickly.

• #1 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms and Signs

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/symptoms

  Early thyroid cancer recurrence symptoms may not be apparent, so regular screenings and follow-up appointments are strongly recommended. […] Up to 30 percent of thyroid cancer patients may develop cancer recurrence. Of these patients, an estimated 80 percent develop thyroid cancer recurrence only in the neck area. The other 20 percent diagnosed with recurrent disease develop distant metastases, tumors that form in other areas of the body, such as the lungs, liver and bone.

• #1 Differentiated Thyroid Cancer | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/differentiated-thyroid-cancer

  Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer do not have any obvious signs or symptoms. In most cases, a thyroid nodule is discovered during a physical exam or through a radiology study for a non-thyroid-related head or neck issue. […] When symptoms are present, they may include: Feeling a lump in the neck when at rest, lying down, or while eating or drinking; Change in voice. […] Persistent thyroid cancer is defined as evidence of disease by physical exam, laboratory testing and/or imaging six to 12 months after initial treatment. Recurrent thyroid disease is defined as a return of clinical disease after a patient was considered free of disease for six months or more. […] Despite extremely favorable outcomes for pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, recurrence is more common in children than adults. Specific groups that appear to be at highest risk include those who have: Cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes in the side of the neck; Cancer that has spread to the lungs; Cancer that has spread to the bone.

• #1 Papillary Thyroid Cancer

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/thyroid-cancer/papillary

  The presence of lymph node metastasis in the neck may be associated with a higher chance that the cancer comes back months or years later (a higher recurrence rate). However, having papillary thyroid cancer spread to neck lymph nodes does not necessarily mean that there is a higher mortality rate. In fact, among patients less than 45 years of age, even with spread to neck lymph nodes, survival rates of papillary thyroid cancer exceed 97%. Distant metastasis (spread to other organs of the body) is uncommon for papillary thyroid cancer.

• #1 Thyroid Cancer: Early Diagnosis Is Key to Successful Treatment > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/thyroid-cancer-early-diagnosis-key-to-treatment

  Many people with early-stage thyroid cancer dont have obvious symptoms. As a result, most dont think they have cancer until they go for an annual physical exam, and the doctor suspects a problem after palpating the neck and feeling a lump or swelling they hadnt noticed. […] In time, swelling or a lump may develop in the front of the neck, in the area where the thyroid gland resides. When the cancer advances, hoarseness, trouble swallowing, or a constant cough often develop. […] If further tests do lead to a diagnosis of early thyroid cancer, its good to know that this condition often can be successfully treated long before symptoms such as fatigue, hoarse voice, or difficulty swallowing develop. […] But thyroid cancer is still serious. Like any cancer, if its not diagnosed early and successfully treated, it can spread to other organs, cause complications, and possibly even be fatal.

• #2 Stage 1 Thyroid Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.farnorthsurgery.com/blog/stage-1-thyroid-cancer-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Thyroid cancer is a condition where abnormal cells start growing in the thyroid, a small gland in your neck that controls your body’s metabolism. […] In the early stages, thyroid cancer might not present noticeable symptoms, making it challenging to detect. However, as the condition progresses, certain signs may emerge, indicating the presence of Stage 1 thyroid cancer. These symptoms can include: A lump or nodule in the neck, Swelling of the neck, Changes in voice, Pain in the neck or throat, Difficulty in swallowing or breathing, A persistent cough that is not caused by cold. […] Stage 1 thyroid cancer boasts an exceptionally positive prognosis compared to advanced stages. With localized tumors confined to the thyroid gland, the five-year survival rate surpasses 99.9%, making it highly curable. This high survival rate and chances of recovery underscore the importance of early detection and prompt treatment.

