Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer

  Breast cancer is when breast cells mutate and become cancerous cells that multiply and form tumors. Breast cancer typically affects women age 50 and older, but it can also affect men, as well as younger women. […] Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers that affects women. It happens when cancerous cells in your breasts multiply and become tumors. About 80% of breast cancer cases are invasive, meaning a tumor may spread from your breast to other areas of your body. […] The condition can affect your breasts in different ways. Some breast cancer symptoms are very distinctive. Others may simply seem like areas of your breast that look very different from any other area. Breast cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms either. But when it does, symptoms may include: A change in the size, shape or contour of your breast. A mass or lump, which may feel as small as a pea. A lump or thickening in or near your breast or in your underarm that persists through your menstrual cycle. A change in the look or feel of your skin on your breast or nipple. Your skin may look dimpled, puckered, scaly or inflamed. It may look red, purple or darker than other parts of your breast. A marble-like hardened area under your skin. A blood-stained or clear fluid discharge from your nipple.

• #2 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/breast-cancer.html

  Breast cancer symptoms vary from person to person and there is no exact definition of what a lump or mass feels like. […] Breast cancer symptoms may include: Lump or mass in the breast, Lump or mass in the armpit, Breast skin changes, including skin redness and thickening of the breast skin, resulting in an orange-peel texture, Dimpling or puckering on the breast, Discharge from the nipple, Scaliness on nipple, which sometimes extends to the areola, Nipple changes, including the nipple turning inward, pulling to one side or changing direction, An ulcer on the breast or nipple, sometimes extending to the areola, Swelling of the breast. […] These symptoms do not always mean you have breast cancer. However, it is important to discuss any symptoms with your doctor, since they may also signal other health problems.

• #3 Breast Cancer Symptoms: Early Signs and When to See a Doctor

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-symptoms

  Symptoms of breast cancer vary widely. They may include changes in the thickness of your skin or a new lump. You may also notice the shape of your breast change. […] Many people with breast cancer have no symptoms. They may not discover cancer until their routine mammogram. However, some people do experience early signs of breast cancer. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), these early signs may include: breast swelling with possible redness or discoloration, dimples or puckers on the skin, nipple turning inward, also known as nipple inversion, redness or discoloration, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast, nipple discharge that is not breast milk, a lump in the breast or underarm, swollen lymph nodes in the collarbone area or under your arm. […] A lump in the breast is the most common symptom. It occurs in about 83% of people with breast cancer. However, a person may also experience some less common symptoms. The above study reviewed the symptoms of 2,316 females to find less common breast cancer symptoms. The study notes several other symptoms that may occur, including: shortness of breath, back pain, abdominal pain, a new lump in the neck or armpit, fatigue, chronic cough, unexpected weight loss, a bruise on the breast, a swollen arm on the affected side.

• #4 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/understanding-breast-cancer-basics

  A lump under the breast, which you may or may not feel, is usually the first sign of breast cancer. […] The symptoms of breast cancer can include: A lump or thickened area in or near your breast or underarm that lasts through your period. […] A mass or lump, even if it feels as small as a pea. […] A change in your breasts size, shape, or curve. […] Nipple discharge that can be bloody or clear. […] Changes in the skin of your breast or your nipple. It could be dimpled, puckered, scaly, or inflamed. […] Red skin on your breast or nipple. […] Changes in the shape or position of your nipple. […] An area that’s different from any other area on either breast. […] A hard, marble-sized spot under your skin. […] Different types of breast cancer grow and spread at different rates. Some take years to spread beyond your breast, while others grow and spread quickly.

• #5 Breast Cancer Symptoms and Signs | City of Hope

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/symptoms

  Breast cancer is most often associated with having a breast lump. However, your symptoms may vary depending on your specific type of breast cancer. While its true that many patients have a lump, it is possible to have breast cancer with no lump. So its important to know the other signs and symptoms. […] In general, the body produces certain warning signs. The most common is the breast lump, which may be located anywhere along your chest wall to under your armpit. You may have nipple bleeding or discharge, as well as related pain. There may be redness and/or swelling in any area of the breast or in one breast and not the other, and your nipple could look flatter or caved in. […] Early detection of breast cancer is key when it comes to breast cancer treatment options. If you have concerns with any new changes in your breasts, ask your doctor to review your symptoms and determine whether theres a need for further evaluation.

• #6 Breast Cancer Symptoms and Signs | City of Hope

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/symptoms

  A painless lump in the breast is usually the first sign of breast cancer, though you may not feel it yourself. Instead, many lumps are detected by a routine screening mammogram. In fact, at the time of diagnosis, most women dont have any apparent signs of breast cancer. When the tumor is small in the early stages of breast cancer, its rarely noticeable to the touch or the naked eye. […] Symptoms of breast tumors vary from person to person. Some common, early warning signs of breast cancer include: Skin changes, such as swelling, redness, or other visible differences in one or both breasts; An increase in size or change in shape of the breast(s); Changes in the appearance of one or both nipples; Nipple discharge other than breast milk; General pain in/on any part of the breast; Lumps or nodes felt on or inside of the breast.

• #7 Signs of Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/signs-of-breast-cancer/

  No, because many symptoms of breast cancer are also associated with other medical conditions. In fact, most breast lumps indicate other, non-cancerous issues that typically arent serious, such as cysts, fibrocystic breast changes, fibroadenomas, and lipomas. […] Regardless, if you have any of the symptoms above, see your doctor to get the correct diagnosis. Some of these benign conditions such as complex fibroadenomas and multiple papillomas are considered uncontrollable risk factors for breast cancer in the future.

