Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Overview of the treatment of newly diagnosed, invasive, non-metastatic breast cancer – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-newly-diagnosed-invasive-non-metastatic-breast-cancer

  Overview of the treatment of newly diagnosed, invasive, non-metastatic breast cancer […] Breast cancer is treated with a multidisciplinary approach involving surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and medical oncology, which has been associated with a reduction in breast cancer mortality. […] The vast majority of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer in the United States and developed countries have no evidence of metastatic disease. For these patients, the treatment approach depends on the stage at presentation. […] For treatment purposes, breast cancer is characterized using the Tumor, Node, Metastasis system (TNM).

• #2 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/breast-cancer.html

  Breast cancer occurs when a cell in the breast mutates and starts multiplying rapidly. Fortunately, new treatments have pushed the disease’s five-year survival rate to 90%. […] Several factors determine what type of breast cancer you have, your prognosis, and your treatment options. These factors include: Where the cancer starts, Whether it is invasive or non-invasive, Molecular receptor status of cancer cells. […] Breast cancer is primarily treated with surgery and often combined with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both. It may also include other treatment options like targeted therapy, proton therapy and angiogenesis inhibitors. We will develop a comprehensive treatment plan unique to you. […] Many patients undergo some form of surgery as part of their breast cancer treatment. […] In a typical lumpectomy surgery, the tumor and a small amount of surrounding normal tissue are removed.

• #3 Breast Cancer Treatment | Treatment Options for Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment.html

  Typically, treatment is based on the type of breast cancer and its stage. Other factors, including your overall health, menopause status, and personal preferences are also taken into account. […] Its important to discuss all of your treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. […] Knowing all of your options and finding the resources you need will help you make informed decisions about your care.

• #4 Breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352475

  Breast cancer treatment often starts with surgery to remove the cancer. Most people with breast cancer will have other treatments after surgery, such as radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Some people may have chemotherapy or hormone therapy before surgery. These medicines can help shrink the cancer and make it easier to remove. […] Your treatment plan will depend on your particular breast cancer. Your healthcare team considers the stage of the cancer, how quickly it’s growing and whether the cancer cells are sensitive to hormones. Your care team also considers your overall health and what you prefer. […] There are many options for breast cancer treatment. It can feel overwhelming to consider all the options and make complex decisions about your care. Consider seeking a second opinion from a breast specialist in a breast center or clinic. Talk to breast cancer survivors who have faced the same decision.

• #5 Breast Cancer Treatment | Treatment Options for Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment.html

  If youve been diagnosed with breast cancer, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. Its important that you think carefully about each of your choices and weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Some treatments, like surgery and radiation, are local, meaning they treat the tumor without affecting the rest of the body. […] Most women with breast cancer will have some type of surgery to remove the tumor. Depending on the type of breast cancer and how advanced it is, you might need other types of treatment as well, either before or after surgery, or sometimes both. […] Drugs used to treat breast cancer are considered systemic therapies because they can reach cancer cells almost anywhere in the body. […] Depending on the type of breast cancer, different types of drug treatment might be used, including:

• #6 Types of Breast Cancer Treatments

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/type/

  The goal of treating early and locally advanced breast cancers (stages I, II and III) is to get rid of the cancer and keep it from coming back. […] Early breast cancer treatment can be divided into local therapy and systemic therapy. […] Local therapy removes the cancer from a local (limited) area, such as the breast, chest wall and lymph nodes in the underarm area. […] Local therapy involves surgery, with or without radiation therapy to the breast and nearby lymph nodes. […] The goal of breast cancer surgery is to remove the entire tumor from the breast. […] Some of the axillary lymph nodes (lymph nodes from the underarm area) may also be removed to see if they contain cancer cells. […] The goal of radiation therapy is to kill any cancer cells that might be left in or around the breast after surgery.

• #7 Types of Breast Cancer Treatments

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/type/

  The goal of systemic therapy is to kill or disable cancer cells that may have spread from the breast to other parts of the body. […] Systemic therapy uses drug therapies that travel throughout the body to kill or disable cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill or disable cancer cells. […] For people with early breast cancer, chemotherapy may be given before or after breast surgery. […] In people with large tumors who need a mastectomy, chemotherapy may be used before surgery. […] Hormone therapy is a treatment that slows or stops the growth of these tumors by preventing the cancer cells from getting the estrogen they need to grow. […] Hormone therapy is usually given after surgery. […] HER2-targeted therapies are used to treat HER2-positive breast cancers. […] CDK4/6 inhibitors are drugs designed to interrupt the growth of cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy drugs help the body’s immune system attack cancer cells. […] PARP inhibitors work to stop PARP from repairing tumor DNA. […] Although the exact treatment for breast cancer varies from person to person, evidence-based guidelines help make sure high-quality care is given.

• #8 Breast Cancer Treatment – Breast Cancer | UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center

  https://www.uclahealth.org/cancer/cancer-services/breast-cancer/breast-health-services/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-treatment

  The treatment of breast cancer involves care by a team of physicians including a surgical breast oncologist, a radiation oncologist, and a medical oncologist. Each physician is specialized in treating your cancer with either surgery, radiation therapy or medical therapy. The coordinated plan provided by this team is referred to as multidisciplinary care. […] The treatment of breast cancer has two primary goals: 1) to treat the cancer in the breast and prevent the cancer from returning in the breast, and 2) to prevent breast cancer from seeding another organ, called a distant metastasis. […] Breast conserving surgery is often combined with radiation treatment to minimize the risk of the cancer coming back in the breast, termed a local recurrence. […] Radiation treatments are combined with lumpectomy surgery to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurring in the breast and lymph nodes.

• #9 Breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/breast-cancer-supportive-therapy/about/pac-20385258

  Breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship services help you feel better during and after breast cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer supportive therapy generally refers to services that help you feel better during treatment. Supportive therapy includes a wide variety of services to manage issues surrounding a cancer diagnosis. Supportive therapy can help you with the physical and emotional side effects of cancer treatment. […] The goal of breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship services is to help you feel better during and after cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer supportive therapy generally refers to services that help you feel better during cancer treatment. These services may help you cope with the physical and emotional side effects of cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer survivorship services generally refers to support that continues after treatment. These services often include making a plan for your care after breast cancer treatment.

• #10 Secondary breast cancer treatment | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer-treatment

  If your breast cancer has spread to another part of your body, you may be offered 1 or more different treatments. […] Treatments commonly used in secondary breast cancer include: Hormone (endocrine) therapy if your cancer is hormone receptor positive, Chemotherapy, Targeted (biological) therapy, Bone-strengthening therapy if the cancer is in your bones. […] Radiotherapy may be used to control the cancer or relieve symptoms if the cancer has spread to the bones or brain. […] Surgery is not commonly used to treat secondary breast cancer, but may occasionally be considered in some people. […] While secondary breast cancer can be treated, it cannot be cured. […] The aim of treatment for secondary breast cancer is to: Control and slow down the spread of the cancer, Relieve symptoms, Maintain health and wellbeing, Give you the best quality of life for as long as possible.

• #11 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer […] Primary treatment options include the following: […] Lumpectomy without axillary assessment, plus whole-breast radiation therapy (RT) or Total mastectomy, with or without sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and with or without breast reconstruction. […] Considerations include the following: […] SLNB is often not performed but may be done in some cases if an initial core biopsy showed DCIS, because more extensive sampling may show invasive carcinoma. In the absence of risk factors for recurrence, women with DCIS who have small, low- or intermediate-grade tumors resected with widely negative margins can omit RT. Consider risk-reduction therapy with tamoxifen 20 mg PO qDay (in pre- and postmenopausal women) or raloxifene 60 mg PO qDay (in postmenopausal women) for 5 years in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)positive DCIS. Tamoxifen can be given at a lower dose (5 mg daily) in patients with noninvasive breast cancer as shown by the babytam trial.

• #12 Breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352475

  A lumpectomy involves removing the cancer and some of the healthy tissue that surrounds it. […] During a total mastectomy, the surgeon removes the breast tissue, nipple, areola and skin. This procedure also is known as a simple mastectomy. […] Sentinel node biopsy identifies the first few lymph nodes into which a tumor drains. The surgeon uses a harmless dye and a weak radioactive solution to locate the sentinel nodes. The nodes are removed and tested for signs of cancer. […] Breast cancer surgery typically involves a procedure to remove the breast cancer and a procedure to remove some nearby lymph nodes. […] External beam radiation uses high-powered beams of energy to kill cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources.

• #13 Taking Charge: How Is Breast Cancer Treated? | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/taking-charge-how-is-breast-cancer-treated

  Chemotherapy is designed to kill cancer cells that have traveled to distant parts of the body, and its use has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. […] A combination of several drugs is generally used. […] Chemotherapy is given in cycles, with a recovery period in between. […] If the tests that the pathologist performs on your tumor indicate that the breast cancer cells are sensitive to female hormones (estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive), your doctor may recommend that you take a hormone blocker. […] Radiation therapy, administered to the breast, is usually given to kill any remaining cancer cells after a woman undergoes a lumpectomy. […] Side effects can include swelling and heaviness in the breast, skin changes that resemble sunburn, and tiredness. […] Women who have been treated with high doses of chemotherapy or radiation sometimes undergo bone marrow transplantation. […] Many kinds of experimental treatments may also be offered through clinical trials, which are studies of how new therapies work in patients.

• #14 Breast Cancer Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0800/p171.html

  Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage. Stage 0 is ductal carcinoma in situ, which is noninvasive but progresses to invasive cancer in up to 40% of patients. Ductal carcinoma in situ is treated with lumpectomy and radiation or with mastectomy. If ductal carcinoma in situ is estrogen receptor-positive, patients may also receive endocrine therapy. Early invasive stages (I, IIa, IIb) and locally advanced stages (IIIa, IIIb, IIIc) are nonmetastatic and have three treatment phases. The preoperative phase uses systemic endocrine or immunotherapies when tumors express estrogen, progesterone, or ERBB2 receptors. Preoperative chemotherapy may also be used and is the only option when tumors have none of those three receptors. There are two options for the surgical phase with similar survival rates; a lumpectomy with radiation if the tumor can be excised completely with good cosmetic results, or a mastectomy. The postoperative phase includes radiation, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Postmenopausal women should also be offered postoperative bisphosphonates. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer is treatable but not curable. Treatment goals include improving the length and quality of life.

