Rak tarczycy – Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Rak tarczycy
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Rak tarczycy, najczęstszy nowotwór układu endokrynnego, obejmuje głównie raki zróżnicowane (brodawkowaty i pęcherzykowy) charakteryzujące się powolnym wzrostem i dobrym rokowaniem, oraz rzadki, agresywny rak anaplastyczny. Diagnostyka opiera się na badaniu fizykalnym, USG wysokiej rozdzielczości oraz ocenie hormonów tarczycy, szczególnie po tyreoidektomii. Kluczowe jest monitorowanie objawów takich jak zmiany w głosie, trudności w połykaniu, oraz potencjalne powikłania jak niedrożność dróg oddechowych czy hipokalcemia. Leczenie obejmuje tyreoidektomię (częściową lub całkowitą), terapię radioaktywnym jodem, radioterapię, chemioterapię, terapię hormonalną (lewotyroksyna) oraz terapię celowaną, a także aktywną obserwację w przypadku mikroraków. W przypadku stosowania inhibitorów kinazy tyrozynowej (TKI) zaleca się regularne badania EKG, kardiologiczne i laboratoryjne w pierwszych 12 tygodniach terapii.

Wprowadzenie do raka tarczycy

Rak tarczycy to nowotwór, który rozwija się w tkankach tarczycy – małego, motylowatego gruczołu położonego w dolnej części szyi, który produkuje hormony regulujące temperaturę ciała, tętno i metabolizm. Choroba ta jest najczęstszym nowotworem układu endokrynnego, jednak w większości przypadków charakteryzuje się dobrym rokowaniem i wysoką wyleczalnością przy odpowiednim leczeniu¹². Szacuje się, że w samym 2021 roku zdiagnozowano około 44 000 nowych przypadków raka tarczycy, przy czym choroba ta częściej występuje u osób młodszych oraz kobiet³.

Najczęstsze typy raka tarczycy to rak brodawkowaty, pęcherzykowy, rdzeniasty oraz anaplastyczny. Najbardziej powszechne są raki zróżnicowane (brodawkowaty i pęcherzykowy), które charakteryzują się powolnym wzrostem i dobrą odpowiedzią na leczenie. Natomiast rak anaplastyczny jest najrzadszym, ale również najbardziej agresywnym typem, wymagającym natychmiastowej interwencji⁴⁵.

Diagnostyka i ocena pielęgniarska

Dokładna diagnostyka jest kluczowym elementem skutecznego leczenia raka tarczycy. Pierwszym krokiem w procesie diagnostycznym jest często badanie fizykalne szyi, podczas którego personel medyczny ocenia tarczycę pod kątem zmian w wielkości, tkliwości lub obecności guzków⁶. Ważnym elementem diagnostyki jest również kompleksowe badanie USG wysokiej rozdzielczości, które pozwala na ocenę nie tylko samej tarczycy, ale również węzłów chłonnych szyi, do których rak tarczycy często daje przerzuty⁷.

W ramach oceny pielęgniarskiej personel medyczny powinien regularnie:

Kontrolować i badać palpacyjnie okolice tarczycy pod kątem zmian w wielkości, tkliwości lub obecności guzków⁸
Monitorować zmiany w głosie, chrypkę lub trudności w połykaniu, które mogą wskazywać na progresję choroby lub powikłania⁹
Oceniać poziomy hormonów tarczycy, szczególnie u pacjentów po tyreoidektomii lub terapii radiojodem¹⁰
Oceniać stan emocjonalny i psychologiczny pacjenta oraz rodziny w odpowiedzi na diagnozę i leczenie¹¹

Wczesne rozpoznanie i interwencja mają kluczowe znaczenie dla poprawy rokowania pacjentów z rakiem tarczycy¹².

Planowanie opieki pielęgniarskiej

Diagnozy pielęgniarskie

Podczas planowania opieki nad pacjentem z rakiem tarczycy, personel pielęgniarski powinien uwzględnić następujące diagnozy pielęgniarskie¹³:

Ryzyko niedrożności dróg oddechowych związane z uciskiem przez masę tarczycy, obrzęk pooperacyjny, krwawienie lub skurcz krtani¹⁴¹⁵
Ból ostry/przewlekły związany z procesem chorobowym, zabiegami leczniczymi lub operacją¹⁶¹⁷
Zaburzenia komunikacji werbalnej związane z uszkodzeniem nerwu krtaniowego, obrzękiem tkanek, bólem i dyskomfortem¹⁸
Ryzyko urazu związane z tężyczką, przełomem tarczycowym lub zaburzeniami równowagi chemicznej (np. hipokalcemia)¹⁹
Deficyt wiedzy dotyczący stanu chorobowego, prognozy, leczenia, samoopieki i potrzeb związanych z wypisem²⁰²¹
Lęk/strach związany z diagnozą nowotworową, leczeniem i potencjalnymi zmianami w obrazie ciała²²²³

Cele opieki pielęgniarskiej

Opracowując plan opieki pielęgniarskiej dla pacjenta z rakiem tarczycy, należy uwzględnić następujące cele²⁴:

Pacjent zgłosi ulgę lub kontrolę bólu
Pacjent będzie utrzymywał drożne drogi oddechowe, bez ryzyka aspiracji
Pacjent ustanowi metodę komunikacji, dzięki której jego potrzeby będą zrozumiałe
Pacjent nie dozna urazu, a potencjalne powikłania będą zminimalizowane lub kontrolowane
Pacjent wykaże zrozumienie procedury chirurgicznej, rokowania i potencjalnych powikłań
Pacjent zrozumie potrzeby terapeutyczne i będzie uczestniczył w schemacie leczenia
Pacjent skutecznie zarządza objawami i efektami ubocznymi leczenia²⁵
Pacjent pomyślnie przejdzie rekonwalescencję pooperacyjną²⁶
Pacjent utrzyma optymalną funkcję tarczycy dzięki odpowiedniej terapii²⁷

Interwencje pielęgniarskie

Opieka okołooperacyjna

Zabieg chirurgiczny jest najczęstszą metodą leczenia raka tarczycy. Pacjenci zazwyczaj przechodzą częściową (lobektomię) lub całkowitą tyreoidektomię, w zależności od typu i stadium nowotworu²⁸²⁹. Opieka pielęgniarska w okresie okołooperacyjnym obejmuje³⁰:

Przygotowanie pacjenta do operacji tarczycy, upewnienie się co do świadomej zgody i ocen przedoperacyjnych
Monitorowanie parametrów życiowych i stanu pacjenta podczas i po operacji
Podawanie przepisanych leków, takich jak antybiotyki czy środki przeciwbólowe
Ocena i zarządzanie bólem i dyskomfortem pacjenta po operacji
Monitorowanie pacjenta pod kątem objawów powikłań, takich jak krwawienie lub infekcja
Zapewnienie opieki nad raną i zmian opatrunków
Edukacja pacjenta na temat opieki pooperacyjnej, w tym ograniczeń aktywności i modyfikacji dietetycznych

Po tyreoidektomii należy szczególnie uważnie monitorować pacjenta pod kątem³¹:

Świstu krtaniowego lub niedrożności dróg oddechowych – sprzęt do tracheostomii powinien być zawsze dostępny
Minimalizowania mówienia, aby uniknąć podrażnienia dróg oddechowych
Objawów hipokalcemii w wyniku usunięcia gruczołów przytarczycznych (drętwienie, mrowienie, skurcze mięśni)

Monitorowanie i zarządzanie objawami

Kluczowym elementem opieki pielęgniarskiej jest regularne monitorowanie i zarządzanie objawami związanymi z rakiem tarczycy oraz jego leczeniem³²:

Monitorowanie funkcji tarczycy: Regularna ocena poziomów hormonów tarczycy w celu dostosowania leczenia i dawkowania leków
Ocena drożności dróg oddechowych: Ciągła ocena i zapewnienie drożności dróg oddechowych pacjenta
Ocena poziomu bólu: Regularna ocena poziomu bólu i skuteczności interwencji przeciwbólowych
Monitorowanie poziomu wapnia: Szczególnie ważne po tyreoidektomii, gdzie istnieje ryzyko hipokalcemii z powodu usunięcia przytarczyc³³
Wsparcie w komunikacji: Pomoc w strategiach komunikacyjnych, jeśli funkcja strun głosowych jest zaburzona³⁴

W przypadku pacjentów leczonych inhibitorami kinazy tyrozynowej (TKI), konieczne jest wczesne rozpoznanie i odpowiednie zarządzanie działaniami niepożądanymi³⁵. Zaleca się wykonanie EKG, badania kardiologicznego i badań krwi przed rozpoczęciem leczenia TKI, a następnie powtarzanie ich po 2, 4, 8 i 12 tygodniach, z możliwością przeprowadzenia badania endokrynologicznego lub onkologicznego co 15 dni w pierwszych dwóch miesiącach leczenia³⁶.

Edukacja pacjenta i wsparcie psychologiczne

Edukacja pacjenta jest kluczowym elementem opieki pielęgniarskiej w raku tarczycy³⁷. Obejmuje ona:

Informowanie pacjenta i rodziny o raku tarczycy, opcjach leczenia i koniecznych modyfikacjach stylu życia³⁸
Omówienie możliwych zmian w głosie – zmiany w funkcji strun głosowych mogą powodować zmiany w wysokości i jakości głosu, które mogą być tymczasowe lub trwałe³⁹
Edukacja na temat terapii hormonem tarczycy – pacjenci powinni zrozumieć, że po usunięciu tarczycy będą potrzebować dożywotniej suplementacji hormonów tarczycy⁴⁰
Wyjaśnienie potrzeby regularnych badań kontrolnych w celu wykrycia nawrotu choroby⁴¹
Informowanie o objawach hipotyroidyzmu, które mogą wskazywać na problemy: osłabienie, zmęczenie, nietolerancja zimna, przyrost masy ciała, opuchlizna twarzy, obrzęk okołooczodołowy, bradykardia i hipotermia⁴²

Wsparcie psychologiczne jest równie istotne, ponieważ pacjenci z rakiem tarczycy często doświadczają lęku, depresji i zmęczenia po leczeniu⁴³. Badania wykazały, że interwencje pielęgniarskie skierowane na aspekty psychologiczne mogą znacznie zmniejszyć cierpienie psychologiczne i poprawić jakość życia pacjentów z rakiem tarczycy⁴⁴.

