Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is a condition where you have difficulty recognising people’s faces. […] The main symptom of prosopagnosia is having difficulty recognising faces. You’ll still see the parts of a face normally, but all faces may look the same to you. […] It affects people differently. Some people may not be able to tell the difference between strangers or people they do not know well. Others may not recognise the faces of friends and family, or even their own face. […] Other symptoms of prosopagnosia can include difficulty with recognising emotions on people’s faces, recognising people’s age and gender, recognising characters and following plots in TV programmes or films, recognising other things, such as cars or animals, and finding your way around. […] Difficulty recognising faces may make it harder to form relationships, or cause problems at work or school.

• #2 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] The brain area usually associated with prosopagnosia is the fusiform gyrus, which activates specifically in response to faces. […] Acquired prosopagnosia results from occipito-temporal lobe damage and is most often found in adults. […] In congenital prosopagnosia, the individual never adequately develops the ability to recognize faces. […] There are no widely accepted treatments. […] Prosopagnosia has also been associated with other disorders that are associated with nearby brain areas: left hemianopsia, achromatopsia, and topographical disorientation.

• #3 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  This may affect your mental health and may lead to social anxiety or depression. […] Prosopagnosia is caused by a problem with the part of the brain that processes information about faces. […] It can happen if you do not develop the ability to recognise faces – this is the most common type and may run in families, from brain damage, such as following a stroke, head injury, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), or Alzheimer’s disease, or if you’re autistic.

• #4 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] The brain area usually associated with prosopagnosia is the fusiform gyrus, which activates specifically in response to faces. […] Acquired prosopagnosia results from occipito-temporal lobe damage and is most often found in adults. […] In congenital prosopagnosia, the individual never adequately develops the ability to recognize faces. […] There are no widely accepted treatments. […] Prosopagnosia has also been associated with other disorders that are associated with nearby brain areas: left hemianopsia, achromatopsia, and topographical disorientation.

• #5 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): Tests, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_a_person_with_face_blindness_see/article.htm

  Living with prosopagnosia, especially if you are born with it, makes you unconsciously compensate by using other aspects of a person to recognize them, like their voice, mannerisms, gait, and other unique characteristics. […] People with face blindness start observing other aspects of a person more closely and depend less on facial features for recognition. […] Children can have face blindness. Congenital prosopagnosia is more common than the acquired type, and there is often a family history. […] It was earlier believed that approximately 2-2.5% of the world population may have face blindness, but recent research suggests that 3.08% (one in 33 persons) may have it.

• #6 Face Blindness May Affect More than 3% of People, Study Finds

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/face-blindness-may-affect-more-than-3-of-people-study-finds/

  Prosopagnosia affects about 10 million Americans and can be caused by brain injury or developmental abnormalities. […] Poor facial recall can limit employment opportunities and cause social distress, but cognitive training and coaching may help those with milder forms. […] The results showed that face blindness lies on a continuum. Of the 3,341 people tested, 31 (.9 percent) had major prosopagnosia, while 72 (2.2 percent) had a milder form. […] DeGutis said that the facial recall challenges can be caused by a brain injury to occipital or temporal regions, referred to as acquired prosopagnosia, or it can be the result of a lifelong condition related to genetic or developmental abnormalities, referred to as developmental prosopagnosia. […] Face blindness can be a socially debilitating disorder that can limit employment opportunities. For example, networking is extremely difficult for people with prosopagnosia and can cause social distress and embarrassment. […] Recent evidence suggests that people with milder forms of face blindness may benefit from treatments that include cognitive training to enhance perceptual abilities or coaching aimed directly at improving face associations.

• #7 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness) Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/prosopagnosia-2860990

  Some people are born without the ability to recognize faces, known as congenital or developmental prosopagnosia. Children with this type of face blindness may not realize their inability to recognize faces until they are much older. […] Congenital prosopagnosia is not caused by any structural differences in the brain or brain damage. Some researchers believe that congenital prosopagnosia may be inherited since the condition tends to run in families. […] Acquired prosopagnosia may occur after brain damage from a head injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. Individuals with this type of prosopagnosia were previously able to recognize faces. Research suggests they are unlikely to gain back this ability, though they may learn to compensate. […] The neurological basis for prosopagnosia is not well understood.

• #8 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a condition in which individuals are unable to easily and accurately recognize others by their faces. […] Prosopagnosia can manifest in two primary forms: acquired prosopagnosia (AP) and developmental prosopagnosia (DP). […] DP is more prevalent in the general population, affecting approximately 2–2.5% of adults and 1.2–4% of children. […] Prosopagnosia can have lasting effects on children’s ability to form and maintain social relationships. […] Nearly all individuals with prosopagnosia had trouble recognizing people they knew well, such as friends, co-workers, and family members.

• #9

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/prosopagnosia(faceblindness)/

  Prosopagnosia is caused by a problem with the part of the brain that processes information about faces. […] It can happen if you do not develop the ability to recognise faces this is the most common type and may run in families, from brain damage, such as following a stroke, head injury, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), or Alzheimer’s disease, or if you’re autistic.

• #10

  http://www.bibalex.org/SCIplanet/en/Article/Details.aspx?id=17876

  It is a neurological disorder that causes a person to not recognize or distinguish faces. This condition is not related to memory loss, vision impairment, or learning disabilities. With a prevalence of 2.5%, prosopagnosia can happen in two different ways, either as an acquired condition or as a congenital problem. Acquired prosopagnosia results from a stroke in the brain, a traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s, dementia, or another neurodegenerative disease. Congenital prosopagnosia refers to a disorder where a child is born with it due to the inheritance of some genes or the occurrence of a genetic mutation. Sometimes, this disorder appears in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Asperger Syndrome (AS), or Turner Syndrome (TS); this could be the cause of the social interaction challenges they face.

• #11 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  This may affect your mental health and may lead to social anxiety or depression. […] Prosopagnosia is caused by a problem with the part of the brain that processes information about faces. […] It can happen if you do not develop the ability to recognise faces – this is the most common type and may run in families, from brain damage, such as following a stroke, head injury, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), or Alzheimer’s disease, or if you’re autistic.

• #12 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): Tests, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_a_person_with_face_blindness_see/article.htm

  Prosopagnosia is the inability of the brain to process the visual information about facial features that the eyes send to the brain. There can also be an inability to retain or recall the memory of information associated with a face. […] Prosopagnosia can occur following a stroke, trauma to the brain, or neurodegenerative diseases. […] Currently, there is no cure for face blindness. Treatment of prosopagnosia is mainly supportive and involves developing coping mechanisms to help manage the condition better. […] Face blindness can lead to the following complications: Depression, Social anxiety, Social withdrawal, Lack of confidence, Difficulty building and maintaining relationships, Difficulty following characters in movies or TV shows. […] Face blindness cannot be cured with our current knowledge of the condition.