• #15 Breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352475

  A lumpectomy involves removing the cancer and some of the healthy tissue that surrounds it. […] During a total mastectomy, the surgeon removes the breast tissue, nipple, areola and skin. This procedure also is known as a simple mastectomy. […] Sentinel node biopsy identifies the first few lymph nodes into which a tumor drains. The surgeon uses a harmless dye and a weak radioactive solution to locate the sentinel nodes. The nodes are removed and tested for signs of cancer. […] Breast cancer surgery typically involves a procedure to remove the breast cancer and a procedure to remove some nearby lymph nodes. […] External beam radiation uses high-powered beams of energy to kill cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources.

• #16 Taking Charge: How Is Breast Cancer Treated? | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/taking-charge-how-is-breast-cancer-treated

  The breast cancer mortality rate the number of breast cancer deaths per 100,000 women has declined in the past decade, most likely due to new, more effective treatments and increased screening of women leading to early detection. […] Treatment options may include the following: […] A total mastectomy is surgical removal of the breast, including as much breast tissue as possible, the nipple and some of the overlying skin. […] A modified radical mastectomy is a more extensive operation that removes not only the entire breast, but also lymph nodes under the arm (axillary nodes). […] Knowing whether the axilliary nodes are involved, or „positive” for cancer, helps your doctor determine whether your cancer is likely to have spread beyond the breast, and which additional treatments, such as chemotherapy, are most likely to help you.

• #17 Breast Cancer Treatment – Europa Donna

  https://www.europadonna.org/breast-cancer/treatment/

  Any breast surgery should be performed by an experienced breast surgeon who meets the standards set by European Breast Surgical Oncology Certification (BRESO) and the ECIBC Breast Cancer Service Requirements. The surgeon is a lead member of the multidisciplinary team. A list of certified surgeons is available on the BRESO website. When planning for surgery, clip-marking is used. It a technique where a small, 2-3 mm device of is placed in the breast tissue to indicate where the surgical excision needs to be made. The European Breast Cancer Guidelines recommend that the clip be placed at the time of biopsy. This avoids the need for an additional procedure to insert it before surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is usually performed during the surgery to remove the primary tumour but can be performed before or afterward. This process uses a radioactive substance or blue dye to locate the first lymph nodes to which a tumour is likely to spread. These nodes are then removed and examined by the pathologist for cancer cells as a sign of the tumour having spread beyond the breast. Removing sentinel lymph nodes is preferable to removal of all lymph nodes in order to reduce the occurrence of lymphoedema (chronic swelling of the arm). Depending on the tumour size and characteristics, a woman may be offered breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. With BCS (also known as lumpectomy), just the tumour and surrounding area are removed in order to maintain the integrity and appearance of the breast. This is recommended only for lower grade cancers, usually in combination with radiotherapy. When a tumour is larger or more invasive, a mastectomy can be performed to remove the whole breast. Depending on the degree of invasiveness, this may also involve axillary lymph node dissection (removing the lymph nodes in the underarm area), or removing some of the muscles in the chest wall. Partial mastectomy is another approach for lower grade tumours. Nipple-sparing mastectomy removes the breast tissue while maintaining the nipple. This is particularly useful for breast reconstruction, where the breast is surgically rebuilt and an artificial implant is inserted. This procedure should be performed at the time of the primary surgery or up to 1 year afterwards, as stated in the ECIBC Manual for Breast Cancer Services. This procedure should be offered and covered by the national health system. After surgery, the removed lymph nodes and breast tissue undergo pathology testing to provide information about the tumour that will be essential for later (adjuvant) treatment decisions.

• #18 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer

  Breast cancer typically affects women age 50 and older, but it can also affect men, as well as younger women. Healthcare providers may treat breast cancer with surgery to remove tumors or treatment to kill cancerous cells. […] Healthcare providers determine cancer types and subtypes so they can tailor treatment to be as effective as possible with the fewest possible side effects. […] Finding out if cancerous cells have estrogen or progesterone receptors helps healthcare providers plan breast cancer treatment. […] Surgery is the primary breast cancer treatment, but healthcare providers may use other treatments. Breast cancer surgeries include: Mastectomy, Lumpectomy, Breast reconstruction. Providers may combine surgery with one or more of the following treatments: Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, including intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT), Immunotherapy, Hormone therapy, including selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) therapy, Targeted therapy.

• #19 Breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352475

  A lumpectomy involves removing the cancer and some of the healthy tissue that surrounds it. […] During a total mastectomy, the surgeon removes the breast tissue, nipple, areola and skin. This procedure also is known as a simple mastectomy. […] Sentinel node biopsy identifies the first few lymph nodes into which a tumor drains. The surgeon uses a harmless dye and a weak radioactive solution to locate the sentinel nodes. The nodes are removed and tested for signs of cancer. […] Breast cancer surgery typically involves a procedure to remove the breast cancer and a procedure to remove some nearby lymph nodes. […] External beam radiation uses high-powered beams of energy to kill cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources.

• #20 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Breast Cancer Surgery […] Surgical options include the following: […] Lumpectomy to negative margins (no tumor at ink for invasive disease, 2 mm for DCIS). Mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Axillary assessment is usually performed with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Axillary dissection may be considered in cases of node-positive breast cancer. Although axillary dissection had been the standard of care for patients with a positive SLNB, studies have indicated comparable local and systemic control rates without axillary dissection for patients who also receive radiation and systemic chemotherapy. […] Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy […] Radiation therapy (RT) is used in patients who undergo lumpectomy or, in selected cases, after mastectomy; treatment fields are determined by axillary node status. RT should follow chemotherapy if chemotherapy is indicated.

• #21 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Breast Cancer Surgery […] Surgical options include the following: […] Lumpectomy to negative margins (no tumor at ink for invasive disease, 2 mm for DCIS). Mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Axillary assessment is usually performed with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Axillary dissection may be considered in cases of node-positive breast cancer. Although axillary dissection had been the standard of care for patients with a positive SLNB, studies have indicated comparable local and systemic control rates without axillary dissection for patients who also receive radiation and systemic chemotherapy. […] Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy […] Radiation therapy (RT) is used in patients who undergo lumpectomy or, in selected cases, after mastectomy; treatment fields are determined by axillary node status. RT should follow chemotherapy if chemotherapy is indicated.

• #22 Breast cancer

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast_cancer/treatment_for_breast_cancer.html

  Neoadjuvant treatment can help to reduce the size of the cancer before surgery and improve your chance of having a good outcome. It may also mean you can have less complex surgery. […] Chemotherapy is often used before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy or NAC). Or, you may have hormone therapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy, or a combination of these treatments. […] If you have decided to have a reconstruction, and can have a skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy, the reconstruction is sometimes done at the same time. […] Radiation therapy uses a controlled dose of radiation to kill cancer cells or damage them so they cannot grow, multiply or spread. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. It may be used before or after surgery. […] Hormone therapy, also called endocrine therapy or hormone-blocking therapy, slows or stops the effect of oestrogen. It is used to treat breast cancer that is hormone receptor positive. […] Targeted therapy drugs attack specific features of cancer cells to stop the cancer growing and spreading. […] Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer.

• #23 Breast Cancer Treatments for All Stages | UTSW Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-treatment/

  UT Southwesterns plastic surgeons specialize in breast reconstruction after cancer. They perform all three types of breast reconstruction: Autologous tissue-based reconstruction (using tissue from another part of the body), Implant reconstruction (with saline or silicone), Combination autologous and implant reconstruction. […] Our plastic surgeons excel in advanced techniques such as flap procedures in breast reconstruction, which use healthy tissue from other parts of the body such as the back, abdomen, or thighs to recreate a breast that looks and feels natural.

• #24 Breast Cancer Treatments for All Stages | UTSW Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-treatment/

  UT Southwesterns plastic surgeons specialize in breast reconstruction after cancer. They perform all three types of breast reconstruction: Autologous tissue-based reconstruction (using tissue from another part of the body), Implant reconstruction (with saline or silicone), Combination autologous and implant reconstruction. […] Our plastic surgeons excel in advanced techniques such as flap procedures in breast reconstruction, which use healthy tissue from other parts of the body such as the back, abdomen, or thighs to recreate a breast that looks and feels natural.

• #25 Breast Cancer Treatments for All Stages | UTSW Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-treatment/

  UT Southwesterns plastic surgeons specialize in breast reconstruction after cancer. They perform all three types of breast reconstruction: Autologous tissue-based reconstruction (using tissue from another part of the body), Implant reconstruction (with saline or silicone), Combination autologous and implant reconstruction. […] Our plastic surgeons excel in advanced techniques such as flap procedures in breast reconstruction, which use healthy tissue from other parts of the body such as the back, abdomen, or thighs to recreate a breast that looks and feels natural.

• #26 Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer Care | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/services/breast-cancer-care

  Rush offers a variety of types of radiation therapy at multiple locations, including Chicago, Oak Park and Aurora/Fox Valley. […] These can range from double mastectomy, or complete removal of both breasts, to less invasive surgeries like lumpectomy, or direct removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue. […] Your doctors will educate you about your options for treatment and surgical breast reconstruction if necessary. You will make a shared decision about the best surgical option for you. […] Rush offers second opinions on breast cancer care or imaging for newly diagnosed patients. […] At Rush, you’ll have access to treatment you won’t find elsewhere through clinical trials looking into new ways to fight breast cancer. […] Your breast surgeon will discuss your breast reconstruction options with you before your breast cancer surgery. […] Rush works with ReVital Cancer Rehabilitation to provide you with the care and tools you need to address pain, fatigue and decreased activity levels during and after breast cancer treatment.