Leczenie raka tarczycy

Metody leczenia

Leczenie raka tarczycy jest dostosowane do każdego pacjenta indywidualnie i może obejmować różne metody terapeutyczne⁴⁵:

Zabieg chirurgiczny: Najczęstsza metoda leczenia raka tarczycy, obejmująca częściowe lub całkowite usunięcie gruczołu tarczowego⁴⁶. Wybór procedury zależy od wieku pacjenta i wielkości nowotworu⁴⁷.
Terapia radioaktywnym jodem (RAI): Stosowana po operacji, szczególnie w przypadku raka brodawkowatego i pęcherzykowego, w celu zniszczenia pozostałych komórek tarczycy i ewentualnych komórek nowotworowych⁴⁸.
Radioterapia zewnętrzna: Wykorzystuje wysokoenergetyczne promienie X do niszczenia komórek nowotworowych⁴⁹.
Chemioterapia: Stosuje się ją rzadko, głównie w przypadku zaawansowanego raka tarczycy, który rozprzestrzenił się do odległych narządów⁵⁰.
Terapia hormonalna: Po usunięciu tarczycy pacjenci muszą przyjmować hormony tarczycy (lewotyroksynę), które zastępują funkcję usuniętego gruczołu⁵¹.
Terapia celowana: Wykorzystuje leki, które identyfikują i atakują specyficzne komórki nowotworowe⁵².
Aktywna obserwacja: W przypadku bardzo małych raków brodawkowatych (mikroraków) o niskim ryzyku wzrostu lub rozprzestrzeniania się, alternatywą dla operacji może być aktywna obserwacja z częstym monitorowaniem⁵³.

Plan leczenia zależy od typu, stadium i profilu genomowego raka⁵⁴. W niektórych przypadkach pacjenci mogą kwalifikować się do udziału w badaniach klinicznych, które oferują dostęp do nowych, innowacyjnych metod leczenia⁵⁵.

Zarządzanie działaniami niepożądanymi leczenia

Leczenie raka tarczycy może wiązać się z różnymi działaniami niepożądanymi, które wymagają odpowiedniego zarządzania⁵⁶:

Po tyreoidektomii: Pacjenci będą wymagać dożywotniej terapii hormonem tarczycy (lewotyroksyną) w celu zastąpienia hormonów, które wcześniej produkowała tarczyca⁵⁷.
Hipokalcemia: Jest zazwyczaj leczona suplementami wapnia, czasami w połączeniu z witaminą D. Czas przyjmowania tych suplementów zależy od tego, kiedy i czy gruczoły przytarczyczne odzyskają normalną funkcję⁵⁸.
Działania niepożądane TKI: Zarządzanie działaniami niepożądanymi inhibitorów kinazy tyrozynowej zależy od poziomu ich nasilenia. W przypadku łagodnej toksyczności może wystarczyć zmniejszenie dawki, podczas gdy dla toksyczności stopnia 2 i 3 może być konieczna terapia medyczna i przerwanie leczenia, a nawet trwałe zaprzestanie leczenia w przypadku toksyczności stopnia 4⁵⁹.
Powikłania związane z raną pooperacyjną: Infekcja rany jest możliwym powikłaniem po każdym zabiegu chirurgicznym. Aby zapobiec infekcji w domu, ważne jest pozostawienie opatrunków na miejscu, utrzymywanie czystości i suchości rany na szyi oraz unikanie kąpieli w basenie do czasu całkowitego zagojenia rany⁶⁰.

Należy poinformować lekarza, jeśli szyja zaczyna stawać się czerwona, opuchnięta lub bardziej bolesna, lub jeśli pacjent ma wysoką temperaturę (gorączkę) lub sączenie z rany. Może to wskazywać na infekcję wymagającą antybiotykoterapii⁶¹.

Opieka nad pacjentem w okresie remisji i przeżycia

Po zakończeniu leczenia raka tarczycy, pacjenci przechodzą w fazę przeżycia, która wymaga ciągłej opieki i monitorowania⁶²:

Monitorowanie po leczeniu

Regularne badania kontrolne: Pacjenci powinni regularnie odbywać wizyty kontrolne, podczas których lekarz będzie badał ich pod kątem objawów i mógł zlecać badania krwi lub obrazowe, takie jak skany radioaktywnego jodu lub USG⁶³.
Monitorowanie markerów nowotworowych: W przypadku rdzeniastego raka tarczycy (MTC), zespół medyczny będzie regularnie sprawdzał poziomy kalcytoniny i antygenu karcynoembrionalnego (CEA) we krwi⁶⁴.
Terapia hormonem tarczycy: Pacjenci, którzy przeszli całkowitą tyreoidektomię, będą potrzebować dożywotniej terapii hormonem tarczycy⁶⁵.
Plan opieki po przeżyciu: Ważne jest opracowanie planu opieki po przeżyciu, który może obejmować sugerowany harmonogram badań kontrolnych i testów, listę możliwych późnych lub długoterminowych skutków ubocznych leczenia oraz przypomnienia o wizytach u lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej⁶⁶.

Wsparcie psychospołeczne

Pacjenci z rakiem tarczycy często doświadczają trudności psychologicznych, nawet po zakończeniu leczenia⁶⁷:

Wsparcie emocjonalne: Pewien poziom depresji, niepokoju lub zmartwienia jest normalny, gdy rak tarczycy jest częścią życia pacjenta. Wszyscy mogą skorzystać z pomocy i wsparcia, czy to od przyjaciół i rodziny, grup religijnych, grup wsparcia, profesjonalnych doradców czy innych⁶⁸.
Lęk przed nawrotem: Strach przed nawrotem i wtórnymi nowotworami jest powszechny w tej populacji pacjentów, szczególnie u osób zdiagnozowanych w młodym wieku⁶⁹.
Potrzeby wsparcia: Badania wskazują, że prawie połowa uczestników z rakiem tarczycy zgłasza problemy emocjonalne i niezaspokojone potrzeby związane z domeną psychologiczną, nawet na różnych etapach obserwacji⁷⁰.

Personel pielęgniarski powinien zapewnić ciągłość dynamicznej opieki, systematycznie oceniając rzeczywiste potrzeby wsparcia pacjentów z rakiem tarczycy w zależności od różnych faz choroby⁷¹.

Podejście multidyscyplinarne w opiece nad pacjentem z rakiem tarczycy

Opieka nad pacjentem z rakiem tarczycy wymaga podejścia multidyscyplinarnego, łączącego wysiłki różnych specjalistów⁷²⁷³:

Zespół multidyscyplinarny

W skład multidyscyplinarnego zespołu opieki nad pacjentem z rakiem tarczycy mogą wchodzić⁷⁴:

Endokrynolodzy
Chirurdzy głowy i szyi
Chirurdzy endokrynologiczni
Lekarze medycyny nuklearnej
Onkolodzy medyczni i radiacyjni
Radiolodzy
Patolodzy
Farmaceuci
Zaawansowane pielęgniarki praktykujące
Pielęgniarki onkologiczne
Dietetycy
Fizjoterapeuci
Psycholodzy
Pracownicy socjalni

Kompleksowe, skoordynowane podejście zespołu multidyscyplinarnego pozwala zapewnić najlepszą opiekę w leczeniu raka tarczycy⁷⁵.

Rola pielęgniarki w zespole multidyscyplinarnym

Pielęgniarka odgrywa kluczową rolę w multidyscyplinarnym zespole opieki nad pacjentem z rakiem tarczycy⁷⁶:

Zarządzanie opieką: Pielęgniarka zarządza opieką pacjenta we współpracy z lekarzem, pomaga przy procedurach i leczeniu.
Źródło informacji: Pielęgniarki są zasobem dla pacjenta i jego opiekunów, mogą odpowiadać na pytania dotyczące szerokiego zakresu tematów, takich jak radzenie sobie z efektami ubocznymi lub uzyskanie innych potrzebnych usług.
Koordynacja opieki: Pielęgniarki nawigujące pomagają koordynować opiekę, zapewniając płynną komunikację między różnymi specjalistami⁷⁷.
Edukacja: Pielęgniarki edukują pacjentów i ich rodziny na temat choroby, leczenia i potrzebnych modyfikacji stylu życia⁷⁸.
Wsparcie emocjonalne: Zapewniają wsparcie psychologiczne i mogą kierować pacjentów do usług doradczych w razie potrzeby⁷⁹.
Proaktywne podejście edukacyjne: Proaktywne podejście edukacyjne pielęgniarki, mające na celu zapobieganie i właściwe zarządzanie toksycznościami podczas terapii, wraz z wkładem multidyscyplinarnego zespołu opieki zdrowotnej, jest niezbędne do optymalizacji przestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych, zaspokojenia potrzeb informacyjnych pacjenta, maksymalizacji korzyści, zmniejszenia ryzyka i błędów medycznych oraz pozytywnego wpływu na jakość życia zarówno pacjenta, jak i jego rodziny⁸⁰.

Wyzwania i specjalne aspekty opieki

Rak tarczycy w ciąży

Jeśli diagnoza raka tarczycy przypada na okres ciąży, lekarz prowadzący może omówić opcje leczenia dostosowane do tej szczególnej sytuacji. W zależności od typu i nasilenia raka, lekarz może zalecić opóźnienie leczenia do czasu porodu. Jeśli leczenie nie może czekać, większość pacjentek może bezpiecznie przejść operację usunięcia gruczołu nowotworowego⁸¹.

Nawrót choroby

Rak tarczycy może nawrócić, nawet po skutecznym leczeniu. Ze względu na powolny wzrost raka tarczycy, nawrót może nastąpić nawet po 10-20 latach od początkowego leczenia⁸². W przypadku nawrotu choroby, opcje leczenia mogą obejmować operację, radioterapię, leki ukierunkowane (takie jak wandetanib lub kabozantynib) lub chemioterapię⁸³.

Opieka paliatywna

Opieka paliatywna jest integralną częścią zarządzania rakiem tarczycy, szczególnie w przypadkach zaawansowanych lub trudnych do leczenia⁸⁴. Specjaliści opieki paliatywnej współpracują z pacjentem, jego rodziną i zespołem opieki zdrowotnej, aby zapewnić dodatkową warstwę wsparcia, która uzupełnia bieżącą opiekę⁸⁵. Usługi opieki paliatywnej mogą obejmować zarządzanie bólem, wsparcie żywieniowe, pomoc w zarządzaniu objawami oraz wsparcie psychiczne dla pacjenta i jego rodziny.

