Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Landing Page | American Cancer Society | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/treating.html

  If you’ve been diagnosed with endometrial cancer, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. It’s important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] The most common types of treatment for women with endometrial cancer are: Surgery for Endometrial Cancer, Radiation Therapy for Endometrial Cancer, Chemotherapy for Endometrial Cancer, Hormone Therapy for Endometrial Cancer, Targeted Therapy for Endometrial Cancer, Immunotherapy for Endometrial Cancer. […] Surgery is the main treatment for most women with this cancer. But in some cases, a more than 1 kind of treatment may be used. The choice of treatment depends largely on the type of cancer and stage of the disease when it’s found. Other factors could play a part in choosing the best treatment plan.

• #2 Uterine Cancer > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/uterine-cancer

  Treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy […] Fortunately, uterine cancer is treatable. Surgery is the most common treatment, but radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and several other therapies may also be used. […] Doctors tailor uterine cancer treatment to meet the needs of each patient. Treating uterine cancer may involve: […] Surgery is used to remove the cancer from the body. For uterine cancer, hysterectomy, or the surgical removal of the uterus, is the most commonly used treatment. […] Radiation therapy can be given using a machine that directs radiation at the cancer (known as external beam radiation) or via brachytherapy. […] In chemotherapy, drugs are used to destroy or damage cancer cells. […] Hormone therapy is used to treat these types of cancer.

• #3 Endometrial cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometrial-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352466

  Endometrial cancer is usually first treated with surgery to remove the cancer. This may include removing the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Other treatment options may include radiation therapy or treatments using medicines to kill the cancer cells. Options for treating your endometrial cancer will depend on the characteristics of your cancer, such as the stage, your general health and your preferences. […] Treatment for endometrial cancer usually involves an operation to remove the uterus, called a hysterectomy. Treatment also usually includes the removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, called a salpingo-oophorectomy. A hysterectomy makes it impossible for you to become pregnant in the future. Also, once your ovaries are removed, you’ll experience menopause if you haven’t already.

• #4 Treatments for endometrial carcinoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/treatment/endometrial-carcinoma

  The following are treatment options for early stage, advanced stage and recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to develop a treatment plan. […] Surgery is the main treatment for early stage endometrial carcinoma. […] Stage 1 endometrial carcinoma is usually treated with a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries). […] Stage 2 endometrial carcinoma may be treated with a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymph node dissection to remove lymph nodes in the pelvis and around the aorta. […] You may be offered radiation therapy after surgery for early stage endometrial carcinoma to decrease the risk of recurrence.

• #5 Endometrial Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  Endometrial cancer may be grouped for treatment as follows: […] Low-risk endometrial cancer (grade 1 or grade 2) […] Treatment of low-risk stage I endometrial cancer and stage II endometrial cancer may include the following: […] Surgery (total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). Lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen may also be removed and viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells. […] Surgery (total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with or without removal of lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen) followed by internal radiation therapy. In certain cases, external radiation therapy to the pelvis may be used in place of internal radiation therapy. […] Radiation therapy alone for patients who cannot have surgery. […] A clinical trial of a new chemotherapy regimen.

• #6 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics/print

  Endometrial cancer is a type of uterine cancer that involves the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). Treatment for endometrial cancer usually includes surgical removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes; it may also involve sampling or removal of the surrounding lymph nodes. […] This topic will discuss the medical and radiation approaches for endometrial cancer following surgical treatment. […] For women who are good candidates for surgery, hysterectomy, removal of both ovaries and both fallopian tubes (called a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy [BSO]), and evaluation of surrounding lymph nodes is generally performed. […] The results at surgery will help your doctor determine if further treatment is necessary. […] There are several factors that can identify if you are at an increased risk of relapse after surgery. This can help your doctor determine an appropriate plan for „adjuvant” (additional) treatment. […] The overall probability of recurrence in these groups is very low following surgical treatment alone and adjuvant treatment is typically not indicated.

• #7 Treatments for endometrial carcinoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/treatment/endometrial-carcinoma

  The following are treatment options for early stage, advanced stage and recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to develop a treatment plan. […] Surgery is the main treatment for early stage endometrial carcinoma. […] Stage 1 endometrial carcinoma is usually treated with a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries). […] Stage 2 endometrial carcinoma may be treated with a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymph node dissection to remove lymph nodes in the pelvis and around the aorta. […] You may be offered radiation therapy after surgery for early stage endometrial carcinoma to decrease the risk of recurrence.

• #8 How We Treat Endometrial Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/endometrial-cancer/treatment

  If you are diagnosed with stage I endometrial cancer, surgery to remove the cancerous tumor may be the only treatment necessary. […] If you are diagnosed with stage II endometrial cancer, surgery to remove your uterus and cervix, and generally both ovaries and fallopian tubes, is the first step. […] If you are diagnosed with stage III endometrial cancer, you will likely receive a combination of surgery to remove your uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and lymph nodes, followed by radiation and, if necessary, chemotherapy. […] If you are diagnosed with stage IV endometrial cancer, surgery to remove your uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and lymph nodes is not always required. Instead, chemotherapy, hormonal therapies, immunotherapy, and clinical trials (and sometimes radiation therapy) will be discussed.

• #9 Surgery for Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/uterine-endometrial/treatment/surgery

  The most common approach to this surgery total abdominal hysterectomy can be done by traditional means or through a minimally invasive strategy that offers such benefits as reduced risk for infection and faster recovery. […] With laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon first examines the pelvic cavity with a laparoscope a thin, lighted tube with a video camera at its tip which projects an image onto a large viewing screen. […] Some women whose advanced uterine cancer has spread to other abdominal organs may need an extensive surgery known as pelvic exenteration. This radical procedure is reserved for women with limited treatment options. In this surgery, we remove all reproductive organs. In some cases, we also remove the bladder, urethra, and rectum, followed by surgery to reconstruct the organs so that you retain the use of these parts of your body in the most optimal way possible.

• #10 Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/uterine-cancer

  Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in women in the United States and affects more than 60,000 women annually. […] Our multidisciplinary women’s cancer team at the University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center works together to provide compassionate and tailored care for women facing a diagnosis of uterine cancer. […] Most women with uterine cancer will require surgery and our gynecologic oncologists are experts in minimally invasive, robot-assisted or open surgery, which includes hysterectomy, lymph node dissection and other tumor staging procedures. […] Our radiation oncologists use the latest technologies, including tailored radiation treatment, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), to fully target the tumor area while better sparing normal nearby tissue.

• #11 Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/hp/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  Treatment options for patients with stage III, stage IV, and recurrent endometrial cancer include: Surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy. […] Biological therapy. […] Immunotherapy. […] Clinical trials. […] In general, patients with stage III or stage IV endometrial cancer are treated with surgery, followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Observational studies support maximal cytoreductive surgery for patients with stage IV disease, although these conclusions need to be interpreted with care because of the small number of cases and likely selection bias. […] For many years, radiation therapy was the standard adjuvant treatment for patients with endometrial cancer. However, several randomized trials have confirmed improved survival when adjuvant chemotherapy is used instead of radiation therapy.

• #12 Treatments for endometrial carcinoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/treatment/endometrial-carcinoma

  You may be offered chemotherapy after surgery for early stage, high-grade endometrial carcinoma (such as serous adenocarcinoma or clear cell adenocarcinoma). […] Surgery is the main treatment for stage 3 endometrial carcinoma. […] Tumour debulking means removing as much of the tumour as possible. […] You may be offered radiation therapy for advanced stage endometrial carcinoma. […] You may be offered hormonal therapy for stage 3 endometrial carcinoma if you can’t have surgery or radiation therapy. […] You may be offered chemotherapy after surgery for stage 3, high-grade endometrial carcinoma such as serous adenocarcinoma or clear cell adenocarcinoma. […] You may be offered chemotherapy for stage 4 endometrial carcinoma to help relieve the symptoms of distant metastases. […] You may be offered radiation therapy after debulking surgery if endometrial carcinoma comes back only in the pelvis (called local regional recurrence).

• #13 Endometrial cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometrial-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352466

  Radiation therapy uses powerful energy to kill cancer cells. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. In certain situations, radiation therapy may be recommended before surgery. Radiation therapy can shrink a tumor and make it easier to remove. […] Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. Some people receive one chemotherapy medicine. Others receive two or more medicines together. Most chemotherapy medicines are given through a vein, but some are taken in pill form. These medicines enter the bloodstream and then travel through the body, killing cancer cells. […] Hormone therapy involves taking medicines to lower the hormone levels in the body. In response, cancer cells that rely on hormones to help them grow might die. Hormone therapy may be an option if you have advanced endometrial cancer that has spread beyond the uterus.

