Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What is the prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia? An empirical assessment of different diagnostic cutoffs

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10065901/

  The prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), lifelong face recognition deficits, is widely reported to be 22.5%. However, DP has been diagnosed in different ways across studies, resulting in differing prevalence rates. […] We found estimated prevalence rates ranged from 0.645.42% when using a z-score approach and 0.13 2.95% when using a percentile approach, with the most commonly used cutoffs by researchers having a prevalence rate of 0.93% (z-score, 0.45% when using percentiles). […] Together, these results suggest that researchers have used more conservative DP diagnostic cutoffs than the widely reported 22.5% prevalence. […] As these studies demonstrate, the prevalence of DP is dependent on the diagnostic criteria, and currently there is no widely accepted diagnostic criteria for DP.

• #2 Even mild face blindness can cause serious difficulties in daily life – new study

  https://theconversation.com/even-mild-face-blindness-can-cause-serious-difficulties-in-daily-life-new-study-254644

  Have you ever been ignored by someone you knew when you bumped into them in the street or at an event? If so, you probably thought they were being rude. But they might have face blindness a condition officially known as developmental prosopagnosia. […] Around one in 50 people have developmental prosopagnosia, a lifelong condition that causes severe face recognition difficulties despite otherwise normal vision, IQ and memory. […] Researchers usually describe not being able to recognise close friends and family as a severe form of prosopagnosia, but our new study conducted with a colleague at Dartmouth College in the US shows that even people classified as having mild prosopagnosia can have serious difficulties in daily life. […] Prosopagnosics told researchers how their condition caused them considerable difficulties at school, at work and in everyday social situations.

• #3 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. The term originally referred to a condition following acute brain damage (acquired prosopagnosia), but a congenital or developmental form of the disorder also exists, with a prevalence of 2.5%. […] In 2005, a study led by Ingo Kennerknecht showed support for the proposed congenital disorder form of prosopagnosia. This study provides epidemiological evidence that congenital prosopagnosia is a frequently occurring cognitive disorder that often runs in families. The analysis of pedigree trees formed within the study also indicates that the segregation pattern of hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA) is fully compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. This mode of inheritance explains why HPA is so common among certain families (Kennerknecht et al. 2006).

• #4 Prosopagnosia | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/basics/prosopagnosia

  People with prosopagnosia cannot recognize familiar faces and often cannot distinguish among the faces of strangers. Researchers estimate that 1 in 50 people may have some form of prosopagnosia. […] Studies suggest that the prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia is between 2 and 2.5 percent. […] Two percent of the healthy population suffer from some degree of prosopagnosia, or face blindness. Prosopagnosia can also result from brain damage, and these rare cases have given us unique insights into how we store our autobiographical memories.

• #5 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a condition in which individuals are unable to easily and accurately recognize others by their faces. […] DP is more prevalent in the general population, affecting approximately 2–2.5% of adults and 1.2–4% of children. […] The lack of a widely accepted treatment for children with prosopagnosia emphasizes the need for further research to improve intervention strategies. […] Given the significant impact of prosopagnosia on children’s social interactions and overall well-being, it is imperative to explore effective intervention methods to mitigate the challenges associated with this condition.

• #6 How common is face blindness? | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230227132443.htm

  Face blindness, a mystifying condition that can trick us into believing we recognize people we’ve never met or make us fail to recognize those we have, has been previously estimated to affect between 2 and 2.5 percent of people in the world. […] Now, a new study by researchers at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and the VA Boston Healthcare System is providing fresh insights into the disorder, suggesting it may be more common than currently believed. […] Published in February 2023 in Cortex, the study findings indicate that as many as one in 33 people (3.08 percent) may meet the criteria for face blindness, or prosopagnosia. This translates to more than 10 million Americans, the research team said. […] The study found similar face-matching performance between people diagnosed with prosopagnosia using stricter vs. looser criteria, suggesting that diagnostic criteria should be expanded to be more inclusive.

• #7 Face Blindness May Affect More than 3% of People, Study Finds

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/face-blindness-may-affect-more-than-3-of-people-study-finds/

  Prosopagnosia affects about 10 million Americans and can be caused by brain injury or developmental abnormalities. […] Published in the journal Cortex, the study estimated that more than three percent of people, or about 10 million Americans, meet the definition for face blindness, known clinically as prosopagnosia. […] Expanding the diagnosis is important because knowing that you have real objective evidence of prosopagnosia, even a mild form, can help you take steps to reduce its negative impacts on daily life, such as telling consequential coworkers, or seeking treatment, lead author Joseph DeGutis, associate professor of psychiatry at VA Boston, said in an interview with Harvard Medical News. […] The results showed that face blindness lies on a continuum. Of the 3,341 people tested, 31 (.9 percent) had major prosopagnosia, while 72 (2.2 percent) had a milder form.

• #8 Understanding Prosopagnosia – Faceblind

  https://www.faceblind.org/research/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is an impairment in the recognition of facial identity. Several estimates suggest 1 in 50 people are prosopagnosic. […] Prior to the 21st century, almost all cases of prosopagnosia that were documented resulted from brain damage, usually due to head trauma, stroke, or degenerative disease. Cases due to brain damage are called acquired prosopagnosia: these individuals had normal face recognition abilities that were then impaired. […] Many people with developmental prosopagnosia report family members with face processing deficits, and several families with multiple developmental prosopagnosics have been documented. A genetic contribution to many cases of developmental prosopagnosia fits with results from twin studies in the normal population that indicate that differences in face recognition ability are primarily due to genetic differences. […] Currently, we have a limited understanding of prosopagnosia, and so there are many research questions that need to be answered.

• #9 Study uses Game of Thrones to advance understanding of face blindness – News and events, University of York

  https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2024/research/game-of-thrones-face-blindness/

  In people with prosopagnosia, the effect of familiarity was not found in the same regions of the brain as it was in neurotypical participants. […] Their findings provide new insights into prosopagnosia or face blindness, a condition that impairs facial recognition and affects approximately 1 in 50 people. […] Consistent with their difficulty in recognising faces, the effect of familiarity was not found in the same regions of the brain found in neurotypical participants. The connections between the visual and non-visual regions were also reduced in face blindness. […] Our research enhances the understanding of how prosopagnosia appears to be linked to reduced neural connections, making it challenging to associate faces with personal knowledge, which is crucial for recognition.

• #10 What is the prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia? An empirical assessment of different diagnostic cutoffs

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10065901/

  The prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), lifelong face recognition deficits, is widely reported to be 22.5%. However, DP has been diagnosed in different ways across studies, resulting in differing prevalence rates. […] We found estimated prevalence rates ranged from 0.645.42% when using a z-score approach and 0.13 2.95% when using a percentile approach, with the most commonly used cutoffs by researchers having a prevalence rate of 0.93% (z-score, 0.45% when using percentiles). […] Together, these results suggest that researchers have used more conservative DP diagnostic cutoffs than the widely reported 22.5% prevalence. […] As these studies demonstrate, the prevalence of DP is dependent on the diagnostic criteria, and currently there is no widely accepted diagnostic criteria for DP.

• #11 How common is face blindness? | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230227132443.htm

  In the new study, led by Joseph DeGutis, HMS associate professor of psychiatry at VA Boston, the researchers found that face blindness lies on a spectrum — one that can range in severity and presentation — rather than representing a discrete group. […] The study results are based on a web-based questionnaire and tests administered to 3,341 individuals. […] The results showed that 31 individuals out of the 3,341 had major prosopagnosia, while 72 of the 3,341 had a milder form. […] Finally, the researchers compared face-matching scores among people with prosopagnosia diagnosed using different criteria and found that using stricter diagnostic cutoffs did not correspond with lower face-matching scores.

• #12 Face Blindness May Affect More than 3% of People, Study Finds

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/face-blindness-may-affect-more-than-3-of-people-study-finds/

  Prosopagnosia affects about 10 million Americans and can be caused by brain injury or developmental abnormalities. […] Published in the journal Cortex, the study estimated that more than three percent of people, or about 10 million Americans, meet the definition for face blindness, known clinically as prosopagnosia. […] Expanding the diagnosis is important because knowing that you have real objective evidence of prosopagnosia, even a mild form, can help you take steps to reduce its negative impacts on daily life, such as telling consequential coworkers, or seeking treatment, lead author Joseph DeGutis, associate professor of psychiatry at VA Boston, said in an interview with Harvard Medical News. […] The results showed that face blindness lies on a continuum. Of the 3,341 people tested, 31 (.9 percent) had major prosopagnosia, while 72 (2.2 percent) had a milder form.

• #13 How common is face blindness? | EurekAlert!