• #8 Symptoms — Know Your Lemons® for Early Detection

  https://www.knowyourlemons.org/symptoms

  But if one breast changes size, flattens, swells, or droops unexpectedly and doesn’t seem to be connected to your menstruation cycle this could be a sign of breast cancer. […] When the skin of the breast looks like the dimpled skin of an orange, this is a symptom of breast cancer known as peau dorange. […] Peau d’orange is a sign of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

• #9 Breast cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352470

  Breast and nipple changes can be a sign of breast cancer. Make an appointment with a healthcare professional if you notice any changes. […] Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include: A breast lump or thickened area of skin that feels different from the surrounding tissue. A nipple that looks flattened or turns inward. Changes in the color of the breast skin. In people with white skin, the breast skin may look pink or red. In people with brown and Black skin, the breast skin may look darker than the other skin on the chest or it may look red or purple. Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast. Changes to the skin over the breast, such as skin that looks dimpled or looks like an orange peel. Peeling, scaling, crusting or flaking of the skin on the breast. […] If you find a lump or other change in your breast, make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional. Don’t wait for your next mammogram to see if the change you found is breast cancer. Report any changes in your breasts even if a recent mammogram showed there was no breast cancer.

• #10 Symptoms of Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/symptoms/index.html

  Different people have different symptoms of breast cancer. […] Some warning signs of breast cancer are: New lump in the breast or underarm (armpit). Thickening or swelling of part of the breast. Irritation or dimpling of breast skin. Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area or the breast. Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area. Nipple discharge other than breast milk, including blood. Any change in the size or the shape of the breast. Pain in any area of the breast. […] If you have any signs or symptoms, be sure to see your doctor right away.

• #11 Breast cancer symptoms you shouldn’t ignore | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/breast-cancer-symptoms-you-shouldn-t-ignore.h10-1592991.html

  Most breast cancer symptoms are discovered by women during regular daily activities like bathing. Knowing how your breasts look and feel, and being alert for the signs and symptoms of breast cancer, like a lump, can help you detect the disease early, when it’s easiest to treat. […] If you experience any of the following breast cancer symptoms, even if they seem mild, see your doctor. […] A lump in the breast or armpit is the most common symptom of breast cancer. Patients often describe this as a ball or a nodule. Lumps may feel soft and rubbery or hard. […] Bevers advises women to see a doctor if they have one or more symptoms of breast cancer, no matter how mild they may seem. […] The earlier that breast cancer is detected, the better our chances of treating it successfully. […] And you shouldn’t ignore symptoms just because your breasts don’t hurt. Pain is rarely a symptom of breast cancer, she says.

• #12 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Stages, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://patient.info/cancer/breast-cancer-leaflet

  If you notice any lump or change to how your breast normally feels you should see a doctor promptly. […] The usual first sign is a painless lump in the breast. Note: most breast lumps are not cancerous (malignant). Most breast lumps are fluid-filled cysts or fibroadenomas (a clumping of glandular tissue) which are non-cancerous (benign). However, you should always see a doctor if a lump develops, as the breast lump may be cancerous (malignant). […] Other signs which may be noticed in the affected breast include: Changes in the size or shape of a breast. Dimpling or thickening of some of the skin on a part of a breast. The nipple turning in (becoming inverted). Rarely, a discharge occurring from a nipple (which may be bloodstained). A rare type of breast cancer, causing a rash around the nipple, which can look similar to a small patch of eczema. Rarely, pain in a breast. Note: pain is not a usual early symptom. Many women develop painful breasts (mastalgia) and this is not usually caused by cancer.

• #13 10 symptoms of breast cancer

  https://rgcf.org/details/news/10-symptoms-of-breast-cancer

  Experiencing pain is a definite sign to see your doctor. As the tumor inside of the breast grows, the pain typically increases, as more and more pressure is placed upon different areas within the chest. When the tumor reaches the skin, it can also cause very painful ulcers and skin abrasions. If the cancer spreads into the ribs, it can cause extreme pain.

• #14

  https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a62554937/uncommon-breast-cancer-symptoms/

  A persistent bloody discharge from the nipple. […] Pain is felt when the cancer causes compression or irritation of adjacent nerve endings. […] Women may feel pain when the tumor is compressing against or invading into the chest wall or upper arm nerves for example. […] Pain can also be felt when tumor cells or nearby tissues give off inflammatory substances that can activate pain receptors in the area. […] If you have symptoms of breast cancer, its important to get them checked out ASAP. […] Timely action is critical to get the best outcome. […] While its crucial to be aware of the symptoms of breast cancer and to take action if you notice them, its also vital to be on top of mammogram screenings. […] Most women who are diagnosed with breast cancer never have any signs or symptoms. […] The earlier you catch a cancer, the more likely you can cure it.

• #15 Breast Cancer Symptoms

  https://www.texasbreastspecialists.com/breast-cancer/symptoms

  Breast becomes swollen or warm to the touch […] Recurring itching, burning, or other pain in the breast […] Dimpled skin, like an orange peel […] Change in texture or color of the skin on the breast, including ridges, rash, pitted, puckering, and roughness […] Nipple discharge, flattening, or inversion […] Swelling of lymph nodes on the underarm or collar bone […] A persistent bruise; redness, pink, or reddish-purple coloration; or what looks like a bug bite on the breast […] Lump or thickening of the breast tissue […] Feeling the reflex of the release of milk from the breast, similar to nursing a baby.