• #2

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/cancer/thyroid-cancer/papillary-thyroid-cancer-symptoms-treatment

  Symptoms are typically not noticeable in the initial stages of papillary thyroid cancer. As the cancer cells grow, a lump or nodule in the neck may become noticeable along with other symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes or pain in your throat or neck. […] Most people dont experience any symptoms of papillary thyroid cancer, especially in the early stages. However, you may experience: A lump in your neck or enlarged thyroid gland, Difficulty swallowing, Hoarseness or voice changes, Difficulty breathing, Neck pain or discomfort, Swollen lymph nodes, Fatigue, Weight changes, Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, Changes in heart rate. […] It’s important to note that these symptoms can be caused by conditions other than papillary thyroid cancer, such as benign thyroid nodules, thyroiditis or other thyroid disorders. If you experience persistent or concerning symptoms, especially neck lumps, difficulty swallowing or breathing or voice changes, schedule an appointment with your Aurora Health Care provider.

• #2 8 Top Thyroid Cancer Symptoms & Signs | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/thyroid-cancer-symptoms.html

  Thyroid cancer often has few signs or symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they vary from person to person. They may include: A lump or nodule in the front of the neck […] Pain in the front of the neck that may stretch to the ears […] Change in voice or hoarseness […] Breathing problems, especially the feeling that you are breathing through a straw […] A cough that does not go away and is not caused by a cold […] A cough with blood […] Swallowing problems. Most patients with these symptoms do not have thyroid cancer. However, it is important to discuss any signs or symptoms with your doctor, since they may signal other health problems. Thyroid cancer often has no symptoms when it is diagnosed. It may present as mild neck swelling (as seen on the patients left) or a palpable nodule. Lymph nodes around the thyroid or on the side of the neck (such as the distinct mass in the middle of the neck) can be affected by thyroid cancer.

• #2 Thyroid Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/what-is-thyroid-cancer

  In the beginning you may not notice any symptoms of thyroid cancer. But as it grows, you could notice any of the following problems: […] Many of these symptoms may be signs of conditions that aren’t cancer, but you should still see a doctor to be sure. Most thyroid cancers are found early when people go to their doctors about a swelling in their neck. […] The outlook is generally very good. The five-year relative survival rate for thyroid cancer is 95% for all races and ages. This means that, on average, you’re 95% as likely to be alive in five years as someone who didn’t have thyroid cancer. […] Of course, the survival rate changes depending on the stage and type of your cancer. […] For papillary and follicular thyroid cancer, the five-year survival rates are 99.5% and 98%, respectively. […] For medullary thyroid cancer, the five-year rate is 91%. For anaplastic cancer, the five-year rate is 8%.

• #2 Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/anaplastic-thyroid-cancer

  Anaplastic cancers tend to grow very quickly (sometimes over a few weeks) and cause compressive symptoms which include difficulty swallowing, food or pills getting „stuck” when they swallow, and pressure or shortness of breath when lying flat. […] Patients typically notice a rock-hard mass they can feel or a visible mass (i.e. a mass they can see). […] In cases of advanced cancer that are growing (i.e. invading) into surrounding structures, patients may develop hoarseness or difficulty swallowing. […] Patients with compressive symptoms, enlarged lymph nodes, hoarseness, and/or a rapidly growing mass in the neck, especially if they have a known thyroid goiter, should seek medical evaluation right away. […] Patients with a history of a rapidly growing neck mass with or without compressive symptoms should be evaluated immediately for anaplastic thyroid cancer.

• #2 Thyroid cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/thyroid-cancer/

  The most common symptom of cancer of the thyroid is a painless lump or swelling that develops in the neck. […] Other symptoms of thyroid cancer only tend to occur after the condition has reached an advanced stage, and may include: unexplained hoarseness that lasts for more than a few weeks, a sore throat or difficulty swallowing that doesn’t get better, a lump elsewhere in your neck. […] In its early stages, thyroid cancer tends to cause no or very few symptoms. […] The main symptom of thyroid cancer is a lump or swelling at the front of the neck just below your Adams apple, which is usually painless. […] The lymph nodes in your neck can also be affected and become swollen. […] Other symptoms of thyroid cancer only tend to occur after the condition has reached an advanced stage, and may include: unexplained hoarseness that doesn’t get better after a few weeks, a sore throat or difficulty swallowing that doesn’t get better, pain in your neck.