• #27 Treatments for breast cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/treatment

  Metastatic breast cancer is usually treated with hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy and surgery. […] Recurrent breast cancer is treated with surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. […] Surgery is a medical procedure to examine, remove or repair tissue. Breast cancer is usually treated with surgery. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. Breast cancer is often treated with radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy uses anticancer drugs to destroy cancer cells. Breast cancer is often treated with chemotherapy. […] Hormone therapy affects hormones that cancer cells need to grow. Breast cancer is often treated with hormone therapy. […] Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules on cancer cells. Breast cancer is sometimes treated with targeted therapy. […] Breast cancer is sometimes treated with immunotherapy. It helps strengthen the immune system to fight cancer. […] Follow-up is an important part of care for breast cancer. It often involves regular tests and visits with the healthcare team.

• #28 Breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352475

  A lumpectomy involves removing the cancer and some of the healthy tissue that surrounds it. […] During a total mastectomy, the surgeon removes the breast tissue, nipple, areola and skin. This procedure also is known as a simple mastectomy. […] Sentinel node biopsy identifies the first few lymph nodes into which a tumor drains. The surgeon uses a harmless dye and a weak radioactive solution to locate the sentinel nodes. The nodes are removed and tested for signs of cancer. […] Breast cancer surgery typically involves a procedure to remove the breast cancer and a procedure to remove some nearby lymph nodes. […] External beam radiation uses high-powered beams of energy to kill cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources.

• #29 Breast Cancer Treatments for All Stages | UTSW Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-treatment/

  Targeted therapy: Therapies that target specific characteristics of cancer cells, such as an abnormal protein (HER2, for example), can attack specific breast cancer cells without harming normal cells. […] UT Southwestern radiation oncologists have pioneered techniques for delivering radiation to the breast while sparing the heart from excess radiation. […] Radiation to the breast is often given after breast-conserving surgery to help lower the chance of the cancer recurring in the breast or nearby lymph nodes. […] In external beam radiation, we use the latest technology and leading-edge techniques, often with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). […] UT Southwestern is the first center in Texas and only the second center in the world to offer GammaPod as a treatment option.

• #30 Breast Cancer: Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment

  Hormone therapies, sometimes called endocrine therapies, prevent the recurrence of new breast cancers from forming in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. […] NewYork-Presbyterian is a world-renowned leader in treating breast cancer with immunotherapy, which uses the immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells. […] Our goal is to provide the most effective treatment for your breast cancer while minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure. […] Internal Radiation Therapy – This therapy is also called brachytherapy.

• #31 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  In patients with negative axillary nodes, treatment is as follows: […] WBRT with or without boost to the tumor bed. Partial breast irradiation (PBI) may be considered in selected patients. Even without RT, risk of recurrence is extremely low in patients aged 55 and older with low-grade luminal Atype breast cancer (node-negative, grade 1 or 2 tumors 2 cm) and a Ki67 tumor cell count of 13.25% or less, who receive breast-conserving surgery and endocrine therapy. […] Patients undergoing total mastectomy with surgical axillary staging, with or without reconstruction […] RT recommendations are based on the patient’s axillary node status, as follows (note that comprehensive RNI may include any portion of undissected axilla at risk): […] Negative axillary nodes, tumor 5 cm, and margins 1 mm No RT needed. Negative axillary nodes, tumor 5 cm, and negative margins 1 mm Consider RT to the chest wall; for high-risk patients, consider adding comprehensive RNI. Negative axillary nodes and tumor 5 cm or positive margins Consider RT to the chest wall, with or without comprehensive RNI. 1-3 positive axillary nodes Consider RT to the chest wall, with or without infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes; consider RT to internal mammary nodes. 4 positive axillary nodes RT to the chest wall plus consider comprehensive RNI. Margins positive Re-excision to negative margins (preferred); if unable to excise, then strongly consider RT with or without comprehensive RNI.

• #32 Breast Cancer Treatment | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/breast-cancer/treatment

  In some cases, your treatment team, including your surgeon and medical oncologist may recommend that you receive systemic treatment (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and/or targeted therapy) for your breast cancer before you have your breast surgery. […] Radiation therapy is a non-invasive form of cancer treatment that uses various forms of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center radiation oncologists were among the first to develop the „deep inspiration breath-hold” technique that involves the patient holding her breath at the deep inspiration level, allowing for the delivery of radiation beams to effectively treat tumors while eliminating direct irradiation of the heart. […] At Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, our breast cancer specialists incorporate survivorship into each patient’s overall care, so physicians and nurses in the Breast Oncology Treatment Center start helping patients become familiar with cancer survivorship even before treatment ends. […] We believe that our patients should get expert survivorship care in the same way that they receive outstanding cancer care in a comprehensive, personalized fashion.

• #33 Treatment options for breast cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions

  Depending on the size and position of the cancer, you might be able to have just the cancer and a border of normal breast tissue removed. This is also called a lumpectomy or wide local excision. […] Your surgeon may recommend you have the whole breast removed. This is a mastectomy. You can have a new breast shape made (a breast reconstruction) at the time of surgery, or sometime later. […] Radiotherapy uses high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. You usually have radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery. Some people may also have radiotherapy after a mastectomy. […] Chemotherapy uses anti cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. You might have chemotherapy before surgery, after surgery or both. Chemotherapy before surgery is called neo adjuvant treatment. Chemotherapy after surgery is called adjuvant treatment.

• #34 Treatments | Breast Cancer | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/breast-cancer/creating-treatment-plan/treatments

  There are many effective treatments available for breast cancer, and no two patients treatment plans will look exactly alike. […] Your treatment plan likely will include one or more of these options: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Biological therapy, Hormone therapy, Breast reconstruction surgery. […] Lymphedema, swelling in the arms and legs, is an unfortunate side effect that can occur after breast surgery or radiation therapy. […] As part of your treatment plan, your care team may discuss your eligibility to participate in one or more clinical trials. […] Mastectomy is required when a lumpectomy cannot be done. […] Not all patients with breast cancer need chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy is required to destroy any microscopic breast cancer cells in the: Breast after a lumpectomy operation, Chest wall after a mastectomy if the tumor is greater than 5 centimeters, Lymph nodes along with the breast or chest wall if the lymph nodes contain cancer.

• #35 Secondary breast cancer treatment | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer-treatment

  If your breast cancer has spread to another part of your body, you may be offered 1 or more different treatments. […] Treatments commonly used in secondary breast cancer include: Hormone (endocrine) therapy if your cancer is hormone receptor positive, Chemotherapy, Targeted (biological) therapy, Bone-strengthening therapy if the cancer is in your bones. […] Radiotherapy may be used to control the cancer or relieve symptoms if the cancer has spread to the bones or brain. […] Surgery is not commonly used to treat secondary breast cancer, but may occasionally be considered in some people. […] While secondary breast cancer can be treated, it cannot be cured. […] The aim of treatment for secondary breast cancer is to: Control and slow down the spread of the cancer, Relieve symptoms, Maintain health and wellbeing, Give you the best quality of life for as long as possible.

• #36 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  In patients with negative axillary nodes, treatment is as follows: […] WBRT with or without boost to the tumor bed. Partial breast irradiation (PBI) may be considered in selected patients. Even without RT, risk of recurrence is extremely low in patients aged 55 and older with low-grade luminal Atype breast cancer (node-negative, grade 1 or 2 tumors 2 cm) and a Ki67 tumor cell count of 13.25% or less, who receive breast-conserving surgery and endocrine therapy. […] Patients undergoing total mastectomy with surgical axillary staging, with or without reconstruction […] RT recommendations are based on the patient’s axillary node status, as follows (note that comprehensive RNI may include any portion of undissected axilla at risk): […] Negative axillary nodes, tumor 5 cm, and margins 1 mm No RT needed. Negative axillary nodes, tumor 5 cm, and negative margins 1 mm Consider RT to the chest wall; for high-risk patients, consider adding comprehensive RNI. Negative axillary nodes and tumor 5 cm or positive margins Consider RT to the chest wall, with or without comprehensive RNI. 1-3 positive axillary nodes Consider RT to the chest wall, with or without infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes; consider RT to internal mammary nodes. 4 positive axillary nodes RT to the chest wall plus consider comprehensive RNI. Margins positive Re-excision to negative margins (preferred); if unable to excise, then strongly consider RT with or without comprehensive RNI.

• #37 Taking Charge: How Is Breast Cancer Treated? | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/taking-charge-how-is-breast-cancer-treated

  Chemotherapy is designed to kill cancer cells that have traveled to distant parts of the body, and its use has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. […] A combination of several drugs is generally used. […] Chemotherapy is given in cycles, with a recovery period in between. […] If the tests that the pathologist performs on your tumor indicate that the breast cancer cells are sensitive to female hormones (estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive), your doctor may recommend that you take a hormone blocker. […] Radiation therapy, administered to the breast, is usually given to kill any remaining cancer cells after a woman undergoes a lumpectomy. […] Side effects can include swelling and heaviness in the breast, skin changes that resemble sunburn, and tiredness. […] Women who have been treated with high doses of chemotherapy or radiation sometimes undergo bone marrow transplantation. […] Many kinds of experimental treatments may also be offered through clinical trials, which are studies of how new therapies work in patients.

• #38 Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Types & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/8340-chemotherapy-for-breast-cancer

  Chemotherapy for breast cancer is one of the ways that healthcare providers treat the condition. If you’re having breast cancer surgery, you may receive chemotherapy before and after your surgery. You may receive more than one kind of chemotherapy drug. These drugs cause side effects, and your oncologist will help you to manage them. […] Chemotherapy is a common treatment for breast cancer. It works by killing the cancerous cells in your breast or that have spread from your breast. Oncologists often use chemotherapy before and/or after breast cancer surgery. Your oncologist may use one kind of chemotherapy drug, combine drugs or use chemotherapy with other treatments. […] Chemotherapy for breast cancer causes side effects, some of which may not develop until long after you’ve finished treatment. Your oncologist will have treatments and recommendations to help you manage immediate and short-term side effects. They’ll also share information about possible long-term side effects.