• #16 Breast Cancer Symptoms and Signs | City of Hope

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/symptoms

  Symptoms more specific to invasive breast cancer are: Irritated or itchy breasts; Change in breast color; Increase in breast size or shape (over a short period of time); Changes in touch (may feel hard, tender or warm); Peeling or flaking of the nipple skin; A breast lump or thickening; Redness or pitting of the breast skin (like the skin of an orange). […] Non-invasive breast cancer is sometimes called stage 0 cancer. It is an early stage of breast cancer, meaning the tumor is often very small. Given that the primary symptom of breast cancer is an abnormal lump in the breast and non-invasive breast cancer usually comes with a tumor thats so small its only detectable by a mammogram, non-invasive breast cancer is unlikely to cause noticeable physical symptoms. […] Invasive breast cancer refers to breast cancer that spreads from the original site to other areas of the breast, the lymph nodes or elsewhere in the body. In these cancers that form in the ducts or lobules, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), the cancer spreads from the ducts or lobules to other tissue. Depending on the stage, you may notice symptoms.

• #17 Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms – National Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-symptoms-and-signs/

  Every person should know the signs and symptoms of breast cancer, and any time an abnormality is discovered, it should be investigated by a healthcare professional. […] Most people who have breast cancer signs and symptoms will initially notice only one or two, and the presence of these signs and symptoms do not automatically mean that you have breast cancer. […] By performing monthly breast self-exams, you will be able to more easily identify any changes in your breasts. Be sure to talk to your healthcare professional if you notice anything unusual. […] A nipple tenderness or a lump or thickening in or near the breast or underarm area. […] A change in the skin texture or an enlargement of pores in the skin of the breast (some describe this as similar to an orange peel’s texture). […] A lump in the breast (It’s important to remember that all lumps should be investigated by a healthcare professional, but not all lumps are cancerous.)

• #18 Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6147049/

  As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast. While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers, genetic predisposition, most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, is an important causative factor for this malignancy. Breast cancers can begin in different areas of the breast, such as the ducts, the lobules, or the tissue in between. […] It is important to distinguish between the various subtypes because they have different prognoses and treatment implications. […] As there are remarkable parallels between normal development and breast cancer progression at the molecular level, it has been postulated that breast cancer may be derived from mammary cancer stem cells.

• #19 Breast Cancer Symptoms and Early Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/understanding-breast-cancer-symptoms

  Ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. It begins in your milk ducts. About 1 in 5 new breast cancers are ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This means you have cancer in the cells that line your ducts, but it hasn’t spread into nearby tissue. […] Most of the time, DCIS doesn’t cause any symptoms. More than 90% of cases are found by an imaging test. But you could have: A lump, discharge from your nipple, itching in the breast area. […] Any type of breast cancer that’s spread from where it began into the tissues around it is called invasive or infiltrating. You may notice: A lump in your breast or armpit. You might not be able to move it separately from your skin or move it at all. […] Without treatment, breast cancer can spread to other parts of your body, including other organs. This is called metastatic, advanced, or secondary breast cancer. Depending on where it is, you may have: Bone pain, headache, changes in brain function, trouble breathing, belly swelling, yellow skin or eyes (jaundice), double vision, nausea, loss of appetite and weight loss, muscle weakness.

• #20 Breast cancer symptoms: Early signs, pictures, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327488

  In the early stages, invasive lobular carcinoma may not cause symptoms. Or, a person may experience: thickening or hardening of breast tissue rather than a distinct lump, an area of fullness or swelling in the breast, a change in the texture of the breasts skin, the nipple turning inward. […] Invasive ductal carcinoma begins in the cells that line the breasts milk ducts and invade surrounding breast tissue. Over time, cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes and other tissues. […] In its early stages, invasive ductal carcinoma may not cause symptoms. For some people, the first indication is a new lump or mass within the breast. People with this type of cancer may also experience: swelling of all or part of the breast, pain in the breast or nipple, skin dimpling, discoloration, scaling, or thickening of the nipple or skin, nipple discharge, the nipple turning inward, a lump in the underarm area.

• #21 Symptoms of breast cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/signs-and-symptoms

  Breast cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms in its early stages. Signs and symptoms often appear when the tumour grows large enough to be felt as a lump in the breast or when the cancer spreads to surrounding tissues and organs. […] The most common symptom of ductal carcinoma is a firm or hard lump that feels very different from the rest of the breast. It may feel like it is attached to the skin or the surrounding breast tissue. The lump doesnt get smaller or come and go with your period. It may be tender, but its usually not painful. (Pain is more often a symptom of a non-cancerous condition). […] Lobular carcinoma often does not form a lump. It feels more like the tissue in the breast is getting thicker or harder. […] Other symptoms of ductal and lobular breast cancer include: a lump in the armpit (called the axilla), changes in the shape or size of the breast, changes to the nipple, such as a nipple that suddenly starts to point inward (called an inverted nipple), discharge that comes out of the nipple without squeezing it or that has blood in it.