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/981014

  Study by researchers at Harvard Medical School/VA Boston Healthcare System suggests that face blindness lies on a continuum and may be more common than currently believed. […] As many as 1 in 33 people may meet the criteria for face blindness: 1 in 108 have major prosopagnosia whereas 1 in 47 have mild prosopagnosia. […] Published in February 2023 in Cortex, the study findings indicate that as many as one in 33 people (3.08 percent) may meet the criteria for face blindness, or prosopagnosia. This translates to more than 10 million Americans, the research team said. […] The study found similar face-matching performance between people diagnosed with prosopagnosia using stricter vs. looser criteria, suggesting that diagnostic criteria should be expanded to be more inclusive. […] The take-home message is that prosopagnosia lies on a continuum and stricter vs. looser diagnostic criteria employed in prosopagnosia studies in the past 13 years have identified mechanistically very similar populations, providing justification for expanding the criteria to include those with milder forms of it.

• #14 Even mild face blindness can cause serious difficulties in daily life – new study

  https://theconversation.com/even-mild-face-blindness-can-cause-serious-difficulties-in-daily-life-new-study-254644

  Have you ever been ignored by someone you knew when you bumped into them in the street or at an event? If so, you probably thought they were being rude. But they might have face blindness a condition officially known as developmental prosopagnosia. […] Around one in 50 people have developmental prosopagnosia, a lifelong condition that causes severe face recognition difficulties despite otherwise normal vision, IQ and memory. […] Researchers usually describe not being able to recognise close friends and family as a severe form of prosopagnosia, but our new study conducted with a colleague at Dartmouth College in the US shows that even people classified as having mild prosopagnosia can have serious difficulties in daily life. […] Prosopagnosics told researchers how their condition caused them considerable difficulties at school, at work and in everyday social situations.

• #15 Life with prosopagnosia: Face blindness affects more people than previously believed | PhillyVoice

  https://www.phillyvoice.com/face-blindness-prosopagnosia-cause-symptoms-treatment/

  He stressed that prosopagnosia is important to study because it can be socially debilitating and limit job opportunities. […] Diagnosing prosopagnosia generally involves undergoing a neurological exam, diagnostic imaging and sensory, memory and face recognition tests in which the patient is asked to identify pictures of famous people or specific facial expressions. […] „The majority of researchers have used overly strict diagnostic criteria and many individuals with significant face-recognition problems in daily life have been wrongly told they do not have prosopagnosia,” DeGutis told Harvard Medical News. „Expanding the diagnosis is important because knowing that you have real objective evidence of prosopagnosia, even a mild form, can help you take steps to reduce its negative impacts on daily life, such as telling consequential coworkers, or seeking treatment.”

• #16 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #17 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness) Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/prosopagnosia-2860990

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, may come with difficulties recognizing other things like facial cues and places. […] Although previously thought to be relatively rare, recent research suggests that around 2% percent of the general public may have some level of prosopagnosia. […] Congenital prosopagnosia is not caused by any structural differences in the brain or brain damage. […] Acquired prosopagnosia may occur after brain damage from a head injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. […] The neurological basis for prosopagnosia is not well understood. […] There are no cures for prosopagnosia. Those with prosopagnosia must learn other ways of remembering faces.

• #18 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a condition in which individuals are unable to easily and accurately recognize others by their faces. […] DP is more prevalent in the general population, affecting approximately 2–2.5% of adults and 1.2–4% of children. […] The lack of a widely accepted treatment for children with prosopagnosia emphasizes the need for further research to improve intervention strategies. […] Given the significant impact of prosopagnosia on children’s social interactions and overall well-being, it is imperative to explore effective intervention methods to mitigate the challenges associated with this condition.

• #19 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. The term originally referred to a condition following acute brain damage (acquired prosopagnosia), but a congenital or developmental form of the disorder also exists, with a prevalence of 2.5%. […] In 2005, a study led by Ingo Kennerknecht showed support for the proposed congenital disorder form of prosopagnosia. This study provides epidemiological evidence that congenital prosopagnosia is a frequently occurring cognitive disorder that often runs in families. The analysis of pedigree trees formed within the study also indicates that the segregation pattern of hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA) is fully compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. This mode of inheritance explains why HPA is so common among certain families (Kennerknecht et al. 2006).

• #20 Hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA): the first report outside the Caucasian population | Journal of Human Genetics

  https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg200730

  Prosopagnosia (PA) or face blindness is characterized by a deficiency in identifying familiar faces. […] We recently found that in the German Caucasian population, congenital prosopagnosia has a very high prevalence of at least 2.5% and that it is genetically determined. […] We could further show that the inborn form in the absence of any traumatic event is very common, with a minimal prevalence of 2.5%. […] This congenital monosymptomatic Mendelian cognitive deficit might be best described as non-syndromic hereditary PA (HPA). […] Up to date, all cases of inborn prosopagnosia have been reported exclusively in the Caucasian population. […] Hence, PA should also be common at least in proximal ethnic groups belonging to the Indo-German language group. […] The Indian student, we found, showed an almost similar profile to our German targets, clearly showing that this dysfunction is unique and relatively independent of cultural and ethnic background. […] However, as long as molecular genetic data are not available, it cannot be definitely excluded that some of them might be normal transmitters. […] Regarding the high frequency of prosopagnosia, homozygous carriers or in case of genetic heterogeneity compound heterozygous carriers should exist.

• #21 Understanding Prosopagnosia – Faceblind

  https://www.faceblind.org/research/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is an impairment in the recognition of facial identity. Several estimates suggest 1 in 50 people are prosopagnosic. […] Prior to the 21st century, almost all cases of prosopagnosia that were documented resulted from brain damage, usually due to head trauma, stroke, or degenerative disease. Cases due to brain damage are called acquired prosopagnosia: these individuals had normal face recognition abilities that were then impaired. […] Many people with developmental prosopagnosia report family members with face processing deficits, and several families with multiple developmental prosopagnosics have been documented. A genetic contribution to many cases of developmental prosopagnosia fits with results from twin studies in the normal population that indicate that differences in face recognition ability are primarily due to genetic differences. […] Currently, we have a limited understanding of prosopagnosia, and so there are many research questions that need to be answered.

• #22 An Overview of Face Recognition Disorders – Face Blind UK

  https://faceblind.org.uk/information/overview/

  Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a neurological condition that affects an individuals ability to recognise familiar faces. […] DP affects over 2% of the population approximately 1.2 million in the UK. […] Research at present suggests that the developmental prosopagnosia occurs equally frequently in men and women, and in all ethnic groups. […] A decline in ability, alongside other cognitive skills, is common in later life. […] It is sometimes referred to as congenital prosopagnosia. […] A higher incidence of prosopagnosia has been reported amongst individuals with autism.

• #23 Hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA): the first report outside the Caucasian population | Journal of Human Genetics

  https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg200730

  Prosopagnosia (PA) or face blindness is characterized by a deficiency in identifying familiar faces. […] We recently found that in the German Caucasian population, congenital prosopagnosia has a very high prevalence of at least 2.5% and that it is genetically determined. […] We could further show that the inborn form in the absence of any traumatic event is very common, with a minimal prevalence of 2.5%. […] This congenital monosymptomatic Mendelian cognitive deficit might be best described as non-syndromic hereditary PA (HPA). […] Up to date, all cases of inborn prosopagnosia have been reported exclusively in the Caucasian population. […] Hence, PA should also be common at least in proximal ethnic groups belonging to the Indo-German language group. […] The Indian student, we found, showed an almost similar profile to our German targets, clearly showing that this dysfunction is unique and relatively independent of cultural and ethnic background. […] However, as long as molecular genetic data are not available, it cannot be definitely excluded that some of them might be normal transmitters. […] Regarding the high frequency of prosopagnosia, homozygous carriers or in case of genetic heterogeneity compound heterozygous carriers should exist.

• #24 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  When Brad Pitt told an interviewer this year that he suffered from face blindness, the actor shared the loneliness of the condition: “Nobody believes me,” he said. But if you were in a room of 50 people, chances are that one of them might suffer from this rarely discussed condition. Not just Pitt but also primatologist Jane Goodall, and even the late neurologist and author Oliver Sacks. […] “Prosopagnosia,” from the Greek prosōpon “face” + agnōsia “ignorance” — or “face blindness” — is “a very specific neurological symptom … [in which] a person loses the ability to recognize people’s faces but retains the ability to recognize that person by the sound of their voice” or other means, says Karen Postal, a clinical instructor in neuropsychology at Harvard Medical School. […] Studies suggest up to 2.5 percent of the population has “developmental prosopagnosia” — that is, they’ve had it since birth, Postal says. Acquired prosopagnosia is rarer and “can arise in a variety of neurological conditions, including stroke, tumor, and degenerative dementia.”

• #25 Prosopagnosia (Facial Blindness): Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment | BetterHelp

  https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/general/prosopagnosia-facial-blindness-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Prosopagnosia is a medical condition and can be diagnosed when it has a defining cause. […] Approximately 2.5% of all people are thought to be born with facial blindness and have difficulty with facial recognition. […] Acquired prosopagnosia is currently believed to impact approximately one in 30,000 people worldwide. […] Developmental prosopagnosia, also known as congenital or hereditary prosopagnosia, is a result of genetic contributions. […] Acquired prosopagnosia results from damage to the occipito-temporal lobe or lesions in the right hemisphere of the brain and is commonly associated with tumors, strokes, and traumatic brain injuries among other conditions. […] Prosopagnosia is linked to damage in the “face network” of the brain, including the anterior temporal cortex.