• #13 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia is defined as the inability to recognize known and new faces. It is also known as facial/visual agnosia. There are varying degrees of impairment in prosopagnosia, including: The inability to recognize, Discriminate, Identify different or own faces, Discern differences between faces and surrounding objects. This impairment causes a psychological and social impact leading to functional impairment, unemployment, social isolation, depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. Patients with juvenile prosopagnosia cannot recognize faces throughout their life, and a strong family history is usually present. Variants of prosopagnosia include an apperceptive variant (deficits in facial structure perception), and amnestic or associative variant (unable to remember faces even though they can perceive them; the perceptual information cannot access facial memories because of a disconnection or loss of them). The pathophysiology is still not completely understood and is a prominent area of research. Diagnostic tests can divide into three main types. First, perception tests that can accurately evaluate the patient’s ability to discriminate between different visual facial stimuli. Second, recognition tests that can specifically assess short and long term recognition patterns of faces. Third, facial identification tests that involve other auditory or tactile cues (such as naming) to help identify facial stimuli. Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. At this time, there is no evidence-based study that guides the creation of an interdisciplinary team for prosopagnosia.

• #14 Prosopagnosia – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, refers to the neuro-ophthalmic disorder in which a patient has difficulty perceiving or recognizing faces. […] Apperceptive prosopagnosia is defined as the inability to even perceive and cognitively process the face. Associative prosopagnosia is defined as inability to recognize or apply any meaning to the face, despite perceiving it. […] The diagnosis of prosopagnosia is made clinically. […] A patient with apperceptive prosopagnosia will claim they are unable to even perceive a face at all, let alone recognize who the face belongs to. […] A patient with associate prosopagnosia will claim no issue perceiving a face but will not be able to attach meaning to the face. […] Currently there are no effective treatments for prosopagnosia. […] Spontaneous recovery of prosopagnosia has been rarely noted in the literature.

• #15 Prosopagnosia: Causes and managementMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia is a neurological condition where a person is unable to recognize faces. It typically arises due to problems or damage in specific areas of the brain that process facial information. […] Also known as face blindness or facial agnosia, this condition results in the inability to recognize faces. […] The primary symptom of prosopagnosia is an inability to recognize faces. However, the severity of this symptom can vary among those living with face blindness. […] Symptoms may also depend on the type of prosopagnosia. For example, a type of prosopagnosia known as apperceptive prosopagnosia describes when a person sees a blurry image instead of a person’s facial characteristics. Associative prosopagnosia refers to when a person can identify facial features but cannot associate the faces with individuals they know.

• #16 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia): Test, Symptoms, and CausesHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/face-blindness

  Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a rare brain disorder characterized by the inability to recognize or differentiate faces. […] People with face blindness may have difficulty noticing differences in the faces of strangers. Others may even have a hard time recognizing familiar faces. […] The most common symptom of face blindness is an inability to recognize or discriminate between faces. This may make forming relationships more difficult, both in a personal and professional setting. […] People with minor prosopagnosia may just struggle to differentiate or identify faces of strangers or people they don’t know well. Those with moderate to severe face blindness may struggle to recognize faces of people they see regularly, including family members and close friends. […] In very severe cases, people with face blindness may not recognize their own faces. This may cause social anxiety or depression.

• #17 Understanding Prosopagnosia – Faceblind

  https://www.faceblind.org/research/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is an impairment in the recognition of facial identity. Prosopagnosics often have difficulty recognizing family members, close friends, and even themselves. […] Prosopagnosics have difficulty knowing whether they have seen a face before, and they often have problems recognizing faces they have encountered many times. In extreme cases, prosopagnosics have trouble recognizing even those people that they spend the most time with such as their spouse and children. […] One of the telltale signs of prosopagnosia is great reliance on non-facial information such as hair, gait, clothing, voice, and other information. […] Developmental prosopagnosics have never recognized faces normally so their impairment is often not readily apparent to them. As a result, many developmental prosopagnosics are unaware of their prosopagnosia even as adults.

• #18 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): Tests, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_a_person_with_face_blindness_see/article.htm

  Face blindness (prosopagnosia) People with face blindness have difficulty recognizing the faces of people. […] Prosopagnosia is a brain disorder characterized by the inability to recognize or differentiate between faces of people. The severity of this condition varies; some may have difficulty differentiating between the faces of strangers or newly acquainted people, whereas others may struggle with recognizing even familiar faces. In some severe cases, they may not be able to recognize their own face. […] People with face blindness have difficulty with the following: Recognizing faces of strangers and faces of family and friends, Identifying similarities and differences between the facial features of people, Detecting emotional changes in a set of faces, Assessing information such as age or gender from a set of faces.

• #19 Prosopagnosia | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/basics/prosopagnosia

  People with prosopagnosia cannot recognize familiar faces and often cannot distinguish among the faces of strangers. […] They may also have trouble recognizing familiar places or objects or recognizing the difference between a person’s face and another object. Some people with prosopagnosia even have difficulty recognizing themselves. […] When it comes to prosopagnosia, “face blindness” is a bit of a misnomer. Someone with this condition might be looking directly at a person’s face, but be unable to see the entire visage. They might only be able to focus on and identify individual features. Once the face is out of their field of vision, they are unable to retrieve any memory of it. In addition to face blindness, people with prosopagnosia may find it difficult to recognize facial cues and remember places.

• #20 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is a condition where you have difficulty recognising people’s faces. […] The main symptom of prosopagnosia is having difficulty recognising faces. You’ll still see the parts of a face normally, but all faces may look the same to you. […] It affects people differently. Some people may not be able to tell the difference between strangers or people they do not know well. Others may not recognise the faces of friends and family, or even their own face. […] Other symptoms of prosopagnosia can include difficulty with recognising emotions on people’s faces, recognising people’s age and gender, recognising characters and following plots in TV programmes or films, recognising other things, such as cars or animals, and finding your way around. […] Difficulty recognising faces may make it harder to form relationships, or cause problems at work or school.

• #21 Prosopagnosia: Causes and managementMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prosopagnosia

  Additional symptoms of prosopagnosia can include difficulty in interpreting facial expressions, reliance on nonfacial cues such as hairstyle, clothing, or voice to identify people, feeling socially isolated or anxious due to challenges in recognizing others, difficulty navigating social situations, particularly in crowded or unfamiliar environments, difficulty with tasks that require facial recognition, such as remembering names or following plotlines in movies or TV shows, problems recognizing objects, such as cars, household utensils, or garden tools, and navigational difficulties. […] While the causes of prosopagnosia vary, it often relates to problems in the brain regions responsible for facial processing. […] The diagnostic process involves tests to measure a person’s ability to identify recently introduced faces. […] Although there is currently no cure, there are management strategies available for prosopagnosia. These include using nonfacial cues and recognition aids.

• #22 What is Prosopagnosia? | Mental Health | CPD Online College

  https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/what-is-prosopagnosia/

  Those diagnosed with prosopagnosia may also have difficulties or deficits with other areas associated with facial processing, including: Difficulty judging age or gender. Difficulty recognising facial expressions and emotions. Difficulty following an individuals gaze. […] Symptoms of prosopagnosia can manifest in a variety of different ways. Recognising symptoms in other people can be even more difficult especially if they have developed their own coping strategies. […] Symptoms of prosopagnosia can include: Unable to recognise, or poor recognition of, familiar people, either in person or in photographs. Not recognising yourself in the mirror or photographs. Using other distinguishing features, such as hairstyle, clothing or mannerisms to identify people. Differences in the way they describe faces. Confusion regarding characters and plots when watching films or TV programmes. Feeling disoriented in crowds. Feelings of stress or anxiety in social situations. Navigational difficulties. Refusal or difficulty greeting people by name.