• #22 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Research | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare but very aggressive subtype of the disease, accounting for one to five percent of all breast cancers diagnosed in the U.S. The signs and symptoms of IBC differ from other breast cancers, and researchers are focused on gaining a better understanding of the disease particularly because of its fast-growing nature and prevalence in younger and Black women. Inflammatory breast cancer occurs when cancer cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast. When a lymph vessel is blocked, inflammation develops. In inflammatory breast cancer, this causes the breast to become swollen and red or inflamed. Most inflammatory breast cancers develop from cells that line the milk ducts of the breast and then spread beyond the ducts. This subset of invasive breast cancer spreads rapidly, often to nearby lymph nodes and sometimes to distant parts of the body.

• #23 Breast Cancer Symptoms and Signs | City of Hope

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/symptoms

  Invasive breast cancer symptoms may include: A lump or mass in the breast; Swelling of all or part of the breast, even if no lump is felt; Skin irritation or dimpling; Breast or nipple pain; Nipple retraction (turning inward); The nipple or breast skin appears red, scaly, or thickened; Nipple discharge; A lump or swelling in the underarm lymph nodes. […] Unlike other breast cancers, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) rarely causes breast lumps and may not appear on a mammogram. Inflammatory breast cancer symptoms include: Red, swollen, itchy breast that is tender to the touch; The surface of the breast may take on a ridged or pitted appearance, similar to an orange peel (often called peau dorange); Heaviness, burning, or aching in one breast; One breast is visibly larger than the other; Inverted nipple (facing inward); No mass is felt with a breast self-exam; Swollen lymph nodes under the arm and/or above the collarbone; Symptoms unresolved after a course of antibiotics.

• #24 Inflammatory breast cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/inflammatory-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20355413

  Inflammatory breast cancer often appears as an enlarged breast with thickened skin. The skin may look red, purple or bruised. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is a form of breast cancer that causes breast swelling and skin changes. […] Signs and symptoms of inflammatory breast cancer include: Fast change in the appearance of one breast, over the course of several weeks. Thickness, heaviness or swelling of one breast. Changes in skin color, giving the breast a red, purple, pink or bruised appearance. Unusual warmth of the affected breast. Dimpling or ridges on the skin of the affected breast, similar to an orange peel. Tenderness, pain or aching. Enlarged lymph nodes under the arm, above the collarbone or below the collarbone. Flattened nipple or nipple that turns inward on the affected breast.

• #25 Breast Cancer Symptoms and Signs | City of Hope

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/symptoms

  Symptoms of inflammatory breast cancer can develop rapidly, and the disease can progress quickly. Any sudden changes in the texture or appearance of the breast should be reported to your doctor immediately. […] Metastatic breast cancer symptoms depend on the part of the body to which the cancer has spread and its stage. Sometimes, metastatic disease may not cause any symptoms. […] If the breast or chest wall is affected, symptoms may include pain, nipple discharge, or a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm. […] If the bones are affected, symptoms may include pain, fractures, constipation or decreased alertness due to high calcium levels. […] If tumors form in the lungs, symptoms may include shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, coughing, chest wall pain or extreme fatigue.

• #26 5 lesser-known breast cancer symptoms | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/cancer/lesser-known-breast-cancer-symptoms

  Scaly, dry skin around the nipple. This can resemble a rash on the nipple, which may become red and irritated. The nipple may look like its scabbed over. This can be associated with benign causes, such as contact dermatitis or infection; however, it also can be a sign of a subtype of breast cancer called Pagets disease, which commonly only involves the nipple. […] Secretions other than milk from the nipple. While some women have milky discharge thats not a cause for concern, spontaneously producing nipple discharge can be a breast cancer symptom. If the fluid is clear or bloody, its especially a cause for concern. […] Swelling around the armpit or breast itself that creates a noticeable size difference. This can happen if the tumor extends into the armpit while rapidly growing. More commonly, there are lymph nodes in this area that are enlarging due to inflammatory changes associated with infection, allergies and recent vaccinations in that arm.

• #27 Breast Cancer Signs That Aren’t a Lump: Pain, Visible Changes

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/symptoms/6-signs-of-breast-cancer-that-arent-a-lump

  Changes in the nipple area may be a genetic malformation or alteration, but nipple retraction when the nipple becomes inverted may be a sign of cancer. […] Bleeding from the nipple may be limited and difficult to see, but if blood stains appear in a woman’s bra, pay attention. […] Any dimpling or thickening of breast skin that resembles an orange rind is a red flag. These symptoms are often associated with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a rare but aggressive disease that usually does not involve a lump and may not be detected by a mammogram. […] A red, scaly, flaky nipple, and any persistent skin change, including blood or fluid from the nipple, may be a sign of Paget’s disease of the breast, another rare form of breast cancer. […] Some patients with breast cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes may have no symptoms in the breast or changes in the structure of the breast, but they feel something unusual under their arm.

• #28 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Stages, Types, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer

  Breast cancer occurs when breast cells develop mutations and begin to divide and multiply. People may first notice a lump in the breast, discoloration, texture changes, or other symptoms. […] In its early stages, breast cancer may not cause any symptoms. In many cases, a tumor may be too small to be felt, but an abnormality can still be seen on a mammogram. […] If a tumor can be felt, the first sign is usually a new lump in the breast that was not there before. However, not all lumps are cancer. […] Symptoms of the most common breast cancers include: a breast lump or tissue thickening that feels different from surrounding tissue and is new, breast pain, discolored and pitted skin on your breast, swelling in all or part of your breast, a nipple discharge other than breast milk, bloody discharge from your nipple, peeling, scaling, or flaking of skin on your nipple or breast, a sudden, unexplained change in the shape or size of your breast, inverted nipple, changes to the appearance of the skin on your breasts, a lump or swelling under your arm.