• #14 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=bendt2

  Radiation therapy is a treatment for cancer that uses strong beams of X-ray energy to kill and damage cancer cells. A machine directs the high energy rays to the area of cancer. Radiation therapy is also called radiotherapy. Its goal is to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. […] Your healthcare provider may suggest radiation therapy in these cases: […] If you’re not able to have surgery, radiation can be used instead. […] Radiation is often used after surgery to reduce the chance of the cancer coming back later. […] Radiation might be used before surgery to help shrink a tumor so it’s easier to remove. […] Radiation may be given along with chemotherapy, most often after surgery. This is called chemoradiation. The chemo helps the radiation work better, but this combination causes more side effects.

• #15

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/womb-cancer/treatment/

  Womb cancer is usually treatable when its found early. […] The treatment you have for womb cancer will depend on: the size of the cancer, where it is, if it has spread, your general health. […] It will usually include surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. It may also include treatment with targeted medicines to treat the cancer. […] Surgery is often the main treatment for womb cancer. Especially if the cancer is found early. […] If the cancer has spread to other parts of your body, you may need to have a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy to remove as much of the cancer as possible. […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] You may have radiotherapy for womb cancer: as the main treatment if you cannot have surgery, if the cancer is large or has spread, after surgery to help stop the cancer coming back, sometimes with chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy).

• #16 Radiation Therapy for Endometrial Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/endometrial-cancer/treatments/radiation-therapy-for-endometrial-cancer

  Doctors at NYU Langone may use radiation therapy to treat women who have endometrial cancer that has spread beyond the uterus and those who are at risk of a recurrence. Radiation therapy is a treatment that uses high-energy beams or materials to destroy cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy is often used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells and to prevent a recurrence. This therapy is also the main treatment for women with recurrent uterine cancer and for those who cannot have surgery due to health concerns. […] Our doctors may combine radiation therapy and chemotherapy drugs that destroy cancer cells to eliminate large tumors in the uterus or cancer that has spread to other areas of the body. This type of treatment is called chemoradiation. […] Our radiation oncologists use CT scans and computer software to create a three-dimensional image of the tumor and surrounding organs. This allows your doctor to develop a customized treatment plan that targets the tumor and spares healthy tissue, enhancing the treatments effectiveness and reducing side effects.

• #17 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=bendt2

  There are two main ways to get radiation therapy for endometrial cancer: […] External radiation. The radiation comes from a machine called a linear accelerator (linac). The beams of energy are aimed at the tumor through your skin. […] Internal radiation (brachytherapy). This is a common type of radiation therapy used for endometrial cancer. A tube is placed in the vagina, up against the location of the tumor. […] Some people need both an external radiation treatment followed by internal radiation. […] You will meet with a radiation oncologist to talk about this treatment. […] This treatment is a lot like getting an X-ray. […] Before you start treatment, imaging scans will be done to map out exactly where the cancer is. […] Small marks (tiny tattoos) may be put on your skin to mark the treatment area.

• #18 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics/print

  Radiation therapy (RT) refers to the use of high-energy X-rays to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells. […] For people with endometrial cancer, adjuvant radiation is given to decrease the risk of the cancer coming back in the pelvis (this is called locoregional recurrence). […] Vaginal brachytherapy (VB) delivers radiation from a device that is temporarily placed inside the vagina. […] High-dose rate brachytherapy also uses a device that delivers radiation through the vagina. […] With external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT), the source of the radiation is outside the body, and the area to be treated (referred to as the radiation „field”) is designed carefully to limit the amount of radiation directed at healthy tissue. […] This is done as an outpatient, and you can usually continue your normal daily activities during treatment.

• #19 Radiation Therapy for Endometrial Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/endometrial-cancer/treatments/radiation-therapy-for-endometrial-cancer

  Doctors determine the type of radiation therapy based on the tumors size, location, and risk of spreading. […] External beam radiation therapy delivers radiation to the pelvis from a machine outside the body called a linear accelerator. External beam radiation therapy is often used to eliminate cancer cells that may remain in the pelvis after surgery. […] NYU Langone doctors use the following types of external beam radiation therapy for women with endometrial cancer. […] High-dose-rate brachytherapy may be used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. In this approach, doctors temporarily place a radioactive substance directly on the area where the cancer occurred or in the area where cancer may return. […] For women who have small tumors with a low risk of spreading, our doctors may use brachytherapy alone. For women with larger or recurrent endometrial cancer, brachytherapy may be combined with external beam radiation therapy to the pelvis and lymph nodes.

• #20 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2001830-overview

  Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in patients who meet the criteria for high-intermediate risk; these criteria include grade 2 or 3 histology, positive lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and myometrial invasion to the outer 1/3 of myometrial diameter. […] RT is directed at sites of known or suspected tumor involvement and may include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy, or both. […] RT has proven to be effective and tolerated in patients who are not candidates for surgery and whose disease is limited to the uterus. […] Patients with suspected or gross cervical involvement who are candidates for surgery should be recommended for radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, cytology, and dissection of pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes; inoperable patients should be treated with RT (75-80 Gy).

• #21 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics

  Low-risk endometrial cancer is defined as having all the following characteristics: Cancer that is endometrioid or nongastrointestinal mucinous type, and Histologic grade 1 or 2, and Limited to the endometrium, or invading less than one-half of the myometrium, with no lymphovascular space invasion. […] The overall probability of recurrence in these groups is very low following surgical treatment alone and adjuvant treatment is typically not indicated. […] Intermediate-risk endometrial cancer is defined as disease that has the following characteristics: Cancer that is endometrioid or nongastrointestinal mucinous type and is any of the following: Histologic grade 1 or 2 and invading less than one-half of the myometrium, with lymphovascular invasion; or Histologic grade 1 or 2 and invading more than one-half of the myometrium or demonstrating occult cervical stromal invasion; or Histologic grade 3 cancer and invading less than one-half of the myometrium.

• #22 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics

  People with high-intermediate endometrial cancer benefit from postoperative radiation therapy (RT), given via vaginal brachytherapy, for optimal local control (although no survival benefit has been demonstrated). […] High-risk endometrial cancer includes people with any of the following: Serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, or carcinosarcoma (any stage), or Grade 3, deeply invasive endometrioid carcinoma, or Stage III or IV endometrial cancer (table 1), any histology. […] People with high-risk endometrial cancer have a poor prognosis and should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is a treatment given to stop the growth of cancer cells. […] This type of chemotherapy is called „adjuvant”, which means that it is given after surgery with curative intent. […] For women with high-risk endometrial cancer, a combination of agents (called a regimen) is usually recommended.

• #23 Endometrial Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  High-risk endometrial cancer (grade 3) […] Treatment of high-risk stage I endometrial cancer and stage II endometrial cancer may include the following: […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). Lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen may also be removed and viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells. […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) followed by chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy. […] A clinical trial of a new chemotherapy regimen. […] Treatment of stage III endometrial cancer, stage IV endometrial cancer, and recurrent endometrial cancer may include the following: […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and removal of lymph nodes in the pelvis so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

• #24 Treatments for endometrial carcinoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/treatment/endometrial-carcinoma

  You may be offered chemotherapy after surgery for early stage, high-grade endometrial carcinoma (such as serous adenocarcinoma or clear cell adenocarcinoma). […] Surgery is the main treatment for stage 3 endometrial carcinoma. […] Tumour debulking means removing as much of the tumour as possible. […] You may be offered radiation therapy for advanced stage endometrial carcinoma. […] You may be offered hormonal therapy for stage 3 endometrial carcinoma if you can’t have surgery or radiation therapy. […] You may be offered chemotherapy after surgery for stage 3, high-grade endometrial carcinoma such as serous adenocarcinoma or clear cell adenocarcinoma. […] You may be offered chemotherapy for stage 4 endometrial carcinoma to help relieve the symptoms of distant metastases. […] You may be offered radiation therapy after debulking surgery if endometrial carcinoma comes back only in the pelvis (called local regional recurrence).

• #25 Treatment for Endometrial Cancer | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/endometrial-cancer/treatment.html

  Endometrial cancer may be treated with one or more of the following chemotherapy drugs: Carboplatin (Paraplatin), Cisplatin (Platinol), Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), Ifosfamide (Ifex), Liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil), Paclitaxel (Taxol). […] Usually chemotherapy is used to treat endometrial cancer only if the cancer has already metastasized, or spread, outside of the uterus by the time of surgery or if the cancer has come back after earlier treatment. […] Hormonal therapy may be used to treat endometrial cancer if the cancer has metastasized, or spread, beyond the abdomen or if the cancer has come back after earlier treatment. […] If you have endometrial cancer, your first treatment is likely to be surgery. […] The most common, and usually the first, treatment for endometrial cancer is surgery to remove all of the cancer or as much cancer as possible.