• #23 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia): Test, Symptoms, and CausesHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/face-blindness

  Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a rare brain disorder characterized by the inability to recognize or differentiate faces. […] People with face blindness may have difficulty noticing differences in the faces of strangers. Others may even have a hard time recognizing familiar faces. […] The most common symptom of face blindness is an inability to recognize or discriminate between faces. This may make forming relationships more difficult, both in a personal and professional setting. […] People with minor prosopagnosia may just struggle to differentiate or identify faces of strangers or people they don’t know well. Those with moderate to severe face blindness may struggle to recognize faces of people they see regularly, including family members and close friends. […] In very severe cases, people with face blindness may not recognize their own faces. This may cause social anxiety or depression.

• #24 What is prosopagnosia? Long COVID may cause face blindness: study

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2023/03/13/long-covid-may-cause-prosopagnosia-face-blindness/11387483002/

  Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, affects people on a spectrum from having trouble keeping TV characters straight to apologizing after bumping into someone in a mirror. […] It’s not clear how many people have developed face blindness after having COVID-19. But the woman, whom researchers identified only as „Annie” to protect her privacy, was one of more than 50 long COVID patients who reported to Dartmouth College researchers in a new study they were having trouble identifying faces after their infection. […] At the most extreme, some with the condition can’t even recognize themselves, apologizing for bumping into a person in the mirror. Others can’t identify familiar people if they’re in an unexpected context or wearing a hat. Some can’t follow television plot lines because the characters look too much alike.

• #25 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Face recognition is a highly complex cognitive process involving a dedicated network of brain regions. Prosopagnosia may present as degrees of impairment — some people are mildly affected, others might not recognize their own reflection. […] The onset of prosopagnosia, Postal says, depends on what caused it. With a stroke, it’s sudden: A patient wakes up in the hospital and recognizes the person keeping vigil at their bedside only when they speak. For those with dementia, there might be a slow decline in the ability to recognize faces. […] Some days the symptoms might be more prominent, “the next less so, but the trajectory is for increasing problems over time,” Postal says. “In the case of developmental prosopagnosia, it is usually a parent’s dawning realization that a child cannot distinguish one face from another.”

• #26 Understanding Prosopagnosia – Faceblind

  https://www.faceblind.org/research/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is an impairment in the recognition of facial identity. Prosopagnosics often have difficulty recognizing family members, close friends, and even themselves. […] Prosopagnosics have difficulty knowing whether they have seen a face before, and they often have problems recognizing faces they have encountered many times. In extreme cases, prosopagnosics have trouble recognizing even those people that they spend the most time with such as their spouse and children. […] One of the telltale signs of prosopagnosia is great reliance on non-facial information such as hair, gait, clothing, voice, and other information. […] Developmental prosopagnosics have never recognized faces normally so their impairment is often not readily apparent to them. As a result, many developmental prosopagnosics are unaware of their prosopagnosia even as adults.

• #27 Discovering Face Blindness: An Expert’s Perspective on Prosopagnosia

  https://reachmd.com/programs/neurofrontiers/discovering-face-blindness-an-experts-perspective-on-prosopagnosia/13934/

  if you have an apperceptive form, that means that central processes that you need to create the representation of the face in your brain is faulty. So, you do not see faces accurately. […] there are people who have anterior temporal damage, who have no problem seeing the difference between faces. What they struggle with is trying to match what they’re seeing with what they remember. […] prosopagnosia has been in the news lately, because Brad Pitt announced that he has it, and it’s caused him a lot of social awkwardness to the point he says he doesn’t even want to go out, because he sees people, and of course they recognize him, but, you know, he’s at a loss because he doesn’t recognize them. […] this is a condition that is rare, but when it’s acquired, people usually realize that something’s wrong.

• #28 Signs of Prosopagnosia in Children – Face Blind UKTwitter

  https://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/signs-in-childhood/

  Face recognition is an ability that develops through childhood, only reaching full maturity in mid-adolescence. However, if a child exhibits a number of these symptoms it may be worth considering whether they might have face blindness, particularly if other family members also have difficulty recognising familiar faces. Children with Prosopagnosia may: Fail to recognise familiar people […] Have difficulty making friends and appear withdrawn […] Mistakenly approach strangers […] Wait for you to wave before coming up to you at the school gate […] Have difficulty following TV shows (preferring cartoon characters) […] Appear distracted (seeking clues to someone’s identity from their shoes, bag etc) […] Failing to recognise someone when their appearance changes (e.g. their hair style or colour)

• #29 Prosopagnosia in Childhood

  https://lab.faceblind.org/dpkids/dpkids

  Developmental prosopagnosia (DP), also known as congenital prosopagnosia, is defined by extreme difficulties with face recognition resulting from the failure to develop the necessary neural mechanisms for processing faces. Many individuals with DP are unable to recognize even very familiar faces. They struggle with the faces of family and friends, and some even fail to recognize their own face in a mirror. […] DP is estimated to affect 2-2.9% of the population, and there are many different factors that are thought to contribute to a person’s risk of DP. These include genetic factors, neurological factors, and experiential factors. Exposure to faces at an early age is crucial to the development of normal face recognition abilities. […] Prosopagnosia can be difficult to identify because individuals with the disorder have normal intelligence and otherwise normal vision. In addition, abnormal behaviors that are often associated with prosopagnosia, such as social avoidance and failure to make eye contact, can be mistaken for other disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder. People with prosopagnosia often experience failure to recognize someone, especially if they have changed their appearance or are seen out of context, anxiety and fear that they will be unable to recognize friends or family members, loss of self-confidence due to social isolation, avoidance of social situations, and past social embarrassment, and difficulty following the plots of TV shows with human characters, as they can fail to recognize a character after a change in scene and/or clothing.

• #30 Prosopagnosia in Childhood

  https://lab.faceblind.org/dpkids/dpkids

  Having prosopagnosia as a child can create certain additional challenges. These may include difficulties making friends and participating in social activities, lack of fear of strangers because they can’t differentiate familiar from unfamiliar faces, which could put them in potentially dangerous situations, intense fear of getting lost or separated from parents and teachers because they know that they would have difficulty recognizing and relocating them, and behaving differently at school and at home, as they may feel more comfortable with family members who they find easier to recognize based on non-facial cues (like hairstyle).

• #31 Signs of Prosopagnosia in Children – Face Blind UKTwitter

  https://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/signs-in-childhood/

  Appear to be quite “clingy” in a crowd […] Teachers may suggest screening for an alternative developmental disorder, yet this seems inappropriate. Prosopagnosia also appears to be more prevalent amongst children with autism than in the general population, though this is still an area being researched. Recognising that a child is having difficulty recognising the faces of others is the first step in supporting children to manage the everyday challenges that they are likely to encounter.