• #28 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Stages, Types, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer

  If you have any of these symptoms, it doesn’t necessarily mean you have breast cancer. For instance, pain in your breast or a breast lump can be caused by a benign cyst. […] Still, if you find a lump in your breast or have other symptoms, speak with a doctor for further examination and testing. […] The uncontrolled cancer cells often invade other healthy breast tissue and can travel to the lymph nodes under the arms. Once the cancer enters the lymph nodes, it has access to a pathway to move to other body parts. […] Breast cancer has five main stages: stages 0 to 4. […] Stage 4 breast cancer can have a tumor of any size. Its cancer cells have spread to nearby and distant lymph nodes as well as distant organs. […] The testing a doctor does will determine the stage of your breast cancer, which will affect your treatment. […] If you notice any changes to your breast, such as a lump, swelling, or pain, reach out to a healthcare professional for advice. They can run some tests to identify what could be causing your symptoms.

• #29 Breast Cancer Symptoms By Stage (1-4) – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/breast-cancer-symptoms/

  Breast cancer symptoms should be understood, as well as how the disease progresses by stage. […] Depending on the stage and whether or not the cancer is an invasive form, patients may not experience any symptoms at all prior to a diagnosis. […] In this stage, it is still possible to not experience symptoms prior to diagnosis. However, there are still signs to look for that, while they are not surefire indicators of breast cancer, warrant a visit with a health care professional. These include: A lump that does not go away after a period, Hard lump with irregular edges, Changes to the shape of the nipple, Nipple discharge that is clear or red, brown, or yellow in color, Unexplained redness, swelling, and itchiness around the breast. […] As cancer at this stage either has not spread to lymph nodes or has not spread to distant nodes, patients who experience symptoms at this stage are likely facing those similar to that of stage 1.

• #30 Breast Cancer Stages 0–4: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/stages-of-breast-cancer-8362458

  To determine how advanced a case of breast cancer is, healthcare providers use the American Joint Committee on Cancer breast cancer classification system. […] Breast cancer classification considers the tumors size, if the cancer is in the lymph nodes, and if it has spread to other organs. […] The higher the stage, the more advanced the cancer is. Treatment options will typically be more aggressive for more advanced cancers, and the prognosis, or outlook, is worse. […] Stage 0 breast cancer generally has no signs or symptoms. […] One potential symptom is slight discharge from the nipple. […] Stage 1 breast cancer typically has started to grow into surrounding breast tissues. […] The most common symptom of early breast cancer is a new lump or mass. […] Stage 2 breast cancers may cause symptoms like breast or nipple pain, dry or flaking nipple or breast skin, and nipple discharge (other than breast milk).

• #30 Breast Cancer Stages 0–4: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/stages-of-breast-cancer-8362458

  Symptoms of invasive breast cancers are similar to earlier-stage cancers. […] They can include breast skin that is red, dimpled, or puckered, an unexplained rash on the breast, fluid coming out of the nipple (that is not breast milk), a lump near the breast or armpit, and a change in the shape or feel of the breast. […] Common symptoms of advanced cancers include pain, fatigue and weakness, loss of appetite, weight changes, nausea and vomiting, constipation, shortness of breath, and bone pain that becomes constant, fractures. […] The five-year survival rate for distant (stage 4) breast cancer is 31%.

• #31 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer

  Breast cancer survival rates vary based on several factors, like whether the cancer is invasive or noninvasive, the cancer type and the cancer stage. According to data kept by the National Cancer Institute (U.S.), overall, 91% of people with breast cancer were alive five years after diagnosis. […] Right now, more people are being diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer meaning they’re diagnosed when it’s easier to treat and fewer people are dying of breast cancer. Data shows 99% of people with early-stage breast cancer were alive five years after diagnosis. In some cases, they may be considered cured of breast cancer. But breast cancer can come back, and when it does, it may come back as metastatic breast cancer.

• #32

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/conditions-diseases/breast-cancer/symptoms-causes

  Breast cancer symptoms include: […] A painless lump in the breast […] Bleeding or unusual discharge from the nipple […] Dimpled or puckered skin over the breast […] Persistent itch and rash around the nipple […] Pulled in or retracted nipple […] Swollen and thickened skin over the breast. […] Stage 0 and 1 breast cancers have close to 100% relative survival rates at 5 years, while Stage 2 and 3 breast cancers have lower 5-year relative survival rates of 90% and 70% respectively. Stage 4 breast cancer, however, has a relative 5-year survival rate of 23%.

• #33 Breast Cancer Symptoms By Stage (1-4) – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/breast-cancer-symptoms/

  At stage 3, other symptoms may appear depending on where the cancer has spread. If it has spread to the skin, patients may experience a new lump, additional redness and swelling, and possible ulcerations. […] The effects of metastasized breast cancer may include not only existing breast cancer symptoms that can start at earlier stages, but also symptoms that may affect the parts of the body where the cancer has spread. If the cancer has metastasized to the lungs, patients may experience chest pains or a chronic cough. Metastasis to the liver could cause jaundice, nausea, and abdominal pain. Cancer that has spread to the bone can cause additional swelling and susceptibility to breaks. If it has spread to the brain, patients could potentially experience seizures, headaches, and even behavioral changes. […] At stage 4, patients with breast cancer may also experience symptoms not necessarily specific to the affected organs, such as fatigue and unexplained weight loss.

