Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness) Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/prosopagnosia-2860990

  Think of the faces of those that mean the most to you—your parents, siblings, friends, a significant other, your children. Now imagine waking up one day and not being able to recognize any of them. What sounds like the plot of a science fiction novel is an actual medical condition known as prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize or distinguish faces. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, may come with difficulties recognizing other things like facial cues and places. In addition to being unable to identify family members and close friends, Some people with prosopagnosia may even find it difficult to recognize their own face. […] Although previously thought to be relatively rare, recent research suggests that around 2% percent of the general public may have some level of prosopagnosia.

• #2 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia): Test, Symptoms, and CausesHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/face-blindness

  Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a rare brain disorder characterized by the inability to recognize or differentiate faces. […] If you’re having trouble recognizing faces, your primary care physician will refer you to a neurologist. […] The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) and Warrington Recognition Memory of Faces (RMF) are two tests that physicians may use to evaluate potential face blindness. […] There is no cure for face blindness. Treatment focuses on helping people with the condition find coping mechanisms to better identify individuals. […] Face blindness can impact someone’s ability to establish personal and professional relationships. This can lead to social anxiety or depression. Learning how to identify people in ways that don’t rely on being able to recognize their face outright can help.

• #3 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] There are few neuropsychological assessments that can definitively diagnose prosopagnosia. One commonly used test is the famous faces tests, where individuals are asked to recognize the faces of famous persons. However, this test is difficult to standardize. The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is another test used by neuropsychologists to assess face recognition skills. […] The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) was developed by Duchaine and Nakayama to better diagnose people with prosopagnosia. This test initially presents individuals with three images each of six different target faces. […] The 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) is a freely available and validated self-report questionnaire that can be used alongside computer-based face recognition tests to help identify individuals with prosopagnosia.

• #4 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness) Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/prosopagnosia-2860990

  Think of the faces of those that mean the most to you—your parents, siblings, friends, a significant other, your children. Now imagine waking up one day and not being able to recognize any of them. What sounds like the plot of a science fiction novel is an actual medical condition known as prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize or distinguish faces. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, may come with difficulties recognizing other things like facial cues and places. In addition to being unable to identify family members and close friends, Some people with prosopagnosia may even find it difficult to recognize their own face. […] Although previously thought to be relatively rare, recent research suggests that around 2% percent of the general public may have some level of prosopagnosia.

• #5 What is Prosopagnosia, Also Known as Face Blindness?

  https://www.brainandlife.org/articles/a-quirk-of-the-brain-called-prosopagnosia-makes-it-hard

  A quirk of the brain called prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, makes it hard for people to recognize faces. […] Face blindness, officially called prosopagnosia, is a neurologic disorder in which a person’s ability to recognize and identify faces, sometimes even his or her own, is impaired and not because of poor eyesight or absentmindedness, says Brad Duchaine, PhD, professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. […] It is estimated that 2 percent of the population has prosopagnosia to some degree, according to a study by Dr. Duchaine that was published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology in 2013. […] New technologies have helped diagnose them, including brain imaging techniques such as MRI and functional MRI that show areas of the brain lit up during a given function.

• #6 Face Blindness May Affect More than 3% of People, Study Finds

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/face-blindness-may-affect-more-than-3-of-people-study-finds/

  Clinical Relevance: There is a need for expanded diagnosis and treatment of prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces. […] Prosopagnosia affects about 10 million Americans and can be caused by brain injury or developmental abnormalities. […] Published in the journal Cortex, the study estimated that more than three percent of people, or about 10 million Americans, meet the definition for face blindness, known clinically as prosopagnosia. […] Expanding the diagnosis is important because knowing that you have real objective evidence of prosopagnosia, even a mild form, can help you take steps to reduce its negative impacts on daily life, such as telling consequential coworkers, or seeking treatment, lead author Joseph DeGutis, associate professor of psychiatry at VA Boston, said in an interview with Harvard Medical News.

• #7 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness) Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/prosopagnosia-2860990

  There are two types of prosopagnosia: congenital prosopagnosia and acquired prosopagnosia. […] Acquired prosopagnosia may occur after brain damage from a head injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. […] Individuals with this type of prosopagnosia were previously able to recognize faces. Research suggests they are unlikely to gain back this ability, though they may learn to compensate. […] The neurological basis for prosopagnosia is not well understood. […] There are no cures for prosopagnosia. Those with prosopagnosia must learn other ways of remembering faces. Clues such as hair, voice, and clothes may help identify people. Rehabilitation therapies may help with coping and working around the deficits. […] Researchers are currently working on ways to help individuals with prosopagnosia improve their face recognition.

• #8 How Do I Know if I Have Face Blindness? Signs & Symptoms, Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_do_i_know_if_i_have_face_blindness/article.htm

  Thus, the causes of face blindness can be broadly divided into two categories: Developmental face blindness (prosopagnosia): This type of prosopagnosia is a congenital condition (i.e., present at birth). […] Acquired face blindness (prosopagnosia): As the name suggests, acquired prosopagnosia results from (is acquired as a result of) certain conditions after the person is born. […] Although face blindness causes difficulty recognizing and remembering faces, it is not associated with memory impairment or intellectual deficits. […] Currently, there is no specific cure or treatment for face blindness. […] The affected person, however, can learn ways to cope with the disease with the help of doctors or therapists. […] Appropriate and timely help from a qualified psychiatrist must be obtained to cope with these problems. […] A pediatric psychologist may help build the child’s confidence and allay any anxiety due to the condition.

• #9 Hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA): the first report outside the Caucasian population | Journal of Human Genetics

  https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg200730

  Prosopagnosia (PA) or face blindness is characterized by a deficiency in identifying familiar faces. […] Until 2001, the inborn form in the absence of any brain lesions was described in fewer than 20 probands exclusively of Caucasian origin. […] We could further show that the inborn form in the absence of any traumatic event is very common, with a minimal prevalence of 2.5%. […] We could show in all 38 German families studied that the segregation pattern of congenital prosopagnosia is fully compatible with an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. […] The diagnosis itself is based on qualitative differences. […] The diagnostic approach to hereditary prosopagnosics consisted of: (1) anamnestic data excluding any event of brain lesion or neurological or psychiatric disorders, (2) a semi-structured interview concentrating on cognitive features and (3) detailed data about the family history concentrating on recurrent PA.

• #10 Tests for 'face-blindness’ reveal disorder may not be so rare | EurekAlert!

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/750664

  Researchers at Harvard University and University College London have developed diagnostic tests for prosopagnosia, a socially disabling inability to recognize or distinguish faces. […] Testing of 1,600 individuals found that 2 percent of the general public may have face-blindness and a German group has recently made a similar estimate. […] Prosopagnosics who take these tests fail to recognize repetition among the faces in the series, even as they readily identify repeated pictures of other objects. […] The neurological basis of the disorder remains poorly understood, although research has confirmed that the brain processes faces differently than other kinds of objects. […] There are two broad categories of prosopagnosia. Most documented cases have been of acquired prosopagnosia, due to brain damage suffered after maturity from head trauma, stroke, and degenerative diseases. The other type is called developmental prosopagnosia. […] Individuals who’ve been face-blind since childhood often do not realize that they are unable to recognize faces as well as others; they have never recognized faces normally so their impairment is not apparent to them.

• #11 Could YOU be Face Blind and not even know it? 

  https://neurodivergentrebel.substack.com/p/facing-the-truth-discovering-prosopagnosia

  I’m Face Blind. However, I did not understand this part of myself for the first thirty-six years of my life. […] Face Blindness, also known as Prosopagnosia, is a condition that can cause a person to have difficulty with recognizing and remembering faces. […] Face Blindness is NOT a problem with someone’s eyes or vision. […] Like other NeuroDivergent brain differences, Face Blindness is an experience of the mind (making it difficult or impossible to process, interpret, and store facial information the way people without face blindness do). […] While many people who are Face Blind are this way from childhood (I was), Face Blindness can also be acquired through brain injury or other neurological life events. […] With Acquired Face Blindness, people suddenly find themselves unable to identify people around them.

• #12 Acquired Prosopagnosia – Face Blind UK

  http://faceblind.org.uk/information/acquired/

  Acquired Prosopagnosia (AP) describes a difficulty in recognising faces following a brain injury or damage to the brain following a stroke or encephalitis. […] If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist and receive a medical diagnosis. […] While you may be able to get a formal medical diagnosis, people with acquired prosopagnosia often find that the impact of face blindness may not be recognised and there is little offered in the way of support or therapy from the health services. […] There are also self-diagnostic tests and you may wish to sign up as a participant to on of the university research programmes looking into prosopagnosia.

• #13 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38419734/

  Loss of facial recognition or prosopagnosia has been well-recognized for over a century. […] Prosopagnosia has been linked to involvement of the fusiform gyri, mainly in the right hemisphere. […] We aim to assess demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics and neurological and neuropathological disorders associated with a diagnosis of prosopagnosia in a large cohort. […] Patients were categorized as developmental versus acquired; those with acquired prosopagnosia were further subdivided into degenerative versus non-degenerative, based on neurological aetiology. […] The most common degenerative diagnoses were posterior cortical atrophy, primary prosopagnosia syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease dementia and semantic dementia, with each diagnosis accounting for 10% of this group. […] The most common non-degenerative diagnoses were infarcts (ischaemic and haemorrhagic), epilepsy-related and primary brain tumours, each accounting for 10%.