• #32 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PMC Lock

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10901275/

  Loss of facial recognition or prosopagnosia has been well-recognized for over a century. […] Prosopagnosia has been linked to involvement of the fusiform gyri, mainly in the right hemisphere. […] We aim to assess demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics and neurological and neuropathological disorders associated with a diagnosis of prosopagnosia in a large cohort. […] The most common degenerative diagnoses were posterior cortical atrophy, primary prosopagnosia syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease dementia and semantic dementia, with each diagnosis accounting for >10% of this group. […] We identified a group of patients with non-degenerative transient prosopagnosia in which facial recognition loss improved or resolved over time. […] The most common pathological findings in those with degenerative prosopagnosia were frontotemporal lobar degeneration with hippocampal sclerosis and mixed Alzheimer’s and Lewy body disease pathology.

• #33 Face Blindness and Autism | Autism Resources

  https://www.songbirdcare.com/articles/face-blindness-and-autism

  Face blindness, also known as prosopagnosia, is a condition that makes it difficult to recognize faces. Face blindness is estimated to affect between 2 to 3 percent of the general population. However, recent studies suggest that face blindness might be more common in individuals with autism. […] There are varying degrees of face blindness—some people have a hard time recognizing familiar faces, while others may not be able to tell unknown faces apart. In more severe cases, face blindness can make it difficult for a person to tell the difference between a face and an object, or recognize their own face. […] A recent study found that face blindness affects 36 percent of adults with autism. […] While the condition is less common in the general population, it appears to affect more than 30 percent of adults with autism. Studies are still determining how many children are affected.

• #34 Understanding Face Blindness & Autism

  https://elemy.wpengine.com/mood-disorders/autism-and-face-blindness

  Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a condition that can be acquired through a brain injury, but it is also closely associated with developmental disorders like autism. About 40% of people with autism have prosopagnosia symptoms. […] Research into the extent of these symptoms shows that face blindness is more associated with social identification and communication problems when someone with autism has this condition. […] People with only prosopagnosia may also struggle to understand distance or angles, recognize objects or places, or understand navigation — none of which has to do specifically with human faces. […] People with autism and face blindness together can still recognize landmarks, but they struggle with faces and body language. […] Unfortunately, this condition can deeply impact everyday life, including job prospects, friendships, and dating relationships.

• #35 Understanding Face Blindness & Autism

  https://elemy.wpengine.com/mood-disorders/autism-and-face-blindness

  Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a condition that can be acquired through a brain injury, but it is also closely associated with developmental disorders like autism. About 40% of people with autism have prosopagnosia symptoms. […] Research into the extent of these symptoms shows that face blindness is more associated with social identification and communication problems when someone with autism has this condition. […] People with only prosopagnosia may also struggle to understand distance or angles, recognize objects or places, or understand navigation — none of which has to do specifically with human faces. […] People with autism and face blindness together can still recognize landmarks, but they struggle with faces and body language. […] Unfortunately, this condition can deeply impact everyday life, including job prospects, friendships, and dating relationships.

• #36 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] The brain area usually associated with prosopagnosia is the fusiform gyrus, which activates specifically in response to faces. […] Acquired prosopagnosia results from occipito-temporal lobe damage and is most often found in adults. […] In congenital prosopagnosia, the individual never adequately develops the ability to recognize faces. […] There are no widely accepted treatments. […] Prosopagnosia has also been associated with other disorders that are associated with nearby brain areas: left hemianopsia, achromatopsia, and topographical disorientation.

• #37 What Do Prosopagnosia Patients See? 9 Strategies

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_do_prosopagnosia_patients_see/article_em.htm

  There are two types of prosopagnosia (face blindness), with different causes. Developmental prosopagnosia occurs when a person has prosopagnosia without brain damage. Acquired prosopagnosia is a condition in which a person develops prosopagnosia after brain damage, often following a stroke or head injury. […] Prosopagnosia is not related to memory problems, learning disabilities, or vision loss. It may be associated with other developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, Turner syndrome, and Williams syndrome. […] There is no cure or specific treatment for prosopagnosia (face blindness) and treatment focuses on compensatory strategies that can help people work around the condition.

• #38 Understanding ADHD Face Blindness: Breaking Down the Invisible Connection

  https://www.goblinxadhd.com/blog/understanding-adhd-face-blindness-breaking-down-t/

  ADHD face blindness, also known as Prosopagnosia or Face Blindness, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the inability to recognize and remember faces. […] Common Symptoms Inability to recognize friends, family, or familiar faces; difficulty following conversations when multiple people are speaking; avoiding social situations due to embarrassment or anxiety. […] Research suggests that individuals with ADHD are more likely to experience face blindness, with some studies indicating a 10-20% co-occurrence rate. […] Face blindness in ADHD may be related to abnormalities in the fusiform gyrus, a brain region responsible for face processing, and may also involve impaired neural connections and attentional control. […] Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience difficulties with face recognition, a phenomenon known as face blindness or prosopagnosia.

• #39 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is a condition where you have difficulty recognising people’s faces. […] The main symptom of prosopagnosia is having difficulty recognising faces. You’ll still see the parts of a face normally, but all faces may look the same to you. […] It affects people differently. Some people may not be able to tell the difference between strangers or people they do not know well. Others may not recognise the faces of friends and family, or even their own face. […] Other symptoms of prosopagnosia can include difficulty with recognising emotions on people’s faces, recognising people’s age and gender, recognising characters and following plots in TV programmes or films, recognising other things, such as cars or animals, and finding your way around. […] Difficulty recognising faces may make it harder to form relationships, or cause problems at work or school.

• #40 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia is defined as the inability to recognize known and new faces. It is also known as facial/visual agnosia. There are varying degrees of impairment in prosopagnosia, including: The inability to recognize, Discriminate, Identify different or own faces, Discern differences between faces and surrounding objects. This impairment causes a psychological and social impact leading to functional impairment, unemployment, social isolation, depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. Patients with juvenile prosopagnosia cannot recognize faces throughout their life, and a strong family history is usually present. Variants of prosopagnosia include an apperceptive variant (deficits in facial structure perception), and amnestic or associative variant (unable to remember faces even though they can perceive them; the perceptual information cannot access facial memories because of a disconnection or loss of them). The pathophysiology is still not completely understood and is a prominent area of research. Diagnostic tests can divide into three main types. First, perception tests that can accurately evaluate the patient’s ability to discriminate between different visual facial stimuli. Second, recognition tests that can specifically assess short and long term recognition patterns of faces. Third, facial identification tests that involve other auditory or tactile cues (such as naming) to help identify facial stimuli. Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. At this time, there is no evidence-based study that guides the creation of an interdisciplinary team for prosopagnosia.

• #41 The Hidden Social Struggles of Face Blindness — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/7/20/the-hidden-social-struggles-of-face-blindness

  With impaired facial identification, those with prosopagnosia experience high social stress and anxiety in situations that critically involve communication, such as with family, at work and in public settings. The impairment can be so socially debilitating that it interferes with self-esteem and emotional well-being, resulting in difficulties in forming relationships and feelings of social isolation. […] Having face blindness may also lead to avoidance of socially-engaging situations as a coping mechanism, which can even be considered a phobia in extreme cases. […] These memory practices cannot cure prosopagnosia but can provide ways for individuals to adapt to social environments that require identification, thereby reducing social stress.