• #26 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2001830-overview

  Patients with extrauterine pelvic disease should be treated with radiation therapy and brachytherapy with or without surgery and chemotherapy. […] In patients who wish to preserve fertility, continuous progestin-based therapy with megestrol, medroxyprogesterone, or a levonorgestrel intrauterine device and surveillance with endometrial sampling every 3-6 months may be considered if all the following criteria are met: Well-differentiated (grade 1) endometrioid adenocarcinoma on dilation and curettage (DC) confirmed by expert pathology review. […] High-intermediate risk: Patients may benefit from postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy. […] High-risk: Adjuvant therapy is recommended for all patients, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Combination therapy: Carboplatin AUC 5-7 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 q3wk or Carboplatin AUC 5-6 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV plus pembrolizumab 200 mg IV (for stage III-IV tumors, except for carcinosarcoma) on Day 1 q3wk x 6 cycles, followed by single-agent pembrolizumab 400 mg IV q6wk for up to 14 cycles.

• #27 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2001830-overview

  Preferred regimens: Carboplatin AUC 5-7 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 q3wk or Carboplatin AUC 5-6 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV plus pembrolizumab 200 mg IV (for stage III-IV tumors, except for carcinosarcoma) on Day 1 q3wk x 6 cycles, followed by single-agent pembrolizumab 400 mg IV q6wk for up to 14 cycles. […] Treatment for MSI-H/dMMR tumors: Avelumab 10 mg/kg IV every 2wk; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or Nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2wk; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. […] Treatment options under clinical evaluation for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer include the following: Paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without metformin in stages III, IV, and recurrent endometrial cancer.

• #28 Endometrial Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/endometrial-cancer-pharmacologic-management/

  Chemotherapy for endometrial cancer is usually reserved for patients with advanced or recurrent disease. Although no chemotherapy drugs are exclusively approved by the FDA to treat patients with endometrial cancer, carboplatin and paclitaxel are widely used based on clinical guidelines and trial data. When treating endothelial cancer, hemotherapy may be given in combination with radiation therapy. The NCCN guideline recommends chemoradiation therapy consisting of cisplatin plus radiotherapy followed by carboplatin plus paclitaxel. If cisplatin and carboplatin are unavailable, the current guideline recommends capecitabine plus mitomycin, gemcitabine, or paclitaxel as additional treatment options. […] Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective second-line treatment option for recurrent endometrial cancer among patients for whom standard therapy with chemoradiation therapy is ineffective. The immune checkpoint inhibitors, in particular, have shown antitumor activity against a specific molecular subgroup of endometrial cancer. Starting in 2020, NCCN guidelines have recommended molecular analysis of endometrial carcinomas to determine the molecular subgroup to aid in prognosis and treatment selection. Currently, NCCN recommends molecular analysis for every patient. Molecular analysis may also aid in determining the best treatment course. Patients with MSI-H/dMMR endometrial cancers are more sensitive to immunotherapy. Approximately 30% of patients with endometrial cancer exhibit this molecular subgroup. Two immunotherapy drugs, pembrolizumab and dostarlimab, both of which are immune checkpoint inhibitors, are approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer.

• #29 Treatment for Endometrial Cancer | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/endometrial-cancer/treatment.html

  Endometrial cancer may be treated with one or more of the following chemotherapy drugs: Carboplatin (Paraplatin), Cisplatin (Platinol), Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), Ifosfamide (Ifex), Liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil), Paclitaxel (Taxol). […] Usually chemotherapy is used to treat endometrial cancer only if the cancer has already metastasized, or spread, outside of the uterus by the time of surgery or if the cancer has come back after earlier treatment. […] Hormonal therapy may be used to treat endometrial cancer if the cancer has metastasized, or spread, beyond the abdomen or if the cancer has come back after earlier treatment. […] If you have endometrial cancer, your first treatment is likely to be surgery. […] The most common, and usually the first, treatment for endometrial cancer is surgery to remove all of the cancer or as much cancer as possible.

• #30 An Overview of Endometrial Cancer with Novel Therapeutic Strategies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10528347/

  Endometrial cancer (EC) stands as the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy. […] Treatment is tailored based on the stage and the risk of recurrence. Radiotherapy is primarily used in the early stages, and chemotherapy can be added if high-grade histology or advanced-stage disease is present. […] Most recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for advanced and recurrent EC. […] Similar to endometrial hyperplasia, the standard treatment for suspected early-stage endometrial cancer is surgical with a total hysterectomy, and BSO is recommended when the operation is feasible in those who are medically appropriate. […] Lymph node evaluation should be carried out at the time of surgery to assign a complete surgical stage and for prognostic purposes to treat women with positive nodes and to direct adjuvant radiation therapy when needed.

• #31 Endometrial Cancer Treatment – San Diego – Scripps Health

  https://www.scripps.org/services/cancer-care/endometrial-cancer-treatment

  Chemotherapy can be part of a treatment plan to attack cancer that has spread from the uterus. A combination of chemotherapy drugs may be part of treatment for uterine cancer. […] External beam radiation therapy may be provided in combination with chemotherapy. Some patients may receive a form of radiation therapy called brachytherapy, in which radioactive sources are placed directly into the body through catheters or small plastic tubes. High-dose rate brachytherapy may be given alone or in conjunction with a shortened course of external beam radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy can be used as part of treatment or post-treatment options. These drugs slow the growth of uterine cancer or reduce the production of estrogen. They include progestin, tamoxifen and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists.

• #32 Endometrial Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/endometrial-cancer-pharmacologic-management/

  Chemotherapy for endometrial cancer is usually reserved for patients with advanced or recurrent disease. Although no chemotherapy drugs are exclusively approved by the FDA to treat patients with endometrial cancer, carboplatin and paclitaxel are widely used based on clinical guidelines and trial data. When treating endothelial cancer, hemotherapy may be given in combination with radiation therapy. The NCCN guideline recommends chemoradiation therapy consisting of cisplatin plus radiotherapy followed by carboplatin plus paclitaxel. If cisplatin and carboplatin are unavailable, the current guideline recommends capecitabine plus mitomycin, gemcitabine, or paclitaxel as additional treatment options. […] Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective second-line treatment option for recurrent endometrial cancer among patients for whom standard therapy with chemoradiation therapy is ineffective. The immune checkpoint inhibitors, in particular, have shown antitumor activity against a specific molecular subgroup of endometrial cancer. Starting in 2020, NCCN guidelines have recommended molecular analysis of endometrial carcinomas to determine the molecular subgroup to aid in prognosis and treatment selection. Currently, NCCN recommends molecular analysis for every patient. Molecular analysis may also aid in determining the best treatment course. Patients with MSI-H/dMMR endometrial cancers are more sensitive to immunotherapy. Approximately 30% of patients with endometrial cancer exhibit this molecular subgroup. Two immunotherapy drugs, pembrolizumab and dostarlimab, both of which are immune checkpoint inhibitors, are approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer.

• #33 Hormone Therapy for Endometrial Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Hormone therapy can be used to treat advanced endometrial cancer (stage III or IV) or cancer that has come back after treatment (recurred). […] It is also used for early-stage cancer when surgery is not an option, or in patients who wish to keep the uterus to save their fertility. […] Hormone treatment for endometrial cancer can include: Progestins (this is the main hormone treatment used), Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant, CDK 4/6 inhibitors. […] At this time, no one type of hormone treatment has been found to be the best for endometrial cancer. […] The main hormone treatment for endometrial cancer uses progesterone or drugs like it (called progestins). […] The progestins used to manage endometrial cancer are: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), Megestrol acetate (Megace), Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD).

• #34 Endometrial Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/endometrial-cancer-pharmacologic-management/

  Hormone therapy is an alternative option for patients with endometrial cancer who want to preserve fertility, as well as for the treatment of advanced, recurrent endometrial cancer. Hormone therapy is an attractive option due to its favorable safety profile and ease of administration. Several hormonal agents have been used to treat patients with endometrial cancer, but progestins, such as megestrol and medroxyprogesterone, are generally considered first-line hormone therapy agents. Other hormone therapy drugs include aromatase inhibitors, tamoxifen, and fulvestrant. Women with stage IA endometrial cancer who wish to preserve fertility can be treated with progestins or levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD) in combination with oral progestins plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues.

• #35 Hormone Therapy for Endometrial Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Hormone therapy can be used to treat advanced endometrial cancer (stage III or IV) or cancer that has come back after treatment (recurred). […] It is also used for early-stage cancer when surgery is not an option, or in patients who wish to keep the uterus to save their fertility. […] Hormone treatment for endometrial cancer can include: Progestins (this is the main hormone treatment used), Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant, CDK 4/6 inhibitors. […] At this time, no one type of hormone treatment has been found to be the best for endometrial cancer. […] The main hormone treatment for endometrial cancer uses progesterone or drugs like it (called progestins). […] The progestins used to manage endometrial cancer are: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), Megestrol acetate (Megace), Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD).