• #2 Top 5 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/blog/top-5-thyroid-cancer-symptoms

  It is easy to dismiss a thyroid cancer symptom of a simple cough. […] An individual who presents with a symptom of thyroid cancer which is a change in voice is a later sign of thyroid cancer and an unfavorable one. […] Fatigue is a common symptom of thyroid cancer but often overlooked due to the complexity of other potential causes of fatigue. […] Even though the thyroid cancer may not be very large, it may still produce symptoms of pressure or sometimes even a tight or strangling sensation in the neck.

• #2 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms and Signs

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/symptoms

  In many cases, neck pain starts in the front of the neck. In some cases, the neck pain may extend all the way to the ears. […] Experiencing hoarseness or other voice changes that do not go away could be a sign of thyroid cancer. […] Sometimes thyroid cancer patients say it feels like they are breathing through a straw. This breathing difficulty is often a symptom of the disease. […] A growth or nodule on the thyroid gland may interfere with swallowing. […] It may be possible for thyroid cancer to return after treatment, so it’s important to look for any indication of recurrence. Signs and symptoms of thyroid cancer recurrence may include: Neck swelling or a lump in the neck that may grow rapidly, Neck pain that starts in the front of the neck and sometimes extends to the ears, Trouble breathing or swallowing, Voice changes or hoarseness, Continuous cough not related to a cold.

• #2 Signs of thyroid cancer spreading: Location, type, and FAQ

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-thyroid-cancer-has-spread

  The signs that thyroid cancer has spread can vary depending on where in the body it has traveled to. Thyroid cancers often spread to the nearby lymph nodes and the lungs, bone, brain, and liver. […] The spread of thyroid cancer can cause various signs and symptoms, depending on which area of the body it is affecting. Thyroid cancer typically spreads to the lungs, bone, brain, and liver. […] General signs of metastasis (spread) include: unexplained weight loss, fatigue or weakness, pain, shortness of breath. […] When thyroid cancer spreads to the lymph nodes which is often the first site of metastasis, particularly for the papillary and medullary types it can cause noticeable changes. One possible symptom is swollen lymph nodes in the neck. A person may feel lumps when touching the neck area. This swelling might not be painful.

• #2 Signs of thyroid cancer spreading: Location, type, and FAQ

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-thyroid-cancer-has-spread

  The spread of thyroid cancer to lymph nodes can sometimes cause difficulties with swallowing or breathing if the enlarged nodes press against the esophagus or trachea. […] Metastasis in the lungs can lead to respiratory symptoms such as: a cough that does not go away, shortness of breath, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), chest pain, weight loss, loss of appetite, fluid around the lungs. […] Signs and symptoms of bone metastasis include: pain in the affected bone, which can become more severe or persistent over time, an increased risk of fractures, even with minor injuries, reduced mobility due to pain or bone weakness. […] Symptoms of brain metastasis vary and depend on the affected part of the brain. Common symptoms include: headaches, seizures, nausea or vomiting, sleepiness, changes in emotions, problems with hearing, swallowing, or vision, changes in mental status, such as confusion or memory issues, difficulty speaking, weakness or numbness in parts of the body, which can indicate neurological impairment.

• #2 Symptoms of thyroid cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/thyroid-cancer/symptoms/

  Symptoms of thyroid cancer include: a lump in the front, lower part of your neck the lump usually feels hard, slowly gets bigger and is not painful […] a hoarse voice […] a sore throat […] difficulty swallowing or breathing […] pain in the front of your neck, or a feeling like something is pressing against your neck […] Other symptoms can include: a red face (flushing) this may be harder to see on brown or black skin […] softer poos or diarrhoea […] weight loss […] a cough […] you have a lump in your neck either a new lump or an existing lump that’s getting bigger […] you’ve had a hoarse voice, sore throat or cough for more than 3 weeks […] you have pain in the front of your neck, or a feeling like something is pressing against your neck […] These symptoms are very common and can be caused by many different conditions

• #2 Symptoms of thyroid cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/thyroid-cancer/symptoms