• #26 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #27 Prosopagnosia: Causes and managementMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prosopagnosia

  Acquired prosopagnosia can result from various factors. Research notes that this can include traumatic brain injuries, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression or schizophrenia. […] The diagnostic process involves tests to measure a person’s ability to identify recently introduced faces. […] Although there is currently no cure, there are management strategies available for prosopagnosia. These include using nonfacial cues and recognition aids.

• #28 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): Tests, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_a_person_with_face_blindness_see/article.htm

  Face blindness (prosopagnosia) People with face blindness have difficulty recognizing the faces of people. […] Prosopagnosia may be seen in children with autistic spectrum disorders or after a stroke in adults. […] Researchers believe face blindness may be caused by abnormalities or damage to a fold in the brain called the right fusiform gyrus, which plays an important role in the coordination of the neural systems that are responsible for facial memory and perception. […] Prosopagnosia can occur following a stroke, trauma to the brain, or neurodegenerative diseases. […] Some people may be born with face blindness (congenital disorder) as it can run in families. […] The diagnosis of face blindness disease is mainly clinical. […] Face blindness cannot be cured with our current knowledge of the condition.

• #29 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #30 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is a condition where you have difficulty recognising people’s faces. […] The main symptom of prosopagnosia is having difficulty recognising faces. […] It affects people differently. […] Difficulty recognising faces may make it harder to form relationships, or cause problems at work or school. […] This may affect your mental health and may lead to social anxiety or depression. […] Prosopagnosia is caused by a problem with the part of the brain that processes information about faces. […] It can happen: if you do not develop the ability to recognise faces – this is the most common type and may run in families, from brain damage, such as following a stroke, head injury, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), or Alzheimer’s disease, if you’re autistic.

• #31 Prosopagnosia: You may not want to ignore your ‘facial blindness’ symptoms anymore – Times of India

  https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/prosopagnosia-you-may-not-want-to-ignore-your-facial-blindness-symptoms-anymore/articleshow/94227902.cms

  Prosopagnosia falls under a family of conditions, agnosias, which interfere with how your brain processes information from your senses. […] Prosopagnosia is a condition in which your brain is unable to recognise faces despite having normal vision. […] Prosopagnosia usually happens when the right fusiform gyrus area is affected, which is responsible for facial recognition, says Dr Pavan Pai, Consultant Interventional Neurologist and Stroke Specialist. […] Prosopagnosia is of two types: developmental (from birth) and acquired (from brain damage or underlying diseases). […] The potential causes of brain lesions (injuries) that cause acquired prosopagnosia include, but aren’t limited to Alzheimer’s disease, brain tumours, dementia, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), cerebral hypoxia (brain damage from lack of oxygen), infections, seizures and epilepsy, and stroke. […] Most patients tend to suffer from acquired prosopagnosia. […] Prosopagnosia is diagnosed clinically. […] If patients come with associated symptoms too, the doctors suggest an MRI or CT-Scan to assess the root cause.

• #32 ‘Sometimes I don’t recognise my own family’: life with face blindness | Health & wellbeing | The Guardian

  https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/may/08/sometimes-i-dont-recognise-my-own-family-life-with-face-blindness

  Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, has been raised as a possible symptom of long Covid. […] Last month, researchers at Dartmouth College in the US published a case study on Annie (a pseudonym), who had developed prosopagnosia since having Covid, to the extent she couldnt recognise members of her own family. […] The researchers are still at an early stage. However, there is another person who has claimed they have post-Covid prosopagnosia they want to work with, says Marie-Luise Kieseler, a doctoral student and lead author of the study, and two others who have been in touch. […] We do think there are lots of people who have some sort of visual problems after contracting Covid-19. […] Prosopagnosia is a rare condition, and most of the cases are acquired through some sort of brain injury or diseases such as encephalitis or Alzheimers, but some people are born with it.

• #33 'Face blindness’ could be rare long COVID symptom, case report hints | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/health/coronavirus/face-blindness-could-be-rare-long-covid-symptom-case-report-hints

  „Face blindness,” or the inability to recognize faces, may be a rare symptom of long COVID, a new case report suggests. […] A case report published in March in the journal Cortex suggests a possible link between long COVID and selective face recognition problems, but, for now, it’s unclear if people other than the report’s subject have developed the condition after a bout of coronavirus infection. […] Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a condition that an estimated 3% of the population are born with, and roughly 1 in 30,000 acquire as a result of damage to regions in the brain specialized for processing faces, such as the fusiform gyrus. […] It is not the first time that an infectious disease has been associated with acquired face blindness. […] Another case of a person developing face blindness after COVID-19 infection was reported in a 2021 study in the journal Acta Neuropsychologia.

• #34

  https://www.today.com/health/coronavirus/can-covid-19-cause-face-blindness-study-suggests-link-rcna75461

  Is face blindness or „prosopagnosia” caused by COVID-19? A new case study describes a 28-year-old long COVID patient who lost the ability to recognize faces. […] Recently, researchers observed a severe case of face blindness in a young woman following infection with COVID-19 and a battle with long COVID. […] The new peer-reviewed case study is the first report of prosopagnosia in a patient following infection with COVID-19, the study authors wrote. […] These findings indicate that COVID-19 may cause severe and selective neuropsychological impairments „similar to deficits seen following brain damage,” the study authors wrote, and that these problems are not uncommon among patients with long COVID. […] It’s still not known exactly how COVID-19 impacts the brain, but the researchers called for physicians to be aware of the potential for it to cause problems with facial recognition and navigation.

• #35 Face Blindness And Autism Awareness

  https://www.goldstarrehab.com/parent-resources/face-blindness-autism

  Understanding face blindness, also known as prosopagnosia, refers to the difficulty or inability to recognize and remember faces. This condition can significantly impact social identification and communication skills. Individuals with face blindness may struggle to recognize familiar faces, including those of family members and close friends. According to Autism Parenting Magazine, face blindness affects up to 50% of children with autism, which is significantly higher compared to the general population where the prevalence is around 2%. […] Statistical data indicates that around 40% of individuals with autism may also have face blindness, highlighting a significant subset of individuals with both conditions. […] While face blindness and autism are distinct conditions, there is a close correlation between the two. A study conducted at the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom found that face blindness affects up to 50% of children with autism, indicating a significant link between the two conditions. Additionally, research suggests that approximately 36% of adults with autism exhibit face blindness.

• #36 An Overview of Face Recognition Disorders – Face Blind UK

  https://faceblind.org.uk/information/overview/

  Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a neurological condition that affects an individuals ability to recognise familiar faces. […] DP affects over 2% of the population approximately 1.2 million in the UK. […] Research at present suggests that the developmental prosopagnosia occurs equally frequently in men and women, and in all ethnic groups. […] A decline in ability, alongside other cognitive skills, is common in later life. […] It is sometimes referred to as congenital prosopagnosia. […] A higher incidence of prosopagnosia has been reported amongst individuals with autism.

• #37 Understanding ADHD Face Blindness: Breaking Down the Invisible Connection

  https://www.goblinxadhd.com/blog/understanding-adhd-face-blindness-breaking-down-t/

  ADHD face blindness, also known as Prosopagnosia or Face Blindness, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the inability to recognize and remember faces. […] Estimated to affect 2-3% of the general population, although some research suggests it may be as high as 10% in individuals with ADHD. […] Research suggests that individuals with ADHD are more likely to experience face blindness, with some studies indicating a 10-20% co-occurrence rate. […] Studies suggest that individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more likely to experience face blindness, a condition characterized by difficulties in recognizing and remembering faces. […] In fact, a staggering 64% of individuals with ADHD exhibit face blindness, compared to only 12% of the general population.

• #38 Interrogating an ICD-coded electronic health records database to characterize the epidemiology of prosopagnosia | Journal of Clinical and Translational Science | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-clinical-and-translational-science/article/interrogating-an-icdcoded-electronic-health-records-database-to-characterize-the-epidemiology-of-prosopagnosia/36A1B96BD6D932922C73D35D7428603B

  Recognition of faces of family members, friends, and colleagues is an important skill essential for everyday life. Individuals affected by prosopagnosia (face blindness) have difficulty recognizing familiar individuals. The prevalence of prosopagnosia has been estimated to be as high as 3%. Prosopagnosia can severely impact the quality of life of those affected, and it has been suggested to co-occur with conditions such as depression and anxiety. […] We observed prosopagnosia diagnoses at a rate of 0.012% (12 per 100,000 individuals). We discovered elevated frequency of prosopagnosia diagnosis for individuals who carried certain comorbid conditions, such as personality disorder, depression, epilepsy, and anxiety. Moreover, prosopagnosia diagnoses increased with the number of comorbid conditions. […] Results from this study show a wide range of comorbidities and suggest that prosopagnosia is vastly underdiagnosed. Findings imply important clinical consequences for the diagnosis and management of prosopagnosia as well as its comorbid conditions.