• #36 Endometrial Cancer | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/endometrial-cancer

  UCSF offers innovative, compassionate care in a supportive environment to women with endometrial cancer. […] We believe that education is a powerful part of the healing process. Our team works with each patient to help her understand her condition and all her treatment options, so we can decide together on the best course of action. […] There are a number of ways to treat endometrial cancer, including the following. […] Most women with uterine cancer have surgery to remove the uterus through an incision in the abdomen this procedure is called a hysterectomy. If the doctor also removes the fallopian tubes and the ovaries, this procedure is called a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. […] If the cancer has spread to other parts of your body, synthetic progestin, a form of the hormone progesterone, may stop it from growing. The progestin used in treating endometrial cancer is in different doses than the progestin used in hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women. Some different medications may be used as well.

• #37 Hormone Therapy for Endometrial Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Hormone therapy can be used to treat advanced endometrial cancer (stage III or IV) or cancer that has come back after treatment (recurred). […] It is also used for early-stage cancer when surgery is not an option, or in patients who wish to keep the uterus to save their fertility. […] Hormone treatment for endometrial cancer can include: Progestins (this is the main hormone treatment used), Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant, CDK 4/6 inhibitors. […] At this time, no one type of hormone treatment has been found to be the best for endometrial cancer. […] The main hormone treatment for endometrial cancer uses progesterone or drugs like it (called progestins). […] The progestins used to manage endometrial cancer are: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), Megestrol acetate (Megace), Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD).

• #38 Endometrial Cancer: Hormone Therapy | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/endometrial-cancer-hormone-therapy

  The cancer has spread to other parts of your body. […] You’ve already been treated for endometrial cancer, and it has come back. […] Youre young, want to get pregnant in the future, and your cancer hasnt spread. […] Hormone therapy is often given along with chemotherapy. […] These are the types of hormone therapy medicines that might be used: Progestins. These are the most common hormone treatment used. They slow the growth of endometrial cancer cells. […] Tamoxifen. This medicine blocks estrogen from causing the cancer cells to grow. […] Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. These medicines keep the ovaries from making estrogen, which slows the growth of endometrial cancer cells. […] Aromatase inhibitors. These medicines stop estrogen production in fat tissue after the ovaries have been removed.

• #39 Hormone Therapy for Endometrial Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen drug that can be used to treat advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. […] Fulvestrant is an anti-estrogen drug also called a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), that can be used to treat advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. […] For these uterine cancers, CDK 4/6 inhibitors may be a treatment option. […] Ribociclib (Kisqali) and abemaciclib (Verzenio) are drugs that block proteins in the cell called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), particularly CDK4 and CDK6. […] These drugs are still being studied for how to best use them to treat endometrial cancer.

• #40 Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/hp/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  Patients with tumors that are positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors respond best to progestin therapy. […] Standard progestational agents include: Hydroxyprogesterone. […] Medroxyprogesterone. […] Megestrol. […] Several biological agents have been evaluated for the treatment of endometrial cancer. […] With the published results of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and as more is learned about the molecular drivers of endometrial cancer, the use of immunotherapy has been evaluated for the treatment of advanced and recurrent disease. […] All patients with advanced disease should consider clinical trials that evaluate single-agent or combination therapy for this disease.

• #41 Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/hp/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  Patients with tumors that are positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors respond best to progestin therapy. […] Standard progestational agents include: Hydroxyprogesterone. […] Medroxyprogesterone. […] Megestrol. […] Several biological agents have been evaluated for the treatment of endometrial cancer. […] With the published results of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and as more is learned about the molecular drivers of endometrial cancer, the use of immunotherapy has been evaluated for the treatment of advanced and recurrent disease. […] All patients with advanced disease should consider clinical trials that evaluate single-agent or combination therapy for this disease.

• #42 Endometrial Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/endometrial-cancer-pharmacologic-management/

  Hormone therapy is an alternative option for patients with endometrial cancer who want to preserve fertility, as well as for the treatment of advanced, recurrent endometrial cancer. Hormone therapy is an attractive option due to its favorable safety profile and ease of administration. Several hormonal agents have been used to treat patients with endometrial cancer, but progestins, such as megestrol and medroxyprogesterone, are generally considered first-line hormone therapy agents. Other hormone therapy drugs include aromatase inhibitors, tamoxifen, and fulvestrant. Women with stage IA endometrial cancer who wish to preserve fertility can be treated with progestins or levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD) in combination with oral progestins plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues.

• #43 Endometrial cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometrial-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352466

  Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. Targeted therapy is usually combined with chemotherapy for treating advanced endometrial cancer. […] Immunotherapy uses medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn’t be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells. For endometrial cancer, immunotherapy might be considered if the cancer is advanced and other treatments haven’t helped. […] Palliative care is a special type of health care that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of health care professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family.

• #44

  https://www.facingourrisk.org/info/risk-management-and-treatment/cancer-treatment/by-cancer-type/endometrial/targeted-and-immunotherapy

  Targeted therapies are treatments designed to attack or kill cancer cells, while sparing normal cells as much as possible. These therapies are often designed to target abnormal proteins, receptors or genes that are found in high quantities in cancer cells or the surrounding tissue. Tumor biomarker testing can help doctors identify the patients most likely to benefit from a targeted therapy. […] Targeted therapy is still fairly new in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Currently, these agents are only prescribed if the cancer has recurred or as part of a clinical trial. Targeted therapies for endometrial cancer include: Vitrakvi (larotrectinib) is approved for treatment of endometrial cancer that is metastatic or cannot be removed with surgery and has worsened with other treatments. It targets a specific genetic change called an NTRK fusion. Lenvima (lenvatinib) helps block tumors from forming new blood vessels. Lenvima can be used along with the immunotherapy drug Keytruda to treat some advanced endometrial cancers, typically after at least one other drug treatment has been tried. Afinitor (everolimus) is a type of targeted therapy known as an mTOR inhibitor that has been used (off label) to treat some people with advanced endometrial cancer. Afinitor does not have FDA approval for use in endometrial cancer. Avastin (bevacizumab) helps block tumors from forming new blood vessels. Avastin does not have FDA approval for use in endometrial cancer. Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) is a type of targeted therapy approved for treatment many different types of advanced cancers (including endometrial cancer) if tumor testing shows a biomarker called HER2-positive. […] Researchers are studying new ways to use targeted therapies to treat endometrial cancer.

• #45

  https://www.facingourrisk.org/info/risk-management-and-treatment/cancer-treatment/by-cancer-type/endometrial/targeted-and-immunotherapy

  Targeted therapies are treatments designed to attack or kill cancer cells, while sparing normal cells as much as possible. These therapies are often designed to target abnormal proteins, receptors or genes that are found in high quantities in cancer cells or the surrounding tissue. Tumor biomarker testing can help doctors identify the patients most likely to benefit from a targeted therapy. […] Targeted therapy is still fairly new in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Currently, these agents are only prescribed if the cancer has recurred or as part of a clinical trial. Targeted therapies for endometrial cancer include: Vitrakvi (larotrectinib) is approved for treatment of endometrial cancer that is metastatic or cannot be removed with surgery and has worsened with other treatments. It targets a specific genetic change called an NTRK fusion. Lenvima (lenvatinib) helps block tumors from forming new blood vessels. Lenvima can be used along with the immunotherapy drug Keytruda to treat some advanced endometrial cancers, typically after at least one other drug treatment has been tried. Afinitor (everolimus) is a type of targeted therapy known as an mTOR inhibitor that has been used (off label) to treat some people with advanced endometrial cancer. Afinitor does not have FDA approval for use in endometrial cancer. Avastin (bevacizumab) helps block tumors from forming new blood vessels. Avastin does not have FDA approval for use in endometrial cancer. Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) is a type of targeted therapy approved for treatment many different types of advanced cancers (including endometrial cancer) if tumor testing shows a biomarker called HER2-positive. […] Researchers are studying new ways to use targeted therapies to treat endometrial cancer.

• #46 Evolving Treatment Landscape in Endometrial Cancer | Published in healthbook TIMES Oncology Hematology

  https://onco-hema.healthbooktimes.org/article/120914-evolving-treatment-landscape-in-endometrial-cancer

  Immunotherapy has proven to be a particularly valuable therapeutic option for patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer; however, not all patients respond to this treatment. […] Based on the available evidence, the current data support the rationale of researching novel immunotherapies across all subtypes of endometrial cancer. […] The phase III KEYNOTE-775 trial assessed the benefit of pembrolizumab plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib combination therapy versus the physicians choice of chemotherapy in patients with advanced, recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. […] Following the success of immunotherapy in heavily pretreated patients, a number of phase III trials have investigated the combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy at early recurrence, including RUBY, NRG-GY018, AtTEnd and DUO-E.