• #14 Acquired Prosopagnosia – Face Blind UK

  http://faceblind.org.uk/information/acquired/

  Acquired Prosopagnosia (AP) describes a difficulty in recognising faces following a brain injury or damage to the brain following a stroke or encephalitis. […] If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist and receive a medical diagnosis. […] While you may be able to get a formal medical diagnosis, people with acquired prosopagnosia often find that the impact of face blindness may not be recognised and there is little offered in the way of support or therapy from the health services. […] There are also self-diagnostic tests and you may wish to sign up as a participant to on of the university research programmes looking into prosopagnosia.

• #15 Acquired Prosopagnosia – Face Blind UK

  http://faceblind.org.uk/information/acquired/

  Acquired Prosopagnosia (AP) describes a difficulty in recognising faces following a brain injury or damage to the brain following a stroke or encephalitis. […] If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist and receive a medical diagnosis. […] While you may be able to get a formal medical diagnosis, people with acquired prosopagnosia often find that the impact of face blindness may not be recognised and there is little offered in the way of support or therapy from the health services. […] There are also self-diagnostic tests and you may wish to sign up as a participant to on of the university research programmes looking into prosopagnosia.

• #16 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38419734/

  Loss of facial recognition or prosopagnosia has been well-recognized for over a century. […] Prosopagnosia has been linked to involvement of the fusiform gyri, mainly in the right hemisphere. […] We aim to assess demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics and neurological and neuropathological disorders associated with a diagnosis of prosopagnosia in a large cohort. […] Patients were categorized as developmental versus acquired; those with acquired prosopagnosia were further subdivided into degenerative versus non-degenerative, based on neurological aetiology. […] The most common degenerative diagnoses were posterior cortical atrophy, primary prosopagnosia syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease dementia and semantic dementia, with each diagnosis accounting for 10% of this group. […] The most common non-degenerative diagnoses were infarcts (ischaemic and haemorrhagic), epilepsy-related and primary brain tumours, each accounting for 10%.

• #17 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38419734/

  Loss of facial recognition or prosopagnosia has been well-recognized for over a century. […] Prosopagnosia has been linked to involvement of the fusiform gyri, mainly in the right hemisphere. […] We aim to assess demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics and neurological and neuropathological disorders associated with a diagnosis of prosopagnosia in a large cohort. […] Patients were categorized as developmental versus acquired; those with acquired prosopagnosia were further subdivided into degenerative versus non-degenerative, based on neurological aetiology. […] The most common degenerative diagnoses were posterior cortical atrophy, primary prosopagnosia syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease dementia and semantic dementia, with each diagnosis accounting for 10% of this group. […] The most common non-degenerative diagnoses were infarcts (ischaemic and haemorrhagic), epilepsy-related and primary brain tumours, each accounting for 10%.

• #18 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PMC Lock

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10901275/

  Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders […] Loss of facial recognition or prosopagnosia has been well-recognized for over a century. […] We aim to assess demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics and neurological and neuropathological disorders associated with a diagnosis of prosopagnosia in a large cohort. […] The Intake and Referral Center at the Mayo Clinic identified 487 patients with possible prosopagnosia, of which 336 met study criteria for probable or definite prosopagnosia. […] We identified a group of patients with non-degenerative transient prosopagnosia in which facial recognition loss improved or resolved over time. […] In this large case series of patients diagnosed with prosopagnosia, we observed that facial recognition loss occurs across a wide range of acquired degenerative and non-degenerative neurological disorders, most commonly in males with developmental prosopagnosia. […] The right temporal and occipital lobes, and connecting fusiform gyrus, are key areas. […] Multiple different pathologies cause degenerative prosopagnosia. […] Josephs and Josephs report 336 patients diagnosed with prosopagnosia over a 23-year period. […] Neurodegenerative diseases accounted for 70% of cases most frequently involving the temporal lobes. […] Non-degenerative causes accounted for 27% with structural lesions most frequently in the right temporal–occipital lobes. […] Developmental prosopagnosia was observed in 10 patients, mainly boys. […] With increasing usage of head MRI scans during the late 20th century, there have been many published case reports and a few small case series of patients with brain lesions and prosopagnosia. […] We also aim to compare patients with non-degenerative diseases with those with neurodegenerative diseases. […] We hypothesize that those with neurodegenerative diseases are older at the time of onset of the prosopagnosia compared with those with non-degenerative prosopagnosia. […] We hypothesize that those with neurodegenerative diseases will show more of a bilateral pattern of involvement compared with those with non-degenerative prosopagnosia. […] The study was reviewed by an expedited review procedure wizard and determined to be exempt from the requirement for Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. […] We then subdivided those with acquired prosopagnosia into two subcategories, degenerative and non-degenerative, based on the neurological diagnosis associated with or determined to have caused the loss of facial recognition. […] In the first test type (informal), the patient was shown the face of a famous person and asked whether the patient recognizes the face. […] A board-certified neurologist independently reviewed the medical records of all patients included in the study to determine neurological diagnosis. […] The three most common degenerative diagnoses were posterior cortical atrophy, PPS and Alzheimer’s disease dementia, with each diagnosis accounting for >10% of the neurodegenerative aetiologies. […] Ninety-one patients had a non-degenerative diagnosis. […] The most common non-degenerative diagnoses were infarcts (ischaemic and haemorrhagic infarcts) followed by epilepsy/seizure-related diseases and primary brain tumours. […] We also encountered novel associations such as patients with attention deficit disorder and patients with non-organic neurological diagnoses. […] We were surprised to encounter as many patients as we did with transient prosopagnosia or prosopagnosia that improved over time. […] We discovered that different underlying pathologies are associated with degenerative prosopagnosia, the most common being FTLD. […] Prosopagnosia can be developmental from birth or acquired later in life across a vast range of neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases from different underlying neuropathologies, focal brain lesions, non-degenerative non-lesion disorders such as epilepsy and migraine and even functional disorders. […] Involvement of the right anterior medial temporal and occipital lobes is the key regions accounting for this symptom.

• #19 Acquired Prosopagnosia – Face Blind UK

  http://faceblind.org.uk/information/acquired/

  Acquired Prosopagnosia (AP) describes a difficulty in recognising faces following a brain injury or damage to the brain following a stroke or encephalitis. […] If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist and receive a medical diagnosis. […] While you may be able to get a formal medical diagnosis, people with acquired prosopagnosia often find that the impact of face blindness may not be recognised and there is little offered in the way of support or therapy from the health services. […] There are also self-diagnostic tests and you may wish to sign up as a participant to on of the university research programmes looking into prosopagnosia.

• #20 Face Blindness Is Not Always Permanent | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/generalneurology/108242

  The researchers identified a group of patients with non-degenerative prosopagnosia whose face blindness improved or resolved. These were people with migraine-related prosopagnosia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, delirium, hypoxic encephalopathy, or ischemic infarcts. […] „Two of the most interesting findings in patients with a non-degenerative diagnosis were the association of prosopagnosia with migraines and the observation that prosopagnosia can be transient and resolve over time,” they wrote.

• #21 Prosopagnosia (face blindness) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/face-blindness/

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is a condition where you have difficulty recognising people’s faces. […] The main symptom of prosopagnosia is having difficulty recognising faces. You’ll still see the parts of a face normally, but all faces may look the same to you. […] Difficulty recognising faces may make it harder to form relationships, or cause problems at work or school. […] See a GP if: you’re struggling to recognise people’s faces and it’s affecting your life. […] Prosopagnosia is caused by a problem with the part of the brain that processes information about faces.

• #22 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38419734/

  Loss of facial recognition or prosopagnosia has been well-recognized for over a century. […] Prosopagnosia has been linked to involvement of the fusiform gyri, mainly in the right hemisphere. […] We aim to assess demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics and neurological and neuropathological disorders associated with a diagnosis of prosopagnosia in a large cohort. […] Patients were categorized as developmental versus acquired; those with acquired prosopagnosia were further subdivided into degenerative versus non-degenerative, based on neurological aetiology. […] The most common degenerative diagnoses were posterior cortical atrophy, primary prosopagnosia syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease dementia and semantic dementia, with each diagnosis accounting for 10% of this group. […] The most common non-degenerative diagnoses were infarcts (ischaemic and haemorrhagic), epilepsy-related and primary brain tumours, each accounting for 10%.