  The symptoms of thyroid cancer include: a lump in your neck, a hoarse voice that lasts for more than 3 weeks, a sore throat or difficulty swallowing that does not get better. […] Cancerous thyroid lumps aren’t usually painful. But you should get any lump (whether it is painful or not) checked out by your doctor. […] A hoarse voice is more likely to be caused by a bacterial or viral infection. See your doctor if you have a hoarse voice for more than 3 weeks. […] Sore throats are very common and could be due to infection. But check with your doctor if you have had a sore throat for more than 3 weeks or you have difficulty swallowing and this is not getting better. […] A rare type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid cancer can cause unusual symptoms. You might have frequent loose bowel movements or go red in the face (flushing). These are caused by too much of the hormone calcitonin, made by the medullary thyroid cancer cells. […] Your symptoms may not be due to thyroid cancer. But it is important that any symptoms you have are checked by a doctor, even if you are feeling well. […] The earlier a cancer is picked up, the easier it is to treat it and the more likely the treatment is to be successful.

• #2 Anaplastic thyroid cancer: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000352.htm

  Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer of the thyroid gland. […] Anaplastic thyroid cancer is an invasive type of thyroid cancer that grows very rapidly. It occurs most often in people over age 60. It is more common in females than in males. The cause is unknown. […] Symptoms include: Cough, Coughing up blood, Difficulty swallowing, Hoarseness or changing voice, Loud breathing, Lower neck lump, which often grows quickly, Pain in the neck, Vocal cord paralysis, Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). […] The outlook with this disease is poor. Most people do not survive longer than 6 months because the disease is aggressive and there is a lack of effective treatment options.

• #2 Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/medullary-thyroid-cancer/signs-and-symptoms

  If a thyroid tumor is large enough, it can push against the windpipe and interfere with breathing. […] This is a very rare symptom sometimes found in people with advanced medullary thyroid cancer. […] People with medullary thyroid cancer may have bone pain if the cancer has spread to form bone lesions. […] Unusual weight loss is a symptom of advanced medullary thyroid cancer that has spread beyond the thyroid into other organs.

• #2 Thyroid Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/thyroid-cancer-7371691

  The most common sign of thyroid cancer is a new lump or enlargement in your neck. It rarely causes symptoms and is often discovered by chance. Depending on your type of cancer and your unique situation, this sign can occur early or later in the course of the disease. […] The time it takes your thyroid cancer to spread depends on the type of thyroid cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancers spread slowly over months or years. Other types of thyroid cancer are usually more aggressive and can spread in a matter of weeks.

• #2 Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC): Symptoms and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/papillary-thyroid-cancer-symptoms

  Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a type of thyroid cancer. The first sign is usually a lump in the front of the neck, while later symptoms may include vocal changes and problems with swallowing. It is the slowest-growing thyroid cancer and the easiest to treat. […] A person with PTC typically will not experience symptoms in the early stages, and blood tests may not show anything unusual. […] When symptoms appear, the individual will typically notice a painless lump at the front of their neck that will not move with touch. […] If PTC progresses, a person may experience further symptoms, though this is rare. […] If further symptoms develop, they may include: difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia; swollen lymph nodes, which appears as swelling in the neck; changes to the voice, such as increasing hoarseness; pain in the neck, throat, or jaw; choking sensations; fatigue.

• #2 Thyroid Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459299/

  Thyroid cancer is a malignancy arising from the thyroid parenchymal cells. Its incidence is steadily increasing worldwide, while the mortality rate has remained stable over the past several years. The clinical behavior of thyroid cancer is highly variable, from indolent, slowly progressing tumors to highly aggressive tumors with high mortality rates. […] The most common presenting feature in DTC is either neck swelling (detected by the patient or a clinician) or incidentally detected thyroid nodules on neck imaging. […] Anaplastic thyroid cancer can present as a rapidly enlarging neck mass and rapid occurrence of compressive symptoms of the aerodigestive tract. Some patients can present with constitutional symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and anorexia. […] The prognosis of thyroid cancer varies greatly, depending on its type, tumor size, the extent of metastasis, patient’s age, and amenability to resection. The prognosis is generally good, with up to 95% 5-year survival rate for patients of all ages and races. Poor prognostic factors include large tumor size, the presence of extra-thyroidal extensions or metastases, older age, or unfavorable tumor types such as undifferentiated cancer. […] Untreated thyroid cancer can be locally invasive into the airway, esophagus, or other nearby neurovascular structures. Distant metastasis most commonly involves the lung, bone, and other soft tissue structures.