• #39 Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Types & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/8340-chemotherapy-for-breast-cancer

  You may receive chemotherapy: Before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy): Chemotherapy before surgery shrinks breast cancer tumors so your surgeon can remove the tumor without removing healthy breast tissue. It also gives oncologists early feedback on whether specific chemotherapy drugs are effective. […] After surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy): Breast cancer surgery may not remove all cancerous cells because some cells may be microscopic and too small for tests to detect. Post-surgery chemotherapy helps kill any remaining cancerous cells. It also helps reduce the risk of breast cancer coming back. […] As treatment for metastatic breast cancer: Chemotherapy may be the main treatment if you have breast cancer that’s spread from your breast to other areas of your body. […] To treat inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): This cancer type doesn’t cause tumors that surgeons can remove, so healthcare providers often use chemotherapy as initial IBC treatment.

• #40 Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Types & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/8340-chemotherapy-for-breast-cancer

  You may receive chemotherapy: Before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy): Chemotherapy before surgery shrinks breast cancer tumors so your surgeon can remove the tumor without removing healthy breast tissue. It also gives oncologists early feedback on whether specific chemotherapy drugs are effective. […] After surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy): Breast cancer surgery may not remove all cancerous cells because some cells may be microscopic and too small for tests to detect. Post-surgery chemotherapy helps kill any remaining cancerous cells. It also helps reduce the risk of breast cancer coming back. […] As treatment for metastatic breast cancer: Chemotherapy may be the main treatment if you have breast cancer that’s spread from your breast to other areas of your body. […] To treat inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): This cancer type doesn’t cause tumors that surgeons can remove, so healthcare providers often use chemotherapy as initial IBC treatment.

• #41 Breast cancer treatments explained | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/breast-cancer/treatment-overview-for-breast-cancer

  Your cancer doctor may advise you to have chemotherapy if: the cancer is large, the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, the cancer is a higher grade, you have triple negative breast cancer, you have HER2 positive breast cancer. […] If the cancer is ER positive, you will be given hormonal therapy for a few years. […] If you have HER2 positive breast cancer, you will usually have a targeted therapy drug called trastuzumab. You may also have a drug called pertuzumab. […] Immunotherapy uses the immune system to find and attack cancer cells. Your cancer team can explain more about whether immunotherapy might be suitable in your situation.

• #42 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Consider the following: […] Stage I-II estrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease is usually treated with upfront surgery. Locally advanced (stage III) ER+ disease can be treated with neoadjuvant therapy. The goal of neoadjuvant treatment is to induce a tumor response before surgery and enable breast conservation. For neoadjuvant treatment, chemotherapy is usually preferred. However, endocrine therapy may be considered in some cases (especially in postmenopausal patients who cannot receive chemotherapy and those with multiple comorbidities). Patient who undergo upfront surgery can qualify for adjuvant chemotherapy based on gene expression profiling such as the Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, or Prosigna. Almost all patients with ER+ (especially those with ER expression 10%) breast cancer should be evaluated for adjuvant endocrine therapy. Patients at high risk for recurrence should be evaluated for adjuvant treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Postmenopausal women at high risk for recurrence can be evaluated for adjuvant treatment with a bisphosphonate.

• #43 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Chemotherapy regimens […] Dose-dense doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel (AC-P): […] Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 IV plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV every 2 weeks for four cycles, with colony-stimulating factor (CSF) support, followed by Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 2 weeks with CSF support or 80 mg/m2 weekly for 12 weeks. Alternative taxanes (ie, docetaxel, albumin-bound paclitaxel) may be used as substitutes in cases of medical necessity (eg, hypersensitivity reaction). Change in administration sequence to paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide is acceptable. […] Docetaxel (Taxotere) plus cyclophosphamide (TC): […] Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 every 3 weeks for four cycles. […] Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy

• #44 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Chemotherapy regimens […] Dose-dense doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel (AC-P): […] Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 IV plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV every 2 weeks for four cycles, with colony-stimulating factor (CSF) support, followed by Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 2 weeks with CSF support or 80 mg/m2 weekly for 12 weeks. Alternative taxanes (ie, docetaxel, albumin-bound paclitaxel) may be used as substitutes in cases of medical necessity (eg, hypersensitivity reaction). Change in administration sequence to paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide is acceptable. […] Docetaxel (Taxotere) plus cyclophosphamide (TC): […] Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 every 3 weeks for four cycles. […] Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy

• #45 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  AC-docetaxel plus trastuzumab: […] Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 IV plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 every 2 weeks for four cycles with CSF support, followed by Docetaxel 100 mg/m2 IV every 3 weeks for four cycles concurrently with Trastuzumab 4 mg/kg IV with first dose of paclitaxel then 2 mg/kg IV weekly for 1 year or trastuzumab 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks following the completion of paclitaxel, and given for a 1-year total duration of trastuzumab therapy. […] Docetaxel (Taxotere)/carboplatin/trastuzumab (Herceptin)(TCH): […] Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV plus carboplatin AUC 6 IV on Day 1 every 3 weeks for six cycles plus Trastuzumab 4 mg/kg IV during week 1 and then 2 mg/kg IV weekly for 17 weeks; followed by trastuzumab 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks to complete 1 year of trastuzumab. Alternatively, trastuzumab 8 mg/kg IV week 1, then 6 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks to complete 1 year of therapy. This regimen may be more appropriate for patients with contraindications to anthracycline therapy.

• #46 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Chemotherapy […] Dose-dense doxorubicin (Adriamycin) followed by paclitaxel (AC-P): […] Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 IV plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 2 weeks for four cycles with CSF support followed by Paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 weekly for 12 weeks. Alternative taxanes (eg, docetaxel, albumin-bound paclitaxel) may be used as substitutes in cases of medical necessity (eg, hypersensitivity reaction). Change in administration sequence to paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide is acceptable. […] Docetaxel (Taxotere) plus cyclophosphamide (TC): […] Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 every 3 weeks for four cycles. […] Adjuvant capecitabine monotherapy (for TNBC only) […] Can be considered in patients with TNBC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had residual disease at the time of surgery:

• #47 Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Types & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/8340-chemotherapy-for-breast-cancer

  To treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): Oncologists may treat TNBC with a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. […] To treat HER2+ breast cancer that’s likely to come back: Treatment may be a combination of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. […] Side effects vary based on what kind of drugs you take and how long you need to take them. Most go away once you finish treatment, but some persist weeks or months after treatment. The most common side effects are: Chemotherapy brain fog: You may have this side effect for six months to a year after treatment. […] Fatigue: You may feel very tired during treatment and for three to six months after completing treatment. […] Nausea and vomiting: This side effect may start during treatment and continue for two to three weeks after treatment.

• #48 Treatments for Breast Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-treatment

  Immunotherapy uses your own immune system to target and fight cancer. […] Your treatment may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy. […] Although there are some typical breast cancer treatment plans, women do have choices. […] Most breast cancer treatments have side effects. Many go away when the therapy stops. […] Some chemotherapy and hormone therapy drugs that treat breast cancer can cause permanent or temporary infertility or early menopause. […] Women with breast cancer who want to start or expand a family later on should consider options to keep fertility before beginning treatment. […] Both breast cancer and the treatment you get for it cause symptoms and side effects. […] Talk to your doctor about palliative care at the start of your treatment.

• #49 Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer Care | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/services/breast-cancer-care

  Many types of breast cancer treatment are available, and some can be performed without invasive surgery. You can discuss these options with your breast cancer physician. […] Your care team will determine your plan based on your specific type of breast cancer, its stage and your overall health, among other factors. It may include some of the following: Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, Cold cap for chemo (also known as cooling caps), which can be used during chemo to help you keep your hair, Hormone therapy, which uses drugs like tamoxifen (which block cancer cells from using your hormones to grow) and aromatase inhibitors (which reduce the hormone production in your body), Biologic therapy, which uses drugs like Herceptin (trastuzumab) that directly target the cancer cells to help your body fight cancer.

• #50 Breast Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breast-cancer-therapy

  Breast conservation therapy is often used for patients with DCIS (Stage 0) or early-stage invasive breast cancers (called Stage I and Stage II in the classification system). […] Most patients may choose a treatment based on other factors, such as convenience or personal preference. […] Nearly all physicians will recommend patients be treated with mastectomy instead of breast conservation therapy when the risk of recurrence in the breast is more than 20 percent. […] Eighty percent to 90 percent of women treated with modern surgery and radiotherapy techniques have excellent or good cosmetic results. […] Many patients with a recurrence of breast cancer can be successfully treated, often with methods other than radiation if radiation was used in the initial treatment. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays (photons) or a stream of particles.

• #51 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Regimens for premenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5y or Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 2-5 y, followed by an AI for a total of up to 10 y of endocrine therapy; this regimen is typically used for patients who are premenopausal at diagnosis and become postmenopausal during therapy; it has been shown to be more effective than a 5y course of tamoxifen. Ovarian function suppression (OFS) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (eg, goserelin 3.6 mg SC depot every 28 days [every-3-months therapy not recommended due to ovarian function escape]) added to tamoxifen or an AI, is associated with increased benefit in patients at high risk for recurrence. […] Regimens for postmenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5 y or AIs for 5y, either alone or sequentially after 2-5 y of tamoxifen: anastrozole 1 mg PO daily or letrozole 2.5 mg PO daily or exemestane 25 mg PO daily.

• #52 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Regimens for premenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5y or Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 2-5 y, followed by an AI for a total of up to 10 y of endocrine therapy; this regimen is typically used for patients who are premenopausal at diagnosis and become postmenopausal during therapy; it has been shown to be more effective than a 5y course of tamoxifen. Ovarian function suppression (OFS) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (eg, goserelin 3.6 mg SC depot every 28 days [every-3-months therapy not recommended due to ovarian function escape]) added to tamoxifen or an AI, is associated with increased benefit in patients at high risk for recurrence. […] Regimens for postmenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5 y or AIs for 5y, either alone or sequentially after 2-5 y of tamoxifen: anastrozole 1 mg PO daily or letrozole 2.5 mg PO daily or exemestane 25 mg PO daily.