• #42 Prosopagnosia (Facial Blindness): Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment | BetterHelp

  https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/general/prosopagnosia-facial-blindness-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Approximately 2.5% of all people are thought to be born with facial blindness and have difficulty with facial recognition. […] Acquired prosopagnosia is currently believed to impact approximately one in 30,000 people worldwide. […] Depending on the cause of brain damage, facial processing difficulties may be reversible, and a person may retain the ability to recognize familiar faces. […] Because prosopagnosia usually impacts the way individuals view those they love, the condition can lead to significant mental distress and may be associated with conditions like depression and anxiety. […] Because facial blindness is a neurological condition often caused by severe brain damage or genetics, it is generally not considered “curable.” […] However, some people with acquired face blindness may find that it is a temporary condition for them, as in the case of a stroke or seizure whose impacts heal over time.

• #43 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  This may affect your mental health and may lead to social anxiety or depression. […] Prosopagnosia is caused by a problem with the part of the brain that processes information about faces. […] It can happen if you do not develop the ability to recognise faces – this is the most common type and may run in families, from brain damage, such as following a stroke, head injury, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), or Alzheimer’s disease, or if you’re autistic.

• #44 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia): Test, Symptoms, and CausesHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/face-blindness

  There is no cure for face blindness. Treatment focuses on helping people with the condition find coping mechanisms to better identify individuals. […] Face blindness can impact someone’s ability to establish personal and professional relationships. This can lead to social anxiety or depression. […] If you experience social anxiety or depression because of face blindness, consult a therapist.

• #45 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): What You Should Know

  https://www.verywellmind.com/prosopagnosia-definition-symptoms-traits-causes-treatment-6361626

  The good news is that the disorder doesn’t cause any physical health complications. It can, however, take a toll on your mental health. Many people with prosopagnosia report feeling frustrated, ashamed, anxious, or angry about their condition. […] This often causes self-isolation and social anxiety. If you are experiencing any of these signs, it’s essential to talk to a healthcare professional who can help you work through your feelings and help you adopt a more positive outlook.

• #46 Understanding Prosopagnosia – Faceblind

  https://www.faceblind.org/research/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is an impairment in the recognition of facial identity. Prosopagnosics often have difficulty recognizing family members, close friends, and even themselves. […] Prosopagnosics have difficulty knowing whether they have seen a face before, and they often have problems recognizing faces they have encountered many times. In extreme cases, prosopagnosics have trouble recognizing even those people that they spend the most time with such as their spouse and children. […] One of the telltale signs of prosopagnosia is great reliance on non-facial information such as hair, gait, clothing, voice, and other information. […] Developmental prosopagnosics have never recognized faces normally so their impairment is often not readily apparent to them. As a result, many developmental prosopagnosics are unaware of their prosopagnosia even as adults.

• #47 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Prosopagnosia sufferers deal with significant practical and social difficulties. Some are dismissed as “snobs” or unfriendly, and Gilbert says the condition means she sometimes struggles to understand deep emotion. […] “It’s not that I don’t care about the people in my life, but when I’m not with them, they are no longer in my head. I have no face to remember, nothing to attach an emotion to,” she said. “Imagine going on vacation by yourself. You can recall the places you visited, the food you ate and the things you did, but there are no people in the memories. That’s been my life from the time I was born. It can be lonely.” […] Experts agree, however, that most prosopagnosics develop strategies to compensate. […] Gilbert says she is upfront about her condition now: “I come right out and say, ‘Have we met before? I have face blindness and can’t recognize people, not even myself.’ My real friends come up to me and say their names and remind me what we last did together. I call those my memory prompts. I may not have the person in my memory, but I can recall an event or conversation.”

• #48 Common Indicators – Face Blind UKTwitter

  http://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/common-indicators/

  Certain situations can prove particularly challenging to prosopagnosics, and there are coping strategies which people commonly adopt to navigate everyday social situations. These can be strong indicators of face blindness. […] Bournemouth University have created a list of Hallmark Symptoms, including confusing characters in films, inability to identify people in photographs, appearing “lost” in a crowd, asking generic rather than personal questions when meeting someone, avoiding using other people’s names, never introducing themselves to someone else, or two people to each other, failing to recognise someone when their appearance changes (e.g. their hair style or colour), being unable to identify an unexpectedly encountered familiar person, walking past and accidentally ignoring familiar people, being unable to describe that face. […] A group of UK-based researchers have developed a validated measure of prosopagnosia severity The Twenty-item prosopagnosia index (PI20). It takes the form of a 20 item self-report questionnaire to assess the presence and severity of prosopagnosic traits.

• #49 What Is Prosopagnosia, Brad Pitt’s Face Blindness Condition? – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/06/well/mind/prosopagnosia-face-blindness.html

  Neurologists typically diagnose prosopagnosia through a series of tests to assess a person’s ability to remember and recognize faces. It can be a lengthy process, as doctors often take pains to assure a patient’s face blindness is not a symptom of a wider degenerative neurological condition. […] Many people with the condition, like Mr. Pitt, will not end up with a formal diagnosis. “Many of the challenges he’s describing, the problems he has, are not atypical for folks who experience it,” Dr. Stojic said. […] “It be can relatively debilitating for people,” he added. “It’s hard for other people to understand.”

• #50 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia is defined as the inability to recognize known and new faces. It is also known as facial/visual agnosia. There are varying degrees of impairment in prosopagnosia, including: The inability to recognize, Discriminate, Identify different or own faces, Discern differences between faces and surrounding objects. This impairment causes a psychological and social impact leading to functional impairment, unemployment, social isolation, depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. Patients with juvenile prosopagnosia cannot recognize faces throughout their life, and a strong family history is usually present. Variants of prosopagnosia include an apperceptive variant (deficits in facial structure perception), and amnestic or associative variant (unable to remember faces even though they can perceive them; the perceptual information cannot access facial memories because of a disconnection or loss of them). The pathophysiology is still not completely understood and is a prominent area of research. Diagnostic tests can divide into three main types. First, perception tests that can accurately evaluate the patient’s ability to discriminate between different visual facial stimuli. Second, recognition tests that can specifically assess short and long term recognition patterns of faces. Third, facial identification tests that involve other auditory or tactile cues (such as naming) to help identify facial stimuli. Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. At this time, there is no evidence-based study that guides the creation of an interdisciplinary team for prosopagnosia.

• #51 What is prosopagnosia? Long COVID may cause face blindness: study

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2023/03/13/long-covid-may-cause-prosopagnosia-face-blindness/11387483002/

  Similarly, those in the long COVID group self-reported new troubles navigating their environment, remembering phone numbers and tracking characters on TV shows. […] To be diagnosed with prosopagnosia requires an hourslong battery of tests and a low score on at least two. […] The classic diagnostic tests require learning new faces, perhaps seen in different lighting or from different angles, or identifying familiar faces, often celebrities. […] Despite the lack of clear treatments, it remains helpful to get diagnosed, DeGutis said, because it provides insight into how poor someone is at face recognition whether they are at the lower end of normal or truly at a disadvantage. […] It’s not that people with prosopagnosia can’t ever recognize a face, but it takes a lot more exposures for that face to become familiar. […] It is possible to improve facial recognition with practice, DeGutis said, though it’s not a cure and it’s not easy.