• #39 The Hidden Social Struggles of Face Blindness — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/7/20/the-hidden-social-struggles-of-face-blindness

  Causes for prosopagnosia can be related to genetic variants, stroke, traumatic brain injury, tumors or some neurodegenerative diseases. Prosopagnosia can often be found in individuals with autism (ASD) and Aspergers Syndrome due to similar cognitive-emotional processes being affected. […] Davis et al. (2010) found that social anxiety (fears related to social rejection and social impressions) can stem from not only an inability to recognize facial expressions, but also from that of facial identity. With impaired facial identification, those with prosopagnosia experience high social stress and anxiety in situations that critically involve communication, such as with family, at work and in public settings. […] Having face blindness may also lead to avoidance of socially-engaging situations as a coping mechanism, which can even be considered a phobia in extreme cases.

• #40 Interrogating an ICD-coded electronic health records database to characterize the epidemiology of prosopagnosia | Journal of Clinical and Translational Science | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-clinical-and-translational-science/article/interrogating-an-icdcoded-electronic-health-records-database-to-characterize-the-epidemiology-of-prosopagnosia/36A1B96BD6D932922C73D35D7428603B

  Recognition of faces of family members, friends, and colleagues is an important skill essential for everyday life. Individuals affected by prosopagnosia (face blindness) have difficulty recognizing familiar individuals. The prevalence of prosopagnosia has been estimated to be as high as 3%. Prosopagnosia can severely impact the quality of life of those affected, and it has been suggested to co-occur with conditions such as depression and anxiety. […] We observed prosopagnosia diagnoses at a rate of 0.012% (12 per 100,000 individuals). We discovered elevated frequency of prosopagnosia diagnosis for individuals who carried certain comorbid conditions, such as personality disorder, depression, epilepsy, and anxiety. Moreover, prosopagnosia diagnoses increased with the number of comorbid conditions. […] Results from this study show a wide range of comorbidities and suggest that prosopagnosia is vastly underdiagnosed. Findings imply important clinical consequences for the diagnosis and management of prosopagnosia as well as its comorbid conditions.

• #41 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #42 What Is Prosopagnosia? An Odd Condition That Can Steal Your Face

  https://news.cuanschutz.edu/news-stories/what-is-prosopagnosia-an-odd-condition-that-can-steal-your-face

  A potentially isolating condition affecting at least one in 50 people impairs their ability to recognize a face. […] At least one in 50 people have prosopagnosia, which steals the ability to recognize or remember faces. […] Prosopagnosia a neurological anomaly can be developmental or acquired. […] Because of the importance of human face recognition, the brain network responsible takes up a large portion of the temporal lobe, including a critical area of the temporal lobe called the fusiform gyrus. […] While no cure exists for facial blindness, people experiencing problems should seek care, as behavioral and physical therapies can help with adapting to the condition. […] Experts suspect case numbers might be underreported due to lack of awareness. […] With acquired facial blindness, treating the underlying cause early can potentially change the course for patients, such as clot-busting drugs for strokes (which must be given within 4.5 hours of onset) or newly approved Alzheimers drugs that can slow brain degeneration, Pelak said.

• #43 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #44 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #45 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #46 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #47 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia) Study Used ‘Game of Thrones’ Footage and Brain Scans

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurology/game-of-thrones-study-offers-insights-into-brain-disorder/

  Researchers have been working to learn more about face blindness (prosopagnosia), a brain disorder affecting an estimated 2 percent of the population that makes it difficult for people to distinguish one face from another. […] A recent study on face blindness (prosopagnosia) used MRI equipment to observe brain activity of people watching Game of Thrones. […] People with face blindness showed less activity in regions of the brain associated with nonvisual knowledge as well as less connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions. […] Our research improves our understanding of how prosopagnosia appears to be linked to reduced neural connections, making it challenging to associate faces with personal knowledge, which is crucial for recognition, says senior author Tim Andrews, PhD, professor in the department of psychology at the University of York in England.

• #48 Study uses Game of Thrones to advance understanding of face blindness – News and events, University of York

  https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2024/research/game-of-thrones-face-blindness/

  In people with prosopagnosia, the effect of familiarity was not found in the same regions of the brain as it was in neurotypical participants. […] Their findings provide new insights into prosopagnosia or face blindness, a condition that impairs facial recognition and affects approximately 1 in 50 people. […] Consistent with their difficulty in recognising faces, the effect of familiarity was not found in the same regions of the brain found in neurotypical participants. The connections between the visual and non-visual regions were also reduced in face blindness. […] Our research enhances the understanding of how prosopagnosia appears to be linked to reduced neural connections, making it challenging to associate faces with personal knowledge, which is crucial for recognition.

• #49 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia) Study Used ‘Game of Thrones’ Footage and Brain Scans

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurology/game-of-thrones-study-offers-insights-into-brain-disorder/

  Researchers have been working to learn more about face blindness (prosopagnosia), a brain disorder affecting an estimated 2 percent of the population that makes it difficult for people to distinguish one face from another. […] A recent study on face blindness (prosopagnosia) used MRI equipment to observe brain activity of people watching Game of Thrones. […] People with face blindness showed less activity in regions of the brain associated with nonvisual knowledge as well as less connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions. […] Our research improves our understanding of how prosopagnosia appears to be linked to reduced neural connections, making it challenging to associate faces with personal knowledge, which is crucial for recognition, says senior author Tim Andrews, PhD, professor in the department of psychology at the University of York in England.

• #50 Face blindness: From autism to stroke and back – Boston Children’s Answers

  https://answers.childrenshospital.org/face-blindness/

  People with prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” have trouble recognizing faces — even those of close friends and family members. […] New research in the journal Brain, studying 44 people who became face-blind after a stroke, provides clues to what goes awry in the brain. […] Cohen searched the medical literature and identified 44 people from 19 studies who developed face blindness after a stroke and who also had brain MRI data available. […] Of the 44 lesions causing face blindness, only 29 actually involved the right FFA. […] In the stroke patients, all 44 lesion locations, including the 15 non-FFA lesions, were in areas that were functionally connected to the right FFA, meaning that these regions are typically used when the FFA is being used, and become quiet when the FFA is quiet.

• #51 Prosopagnosia: Causes and managementMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia is a neurological condition where a person is unable to recognize faces. It typically arises due to problems or damage in specific areas of the brain that process facial information. […] Also known as face blindness or facial agnosia, this condition results in the inability to recognize faces. […] While it is difficult to estimate the exact prevalence, a 2023 study suggests that roughly 1 in 33 people may meet the criteria for prosopagnosia. […] Developmental prosopagnosia refers to when a person is born with the condition, and acquired prosopagnosia is when a person develops it later in life due to damage to the brain. […] Research suggests those living with developmental prosopagnosia may have certain anatomical differences in areas of the brain responsible for processing faces.

• #52 What is the prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia? An empirical assessment of different diagnostic cutoffs

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10065901/

  The prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), lifelong face recognition deficits, is widely reported to be 22.5%. However, DP has been diagnosed in different ways across studies, resulting in differing prevalence rates. […] We found estimated prevalence rates ranged from 0.645.42% when using a z-score approach and 0.13 2.95% when using a percentile approach, with the most commonly used cutoffs by researchers having a prevalence rate of 0.93% (z-score, 0.45% when using percentiles). […] Together, these results suggest that researchers have used more conservative DP diagnostic cutoffs than the widely reported 22.5% prevalence. […] As these studies demonstrate, the prevalence of DP is dependent on the diagnostic criteria, and currently there is no widely accepted diagnostic criteria for DP.

• #53

  https://www.bibalex.org/sciplanet/Article/Details?id=17876

  Diagnosing prosopagnosia is difficult because there is no clear line between this condition and having a below-average ability to remember faces. […] To date, there is no treatment for prosopagnosia; however, if the reason for this condition is curable, whether medically or surgically, it would be a feasible solution.

• #54 How common is face blindness? | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230227132443.htm

  In the new study, led by Joseph DeGutis, HMS associate professor of psychiatry at VA Boston, the researchers found that face blindness lies on a spectrum — one that can range in severity and presentation — rather than representing a discrete group. […] The study results are based on a web-based questionnaire and tests administered to 3,341 individuals. […] The results showed that 31 individuals out of the 3,341 had major prosopagnosia, while 72 of the 3,341 had a milder form. […] Finally, the researchers compared face-matching scores among people with prosopagnosia diagnosed using different criteria and found that using stricter diagnostic cutoffs did not correspond with lower face-matching scores.

• #55 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  Face blindness perhaps, like one participant in a new study, you didnt know it was a thing. But prosopagnosia, to use its medical designation, is a real condition that affects someones ability to recognize faces, even those most familiar to them. […] Its not known precisely how many people have developmental prosopagnosia, but the prevalence is thought to be somewhere around 2-2.5 percent. […] In fact, the authors point out in their paper, In the UK, and much of the rest of the world, it is almost impossible to obtain a diagnosis of [developmental prosopagnosia] from a medical professional. […] The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke suggested it can be socially crippling. […] Only 34 percent of the participants had sought formal testing or diagnosis, and many believed that this would not be worthwhile.