• #47

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11864-023-01169-x

  The emerging direction of cancer research and treatment is targeted therapy, which the National Cancer Institute defines as a treatment that uses drugs or other substances to target specific molecules in order to prevent the survival and spread of cancer cells. […] Pembrolizumab is an anti-PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody that is utilized as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. […] These results suggest that MMRd patients may have a particularly high response rate to single agent immunotherapy, and that MMRp may have a modest response rate, but potentially on par historically with other single cytotoxic agents. […] Based on the findings of these studies, the NCCN guidelines have been updated to include combination therapy with pembrolizumab/carboplatin/paclitaxel and dostarlimab/carboplatin/paclitaxel as Category 1, preferred, primary therapy options for stage III or IV endometrial carcinoma.

• #48 Endometrial Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/endometrial-cancer-pharmacologic-management/

  Targeted therapy for endometrial cancer focuses on different aspects of how cancer cells grow and spread. The use of targeted therapy for the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer is relatively new and is mostly used in high-risk, metastatic, or recurrent disease. Lenvatinib is currently the only targeted therapy approved by the FDA to treat patients with endometrial cancer. It is approved when surgery or radiation therapy is not an option, and after previous systemic treatment has failed. However, additional targeted therapies are under investigation, with targets including the PI3K pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin kinase, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2, formerly HER2), and protein phosphatase 2. […] Monitoring parameters will differ based on therapy and patient comorbidities. Clinicians should be aware of different monitoring considerations before treatment, during treatment, and after treatment. Before treatment begins, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that all patients be tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) using tests for the hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antibody total immunoglobulin, and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. However, cancer treatment should not be delayed pending receipt of the results of the HBV screening tests. Further treatment and follow-up are required if the screening test results reveal HBV positivity.

• #49 Immunotherapy for Uterine Cancer – Cancer Research Institute

  https://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-types/uterine-endometrial-cancer

  Immunotherapy for uterine (endometrial) cancer is an emerging area of research and treatment, especially for patients with advanced cases. […] Standard treatments for uterine cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of research and treatment for endometrial cancer. […] Immunotherapy is class of treatments that take advantage of a person’s own immune system to help kill cancer cells. There are currently two FDA-approved immunotherapies for the treatment of uterine cancer. […] Other immunotherapies are also currently being tested in clinical trials, which patients of any type or stage of uterine cancer are encouraged to explore. […] Since 1953, the Cancer Research Institute has dedicated more than $10 million in funding to develop and discover immunotherapies that can treat gynecologic cancers, including uterine cancer. Research findings from leading immunologists continue to demonstrate potential and promise for the future of immune-based treatment for patients with uterine cancer.

• #50

  https://www.facingourrisk.org/info/risk-management-and-treatment/cancer-treatment/by-cancer-type/endometrial/targeted-and-immunotherapy

  Targeted therapies are designed to kill cancer cells, while sparing normal cells. Immunotherapies help the immune system detect and attack cancer cells. […] Immunotherapies are cancer treatments that help the body’s immune system detect and attack cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immunotherapy used to treat several types of cancer, including endometrial cancer. […] Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the advanced or metastatic setting, most often to treat cancers that have biomarkers known as MSI-H or dMMR. […] The immunotherapies used in endometrial cancer include: Imfinzi (durvalumab) is used in combination with chemotherapy followed by Imfinzi alone as first line treatment for advanced or recurrent dMMR endometrial cancer. Jemperli (dostarlimab) is used in combination with chemotherapy followed by Jemperli alone as first line treatment for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. Jemperli may be used in this setting regardless of MSI/MMR status. Jemperli is used alone to treat MSI-H or dMMR advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, which came back or got worse after platinum chemotherapy. Keytruda is used alone to treat MSI-H or dMMR advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, in people whose cancer came back or got worse after previous treatment and who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. Keytruda is used alone to treat advanced cancers with the biomarker tumor mutational burden-High (TMB-H) that have progressed after treatment and for which there are no other treatment options. Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is used to in combination with the targeted drug lenvatinib in women with advanced endometrial cancers that are not dMMR or MSI-H, usually after other treatments have been tried.

• #51

  https://www.facingourrisk.org/info/risk-management-and-treatment/cancer-treatment/by-cancer-type/endometrial/targeted-and-immunotherapy

  Targeted therapies are designed to kill cancer cells, while sparing normal cells. Immunotherapies help the immune system detect and attack cancer cells. […] Immunotherapies are cancer treatments that help the body’s immune system detect and attack cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immunotherapy used to treat several types of cancer, including endometrial cancer. […] Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the advanced or metastatic setting, most often to treat cancers that have biomarkers known as MSI-H or dMMR. […] The immunotherapies used in endometrial cancer include: Imfinzi (durvalumab) is used in combination with chemotherapy followed by Imfinzi alone as first line treatment for advanced or recurrent dMMR endometrial cancer. Jemperli (dostarlimab) is used in combination with chemotherapy followed by Jemperli alone as first line treatment for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. Jemperli may be used in this setting regardless of MSI/MMR status. Jemperli is used alone to treat MSI-H or dMMR advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, which came back or got worse after platinum chemotherapy. Keytruda is used alone to treat MSI-H or dMMR advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, in people whose cancer came back or got worse after previous treatment and who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. Keytruda is used alone to treat advanced cancers with the biomarker tumor mutational burden-High (TMB-H) that have progressed after treatment and for which there are no other treatment options. Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is used to in combination with the targeted drug lenvatinib in women with advanced endometrial cancers that are not dMMR or MSI-H, usually after other treatments have been tried.

• #52 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2001830-overview

  Preferred regimens: Carboplatin AUC 5-7 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 q3wk or Carboplatin AUC 5-6 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV plus pembrolizumab 200 mg IV (for stage III-IV tumors, except for carcinosarcoma) on Day 1 q3wk x 6 cycles, followed by single-agent pembrolizumab 400 mg IV q6wk for up to 14 cycles. […] Treatment for MSI-H/dMMR tumors: Avelumab 10 mg/kg IV every 2wk; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or Nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2wk; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. […] Treatment options under clinical evaluation for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer include the following: Paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without metformin in stages III, IV, and recurrent endometrial cancer.

• #53 Immunotherapy Treatment Option for Advanced Endometrial Cancer

  https://www.keytruda.com/advanced-endometrial-cancer/treatment-options/

  KEYTRUDA may be used with the chemotherapy medicines carboplatin and paclitaxel, and then KEYTRUDA may be used alone, in adults when your cancer has spread (advanced), or if your cancer has returned. […] KEYTRUDA may be used alone in adults if your cancer is shown by a laboratory test to be microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR), and you have received anti-cancer treatment and it is no longer working, and your cancer cannot be cured by surgery or radiation. […] It may be used with the chemotherapy medicines carboplatin and paclitaxel, and then may be used alone, in adults: when your cancer has spread (advanced), or if your cancer has returned. […] It may be used alone in adults: if your cancer is shown by a laboratory test to be microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR), and you have received anti-cancer treatment and it is no longer working, and your cancer cannot be cured by surgery or radiation.

• #54 Evolving Treatment Landscape in Endometrial Cancer | Published in healthbook TIMES Oncology Hematology

  https://onco-hema.healthbooktimes.org/article/120914-evolving-treatment-landscape-in-endometrial-cancer

  The phase III RUBY trial evaluated dostarlimab plus chemotherapy with or without the addition of niraparib in the maintenance setting in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. […] The phase III NRG-GY018 trial investigated the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with stage III/IVA, stage IVB, or recurrent endometrial cancer. […] The benefit of durvalumab was assessed in the DUO-E trial where patients with newly diagnosed stage III or IV or recurrent endometrial cancer received durvalumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by maintenance durvalumab plus the PARP inhibitor olaparib. […] Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising new treatment modality for cancer. […] The combination of temsirolimus and bevacizumab was investigated in a phase II study of patients with recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer. […] The combination of endocrine therapy with CDK4/6 inhibition might have a synergistic effect in patients with endometrial cancer.

• #55 Endometrial Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  Endometrial cancer may be grouped for treatment as follows: […] Low-risk endometrial cancer (grade 1 or grade 2) […] Treatment of low-risk stage I endometrial cancer and stage II endometrial cancer may include the following: […] Surgery (total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). Lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen may also be removed and viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells. […] Surgery (total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with or without removal of lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen) followed by internal radiation therapy. In certain cases, external radiation therapy to the pelvis may be used in place of internal radiation therapy. […] Radiation therapy alone for patients who cannot have surgery. […] A clinical trial of a new chemotherapy regimen.