• #23 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PMC Lock

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10901275/

  Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders […] Loss of facial recognition or prosopagnosia has been well-recognized for over a century. […] We aim to assess demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics and neurological and neuropathological disorders associated with a diagnosis of prosopagnosia in a large cohort. […] The Intake and Referral Center at the Mayo Clinic identified 487 patients with possible prosopagnosia, of which 336 met study criteria for probable or definite prosopagnosia. […] We identified a group of patients with non-degenerative transient prosopagnosia in which facial recognition loss improved or resolved over time. […] In this large case series of patients diagnosed with prosopagnosia, we observed that facial recognition loss occurs across a wide range of acquired degenerative and non-degenerative neurological disorders, most commonly in males with developmental prosopagnosia. […] The right temporal and occipital lobes, and connecting fusiform gyrus, are key areas. […] Multiple different pathologies cause degenerative prosopagnosia. […] Josephs and Josephs report 336 patients diagnosed with prosopagnosia over a 23-year period. […] Neurodegenerative diseases accounted for 70% of cases most frequently involving the temporal lobes. […] Non-degenerative causes accounted for 27% with structural lesions most frequently in the right temporal–occipital lobes. […] Developmental prosopagnosia was observed in 10 patients, mainly boys. […] With increasing usage of head MRI scans during the late 20th century, there have been many published case reports and a few small case series of patients with brain lesions and prosopagnosia. […] We also aim to compare patients with non-degenerative diseases with those with neurodegenerative diseases. […] We hypothesize that those with neurodegenerative diseases are older at the time of onset of the prosopagnosia compared with those with non-degenerative prosopagnosia. […] We hypothesize that those with neurodegenerative diseases will show more of a bilateral pattern of involvement compared with those with non-degenerative prosopagnosia. […] The study was reviewed by an expedited review procedure wizard and determined to be exempt from the requirement for Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. […] We then subdivided those with acquired prosopagnosia into two subcategories, degenerative and non-degenerative, based on the neurological diagnosis associated with or determined to have caused the loss of facial recognition. […] In the first test type (informal), the patient was shown the face of a famous person and asked whether the patient recognizes the face. […] A board-certified neurologist independently reviewed the medical records of all patients included in the study to determine neurological diagnosis. […] The three most common degenerative diagnoses were posterior cortical atrophy, PPS and Alzheimer’s disease dementia, with each diagnosis accounting for >10% of the neurodegenerative aetiologies. […] Ninety-one patients had a non-degenerative diagnosis. […] The most common non-degenerative diagnoses were infarcts (ischaemic and haemorrhagic infarcts) followed by epilepsy/seizure-related diseases and primary brain tumours. […] We also encountered novel associations such as patients with attention deficit disorder and patients with non-organic neurological diagnoses. […] We were surprised to encounter as many patients as we did with transient prosopagnosia or prosopagnosia that improved over time. […] We discovered that different underlying pathologies are associated with degenerative prosopagnosia, the most common being FTLD. […] Prosopagnosia can be developmental from birth or acquired later in life across a vast range of neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases from different underlying neuropathologies, focal brain lesions, non-degenerative non-lesion disorders such as epilepsy and migraine and even functional disorders. […] Involvement of the right anterior medial temporal and occipital lobes is the key regions accounting for this symptom.

• #24 What Is Face Blindness? Explaining Brilliant Minds’ Dr. Wolf

  https://www.nbc.com/nbc-insider/what-is-face-blindness-brilliant-minds-dr-wolf-oliver-sacks-explained

  Prosopagnosia is generally associated with brain damage, though a small percentage of cases are congenital or developmental in origin. […] Individual cases of face blindness have been reported for at least the past couple of centuries, but German neurologist Joachim Bodamer was the first to formally document the condition, which he dubbed prosopagnosia. […] Its been suggested that prosopagnosia results from the brains inability to construct individual facial features into a cohesive whole. […] Sacks discussed his own experience with prosopagnosia in a 2010 New Yorker article titled Face-Blind, in which he recalls difficulty recognizing faces for as long as he can remember. […] People with prosopagnosia may struggle to perform activities like grocery shopping or picking up the kids from practice. […] His inability to recognize faces was often interpreted as shyness, reclusiveness, social ineptitude, eccentricity, or autism.

• #25 Having Trouble with Faces? There’s a Name for That | Office for Science and Society – McGill University

  https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history-did-you-know/having-trouble-faces-theres-name

  Scientists have now studied enough people with face blindness to see changes in the brain, like reduced density or volume of grey matter in their temporal lobes and disrupted white matter in specific areas known as the ventral occipito-temporal cortices. […] While no variation in a single gene has been found that explains developmental prosopagnosia, a hereditary component is strongly suspected in many cases. […] Attempts have been made at rehabilitating face recognition in people with prosopagnosia, by training them to pay close attention to the spacing between facial features, for example, and the results are not terrible. […] A study had shown genetic variations in a gene coding for the oxytocin receptor in people with face blindness, hence the idea to give them more of the hormone. […] There is still much we dont know about the condition, such as how common it is or how it may be inherited, and some have argued it may not even be a disorder but simply the tail end of a normal distribution in face identification abilities.

• #26 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38419734/

  We identified a group of patients with non-degenerative transient prosopagnosia in which facial recognition loss improved or resolved over time. […] On [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, the temporal lobes proved to be the most frequently affected regions in 117 patients with degenerative prosopagnosia, while in 82 patients with non-degenerative prosopagnosia, MRI revealed the right temporal and right occipital lobes as most affected by a focal lesion. […] The most common pathological findings in those with degenerative prosopagnosia were frontotemporal lobar degeneration with hippocampal sclerosis and mixed Alzheimer’s and Lewy body disease pathology. […] In this large case series of patients diagnosed with prosopagnosia, we observed that facial recognition loss occurs across a wide range of acquired degenerative and non-degenerative neurological disorders, most commonly in males with developmental prosopagnosia. […] Multiple different pathologies cause degenerative prosopagnosia.

• #27 Prosopagnosia | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/prosopagnosia

  People with prosopagnosia cannot recognize familiar faces and often cannot distinguish among the faces of strangers. […] Accurately diagnosing prosopagnosia often proves difficult, because face recognition involves complex processes in the brain. […] Doctors use a number of tests for diagnosing prosopagnosia. In the famous faces test, the taker has to correctly identify the faces of famous people. In the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT), the taker must match a target face to one of six different face options. In the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), the taker gets introduced to six target faces; then they are tested with a series of three faces, including one familiar target face, which they must correctly identify. […] How is prosopagnosia diagnosed? […] While there is no cure for the prosopagnosia itself, people with this condition may experience symptoms of anxiety or depression that can be alleviated with the help of a professional.

• #28

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-022-02017-w

  Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by severe, lifelong difficulties when recognizing facial identity. Unfortunately, the most common diagnostic assessment (Cambridge Face Memory Test) misses 50-65% of individuals who believe that they have this condition. […] Excluded cases also exhibited face perception and memory impairments that were roughly one standard deviation below neurotypical norms, indicating the presence of objective problems. […] As the prosopagnosia index correctly classified virtually every case, we propose it should be the primary method for providing a diagnosis, prior to subtype categorization. […] Despite research into prosopagnosia growing rapidly over the last 10-20 years, there are still no universally agreed upon methods to diagnose the condition. […] The first is that roughly 50-65% of those who believe that they have this condition fail to score more than 2 SDs below the neurotypical CFMT mean.

• #29 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  Face blindness perhaps, like one participant in a new study, you didnt know it was a thing. But prosopagnosia, to use its medical designation, is a real condition that affects someones ability to recognize faces, even those most familiar to them. […] The 29 participants (19 women and 10 men) had previously contacted the team, seeking to get involved in research because of their own face recognition difficulties. These difficulties were confirmed using objective testing all of these people really did have prosopagnosia, to varying degrees. […] In fact, the authors point out in their paper, In the UK, and much of the rest of the world, it is almost impossible to obtain a diagnosis of [developmental prosopagnosia] from a medical professional. […] Only 34 percent of the participants had sought formal testing or diagnosis, and many believed that this would not be worthwhile. Only one person had received a diagnosis from another researcher prior to the study, while three others had been told they met the criteria for developmental prosopagnosia.

• #30 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): Tests, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_a_person_with_face_blindness_see/article.htm

  Prosopagnosia, known as face blindness, is a neurological condition making it challenging to recognize faces, even those of loved ones. […] The diagnosis of face blindness disease is mainly clinical. […] The neurologist may advise some face blindness tests to confirm the diagnosis, such as: The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT), Warrington Recognition Memory of Faces (RMF), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain can help diagnose areas of damage in the brain. […] Face blindness cannot be cured with our current knowledge of the condition. […] If you think you might have face blindness, see your primary care physician, who can refer you to a psychologist or a neuropsychologist. These specialists can conduct tests that can help them assess if you do have it.

• #31 Prosopagnosia (Facial Blindness): Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment | BetterHelp

  https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/general/prosopagnosia-facial-blindness-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Prosopagnosia is a medical condition and can be diagnosed when it has a defining cause. Struggling to remember the face of an acquaintance or understand facial expressions may not be prosopagnosia if these difficulties are not severe, frequent, and stem from a specific medical cause. […] Prosopagnosia can be diagnosed by a medical professional, often a neurologist, as it is generally considered a neurological disorder. When a client comes in for testing, the doctor may ask about their personal and family history and perform a physical examination. […] Two tests that may be used include the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and a visual acuity assessment. Depending on an individual’s test results, the doctor may order additional tests, such as blood tests, a CT scan, or an MRI scan, to look for acquired prosopagnosia. Genetic prosopagnosia is often diagnosed at a young age, as a parent might notice that their child is unable to recognize them or others.