• #52 Common Indicators – Face Blind UKTwitter

  http://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/common-indicators/

  Certain situations can prove particularly challenging to prosopagnosics, and there are coping strategies which people commonly adopt to navigate everyday social situations. These can be strong indicators of face blindness. […] Bournemouth University have created a list of Hallmark Symptoms, including confusing characters in films, inability to identify people in photographs, appearing “lost” in a crowd, asking generic rather than personal questions when meeting someone, avoiding using other people’s names, never introducing themselves to someone else, or two people to each other, failing to recognise someone when their appearance changes (e.g. their hair style or colour), being unable to identify an unexpectedly encountered familiar person, walking past and accidentally ignoring familiar people, being unable to describe that face. […] A group of UK-based researchers have developed a validated measure of prosopagnosia severity The Twenty-item prosopagnosia index (PI20). It takes the form of a 20 item self-report questionnaire to assess the presence and severity of prosopagnosic traits.

• #53

  http://www.bibalex.org/SCIplanet/en/Article/Details.aspx?id=17876

  Diagnosing prosopagnosia is difficult because there is no clear line between this condition and having a below-average ability to remember faces. There are neurological and sensory tests that ensure healthy vision, as well as other tests to rule out any mental deficiencies, and for memory and the ability to identify objects, to rule out any kind of blindness the inability to perceive a sensory stimulus. There are also diagnostic tests, such as Computerized Tomography (CT) scans, Electroencephalogram (EEG), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); in addition to special tests for facial recognition, such as the Benton Face Recognition Test (BFRT), in which a person is asked to match a given face to one of six presented faces that are not distinguished by anything, such as hair or hats. […] To date, there is no treatment for prosopagnosia; however, if the reason for this condition is curable, whether medically or surgically, it would be a feasible solution. Other cases are trained to adapt to this disorder using different tip-offs to recognize people, such as the speaker’s voice, clothes, hairstyle, perfume, height, and ornaments. Several questions remain about this disorder, as well as attempts to understand and find ways to cure it.

• #54 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia is defined as the inability to recognize known and new faces. It is also known as facial/visual agnosia. There are varying degrees of impairment in prosopagnosia, including: The inability to recognize, Discriminate, Identify different or own faces, Discern differences between faces and surrounding objects. This impairment causes a psychological and social impact leading to functional impairment, unemployment, social isolation, depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. Patients with juvenile prosopagnosia cannot recognize faces throughout their life, and a strong family history is usually present. Variants of prosopagnosia include an apperceptive variant (deficits in facial structure perception), and amnestic or associative variant (unable to remember faces even though they can perceive them; the perceptual information cannot access facial memories because of a disconnection or loss of them). The pathophysiology is still not completely understood and is a prominent area of research. Diagnostic tests can divide into three main types. First, perception tests that can accurately evaluate the patient’s ability to discriminate between different visual facial stimuli. Second, recognition tests that can specifically assess short and long term recognition patterns of faces. Third, facial identification tests that involve other auditory or tactile cues (such as naming) to help identify facial stimuli. Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. At this time, there is no evidence-based study that guides the creation of an interdisciplinary team for prosopagnosia.

• #55 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): Tests, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_a_person_with_face_blindness_see/article.htm

  Prosopagnosia is the inability of the brain to process the visual information about facial features that the eyes send to the brain. There can also be an inability to retain or recall the memory of information associated with a face. […] Prosopagnosia can occur following a stroke, trauma to the brain, or neurodegenerative diseases. […] Currently, there is no cure for face blindness. Treatment of prosopagnosia is mainly supportive and involves developing coping mechanisms to help manage the condition better. […] Face blindness can lead to the following complications: Depression, Social anxiety, Social withdrawal, Lack of confidence, Difficulty building and maintaining relationships, Difficulty following characters in movies or TV shows. […] Face blindness cannot be cured with our current knowledge of the condition.

• #56 Prosopagnosia | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/basics/prosopagnosia

  Developmental prosopagnosia appears during childhood and may have genetic roots or arise as a result of a prenatal or childhood brain abnormality or damage. Acquired prosopagnosia can occur in older men and women after a brain injury, stroke, or the onset of degenerative disease. […] There is currently no cure for prosopagnosia. Treatment focuses on the development of compensatory skills for recognizing individuals, including friends, family members, and acquaintances, such as attending to cues like unique physical characteristics or voice. […] An area of the brain called the fusiform gyrus is responsible for recognizing human faces in greater detail than similarly complex but inanimate objects. It is also thought to be connected with memory. One theory states that prosopagnosia occurs when the fusiform gyrus is deformed or damaged in some way. […] While there is no cure for the prosopagnosia itself, people with this condition may experience symptoms of anxiety or depression that can be alleviated with the help of a professional.

• #57 Prosopagnosia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/prosopagnosia/

  Currently, there is no cure for prosopagnosia. However, several strategies can assist individuals in managing the condition: Non-Facial Cues: Encouraging the use of other identifying markers such as voice, clothing, or distinctive features. Environmental Context: Associating people with specific environments or contexts to aid recognition. Technological Aids: Utilizing apps and devices designed to assist with facial recognition and memory. […] Acquired prosopagnosia, often resulting from brain injury, presents unique challenges. The sudden loss of facial recognition ability can be particularly distressing, affecting personal relationships and professional life. […] The ability to recognize faces is deeply intertwined with social perception and personal identity. Prosopagnosia can impact one’s self-esteem, social interactions, and sense of belonging. Raising awareness about the condition is essential in fostering understanding and empathy within the community.

• #58 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Prosopagnosia sufferers deal with significant practical and social difficulties. Some are dismissed as “snobs” or unfriendly, and Gilbert says the condition means she sometimes struggles to understand deep emotion. […] “It’s not that I don’t care about the people in my life, but when I’m not with them, they are no longer in my head. I have no face to remember, nothing to attach an emotion to,” she said. “Imagine going on vacation by yourself. You can recall the places you visited, the food you ate and the things you did, but there are no people in the memories. That’s been my life from the time I was born. It can be lonely.” […] Experts agree, however, that most prosopagnosics develop strategies to compensate. […] Gilbert says she is upfront about her condition now: “I come right out and say, ‘Have we met before? I have face blindness and can’t recognize people, not even myself.’ My real friends come up to me and say their names and remind me what we last did together. I call those my memory prompts. I may not have the person in my memory, but I can recall an event or conversation.”

• #59 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  A handful of treatments are available for face blindness, some that target fixing the impairment, while others provide ways to work around it, says Joseph DeGutis, a collaborator at Faceblind.org and director of the Boston Attention and Learning Lab. […] He say his lab and others have “focused on improving face perception abilities, for example, by enhancing matching internal facial features or improving holistic processing abilities: the ability to integrate all the parts of the face into a single representation.” […] The lab has developed a training approach focused on memory to improve “face encoding strategies to enhance face recollection,” DeGutis says, because those with prosopagnosia typically lack “the ability to automatically recall semantic and contextual details when they see a face, although they may have a vague feeling of knowing.”

• #60 Discovering Face Blindness: An Expert’s Perspective on Prosopagnosia

  https://reachmd.com/programs/neurofrontiers/discovering-face-blindness-an-experts-perspective-on-prosopagnosia/13934/

  if they have this, yeah, it’s a problem. They’re going to need to come to grips with it, but most of them are very resourceful in learning how to use other cues, which often helps, but not always. […] we have done some perceptual learning/rehabilitation programs that are promising, but they’re not a cure yet. But we can improve people’s face recognition skills by about 35 percent with some of these training methods.