• #56 How We Treat Endometrial Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/endometrial-cancer/treatment

  If you are diagnosed with stage I endometrial cancer, surgery to remove the cancerous tumor may be the only treatment necessary. […] If you are diagnosed with stage II endometrial cancer, surgery to remove your uterus and cervix, and generally both ovaries and fallopian tubes, is the first step. […] If you are diagnosed with stage III endometrial cancer, you will likely receive a combination of surgery to remove your uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and lymph nodes, followed by radiation and, if necessary, chemotherapy. […] If you are diagnosed with stage IV endometrial cancer, surgery to remove your uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and lymph nodes is not always required. Instead, chemotherapy, hormonal therapies, immunotherapy, and clinical trials (and sometimes radiation therapy) will be discussed.

• #57 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics

  Low-risk endometrial cancer is defined as having all the following characteristics: Cancer that is endometrioid or nongastrointestinal mucinous type, and Histologic grade 1 or 2, and Limited to the endometrium, or invading less than one-half of the myometrium, with no lymphovascular space invasion. […] The overall probability of recurrence in these groups is very low following surgical treatment alone and adjuvant treatment is typically not indicated. […] Intermediate-risk endometrial cancer is defined as disease that has the following characteristics: Cancer that is endometrioid or nongastrointestinal mucinous type and is any of the following: Histologic grade 1 or 2 and invading less than one-half of the myometrium, with lymphovascular invasion; or Histologic grade 1 or 2 and invading more than one-half of the myometrium or demonstrating occult cervical stromal invasion; or Histologic grade 3 cancer and invading less than one-half of the myometrium.

• #58 An Overview of Endometrial Cancer with Novel Therapeutic Strategies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10528347/

  Patients who are low risk with FIGO stage IA (grade 1 or 2) do not require adjuvant therapy and can be observed post-operatively as there is a low risk of recurrence. […] Vaginal brachytherapy reduces the risk of vaginal recurrence in all non-endometrioid ECs, but most recurrences occur distantly. […] Stage III disease can be discovered after surgical staging or can be noted pre-operatively through imaging. […] Usually, stage IV disease is noted through pre-operative imaging and is not usually surgically resectable. It is best treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, carboplatin, and taxane-based agents. […] Hormonal therapy plays a large role in the treatment of advanced and recurrent EC, and objective response rates (ORR) of 15-20% have been reported. […] The available treatment options for recurrent EC were once limited, but newly emerging targeted therapies based on tumor characteristics and molecular profiles are starting to gain momentum.

• #59 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics

  Low-risk endometrial cancer is defined as having all the following characteristics: Cancer that is endometrioid or nongastrointestinal mucinous type, and Histologic grade 1 or 2, and Limited to the endometrium, or invading less than one-half of the myometrium, with no lymphovascular space invasion. […] The overall probability of recurrence in these groups is very low following surgical treatment alone and adjuvant treatment is typically not indicated. […] Intermediate-risk endometrial cancer is defined as disease that has the following characteristics: Cancer that is endometrioid or nongastrointestinal mucinous type and is any of the following: Histologic grade 1 or 2 and invading less than one-half of the myometrium, with lymphovascular invasion; or Histologic grade 1 or 2 and invading more than one-half of the myometrium or demonstrating occult cervical stromal invasion; or Histologic grade 3 cancer and invading less than one-half of the myometrium.

• #60 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics/print

  By contrast, people with high-intermediate endometrial cancer benefit from postoperative radiation therapy (RT), given via vaginal brachytherapy, for optimal local control (although no survival benefit has been demonstrated). Some clinicians may offer adjuvant chemotherapy (with or without RT) to people with high-intermediate endometrial cancer. […] High-risk endometrial cancer includes people with any of the following: […] People with high-risk endometrial cancer have a poor prognosis and should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is a treatment given to stop the growth of cancer cells. It aims to destroy any remaining cancer cells to increase the chance of cure. […] Following surgery, it is usually started within four to six weeks postoperatively and precedes radiation therapy (RT), if this too has been recommended.

• #61 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2001830-overview

  Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in patients who meet the criteria for high-intermediate risk; these criteria include grade 2 or 3 histology, positive lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and myometrial invasion to the outer 1/3 of myometrial diameter. […] RT is directed at sites of known or suspected tumor involvement and may include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy, or both. […] RT has proven to be effective and tolerated in patients who are not candidates for surgery and whose disease is limited to the uterus. […] Patients with suspected or gross cervical involvement who are candidates for surgery should be recommended for radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, cytology, and dissection of pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes; inoperable patients should be treated with RT (75-80 Gy).

• #62 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics

  People with high-intermediate endometrial cancer benefit from postoperative radiation therapy (RT), given via vaginal brachytherapy, for optimal local control (although no survival benefit has been demonstrated). […] High-risk endometrial cancer includes people with any of the following: Serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, or carcinosarcoma (any stage), or Grade 3, deeply invasive endometrioid carcinoma, or Stage III or IV endometrial cancer (table 1), any histology. […] People with high-risk endometrial cancer have a poor prognosis and should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is a treatment given to stop the growth of cancer cells. […] This type of chemotherapy is called „adjuvant”, which means that it is given after surgery with curative intent. […] For women with high-risk endometrial cancer, a combination of agents (called a regimen) is usually recommended.

• #63 Endometrial Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  High-risk endometrial cancer (grade 3) […] Treatment of high-risk stage I endometrial cancer and stage II endometrial cancer may include the following: […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). Lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen may also be removed and viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells. […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) followed by chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy. […] A clinical trial of a new chemotherapy regimen. […] Treatment of stage III endometrial cancer, stage IV endometrial cancer, and recurrent endometrial cancer may include the following: […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and removal of lymph nodes in the pelvis so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

• #64 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics

  People with high-intermediate endometrial cancer benefit from postoperative radiation therapy (RT), given via vaginal brachytherapy, for optimal local control (although no survival benefit has been demonstrated). […] High-risk endometrial cancer includes people with any of the following: Serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, or carcinosarcoma (any stage), or Grade 3, deeply invasive endometrioid carcinoma, or Stage III or IV endometrial cancer (table 1), any histology. […] People with high-risk endometrial cancer have a poor prognosis and should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is a treatment given to stop the growth of cancer cells. […] This type of chemotherapy is called „adjuvant”, which means that it is given after surgery with curative intent. […] For women with high-risk endometrial cancer, a combination of agents (called a regimen) is usually recommended.

• #65 How We Treat Endometrial Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/endometrial-cancer/treatment

  Surgery is performed to determine the stage of cancer, and this may be adequate treatment if you have early-stage endometrial cancer. […] Gynecological oncologists at Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center use the most advanced technology available to perform surgery with exacting precision. […] Sometimes treatment involves chemotherapy (drugs that eliminate cancer cells or stop them from dividing), hormonal therapy (a treatment that blocks the action of naturally occurring hormones), or immunotherapy (a treatment that boosts your immune systems ability to fight cancer). […] Chemotherapy for endometrial cancer is generally reserved for stages III and IV (as needed) unless certain pathologies of uterine cancer are diagnosed, including uterine carcinosarcomas, clear cell cancers, or serous cancers.

• #66 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics/print

  By contrast, people with high-intermediate endometrial cancer benefit from postoperative radiation therapy (RT), given via vaginal brachytherapy, for optimal local control (although no survival benefit has been demonstrated). Some clinicians may offer adjuvant chemotherapy (with or without RT) to people with high-intermediate endometrial cancer. […] High-risk endometrial cancer includes people with any of the following: […] People with high-risk endometrial cancer have a poor prognosis and should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is a treatment given to stop the growth of cancer cells. It aims to destroy any remaining cancer cells to increase the chance of cure. […] Following surgery, it is usually started within four to six weeks postoperatively and precedes radiation therapy (RT), if this too has been recommended.

• #67 Endometrial Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  High-risk endometrial cancer (grade 3) […] Treatment of high-risk stage I endometrial cancer and stage II endometrial cancer may include the following: […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). Lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen may also be removed and viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells. […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) followed by chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy. […] A clinical trial of a new chemotherapy regimen. […] Treatment of stage III endometrial cancer, stage IV endometrial cancer, and recurrent endometrial cancer may include the following: […] Surgery (radical hysterectomy and removal of lymph nodes in the pelvis so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

• #68 Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/hp/endometrial-treatment-pdq

  Treatment options for patients with stage III, stage IV, and recurrent endometrial cancer include: Surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy. […] Biological therapy. […] Immunotherapy. […] Clinical trials. […] In general, patients with stage III or stage IV endometrial cancer are treated with surgery, followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Observational studies support maximal cytoreductive surgery for patients with stage IV disease, although these conclusions need to be interpreted with care because of the small number of cases and likely selection bias. […] For many years, radiation therapy was the standard adjuvant treatment for patients with endometrial cancer. However, several randomized trials have confirmed improved survival when adjuvant chemotherapy is used instead of radiation therapy.