• #32 Hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA): the first report outside the Caucasian population | Journal of Human Genetics

  https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg200730

  Prosopagnosia (PA) or face blindness is characterized by a deficiency in identifying familiar faces. […] Until 2001, the inborn form in the absence of any brain lesions was described in fewer than 20 probands exclusively of Caucasian origin. […] We could further show that the inborn form in the absence of any traumatic event is very common, with a minimal prevalence of 2.5%. […] We could show in all 38 German families studied that the segregation pattern of congenital prosopagnosia is fully compatible with an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. […] The diagnosis itself is based on qualitative differences. […] The diagnostic approach to hereditary prosopagnosics consisted of: (1) anamnestic data excluding any event of brain lesion or neurological or psychiatric disorders, (2) a semi-structured interview concentrating on cognitive features and (3) detailed data about the family history concentrating on recurrent PA.

• #33 Prosopagnosia – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, refers to the neuro-ophthalmic disorder in which a patient has difficulty perceiving or recognizing faces. […] The diagnosis of prosopagnosia is made clinically. There are a few neurocognitive diagnostic tests that can be used to aid with the evaluation. The Bielefelder Famous Faces Test (BFFT) is a test in which the subject is shown 70 standardized “famous” faces, asked to either report who the individual is or describe the face. […] Because there are no proven diagnostic methods, one often relies on the clinical history to help diagnose prosopagnosia. A patient with apperceptive prosopagnosia will claim they are unable to even perceive a face at all, let alone recognize who the face belongs to. […] Physical exams are generally noncontributory, but the patient may have signs and symptoms that help understanding the underlying cause, such as head bruise, funduscopic findings of uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and Parkinsonian movements. […] Currently there are no effective treatments for prosopagnosia. The standard of care for these patients is to treat their underlying condition, and prevention of further brain damage if possible.

• #34 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] There are few neuropsychological assessments that can definitively diagnose prosopagnosia. One commonly used test is the famous faces tests, where individuals are asked to recognize the faces of famous persons. However, this test is difficult to standardize. The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is another test used by neuropsychologists to assess face recognition skills. […] The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) was developed by Duchaine and Nakayama to better diagnose people with prosopagnosia. This test initially presents individuals with three images each of six different target faces. […] The 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) is a freely available and validated self-report questionnaire that can be used alongside computer-based face recognition tests to help identify individuals with prosopagnosia.

• #35 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] There are few neuropsychological assessments that can definitively diagnose prosopagnosia. One commonly used test is the famous faces tests, where individuals are asked to recognize the faces of famous persons. However, this test is difficult to standardize. The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is another test used by neuropsychologists to assess face recognition skills. […] The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) was developed by Duchaine and Nakayama to better diagnose people with prosopagnosia. This test initially presents individuals with three images each of six different target faces. […] The 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) is a freely available and validated self-report questionnaire that can be used alongside computer-based face recognition tests to help identify individuals with prosopagnosia.

• #36 Prosopagnosia – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, refers to the neuro-ophthalmic disorder in which a patient has difficulty perceiving or recognizing faces. […] The diagnosis of prosopagnosia is made clinically. There are a few neurocognitive diagnostic tests that can be used to aid with the evaluation. The Bielefelder Famous Faces Test (BFFT) is a test in which the subject is shown 70 standardized “famous” faces, asked to either report who the individual is or describe the face. […] Because there are no proven diagnostic methods, one often relies on the clinical history to help diagnose prosopagnosia. A patient with apperceptive prosopagnosia will claim they are unable to even perceive a face at all, let alone recognize who the face belongs to. […] Physical exams are generally noncontributory, but the patient may have signs and symptoms that help understanding the underlying cause, such as head bruise, funduscopic findings of uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and Parkinsonian movements. […] Currently there are no effective treatments for prosopagnosia. The standard of care for these patients is to treat their underlying condition, and prevention of further brain damage if possible.

• #37 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] There are few neuropsychological assessments that can definitively diagnose prosopagnosia. One commonly used test is the famous faces tests, where individuals are asked to recognize the faces of famous persons. However, this test is difficult to standardize. The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is another test used by neuropsychologists to assess face recognition skills. […] The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) was developed by Duchaine and Nakayama to better diagnose people with prosopagnosia. This test initially presents individuals with three images each of six different target faces. […] The 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) is a freely available and validated self-report questionnaire that can be used alongside computer-based face recognition tests to help identify individuals with prosopagnosia.

• #38 Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness): Tests, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_a_person_with_face_blindness_see/article.htm

  Prosopagnosia, known as face blindness, is a neurological condition making it challenging to recognize faces, even those of loved ones. […] The diagnosis of face blindness disease is mainly clinical. […] The neurologist may advise some face blindness tests to confirm the diagnosis, such as: The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT), Warrington Recognition Memory of Faces (RMF), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain can help diagnose areas of damage in the brain. […] Face blindness cannot be cured with our current knowledge of the condition. […] If you think you might have face blindness, see your primary care physician, who can refer you to a psychologist or a neuropsychologist. These specialists can conduct tests that can help them assess if you do have it.

• #39 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] There are few neuropsychological assessments that can definitively diagnose prosopagnosia. One commonly used test is the famous faces tests, where individuals are asked to recognize the faces of famous persons. However, this test is difficult to standardize. The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is another test used by neuropsychologists to assess face recognition skills. […] The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) was developed by Duchaine and Nakayama to better diagnose people with prosopagnosia. This test initially presents individuals with three images each of six different target faces. […] The 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) is a freely available and validated self-report questionnaire that can be used alongside computer-based face recognition tests to help identify individuals with prosopagnosia.

• #40 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Duchaine created the Cambridge Face Memory Test, the newest and now most commonly used assessment. The best way to get a diagnosis, he says, “is to register with a lab that does research on prosopagnosia and participate in their studies.” […] A handful of treatments are available for face blindness, some that target fixing the impairment, while others provide ways to work around it, says Joseph DeGutis, a collaborator at Faceblind.org and director of the Boston Attention and Learning Lab. […] He say his lab and others have “focused on improving face perception abilities, for example, by enhancing matching internal facial features or improving holistic processing abilities: the ability to integrate all the parts of the face into a single representation.” […] The lab has developed a training approach focused on memory to improve “face encoding strategies to enhance face recollection,” DeGutis says, because those with prosopagnosia typically lack “the ability to automatically recall semantic and contextual details when they see a face, although they may have a vague feeling of knowing.”

• #41

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-022-02017-w

  We therefore wanted to assess whether excluded individuals do, as a group, exhibit deficits when tested through commonly used diagnostic tasks, i.e., the CFMT, CFPT, and FFT. […] We believe this exclusion needs to end. […] We therefore hope readers can see the necessity for ending this practice. […] We anticipate such an approach will allow for much more accurate estimates of treatment efficacy, cognitive impairments, and prevalence of this condition.

• #42 Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia): Test, Symptoms, and CausesHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/face-blindness

  Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a rare brain disorder characterized by the inability to recognize or differentiate faces. […] If you’re having trouble recognizing faces, your primary care physician will refer you to a neurologist. […] The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) and Warrington Recognition Memory of Faces (RMF) are two tests that physicians may use to evaluate potential face blindness. […] There is no cure for face blindness. Treatment focuses on helping people with the condition find coping mechanisms to better identify individuals. […] Face blindness can impact someone’s ability to establish personal and professional relationships. This can lead to social anxiety or depression. Learning how to identify people in ways that don’t rely on being able to recognize their face outright can help.

• #43 What Do Prosopagnosia Patients See? 9 Strategies

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_do_prosopagnosia_patients_see/article_em.htm

  Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is an inability to recognize familiar people’s faces. […] Prosopagnosia patients are usually unable to recognize the faces of family members, partners, or friends. In some cases, people with face blindness are unable to recognize themselves in the mirror or photos. […] How Is Prosopagnosia Diagnosed? Prosopagnosia (face blindness) is diagnosed with a patient history of symptoms, such as problems recognizing faces. If prosopagnosia is suspected, patients are usually referred to a neurologist for further testing. […] A neurologist will assess the ability to recognize faces, read emotional cues, and determine personal characteristics such as age and sex. Tests used to help diagnose prosopagnosia include: The Benton Facial Recognition Test, The Warrington Recognition Memory for Faces, The Cambridge Face Perception Test, The Cambridge Face Memory Test.

• #44 Prosopagnosia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. […] There are few neuropsychological assessments that can definitively diagnose prosopagnosia. One commonly used test is the famous faces tests, where individuals are asked to recognize the faces of famous persons. However, this test is difficult to standardize. The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is another test used by neuropsychologists to assess face recognition skills. […] The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) was developed by Duchaine and Nakayama to better diagnose people with prosopagnosia. This test initially presents individuals with three images each of six different target faces. […] The 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) is a freely available and validated self-report questionnaire that can be used alongside computer-based face recognition tests to help identify individuals with prosopagnosia.

• #45 KBS_Icon_questionmark

  https://www.kcl.ac.uk/archive/news/ioppn/records/2015/november/researchers-develop-test-to-diagnose-face-blindness

  Scientists from the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre at Kings College London have created a short questionnaire for people who suspect they have prosopagnosia, a condition that causes an inability to recognise faces. The researchers hope the questionnaire will help improve diagnosis of the condition. […] There are currently no tests that can conclusively diagnose prosopagnosia more commonly known as face blindness which is estimated to affect up to 2 per cent of people in the UK. […] The new 20 item questionnaire asks respondents to indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree with certain phrases about their facial recognition experiences. […] Each question is scored out of five giving a total score of up to 100. This final score could be used to help determine the severity of face-blindness.