Podsumowanie opieki pielęgniarskiej w raku tarczycy

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z rakiem tarczycy (rak tarczycy) jest kompleksowa i wielowymiarowa, obejmująca:

Wczesną identyfikację i ocenę: Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w rozpoznawaniu potencjalnych objawów i czynników ryzyka raka tarczycy, wspierając proces diagnostyczny⁸⁶.
Planowanie kompleksowej opieki: Opracowanie planu opieki pielęgniarskiej, który uwzględnia fizyczne, emocjonalne i edukacyjne potrzeby pacjenta⁸⁷.
Zarządzanie objawami i działaniami niepożądanymi: Monitorowanie i łagodzenie objawów oraz działań niepożądanych związanych z leczeniem, szczególnie po zabiegu chirurgicznym i w przypadku terapii radioaktywnym jodem⁸⁸.
Edukację i wsparcie pacjenta: Zapewnienie pacjentom i ich rodzinom informacji i wsparcia potrzebnego do zrozumienia choroby, leczenia i koniecznych modyfikacji stylu życia⁸⁹.
Współpracę z interdyscyplinarnym zespołem: Współpraca z innymi specjalistami opieki zdrowotnej w celu zapewnienia kompleksowej i spójnej opieki⁹⁰.
Wsparcie w okresie przeżycia: Pomoc pacjentom w przejściu od aktywnego leczenia do fazy przeżycia, w tym monitorowanie pod kątem nawrotu choroby oraz zarządzanie długoterminowymi efektami leczenia⁹¹.

Skuteczna opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z rakiem tarczycy wymaga zrozumienia unikalnych potrzeb każdego pacjenta oraz współpracy z multidyscyplinarnym zespołem opieki zdrowotnej⁹². Poprzez zapewnienie kompleksowej opieki, pielęgniarki mogą znacząco przyczynić się do poprawy wyników leczenia i jakości życia pacjentów z rakiem tarczycy.