• #34 Metastatic Breast Cancer Symptoms: Insights and Advice – Ezra

  https://ezra.com/blog/metastatic-breast-cancer-symptoms

  Metastatic breast cancer, also called Stage IV breast cancer, is a type of breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast to the lymph nodes and other parts of the body. […] This spread (metastasis) can occur when cancer cells enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. […] Signs and symptoms of metastatic breast cancer may include general conditions such as unexpected weight loss and poor appetite that occur alongside more specific symptoms based on the size or extent of tumors, the type of breast cancer, and the location of the metastasis. […] Bone metastasis: Bone pain and bone fractures are most common. High calcium levels may occur due to bone loss, leading to symptoms like loss of appetite, nausea, thirst, and confusion. […] Liver metastasis: Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), itching, or abnormal liver enzymes may be detected on blood tests.

• #35 Symptoms of secondary breast cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/secondary/symptoms

  Secondary breast cancer means that a cancer that began in the breast has spread to another part of the body. It is also called advanced or metastatic breast cancer. […] The general symptoms of secondary breast cancer include: tiredness (fatigue), difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, feeling or being sick, pain. […] Bone pain is the most common symptom of breast cancer that has spread to the bones. Your bones might also become weaker and more likely to break (fracture). […] You may have any of the following symptoms if cancer has spread to your liver: tiredness, pain on the right side of your tummy (abdomen) where the liver is, feeling sick (nausea), loss of appetite, a swollen abdomen, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), itchy skin. […] You may have any of these symptoms if your cancer has spread into the lungs: a cough that doesn’t go away, shortness of breath, ongoing chest infections, chest pain, coughing up blood, a build up of fluid between the chest wall and the lung (a pleural effusion).

• #36 Symptoms of breast cancer in women – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-women/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-women/

  Symptoms of breast cancer in women may include: a lump, or swelling in your breast, chest or armpit […] nipple discharge (if you are not pregnant or breastfeeding), which may have blood in it […] pain in your breast or armpit which does not go away breast pain that comes and goes is usually not a symptom of breast cancer […] If breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body it’s called secondary breast cancer. The symptoms depend on which part of the body the cancer has spread to. […] You may also have general symptoms including: feeling tired or having no energy […] loss of appetite or losing weight without trying to […] feeling unwell with no clear cause […] difficulty sleeping.

• #37 Secondary breast cancer symptoms | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer-symptoms/

  Secondary breast cancer occurs when breast cancer cells spread from the primary (first) cancer in the breast to other parts of the body. […] Many symptoms of secondary breast cancer are very similar to those of other conditions. Any new symptom will understandably cause worry. It is always important to get any concerns checked out. […] Some general symptoms that breast cancer may have spread include: Feeling constantly tired, Constant nausea (feeling sick), Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite. […] The main symptoms of secondary breast cancer in the bone include: Pain in your bones, which doesn’t get better with pain relief and may be worse when lying down or at night, Bone fractures (breaks), Unexplained back pain, difficulty walking, numbness and loss of bladder or bowel control.

• #38 Secondary breast cancer symptoms | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer-symptoms/

  Symptoms of secondary breast cancer in the lungs include: Feeling out of breath either when doing activity or resting, A cough that doesn’t go away, Pain or tightness in the chest that doesn’t go away. […] Symptoms of secondary breast cancer in the liver include: Pain in the tummy (abdomen) which may also be felt in the right shoulder, Discomfort or pain in the right side of the abdomen under the ribs, Feeling sick (nausea), Loss of appetite and weight loss, Hiccups, Build-up of fluid in the abdomen causing swelling (ascites), A general feeling of being unwell, Feeling constantly tired, Itching and yellowing of the skin (jaundice). […] Symptoms of secondary breast cancer in the brain include: Headache, Feeling sick (nausea) and being sick (vomiting) especially when waking in the morning, Weakness or feeling numb down one side of the body, Dizziness, unsteadiness or loss of balance and co-ordination, Fits (seizures), Difficulty with speech, Problems with vision, Changes in behaviour, mood or personality, Confusion, Memory problems.

• #39 Breast Cancer Symptoms and Signs | City of Hope

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/symptoms

  If the liver is affected, symptoms may include nausea, extreme fatigue, increased abdominal girth, swelling of the feet and hands due to fluid collection and yellowing or itchy skin. […] If breast cancer spreads to the brain or spinal cord and forms tumors, symptoms may include pain, confusion, memory loss, headache, blurred or double vision, difficulty with speech, difficulty with movement or seizures.

• #40 Secondary breast cancer symptoms | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer/secondary-breast-cancer-symptoms/

  Symptoms of secondary breast cancer in the skin include: A change in the colour of the skin, A persistent rash, A firm, painless small lump (nodule) or multiple lumps of different sizes, Lymphoedema (swelling of the arm, hand or breast area), Pain, Bleeding, Infection, Smell. […] Signs that breast cancer has spread to the lymph nodes include: A lump or swelling under your arm, breastbone or collarbone area, Swelling in your arm or hand, Pain, Dry cough. […] It’s important to talk to your GP or breast care nurse if you have any symptoms that are: New, Don’t have an obvious cause, Don’t go away. This also applies to new symptoms if you have already been diagnosed with secondary breast cancer as it may be a sign of the cancer progressing.