• #46 What is Prosopagnosia? Understanding Face Blindness and Its Impact

  http://newamerica.org/the-thread/navigating-life-with-prosopagnosia-face-blindness/

  For as many as one in every 30 people, the answer is no. It doesnt matter how much we care about someone or how long weve known them. We will never be able to remember their face. […] Despite some attention in mainstream mediathanks, in part, to Brad Pitt sharing his struggles with the conditionthere is not yet broad public awareness of prosopagnosia: what it is, how to diagnose it, and why it matters. […] Without an understanding of prosopagnosia and how to spot it, parents or caregivers are left at a loss. […] Diagnosis can be challenging, though, due to prosopagnosias subtlety. […] Some diagnostic tools have also been developed, including one specifically for children, the Cambridge Face Memory Test for Children (CFMT-C). For teenagers, the Benton Facial Recognition Test might be considered. […] Early diagnosis is just one way to boost awareness of the disability and support those struggling to navigate it.

• #47 Prosopagnosia (Facial Blindness): Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment | BetterHelp

  https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/general/prosopagnosia-facial-blindness-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Prosopagnosia is a medical condition and can be diagnosed when it has a defining cause. Struggling to remember the face of an acquaintance or understand facial expressions may not be prosopagnosia if these difficulties are not severe, frequent, and stem from a specific medical cause. […] Prosopagnosia can be diagnosed by a medical professional, often a neurologist, as it is generally considered a neurological disorder. When a client comes in for testing, the doctor may ask about their personal and family history and perform a physical examination. […] Two tests that may be used include the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and a visual acuity assessment. Depending on an individual’s test results, the doctor may order additional tests, such as blood tests, a CT scan, or an MRI scan, to look for acquired prosopagnosia. Genetic prosopagnosia is often diagnosed at a young age, as a parent might notice that their child is unable to recognize them or others.

• #48 How Do I Know if I Have Face Blindness? Signs & Symptoms, Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_do_i_know_if_i_have_face_blindness/article.htm

  Face Blindness A person with prosopagnosia (face blindness) may fail to recognize faces they have seen many times. […] Face blindness, also called prosopagnosia, is a condition in which you have difficulty or an inability in recognizing faces. […] If you think you or your child may have face blindness, consult your doctor for proper diagnosis and appropriate management strategies. Certain tests, such as the Benton Facial Recognition Test and Warrington Recognition Memory of Faces, may help make an accurate diagnosis. […] Your doctor may advise brain imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging, to look for any signs of brain damage or abnormalities. […] Studies suggest that face blindness is caused by certain abnormalities, malfunctions, or damages in the right fusiform gyrus of the brain called the right fusiform gyrus.

• #49 Prosopagnosia (Facial Blindness): Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment | BetterHelp

  https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/general/prosopagnosia-facial-blindness-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Prosopagnosia is a medical condition and can be diagnosed when it has a defining cause. Struggling to remember the face of an acquaintance or understand facial expressions may not be prosopagnosia if these difficulties are not severe, frequent, and stem from a specific medical cause. […] Prosopagnosia can be diagnosed by a medical professional, often a neurologist, as it is generally considered a neurological disorder. When a client comes in for testing, the doctor may ask about their personal and family history and perform a physical examination. […] Two tests that may be used include the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and a visual acuity assessment. Depending on an individual’s test results, the doctor may order additional tests, such as blood tests, a CT scan, or an MRI scan, to look for acquired prosopagnosia. Genetic prosopagnosia is often diagnosed at a young age, as a parent might notice that their child is unable to recognize them or others.

• #50 Prosopagnosia: face blindness and its association with neurological disorders – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38419734/

  We identified a group of patients with non-degenerative transient prosopagnosia in which facial recognition loss improved or resolved over time. […] On [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, the temporal lobes proved to be the most frequently affected regions in 117 patients with degenerative prosopagnosia, while in 82 patients with non-degenerative prosopagnosia, MRI revealed the right temporal and right occipital lobes as most affected by a focal lesion. […] The most common pathological findings in those with degenerative prosopagnosia were frontotemporal lobar degeneration with hippocampal sclerosis and mixed Alzheimer’s and Lewy body disease pathology. […] In this large case series of patients diagnosed with prosopagnosia, we observed that facial recognition loss occurs across a wide range of acquired degenerative and non-degenerative neurological disorders, most commonly in males with developmental prosopagnosia. […] Multiple different pathologies cause degenerative prosopagnosia.

• #51 What is Prosopagnosia, Also Known as Face Blindness?

  https://www.brainandlife.org/articles/a-quirk-of-the-brain-called-prosopagnosia-makes-it-hard

  A quirk of the brain called prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, makes it hard for people to recognize faces. […] Face blindness, officially called prosopagnosia, is a neurologic disorder in which a person’s ability to recognize and identify faces, sometimes even his or her own, is impaired and not because of poor eyesight or absentmindedness, says Brad Duchaine, PhD, professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. […] It is estimated that 2 percent of the population has prosopagnosia to some degree, according to a study by Dr. Duchaine that was published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology in 2013. […] New technologies have helped diagnose them, including brain imaging techniques such as MRI and functional MRI that show areas of the brain lit up during a given function.

• #52 Prosopagnosia: current perspectives | EB

  https://www.dovepress.com/prosopagnosia-current-perspectives-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-EB

  Prosopagnosia is a selective visual agnosia characterized by the inability to recognize the identity of faces. […] In this review, we first discuss the diagnosis of acquired and developmental prosopagnosia, and the challenges present in the latter case. […] The hallmark of prosopagnosia is the reduced ability of subjects to realize that they have seen a face before: hence, key diagnostic tests probe the sense of familiarity for previously seen faces. […] Establishing impaired face recognition is not sufficient for the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. […] The diagnosis of prosopagnosia should be reserved for cases in which poor face recognition cannot be explained by one of these other conditions. […] Suggested criteria for the diagnosis of acquired and developmental prosopagnosia are outlined in Table 1.

• #53

  https://susilolab.org/Prosopagnosia.html

  Prosopagnosia (also known as face blindness or facial agnosia) is a condition characterised by severe deficits in face recognition that are unrelated to broader dysfunctions of vision, learning, memory, or social skills. […] To diagnose prosopagnosia, leading research groups and clinicians use converging evidence from subjective reports (personal anecdotes, self-report instruments) and objective performance on computer-based tests of face recognition. […] An additional criteria of brain injury is required to diagnose acquired prosopagnosia.

• #54

  https://susilolab.org/Prosopagnosia.html

  Prosopagnosia (also known as face blindness or facial agnosia) is a condition characterised by severe deficits in face recognition that are unrelated to broader dysfunctions of vision, learning, memory, or social skills. […] To diagnose prosopagnosia, leading research groups and clinicians use converging evidence from subjective reports (personal anecdotes, self-report instruments) and objective performance on computer-based tests of face recognition. […] An additional criteria of brain injury is required to diagnose acquired prosopagnosia.

• #55 Having Trouble with Faces? There’s a Name for That | Office for Science and Society – McGill University

  https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history-did-you-know/having-trouble-faces-theres-name

  The definition of face blindness still has not been standardized, though it is classically defined as a lifelong face recognition impairment. […] Many dont even realize they have it, and often parents or teachers will spot it in a child based on their behaviour. […] Studying face blindness has not been easy and experts in the field still do not agree on basic elements of this phenomenon, starting with how common it is. […] If true, this would equate to a whopping 163 to 245 million people worldwide. […] To be fair, the creation of an Internet mailing list and of websites focusing on this condition around the same time dramatically increased awareness for face blindness, but 2 to 3%? […] We do not truly know how common face blindness actually is in the population at large, and I would be surprised if the number were this high. […] In a provocative paper published in 2016, Jason Barton and Sherryse Corrow of the University of British Columbia argue that we dont know for a fact that prosopagnosia is a separate entity.

• #56 Having Trouble with Faces? There’s a Name for That | Office for Science and Society – McGill University

  https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history-did-you-know/having-trouble-faces-theres-name

  The definition of face blindness still has not been standardized, though it is classically defined as a lifelong face recognition impairment. […] Many dont even realize they have it, and often parents or teachers will spot it in a child based on their behaviour. […] Studying face blindness has not been easy and experts in the field still do not agree on basic elements of this phenomenon, starting with how common it is. […] If true, this would equate to a whopping 163 to 245 million people worldwide. […] To be fair, the creation of an Internet mailing list and of websites focusing on this condition around the same time dramatically increased awareness for face blindness, but 2 to 3%? […] We do not truly know how common face blindness actually is in the population at large, and I would be surprised if the number were this high. […] In a provocative paper published in 2016, Jason Barton and Sherryse Corrow of the University of British Columbia argue that we dont know for a fact that prosopagnosia is a separate entity.