• #2 Thyroid Cancer | American Thyroid Association

  https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-cancer/

  Overall, your prognosis with differentiated thyroid cancer is excellent, especially if you are younger than 55 years of age and have a small cancer. If your papillary thyroid cancer has not spread beyond the thyroid gland, patients like you rarely if ever die from thyroid cancer. If you are older than 55 years of age, or have a larger or more aggressive tumor, your prognosis remains very good, but the risk of cancer recurrence is higher.

• #2

• #2 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms and Signs

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/symptoms

  Early thyroid cancer recurrence symptoms may not be apparent, so regular screenings and follow-up appointments are strongly recommended. […] Up to 30 percent of thyroid cancer patients may develop cancer recurrence. Of these patients, an estimated 80 percent develop thyroid cancer recurrence only in the neck area. The other 20 percent diagnosed with recurrent disease develop distant metastases, tumors that form in other areas of the body, such as the lungs, liver and bone.

• #2 Thyroid Cancer Stages and Survival Rate

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/stages

  A thyroid cancer recurrence typically occurs in the neck area, such as the lymph nodes. This is called a regional recurrence. Some patients experience distant metastases, or cancer that has spread to other areas of the body. Distant thyroid cancer recurrence typically develops in the bones and lungs.

• #2 Thyroid cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/thyroid-cancer/

  Cancerous cells can return many years after surgery and radioactive iodine treatment has been completed. […] It’s estimated that 5% to 20% of people with a history of thyroid cancer will experience a return of cancerous cells in their neck. […] An estimated 10% to 15% of people will see a return of cancerous cells in other parts of their body, such as their bones. […] Because of the risk of cancer cells returning, you’ll be asked to attend regular check-ups so any cancerous cells that do return can be treated quickly.

• #2

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7530083/

  The likelihood of radiographic detection increases concordantly with the Tg levels that can result in changes in clinical care. […] Thus, in thyroid cancer, it seems likely that the majority of recurrence at distant sites represents growth of pre-existing metastases occurring as early stage events that are biologically dormant (i.e. not growing at the molecular level) or growing at a pace and volume below the threshold of detection (i.e. clinically dormant). […] In addition to loss of MPS gene expression, thyroid cancer growth rate in metastatic tissues often can be predicted by the histology and genotype of the primary tumor. […] Factors that drive late stage progression include loss of expression of metastasis progression suppressors, gain of new mutations in genes that regulate DNA damage repair and chromatin remodeling, and potentially the expansion of resistant cells with increased proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and escape from immune surveillance.

• #2 Thyroid Cancer | American Thyroid Association

  https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-cancer/

  Thyroid cancer often presents as a lump or nodule in the thyroid and usually does not cause any other symptoms. […] Rarely, thyroid cancers and nodules may cause symptoms. You may complain of pain in the neck, jaw, or ear. If a nodule is large enough to compress your windpipe or esophagus, it may cause difficulty with breathing, swallowing, or cause a tickle in the throat sensation. Even less commonly, you may develop hoarseness if a thyroid cancer invades the nerve that controls your vocal cords. […] Cancers arising in thyroid nodules generally do not cause symptoms, and thyroid function tests are typically normal even when you have cancer. […] Periodic follow-up examinations are essential for all patients with thyroid cancer, because the thyroid cancer can return sometimes several years after successful initial treatment.

• #2 Thyroid Carcinoma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/thyroid-cancer-pro

  The clinical diagnosis is usually easy with a large, hard mass invading the neck and causing compression (dyspnoea, cough, vocal cord paralysis, dysphagia and hoarseness). Almost 50% of the patients present with distant metastases, mostly in the lungs but also in the bones, liver and brain. […] Prognosis for thyroid cancer varies greatly depending on its type, size, patient’s age and amenability to resection. In general the prognosis is good, with up to 95% five-year survival rate for patients across all ages and races. The prognosis may be worse based on the size of the tumour, the presence of extra-thyroidal extensions or metastasis, older age or unfavourable tumour types such as anaplastic which has a five-year survival rate of 5%.