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Thyroid Cancer: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12210-thyroid-cancer
Thyroid cancer develops in your thyroid gland, a part of your endocrine system. Your thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate body temperature, heart rate and metabolism. Most thyroid cancers are highly curable. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy and radioiodine therapy. […] Treatments for thyroid cancer depend on the tumor size and whether the cancer has spread. Treatments include: […] Surgery is the most common treatment for thyroid cancer. Depending on the tumors size and location, a surgeon may remove part of your thyroid gland (lobectomy) or all of the gland (thyroidectomy). The surgeon also removes any nearby lymph nodes where cancer cells have spread. […] With radioiodine therapy, you swallow a pill or liquid containing a higher dose of radioactive iodine than whats used in a diagnostic radioiodine scan. The radioiodine shrinks and destroys the diseased thyroid gland along with cancer cells. This treatment is very safe. Your thyroid gland absorbs almost all of the radioiodine and the rest of your body has minimal radiation exposure.
#2 Thyroid cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354161
Thyroid cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the thyroid. The thyroid produces hormones that regulate heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and weight. […] Most thyroid cancers can be cured with treatment. […] Most often, diagnosing thyroid cancer starts with the physical exam. Your doctor will feel for physical changes in your neck and the thyroid. This usually is followed by blood tests and ultrasound imaging. […] Fortunately, most thyroid cancers can be beaten with treatments. […] In cases where further treatment is necessary, surgery is common. Depending on your cancer, your doctor may remove just a portion of the thyroid – a procedure known as thyroidectomy. Or your doctor may remove all of the thyroid. Other treatments may include thyroid hormone therapy, alcohol ablation, radioactive iodine, targeted drug therapy, external radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, in some. Ultimately, what your treatment looks like will depend on the stage of your cancer and the type of thyroid cancer you have.
#3 Nursing Considerations for Thyroid Cancer Survivorship Care | Oncology Nursing Society
https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/09-2021/nursing-considerations-thyroid-cancer-survivorship
In 2021, approximately 44,000 people will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer, most commonly younger patients and assigned females at birth. […] Survivorship care plans are particularly important for this population. Organizations such as ACS, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network have evidence-based guidelines for disease management that include supportive and survivorship care. […] Surgery, consisting of a lobectomy or thyroidectomy with or without lymph node removal, is the main treatment for all thyroid cancers except anaplastic. […] All patients who have had their thyroids removed will begin thyroid hormone therapy to help maintain the body’s metabolism and potentially prevent recurrence. […] Most patients with thyroid cancer will have had their thyroids removed or destroyed by treatment. The most common long-term side effects of surgery include dysphagia, dysphonia, and transient or permanent hypocalcemia.
#4 Thyroid Cancer – Types, Symptoms, Treatment, Staging & Diagnosis | MD Anderson Cancer Center
https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer.html
Thyroid cancer begins in the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck at the base of the throat. It is usually a slow-growing disease that can be treated successfully. […] Thyroid cancer rarely impacts the thyroid glands ability to produce hormones. There is no connection between thyroid cancer and common thyroid conditions like hyperthyroidism. […] Patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancers are most likely to be disease-free at the end of treatment. […] Compared to well-differentiated thyroid cancer, these diseases are harder to treat. They also have a higher risk of spreading to the lungs and bones and are more likely to recur after treatment. […] Treatment is successful in most cases. […] Treatment for follicular thyroid cancer is similar to papillary thyroid cancer and is successful for most patients.
#5 Treatment of Thyroid Cancer, by Type and Stage | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/treating/by-stage.html
Most papillary thyroid cancers are treated with surgery. This is most often a total thyroidectomy (in which the entire thyroid is removed), although some small tumors can be treated with a lobectomy (just removing the side of the thyroid containing the tumor). […] For people who do have surgery, if the nearby lymph nodes are enlarged or show signs of cancer spread, they will also be removed. […] Treatment after surgery depends on the risk of the cancer coming back (which is based on the stage of the cancer and other factors). […] For cancers with a lower risk of coming back, no further treatment is usually needed. […] For cancers with a higher risk of coming back (or cancers that are not removed completely with surgery), radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is often given several weeks after thyroidectomy. The goal is to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue and to try to treat any cancer remaining in the body.
#6 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
To provide nursing professionals with an in-depth understanding and effective strategies for managing patients with thyroid cancer. This care plan focuses on the pathophysiology of thyroid cancer, its symptoms, and the comprehensive approach needed for symptom management, complication prevention, and emotional support. […] Effective management of symptoms and treatment side effects. […] Successful postoperative recovery, if surgery is performed. […] Maintenance of optimal thyroid function with appropriate therapy. […] Patient and family education about the disease, treatment options, and necessary lifestyle modifications. […] Regularly inspect and palpate the thyroid area for changes in size, tenderness, or the presence of nodules. […] Monitor for changes in voice, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing, which may indicate progression or complications.
#7 Thyroid cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354167
The next step after thyroid cancer is diagnosed is to obtain a comprehensive, high-resolution ultrasound. This is important because papillary thyroid cancer and other types of thyroid cancer commonly spread to lymph nodes in the neck. If these are positive for thyroid cancer, fortunately, the surgeon will do a comprehensive surgery to remove both the thyroid and the lymph nodes. […] Fortunately, for small thyroid cancers, it does not impact the function of the gland. We measure the function of the gland by measuring hormones called TSH and T4. And if these are normal, it means the thyroid function has been preserved. […] Many patients are concerned about their quality of life and function after removing the thyroid gland. Fortunately, we have a hormone called levothyroxine or Synthroid. This hormone is bioidentical to the hormone your thyroid produced. It’s safe. It’s effective. And there’s no side effects when you’re on the right dose.
#8 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
To provide nursing professionals with an in-depth understanding and effective strategies for managing patients with thyroid cancer. This care plan focuses on the pathophysiology of thyroid cancer, its symptoms, and the comprehensive approach needed for symptom management, complication prevention, and emotional support. […] Effective management of symptoms and treatment side effects. […] Successful postoperative recovery, if surgery is performed. […] Maintenance of optimal thyroid function with appropriate therapy. […] Patient and family education about the disease, treatment options, and necessary lifestyle modifications. […] Regularly inspect and palpate the thyroid area for changes in size, tenderness, or the presence of nodules. […] Monitor for changes in voice, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing, which may indicate progression or complications.
#9 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
To provide nursing professionals with an in-depth understanding and effective strategies for managing patients with thyroid cancer. This care plan focuses on the pathophysiology of thyroid cancer, its symptoms, and the comprehensive approach needed for symptom management, complication prevention, and emotional support. […] Effective management of symptoms and treatment side effects. […] Successful postoperative recovery, if surgery is performed. […] Maintenance of optimal thyroid function with appropriate therapy. […] Patient and family education about the disease, treatment options, and necessary lifestyle modifications. […] Regularly inspect and palpate the thyroid area for changes in size, tenderness, or the presence of nodules. […] Monitor for changes in voice, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing, which may indicate progression or complications.
#10 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#11 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#12 Thyroid Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist
https://www.wakehealth.edu/condition/t/thyroid-cancer
Receiving a cancer diagnosis is scary. Our head and neck cancer experts at Wake Forest Baptist are committed to providing the best possible surgical, medical and radiation care possible. […] Treatment depends on the type of thyroid cancer. Surgery is most often done. The entire thyroid gland is usually removed. If your doctor suspects that the cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, these will also be removed. […] After treatment for thyroid cancer, you must take thyroid hormone pills for the rest of your life. The dosage is usually slightly higher than what your body needs. This helps keep the cancer from coming back. The pills also replace the thyroid hormone your body needs to function normally. […] A major focus for our head and neck cancer team is the healthy rehabilitation of head and neck cancer survivors. The Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Program at Wake Forest Baptist is designed to offer comprehensive services for head and neck cancer survivors. This program gives cancer survivors access to important services, including: Otolaryngology, Speech-language pathology, Rehabilitative medicine, Dentistry, Occupational therapy, Nutrition services, Psychiatry, Chaplain services, Medical oncology, Radiation oncology, Social work.
#13 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer […] Nursing Diagnosis Common Nursing Diagnosis That Could Be Found In Patient With Thyroid Cancer: Fear/Anxiety [specify level] Acute/chronic Pain Risk for ineffective Airway Clearance Impaired verbal Communication Risk for Injury, [tetany, thyroid storm] Deficient Knowledge [Learning Need] regarding Condition, prognosis, treatment, self-care, and Discharge needs […] Nursing Interventions and rationale Nursing diagnosis Fear/Anxiety: Review clients and significant others (SOs) previous experience with cancer. Determine what the doctor has told client and what conclusion client has reached. Rationale Clarifies clients perceptions; assists in identification of fear(s) and misconceptions based on diagnosis and experience with cancer. […] Nursing Diagnosis Acute pain/Chronic Pain Related to: Disease process compression or destruction of nerve tissue, infiltration of nerves or their vascular supply, obstruction of a nerve pathway, inflammation, metastasis to bones. Side effects of various cancer therapy agents
#14 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#15 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Nursing Diagnosis Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance Related to: Tracheal obstruction, swelling, bleeding, laryngeal spasms. […] Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Verbal Communication Related to: Vocal cord injury, laryngeal nerve damage. Tissue edema; pain and discomfort […] Nursing Diagnosis Risk For Injury Related to: tetany, thyroid storm. Chemical imbalance, such as with hypocalcemia, increased release of thyroid hormones, excessive central nervous system (CNS) stimulation […] Nursing Diagnosis Deficient Knowledge Regarding Condition, Prognosis, Treatment, Self-Care, And Discharge Needs Related to: Lack of exposure and recall; misinterpretation, Unfamiliarity with information resources […] Patient Teaching Thyroid Cancer Patient Teaching discharge and Home Health Guidance for Patient with Thyroid Cancer. To maintain a euthyroid state, teach family and patient sign and symptoms of hypothyroidism for early detection of problems: weakness, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, facial puffiness, periorbital edema, bradycardia, and hypothermia.
#16 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#17 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer […] Nursing Diagnosis Common Nursing Diagnosis That Could Be Found In Patient With Thyroid Cancer: Fear/Anxiety [specify level] Acute/chronic Pain Risk for ineffective Airway Clearance Impaired verbal Communication Risk for Injury, [tetany, thyroid storm] Deficient Knowledge [Learning Need] regarding Condition, prognosis, treatment, self-care, and Discharge needs […] Nursing Interventions and rationale Nursing diagnosis Fear/Anxiety: Review clients and significant others (SOs) previous experience with cancer. Determine what the doctor has told client and what conclusion client has reached. Rationale Clarifies clients perceptions; assists in identification of fear(s) and misconceptions based on diagnosis and experience with cancer. […] Nursing Diagnosis Acute pain/Chronic Pain Related to: Disease process compression or destruction of nerve tissue, infiltration of nerves or their vascular supply, obstruction of a nerve pathway, inflammation, metastasis to bones. Side effects of various cancer therapy agents
#18 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Nursing Diagnosis Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance Related to: Tracheal obstruction, swelling, bleeding, laryngeal spasms. […] Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Verbal Communication Related to: Vocal cord injury, laryngeal nerve damage. Tissue edema; pain and discomfort […] Nursing Diagnosis Risk For Injury Related to: tetany, thyroid storm. Chemical imbalance, such as with hypocalcemia, increased release of thyroid hormones, excessive central nervous system (CNS) stimulation […] Nursing Diagnosis Deficient Knowledge Regarding Condition, Prognosis, Treatment, Self-Care, And Discharge Needs Related to: Lack of exposure and recall; misinterpretation, Unfamiliarity with information resources […] Patient Teaching Thyroid Cancer Patient Teaching discharge and Home Health Guidance for Patient with Thyroid Cancer. To maintain a euthyroid state, teach family and patient sign and symptoms of hypothyroidism for early detection of problems: weakness, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, facial puffiness, periorbital edema, bradycardia, and hypothermia.
#19 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Nursing Diagnosis Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance Related to: Tracheal obstruction, swelling, bleeding, laryngeal spasms. […] Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Verbal Communication Related to: Vocal cord injury, laryngeal nerve damage. Tissue edema; pain and discomfort […] Nursing Diagnosis Risk For Injury Related to: tetany, thyroid storm. Chemical imbalance, such as with hypocalcemia, increased release of thyroid hormones, excessive central nervous system (CNS) stimulation […] Nursing Diagnosis Deficient Knowledge Regarding Condition, Prognosis, Treatment, Self-Care, And Discharge Needs Related to: Lack of exposure and recall; misinterpretation, Unfamiliarity with information resources […] Patient Teaching Thyroid Cancer Patient Teaching discharge and Home Health Guidance for Patient with Thyroid Cancer. To maintain a euthyroid state, teach family and patient sign and symptoms of hypothyroidism for early detection of problems: weakness, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, facial puffiness, periorbital edema, bradycardia, and hypothermia.