• #56 Prosopagnosia Research at Bournemouth University – Home

  https://www.prosopagnosiaresearch.org/

  Prosopagnosia is a visuo-cognitive condition that is characterised by everyday difficulties in face recognition. These difficulties are severe, affecting the recognition of close friends and family. […] Prosopagnosia is recognised by the NHS (UK). However, it is mostly very difficult to get an assessment via NHS services. The vast majority of people approach researchers at a university, such as ourselves. […] There is currently no formal treatment for prosopagnosia. However, some researchers are developing intervention programmes, and by registering your interest in their research you may be able to take part in a study. […] In fact, our recent work has demonstrated inconsistencies in the performance of „super-recognisers”, and weaknesses in dominant diagnostic protocols.

• #57 Interrogating an ICD-coded electronic health records database to characterize the epidemiology of prosopagnosia | Journal of Clinical and Translational Science | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-clinical-and-translational-science/article/interrogating-an-icdcoded-electronic-health-records-database-to-characterize-the-epidemiology-of-prosopagnosia/36A1B96BD6D932922C73D35D7428603B

  Recognition of faces of family members, friends, and colleagues is an important skill essential for everyday life. Individuals affected by prosopagnosia (face blindness) have difficulty recognizing familiar individuals. The prevalence of prosopagnosia has been estimated to be as high as 3%. Prosopagnosia can severely impact the quality of life of those affected, and it has been suggested to co-occur with conditions such as depression and anxiety. […] We observed prosopagnosia diagnoses at a rate of 0.012% (12 per 100,000 individuals). We discovered elevated frequency of prosopagnosia diagnosis for individuals who carried certain comorbid conditions, such as personality disorder, depression, epilepsy, and anxiety. Moreover, prosopagnosia diagnoses increased with the number of comorbid conditions. […] Results from this study show a wide range of comorbidities and suggest that prosopagnosia is vastly underdiagnosed. Findings imply important clinical consequences for the diagnosis and management of prosopagnosia as well as its comorbid conditions.

• #58

  https://www.today.com/health/prosopagnosia-disorder-face-blindness-brad-pitt-rcna34790

  Prosopagnosia or „face blindness” is a rare disorder that makes it difficult recognize faces, including familiar ones or even your own. […] Prosopagnosia is not related to visual impairments, learning disabilities, intelligence, or memory loss. […] Prosopagnosia is thought to be caused by a problem with the fusiform gyrus, an area of the brain in the occipital and temporal lobes that’s important for face recognition. […] There are two types of prosopagnosia. Acquired prosopagnosia is the result of brain damage from something like a head injury, stroke or tumor. Developmental prosopagnosia is the lifelong version and the most common type. […] The main symptom of prosopagnosia is „a difficulty recognizing people in daily life people that you should know. […] Prosopagnosia is typically diagnosed by a neurologist through a combination of self-reporting and testing to measure facial recognition. […] There is no specific treatment for prosopagnosia. But there is ongoing research into the effectiveness of training programs and rehabilitative approaches to improve facial recognition. […] In the meantime, both experts urge people to be understanding and realize this is a real disorder.

• #59 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Face recognition is a highly complex cognitive process involving a dedicated network of brain regions. Prosopagnosia may present as degrees of impairment — some people are mildly affected, others might not recognize their own reflection. […] Duchaine created the Cambridge Face Memory Test, the newest and now most commonly used assessment. The best way to get a diagnosis, he says, “is to register with a lab that does research on prosopagnosia and participate in their studies. […] A handful of treatments are available for face blindness, some that target fixing the impairment, while others provide ways to work around it, says Joseph DeGutis, a collaborator at Faceblind.org and director of the Boston Attention and Learning Lab. […] Prosopagnosia sufferers deal with significant practical and social difficulties. Some are dismissed as “snobs” or unfriendly, and Gilbert says the condition means she sometimes struggles to understand deep emotion. […] Experts agree, however, that most prosopagnosics develop strategies to compensate.

• #60 What is the prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia? An empirical assessment of different diagnostic cutoffs

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10065901/

  Applying these diagnostic cutoffs from the previous studies to our web-based sample using a z-score cutoff approach, the calculated DP prevalence rates also varied considerably, ranging between 0.64% (95% CI: 0.39%0.99%) and 5.42% (95% CI: 4.65%6.28%). […] The most common method of taking two standard deviations below the mean on the CFMT and FFMT with subjective reporting resulted in the prevalence estimate of 0.93% (95% CI: 0.62%1.33%). […] We conclude with a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of adopting particular diagnostic cutoffs for DP.

• #61

  https://www.bbc.com/news/health-34709004

  Scientists have come up with a questionnaire they say should help diagnose a condition called face blindness. […] Prosopagnosia, as doctors call it, affects around two in every 100 people in the UK and is the inability to recognise people by their faces alone. […] Doctors can use computer-based tests to see if people can spot famous faces and memorise and recognise a set of unfamiliar faces. […] And now Drs Richard Cook, Punit Shah and City University London and Kings College London have come up with a 20-item questionnaire, external to help measure the severity of someone’s face blindness.

• #62 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  Prosopagnosia can be acquired or hereditary. Acquired cases can result from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses (Alzheimer disease, depression, and schizophrenia). Hereditary or development etiologies are a hot area of research, given that they are more common than acquired etiologies. The prevalence can approach 2.5% of the population. […] The mechanism of inheritance is not totally clear but thought to be autosomal dominant. […] The impairment affects social development. Difficulties include lack of fear of strangers, intense separation anxiety, behavioral issues, and refusal to perform tasks that required face recognition. […] Advanced imaging is a research tool that uses properties such as cortical thickness, functional activation, and connectivity to study the networks involved in different types of prosopagnosia. Studies using positron-emission tomography scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging show that facial recognition networks are located in multiple brain regions, including the anterior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, inferior and middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and most importantly, and the fusiform face area or occipitotemporal gyrus. Activation of the fusiform face area in the non-dominant hemisphere appears to be involved in processing, while activation in the dominant hemisphere is associated with analytic processing.

• #63 Prosopagnosia: You may not want to ignore your ‘facial blindness’ symptoms anymore – Times of India

  https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/prosopagnosia-you-may-not-want-to-ignore-your-facial-blindness-symptoms-anymore/articleshow/94227902.cms

  Prosopagnosia falls under a family of conditions, agnosias, which interfere with how your brain processes information from your senses. […] Prosopagnosia is a condition in which your brain is unable to recognise faces despite having normal vision. […] Prosopagnosia usually happens when the right fusiform gyrus area is affected, which is responsible for facial recognition, says Dr Pavan Pai, Consultant Interventional Neurologist and Stroke Specialist. […] Prosopagnosia is of two types: developmental (from birth) and acquired (from brain damage or underlying diseases). […] The potential causes of brain lesions (injuries) that cause acquired prosopagnosia include, but aren’t limited to Alzheimer’s disease, brain tumours, dementia, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), cerebral hypoxia (brain damage from lack of oxygen), infections, seizures and epilepsy, and stroke. […] Most patients tend to suffer from acquired prosopagnosia. […] Prosopagnosia is diagnosed clinically. […] If patients come with associated symptoms too, the doctors suggest an MRI or CT-Scan to assess the root cause.

• #64 What is prosopagnosia? Long COVID may cause face blindness: study

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2023/03/13/long-covid-may-cause-prosopagnosia-face-blindness/11387483002/

  The Dartmouth researchers, Brad Duchaine and Marie-luise Kieseler, surveyed 54 others with long COVID to see if they also reported changes in facial recognition. Many did. […] People with face blindness also develop compensatory skills. Axelbaum said she’s the one who always notices when people get a haircut or are missing an earring. […] To be diagnosed with prosopagnosia requires an hourslong battery of tests and a low score on at least two. The process requires ruling out bad vision or bad memory, DeGutis said, to be sure the problem really is a lack of recognition. […] Despite the lack of clear treatments, it remains helpful to get diagnosed, DeGutis said, because it provides insight into how poor someone is at face recognition whether they are at the lower end of normal or truly at a disadvantage.

• #65 What is prosopagnosia? Long COVID may cause face blindness: study

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2023/03/13/long-covid-may-cause-prosopagnosia-face-blindness/11387483002/

  The Dartmouth researchers, Brad Duchaine and Marie-luise Kieseler, surveyed 54 others with long COVID to see if they also reported changes in facial recognition. Many did. […] People with face blindness also develop compensatory skills. Axelbaum said she’s the one who always notices when people get a haircut or are missing an earring. […] To be diagnosed with prosopagnosia requires an hourslong battery of tests and a low score on at least two. The process requires ruling out bad vision or bad memory, DeGutis said, to be sure the problem really is a lack of recognition. […] Despite the lack of clear treatments, it remains helpful to get diagnosed, DeGutis said, because it provides insight into how poor someone is at face recognition whether they are at the lower end of normal or truly at a disadvantage.

