Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Smallpox – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/smallpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20353027

  Smallpox pustules covering the trunk of the body […] The first symptoms of smallpox usually appear 12 to 14 days after you’re exposed to the smallpox virus. However, the virus can be in your body from 7 to 19 days before you look or feel sick. This time is called the incubation period. […] After the incubation period, sudden flu-like symptoms occur. These include: Fever, Muscle aches, Headache, Severe fatigue, Severe back pain, Vomiting, sometimes. […] A few days later, flat, red spots appear on the body. They may start in the mouth and on the tongue and then spread to the skin. The face, arms and legs are often affected first, followed by the torso, hands and feet. […] Within a day or two, many of the spots turn into small blisters filled with clear fluid. Later, the blisters fill with pus. These sores are called pustules. Scabs form 8 to 9 days later and eventually fall off, leaving deep, pitted scars. […] Smallpox can be spread from person to person when the rash appears and until the scabs fall off.

• #1 Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Smallpox | Smallpox | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/hcp/clinical-signs/index.html

  Ordinary smallpox was the most common form, accounting for over 85% of all cases during the smallpox era. […] The first symptoms of the prodrome begin after the incubation period and include: Fever as high as 101F to 105F (38.3C to 40.5C), Malaise, Prostration, Headache, Backache, Vomiting, Severe abdominal pain, Chills, Anorexia, Pharyngitis. […] As the fever subsides, rash lesions begin to develop. Lesions usually appear first on the oropharynx, followed by the face and extremities, and then spread to the trunk, palms, and soles in a centrifugal pattern of distribution. […] Lesions develop uniformly throughout the disease and progress from macules to papules to vesicles over the course of 4 to 5 days. […] Crusting and scab formation typically begins by the ninth day of exanthema. The crusts slough off around 14 days after rash onset.

• #1 Smallpox: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10855-smallpox

  Smallpox caused a hard, blistering rash over most of your body that left disfiguring scars. […] Symptoms of smallpox come in stages and include: High fever. Severe headache. Backache. Stomach pain. Extreme fatigue and weakness. Vomiting. Rash that starts in your mouth and spreads to your face, then to the rest of your body. Sores, then hard pustules that form from the rash. […] Symptoms like fever, headache and fatigue appear first. They last two to four days, though the fever may continue or come back after the rash appears. The rash then goes through stages that each last several days. […] The smallpox rash starts in your mouth and on your face and quickly covers most of your body. It starts as a rash and ends up as hard bumps that turn into scabs. […] In the most common type of smallpox (ordinary smallpox), the rash goes through several stages: Early rash. After your initial symptoms, a rash develops on your tongue and the insides of your mouth and throat. Red spots in your mouth become sores, which break open. Spreading rash. The rash spreads to your face and then your arms, legs, back and torso. In about a day, it spreads all over your body, including the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. Bumps on your skin fill with pus (thick fluid). There may be a dent in the middle of each bump. It takes about two days for the bumps to fill with fluid. Pustular rash and scabs. Bumps turn into pustules (firm, round lumps). Over the next 10 days, crusty scabs form over the pustules. Scabs resolve. Over about a week, the scabs fall off, leaving scars.

• #1 Smallpox – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/smallpox/smallpox+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Smallpox – including symptoms, treatment and prevention […] Signs and symptoms of smallpox may include: […] sudden onset of high fever which may be recurrent […] malaise (general feeling of unwellness) […] widespread skin rash flat spots which change into raised bumps then firm fluid filled blisters which then scab (see image) […] severe headache […] backache […] abdominal pain […] vomiting […] diarrhoea. […] In 30 to 50% of unvaccinated people with variola major the disease progressed with bleeding, low blood pressure, multi-organ failure and death. […] Variola minor had a death rate of less than 1%. […] Diagnosis is by laboratory testing of blister fluid or skin scrapings, or blood taken during the fever stage. […] From 7 to 19 days, usually 10 to 14 days. […] From the start of the fever until all scabs have fallen off. People are most contagious during the early skin rash. […] There is no specific treatment for smallpox. Persons with suspected or confirmed smallpox require supportive treatment in hospital.