#20 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#21 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Nursing Diagnosis Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance Related to: Tracheal obstruction, swelling, bleeding, laryngeal spasms. […] Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Verbal Communication Related to: Vocal cord injury, laryngeal nerve damage. Tissue edema; pain and discomfort […] Nursing Diagnosis Risk For Injury Related to: tetany, thyroid storm. Chemical imbalance, such as with hypocalcemia, increased release of thyroid hormones, excessive central nervous system (CNS) stimulation […] Nursing Diagnosis Deficient Knowledge Regarding Condition, Prognosis, Treatment, Self-Care, And Discharge Needs Related to: Lack of exposure and recall; misinterpretation, Unfamiliarity with information resources […] Patient Teaching Thyroid Cancer Patient Teaching discharge and Home Health Guidance for Patient with Thyroid Cancer. To maintain a euthyroid state, teach family and patient sign and symptoms of hypothyroidism for early detection of problems: weakness, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, facial puffiness, periorbital edema, bradycardia, and hypothermia.
#22 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#23 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer […] Nursing Diagnosis Common Nursing Diagnosis That Could Be Found In Patient With Thyroid Cancer: Fear/Anxiety [specify level] Acute/chronic Pain Risk for ineffective Airway Clearance Impaired verbal Communication Risk for Injury, [tetany, thyroid storm] Deficient Knowledge [Learning Need] regarding Condition, prognosis, treatment, self-care, and Discharge needs […] Nursing Interventions and rationale Nursing diagnosis Fear/Anxiety: Review clients and significant others (SOs) previous experience with cancer. Determine what the doctor has told client and what conclusion client has reached. Rationale Clarifies clients perceptions; assists in identification of fear(s) and misconceptions based on diagnosis and experience with cancer. […] Nursing Diagnosis Acute pain/Chronic Pain Related to: Disease process compression or destruction of nerve tissue, infiltration of nerves or their vascular supply, obstruction of a nerve pathway, inflammation, metastasis to bones. Side effects of various cancer therapy agents
#24 6 Thyroidectomy Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
https://nurseslabs.com/thyroidectomy-nursing-care-plans/
Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will report relief or control of pain. The client will demonstrate the use of relaxation skills and diversional activities appropriate to the situation. The client will maintain a patent airway, with aspiration prevented. The client will establish a method of communication in which needs can be understood. The client will demonstrate an absence of injury with complications minimized/controlled. The client will verbalize understanding of surgical procedure and prognosis and potential complications. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will participate in the treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients who underwent thyroidectomy may include: Managing Post-Op Acute Pain, Maintaining a Patent Airway Clearance, Promoting Effective Communication, Preventing Injury, Initiating Patient Education and Health Teachings, Administering Medications and Providing Pharmacologic Support.
#25 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
To provide nursing professionals with an in-depth understanding and effective strategies for managing patients with thyroid cancer. This care plan focuses on the pathophysiology of thyroid cancer, its symptoms, and the comprehensive approach needed for symptom management, complication prevention, and emotional support. […] Effective management of symptoms and treatment side effects. […] Successful postoperative recovery, if surgery is performed. […] Maintenance of optimal thyroid function with appropriate therapy. […] Patient and family education about the disease, treatment options, and necessary lifestyle modifications. […] Regularly inspect and palpate the thyroid area for changes in size, tenderness, or the presence of nodules. […] Monitor for changes in voice, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing, which may indicate progression or complications.
#26 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
To provide nursing professionals with an in-depth understanding and effective strategies for managing patients with thyroid cancer. This care plan focuses on the pathophysiology of thyroid cancer, its symptoms, and the comprehensive approach needed for symptom management, complication prevention, and emotional support. […] Effective management of symptoms and treatment side effects. […] Successful postoperative recovery, if surgery is performed. […] Maintenance of optimal thyroid function with appropriate therapy. […] Patient and family education about the disease, treatment options, and necessary lifestyle modifications. […] Regularly inspect and palpate the thyroid area for changes in size, tenderness, or the presence of nodules. […] Monitor for changes in voice, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing, which may indicate progression or complications.
#27 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
To provide nursing professionals with an in-depth understanding and effective strategies for managing patients with thyroid cancer. This care plan focuses on the pathophysiology of thyroid cancer, its symptoms, and the comprehensive approach needed for symptom management, complication prevention, and emotional support. […] Effective management of symptoms and treatment side effects. […] Successful postoperative recovery, if surgery is performed. […] Maintenance of optimal thyroid function with appropriate therapy. […] Patient and family education about the disease, treatment options, and necessary lifestyle modifications. […] Regularly inspect and palpate the thyroid area for changes in size, tenderness, or the presence of nodules. […] Monitor for changes in voice, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing, which may indicate progression or complications.
#28 Thyroid Cancer: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12210-thyroid-cancer
Thyroid cancer develops in your thyroid gland, a part of your endocrine system. Your thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate body temperature, heart rate and metabolism. Most thyroid cancers are highly curable. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy and radioiodine therapy. […] Treatments for thyroid cancer depend on the tumor size and whether the cancer has spread. Treatments include: […] Surgery is the most common treatment for thyroid cancer. Depending on the tumors size and location, a surgeon may remove part of your thyroid gland (lobectomy) or all of the gland (thyroidectomy). The surgeon also removes any nearby lymph nodes where cancer cells have spread. […] With radioiodine therapy, you swallow a pill or liquid containing a higher dose of radioactive iodine than whats used in a diagnostic radioiodine scan. The radioiodine shrinks and destroys the diseased thyroid gland along with cancer cells. This treatment is very safe. Your thyroid gland absorbs almost all of the radioiodine and the rest of your body has minimal radiation exposure.
#29 Treatment of Thyroid Cancer, by Type and Stage | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/treating/by-stage.html
Most papillary thyroid cancers are treated with surgery. This is most often a total thyroidectomy (in which the entire thyroid is removed), although some small tumors can be treated with a lobectomy (just removing the side of the thyroid containing the tumor). […] For people who do have surgery, if the nearby lymph nodes are enlarged or show signs of cancer spread, they will also be removed. […] Treatment after surgery depends on the risk of the cancer coming back (which is based on the stage of the cancer and other factors). […] For cancers with a lower risk of coming back, no further treatment is usually needed. […] For cancers with a higher risk of coming back (or cancers that are not removed completely with surgery), radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is often given several weeks after thyroidectomy. The goal is to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue and to try to treat any cancer remaining in the body.
#30 6 Thyroidectomy Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
https://nurseslabs.com/thyroidectomy-nursing-care-plans/
Thyroidectomy requires meticulous postoperative nursing care to prevent complications. The nursing care plan will focus on managing the hyperthyroid state preoperatively, relieving pain, providing information about the surgical procedure, prognosis, and treatment needs, and preventing complications. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients who underwent thyroidectomy: Prepare the patient for thyroidectomy surgery, ensuring proper informed consent and preoperative assessments. Monitor the patients vital signs and condition during and after the surgery. Administer prescribed medications, such as antibiotics or pain relievers, as directed. Assess and manage the patients pain and discomfort postoperatively. Monitor the patient for any signs of complications, such as bleeding or infection. Provide wound care and dressing changes as required. Educate the patient on postoperative care, including activity restrictions and dietary modifications. Offer emotional support and address any concerns or questions the patient may have. Schedule follow-up appointments to monitor healing, assess thyroid hormone levels, and adjust medication dosage if needed.
#31 02.18 Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/02-18-thyroid-cancer
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. […] Surgery is the primary treatment for thyroid and parathyroid cancer. […] Post op considerations include assessing airway for stridor or obstruction, having tracheostomy equipment nearby, minimal talking to avoid airway irritation, and monitoring for low calcium from removal of parathyroid glands. […] Signs would be numbness, tingling, and muscle spasm. […] Thyroid hormone replacement is necessary after surgery. […] Radiation safety is important, and patients should be educated about reducing exposure to family members and staff. […] Monitoring airway and signs of hypocalcemia is crucial after a thyroidectomy.
#32 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Body Image Enhancement: Discuss body image concerns and provide support. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about thyroid cancer, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Continuously assess and ensure the patient maintains a clear airway. […] Regularly assess pain levels and the effectiveness of interventions. […] Evaluate the patients and familys understanding of thyroid cancer and their adherence to the treatment plan. […] Routinely assess the patients emotional state and effectiveness of support provided. […] This care plan is aimed at providing comprehensive management of thyroid cancer, with a focus on symptom relief, monitoring and managing potential complications and providing psychological support. Personalizing care based on individual patient needs and the specific type of thyroid cancer is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes.
#33 Supportive care for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/supportive-care
Supportive care helps people meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of thyroid cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from thyroid cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each person. Recovery depends on the stage of the cancer, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Hypothyroidism is treated with thyroid hormone therapy using levothyroxine (Synthroid, Eltroxin). This drug replaces thyroxine, which is the hormone normally made by the thyroid. […] Hypocalcemia is usually treated with calcium pills (called supplements). Sometimes vitamin D pills are given as well. How long calcium and vitamin D supplements are taken depends on when or if the parathyroid glands recover and function normally. Some people need to take these supplements for the rest of their life so they dont have symptoms of hypocalcemia. […] To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your healthcare team questions about supportive care.
#34 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#35 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
Early assessment of risk factors and identification of adverse events can help nurses support these patients throughout their clinical-therapeutic pathway, increasing the benefits of treatment and reducing reduction/discontinuation. […] The prevention and timely management of TKI-related AEs are strategic points in these long therapeutic pathways to keep patients on therapy for as long as possible. […] The contribution of a multidisciplinary healthcare professional team (HCPs) is recommended in the management of TKIs, as is the support of a caregiver in the early stages of the therapeutic pathway. […] EKG, cardiological examination and blood tests should be carried out before starting treatment with TKIs, and then repeated at baseline and after 24812 weeks, possibly with performing an endocrinological or oncological examination every 15 days in the first two months of treatment.
#36 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
Early assessment of risk factors and identification of adverse events can help nurses support these patients throughout their clinical-therapeutic pathway, increasing the benefits of treatment and reducing reduction/discontinuation. […] The prevention and timely management of TKI-related AEs are strategic points in these long therapeutic pathways to keep patients on therapy for as long as possible. […] The contribution of a multidisciplinary healthcare professional team (HCPs) is recommended in the management of TKIs, as is the support of a caregiver in the early stages of the therapeutic pathway. […] EKG, cardiological examination and blood tests should be carried out before starting treatment with TKIs, and then repeated at baseline and after 24812 weeks, possibly with performing an endocrinological or oncological examination every 15 days in the first two months of treatment.
#37 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#38 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Body Image Enhancement: Discuss body image concerns and provide support. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about thyroid cancer, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Continuously assess and ensure the patient maintains a clear airway. […] Regularly assess pain levels and the effectiveness of interventions. […] Evaluate the patients and familys understanding of thyroid cancer and their adherence to the treatment plan. […] Routinely assess the patients emotional state and effectiveness of support provided. […] This care plan is aimed at providing comprehensive management of thyroid cancer, with a focus on symptom relief, monitoring and managing potential complications and providing psychological support. Personalizing care based on individual patient needs and the specific type of thyroid cancer is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes.
#39 6 Thyroidectomy Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
https://nurseslabs.com/thyroidectomy-nursing-care-plans/
Patient education for post-operative patients who underwent thyroidectomy includes providing information about the surgical procedure, expected post-operative symptoms, wound care instructions, following the prescribed medication regimen, monitoring for signs of complications, and scheduling follow-up appointments. […] Discuss the possibility of a change in voice. Alteration in vocal cord function may cause changes in pitch and quality of voice, which may be temporary or permanent.
#40 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Be sure the patient understands all medications, including the dosage, route, action, and adverse effects. Explain that the patient needs routine follow-up laboratory tests to check TSH and thyroxine (T4) levels. Be sure the patient knows when the first postoperative physicians visit is scheduled. […] Instruct the patient on thyroid hormone replacement and follow-up blood tests. […] Stress the need for periodic evaluation for recurrence of malignancy.