• #61 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  Given the significant impact of prosopagnosia on children’s social interactions and overall well-being, it is imperative to explore effective intervention methods to mitigate the challenges associated with this condition. […] The early identification of prosopagnosia symptoms and the concurrent treatment of co-occurring conditions would greatly aid in improving overall outcomes for children. […] The lack of a widely accepted treatment for children with prosopagnosia emphasizes the need for further research to improve intervention strategies. […] The effectiveness of these interventions for children with prosopagnosia remains limited, and their applicability and efficacy are subject to various constraints.

• #62 Discovering Face Blindness: An Expert’s Perspective on Prosopagnosia

  https://reachmd.com/programs/neurofrontiers/discovering-face-blindness-an-experts-perspective-on-prosopagnosia/13934/

  if they have this, yeah, it’s a problem. They’re going to need to come to grips with it, but most of them are very resourceful in learning how to use other cues, which often helps, but not always. […] we have done some perceptual learning/rehabilitation programs that are promising, but they’re not a cure yet. But we can improve people’s face recognition skills by about 35 percent with some of these training methods.

• #63 How Do I Know if I Have Face Blindness? Signs & Symptoms, Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_do_i_know_if_i_have_face_blindness/article.htm

  Although face blindness causes difficulty recognizing and remembering faces, it is not associated with memory impairment or intellectual deficits. The affected person has normal learning abilities and vision. […] Currently, there is no specific cure or treatment for face blindness. The affected person, however, can learn ways to cope with the disease with the help of doctors or therapists. They can help the person develop other mechanisms to identify people rather than their face alone. This may be through their hair, gait (way of walking), voice, or the way they dress. Face blindness may cause significant social anxiety and stress and may even lead to depression. Appropriate and timely help from a qualified psychiatrist must be obtained to cope with these problems. Children with face blindness may need particular care so that they are not harmed due to their inability to identify parents or caregivers. A pediatric psychologist may help build the childs confidence and allay any anxiety due to the condition.

• #64 Prosopagnosia (Facial Blindness): Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment | BetterHelp

  https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/general/prosopagnosia-facial-blindness-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Approximately 2.5% of all people are thought to be born with facial blindness and have difficulty with facial recognition. […] Acquired prosopagnosia is currently believed to impact approximately one in 30,000 people worldwide. […] Depending on the cause of brain damage, facial processing difficulties may be reversible, and a person may retain the ability to recognize familiar faces. […] Because prosopagnosia usually impacts the way individuals view those they love, the condition can lead to significant mental distress and may be associated with conditions like depression and anxiety. […] Because facial blindness is a neurological condition often caused by severe brain damage or genetics, it is generally not considered “curable.” […] However, some people with acquired face blindness may find that it is a temporary condition for them, as in the case of a stroke or seizure whose impacts heal over time.

• #65 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PMC Lock

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10901275/

  Loss of facial recognition or prosopagnosia has been well-recognized for over a century. […] Prosopagnosia has been linked to involvement of the fusiform gyri, mainly in the right hemisphere. […] We aim to assess demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics and neurological and neuropathological disorders associated with a diagnosis of prosopagnosia in a large cohort. […] The most common degenerative diagnoses were posterior cortical atrophy, primary prosopagnosia syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease dementia and semantic dementia, with each diagnosis accounting for >10% of this group. […] We identified a group of patients with non-degenerative transient prosopagnosia in which facial recognition loss improved or resolved over time. […] The most common pathological findings in those with degenerative prosopagnosia were frontotemporal lobar degeneration with hippocampal sclerosis and mixed Alzheimer’s and Lewy body disease pathology.

• #66 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PMC Lock

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10901275/

  In this large case series of patients diagnosed with prosopagnosia, we observed that facial recognition loss occurs across a wide range of acquired degenerative and non-degenerative neurological disorders, most commonly in males with developmental prosopagnosia. […] The right temporal and occipital lobes, and connecting fusiform gyrus, are key areas. […] Patients with developmental prosopagnosia may not be cognizant of their deficit or have limited insight. […] We observed that prosopagnosia is not always a permanent symptom but, when associated with certain non-degenerative aetiologies, may improve or resolve with time. […] The diagnosis of prosopagnosia in neurodegenerative disease is somewhat controversial as it is not universally accepted that patients with difficulty perceiving faces in the presence of other visual and cognitive dysfunction that could affect face perception should be diagnosed as having apperceptive prosopagnosia. […] Non-degenerative causes for prosopagnosia were common, accounting for over a quarter of diagnoses in our cohort. […] We were surprised to encounter as many patients as we did with transient prosopagnosia or prosopagnosia that improved over time.

• #67 Face Blindness Can Be a Symptom of Migraine, According to Study

  https://www.migraineagain.com/face-blindness-weird-symptoms/

  Prosopagnosia or “face blindness” is a neurological condition in which someone can’t recognize another person’s face, even someone they know well. It appears to be a “disconnect” between otherwise normal visual input and the brain functions that translate that input into facial recognition. […] While many cases are permanent (often congenital or caused by stroke, injury, or degenerative brain disease), a recent study revealed that’s not always the case — especially when it’s connected to migraine. […] Two of the most interesting findings in the patients with a non-degenerative diagnosis were the association of prosopagnosia with migraines and the observation that prosopagnosia can be transient and resolve over time. […] Prosopagnosia as a feature of classic migraine is rarely described in the literature since the first report over two decades ago. […] We were surprised to encounter as many patients as we did with transient prosopagnosia or prosopagnosia that improved over time.

• #68 COVID-19 Can Cause 'Face Blindness’ | Dartmouth

  https://home.dartmouth.edu/news/2023/03/covid-19-can-cause-face-blindness

  COVID-19 can cause difficulty recognizing faces and navigational problems, according to a new Dartmouth study in Cortex. […] The Dartmouth study is the first to report prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, following symptoms consistent with COVID-19. […] Shortly after the relapse, Annie noticed difficulty with face recognition and navigation. […] “When I first met Annie, she told me that she was unable to recognize the faces of her family,” says lead author Marie-Luise Kieseler. […] Annie also experienced navigational deficits after having COVID-19. […] The combination of prosopagnosia and navigational deficits that Annie had is something that caught our attention because the two deficits often go hand in hand after somebody either has had brain damage or developmental deficits.

• #69 'Face blindness’ could be rare long COVID symptom, case report hints | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/health/coronavirus/face-blindness-could-be-rare-long-covid-symptom-case-report-hints

  „Face blindness,” or the inability to recognize faces, may be a rare symptom of long COVID, a new case report suggests. […] A case report published in March in the journal Cortex suggests a possible link between long COVID and selective face recognition problems, but, for now, it’s unclear if people other than the report’s subject have developed the condition after a bout of coronavirus infection. […] Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a condition that an estimated 3% of the population are born with, and roughly 1 in 30,000 acquire as a result of damage to regions in the brain specialized for processing faces, such as the fusiform gyrus. In Annie’s case, she apparently acquired face blindness after falling ill with COVID-19. […] Navigational problems like this can often co-occur with face blindness.