• #53 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Usually reserved for postmenopausal women who are not candidates for chemotherapy but would benefit from neoadjuvant therapy: […] Letrozole 2.5 mg PO daily or Anastrozole 1 mg PO daily for 3-6 months or until best treatment response. […] Adjuvant endocrine therapy […] Patients with invasive breast cancer that is ER+ or progesterone receptor positive (PR+) should be considered for adjuvant endocrine therapy with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Selection considerations are as follows: […] Selection of agents depends on menopausal status and concern about adverse effect profile (eg, thrombosis with tamoxifen, bone loss with AIs). Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence by about 40% and the risk of death by about 30%, is effective in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and may be used either alone or after chemotherapy. AIs are effective for postmenopausal women, reducing the risk of recurrence by approximately 20% compared with tamoxifen. Nonsteroidal AIs (anastrozole, letrozole) and steroidal AIs (exemestane) have comparable efficacy and adverse effects.

• #54 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Regimens for premenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5y or Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 2-5 y, followed by an AI for a total of up to 10 y of endocrine therapy; this regimen is typically used for patients who are premenopausal at diagnosis and become postmenopausal during therapy; it has been shown to be more effective than a 5y course of tamoxifen. Ovarian function suppression (OFS) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (eg, goserelin 3.6 mg SC depot every 28 days [every-3-months therapy not recommended due to ovarian function escape]) added to tamoxifen or an AI, is associated with increased benefit in patients at high risk for recurrence. […] Regimens for postmenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5 y or AIs for 5y, either alone or sequentially after 2-5 y of tamoxifen: anastrozole 1 mg PO daily or letrozole 2.5 mg PO daily or exemestane 25 mg PO daily.

• #55 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Usually reserved for postmenopausal women who are not candidates for chemotherapy but would benefit from neoadjuvant therapy: […] Letrozole 2.5 mg PO daily or Anastrozole 1 mg PO daily for 3-6 months or until best treatment response. […] Adjuvant endocrine therapy […] Patients with invasive breast cancer that is ER+ or progesterone receptor positive (PR+) should be considered for adjuvant endocrine therapy with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Selection considerations are as follows: […] Selection of agents depends on menopausal status and concern about adverse effect profile (eg, thrombosis with tamoxifen, bone loss with AIs). Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence by about 40% and the risk of death by about 30%, is effective in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and may be used either alone or after chemotherapy. AIs are effective for postmenopausal women, reducing the risk of recurrence by approximately 20% compared with tamoxifen. Nonsteroidal AIs (anastrozole, letrozole) and steroidal AIs (exemestane) have comparable efficacy and adverse effects.

• #56 Breast Cancer Treatment – Europa Donna

  https://www.europadonna.org/breast-cancer/treatment/

  In cases of hormone-positive tumours (ER+ and/or PgR+, ie, all luminal-like cancers), women should be offered hormone therapy that limits or blocks the amount of oestrogen in the body because this hormone makes the tumours grow. Examples of hormone therapies (or endocrine therapy) are tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. In premenopausal women, 5 to 10 years of tamoxifen therapy is considered standard of care. In women with higher risk of recurrence, an aromatase inhibitor can be used; however, because these do not stop the ovaries from making oestrogen, ovarian function must be suppressed with other medications. Postmenopausal women can use aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen. An aromatase inhibitor can be used from the start, or after 2 or 3 years on tamoxifen, or as extended therapy after 5 years on tamoxifen. Hormone therapy can also be started before surgery (ie, neoadjuvant). Tamoxifen is associated with an increased risk for thromboembolic complications and endometrial hyperplasia, so women with risk factors for these complications should discuss this with their doctor. Aromatase inhibitors are associated with bone and joint pain, and increased risk of osteoporosis. In hormone-positive breast cancer, hormone therapy has been shown to reduce the risk for recurrence and to increase survival compared with no hormonal therapy.

• #57 Breast Cancer Treatment – Europa Donna

  https://www.europadonna.org/breast-cancer/treatment/

  In cases of hormone-positive tumours (ER+ and/or PgR+, ie, all luminal-like cancers), women should be offered hormone therapy that limits or blocks the amount of oestrogen in the body because this hormone makes the tumours grow. Examples of hormone therapies (or endocrine therapy) are tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. In premenopausal women, 5 to 10 years of tamoxifen therapy is considered standard of care. In women with higher risk of recurrence, an aromatase inhibitor can be used; however, because these do not stop the ovaries from making oestrogen, ovarian function must be suppressed with other medications. Postmenopausal women can use aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen. An aromatase inhibitor can be used from the start, or after 2 or 3 years on tamoxifen, or as extended therapy after 5 years on tamoxifen. Hormone therapy can also be started before surgery (ie, neoadjuvant). Tamoxifen is associated with an increased risk for thromboembolic complications and endometrial hyperplasia, so women with risk factors for these complications should discuss this with their doctor. Aromatase inhibitors are associated with bone and joint pain, and increased risk of osteoporosis. In hormone-positive breast cancer, hormone therapy has been shown to reduce the risk for recurrence and to increase survival compared with no hormonal therapy.

• #58 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Regimens for premenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5y or Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 2-5 y, followed by an AI for a total of up to 10 y of endocrine therapy; this regimen is typically used for patients who are premenopausal at diagnosis and become postmenopausal during therapy; it has been shown to be more effective than a 5y course of tamoxifen. Ovarian function suppression (OFS) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (eg, goserelin 3.6 mg SC depot every 28 days [every-3-months therapy not recommended due to ovarian function escape]) added to tamoxifen or an AI, is associated with increased benefit in patients at high risk for recurrence. […] Regimens for postmenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5 y or AIs for 5y, either alone or sequentially after 2-5 y of tamoxifen: anastrozole 1 mg PO daily or letrozole 2.5 mg PO daily or exemestane 25 mg PO daily.

• #59 Targeted Therapy – National Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-targeted-therapy/

  In addition to chemotherapy and hormone therapy, there are newer, more effective treatments that can attack specific breast cancer cells without harming normal cells. Currently, these biologic targeted methods are commonly used in combination with traditional chemotherapy. However, targeted drugs often have less severe side effects than standard chemotherapy drugs. […] Breast cancer biologic targeted therapy uses drugs that block the growth of breast cancer cells in specific ways. For example, targeted therapy may block the action of an abnormal protein (such as HER2) that stimulates the growth of breast cancer cells. For example, Trastuzumab (Herceptin) or lapatinib (TYKERB) may be given to a woman whose lab tests show that her breast tumor has too much HER2. […] One type of biologic targeted therapy currently being studied is monoclonal antibodies. These laboratory-manufactured proteins bind with certain cancers.

• #60 HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Guide | BCRF

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/her2-positive-breast-cancer-treatment-research/

  In the decades that followed Herceptin approval, researchers developed other HER2-targeted therapies. […] Drugs to target HER2 were also developed for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. […] As technology improved, researchers found ways to engineer antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that are composed of a HER2-specific antibody linked to a potent drug. […] Although significant progress has been made in HER2-positive breast cancer treatment, resistance to therapies can develop over time and tumors may recur. […] Currently, there are over 10 ADCs and more than four TKIs in development. […] With the development of HER2-targeted agents, HER2-positive breast cancer is now a treatable disease and outcomes have dramatically improved for these patients. […] Currently, survival rates exceed 90 percent in HER2-positive breast cancer that is diagnosed early and treated with chemotherapy and dual antibody therapy.

• #61 Targeted Therapy – National Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-targeted-therapy/

  Monoclonal antibody drugs such as Herceptin (also known as Trastuzumab) target HER2-positive tumors. If cancer cells are positive for the HER2/neu receptors that means there is an overabundance of receptors on the cancer cell for the growth-stimulating HER2 protein. […] Herceptin helps shrink these HER2-positive tumors by finding the cells, binding with them, and blocking the action of the receptor. […] The drug Herceptin is given through a vein. It may be given alone or with chemotherapy. Side effects that most commonly occur during the first treatment include fever and chills. Other possible side effects include weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, difficulty breathing, and rashes. […] Lapatinib is for HER2 positive breast cancers and is commonly used for metastatic breast cancer that has spread to the brain since it crosses the blood-brain barrier.

• #62 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  TCH plus pertuzumab: […] Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV plus carboplatin AUC 6 IV on Day 1 every 3 weeks for six cycles plus Trastuzumab 8 mg/kg IV on Day 1, then trastuzumab 6 mg/kg IV Day 1 every 3 weeks to complete 1 year of therapy plus Pertuzumab 840 mg IV on Day 1, then 420 mg IV Day 1 every 3 weeks to complete 1 year of therapy. […] Docetaxel/cyclophosphamide plus trastuzumab: […] Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV Day 1 every 3 weeks for four cycles plus Trastuzumab 4 mg/kg during week 1, then 2 mg/kg IV weekly for 11 weeks; followed by trastuzumab 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks to complete 1 year of trastuzumab. Alternatively, trastuzumab 8 mg/kg IV week 1, then 6 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks to complete 1 year of therapy. […] Paclitaxel/trastuzumab/pertuzumab: […] Paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 IV weekly for 12 cycles plus Trastuzumab 8 mg/kg IV on Day 1, then by 6 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks for four cycles plus Pertuzumab 840 mg IV on Day 1, then by 420 mg IV every 3 weeks for four cycles.

• #63 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Neratinib for adjuvant treatment following trastuzumab […] Neratinib is indicated for the extended adjuvant treatment of early-stage HER2-overexpressed/amplified breast cancer, to follow adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy, as follows: […] Neratinib 120 mg PO daily on Days 1-7, then 160 mg PO daily on Days 8-14, then by 240 mg PO daily on Days 15-28 in cycle 1 followed by Neratinib 240 mg (ie, six 40-mg tablets) PO daily continuously for 1 year. Antidiarrheal prophylaxis required when starting therapy. […] Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for adjuvant setting only […] Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is approved as an adjuvant treatment for HER2-positive early breast cancer when the patient has received neoadjuvant treatment including a taxane and trastuzumab and there is residual disease in the tissue removed during surgery. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine 3.6 mg/kg IV on Day 1 every 3 weeks for 14 cycles.