#41 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Be sure the patient understands all medications, including the dosage, route, action, and adverse effects. Explain that the patient needs routine follow-up laboratory tests to check TSH and thyroxine (T4) levels. Be sure the patient knows when the first postoperative physicians visit is scheduled. […] Instruct the patient on thyroid hormone replacement and follow-up blood tests. […] Stress the need for periodic evaluation for recurrence of malignancy.
#42 Nursing Care Plan for Thyroid Cancer ~ Lifenurses
http://www.lifenurses.com/2011/03/nursing-care-plan-for-thyroid-cancer.html
Nursing Diagnosis Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance Related to: Tracheal obstruction, swelling, bleeding, laryngeal spasms. […] Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Verbal Communication Related to: Vocal cord injury, laryngeal nerve damage. Tissue edema; pain and discomfort […] Nursing Diagnosis Risk For Injury Related to: tetany, thyroid storm. Chemical imbalance, such as with hypocalcemia, increased release of thyroid hormones, excessive central nervous system (CNS) stimulation […] Nursing Diagnosis Deficient Knowledge Regarding Condition, Prognosis, Treatment, Self-Care, And Discharge Needs Related to: Lack of exposure and recall; misinterpretation, Unfamiliarity with information resources […] Patient Teaching Thyroid Cancer Patient Teaching discharge and Home Health Guidance for Patient with Thyroid Cancer. To maintain a euthyroid state, teach family and patient sign and symptoms of hypothyroidism for early detection of problems: weakness, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, facial puffiness, periorbital edema, bradycardia, and hypothermia.
#43 Nursing Considerations for Thyroid Cancer Survivorship Care | Oncology Nursing Society
https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/09-2021/nursing-considerations-thyroid-cancer-survivorship
Fear of recurrence and secondary cancers are also common in this patient population, especially for those diagnosed at a young age. Patients have also reported experiencing anxiety, depression, and fatigue following treatment. […] Thyroid cancer survivors will need to be followed by a primary care physician after treatment, especially if their thyroid was removed and they are on thyroid hormone therapy to ensure their hormones are kept at the appropriate level.
#44 A Psychological Nursing Intervention for Patients With Thyroid Cancer on Psychological Distress and Quality of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32187128/
The present research aimed to investigate the impact of a psychological nursing intervention on psychological distress and quality of life of thyroid cancer patients. […] In addition to routine nursing care, patients in the intervention group were given additional psychological nursing interventions. […] The intervention group showed remarkably alleviated depression, anxiety, and mood disturbance when compared to the control group. […] In conclusion, our findings suggest that a psychological nursing intervention could reduce psychological distress and enhance the life quality of thyroid cancer patients, which could have clinical value to the treatment of thyroid cancer.
#45 Treatment & Management of Thyroid Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)
https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/thyroid-cancer/treatment-management-of-thyroid-cancer
Treatment for thyroid cancer is tailored to each individual and may include surgery, radiation, and or systemic therapy with precision cancer medicines, immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The specific treatment depends on the type, stage and genomic profile of the cancer. […] The standard initial treatment for all thyroid cancers typically includes surgical removal of the thyroid. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is often used in some patients with follicular or papillary cell-derived thyroid cancers. The majority of individuals with follicular or papillary cancer are cured by standard therapy, however a small fraction of follicular and papillary as well as many medullary and almost all anaplastic thyroid cancers are not cured and instead spread to distant metastatic sites. […] Patients with early stage thyroid cancer are curable with surgical removal of the cancer. Surgery to remove the entire thyroid is called a total thyroidectomy. Partial removal of the thyroid is called a lobectomy. The choice of procedure depends on age of the patient and the size of the cancer.
#46 Treatment of Thyroid Cancer, by Type and Stage | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/treating/by-stage.html
Most papillary thyroid cancers are treated with surgery. This is most often a total thyroidectomy (in which the entire thyroid is removed), although some small tumors can be treated with a lobectomy (just removing the side of the thyroid containing the tumor). […] For people who do have surgery, if the nearby lymph nodes are enlarged or show signs of cancer spread, they will also be removed. […] Treatment after surgery depends on the risk of the cancer coming back (which is based on the stage of the cancer and other factors). […] For cancers with a lower risk of coming back, no further treatment is usually needed. […] For cancers with a higher risk of coming back (or cancers that are not removed completely with surgery), radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is often given several weeks after thyroidectomy. The goal is to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue and to try to treat any cancer remaining in the body.
#47 Treatment & Management of Thyroid Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)
https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/thyroid-cancer/treatment-management-of-thyroid-cancer
Treatment for thyroid cancer is tailored to each individual and may include surgery, radiation, and or systemic therapy with precision cancer medicines, immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The specific treatment depends on the type, stage and genomic profile of the cancer. […] The standard initial treatment for all thyroid cancers typically includes surgical removal of the thyroid. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is often used in some patients with follicular or papillary cell-derived thyroid cancers. The majority of individuals with follicular or papillary cancer are cured by standard therapy, however a small fraction of follicular and papillary as well as many medullary and almost all anaplastic thyroid cancers are not cured and instead spread to distant metastatic sites. […] Patients with early stage thyroid cancer are curable with surgical removal of the cancer. Surgery to remove the entire thyroid is called a total thyroidectomy. Partial removal of the thyroid is called a lobectomy. The choice of procedure depends on age of the patient and the size of the cancer.
#48 Treatment & Management of Thyroid Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)
https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/thyroid-cancer/treatment-management-of-thyroid-cancer
Research indicates that treatment with RAI improves survival for patients with thyroid cancer that has spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant locations in the body. […] External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) can be used to treat certain patients with thyroid cancer. […] IMRT appears to reduce the chance of injury to healthy body structures that are near the cancer while delivering higher doses of radiation to the cancer. In the treatment of thyroid cancer, this means that sensitive cells in the neck area such as the cells that line the throat may be spared from radiation damage, reducing side effects and improving quality of life. […] Systemic therapy is any treatment directed at destroying cancer cells throughout the body. Some patients with early stage cancer already have small amounts of cancer that have spread outside the thyroid. These cancer cells cannot be treated with surgery alone and require systemic treatment to decrease the chance of cancer recurrence. Advanced stage and recurrent cancers and Anaplastic thyroid cancer that cannot be treated with surgery can only be treated with systemic therapy.
#49 Thyroid Cancer: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12210-thyroid-cancer
Radiation kills cancer cells and stops them from growing. External radiation therapy uses a machine to deliver strong beams of energy directly to the tumor site. Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) involves placing radioactive seeds in or around the tumor. […] Intravenous or oral chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells and stop cancer growth. Very few people diagnosed with thyroid cancer will ever need chemotherapy. […] This treatment blocks the release of hormones that can cause cancer to spread or come back. […] Thyroid cancer can recur (come back), even after treatment. Because thyroid cancer grows slowly, it could take up to 20 years to come back. Recurrence happens in up to 30% of thyroid cancer cases. […] Overall, thyroid cancer prognosis (outlook) is positive. But its important to know that after thyroid surgery or treatments, your body still needs thyroid hormones to function. Youll need thyroid hormone replacement therapy for life. Synthetic thyroid hormones, such as levothyroxine (Synthroid), take over for the thyroid hormones that your body no longer naturally produces.
#50 Thyroid Cancer Treatment – NCI
https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/thyroid-treatment-pdq
Thyroid cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the thyroid gland. […] Signs of thyroid cancer include a swelling or lump in the neck. […] Tests that examine the thyroid, neck, and blood are used to diagnose thyroid cancer. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. […] There are different types of treatment for patients with thyroid cancer. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for thyroid cancer. […] Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. […] Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. […] Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cancer cells from growing.
#51 Treatment of Thyroid Cancer, by Type and Stage | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/treating/by-stage.html
People who have had a thyroidectomy will need to take daily thyroid hormone therapy, although it is often not started right away. […] Total thyroidectomy (removing the entire thyroid gland) is the main treatment for stage I or stage II MTC, and it can often cure these cancers. […] Because the thyroid gland is removed, you will need thyroid hormone therapy to keep you healthy, although it doesn’t reduce the risk that the cancer will come back. […] If the cancer recurs in the neck or elsewhere, surgery, external radiation therapy, targeted therapy drugs (such as vandetanib or cabozantinib), or chemotherapy may be options. […] Surgery is often not as helpful for anaplastic thyroid cancer as it is for other types of thyroid cancer. […] If the cancer is confined to the area around the thyroid, which is rare, the entire thyroid and nearby lymph nodes may be removed. […] Because anaplastic thyroid cancer cells don’t take up radioactive iodine, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy isn’t helpful in treating this type of cancer. […] For cancers that have spread, chemotherapy alone can be used.
#52 Thyroid Cancer Treatment – NCI
https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/thyroid-treatment-pdq
Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. […] Watchful waiting is closely monitoring a patient’s condition without giving any treatment until signs or symptoms appear or change. […] Treatment for thyroid cancer may cause side effects. […] Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. […] Follow-up tests may be needed. […] Treatment of recurrent papillary and follicular thyroid cancer may include the following: Surgery to remove the tumor with or without radioactive iodine therapy. […] Treatment of localized medullary thyroid cancer may include the following: Total thyroidectomy if the cancer has not spread to other parts of the body. […] Treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer may include the following: Total thyroidectomy as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients whose cancer is in or near the thyroid.
#53 Thyroid cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354167
Most people diagnosed with thyroid cancer have an excellent prognosis, as most thyroid cancers can be cured with treatment. […] Treatment might not be needed right away for very small papillary thyroid cancers (papillary microcarcinomas) because these cancers have a low risk of growing or spreading. As an alternative to surgery or other treatments, you might consider active surveillance with frequent monitoring of the cancer. Your health care provider might recommend blood tests and an ultrasound exam of your neck once or twice a year. […] Most people with thyroid cancer that requires treatment will undergo surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid. Which operation your health care team might recommend depends on your type of thyroid cancer, the size of the cancer and whether the cancer has spread beyond the thyroid to the lymph nodes. Your care team also considers your preferences when creating a treatment plan.
#54 Treatment & Management of Thyroid Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)
https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/thyroid-cancer/treatment-management-of-thyroid-cancer
Treatment for thyroid cancer is tailored to each individual and may include surgery, radiation, and or systemic therapy with precision cancer medicines, immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The specific treatment depends on the type, stage and genomic profile of the cancer. […] The standard initial treatment for all thyroid cancers typically includes surgical removal of the thyroid. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is often used in some patients with follicular or papillary cell-derived thyroid cancers. The majority of individuals with follicular or papillary cancer are cured by standard therapy, however a small fraction of follicular and papillary as well as many medullary and almost all anaplastic thyroid cancers are not cured and instead spread to distant metastatic sites. […] Patients with early stage thyroid cancer are curable with surgical removal of the cancer. Surgery to remove the entire thyroid is called a total thyroidectomy. Partial removal of the thyroid is called a lobectomy. The choice of procedure depends on age of the patient and the size of the cancer.
#55 Thyroid Cancer
https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/colorado-cancer-center/for-patients-families/cancers-we-treat/thyroid-cancer
Chemotherapy is rare used to treat thyroid cancer. […] Thyroid hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that either removes certain hormones or blocks their usual actions and stops cancer cells from growing. […] Targeted therapy is a treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells. […] Watchful waiting means closely monitoring a patients signs and symptoms without treatment, and reassessing if those signs and symptoms change. […] At any given time, the UCCC offers a wide variety of clinical trials for patients with thyroid cancer.
#56 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are an effective and promising therapy in the treatment of advanced differentiated medullary thyroid cancers. The prevention and management of new adverse events of these drugs are important to keep patients on their treatment course, avoiding drug discontinuation or interruption, and are associated with a faster recovery of the disease. The contribution of a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals optimizes the management of adverse events, maximizing the benefits and reducing the risks of treatment, consequently improving the quality of life of patients. […] The purpose of this narrative review was the description, prevention, and nursing management of the most frequent adverse events of locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer with sorafenib and lenvatinib, and medullary Thyroid cancer with vandetanib and cabozantinib treatment.
#57 Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC): Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23382-papillary-thyroid-cancer-ptc