• #41 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/understanding-breast-cancer-basics

  Breast cancer usually begins either in your glands that make milk (called lobular carcinoma) or the ducts that carry it to the nipple (called ductal carcinoma). It can grow larger in your breast and spread to nearby lymph nodes or through your bloodstream to other organs. The cancer may grow and invade tissue around your breast, such as your skin or chest wall. […] If a woman’s breast cancer spreads to nearby lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate is closer to 86%. […] If the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, like the lungs, liver, and bones, the chance of living at least 5 more years is 31%.

• #42 Breast Cancer Signs, Symptoms and Understanding an Imaging Report | Saint John’s Cancer Institute

  https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/breast/breast-cancer/

  Breast cancer is usually associated with any symptoms. Most patient who presents with cancer will not have noted any changes in their health. Some early signs that warrant work up for possible cancer include bloody nipple discharge, skin dimpling and or retraction of the nipple. […] Not all breast cancers spread at the same rate. Some can be faster growing like the more aggressive types like triple negative breast cancer however most change or spread can take several months to several years. […] Triple negative breast cancer tends to be considered the worst type of breast cancer due to the tendency for rapid growth and limited treatment options. However, even within the triple negative breast cancer category there are different behaving cancers. It is best to discuss the diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis with your physician. […] Most patients do not feel unwell when they have breast cancer. In fact the majority of patients do not feel any changes. […] Breast cancer is rarely associated with pain.

• #43 Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6147049/

  Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer, especially for triple-negative breast cancer. […] Invasive breast cancers have cancer cells that invade and spread outside of the normal breast lobules and ducts, growing into the surrounding breast stromal tissue. […] About two-thirds of women with an invasive form of breast cancer are 55 or older when they are diagnosed. Invasive carcinomas have the potential to spread to other sites of the body, such as the lymph nodes or other organs and to form metastases thus entering the classification of metastatic breast cancers. […] Metastatic breast cancers, also known as stage IV or advanced breast cancers, are late stage breast cancers, which have spread to other organs in the body. […] Even after the primary tumor is removed, microscopic tumor cells or micro-metastases may remain in the body, which allows the cancer to return and disseminate. […] Unfortunately, approximately 30% of the women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer will develop a metastatic form of the disease.

• #44 Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq

  The TNM system is used to describe the size of the primary tumor and the spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body. […] The prognosis and treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer (the size of the tumor and whether it is in the breast only or has spread to lymph nodes or other places in the body).

• #45 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Research | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Survival rates are estimates of how likely someone will survive cancer for a specific amount of time after the initial diagnosis or start of treatment compared to those without cancer. For inflammatory breast cancer, the overall five-year relative survival rate is 40 percent in the U.S. However, several factors come into play when estimating survival rates for inflammatory breast cancer: the stage of cancer, a person’s age and general health, and how well the treatment plan works. If the cancer has spread to the regional lymph nodes, the five-year relative survival rate is 54 percent. If the cancer has spread to a distant part of the body, the five-year relative survival rate is 19 percent.

• #46 Breast cancer (female) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-female/

  Breast cancer can have a number of symptoms, but the first noticeable symptom is usually a lump or area of thickened breast tissue. […] You should also speak to your GP if you notice any of the following: a change in the size or shape of one or both breasts, discharge from either of your nipples (which may be streaked with blood), a lump or swelling in either of your armpits, dimpling on the skin of your breasts, a rash on or around your nipple, a change in the appearance of your nipple, such as becoming sunken into your breast. […] The first symptom of breast cancer most women notice is a lump or an area of thickened tissue in their breast. […] Breast pain alone isn’t a symptom of breast cancer. […] If cancer is detected at an early stage, it can be treated before it spreads to nearby parts of the body.

• #47 Breast Cancer Symptoms | Young Adults Facing Breast Cancer Together | Young Survival Coalition

  https://youngsurvival.org/breast-cancer-symptoms

  Young adults CAN and DO get breast cancer. When it comes to breast cancer symptoms and signs of the disease, you are looking for more than just a lump. Breast cancer statistics show that nearly 80% of young adults find their abnormality themselves. So it’s important to get familiar with your breasts and aware of the signs and symptoms. Tell your doctor right away if you notice any changes in your breasts. […] Symptoms to Look Out for Include: A lump or unusual thickening in the breast or underarm area, A change in color or rash on the skin of the breast, Unusual nipple discharge, Swelling of all or part of the breast, A change in size or shape of the breast, Itchy, sore or scaling of the nipple, Dimpling on breast skin or nipple turning inward, Breast or nipple pain that does not go away. […] Consult your physician if you experience any of the above symptoms of breast cancer. If your concern is not taken seriously, you may have to insist on discussing whether further testing is appropriate in order to rule out a breast cancer diagnosis.

• #48 Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms – National Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-symptoms-and-signs/

  Any unexplained change in the size or shape of the breast. […] Dimpling anywhere on the breast. […] Unexplained swelling of the breast (especially if on one side only). […] Unexplained shrinkage of the breast (especially if on one side only). […] Recent asymmetry (unequal or lack of sameness) of the breasts. […] A nipple that is turned slightly inward or inverted. […] Skin of the breast, areola, or nipple that becomes scaly, red, or swollen or may have ridges or pitting resembling the skin of an orange. […] It is also important to note that a milky discharge that is present when a woman is not breastfeeding should be checked by her doctor, although it is not linked with breast cancer. […] Let your doctor know about any nipple discharge, clear, bloody or milky. The most concerning discharges are bloody or clear.