• #64 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Patients whose cancer progresses on first-line treatment should be offered an ADC. There is currently no consensus on which ADC to use first and whether these agents can be used sequentially. However, there is a growing consensus that in patients with HER2-low disease (defined as HER2 expression by immunohistochemistry 1+ or 2+ with non-amplification by in-situ hybridization), trastuzumab deruxtecan should be used first: […] Trastuzumab deruxtecan 5.4 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks, in patients with HER2-low or HER2-positive disease. […] Capivasertib plus fulvestrant is indicated for patients with hormone receptorpositive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer that has at least 1 PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN-alteration, following progression on 1 or more endocrine-based regimens in the metastatic setting or recurrence on, or within 12 months of completing, adjuvant therapy.

• #65 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Neratinib for adjuvant treatment following trastuzumab […] Neratinib is indicated for the extended adjuvant treatment of early-stage HER2-overexpressed/amplified breast cancer, to follow adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy, as follows: […] Neratinib 120 mg PO daily on Days 1-7, then 160 mg PO daily on Days 8-14, then by 240 mg PO daily on Days 15-28 in cycle 1 followed by Neratinib 240 mg (ie, six 40-mg tablets) PO daily continuously for 1 year. Antidiarrheal prophylaxis required when starting therapy. […] Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for adjuvant setting only […] Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is approved as an adjuvant treatment for HER2-positive early breast cancer when the patient has received neoadjuvant treatment including a taxane and trastuzumab and there is residual disease in the tissue removed during surgery. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine 3.6 mg/kg IV on Day 1 every 3 weeks for 14 cycles.

• #66 Types of Breast Cancer Treatments

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/type/

  The goal of systemic therapy is to kill or disable cancer cells that may have spread from the breast to other parts of the body. […] Systemic therapy uses drug therapies that travel throughout the body to kill or disable cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill or disable cancer cells. […] For people with early breast cancer, chemotherapy may be given before or after breast surgery. […] In people with large tumors who need a mastectomy, chemotherapy may be used before surgery. […] Hormone therapy is a treatment that slows or stops the growth of these tumors by preventing the cancer cells from getting the estrogen they need to grow. […] Hormone therapy is usually given after surgery. […] HER2-targeted therapies are used to treat HER2-positive breast cancers. […] CDK4/6 inhibitors are drugs designed to interrupt the growth of cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy drugs help the body’s immune system attack cancer cells. […] PARP inhibitors work to stop PARP from repairing tumor DNA. […] Although the exact treatment for breast cancer varies from person to person, evidence-based guidelines help make sure high-quality care is given.

• #67 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy […] Adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors are recommended with patients a high risk for recurrence, as follows: […] Abemaciclib 150 mg PO BID for 2 years, in combination with endocrine therapy. Ribociclib 600 mg PO on Days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle for 3 years, in combination with daily endocrine therapy; although 600 mg is the approved dose, the NATALEE trial reported that a 400-mg dose improves tolerability while maintaining efficacy. Palbociclib 125 mg PO qDay for Days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle, in combination with aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy and in combination with fulvestrant in men or women with disease progression following endocrine therapy. […] Adjuvant poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy […] For patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancer at high risk for recurrence:

• #68 Targeted Therapy – National Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-targeted-therapy/

  Another targeted therapy, Bevacizumab, also known as Avastin, prevents tumors from making new blood vessels that could feed the tumor, essentially cutting off the cancer cells from all nutrients. […] Immunotherapy is a relatively new form of treatment for women with metastatic breast cancer. It uses the patient’s immune system to fight the cancer. […] PARP (poly-ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors are targeted drugs that are given to women with Stage 4 metastatic breast cancer who carry a breast cancer gene mutation. […] CDK4/6 inhibitors are used to treat ER+, HER2- Stage 4 metastatic breast cancer that has spread (metastasized) to other areas of the body. This treatment is also used in some patients with regionally advanced breast cancer (Stage 3). They are given in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as an initial endocrine-based therapy.

• #69 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Olaparib 300 mg PO BID every 4 weeks for 1 year. […] Adjuvant bisphosphonate therapy […] Consider in postmenopausal women at high risk for recurrence: […] Zoledronic acid 4 mg IV every 6 months for 3 years; q6mo dosing reduces osteonecrosis of the jaw. […] Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer […] Any tumor that is T1c and above or node positive should be considered for neoadjuvant therapy. This approach offers several advantages, the most prominent being that the tumor’s response to neoadjuvant therapy aids in predicting the likelihood of recurrence. This allows for the tailoring of adjuvant therapy. […] Chemoimmunotherapy […] Preoperative pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab: […] Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV on Day 1 plus paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 IV on Days 1, 8, and 15 plus carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 5 IV (see the Carboplatin AUC Dose Calculation [Calvert] calculator) on Day 1 every 3 weeks for cycles 1-4 followed by Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV on Day 1 plus doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 IV and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for cycles 5-8, then following surgery Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV on Day 1 every 3 weeks for nine cycles or 400 mg IV every 6 weeks for four cycles.

• #70 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Capecitabine 1000-1250 mg/m2 PO BID on Days 1-14 every 3 weeks for 6-8 cycles. […] PARP inhibitors […] Adjuvant olaparib monotherapy (for patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancer): […] Olaparib 300 mg PO BID every 4 weeks for 1 year. […] Neoadjuvant talazoparib (for patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancer) […] Can be considered as an alternative to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in these patients: […] Talazoparib 1 mg PO once daily for 24 weeks. […] Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Therapy for HER2-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer […] Any tumor that is T2 and above or node positive should be considered for neoadjuvant therapy. This approach offers several advantages, the most prominent being that the tumor’s response to neoadjuvant therapy aids in predicting the likelihood of recurrence. This allows for the tailoring of adjuvant therapy.

• #71 Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer – Cancer Research Institute

  https://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-types/breast-cancer

  Immunotherapy is a class of treatments that take advantage of a person’s own immune system to help kill cancer cells. There are several immunotherapy options for patients depending on their tumor type. […] Although treatment with trastuzumab and other HER2-directed therapies are associated with significant efficacy, only patients with the highest levels of HER2 expression, representing approximately 20% of breast cancer patients, have the potential to respond. […] New therapeutic strategies for breast cancer are needed to improve clinical outcomes for breast cancer patients, particularly those with advanced disease. Other immunotherapies are currently being tested in breast cancer clinical trials and several have shown impressive results. […] Because current treatments are unlikely to cure advanced breast cancer, patients in otherwise good health are encouraged to think about taking part in clinical trials.

• #72 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Consider the following: […] Stage I-II estrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease is usually treated with upfront surgery. Locally advanced (stage III) ER+ disease can be treated with neoadjuvant therapy. The goal of neoadjuvant treatment is to induce a tumor response before surgery and enable breast conservation. For neoadjuvant treatment, chemotherapy is usually preferred. However, endocrine therapy may be considered in some cases (especially in postmenopausal patients who cannot receive chemotherapy and those with multiple comorbidities). Patient who undergo upfront surgery can qualify for adjuvant chemotherapy based on gene expression profiling such as the Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, or Prosigna. Almost all patients with ER+ (especially those with ER expression 10%) breast cancer should be evaluated for adjuvant endocrine therapy. Patients at high risk for recurrence should be evaluated for adjuvant treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Postmenopausal women at high risk for recurrence can be evaluated for adjuvant treatment with a bisphosphonate.

• #73 Treatment Options | Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://tnbcfoundation.org/living-with-tnbc/treatment-options

  The ADC sacituzumab (brand name Trodelvy) is approved for locally advanced and/or metastatic TNBC for those who have already received two or more systemic therapies (at least one of them for metastatic disease). […] Using medicines, immunotherapy boosts your immune system so that it can do a better job of recognizing and fighting cancer cells. […] Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is an immunotherapy drug that targets the PD-1 protein. […] A clinical trial is a research study that investigates new or emerging treatments for a disease and compares these treatments to established protocol to determine their effectiveness, safety or new usage.

• #74 Treatment Options | Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://tnbcfoundation.org/living-with-tnbc/treatment-options

  Chemotherapy is the most effective systemic treatment for triple negative breast cancer. […] When triple negative breast cancers are found early, response rates to chemotherapy are high. […] Doctors try to lessen the chance of a metastatic recurrence by treating the whole body, including any areas where very tiny cancer cells may have traveled. […] Radiation is a local therapy that kills cancer cells left after surgery in the area where the breast cancer was found. It helps protect you from a local recurrence, cancer coming back in the same place. […] If you have a lumpectomy, you will need radiation to kill any cancer cells left in the breast and sometimes in the underarm area. […] Antibody-Drug Conjugates (also known as ADCs) help target and deliver chemotherapy directly into cancer cells and surrounding tissue, leading to higher efficacy and reduced damage to surrounding normal, healthy cells.

• #75 Treatment Options | Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://tnbcfoundation.org/living-with-tnbc/treatment-options

  The ADC sacituzumab (brand name Trodelvy) is approved for locally advanced and/or metastatic TNBC for those who have already received two or more systemic therapies (at least one of them for metastatic disease). […] Using medicines, immunotherapy boosts your immune system so that it can do a better job of recognizing and fighting cancer cells. […] Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is an immunotherapy drug that targets the PD-1 protein. […] A clinical trial is a research study that investigates new or emerging treatments for a disease and compares these treatments to established protocol to determine their effectiveness, safety or new usage.

• #76 Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq

  If cancer is found, tests are done to study the cancer cells. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. […] The treatment of breast cancer depends partly on the stage of the disease. […] Treatment of early, localized, or operable breast cancer may include: Breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy. […] Postoperative systemic therapy is given to lessen the chance the cancer will come back after surgery to remove the tumor. […] Treatment options for metastatic breast cancer (cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body) may include: Hormone therapy, Targeted therapy, Chemotherapy, Surgery, Radiation therapy. […] Treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ may include: Breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy, with or without tamoxifen.

• #77 Breast Cancer Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0800/p171.html

  Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage. Stage 0 is ductal carcinoma in situ, which is noninvasive but progresses to invasive cancer in up to 40% of patients. Ductal carcinoma in situ is treated with lumpectomy and radiation or with mastectomy. If ductal carcinoma in situ is estrogen receptor-positive, patients may also receive endocrine therapy. Early invasive stages (I, IIa, IIb) and locally advanced stages (IIIa, IIIb, IIIc) are nonmetastatic and have three treatment phases. The preoperative phase uses systemic endocrine or immunotherapies when tumors express estrogen, progesterone, or ERBB2 receptors. Preoperative chemotherapy may also be used and is the only option when tumors have none of those three receptors. There are two options for the surgical phase with similar survival rates; a lumpectomy with radiation if the tumor can be excised completely with good cosmetic results, or a mastectomy. The postoperative phase includes radiation, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Postmenopausal women should also be offered postoperative bisphosphonates. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer is treatable but not curable. Treatment goals include improving the length and quality of life.