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer. It usually has an excellent prognosis and treatment, most commonly surgery, and is often successful. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for PTC. Depending on the tumors size and location, your surgeon may remove part of your thyroid gland (lobectomy) or all of your gland (thyroidectomy). If you have cancer present in the lymph nodes of your neck, your surgeon may remove the affected lymph nodes at the time of the initial thyroid surgery or as a second procedure. […] Permanent hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels) is an expected side effect of thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy. Because of this, you’ll need to take replacement thyroid hormone medication for the rest of your life if you undergo either or both of these treatments.
#58 Supportive care for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/supportive-care
Supportive care helps people meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of thyroid cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from thyroid cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each person. Recovery depends on the stage of the cancer, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Hypothyroidism is treated with thyroid hormone therapy using levothyroxine (Synthroid, Eltroxin). This drug replaces thyroxine, which is the hormone normally made by the thyroid. […] Hypocalcemia is usually treated with calcium pills (called supplements). Sometimes vitamin D pills are given as well. How long calcium and vitamin D supplements are taken depends on when or if the parathyroid glands recover and function normally. Some people need to take these supplements for the rest of their life so they dont have symptoms of hypocalcemia. […] To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your healthcare team questions about supportive care.
#59 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
The management of AEs depends on the level of severity: a dose reduction may be sufficient for mild toxicity (1), while for grade 2 and 3 toxicities, medical therapy and interruption of treatment may be necessary, even permanently so in case of grade 4 toxicity. […] A proactive educational nursing approach aimed at the prevention and correct management of toxicities during therapy, together with a contribution of a multidisciplinary healthcare team, is essential in optimizing therapeutic adherence, satisfying a patient’s need for information, maximizing benefits, reducing risks and medication errors, and positively impacting the QoL of both patient and their family.
#60 Life after surgery | Thyroid cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/thyroid-cancer/living-with/after-thyroid-surgery
Thyroid surgery is a major operation. Most people recover in a few weeks, but the recovery time may take longer for some people. If you are worried about anything, let your doctor or nurse know. They will be happy to answer any questions. […] After any operation you need time for your body to recover and your wound to heal. You should be able to go back to all the things you were doing before your thyroid operation within a few weeks. […] Tell the doctor or specialist nurse if you have any pain so that they can give you the right medicine to help you. […] The exercises are to help prevent any permanent stiffness. Be sure to do them every day or as often as you have been told by the physiotherapist. If you continue to have problems, then contact your doctor or specialist nurse. […] Wound infection is a possible complication after any surgery. To help prevent any infection once you are at home it is important to: leave your dressings in place until you’re told to remove them; keep your neck wound clean and dry until it’s completely healed; expose your neck wound to the air when possible but avoid direct sunlight; not go swimming until your wound is completely healed; avoid knocking or putting pressure on your wound.
#61 Life after surgery | Thyroid cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/thyroid-cancer/living-with/after-thyroid-surgery
Tell your doctor straight away if your neck starts to become red, swollen or more painful, or you have a high temperature (fever), or you have oozing from the wound. You may have an infection and need a course of antibiotics to stop it getting worse. […] It is also important that you eat a nutritious diet to help with healing. If you are having trouble with eating, a dietician may help. You can ask your doctor for a referral to see the hospital dietician. […] The surgeons might remove your whole thyroid gland. If they do, you need to take tablets to replace the hormones that your thyroid would normally make. This is called thyroid hormone replacement. […] Your doctor or specialist nurse will talk to you about which hormones you need to take and the correct dose. […] To avoid any strain on your neck wound you shouldn’t lift any heavy objects for about 2 weeks after thyroid surgery.
#62 Living as a Thyroid Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html
For other people, thyroid cancer might not go away completely, or it might come back in another part of the body. In this case, you might need regular treatments to help keep the cancer under control for as long as possible. Learning to live with cancer that doesn’t go away can be difficult and very stressful. […] Whether or not you’ve completed treatment, your cancer care team will want to watch you closely. It’s very important to go to all follow-up appointments. During these visits, they will examine you and ask about your symptoms. They might also order blood tests or imaging tests such as radioiodine scans or ultrasounds. […] This follow-up care is needed to check for cancer recurrence or spread, as well as possible side effects of certain treatments. This is the time for you to ask your cancer care team any questions and to discuss any concerns you might have.
#63 Living as a Thyroid Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html
For other people, thyroid cancer might not go away completely, or it might come back in another part of the body. In this case, you might need regular treatments to help keep the cancer under control for as long as possible. Learning to live with cancer that doesn’t go away can be difficult and very stressful. […] Whether or not you’ve completed treatment, your cancer care team will want to watch you closely. It’s very important to go to all follow-up appointments. During these visits, they will examine you and ask about your symptoms. They might also order blood tests or imaging tests such as radioiodine scans or ultrasounds. […] This follow-up care is needed to check for cancer recurrence or spread, as well as possible side effects of certain treatments. This is the time for you to ask your cancer care team any questions and to discuss any concerns you might have.
#64 Living as a Thyroid Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html
Most people do very well after treatment, but follow-up care is very important. Since most thyroid cancers grow slowly, they can recur even 10 to 20 years after initial treatment. […] If your cancer does come back at some point, your treatment options will depend on where the cancer is, what treatments you’ve had before, and your current health and preferences. […] Treatment options might include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or some combination of these. […] If you’ve had medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), your health care team will check the levels of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in your blood regularly. If these begin to rise, imaging tests such as an ultrasound of the neck, or a CT, MRI, or PET scan may be done to look for any signs of the cancer coming back.
#65 Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC): Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23382-papillary-thyroid-cancer-ptc
If you had your thyroid removed and/or had radioactive iodine therapy as part of treatment, you’ll need to take thyroid hormone medication for the rest of your life. Your healthcare provider will want to monitor your thyroid hormone levels throughout your life to make sure your medication dosage is working for you.
#66 Living as a Thyroid Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html
Talk with your doctor about creating a survivorship care plan for you. This plan might include a suggested schedule for follow-up exams and tests, a list of possible late- or long-term side effects from your treatment, including what to watch for and when you should contact your health care team, and reminders to keep your appointments with your primary care provider (PCP), who will monitor your general health. […] Some amount of feeling depressed, anxious, or worried is normal when thyroid cancer is a part of your life. Some people are affected more than others. But everyone can benefit from help and support, whether that’s from friends and family, religious groups, support groups, professional counselors, or others.
#67
https://journals.lww.com/cancernursingonline/fulltext/2024/09000/disease_experience_of_patients_with_differentiated.7.aspx
As the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) continues to rise globally, it is important to gain insight into the disease experience of cancer patients at different phases of the disease. […] The experience, care needs, and nature of the needs of patients with DTC change dynamically with the different phases of the disease. Capturing the most appropriate time throughout the continuum of care to implement supportive care that patients need most will help to improve the continuity and precision of cancer care. […] Healthcare providers should provide a continuum of dynamic care by scientifically and systematically assessing the actual supportive care needs of patients with DTC according to their different phases of disease. […] Despite the relatively favorable long-term outcomes of DTC patients, patients have higher levels of psychological distress than the general population and have similar levels of quality of life to other cancer patients with the worst survival rates, suggesting that emotional distress persists after the end of treatment.
#68 Living as a Thyroid Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html
Talk with your doctor about creating a survivorship care plan for you. This plan might include a suggested schedule for follow-up exams and tests, a list of possible late- or long-term side effects from your treatment, including what to watch for and when you should contact your health care team, and reminders to keep your appointments with your primary care provider (PCP), who will monitor your general health. […] Some amount of feeling depressed, anxious, or worried is normal when thyroid cancer is a part of your life. Some people are affected more than others. But everyone can benefit from help and support, whether that’s from friends and family, religious groups, support groups, professional counselors, or others.
#69 Nursing Considerations for Thyroid Cancer Survivorship Care | Oncology Nursing Society
https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/09-2021/nursing-considerations-thyroid-cancer-survivorship
Fear of recurrence and secondary cancers are also common in this patient population, especially for those diagnosed at a young age. Patients have also reported experiencing anxiety, depression, and fatigue following treatment. […] Thyroid cancer survivors will need to be followed by a primary care physician after treatment, especially if their thyroid was removed and they are on thyroid hormone therapy to ensure their hormones are kept at the appropriate level.
#70
https://journals.lww.com/cancernursingonline/fulltext/2024/09000/disease_experience_of_patients_with_differentiated.7.aspx
Results from a longitudinal study showed that almost half of participants with thyroid cancer reported emotional problems and unmet needs related to the psychological domain, even at different phases of follow-up. […] However, most current clinical care is mainly disease oriented and often ignores the various needs of patients at different phases of the disease. […] The main themes and needs were identified in each of the 5 phases: disease knowledge popularization and emotional support during the diagnosis phase due to differences in the acceptance of diagnostic information; preoperative education and symptomatic improvement required during the perioperative phase due to physical and psychological distress; the support needed during the discharge preparation phase due to anxiety and helplessness, and gap in disease knowledge to improve the quality of discharge teaching and stockpile home rehabilitation knowledge; appropriate psychological support is the primary need during the discharge adjustment phase due to fear of recurrence; and the multiple needs during the discharge adaptation phase are information needs and communication needs. […] Therefore, there is a great need to provide supportive care to patients according to their phase of illness and dynamic needs.
#71
https://journals.lww.com/cancernursingonline/fulltext/2024/09000/disease_experience_of_patients_with_differentiated.7.aspx
As the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) continues to rise globally, it is important to gain insight into the disease experience of cancer patients at different phases of the disease. […] The experience, care needs, and nature of the needs of patients with DTC change dynamically with the different phases of the disease. Capturing the most appropriate time throughout the continuum of care to implement supportive care that patients need most will help to improve the continuity and precision of cancer care. […] Healthcare providers should provide a continuum of dynamic care by scientifically and systematically assessing the actual supportive care needs of patients with DTC according to their different phases of disease. […] Despite the relatively favorable long-term outcomes of DTC patients, patients have higher levels of psychological distress than the general population and have similar levels of quality of life to other cancer patients with the worst survival rates, suggesting that emotional distress persists after the end of treatment.
#72 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
Early assessment of risk factors and identification of adverse events can help nurses support these patients throughout their clinical-therapeutic pathway, increasing the benefits of treatment and reducing reduction/discontinuation. […] The prevention and timely management of TKI-related AEs are strategic points in these long therapeutic pathways to keep patients on therapy for as long as possible. […] The contribution of a multidisciplinary healthcare professional team (HCPs) is recommended in the management of TKIs, as is the support of a caregiver in the early stages of the therapeutic pathway. […] EKG, cardiological examination and blood tests should be carried out before starting treatment with TKIs, and then repeated at baseline and after 24812 weeks, possibly with performing an endocrinological or oncological examination every 15 days in the first two months of treatment.
#73
https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/thyroid-cancer/
At Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, our multidisciplinary team of thyroid cancer experts is dedicated to providing exceptional care in a comprehensive setting. […] Winship has access to cutting-edge diagnostic methods, advanced treatment options and innovative clinical trials. […] Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University is equipped with the newest, most advanced practices and treatments for thyroid cancer. […] Our care team provides patients with the latest, most effective practices and treatments for a thyroid tumor. […] Winships cancer care team is dedicated to providing an accurate diagnosis, delivering the best possible care and closely monitoring a patients condition following thyroid surgery and treatment. […] The thyroid cancer team at Winship consists of world-class clinicians and specialists who work across multiple disciplines to provide the very best thyroid cancer care.
#74
https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/thyroid-cancer/
Our care team includes endocrinologists, head and neck surgeons, endocrine surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, medical and radiation oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, pharmacists and advanced practice nurses. […] At Winship, a personalized, data-driven and innovative treatment approach is critical for delivering therapies that make a difference. […] Each patient case goes through a robust clinical review through Winships Multidisciplinary Thyroid Tumor Conference. […] Your individualized treatment plan considers the size and location of the tumor, the type of thyroid cancer, the thyroid cancer stage, whether the cancer has spread and the patients overall health. […] Our team of experts use advanced diagnosis tests and procedures to diagnose thyroid tumors with accuracy and to prepare the most effective thyroid cancer treatment plan possible.