• #3 Symptoms of thyroid cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/thyroid-cancer/symptoms/

  Symptoms of thyroid cancer include: a lump in the front, lower part of your neck the lump usually feels hard, slowly gets bigger and is not painful […] a hoarse voice […] a sore throat […] difficulty swallowing or breathing […] pain in the front of your neck, or a feeling like something is pressing against your neck […] Other symptoms can include: a red face (flushing) this may be harder to see on brown or black skin […] softer poos or diarrhoea […] weight loss […] a cough […] you have a lump in your neck either a new lump or an existing lump that’s getting bigger […] you’ve had a hoarse voice, sore throat or cough for more than 3 weeks […] you have pain in the front of your neck, or a feeling like something is pressing against your neck […] These symptoms are very common and can be caused by many different conditions

• #3 Top 5 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/blog/top-5-thyroid-cancer-symptoms

  It is easy to dismiss a thyroid cancer symptom of a simple cough. […] An individual who presents with a symptom of thyroid cancer which is a change in voice is a later sign of thyroid cancer and an unfavorable one. […] Fatigue is a common symptom of thyroid cancer but often overlooked due to the complexity of other potential causes of fatigue. […] Even though the thyroid cancer may not be very large, it may still produce symptoms of pressure or sometimes even a tight or strangling sensation in the neck.

• #3

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/cancer/thyroid-cancer/medullary-thyroid-cancer

  Medullary thyroid cancer symptoms can be different for you than for someone else, or you may not experience any symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, the following symptoms may emerge: […] Symptoms of medullary thyroid cancer can be different for you than for someone else, or you may not experience any symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, the following symptoms may emerge: Bone pain, Difficulty breathing, Difficulty swallowing, Diarrhea or constipation, Enlargement of the thyroid gland, Fatigue, Flushed skin, Hoarseness or alterations in voice, Neck pain, Presence of a painless lump, known as a thyroid nodule, on the front of the neck, Swollen lymph nodes, Weight loss. […] It’s important to note that many of these symptoms can also be attributed to other conditions. If any of these symptoms persist or if you notice any unusual changes in your neck, contact your provider for an exam.

• #3 Thyroid cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/thyroid-cancer/

  Cancerous cells can return many years after surgery and radioactive iodine treatment has been completed. […] It’s estimated that 5% to 20% of people with a history of thyroid cancer will experience a return of cancerous cells in their neck. […] An estimated 10% to 15% of people will see a return of cancerous cells in other parts of their body, such as their bones. […] Because of the risk of cancer cells returning, you’ll be asked to attend regular check-ups so any cancerous cells that do return can be treated quickly.

• #3

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7530083/

  The likelihood of radiographic detection increases concordantly with the Tg levels that can result in changes in clinical care. […] Thus, in thyroid cancer, it seems likely that the majority of recurrence at distant sites represents growth of pre-existing metastases occurring as early stage events that are biologically dormant (i.e. not growing at the molecular level) or growing at a pace and volume below the threshold of detection (i.e. clinically dormant). […] In addition to loss of MPS gene expression, thyroid cancer growth rate in metastatic tissues often can be predicted by the histology and genotype of the primary tumor. […] Factors that drive late stage progression include loss of expression of metastasis progression suppressors, gain of new mutations in genes that regulate DNA damage repair and chromatin remodeling, and potentially the expansion of resistant cells with increased proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and escape from immune surveillance.

• #3 Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Thyroid cancer can cause any of the following signs or symptoms: A lump in the front of the neck, sometimes growing quickly […] Swelling in the neck […] Pain in the front of the neck, sometimes going up to the ears […] Hoarseness or other voice changes that do not go away […] Trouble swallowing […] Trouble breathing […] A constant cough that is not due to a cold […] A lump (or lumps) on the side of the neck. Many of these symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions or even other cancers of the neck area. Still, if you have any of these symptoms, its important to see a doctor so the cause can be found and treated, if needed.

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