• #57 What is Prosopagnosia? | Mental Health | CPD Online College

  https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/what-is-prosopagnosia/

  Prosopagnosia, also known as Face Blindness, is a neurological disorder characterised by an inability to recognise faces. […] If you have difficulties recognising faces or have any of the symptoms we have listed today, your GP or primary care physician may refer you to a Neuropsychologist or Neurologist. […] You are then likely to have a prosopagnosia test that will assess and evaluate your ability to recognise facial features. […] There is currently no prosopagnosia test that can conclusively diagnose a person with face blindness. […] The doctor or researcher will first attempt to determine whether the symptoms you report could be explained by another condition, such as a developmental, visual or neurological condition. If this has been ruled out, a diagnosis of prosopagnosia becomes much more likely.

• #58 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Face recognition is a highly complex cognitive process involving a dedicated network of brain regions. Prosopagnosia may present as degrees of impairment — some people are mildly affected, others might not recognize their own reflection. […] The onset of prosopagnosia, Postal says, depends on what caused it. With a stroke, it’s sudden: A patient wakes up in the hospital and recognizes the person keeping vigil at their bedside only when they speak. For those with dementia, there might be a slow decline in the ability to recognize faces. […] Faceblind.org co-founder Brad Duchaine says it can be difficult for people with prosopagnosia to get a diagnosis. […] “Most physicians and many neurologists will not have experience with it,” says Duchaine, whose laboratory explores the mechanisms underlying prosopagnosia and the different forms in which it presents.

• #59 Prosopagnosia: current perspectives | EB

  https://www.dovepress.com/prosopagnosia-current-perspectives-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-EB

  The structural correlates of developmental prosopagnosia are still debated. […] A prevailing theme in prosopagnosia research is the heterogeneity of findings across both acquired and developmental prosopagnosia. […] It is important to ensure that heterogeneity is not the inadvertent result of experimental factors. […] To this end, care is required in establishing the diagnosis of prosopagnosia and excluding other conditions.

• #60 Having Trouble with Faces? There’s a Name for That | Office for Science and Society – McGill University

  https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history-did-you-know/having-trouble-faces-theres-name

  The definition of face blindness still has not been standardized, though it is classically defined as a lifelong face recognition impairment. […] Many dont even realize they have it, and often parents or teachers will spot it in a child based on their behaviour. […] Studying face blindness has not been easy and experts in the field still do not agree on basic elements of this phenomenon, starting with how common it is. […] If true, this would equate to a whopping 163 to 245 million people worldwide. […] To be fair, the creation of an Internet mailing list and of websites focusing on this condition around the same time dramatically increased awareness for face blindness, but 2 to 3%? […] We do not truly know how common face blindness actually is in the population at large, and I would be surprised if the number were this high. […] In a provocative paper published in 2016, Jason Barton and Sherryse Corrow of the University of British Columbia argue that we dont know for a fact that prosopagnosia is a separate entity.

• #61

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-022-02017-w

  Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by severe, lifelong difficulties when recognizing facial identity. Unfortunately, the most common diagnostic assessment (Cambridge Face Memory Test) misses 50-65% of individuals who believe that they have this condition. […] Excluded cases also exhibited face perception and memory impairments that were roughly one standard deviation below neurotypical norms, indicating the presence of objective problems. […] As the prosopagnosia index correctly classified virtually every case, we propose it should be the primary method for providing a diagnosis, prior to subtype categorization. […] Despite research into prosopagnosia growing rapidly over the last 10-20 years, there are still no universally agreed upon methods to diagnose the condition. […] The first is that roughly 50-65% of those who believe that they have this condition fail to score more than 2 SDs below the neurotypical CFMT mean.

• #62

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-022-02017-w

  Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by severe, lifelong difficulties when recognizing facial identity. Unfortunately, the most common diagnostic assessment (Cambridge Face Memory Test) misses 50-65% of individuals who believe that they have this condition. […] Excluded cases also exhibited face perception and memory impairments that were roughly one standard deviation below neurotypical norms, indicating the presence of objective problems. […] As the prosopagnosia index correctly classified virtually every case, we propose it should be the primary method for providing a diagnosis, prior to subtype categorization. […] Despite research into prosopagnosia growing rapidly over the last 10-20 years, there are still no universally agreed upon methods to diagnose the condition. […] The first is that roughly 50-65% of those who believe that they have this condition fail to score more than 2 SDs below the neurotypical CFMT mean.

• #63 Diagnosis & the NHS – Face Blind UK

  https://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/nhs/

  If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. […] You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist. […] For individuals who have developmental prosopagnosia access to diagnosis is not usually via the medical route, as GPs tend to have limited experience of the condition, though you may ask for the condition to be included in your medical records. […] Volunteering to participate in one of the university research projects may be the most straightforward way of getting an assessment of your face recognition abilities if you think you have particular difficulties. […] You may want to ask your GP to add prosopagnosia to your records, as a long-term condition. […] It was only in 2014 that the NHS added prosopagnosia to NHS Choices and in 2015 it was added to the list of long-term conditions that can be coded on to patients notes, so awareness amongst health professionals is still in its infancy.

• #64 Diagnosis & the NHS – Face Blind UK

  https://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/nhs/

  If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. […] You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist. […] For individuals who have developmental prosopagnosia access to diagnosis is not usually via the medical route, as GPs tend to have limited experience of the condition, though you may ask for the condition to be included in your medical records. […] Volunteering to participate in one of the university research projects may be the most straightforward way of getting an assessment of your face recognition abilities if you think you have particular difficulties. […] You may want to ask your GP to add prosopagnosia to your records, as a long-term condition. […] It was only in 2014 that the NHS added prosopagnosia to NHS Choices and in 2015 it was added to the list of long-term conditions that can be coded on to patients notes, so awareness amongst health professionals is still in its infancy.

• #65 Can’t Recognize Faces After Stroke? Prosopagnosia Information

  https://www.flintrehab.com/cant-recognize-faces-after-stroke-prosopagnosia/?srsltid=AfmBOopUZyU0S5nn0WVYr8TqPidSKQzuuNtMKnqtWmmEdNbJeyZ17bbi

  If you or a loved one cant recognize faces after a stroke, it could be prosopagnosia also known as facial blindness. […] Prosopagnosia is a neurological disorder that, most notably, impairs an individuals ability to recognize faces. […] A common cause of prosopagnosia is stroke. […] One clinical sample found that half of those who survived a right hemisphere stroke had prosopagnosia. […] Another study looked at 44 stroke survivors with prosopagnosia and found that the majority of them had damage in the right fusiform gyrus. […] In severe cases, a survivor with prosopagnosia cant recognize familiar faces after stroke even the faces of close friends and family. […] Its important to work with a neurologist to get an accurate diagnosis and understanding. […] This is why its important to work with a neurologist for an accurate diagnosis and better understanding.

• #66 Diagnosis & the NHS – Face Blind UK

  https://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/nhs/

  If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. […] You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist. […] For individuals who have developmental prosopagnosia access to diagnosis is not usually via the medical route, as GPs tend to have limited experience of the condition, though you may ask for the condition to be included in your medical records. […] Volunteering to participate in one of the university research projects may be the most straightforward way of getting an assessment of your face recognition abilities if you think you have particular difficulties. […] You may want to ask your GP to add prosopagnosia to your records, as a long-term condition. […] It was only in 2014 that the NHS added prosopagnosia to NHS Choices and in 2015 it was added to the list of long-term conditions that can be coded on to patients notes, so awareness amongst health professionals is still in its infancy.

• #67 Prosopagnosia Research at Bournemouth University – Children

  https://www.prosopagnosiaresearch.org/face-blindness/children

  It is currently very difficult to obtain a formal diagnosis of face blindness from either an educational (e.g. an educational psychologist) or a medical professional in the UK. […] While the condition is recognised by the NHS (UK), it can be hard to access a professional with suitable expertise. […] Some laboratories based at universities now offer screening sessions suitable for children, often linked to a formal research programme.

• #68 Diagnosis & the NHS – Face Blind UK

  https://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/nhs/

  If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. […] You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist. […] For individuals who have developmental prosopagnosia access to diagnosis is not usually via the medical route, as GPs tend to have limited experience of the condition, though you may ask for the condition to be included in your medical records. […] Volunteering to participate in one of the university research projects may be the most straightforward way of getting an assessment of your face recognition abilities if you think you have particular difficulties. […] You may want to ask your GP to add prosopagnosia to your records, as a long-term condition. […] It was only in 2014 that the NHS added prosopagnosia to NHS Choices and in 2015 it was added to the list of long-term conditions that can be coded on to patients notes, so awareness amongst health professionals is still in its infancy.

• #69 Prosopagnosia Research at Bournemouth University – Home

  https://www.prosopagnosiaresearch.org/

  Prosopagnosia is recognised by the NHS (UK). However, it is mostly very difficult to get an assessment via NHS services. The vast majority of people approach researchers at a university, such as ourselves. […] You can register your interest in an assessment for yourself or a child in your care here. We also have an evidence-based peer-reviewed symptom checklist that may be useful to educational and psychological professionals.