#75
https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/thyroid-cancer/
At Winship, thyroid cancer patients have access to the latest research studies underway on a national scale. […] Our thyroid cancer specialists have trained at world-class institutions all over the world. […] Our comprehensive, coordinated approach allows Winship to provide the very best in thyroid cancer treatment. […] If you have been diagnosed with cancer, we’re here for you. […] Our promise is to provide you with support, exceptional care and an individualized plan utilizing the most advanced treatment possible, and even a second opinion. […] We’ll be with you and your caregiver every step of the way from diagnosis to treatment and long after.
#76 Thyroid Cancer Care Team | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/thyroid-cancer/care-team.html
At Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, we surround you with experts who focus completely on cancer care. A handful of people make up the core of your care team. You will have a medical oncologist and a registered nurse who are experienced in caring for people with thyroid cancer. […] Supportive care providers are also here to help. You may see Fred Hutch registered dietitians, physical therapists, psychologists, social workers and others. All of them specialize in caring for people during and after cancer. […] Your registered nurse manages your care with your physician. They also help with procedures and treatments. Nurses are resources for you and your caregiver. They can answer questions on a wide range of topics, like how to deal with side effects or get other services you need at Fred Hutch. […] This physician does surgery to remove as much of your cancer as possible, along with an area of healthy tissue around the cancer.
#77 Thyroid Cancer Care | Thyroid Cancer Specialists | Virtua Health
https://www.virtua.org/Services/Cancer-Care/Thyroid-Cancer
Virtua Healths highly experienced thyroid cancer specialists help you overcome thyroid cancer with surgical expertise and attentive care. […] If youve been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, its important to know that its one of the most treatable forms of cancer. Youre in trusted, highly experienced hands with Virtuas thyroid cancer specialists. […] Surgery is the primary treatment option for thyroid cancer, and Virtua surgeons offer minimally invasive options that provide quicker recovery and return to normal activities. […] Your oncology nurse navigator provides personalized support before, during, and after cancer treatment. Your nurse navigator can answer questions about your diagnosis and treatment, streamline communications with your medical team, schedule your treatments or follow-up care appointments, and connect you and your family with support services.
#78 Thyroid Cancer Treatment – San Diego – Scripps Health
https://www.scripps.org/services/cancer-care/thyroid-cancer-treatment
Your thyroid cancer treatment plan generally includes: Family and medical history, A summary of your cancer diagnosis and staging information, Diagnostic testing completed (e.g., imaging, biopsy, lab tests), Plans for surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and/or other treatments, Potential side effects of treatments, Contact information for your cancer care team members. […] We are here for you not only as your oncologists, but as a robust multidisciplinary team of experts who understands that your cancer journey is about much more than your medical treatment. Specifically, Scripps Cancer Center offers a variety of patient support services to ensure your physical, psychological and emotional well-being as well as resources for dealing with the logistical and financial aspects of cancer care. […] Oncology nurses and nurse navigators with extensive clinical expertise in cancer care to help guide you and your caregivers to make informed decisions and ensure your optimal care. […] Palliative care to provide an extra layer of supportive care to manage pain and relieve symptoms, offer emotional and spiritual support, and improve your quality of life.
#79 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Monitor thyroid hormone levels, particularly if the patient undergoes thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy. […] Evaluate the patients and familys emotional and psychological response to the diagnosis and treatment. […] Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to compression by thyroid mass or postoperative swelling. […] Acute Pain related to the tumor, treatment procedures, or surgery. […] Knowledge Deficit related to thyroid cancer and its treatment. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and potential changes in body image. […] Thyroid Function Monitoring: Regularly assess thyroid hormone levels to guide treatment and medication adjustments. […] Emotional Support: Provide psychological support and refer to counseling services as needed. […] Communication Assistance: Assist with communication strategies if vocal cord function is affected.
#80 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
The management of AEs depends on the level of severity: a dose reduction may be sufficient for mild toxicity (1), while for grade 2 and 3 toxicities, medical therapy and interruption of treatment may be necessary, even permanently so in case of grade 4 toxicity. […] A proactive educational nursing approach aimed at the prevention and correct management of toxicities during therapy, together with a contribution of a multidisciplinary healthcare team, is essential in optimizing therapeutic adherence, satisfying a patient’s need for information, maximizing benefits, reducing risks and medication errors, and positively impacting the QoL of both patient and their family.
#81 Thyroid Cancer: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12210-thyroid-cancer
If you receive a thyroid cancer diagnosis during pregnancy, your healthcare provider can discuss treatment options. Depending on the cancer type and severity, your provider may recommend delaying treatment until after you deliver your baby. If treatment cant wait, most people can safely undergo surgery to remove the cancerous gland. […] Recovery depends on several factors, including your age, the size and stage of your thyroid tumor, and what type of treatment you received. Talk to your healthcare provider about what to expect during and after your thyroid cancer treatment. […] Yes, most thyroid cancers are curable with treatment, especially if the cancer cells havent spread to distant parts of your body. If treatment doesnt fully cure thyroid cancer, your healthcare provider can design a treatment plan to destroy as much of the tumor as possible and prevent it from growing back or spreading.
#82 Living as a Thyroid Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html
Most people do very well after treatment, but follow-up care is very important. Since most thyroid cancers grow slowly, they can recur even 10 to 20 years after initial treatment. […] If your cancer does come back at some point, your treatment options will depend on where the cancer is, what treatments you’ve had before, and your current health and preferences. […] Treatment options might include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or some combination of these. […] If you’ve had medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), your health care team will check the levels of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in your blood regularly. If these begin to rise, imaging tests such as an ultrasound of the neck, or a CT, MRI, or PET scan may be done to look for any signs of the cancer coming back.
#83 Treatment of Thyroid Cancer, by Type and Stage | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/treating/by-stage.html
People who have had a thyroidectomy will need to take daily thyroid hormone therapy, although it is often not started right away. […] Total thyroidectomy (removing the entire thyroid gland) is the main treatment for stage I or stage II MTC, and it can often cure these cancers. […] Because the thyroid gland is removed, you will need thyroid hormone therapy to keep you healthy, although it doesn’t reduce the risk that the cancer will come back. […] If the cancer recurs in the neck or elsewhere, surgery, external radiation therapy, targeted therapy drugs (such as vandetanib or cabozantinib), or chemotherapy may be options. […] Surgery is often not as helpful for anaplastic thyroid cancer as it is for other types of thyroid cancer. […] If the cancer is confined to the area around the thyroid, which is rare, the entire thyroid and nearby lymph nodes may be removed. […] Because anaplastic thyroid cancer cells don’t take up radioactive iodine, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy isn’t helpful in treating this type of cancer. […] For cancers that have spread, chemotherapy alone can be used.
#84 Thyroid cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354167
After surgery to remove all or most of the thyroid, you might have blood tests to see if all of the thyroid cancer has been removed. […] Thyroid hormone therapy is a treatment to replace or supplement the hormones produced in the thyroid. Thyroid hormone therapy medication is usually taken in pill form. It can be used to replace thyroid hormones after surgery. […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your health care team to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care.
#85
https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/cancer/thyroid-cancer/anaplastic-thyroid-cancer
Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in managing anaplastic thyroid cancer by shrinking the tumor, controlling its growth and easing associated symptoms such as pain or difficulty swallowing. Additionally, radiation therapy could target any remaining cancer cells if you had surgery. […] Chemotherapy drugs may be employed to slow the progression of anaplastic thyroid cancer. While chemotherapy may not clear you of cancer, it can offer temporary relief or enhance quality of life for some people. […] Palliative care is integral to managing anaplastic thyroid cancer and supporting both you and your family through the physical and emotional challenges of the disease and its treatment. Palliative care services may include pain management, nutritional support, help managing your symptoms and mental support for you and your family.
#86 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
Early assessment of risk factors and identification of adverse events can help nurses support these patients throughout their clinical-therapeutic pathway, increasing the benefits of treatment and reducing reduction/discontinuation. […] The prevention and timely management of TKI-related AEs are strategic points in these long therapeutic pathways to keep patients on therapy for as long as possible. […] The contribution of a multidisciplinary healthcare professional team (HCPs) is recommended in the management of TKIs, as is the support of a caregiver in the early stages of the therapeutic pathway. […] EKG, cardiological examination and blood tests should be carried out before starting treatment with TKIs, and then repeated at baseline and after 24812 weeks, possibly with performing an endocrinological or oncological examination every 15 days in the first two months of treatment.
#87 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Body Image Enhancement: Discuss body image concerns and provide support. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about thyroid cancer, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Continuously assess and ensure the patient maintains a clear airway. […] Regularly assess pain levels and the effectiveness of interventions. […] Evaluate the patients and familys understanding of thyroid cancer and their adherence to the treatment plan. […] Routinely assess the patients emotional state and effectiveness of support provided. […] This care plan is aimed at providing comprehensive management of thyroid cancer, with a focus on symptom relief, monitoring and managing potential complications and providing psychological support. Personalizing care based on individual patient needs and the specific type of thyroid cancer is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes.
#88 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are an effective and promising therapy in the treatment of advanced differentiated medullary thyroid cancers. The prevention and management of new adverse events of these drugs are important to keep patients on their treatment course, avoiding drug discontinuation or interruption, and are associated with a faster recovery of the disease. The contribution of a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals optimizes the management of adverse events, maximizing the benefits and reducing the risks of treatment, consequently improving the quality of life of patients. […] The purpose of this narrative review was the description, prevention, and nursing management of the most frequent adverse events of locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer with sorafenib and lenvatinib, and medullary Thyroid cancer with vandetanib and cabozantinib treatment.
#89 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-thyroid-cancer
Body Image Enhancement: Discuss body image concerns and provide support. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about thyroid cancer, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Continuously assess and ensure the patient maintains a clear airway. […] Regularly assess pain levels and the effectiveness of interventions. […] Evaluate the patients and familys understanding of thyroid cancer and their adherence to the treatment plan. […] Routinely assess the patients emotional state and effectiveness of support provided. […] This care plan is aimed at providing comprehensive management of thyroid cancer, with a focus on symptom relief, monitoring and managing potential complications and providing psychological support. Personalizing care based on individual patient needs and the specific type of thyroid cancer is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes.
#90 Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8656717/
Early assessment of risk factors and identification of adverse events can help nurses support these patients throughout their clinical-therapeutic pathway, increasing the benefits of treatment and reducing reduction/discontinuation. […] The prevention and timely management of TKI-related AEs are strategic points in these long therapeutic pathways to keep patients on therapy for as long as possible. […] The contribution of a multidisciplinary healthcare professional team (HCPs) is recommended in the management of TKIs, as is the support of a caregiver in the early stages of the therapeutic pathway. […] EKG, cardiological examination and blood tests should be carried out before starting treatment with TKIs, and then repeated at baseline and after 24812 weeks, possibly with performing an endocrinological or oncological examination every 15 days in the first two months of treatment.
#91 Thyroid Cancer
https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/colorado-cancer-center/for-patients-families/cancers-we-treat/thyroid-cancer
The Cancer Center is home to a variety of specialists with expertise in treated thyroid cancer. […] The CU Endocrinology Thyroid Program, with a nationally recognized team specializing in the evaluation and management of thyroid cancer, that provides innovative, personalized care from diagnosis through treatment of advanced disease. […] Experts in the Endocrine Thyroid Program use on-site advanced technology to offer cutting-edge evaluation, and are part of a multi-disciplinary approach to providing comprehensive, state-of-the-art treatment options. […] The program also features UCH Thrive, a clinical program for patients with thyroid cancer who are stable or in remission. It emphasizes overall health and well-being, shifting the focus from active cancer treatment to monitoring disease stability.
#92 Thyroid Cancer | Holden
https://cancer.uiowa.edu/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer
Your thyroid cancer care team of specialists includes surgeons who specialize in thyroid cancer, endocrinologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, pharmacists, genetic counselors, nurses, and others. They work together to design a treatment plan that is personalized for you, and your cancer.