• #66 Struggle to Recognize Faces? Face Blindness May Be More Common Than Scientists Assumed : ScienceAlert

  https://www.sciencealert.com/struggle-to-recognise-faces-face-blindness-may-be-more-common-than-scientists-assumed

  Expanded to a population level, that’s roughly 10 million Americans who may suffer from face blindness, millions of whom are currently left out of the picture. […] „First, the majority of researchers have used overly strict diagnostic criteria and many individuals with significant face-recognition problems in daily life have been wrongly told they do not have prosopagnosia.” […] This provides support for [developmental prosopagnosia] existing on a continuum rather than representing a discrete group. […] According to scientists at Harvard, those who are studying developmental face blindness should use two standardized disorder cut-offs from now on, one for major cases and one for mild cases.

• #67 Life with prosopagnosia: Face blindness affects more people than previously believed | PhillyVoice

  https://www.phillyvoice.com/face-blindness-prosopagnosia-cause-symptoms-treatment/

  He stressed that prosopagnosia is important to study because it can be socially debilitating and limit job opportunities. […] Diagnosing prosopagnosia generally involves undergoing a neurological exam, diagnostic imaging and sensory, memory and face recognition tests in which the patient is asked to identify pictures of famous people or specific facial expressions. […] „The majority of researchers have used overly strict diagnostic criteria and many individuals with significant face-recognition problems in daily life have been wrongly told they do not have prosopagnosia,” DeGutis told Harvard Medical News. „Expanding the diagnosis is important because knowing that you have real objective evidence of prosopagnosia, even a mild form, can help you take steps to reduce its negative impacts on daily life, such as telling consequential coworkers, or seeking treatment.”

• #68 What is Prosopagnosia, Also Known as Face Blindness?

  https://www.brainandlife.org/articles/a-quirk-of-the-brain-called-prosopagnosia-makes-it-hard

  A quirk of the brain called prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, makes it hard for people to recognize faces. […] Face blindness, officially called prosopagnosia, is a neurologic disorder in which a person’s ability to recognize and identify faces, sometimes even his or her own, is impaired and not because of poor eyesight or absentmindedness, says Brad Duchaine, PhD, professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. […] It is estimated that 2 percent of the population has prosopagnosia to some degree, according to a study by Dr. Duchaine that was published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology in 2013. […] Not until the past few decades have scientists realized how many people have problems recognizing faces, says Dr. Duchaine. […] Cases of acquired prosopagnosia are aiding scientists in pinpointing the regions of the brain crucial to perceiving and identifying faces, says Steven Galetta, MD, FAAN, professor and chair of neurology at NYU Langone Medical Center, who has treated such patients. […] Dr. Duchaine maintains a website called faceblind.org that provides a five-minute face-recognition test and allows people to indicate whether they’d like to be contacted to participate in research.

• #69 Prosopagnosia Research at Bournemouth University – Face Blindness Overview

  https://www.prosopagnosiaresearch.org/face-blindness/overview

  Prosopagnosia (also known as 'face blindness’) refers to a severe deficit in recognizing familiar people from their face. […] In recent years, a flurry of media attention has raised awareness of the disorder, and thousands of people who believe they have prosopagnosia have approached researchers throughout the world. […] One study conducted in Germany surveyed the face recognition abilities of a large group of students, and reported a prevalence rate of 2-2.5%. […] If this figure is correct, there may be 1.5 million people with developmental prosopagnosia in the UK alone. […] However, until a biological marker for the condition is discovered the precise prevalence rate cannot be confirmed.

• #70 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200712/Face-blindness-may-arise-from-deficits-beyond-visual-perception.aspx

  The disorder, which, according to some estimates, affects more than 2 percent of the population, can lead to isolation and anxiety and impair personal and work relationships. […] Now a new study led by researchers at Harvard Medical School and the VA Boston Healthcare System shows that face blindness may arise from deficits beyond visual perception and appears to involve glitches in retrieving various contextual cues from memory. […] The findings can help inform the design of techniques to boost face recognition in people with developmental prosopagnosia–a form of face blindness that is not caused by brain injury, poor vision or neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. […] „Our results underscore that prosopagnosia is a far more complex disorder that is driven by more than deficits in visual perception,” said study first author Anna Stumps, a researcher in the Boston Attention Learning Laboratory at VA Boston. […] „Our findings suggest that people with developmental prosopagnosia use a different memory system when trying to learn and remember faces and that system is less optimally suited for the task of recognizing faces,” DeGutis said.

• #71 Prosopagnosia

  https://www.brainfacts.org/diseases-and-disorders/neurological-disorders-az/diseases-a-to-z-from-ninds/prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize faces. Prosopagnosia is also known as face blindness or facial agnosia. Prosopagnosia can result from stroke, traumatic brain injury, or certain neurodegenerative diseases. Congenital prosopagnosia appears to run in families, which makes it likely to be the result of a genetic mutation or deletion. Greater awareness of autism, and the autism spectrum disorders, which involve communication impairments such as prosopagnosia, is likely to make the disorder less overlooked in the future. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research related to prosopagnosia in its laboratories at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and also supports additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. […] Much of this research focuses on finding better ways to prevent, treat, and ultimately cure disorders, such as prosopagnosia.

• #72 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Face recognition is a highly complex cognitive process involving a dedicated network of brain regions. Prosopagnosia may present as degrees of impairment — some people are mildly affected, others might not recognize their own reflection. […] Duchaine created the Cambridge Face Memory Test, the newest and now most commonly used assessment. The best way to get a diagnosis, he says, “is to register with a lab that does research on prosopagnosia and participate in their studies. […] A handful of treatments are available for face blindness, some that target fixing the impairment, while others provide ways to work around it, says Joseph DeGutis, a collaborator at Faceblind.org and director of the Boston Attention and Learning Lab. […] Prosopagnosia sufferers deal with significant practical and social difficulties. Some are dismissed as “snobs” or unfriendly, and Gilbert says the condition means she sometimes struggles to understand deep emotion. […] Experts agree, however, that most prosopagnosics develop strategies to compensate.

• #73 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia)

  https://www.testmybrain.org/face-blindness/face-blindness.html

  If you have followed our work over the years here at TestMyBrain.org and at FaceBlind.org, you’ll know that we’ve worked with a lot of folks who suffer from severe difficulties recognizing faces: a condition known as prosopagnosia or face blindness. […] Face recognition tests like this one can sometimes help identify a face recognition problem. However, please note that some people with face blindness still score well on these sorts of tests! We are only beginning to understand the differences in visual perception and memory that might contribute to face blindness, and there are likely many types of face recognition problems that our tests simply don’t tap into.

• #74 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  When Brad Pitt told an interviewer this year that he suffered from face blindness, the actor shared the loneliness of the condition: “Nobody believes me,” he said. But if you were in a room of 50 people, chances are that one of them might suffer from this rarely discussed condition. Not just Pitt but also primatologist Jane Goodall, and even the late neurologist and author Oliver Sacks. […] “Prosopagnosia,” from the Greek prosōpon “face” + agnōsia “ignorance” — or “face blindness” — is “a very specific neurological symptom … [in which] a person loses the ability to recognize people’s faces but retains the ability to recognize that person by the sound of their voice” or other means, says Karen Postal, a clinical instructor in neuropsychology at Harvard Medical School. […] Studies suggest up to 2.5 percent of the population has “developmental prosopagnosia” — that is, they’ve had it since birth, Postal says. Acquired prosopagnosia is rarer and “can arise in a variety of neurological conditions, including stroke, tumor, and degenerative dementia.”

• #75 What Is Prosopagnosia, Brad Pitt’s Face Blindness Condition? – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/06/well/mind/prosopagnosia-face-blindness.html

  The actor Brad Pitt said in a recent interview that he has prosopagnosia, a rare neurological disorder commonly referred to as face blindness. […] Research suggests that congenital, or lifelong, prosopagnosia is less common, although estimates show that as many as one in every 50 people may struggle with some lifelong form of the condition, and scientists theorize that it may run in families. […] People who acquire prosopagnosia later in life, by contrast, may have lesions in the brain as a result of a head injury or trauma. […] There is no treatment for the condition, Dr. Bonakdarpour said, but there are ways to manage it. […] Neurologists typically diagnose prosopagnosia through a series of tests to assess a person’s ability to remember and recognize faces.

• #76 Face-Blind | The New Yorker

  https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/08/30/face-blind

  Increasingly, prosopagnosia is also the subject of books, Web sites, and support groups, where people with face blindness or topographical agnosia are able to share experiences and, no less important, strategies for recognizing faces and places when the usual automatic mechanisms have been compromised.

• #77 Prosopagnosia Research at Bournemouth University – Face Blindness Overview

  https://www.prosopagnosiaresearch.org/face-blindness/overview

  Prosopagnosia (also known as 'face blindness’) refers to a severe deficit in recognizing familiar people from their face. […] In recent years, a flurry of media attention has raised awareness of the disorder, and thousands of people who believe they have prosopagnosia have approached researchers throughout the world. […] One study conducted in Germany surveyed the face recognition abilities of a large group of students, and reported a prevalence rate of 2-2.5%. […] If this figure is correct, there may be 1.5 million people with developmental prosopagnosia in the UK alone. […] However, until a biological marker for the condition is discovered the precise prevalence rate cannot be confirmed.