• #70 When a face means nothing: What prosopagnosia looks like – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/17/what-face-blindness-means/

  Face recognition is a highly complex cognitive process involving a dedicated network of brain regions. Prosopagnosia may present as degrees of impairment — some people are mildly affected, others might not recognize their own reflection. […] The onset of prosopagnosia, Postal says, depends on what caused it. With a stroke, it’s sudden: A patient wakes up in the hospital and recognizes the person keeping vigil at their bedside only when they speak. For those with dementia, there might be a slow decline in the ability to recognize faces. […] Faceblind.org co-founder Brad Duchaine says it can be difficult for people with prosopagnosia to get a diagnosis. […] “Most physicians and many neurologists will not have experience with it,” says Duchaine, whose laboratory explores the mechanisms underlying prosopagnosia and the different forms in which it presents.

• #71 Acquired Prosopagnosia – Face Blind UK

  http://faceblind.org.uk/information/acquired/

  Acquired Prosopagnosia (AP) describes a difficulty in recognising faces following a brain injury or damage to the brain following a stroke or encephalitis. […] If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist and receive a medical diagnosis. […] While you may be able to get a formal medical diagnosis, people with acquired prosopagnosia often find that the impact of face blindness may not be recognised and there is little offered in the way of support or therapy from the health services. […] There are also self-diagnostic tests and you may wish to sign up as a participant to on of the university research programmes looking into prosopagnosia.

• #72 What is Prosopagnosia, Also Known as Face Blindness?

  https://www.brainandlife.org/articles/a-quirk-of-the-brain-called-prosopagnosia-makes-it-hard

  Cases of acquired prosopagnosia are aiding scientists in pinpointing the regions of the brain crucial to perceiving and identifying faces, says Steven Galetta, MD, FAAN, professor and chair of neurology at NYU Langone Medical Center, who has treated such patients. […] Dr. Duchaine maintains a website called faceblind.org that provides a five-minute face-recognition test and allows people to indicate whether they’d like to be contacted to participate in research.

• #73 Face Blindness or Prosopagnosia (Facial Agnosia) | Cherry Hill Voorhees NJ Psychiatrist ADHD Depression Anxiety Eating Disorders

  https://drdal.com/face-blindness-or-prosopagnosia-facial-agnosia/

  Face blindness or prosopagnosia impairs a persons ability to recognize faces. […] There are tests available online which will help assess your abilities on facial recognition. Harvard University and University College London have developed diagnostic tests for face blindness which are available through a website (http://www.faceblind.org). […] Documented cases of face blindness showed that the impairment had been an effect of damage in brain suffered from head trauma, degenerative diseases, or stroke. […] Their assessment will then result to ordering further face recognition tests. […] Prosopagnosia is, as mentioned earlier, a poorly understood disorder. Currently, there are very limited understanding of prosopagnosia, and this is primarily due to the few cases of face blindness that have been thoroughly investigated and studied, especially for developmental prosopagnosia.

• #74 Diagnosis & the NHS – Face Blind UK

  https://faceblind.org.uk/diagnosis/nhs/

  If your face blindness is the result of is the result of an illness or injury such as a stroke, head injury or encephalitis, the sudden and significant change in your ability to recognise others may be obvious to you. […] You may be able to discuss the condition with your neurologist. […] For individuals who have developmental prosopagnosia access to diagnosis is not usually via the medical route, as GPs tend to have limited experience of the condition, though you may ask for the condition to be included in your medical records. […] Volunteering to participate in one of the university research projects may be the most straightforward way of getting an assessment of your face recognition abilities if you think you have particular difficulties. […] You may want to ask your GP to add prosopagnosia to your records, as a long-term condition. […] It was only in 2014 that the NHS added prosopagnosia to NHS Choices and in 2015 it was added to the list of long-term conditions that can be coded on to patients notes, so awareness amongst health professionals is still in its infancy.

• #75 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  Face blindness perhaps, like one participant in a new study, you didnt know it was a thing. But prosopagnosia, to use its medical designation, is a real condition that affects someones ability to recognize faces, even those most familiar to them. […] The 29 participants (19 women and 10 men) had previously contacted the team, seeking to get involved in research because of their own face recognition difficulties. These difficulties were confirmed using objective testing all of these people really did have prosopagnosia, to varying degrees. […] In fact, the authors point out in their paper, In the UK, and much of the rest of the world, it is almost impossible to obtain a diagnosis of [developmental prosopagnosia] from a medical professional. […] Only 34 percent of the participants had sought formal testing or diagnosis, and many believed that this would not be worthwhile. Only one person had received a diagnosis from another researcher prior to the study, while three others had been told they met the criteria for developmental prosopagnosia.

• #76 Amazon.com: WHAT IS PROSOPAGNOSIA OR FACE BLINDNESS?: THE RARE ILLNESS BRAD PITT CLAIMS HE’S SUFFERING, IS THERE ANY TREATMENT FOR PROSOPAGNOSIA? Face blindness, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis & treatment eBook : Boris, Dr. Verde : Kindle Store

  https://www.amazon.com/WHAT-PROSOPAGNOSIA-FACE-BLINDNESS-SUFFERING-ebook/dp/B0B6D86TVK

  Prosopagnosics frequently struggle to identify faces they have seen numerous times and struggle to determine whether they have seen a face previously. […] This book offers the author’s study findings on face perception on both healthy volunteers and prosopagnosia patients, a neurological condition defined by a lack of facial recognition. […] The goal of the book, which details two types of prosopagnosia, is to increase awareness of this crippling face recognition condition, which is frequently disregarded or mistaken for autism and has major repercussions for those who suffer from it and their families.

• #77 What is Prosopagnosia? Understanding Face Blindness and Its Impact

  http://newamerica.org/the-thread/navigating-life-with-prosopagnosia-face-blindness/

  For as many as one in every 30 people, the answer is no. It doesnt matter how much we care about someone or how long weve known them. We will never be able to remember their face. […] Despite some attention in mainstream mediathanks, in part, to Brad Pitt sharing his struggles with the conditionthere is not yet broad public awareness of prosopagnosia: what it is, how to diagnose it, and why it matters. […] Without an understanding of prosopagnosia and how to spot it, parents or caregivers are left at a loss. […] Diagnosis can be challenging, though, due to prosopagnosias subtlety. […] Some diagnostic tools have also been developed, including one specifically for children, the Cambridge Face Memory Test for Children (CFMT-C). For teenagers, the Benton Facial Recognition Test might be considered. […] Early diagnosis is just one way to boost awareness of the disability and support those struggling to navigate it.

• #78 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a condition in which individuals are unable to easily and accurately recognize others by their faces. […] The early identification of prosopagnosia symptoms and the concurrent treatment of co-occurring conditions would greatly aid in improving overall outcomes for children. […] Given the significant impact of prosopagnosia on children’s social interactions and overall well-being, it is imperative to explore effective intervention methods to mitigate the challenges associated with this condition. […] The lack of a widely accepted treatment for children with prosopagnosia emphasizes the need for further research to improve intervention strategies.

• #79 Face Blindness May Affect More than 3% of People, Study Finds

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/face-blindness-may-affect-more-than-3-of-people-study-finds/

  The researchers also observed that there were no neatly divided discrete groups of people with poor or good ability to recognize faces. […] DeGutis said that the facial recall challenges can be caused by a brain injury to occipital or temporal regions, referred to as acquired prosopagnosia, or it can be the result of a lifelong condition related to genetic or developmental abnormalities, referred to as developmental prosopagnosia. […] face blindness can be a socially debilitating disorder that can limit employment opportunities. […] The goal of this research is to provide a solid framework to understand the processes behind prosopagnosia and uncover clues on how to improve face recognition in people with face blindness, DeGutis said. Recent evidence suggests that people with milder forms of face blindness may benefit from treatments that include cognitive training to enhance perceptual abilities or coaching aimed directly at improving face associations.

• #80 I Can’t Recognize My Mother’s Face: On Face Blindness and Autism | Neurodiverging

  https://www.neurodiverging.com/face-blindness-autism/

  Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is very common among autistic and ADHD people. […] How Is Prosopagnosia Diagnosed? […] Currently, an official diagnosis of face blindness is based on your performance on tests of face recognition and learning. […] If you do pursue a diagnosis, you’ll be shown pictures of faces, and you have to say whether they’re familiar to you or unfamiliar to you. […] Everyone has trouble recognizing people occasionally, but prosopagnosia is a more serious and persistent issue. […] So how do you know if you or your autistic loved ones are dealing with face blindness? […] If you feel that you have persistent trouble recognizing familiar faces in day-to-day life, then you might have face blindness. […] I will say that it does seem like, from the research that exists, that face blindness has some genetic propensity and is, in some way hereditary. […] Even if you are not face blind, even if none of this seems relevant to you, if you have a child who has ADHD or who’s autistic, it’s worth checking in with them, or trying to pay attention to how they’re doing with faces.

• #81 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a condition in which individuals are unable to easily and accurately recognize others by their faces. […] The early identification of prosopagnosia symptoms and the concurrent treatment of co-occurring conditions would greatly aid in improving overall outcomes for children. […] Given the significant impact of prosopagnosia on children’s social interactions and overall well-being, it is imperative to explore effective intervention methods to mitigate the challenges associated with this condition. […] The lack of a widely accepted treatment for children with prosopagnosia emphasizes the need for further research to improve intervention strategies.