• #78 Breast Cancer Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0800/p171.html

  Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage. Stage 0 is ductal carcinoma in situ, which is noninvasive but progresses to invasive cancer in up to 40% of patients. Ductal carcinoma in situ is treated with lumpectomy and radiation or with mastectomy. If ductal carcinoma in situ is estrogen receptor-positive, patients may also receive endocrine therapy. Early invasive stages (I, IIa, IIb) and locally advanced stages (IIIa, IIIb, IIIc) are nonmetastatic and have three treatment phases. The preoperative phase uses systemic endocrine or immunotherapies when tumors express estrogen, progesterone, or ERBB2 receptors. Preoperative chemotherapy may also be used and is the only option when tumors have none of those three receptors. There are two options for the surgical phase with similar survival rates; a lumpectomy with radiation if the tumor can be excised completely with good cosmetic results, or a mastectomy. The postoperative phase includes radiation, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Postmenopausal women should also be offered postoperative bisphosphonates. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer is treatable but not curable. Treatment goals include improving the length and quality of life.

• #79 Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/

  Treatment for early invasive breast cancers includes some combination of surgery, radiation therapy and drug therapy (such as chemotherapy). […] Everyone who’s had breast cancer is at risk of recurrence (return of breast cancer), but risk varies greatly from person to person. Most people diagnosed with breast cancer will never have a recurrence. […] Over the past 40 years, breast cancer treatment has greatly improved due to findings from clinical trials. Research is ongoing to improve treatment for breast cancer. New therapies are being studied in clinical trials. […] Perhaps the most promising treatments under study for breast cancer are targeted therapies. Unlike many standard treatments, targeted therapies attack specific cancer cells and leave healthy cells alone. The hope is they may help limit side effects and improve survival.

• #80 Breast Cancer Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0800/p171.html

  The treatment of breast cancer requires a multi-disciplinary team of specialists in medical, surgical, and radiation oncology. […] Patients with advanced breast cancer and metastases to the bones should be offered treatment with denosumab (Prolia) or bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid (Reclast) or pamidronate (Aredia). […] For locally recurrent breast cancer initially treated with breast conserving therapy (i.e., lumpectomy plus radiation), further radiation is not recommended; total mastectomy is the standard of care. […] The treatment of recurrent breast cancer requires a multi-disciplinary approach that considers all potential options for optimal outcomes. For locally recurrent breast cancer initially treated with breast-conserving therapy (i.e., lumpectomy plus radiation), additional radiation is not recommended; total mastectomy is the standard of care.

• #81 Treatments for breast cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/treatment

  Your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. The plan is based on your health and specific information about the cancer. What you want is also important when planning treatment. When deciding which treatments to offer for breast cancer, your healthcare team will consider: […] Surgery is the main treatment for breast cancer. Other treatments are also used in combination to treat breast cancer, including radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. […] Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is usually treated with surgery, radiation therapy and hormone therapy. […] Early-stage breast cancer is often treated with surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy. Chemotherapy may also be used. […] Locally advanced breast cancer is often treated with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, surgery and radiation therapy.

• #82 Treatment for breast cancer in women – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-women/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-women/

  The main treatment for breast cancer in women and people with breasts is usually surgery. Other common treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, treatment with hormones (hormone therapy), and targeted medicines and immunotherapy. […] Surgery is usually the main treatment for breast cancer. The type of surgery you may have depends on you how big the cancer is and if it has spread. […] Radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] Hormone therapy uses medicines to either lower the amount of certain hormones in the body or block certain hormones from getting to breast cancer cells. […] Targeted medicines kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is where medicines are used to help your immune system kill cancer. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with secondary or advanced breast cancer, it may be hard to treat and not possible to cure. The aim of treatment will be to slow down the spread of the cancer, to help with the symptoms, help you feel better and help you live longer.

• #83 Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65969/

  Treatment for breast cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed. […] Treatment of early, localized, or operable breast cancer may include: Breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy. […] Treatment of locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer is a combination of therapies that may include: Surgery (breast-conserving surgery or total mastectomy) with lymph node dissection. […] Treatment options for metastatic breast cancer (cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body) may include: Hormone therapy, Targeted therapy, Chemotherapy, Surgery, Radiation therapy. […] Treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ may include: Breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy, with or without tamoxifen.

• #84 Breast Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/breast-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/

  Patients with TNBC or operable early-stage, HER-2 positive, ERBB2-positive breast cancer may receive preoperative systemic therapy to shrink the tumor before the operation. […] Systemic adjuvant therapy following surgery is preferred in early-stage disease to reduce the risk for recurrence. […] The NCCN recommends adjuvant endocrine therapy for all patients with ER-positive or PR-positive disease, regardless of their age, lymph node status, and other adjuvant therapies. […] Treatment regimens vary based on ERBB2 expression. […] Patients with ERBB2-positive breast cancer are recommended to receive targeted therapy. […] Patients with ERBB2-negative breast cancer or with high-risk TNBC cannot be treated with trastuzumab. […] After adjuvant chemotherapy, maintenance therapy with capecitabine may be useful for ERBB2-negative TNBC.

• #85 HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Guide | BCRF

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/her2-positive-breast-cancer-treatment-research/

  In the decades that followed Herceptin approval, researchers developed other HER2-targeted therapies. […] Drugs to target HER2 were also developed for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. […] As technology improved, researchers found ways to engineer antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that are composed of a HER2-specific antibody linked to a potent drug. […] Although significant progress has been made in HER2-positive breast cancer treatment, resistance to therapies can develop over time and tumors may recur. […] Currently, there are over 10 ADCs and more than four TKIs in development. […] With the development of HER2-targeted agents, HER2-positive breast cancer is now a treatable disease and outcomes have dramatically improved for these patients. […] Currently, survival rates exceed 90 percent in HER2-positive breast cancer that is diagnosed early and treated with chemotherapy and dual antibody therapy.

• #86 Treatment Options | Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://tnbcfoundation.org/living-with-tnbc/treatment-options

  Doctors use the same tests and surgeries to figure out treatments for triple-negative breast cancers as they do for other kinds of breast cancer. Your treatment will be based on tumor size, tumor grade and whether the cancer has traveled to your lymph nodes or other parts of your body. Standard treatment options for triple negative breast cancer include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. […] Your doctor will likely recommend some type of surgery, with the goal of removing the cancer from your breast. […] You are likely to receive chemotherapy, medicine that kills cancer cells everywhere in your body. This type of treatment is called systemic, or whole-body, therapy, and it may be given by vein or in some cases by pill. The goal of chemotherapy is to prevent metastasis, when breast cancer comes back and spreads to other parts of the body.

• #87 Breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/breast-cancer-supportive-therapy/about/pac-20385258

  Breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship services help you feel better during and after breast cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer supportive therapy generally refers to services that help you feel better during treatment. Supportive therapy includes a wide variety of services to manage issues surrounding a cancer diagnosis. Supportive therapy can help you with the physical and emotional side effects of cancer treatment. […] The goal of breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship services is to help you feel better during and after cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer supportive therapy generally refers to services that help you feel better during cancer treatment. These services may help you cope with the physical and emotional side effects of cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer survivorship services generally refers to support that continues after treatment. These services often include making a plan for your care after breast cancer treatment.

• #88 Treatments | Breast Cancer | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/breast-cancer/creating-treatment-plan/treatments

  There are many effective treatments available for breast cancer, and no two patients treatment plans will look exactly alike. […] Your treatment plan likely will include one or more of these options: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Biological therapy, Hormone therapy, Breast reconstruction surgery. […] Lymphedema, swelling in the arms and legs, is an unfortunate side effect that can occur after breast surgery or radiation therapy. […] As part of your treatment plan, your care team may discuss your eligibility to participate in one or more clinical trials. […] Mastectomy is required when a lumpectomy cannot be done. […] Not all patients with breast cancer need chemotherapy. […] Radiation therapy is required to destroy any microscopic breast cancer cells in the: Breast after a lumpectomy operation, Chest wall after a mastectomy if the tumor is greater than 5 centimeters, Lymph nodes along with the breast or chest wall if the lymph nodes contain cancer.

• #89 Breast Cancer Treatment Options – National Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-treatment/

  Biologic targeted therapy uses drugs to attack or block the growth of breast cancer cells in specific ways, without harming normal cells. […] Each type of breast cancer treatment comes with unique side effects, many of which can be managed through collaboration with your care team. […] Standard treatments are approved methods to treat breast cancer. Clinical trials are research studies that may help improve treatments. […] Eating well and participating in physical activity during breast cancer treatment may help improve a patient’s overall physical and mental well-being. […] Follow-up care through regular appointments with your care team can ensure that any changes in your health are noted and treated, if needed. […] Bone health is important, no matter your age. Learn how to live a bone-healthy life and how breast cancer treatments can impact bone health. […] The most common form of treatment for breast cancer is surgery.

• #90 Breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/breast-cancer-supportive-therapy/about/pac-20385258

  Breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship services help you feel better during and after breast cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer supportive therapy generally refers to services that help you feel better during treatment. Supportive therapy includes a wide variety of services to manage issues surrounding a cancer diagnosis. Supportive therapy can help you with the physical and emotional side effects of cancer treatment. […] The goal of breast cancer supportive therapy and survivorship services is to help you feel better during and after cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer supportive therapy generally refers to services that help you feel better during cancer treatment. These services may help you cope with the physical and emotional side effects of cancer treatment. […] Breast cancer survivorship services generally refers to support that continues after treatment. These services often include making a plan for your care after breast cancer treatment.