• #78 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  As well as describing their experiences, participants were asked what areas they would prioritise for future study. Key themes that emerged included improving awareness in the general public and increasing access to diagnosis. […] One possible recommendation the authors put forward is for prosopagnosia itself to be recognized as a form of neurodivergence. […] Its clear that the experience of living with prosopagnosia differs massively between people, and that we still have a lot to learn about this condition.

• #79 Even mild face blindness can cause serious difficulties in daily life – new study

  https://theconversation.com/even-mild-face-blindness-can-cause-serious-difficulties-in-daily-life-new-study-254644

  A widespread worry among people with face blindness was being misjudged as rude, uncaring, or even a bit dim by others who didnt understand the condition. […] Prosopagnosics were asked what they thought future research into face blindness should focus on. Their top priority was improved awareness and understanding that this condition exists and how it affects people. […] My colleagues and I believe that developmental prosopagnosia should be considered a type of neurodivergence.

• #80 Prosopagnosia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559324/

  At this time, there is no evidence-based study that guides the creation of an interdisciplinary team for prosopagnosia. However, a neurologist, neuropsychologist, social worker, mental health counselor, psychiatrist, and geneticist should be consulted to provide the best care and quality of life for a patient with familial and acquired prosopagnosia.

• #81 Prosopagnosia – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, refers to the neuro-ophthalmic disorder in which a patient has difficulty perceiving or recognizing faces. […] Prosopagnosia can have multiple causes; because this is a disorder of visual processing. Lesions can be further localized to inferior occipital region, fusiform gyrus, and temporal cortex. […] The diagnosis of prosopagnosia is made clinically. […] Currently there are no effective treatments for prosopagnosia.

• #82 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): Tests, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_a_person_with_face_blindness_see/article.htm

  Face blindness (prosopagnosia) People with face blindness have difficulty recognizing the faces of people. […] Prosopagnosia may be seen in children with autistic spectrum disorders or after a stroke in adults. […] Researchers believe face blindness may be caused by abnormalities or damage to a fold in the brain called the right fusiform gyrus, which plays an important role in the coordination of the neural systems that are responsible for facial memory and perception. […] Prosopagnosia can occur following a stroke, trauma to the brain, or neurodegenerative diseases. […] Some people may be born with face blindness (congenital disorder) as it can run in families. […] The diagnosis of face blindness disease is mainly clinical. […] Face blindness cannot be cured with our current knowledge of the condition.

• #83 What Is Prosopagnosia? An Odd Condition That Can Steal Your Face

  https://news.cuanschutz.edu/news-stories/what-is-prosopagnosia-an-odd-condition-that-can-steal-your-face

  A potentially isolating condition affecting at least one in 50 people impairs their ability to recognize a face. […] At least one in 50 people have prosopagnosia, which steals the ability to recognize or remember faces. […] Prosopagnosia a neurological anomaly can be developmental or acquired. […] Because of the importance of human face recognition, the brain network responsible takes up a large portion of the temporal lobe, including a critical area of the temporal lobe called the fusiform gyrus. […] While no cure exists for facial blindness, people experiencing problems should seek care, as behavioral and physical therapies can help with adapting to the condition. […] Experts suspect case numbers might be underreported due to lack of awareness. […] With acquired facial blindness, treating the underlying cause early can potentially change the course for patients, such as clot-busting drugs for strokes (which must be given within 4.5 hours of onset) or newly approved Alzheimers drugs that can slow brain degeneration, Pelak said.

• #84 Face Blindness May Affect More than 3% of People, Study Finds

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/face-blindness-may-affect-more-than-3-of-people-study-finds/

  DeGutis said that the facial recall challenges can be caused by a brain injury to occipital or temporal regions, referred to as acquired prosopagnosia, or it can be the result of a lifelong condition related to genetic or developmental abnormalities, referred to as developmental prosopagnosia. […] face blindness can be a socially debilitating disorder that can limit employment opportunities. For example, networking is extremely difficult for people with prosopagnosia and can cause social distress and embarrassment. […] The goal of this research is to provide a solid framework to understand the processes behind prosopagnosia and uncover clues on how to improve face recognition in people with face blindness, DeGutis said. Recent evidence suggests that people with milder forms of face blindness may benefit from treatments that include cognitive training to enhance perceptual abilities or coaching aimed directly at improving face associations.

• #85

  https://www.today.com/health/prosopagnosia-disorder-face-blindness-brad-pitt-rcna34790

  Prosopagnosia or „face blindness” is a rare disorder that makes it difficult recognize faces, including familiar ones or even your own. […] Prosopagnosia is not related to visual impairments, learning disabilities, intelligence, or memory loss. […] Prosopagnosia is thought to be caused by a problem with the fusiform gyrus, an area of the brain in the occipital and temporal lobes that’s important for face recognition. […] There are two types of prosopagnosia. Acquired prosopagnosia is the result of brain damage from something like a head injury, stroke or tumor. Developmental prosopagnosia is the lifelong version and the most common type. […] The main symptom of prosopagnosia is „a difficulty recognizing people in daily life people that you should know. […] Prosopagnosia is typically diagnosed by a neurologist through a combination of self-reporting and testing to measure facial recognition. […] There is no specific treatment for prosopagnosia. But there is ongoing research into the effectiveness of training programs and rehabilitative approaches to improve facial recognition. […] In the meantime, both experts urge people to be understanding and realize this is a real disorder.

• #86

  https://www.bibalex.org/sciplanet/Article/Details?id=17876

  It is a neurological disorder that causes a person to not recognize or distinguish faces. This condition is not related to memory loss, vision impairment, or learning disabilities. With a prevalence of 2.5%, prosopagnosia can happen in two different ways, either as an acquired condition or as a congenital problem. Acquired prosopagnosia results from a stroke in the brain, a traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s, dementia, or another neurodegenerative disease. Congenital prosopagnosia refers to a disorder where a child is born with it due to the inheritance of some genes or the occurrence of a genetic mutation. […] Patients experience adverse effects, including social isolation, depression, difficulties in building personal connections and in professional life, avoiding social events and meeting new people, and refusing to greet individuals by their names.

• #87 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is a condition where you have difficulty recognising people’s faces. […] The main symptom of prosopagnosia is having difficulty recognising faces. […] It affects people differently. […] Difficulty recognising faces may make it harder to form relationships, or cause problems at work or school. […] This may affect your mental health and may lead to social anxiety or depression. […] Prosopagnosia is caused by a problem with the part of the brain that processes information about faces. […] It can happen: if you do not develop the ability to recognise faces – this is the most common type and may run in families, from brain damage, such as following a stroke, head injury, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), or Alzheimer’s disease, if you’re autistic.

• #88 The Hidden Social Struggles of Face Blindness — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/7/20/the-hidden-social-struggles-of-face-blindness

  Causes for prosopagnosia can be related to genetic variants, stroke, traumatic brain injury, tumors or some neurodegenerative diseases. Prosopagnosia can often be found in individuals with autism (ASD) and Aspergers Syndrome due to similar cognitive-emotional processes being affected. […] Davis et al. (2010) found that social anxiety (fears related to social rejection and social impressions) can stem from not only an inability to recognize facial expressions, but also from that of facial identity. With impaired facial identification, those with prosopagnosia experience high social stress and anxiety in situations that critically involve communication, such as with family, at work and in public settings. […] Having face blindness may also lead to avoidance of socially-engaging situations as a coping mechanism, which can even be considered a phobia in extreme cases.

• #89 Face Blindness May Affect More than 3% of People, Study Finds

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/face-blindness-may-affect-more-than-3-of-people-study-finds/

  DeGutis said that the facial recall challenges can be caused by a brain injury to occipital or temporal regions, referred to as acquired prosopagnosia, or it can be the result of a lifelong condition related to genetic or developmental abnormalities, referred to as developmental prosopagnosia. […] face blindness can be a socially debilitating disorder that can limit employment opportunities. For example, networking is extremely difficult for people with prosopagnosia and can cause social distress and embarrassment. […] The goal of this research is to provide a solid framework to understand the processes behind prosopagnosia and uncover clues on how to improve face recognition in people with face blindness, DeGutis said. Recent evidence suggests that people with milder forms of face blindness may benefit from treatments that include cognitive training to enhance perceptual abilities or coaching aimed directly at improving face associations.

• #90 Life with prosopagnosia: Face blindness affects more people than previously believed | PhillyVoice

  https://www.phillyvoice.com/face-blindness-prosopagnosia-cause-symptoms-treatment/

  He stressed that prosopagnosia is important to study because it can be socially debilitating and limit job opportunities. […] Diagnosing prosopagnosia generally involves undergoing a neurological exam, diagnostic imaging and sensory, memory and face recognition tests in which the patient is asked to identify pictures of famous people or specific facial expressions. […] „The majority of researchers have used overly strict diagnostic criteria and many individuals with significant face-recognition problems in daily life have been wrongly told they do not have prosopagnosia,” DeGutis told Harvard Medical News. „Expanding the diagnosis is important because knowing that you have real objective evidence of prosopagnosia, even a mild form, can help you take steps to reduce its negative impacts on daily life, such as telling consequential coworkers, or seeking treatment.”