• #82 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. […] Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a condition in which individuals are unable to easily and accurately recognize others by their faces. […] The early identification of prosopagnosia symptoms and the concurrent treatment of co-occurring conditions would greatly aid in improving overall outcomes for children. […] Given the significant impact of prosopagnosia on children’s social interactions and overall well-being, it is imperative to explore effective intervention methods to mitigate the challenges associated with this condition. […] The lack of a widely accepted treatment for children with prosopagnosia emphasizes the need for further research to improve intervention strategies.

• #83 Face Blindness May Affect More than 3% of People, Study Finds

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/face-blindness-may-affect-more-than-3-of-people-study-finds/

  The researchers also observed that there were no neatly divided discrete groups of people with poor or good ability to recognize faces. […] DeGutis said that the facial recall challenges can be caused by a brain injury to occipital or temporal regions, referred to as acquired prosopagnosia, or it can be the result of a lifelong condition related to genetic or developmental abnormalities, referred to as developmental prosopagnosia. […] face blindness can be a socially debilitating disorder that can limit employment opportunities. […] The goal of this research is to provide a solid framework to understand the processes behind prosopagnosia and uncover clues on how to improve face recognition in people with face blindness, DeGutis said. Recent evidence suggests that people with milder forms of face blindness may benefit from treatments that include cognitive training to enhance perceptual abilities or coaching aimed directly at improving face associations.

• #84

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-022-02017-w

  We therefore wanted to assess whether excluded individuals do, as a group, exhibit deficits when tested through commonly used diagnostic tasks, i.e., the CFMT, CFPT, and FFT. […] We believe this exclusion needs to end. […] We therefore hope readers can see the necessity for ending this practice. […] We anticipate such an approach will allow for much more accurate estimates of treatment efficacy, cognitive impairments, and prevalence of this condition.

• #85 Exposure Based Face Memory Test

  https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/EBFMT/

  The human brain has a special module that is used to recognize faces. People with prosopagnosia, also known as „face blindness”, have difficulty remembering faces. […] The Exposure Based Face Memory Test was developed as an open source measure of face memory and was designed with a procedure that is both closer to the demands on face memory experienced in every day life, and minimizes administration time.

• #86 Face Blindness – Issuu

  https://issuu.com/mmsa/docs/final_minima_medica/s/10219332

  The diagnosis of facial recognition impairment is challenging. To date, there is no test which can accurately determine any dysfunction of the system. Moreover, there are currently no set standards for the levels of facial recognition which should be reached by an individual at specific ages, and skills associated with facial recognition are not taught in the education system. The current process of diagnosis of facial blindness is the use of behavioural test questionnaires. This may result in problems with the diagnosis of specific conditions, since it simply elucidates a score which is below a set criterion, thereby indicating the presence of a problem with facial recognition. Diagnosis is usually established via the utilization of neural, biochemical and genetic markers which may contribute in an additive manner to the results of behavioural test questionnaires.

• #87 What is Prosopagnosia, Also Known as Face Blindness?

  https://www.brainandlife.org/articles/a-quirk-of-the-brain-called-prosopagnosia-makes-it-hard

  A quirk of the brain called prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, makes it hard for people to recognize faces. […] Face blindness, officially called prosopagnosia, is a neurologic disorder in which a person’s ability to recognize and identify faces, sometimes even his or her own, is impaired and not because of poor eyesight or absentmindedness, says Brad Duchaine, PhD, professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. […] It is estimated that 2 percent of the population has prosopagnosia to some degree, according to a study by Dr. Duchaine that was published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology in 2013. […] New technologies have helped diagnose them, including brain imaging techniques such as MRI and functional MRI that show areas of the brain lit up during a given function.

• #88 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  As well as describing their experiences, participants were asked what areas they would prioritise for future study. Key themes that emerged included improving awareness in the general public and increasing access to diagnosis. […] One possible recommendation the authors put forward is for prosopagnosia itself to be recognized as a form of neurodivergence. […] Its clear that the experience of living with prosopagnosia differs massively between people, and that we still have a lot to learn about this condition.

• #89 Prosopagnosia: 41 Percent Of Adults With Face Blindness In New Study Struggle To Recognize Close Friends | IFLScience

  https://www.iflscience.com/prosopagnosia-whats-it-like-to-live-with-face-blindness-79044

  As well as describing their experiences, participants were asked what areas they would prioritise for future study. Key themes that emerged included improving awareness in the general public and increasing access to diagnosis. […] One possible recommendation the authors put forward is for prosopagnosia itself to be recognized as a form of neurodivergence. […] Its clear that the experience of living with prosopagnosia differs massively between people, and that we still have a lot to learn about this condition.

• #90 Accurately Diagnosing Prosopagnosia | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/you-dont-look-like-anyone-i-know/201012/accurately-diagnosing-prosopagnosia

  The first three doctors I saw here in Michigan said there was simply no way could I have prosopagnosia. „Too rare.” […] However, there are accurate, simple diagnostic tools available. For all types of prosopagnosia, the best single measure for prosopagnosia is the Cambridge Face Memory Test. […] Why isn’t the Cambridge test widely used? This test is relatively new and it’s challenging for the researchers who develop new instruments to find pathways to inform clinicians about tests and disorders. […] The most important part of diagnosis is, ironically, recognition: we need to recognize the disorder for what it is. […] Diagnosis isn’t something a doctor on high passes down to the patient. Diagnosis is an ongoing conversation, sometimes messy, wandering, frustrating, and layered.

• #91 Accurately Diagnosing Prosopagnosia | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/you-dont-look-like-anyone-i-know/201012/accurately-diagnosing-prosopagnosia

  The first three doctors I saw here in Michigan said there was simply no way could I have prosopagnosia. „Too rare.” […] However, there are accurate, simple diagnostic tools available. For all types of prosopagnosia, the best single measure for prosopagnosia is the Cambridge Face Memory Test. […] Why isn’t the Cambridge test widely used? This test is relatively new and it’s challenging for the researchers who develop new instruments to find pathways to inform clinicians about tests and disorders. […] The most important part of diagnosis is, ironically, recognition: we need to recognize the disorder for what it is. […] Diagnosis isn’t something a doctor on high passes down to the patient. Diagnosis is an ongoing conversation, sometimes messy, wandering, frustrating, and layered.

• #92 Accurately Diagnosing Prosopagnosia | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/you-dont-look-like-anyone-i-know/201012/accurately-diagnosing-prosopagnosia

  The first three doctors I saw here in Michigan said there was simply no way could I have prosopagnosia. „Too rare.” […] However, there are accurate, simple diagnostic tools available. For all types of prosopagnosia, the best single measure for prosopagnosia is the Cambridge Face Memory Test. […] Why isn’t the Cambridge test widely used? This test is relatively new and it’s challenging for the researchers who develop new instruments to find pathways to inform clinicians about tests and disorders. […] The most important part of diagnosis is, ironically, recognition: we need to recognize the disorder for what it is. […] Diagnosis isn’t something a doctor on high passes down to the patient. Diagnosis is an ongoing conversation, sometimes messy, wandering, frustrating, and layered.

• #93 Face blindness: take a test to diagnose it

  https://www.autismeye.com/face-blindness/

  People with autism who suffer from face blindness may for the first time be in line for a diagnosis of the condition. […] Scientists at City University and Kings College London have created a questionnaire that they say should help doctors to diagnose face-blindness, medically known as prosopagnosia. […] The questionnaire measures the severity of someones face blindness. This may help doctors to diagnose a condition that has until now proven elusive but may be highly debilitating. […] According to Shah, prosopagnosia is increasingly seen as a more common condition than had been thought. Nevertheless, he said it was still often overlooked. […] It is estimated that as many as one in 50 people worldwide have developmental prosopagnosia, which can begin in childhood. […] A previous study by Barton found that as many as two in every three people with autism have problems processing information about faces.

• #94 Having Trouble with Faces? There’s a Name for That | Office for Science and Society – McGill University

  https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history-did-you-know/having-trouble-faces-theres-name

  Scientists have now studied enough people with face blindness to see changes in the brain, like reduced density or volume of grey matter in their temporal lobes and disrupted white matter in specific areas known as the ventral occipito-temporal cortices. […] While no variation in a single gene has been found that explains developmental prosopagnosia, a hereditary component is strongly suspected in many cases. […] Attempts have been made at rehabilitating face recognition in people with prosopagnosia, by training them to pay close attention to the spacing between facial features, for example, and the results are not terrible. […] A study had shown genetic variations in a gene coding for the oxytocin receptor in people with face blindness, hence the idea to give them more of the hormone. […] There is still much we dont know about the condition, such as how common it is or how it may be inherited, and some have argued it may not even be a disorder but simply the tail end of a normal distribution in face identification abilities.

• #95 Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/8/676

  This paper presents a summary and comparison of potential interventions for children with prosopagnosia, which include compensatory strategies and remedial strategies. […] Despite showing some promise, the effectiveness of these interventions for children with prosopagnosia remains limited, and their applicability and efficacy are subject to various constraints. […] Future studies could explore combining online intervention systems with families and schools to improve intervention outcomes. […] The inability to recognize and remember faces can result in significant impairments in social skills, causing patients to experience anxiety and depression. […] Future investigations should include the study of age and personality factors in children with prosopagnosia, providing additional perspectives for addressing intervention issues related to anxiety, depression, and social relationships. […] The intranasal inhalation of oxytocin and non-invasive brain stimulation can improve face recognition skills in the short term.

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