• #49 Signs of Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/signs-of-breast-cancer/

  If youve ever noticed a lump in your breast, you know how alarming it can be, considering that a breast lump is the best-known sign of breast cancer. […] Symptoms of breast cancer vary from person to person, but the most common sign is a new lump or mass. […] In its earliest stages, breast cancer may not cause symptoms. When it does, the most common signs of breast cancer are a lump, swelling, and/or pain. […] Many breast cancers are detected by routine breast cancer screening (via mammograms, ultrasounds, or MRI) before theres any lump or other sign of breast cancer noted above. […] Not all types of breast cancer cause the same symptoms. For example, a lump is usually not present in inflammatory breast cancer. […] Signs of breast cancer in men are very similar to those in women. They include a painless lump or thickening in the breast tissue; changes to the skin covering the breast, such as dimpling, puckering, redness, or scaling; changes to the nipple, such as redness or scaling; a nipple that begins to turn inward; and discharge from the nipple.

• #50 Symptoms of breast cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/symptoms

  One nipple might turn in or sink into the breast. It might look or feel different than usual. […] Your symptoms may not be due to breast cancer, and they may not make you feel unwell. But it is important that any symptoms you have are checked by a doctor, even if you are feeling well. […] The earlier a cancer is picked up, the easier it is to treat it and the more likely the treatment is to be successful. […] Some women diagnosed with breast cancer do not have any symptoms. They are diagnosed after having a mammogram as part of their breast cancer screening programme. […] Pam was referred by her GP to the hospital. This is her story about her diagnosis and treatment. „I noticed my left nipple was permanently inverted. I went to my GP as I knew this could be a warning sign of breast cancer.”

• #51 Breast cancer symptoms: Common and lesser known | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/breast-cancer-signs-and-symptoms/

  But if you’ve been having localized breast pain that doesn’t go away and you’re not sure what’s causing it, don’t ignore it. […] Many women who are diagnosed with breast cancer say they didn’t notice any symptoms before their diagnosis. […] Thanks in large part to earlier detection and advances in breast cancer staging and treatment, this disease is more survivable than ever.

• #52 Typical and atypical presenting symptoms of breast cancer and their associations with diagnostic intervals: Evidence from a national audit of cancer diagnosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5482318/

  A minority of women with breast cancer experience substantial diagnostic delays. […] Our findings suggest that around 1 in 6 women had symptoms other than breast lump. […] Women with non-lump or both lump and non-lump symptoms delayed seeking help. […] About 1 in 6 women with breast cancer present with a large spectrum of symptoms other than breast lump. […] Women who present with non-lump breast symptoms tend to delay seeking help. […] Breast lump is the most common presenting symptom among women with breast cancer and has relatively high predictive value for malignancy. […] Although women with breast cancer typically experience short diagnostic intervals compared to other cancer patients, some women continue to experience long diagnostic intervals. […] Prior literature exploring reasons for delayed help-seeking suggests that women subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer may attribute non-lump breast symptoms to other non-malignant causes such as hormonal changes, trauma, or breastfeeding.

• #53 Typical and atypical presenting symptoms of breast cancer and their associations with diagnostic intervals: Evidence from a national audit of cancer diagnosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5482318/

  Overall, 164 women (9% of those with patient interval values) waited longer than 90 days before seeking help. […] Among the larger non-lump breast symptoms, more than one in five women with breast ulceration (50%), nipple abnormalities (23%) and breast infection or inflammation (21%) had patient intervals of more than 90 days. […] Women in the non-lump only and both lump and non-lump symptom groups had longer median patient intervals compared to those with breast lump only. […] The present study provides detailed evidence about the symptom signature of breast cancer, and the frequencies and diagnostic intervals associated with different symptoms, which could inform the design of public health campaigns. […] Our findings highlight the need for healthcare interventions to support the diagnostic process in women with atypical presentations; and support efforts to focus on non-lump breast symptoms through public health education campaigns in order to facilitate earlier presentation.

• #54 Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms – National Breast Cancer Foundation

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-symptoms-and-signs/

  Most often, signs and symptoms are not due to cancer, but any breast cancer sign or symptom you notice should be investigated as soon as it is discovered. […] If you have any of these signs or symptoms, you should tell your healthcare provider so that the problem can be diagnosed and treated. […] Although there’s no need to worry, regular screenings are always important. Your doctor can check for breast cancer before you have any noticeable signs or symptoms.

• #55 Breast Cancer Symptoms – Marie Keating Foundation

  https://mariekeating.ie/cancer-information/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-symptoms/

  If you notice one or more of these signs, don’t panic as it does not necessarily mean that you have breast cancer. These symptoms can be caused by other medical conditions. However, all of the above symptoms should be looked at by your GP. […] Your GP will examine your breasts and, if necessary, send you to specialist breast cancer clinic for further tests. […] If you are concerned about pain in your breast, or notice other changes in your breasts such as lumps, puckering, bleeding or discharge from the nipple or changes in the shape or size of your breasts or nipple, see your GP. […] Remember, the earlier breast cancer is picked up, the easier it is to treat it and the more likely the treatment is to be successful. […] Breast pain is not generally a symptom of breast cancer and breast pain does not increase your risk of developing breast cancer.

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