• #91 Even mild face blindness can cause serious difficulties in daily life – new study

  https://theconversation.com/even-mild-face-blindness-can-cause-serious-difficulties-in-daily-life-new-study-254644

  A widespread worry among people with face blindness was being misjudged as rude, uncaring, or even a bit dim by others who didnt understand the condition. […] Prosopagnosics were asked what they thought future research into face blindness should focus on. Their top priority was improved awareness and understanding that this condition exists and how it affects people. […] My colleagues and I believe that developmental prosopagnosia should be considered a type of neurodivergence.

• #92

  https://www.bibalex.org/sciplanet/Article/Details?id=17876

  It is a neurological disorder that causes a person to not recognize or distinguish faces. This condition is not related to memory loss, vision impairment, or learning disabilities. With a prevalence of 2.5%, prosopagnosia can happen in two different ways, either as an acquired condition or as a congenital problem. Acquired prosopagnosia results from a stroke in the brain, a traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s, dementia, or another neurodegenerative disease. Congenital prosopagnosia refers to a disorder where a child is born with it due to the inheritance of some genes or the occurrence of a genetic mutation. […] Patients experience adverse effects, including social isolation, depression, difficulties in building personal connections and in professional life, avoiding social events and meeting new people, and refusing to greet individuals by their names.

• #93 What is prosopagnosia? Long COVID may cause face blindness: study

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2023/03/13/long-covid-may-cause-prosopagnosia-face-blindness/11387483002/

  The Dartmouth researchers, Brad Duchaine and Marie-luise Kieseler, surveyed 54 others with long COVID to see if they also reported changes in facial recognition. Many did. […] People with face blindness also develop compensatory skills. Axelbaum said she’s the one who always notices when people get a haircut or are missing an earring. […] To be diagnosed with prosopagnosia requires an hourslong battery of tests and a low score on at least two. The process requires ruling out bad vision or bad memory, DeGutis said, to be sure the problem really is a lack of recognition. […] Despite the lack of clear treatments, it remains helpful to get diagnosed, DeGutis said, because it provides insight into how poor someone is at face recognition whether they are at the lower end of normal or truly at a disadvantage.

• #94 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Face recognition is a highly complex cognitive process involving a dedicated network of brain regions. Prosopagnosia may present as degrees of impairment — some people are mildly affected, others might not recognize their own reflection. […] Duchaine created the Cambridge Face Memory Test, the newest and now most commonly used assessment. The best way to get a diagnosis, he says, “is to register with a lab that does research on prosopagnosia and participate in their studies. […] A handful of treatments are available for face blindness, some that target fixing the impairment, while others provide ways to work around it, says Joseph DeGutis, a collaborator at Faceblind.org and director of the Boston Attention and Learning Lab. […] Prosopagnosia sufferers deal with significant practical and social difficulties. Some are dismissed as “snobs” or unfriendly, and Gilbert says the condition means she sometimes struggles to understand deep emotion. […] Experts agree, however, that most prosopagnosics develop strategies to compensate.

• #95 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  As well as describing their experiences, participants were asked what areas they would prioritise for future study. Key themes that emerged included improving awareness in the general public and increasing access to diagnosis. […] One possible recommendation the authors put forward is for prosopagnosia itself to be recognized as a form of neurodivergence. […] Its clear that the experience of living with prosopagnosia differs massively between people, and that we still have a lot to learn about this condition.

• #96 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  As well as describing their experiences, participants were asked what areas they would prioritise for future study. Key themes that emerged included improving awareness in the general public and increasing access to diagnosis. […] One possible recommendation the authors put forward is for prosopagnosia itself to be recognized as a form of neurodivergence. […] Its clear that the experience of living with prosopagnosia differs massively between people, and that we still have a lot to learn about this condition.

• #97 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  As well as describing their experiences, participants were asked what areas they would prioritise for future study. Key themes that emerged included improving awareness in the general public and increasing access to diagnosis. […] One possible recommendation the authors put forward is for prosopagnosia itself to be recognized as a form of neurodivergence. […] Its clear that the experience of living with prosopagnosia differs massively between people, and that we still have a lot to learn about this condition.

• #98 Even mild face blindness can cause serious difficulties in daily life – new study

  https://theconversation.com/even-mild-face-blindness-can-cause-serious-difficulties-in-daily-life-new-study-254644

  A widespread worry among people with face blindness was being misjudged as rude, uncaring, or even a bit dim by others who didnt understand the condition. […] Prosopagnosics were asked what they thought future research into face blindness should focus on. Their top priority was improved awareness and understanding that this condition exists and how it affects people. […] My colleagues and I believe that developmental prosopagnosia should be considered a type of neurodivergence.

• #99 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a condition in which individuals are unable to easily and accurately recognize others by their faces. […] DP is more prevalent in the general population, affecting approximately 2–2.5% of adults and 1.2–4% of children. […] The lack of a widely accepted treatment for children with prosopagnosia emphasizes the need for further research to improve intervention strategies. […] Given the significant impact of prosopagnosia on children’s social interactions and overall well-being, it is imperative to explore effective intervention methods to mitigate the challenges associated with this condition.

• #100 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  The study of prosopagnosia, particularly in the context of children, remains an area that calls for further research and exploration. […] The inability to recognize and remember faces can result in significant impairments in social skills, causing patients to experience anxiety and depression. […] Despite showing some promise, the effectiveness of these interventions for children with prosopagnosia remains limited, and their applicability and efficacy are subject to various constraints. […] This paper presents a summary and comparison of potential interventions for children with prosopagnosia, which include compensatory strategies and remedial strategies. […] Future research should continue to investigate and refine these remedial strategies to optimize their effectiveness and applicability.

• #101 Understanding Prosopagnosia – Faceblind

  https://www.faceblind.org/research/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is an impairment in the recognition of facial identity. Several estimates suggest 1 in 50 people are prosopagnosic. […] Prior to the 21st century, almost all cases of prosopagnosia that were documented resulted from brain damage, usually due to head trauma, stroke, or degenerative disease. Cases due to brain damage are called acquired prosopagnosia: these individuals had normal face recognition abilities that were then impaired. […] Many people with developmental prosopagnosia report family members with face processing deficits, and several families with multiple developmental prosopagnosics have been documented. A genetic contribution to many cases of developmental prosopagnosia fits with results from twin studies in the normal population that indicate that differences in face recognition ability are primarily due to genetic differences. […] Currently, we have a limited understanding of prosopagnosia, and so there are many research questions that need to be answered.

• #102 Prosopagnosia: The Case of Face Blindness – Imperial Bioscience Review

  https://imperialbiosciencereview.wordpress.com/2020/11/06/prosopagnosia-the-case-of-face-blindness/

  Unseen debilitating disorders such as prosopagnosia deserve to be recognised and researched as uncovering the links in facial recognition could lead to a greater understanding of other neural networks and a better quality of life for affected individuals. Further exploration and research are needed to further understand this disorder and uncover possible standardised, reliable diagnostic measures as well as forms of therapy or treatment.

• #103 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia) Study Used ‘Game of Thrones’ Footage and Brain Scans

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurology/game-of-thrones-study-offers-insights-into-brain-disorder/

  The findings also suggest that people with face blindness have difficulty reading social situations because they are unable to use nonvisual information about people, he says. […] Face blindness can be a very difficult and isolating disorder, says Christopher Filley, MD, professor of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Anschutz, Colorado, who was not involved in the study. […] People can be born with prosopagnosia (congenital prosopagnosia) due to issues in the initial wiring of the brain’s facial perception network or it can be acquired as the result of damage caused by a brain tumor, stroke, head trauma or Alzheimer’s disease. […] There is no cure for facial blindness. Currently, people experiencing problems should talk to a healthcare provider to find behavioral and physical therapies to help cope and compensate for the condition. […] But since most previous attempts to improve face recognition in prosopagnosia have focused on the visual properties of the face, these new findings could potentially become the basis for different kinds of interventions, he says.

• #104 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200712/Face-blindness-may-arise-from-deficits-beyond-visual-perception.aspx

  The disorder, which, according to some estimates, affects more than 2 percent of the population, can lead to isolation and anxiety and impair personal and work relationships. […] Now a new study led by researchers at Harvard Medical School and the VA Boston Healthcare System shows that face blindness may arise from deficits beyond visual perception and appears to involve glitches in retrieving various contextual cues from memory. […] The findings can help inform the design of techniques to boost face recognition in people with developmental prosopagnosia–a form of face blindness that is not caused by brain injury, poor vision or neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. […] „Our results underscore that prosopagnosia is a far more complex disorder that is driven by more than deficits in visual perception,” said study first author Anna Stumps, a researcher in the Boston Attention Learning Laboratory at VA Boston. […] „Our findings suggest that people with developmental prosopagnosia use a different memory system when trying to learn and remember faces and that system is less optimally suited for the task of recognizing faces,” DeGutis said.

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