• #70 What is prosopagnosia? Long COVID may cause face blindness: study

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2023/03/13/long-covid-may-cause-prosopagnosia-face-blindness/11387483002/

  Similarly, those in the long COVID group self-reported new troubles navigating their environment, remembering phone numbers and tracking characters on TV shows. […] To be diagnosed with prosopagnosia requires an hourslong battery of tests and a low score on at least two. […] The classic diagnostic tests require learning new faces, perhaps seen in different lighting or from different angles, or identifying familiar faces, often celebrities. […] Despite the lack of clear treatments, it remains helpful to get diagnosed, DeGutis said, because it provides insight into how poor someone is at face recognition whether they are at the lower end of normal or truly at a disadvantage. […] It’s not that people with prosopagnosia can’t ever recognize a face, but it takes a lot more exposures for that face to become familiar. […] It is possible to improve facial recognition with practice, DeGutis said, though it’s not a cure and it’s not easy.

• #71 'Face blindness’ could be rare long COVID symptom, case report hints | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/health/coronavirus/face-blindness-could-be-rare-long-covid-symptom-case-report-hints

  It is unclear exactly how COVID-19 might have contributed to Annie’s sudden face blindness. […] Annie’s case raises the question as to whether other people with long COVID may be affected with similar symptoms. […] A majority of this group indicated their overall visual recognition not specifically related to faces and navigation capabilities had declined since their illness onset. […] Symptoms of face blindness exist on a spectrum, and mild cases, where the inability to recognize faces may not be so severe, may go unreported. […] In future research projects, including brain imaging studies, the team plans to work with more people who’ve developed face-processing problems after catching COVID-19 to better understand the link between the infection and face blindness. […] Treatment for face blindness is limited, although this may change.

• #72 What It’s Like to Have Face Blindness during the Pandemic | Scientific American

  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-its-like-to-have-face-blindness-during-the-pandemic/

  A recent study from York University in Toronto and Ben-Gurion University in Israel confirmed this by demonstrating quantitative and qualitative changes in the [visual] processing of masked faces that could have significant effects on activities of daily living. Perhaps everyone now is experiencing a degree of face blindness.

• #73 Prosopagnosia

  https://www.brainfacts.org/diseases-and-disorders/neurological-disorders-az/diseases-a-to-z-from-ninds/prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize faces. Prosopagnosia is also known as face blindness or facial agnosia. Depending upon the degree of impairment, some people with prosopagnosia may only have difficulty recognizing a familiar face; others will be unable to discriminate between unknown faces, while still others may not even be able to distinguish a face as being different from an object. Some people with the disorder are unable to recognize their own face. Prosopagnosia can result from stroke, traumatic brain injury, or certain neurodegenerative diseases. In some cases it is a congenital disorder, present at birth in the absence of any brain damage. Children with congenital prosopagnosia are born with the disability and have never had a time when they could recognize faces. Prosopagnosia can be socially crippling. Individuals with the disorder often have difficulty recognizing family members and close friends. […] Prosopagnosia is thought to be the result of abnormalities, damage, or impairment in the right fusiform gyrus, a fold in the brain that appears to coordinate the neural systems that control facial perception and memory.

• #74 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia): Test, Symptoms, and CausesHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/face-blindness

  If you have prosopagnosia, you won’t forget a few faces every so often; it will be a consistent and recurring problem that doesn’t go away. […] Many of these symptoms can be attributed to other things, including shyness. […] Prosopagnosia is thought to be caused by abnormalities, impairment, or damage of a fold in the brain called the right fusiform gyrus. […] Prosopagnosia can be caused by stroke, injury to the brain, or some neurodegenerative diseases. […] In some cases, people are born with face blindness as a congenital disorder. […] Face blindness isn’t always a standard symptom of autism, but it seems to be more common in those with autism than in the general population. […] It’s important to note that face blindness is not caused by impaired vision, learning disabilities, or memory loss.

• #75 14 Things To Know About Prosopagnosia, A Blindness of Faces

  https://www.ranker.com/list/how-faceblindness-complicates-your-life/justin-andress

  Its called prosopagnosia, a neurological disorder that leaves its sufferers unable to recognize individual faces. Also known as face blindness, or facial agnosia, prosopagnosia effects thousands of people throughout the world to varying degrees. […] Faceblindness symptoms may be few, but their resulting handicaps are immeasurable. Similar to enduring blindness or hearing loss, face blindness can be a hugely isolating condition that has a profound impact on those living with it. […] In order for the brain to recognize a face, an extremely intricate series of neurons in the occipital and temporal lobes must work in conjunction. Damage to any part of the neural network that decodes facial features can cause face blindness to develop. […] In cases of acquired face blindness, there have been several studies to determine the root cause of the issue. Unfortunately, because of the complex nature of the cognitive system governing facial recognition, a lot of different ailments can result in someone being unable to recognize faces, even those belonging to family members.

• #76 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia) Study Used ‘Game of Thrones’ Footage and Brain Scans

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurology/game-of-thrones-study-offers-insights-into-brain-disorder/

  Psychologists learned more about face blindness (prosopagnosia), a neurological condition that makes it difficult to distinguish one face from another. Researchers have been working to learn more about face blindness (prosopagnosia), a brain disorder affecting an estimated 2 percent of the population that makes it difficult for people to distinguish one face from another. People with face blindness showed less activity in regions of the brain associated with nonvisual knowledge as well as less connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions. We found that activity in these nonvisual regions was significantly reduced as was the connectivity between the visual and nonvisual regions. The condition can vary in severity, ranging from having trouble recognizing acquaintances to being unable to recognize partners or even their own faces. People can be born with prosopagnosia (congenital prosopagnosia) due to issues in the initial wiring of the brain’s facial perception network or it can be acquired as the result of damage caused by a brain tumor, stroke, head trauma or Alzheimer’s disease. There is no cure for facial blindness. Currently, people experiencing problems should talk to a healthcare provider to find behavioral and physical therapies to help cope and compensate for the condition. The findings also suggest that people with face blindness have difficulty reading social situations because they are unable to use nonvisual information about people.

• #77 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PMC Lock

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10901275/

  In this large case series of patients diagnosed with prosopagnosia, we observed that facial recognition loss occurs across a wide range of acquired degenerative and non-degenerative neurological disorders, most commonly in males with developmental prosopagnosia. […] The right temporal and occipital lobes, and connecting fusiform gyrus, are key areas. […] Patients with developmental prosopagnosia may not be cognizant of their deficit or have limited insight. […] We observed that prosopagnosia is not always a permanent symptom but, when associated with certain non-degenerative aetiologies, may improve or resolve with time. […] The diagnosis of prosopagnosia in neurodegenerative disease is somewhat controversial as it is not universally accepted that patients with difficulty perceiving faces in the presence of other visual and cognitive dysfunction that could affect face perception should be diagnosed as having apperceptive prosopagnosia. […] Non-degenerative causes for prosopagnosia were common, accounting for over a quarter of diagnoses in our cohort. […] We were surprised to encounter as many patients as we did with transient prosopagnosia or prosopagnosia that improved over time.

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