• #91 Breast Cancer Treatment Options – National Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-treatment/

  Biologic targeted therapy uses drugs to attack or block the growth of breast cancer cells in specific ways, without harming normal cells. […] Each type of breast cancer treatment comes with unique side effects, many of which can be managed through collaboration with your care team. […] Standard treatments are approved methods to treat breast cancer. Clinical trials are research studies that may help improve treatments. […] Eating well and participating in physical activity during breast cancer treatment may help improve a patient’s overall physical and mental well-being. […] Follow-up care through regular appointments with your care team can ensure that any changes in your health are noted and treated, if needed. […] Bone health is important, no matter your age. Learn how to live a bone-healthy life and how breast cancer treatments can impact bone health. […] The most common form of treatment for breast cancer is surgery.

• #92 Breast Cancer Treatment | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/cancer-care/breast-health-program/breast-cancer-treatment

  Integrative Medicine for Breast Cancer […] During treatment, integrative medicine may help you feel better. It uses conventional approaches and complementary ones, like yoga and massage therapy. […] Palliative Medicine for Breast Cancer […] Our palliative care services can help improve quality of life for you and your family when you face a serious illness. This type of care focuses on your comfort. […] If youve just been diagnosed with breast cancer at another institution and are uncertain about your treatment options, Northwestern Medicine offers a second opinion with a qualified specialist. […] Through controlled research studies, known as clinical trials, you have access to advanced therapies and treatments for breast cancer at Northwestern Medicine.

• #93 Treatment of Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/treatment/index.html

  Talk to your cancer doctor about the treatment options available for your type and stage of cancer. Your doctor can explain the risks and benefits of each treatment and their side effects. […] Sometimes people get an opinion from more than one cancer doctor. This is called a „second opinion.” Getting a second opinion may help you choose the treatment that is right for you. […] Clinical trials use new treatment options to see if they are safe and effective. If you have cancer, you may want to take part. […] Complementary and alternative medicine are medicines and health practices that are not standard cancer treatments. Complementary medicine is used in addition to standard treatments. Alternative medicine is used instead of standard treatments. […] Many kinds of complementary and alternative medicine have not been tested scientifically and may not be safe. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits before you start any kind of complementary or alternative medicine.

• #94 Treatment for Breast Cancer | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/breast-cancer/treatment-overview.html

  Throughout treatment, your care team looks for signs of remission, disease progression, relapse, and refractory disease. […] After cancer treatment, we are still here for you. […] When your breast cancer is in remission and your active treatment ends, it is still important to get follow-up care on a regular basis. […] Follow-up for breast cancer usually means seeing your medical oncologist for a physical exam and having a mammogram. […] After breast cancer treatment, you are on a lifelong journey as a survivor.

• #95 Breast Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breast-cancer-therapy

  Most patients develop mild fatigue that builds up gradually over the course of therapy. […] The major goal of follow-up is, if possible, to detect and treat recurrences in the irradiated breast or lymph nodes and new cancers developing later in either breast before they can spread to other parts of the body. […] Partial breast irradiation with brachytherapy and IORT or IMRT is being explored and compared to whole breast irradiation.

• #96 Overview of Breast Cancer Therapy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6092031/

  Breast cancer treatment is multidisciplinary. The majority of women with early-stage breast cancer are candidates for breast-conserving surgery with radiotherapy or mastectomy. The risk of local recurrence and the chance of survival does not differ with these approaches. Sentinel node biopsy is used for axillary staging, and individualized approaches are minimizing the need for axillary dissection in sentinel node-positive women. Adjuvant systemic therapy is used in the majority of women based on proven survival benefit, and molecular profiling to individualize treatment based on risk is now a clinical reality for patients with hormone receptor-positive cancers. Follow-up surveillance consists of a history, physical examination, and annual mammography. Following adjuvant systemic treatment, there is currently no evidence that routine imaging improves outcomes in the absence of symptoms. Novel modalities for early tumor detection are welcomed, but will need to demonstrate clinical utility in prospective trials.

• #97 Breast Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/breast-cancer-pharmacologic-treatment/

  Monitoring a patients health and adverse events during breast cancer treatment is imperative. […] Many pharmacologic treatments for cancer, particularly chemotherapies, exhibit off-target effects that increase toxic effects. […] Endocrine therapies also interfere with bone health and mineral density, increasing the risk for osteoporosis and fractures.

• #98 Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment of Noninvasive Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for ER-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006464-overview

  Regimens for premenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5y or Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 2-5 y, followed by an AI for a total of up to 10 y of endocrine therapy; this regimen is typically used for patients who are premenopausal at diagnosis and become postmenopausal during therapy; it has been shown to be more effective than a 5y course of tamoxifen. Ovarian function suppression (OFS) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (eg, goserelin 3.6 mg SC depot every 28 days [every-3-months therapy not recommended due to ovarian function escape]) added to tamoxifen or an AI, is associated with increased benefit in patients at high risk for recurrence. […] Regimens for postmenopausal patients: […] Tamoxifen 20 mg PO daily for 5 y or AIs for 5y, either alone or sequentially after 2-5 y of tamoxifen: anastrozole 1 mg PO daily or letrozole 2.5 mg PO daily or exemestane 25 mg PO daily.

• #99 Treatment of Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/treatment/index.html

  Talk to your cancer doctor about the treatment options available for your type and stage of cancer. Your doctor can explain the risks and benefits of each treatment and their side effects. […] Sometimes people get an opinion from more than one cancer doctor. This is called a „second opinion.” Getting a second opinion may help you choose the treatment that is right for you. […] Clinical trials use new treatment options to see if they are safe and effective. If you have cancer, you may want to take part. […] Complementary and alternative medicine are medicines and health practices that are not standard cancer treatments. Complementary medicine is used in addition to standard treatments. Alternative medicine is used instead of standard treatments. […] Many kinds of complementary and alternative medicine have not been tested scientifically and may not be safe. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits before you start any kind of complementary or alternative medicine.

• #100 HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Guide | BCRF

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/her2-positive-breast-cancer-treatment-research/

  In the decades that followed Herceptin approval, researchers developed other HER2-targeted therapies. […] Drugs to target HER2 were also developed for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. […] As technology improved, researchers found ways to engineer antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that are composed of a HER2-specific antibody linked to a potent drug. […] Although significant progress has been made in HER2-positive breast cancer treatment, resistance to therapies can develop over time and tumors may recur. […] Currently, there are over 10 ADCs and more than four TKIs in development. […] With the development of HER2-targeted agents, HER2-positive breast cancer is now a treatable disease and outcomes have dramatically improved for these patients. […] Currently, survival rates exceed 90 percent in HER2-positive breast cancer that is diagnosed early and treated with chemotherapy and dual antibody therapy.

• #101 Breast cancer: pathogenesis and treatments | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-02108-4

  Thermal ablation and cryoablation, as non-surgical techniques for tumor destruction, are increasingly being utilized for the local treatment of early breast cancer. […] Recent research goes beyond local treatment and explores the immune response against tumors induced by ablation. […] The surgical management of breast cancer is evolving towards a less is more approach, with a focus on preserving the Pectoralis muscle, conserving the breast tissue, and sparing the axillary lymph nodes. […] The prognosis of HER2+ breast cancer has significantly improved due to the development and refinement of anti-HER2 therapies. […] The emergence of cancer immunotherapy has brought about revolutionary advancements in the field of cancer treatment. […] The future treatment landscape of TNBC will probably involve novel combinations to extend the population of patients who might benefit from immunotherapies. […] In summary, advancement in understanding the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer form the foundation for improvements in systemic treatment. The paradigm of systemic therapy has shifted from traditional methods to subtype-specific and personalized approaches.

• #102 Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/

  Treatment for early invasive breast cancers includes some combination of surgery, radiation therapy and drug therapy (such as chemotherapy). […] Everyone who’s had breast cancer is at risk of recurrence (return of breast cancer), but risk varies greatly from person to person. Most people diagnosed with breast cancer will never have a recurrence. […] Over the past 40 years, breast cancer treatment has greatly improved due to findings from clinical trials. Research is ongoing to improve treatment for breast cancer. New therapies are being studied in clinical trials. […] Perhaps the most promising treatments under study for breast cancer are targeted therapies. Unlike many standard treatments, targeted therapies attack specific cancer cells and leave healthy cells alone. The hope is they may help limit side effects and improve survival.

• #103 Breast cancer: pathogenesis and treatments | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-02108-4

  Tracking the latest research advancements is crucial for deepening our understanding of breast cancer and enhancing treatment outcomes for patients. […] This comprehensive review provides a synthesis of the latest current knowledge, focusing on recent breakthroughs and emerging trends in the pathogenesis, progression, diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up management of breast cancer. […] Advances in precise molecular subtype diagnostics have accelerated the development of systemic treatment strategies for breast cancer in recent years, particularly in the areas of endocrine therapy and anti-HER2 therapy. The continuous introduction of new drugs and clinical trials has significantly improved patient survival outcomes. […] Local treatment of breast cancer is undergoing revolutionary changes, with the primary goals being precise excision within the smallest possible margins and the minimization of trauma.

• #104 Advances in Breast Cancer Care Mean More Hope and Survivorship for Patients

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/blog/breast-cancer-treatment

  There are more effective screenings and treatments for breast cancer than ever. Thanks to insightful research, better early detection, and more effective therapies, the death rate from breast cancer has dropped 43% from 1989 to 2020. […] The five-year relative survival rate for breast cancer is 99% when it is detected early and has not spread. Thats why early detection and comprehensive care remain very important to ensuring more patients have successful outcomes. […] The last few years have seen significant advances in how we detect and treat cancers of the breast. […] When cancer is detected, modern developments are helping to make even challenging cancers more treatable than ever before. […] There are several subtypes of breast cancer, and for every type we treat there have been treatment advances in recent years. From new immunotherapies and hormone therapy to targeted treatments, we have many more ways to treat breast cancers than even 10 years ago.

• #105 Breast Cancer Treatment | Treatment Options for Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment.html

  Typically, treatment is based on the type of breast cancer and its stage. Other factors, including your overall health, menopause status, and personal preferences are also taken into account. […] Its important to discuss all of your treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. […] Knowing all of your options and finding the resources you need will help you make informed decisions about your care.

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