• #69 Evolving Treatment Landscape in Endometrial Cancer | Published in healthbook TIMES Oncology Hematology

  https://onco-hema.healthbooktimes.org/article/120914-evolving-treatment-landscape-in-endometrial-cancer

  The phase III RUBY trial evaluated dostarlimab plus chemotherapy with or without the addition of niraparib in the maintenance setting in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. […] The phase III NRG-GY018 trial investigated the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with stage III/IVA, stage IVB, or recurrent endometrial cancer. […] The benefit of durvalumab was assessed in the DUO-E trial where patients with newly diagnosed stage III or IV or recurrent endometrial cancer received durvalumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by maintenance durvalumab plus the PARP inhibitor olaparib. […] Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising new treatment modality for cancer. […] The combination of temsirolimus and bevacizumab was investigated in a phase II study of patients with recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer. […] The combination of endocrine therapy with CDK4/6 inhibition might have a synergistic effect in patients with endometrial cancer.

• #70 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2001830-overview

  Preferred regimens: Carboplatin AUC 5-7 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 q3wk or Carboplatin AUC 5-6 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV plus pembrolizumab 200 mg IV (for stage III-IV tumors, except for carcinosarcoma) on Day 1 q3wk x 6 cycles, followed by single-agent pembrolizumab 400 mg IV q6wk for up to 14 cycles. […] Treatment for MSI-H/dMMR tumors: Avelumab 10 mg/kg IV every 2wk; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or Nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2wk; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. […] Treatment options under clinical evaluation for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer include the following: Paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without metformin in stages III, IV, and recurrent endometrial cancer.

• #71 Treatments for endometrial carcinoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/treatment/endometrial-carcinoma

  You may be offered one of the following types of surgery for recurrent endometrial carcinoma. […] You may be offered hormonal therapy to control the growth of recurrent endometrial carcinoma or to help relieve the symptoms of distant metastases. […] You may be offered chemotherapy to control the growth of recurrent endometrial carcinoma or to help relieve the symptoms of distant metastases.

• #72 Endometrial Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525981/

  The preferred treatment for any advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer in patients previously treated with radiation or not completely resectable surgically is chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. […] Endometrial cancer can focally recur within the vagina, pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes, or peritoneum and as distant metastases, most commonly in the lung and lymph nodes. […] Patients with localized recurrent disease who have received radiation therapy previously may be improved with maximum surgical debulking if the surgical morbidity risk is acceptable.

• #73 Overview of the Systemic Treatment Options for Metastatic or Relapsed Endometrial Cancer

  https://www.targetedonc.com/view/overview-of-the-systemic-treatment-options-for-metastatic-or-relapsed-endometrial-cancer

  For patients who experience relapse after frontline therapy, we have several different options and thankfully more options than ever before. […] The combination of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab has become our standard choice for patients requiring second- or third-line therapy. […] There was a doubling of the survival at 3 years, some from 15% to 32%, which I think drove a lot of enthusiasm when we see these longer-term survivors, a doubling of the response rate and very impressive improvement in progression-free survival. […] The defective mismatch repair type tumors and the duration of response to first-line therapy can be quite long lasting. […] The combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab should trump a single-agent set of toxic therapy with either doxorubicin or paclitaxel, because we would expect only about a 15% response rate from those drugs in the second- or third-line setting, with a short durability of response. […] Real-world evidence suggests that pembrolizumab monotherapy provides considerable benefits for patients with mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer who are candidates for curative surgery or radiotherapy.

• #74 An Overview of Endometrial Cancer with Novel Therapeutic Strategies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10528347/

  Patients who are low risk with FIGO stage IA (grade 1 or 2) do not require adjuvant therapy and can be observed post-operatively as there is a low risk of recurrence. […] Vaginal brachytherapy reduces the risk of vaginal recurrence in all non-endometrioid ECs, but most recurrences occur distantly. […] Stage III disease can be discovered after surgical staging or can be noted pre-operatively through imaging. […] Usually, stage IV disease is noted through pre-operative imaging and is not usually surgically resectable. It is best treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, carboplatin, and taxane-based agents. […] Hormonal therapy plays a large role in the treatment of advanced and recurrent EC, and objective response rates (ORR) of 15-20% have been reported. […] The available treatment options for recurrent EC were once limited, but newly emerging targeted therapies based on tumor characteristics and molecular profiles are starting to gain momentum.

• #75 Hormone Therapy for Endometrial Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Hormone therapy can be used to treat advanced endometrial cancer (stage III or IV) or cancer that has come back after treatment (recurred). […] It is also used for early-stage cancer when surgery is not an option, or in patients who wish to keep the uterus to save their fertility. […] Hormone treatment for endometrial cancer can include: Progestins (this is the main hormone treatment used), Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant, CDK 4/6 inhibitors. […] At this time, no one type of hormone treatment has been found to be the best for endometrial cancer. […] The main hormone treatment for endometrial cancer uses progesterone or drugs like it (called progestins). […] The progestins used to manage endometrial cancer are: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), Megestrol acetate (Megace), Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD).

• #76 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2001830-overview

  Patients with extrauterine pelvic disease should be treated with radiation therapy and brachytherapy with or without surgery and chemotherapy. […] In patients who wish to preserve fertility, continuous progestin-based therapy with megestrol, medroxyprogesterone, or a levonorgestrel intrauterine device and surveillance with endometrial sampling every 3-6 months may be considered if all the following criteria are met: Well-differentiated (grade 1) endometrioid adenocarcinoma on dilation and curettage (DC) confirmed by expert pathology review. […] High-intermediate risk: Patients may benefit from postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy. […] High-risk: Adjuvant therapy is recommended for all patients, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Combination therapy: Carboplatin AUC 5-7 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 q3wk or Carboplatin AUC 5-6 IV and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 IV plus pembrolizumab 200 mg IV (for stage III-IV tumors, except for carcinosarcoma) on Day 1 q3wk x 6 cycles, followed by single-agent pembrolizumab 400 mg IV q6wk for up to 14 cycles.

• #77 Treatment Options For Womb Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/womb-cancer/treatment/decisions-about-treatment

  After surgery you may have one of the following: external radiotherapy with chemotherapy and then more chemotherapy, chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, chemotherapy on its own. Some people may have treatment with immunotherapy or a targeted cancer drug. This will depend on your situation and whether you’ve had other treatments before. […] Fertility preserving treatment means taking the hormone treatment progesterone. This aims to shrink the cancer, and for some, it may go away. If treatment hasn’t worked, your doctor will recommend you have surgery to remove the cancer. Your doctors will want to see you regularly, and you will need tests. This is to monitor the cancer and whether it has grown. […] Your doctor might ask if you’d like to take part in a clinical trial. Doctors and researchers do trials to make existing treatments better and develop new treatments.

• #78 Endometrial Cancer | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/endometrial-cancer

  Treatment with progestin may be an option for women with early endometrial cancer who want to have children and therefore do not want to have a hysterectomy. However, this approach is new and does not guarantee that the cancer will not return. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to damage cancer cells and stop them from growing. It is a localized treatment, which means that it works to attack cancer cells in one area. The radiation may come from a large machine, called external radiation, or from radioactive materials placed directly into the uterus, called implant radiation. Some patients receive both types of radiation therapy. […] Brachytherapy (HDR LDR) […] Radioactive material is placed inside a tumor or very close to it to treat the tumor and spare healthy tissue. […] Hyperthermia (HT)

• #79 Immunotherapy for Uterine Cancer – Cancer Research Institute

  https://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-types/uterine-endometrial-cancer

  Immunotherapy for uterine (endometrial) cancer is an emerging area of research and treatment, especially for patients with advanced cases. […] Standard treatments for uterine cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of research and treatment for endometrial cancer. […] Immunotherapy is class of treatments that take advantage of a person’s own immune system to help kill cancer cells. There are currently two FDA-approved immunotherapies for the treatment of uterine cancer. […] Other immunotherapies are also currently being tested in clinical trials, which patients of any type or stage of uterine cancer are encouraged to explore. […] Since 1953, the Cancer Research Institute has dedicated more than $10 million in funding to develop and discover immunotherapies that can treat gynecologic cancers, including uterine cancer. Research findings from leading immunologists continue to demonstrate potential and promise for the future of immune-based treatment for patients with uterine cancer.

• #80 5 Innovative Endometrial Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/endometrial-cancer/endometrial-cancer-treatment.html

  Radiation therapy uses powerful, focused beams of energy to kill cancer cells. […] MD Anderson provides the most advanced radiation treatments for endometrial cancer. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells, control their growth or relieve disease-related symptoms. […] Some hormones can cause certain endometrial cancers to grow. […] Targeted therapy drugs are designed to stop or slow the growth or spread of cancer. […] Immunotherapy improves the immune systems ability to eliminate cancer. […] Because of our status as one of the worlds premier cancer centers, MD Anderson participates in many clinical trials (research studies) for endometrial cancer.

• #81 Evolving Treatment Landscape in Endometrial Cancer | Published in healthbook TIMES Oncology Hematology

  https://onco-hema.healthbooktimes.org/article/120914-evolving-treatment-landscape-in-endometrial-cancer

  Immunotherapy has proven to be a particularly valuable therapeutic option for patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer; however, not all patients respond to this treatment. […] Based on the available evidence, the current data support the rationale of researching novel immunotherapies across all subtypes of endometrial cancer. […] The phase III KEYNOTE-775 trial assessed the benefit of pembrolizumab plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib combination therapy versus the physicians choice of chemotherapy in patients with advanced, recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. […] Following the success of immunotherapy in heavily pretreated patients, a number of phase III trials have investigated the combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy at early recurrence, including RUBY, NRG-GY018, AtTEnd and DUO-E.

• #82

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11864-023-01169-x

  The emerging direction of cancer research and treatment is targeted therapy, which the National Cancer Institute defines as a treatment that uses drugs or other substances to target specific molecules in order to prevent the survival and spread of cancer cells. […] Pembrolizumab is an anti-PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody that is utilized as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. […] These results suggest that MMRd patients may have a particularly high response rate to single agent immunotherapy, and that MMRp may have a modest response rate, but potentially on par historically with other single cytotoxic agents. […] Based on the findings of these studies, the NCCN guidelines have been updated to include combination therapy with pembrolizumab/carboplatin/paclitaxel and dostarlimab/carboplatin/paclitaxel as Category 1, preferred, primary therapy options for stage III or IV endometrial carcinoma.

• #83 Endometrial Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/endometrial-cancer-pharmacologic-management/

  Targeted therapy for endometrial cancer focuses on different aspects of how cancer cells grow and spread. The use of targeted therapy for the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer is relatively new and is mostly used in high-risk, metastatic, or recurrent disease. Lenvatinib is currently the only targeted therapy approved by the FDA to treat patients with endometrial cancer. It is approved when surgery or radiation therapy is not an option, and after previous systemic treatment has failed. However, additional targeted therapies are under investigation, with targets including the PI3K pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin kinase, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2, formerly HER2), and protein phosphatase 2. […] Monitoring parameters will differ based on therapy and patient comorbidities. Clinicians should be aware of different monitoring considerations before treatment, during treatment, and after treatment. Before treatment begins, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that all patients be tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) using tests for the hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antibody total immunoglobulin, and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. However, cancer treatment should not be delayed pending receipt of the results of the HBV screening tests. Further treatment and follow-up are required if the screening test results reveal HBV positivity.

• #84 An Overview of Endometrial Cancer with Novel Therapeutic Strategies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10528347/

  Pembrolizumab immunotherapy is currently approved for a subset of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancers, which make up only 13-30% of recurrent EC cases. […] Further research and clinical trials to explore additional treatment options, including immune and targeted therapies for patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer, are ongoing, with hopes of prolonging survival and finding cures for patients with this disease.

• #85 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Landing Page | American Cancer Society | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/treating.html

  Whether or not you continue treatment, there are still things you can do to help maintain or improve your quality of life. […] Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] Hospice care is designed to provide the best possible quality of life for people who are near the end of life.

• #86 Endometrial cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometrial-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352466

  Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. Targeted therapy is usually combined with chemotherapy for treating advanced endometrial cancer. […] Immunotherapy uses medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn’t be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells. For endometrial cancer, immunotherapy might be considered if the cancer is advanced and other treatments haven’t helped. […] Palliative care is a special type of health care that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of health care professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family.

• #87 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=bendt2

  Feeling very tired or weak […] Nausea […] Bladder irritation and/or blood in your urine […] Bowel irritation and diarrhea or rectal bleeding […] Early menopause (If you still have your ovaries because you did not have surgery, radiation can damage them so they stop making hormones.) […] Side effects depend on the type of radiation therapy used. […] Some long-term side effects of radiation may not show up for many months or years after you finish treatment. […] Vaginal dryness or scarring may become a lifelong problem, which can make having sex painful. […] Radiation can weaken the bones, causing fractures of the hip or pelvic bones.

• #88 Patient education: Endometrial cancer treatment after surgery (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endometrial-cancer-treatment-after-surgery-beyond-the-basics

  Experts recommend close follow-up after the completion of treatment for endometrial cancer, particularly in the first three years after diagnosis, when the risk of recurrence is highest. […] Premenopausal women who have had their ovaries removed as part of treatment usually experience symptoms of menopause. […] The most effective treatment for these symptoms is the female hormone estrogen. […] Many of these problems are treatable: Ask your doctor or nurse about using vaginal dilators to prevent and treat narrowing of the vagina. […] Progress in treating cancer requires that better treatments be identified through clinical trials, which are conducted all over the world.

• #89

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/uterine-cancer/treatment.php

  Every uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is different, which is why at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, we will tailor your treatment plan to your individual cancer. […] At Winship, we have all the necessary therapy options available to treat your uterine cancer. Based on your unique diagnosis, those treatments may include: […] Most uterine cancers are first treated with hysterectomy, or surgical removal of the uterus and cervix. […] Radiation therapy, the use of high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells, is a uterine cancer treatment that may be used to kill any cancer cells that remain after surgery. […] This treatment involves the use of medication to attack cancer cells throughout the body. […] This type of treatment uses drugs to help your body’s immune system recognize and enhance its ability to attack cancer cells.

• #90 How We Treat Endometrial Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/endometrial-cancer/treatment

  Endometrial cancer, sometimes referred to as uterine cancer, is the most common gynecologic disease diagnosed in the United States. […] We create a unique treatment plan for every patient and consider all aspects of your health when making our recommendations. […] You can feel confident in the treatment at the Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers Gynecologic Oncology Program, as our specialists in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation focus exclusively on gynecologic cancers. […] The treatment of endometrial cancer depends on the stage and the specific pathology type of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Surgery is generally considered for this disease, and the majority of patients undergo surgery to remove the uterus and cervix up front. In early stages, minimally invasive surgery may be the only treatment required. In later stages, more involved and extensive surgeries to remove disease outside the uterus and cervix may be required, in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

• #91 Endometrial Cancer Treatment Landing Page | American Cancer Society | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/treating.html

  Depending on the type and stage of the endometrial cancer, you may need more than one type of treatment. […] Its important to talk with your family and treatment team about all of your treatment options, as well as their possible side effects, so you make the choice that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. […] Knowing all of your options and finding the resources you need will help you make informed decisions about your care.

• #92 Treatment of Uterine Cancer | Uterine Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/treatment/index.html

  Talk to your cancer doctor about the treatment options available for your type and stage of cancer. Your doctor can explain the risks and benefits of each treatment and the side effects. […] Clinical trials use new treatment options to see if they are safe and effective. If you have cancer, you may want to take part. […] Complementary and alternative medicine are medicines and health practices that are not standard cancer treatments. Complementary medicine is used in addition to standard treatments. Alternative medicine is used instead of standard treatments. Acupuncture and supplements like vitamins and herbs are some examples.

• #93 An Overview of Endometrial Cancer with Novel Therapeutic Strategies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10528347/

  Pembrolizumab immunotherapy is currently approved for a subset of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancers, which make up only 13-30% of recurrent EC cases. […] Further research and clinical trials to explore additional treatment options, including immune and targeted therapies for patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer, are ongoing, with hopes of prolonging survival and finding cures for patients with this disease.

• #94 Evolving Treatment Landscape in Endometrial Cancer | Published in healthbook TIMES Oncology Hematology

  https://onco-hema.healthbooktimes.org/article/120914-evolving-treatment-landscape-in-endometrial-cancer

  Endometrial cancer is a gynecological malignancy that poses a serious health burden, especially in advanced or metastatic settings. Patients with early-stage disease can be treated with surgery, possibly in conjunction with chemotherapy, hormone therapy or radiation therapy, to achieve better results. […] Recently, clinical trials have shown promising results for immunotherapy and targeted therapies in patients with advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer. In particular, immunotherapy has improved clinical outcomes, both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents, in patients with microsatellite stable and unstable (microsatellite instability-high) endometrial cancer. […] Generally, the standard of care (SoC) for patients with advanced disease is carboplatin and paclitaxel. At the same time, no SoC exists in the second line, but doxorubicin and paclitaxel are considered the most active therapies.

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