• #1 Smallpox: Vaccine, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Pictures

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/smallpox/article_em.htm

  Smallpox is a disease caused by a poxvirus that is transmitted from person to person causes high fever, and characteristic rash, and may kill about one-third of those infected. […] After infection, symptoms may take from seven to 17 days to appear for major types of smallpox. The virus begins growing in the bloodstream 72-96 hours after infection, but no obvious symptoms appear immediately. […] People who have contracted smallpox initially develop such symptoms as fever, body aches, headache, chills, malaise, muscle aches, and particularly backache. Over half of people with smallpox experience chills and vomiting. Some become confused. […] A rash appears 48-72 hours after the initial symptoms and turns into virus-filled sores, which later scab over. The process can take up to two weeks.

• #1 FAQs • What are the symptoms of smallpox?

  https://www.klickitatcounty.org/FAQ.aspx?QID=166

  What are the symptoms of smallpox? The symptoms of smallpox begin with high fever, head and body aches, and sometimes vomiting. A rash follows that spreads and progresses to raised bumps that crust, scab, and fall off after about three weeks, leaving a pitted scar. […] The symptoms of smallpox begin with high fever, head and body aches, and sometimes vomiting. A rash follows that spreads and progresses to raised bumps that crust, scab, and fall off after about three weeks, leaving a pitted scar. […] After exposure, it takes between 7 and 17 days for symptoms of smallpox to appear (average incubation time is 12 to 14 days). During this time, the infected person feels fine and is not contagious. […] A person with smallpox is sometimes contagious with onset of fever (prodrome phase), but the person becomes most contagious with the onset of rash. The infected person is contagious until the last smallpox scab falls off.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Smallpox | Smallpox | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/signs-symptoms/index.html

  A person with smallpox goes through several stages as the disease progresses. Each stage has its own signs and symptoms. […] It can take 7 to 19 days after being infected before a person shows symptoms of smallpox. […] People with smallpox will develop a rash, which progresses to pustules and then scabs. […] This stage lasts anywhere from 2 to 4 days. […] The first symptoms include: High fever, Head and body aches, Sometimes vomiting. […] A rash starts as small red spots on the tongue and in the mouth. These spots change into sores that break open and spread large amounts of the virus into the mouth and throat. […] Once the skin sores fill with fluid, the fever may rise again and remain high until scabs form over the bumps. […] The sores become pustules (sharply raised, usually round and firm to the touch, like peas under the skin). […] After about 5 days, the pustules begin to form a crust and then scab. […] The scabs begin to fall off, leaving marks on the skin. […] Once all scabs have fallen off, the person is no longer contagious.

• #1 Smallpox – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox

  The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of ulcers in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days, the skin rash turned into the characteristic fluid-filled blisters with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. […] The early prodromal stage usually lasted 2–4 days. By days 12–15, the first visible lesions – small reddish spots called enanthem – appeared on mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, palate, and throat, and the temperature fell to near-normal. These lesions rapidly enlarged and ruptured, releasing large amounts of virus into the saliva. […] A rash developed on the skin 24 to 48 hours after lesions on the mucous membranes appeared. Typically the macules first appeared on the forehead, then rapidly spread to the whole face, proximal portions of extremities, the trunk, and lastly to distal portions of extremities. The process took no more than 24 to 36 hours, after which no new lesions appeared.

• #1 What Is Smallpox? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/infectious-diseases/smallpox/

  Its hallmark symptom is a distinctive rash that changes in appearance as the disease progresses. […] The first symptoms are usually: High fever, Headaches, Body aches, including backaches, Vomiting. […] These symptoms typically last two to four days and are severe enough to prevent normal day-to-day activities. […] After the first symptoms of headaches, fever, and body aches, the next sign of the disease to appear is a rash, beginning with small, flat red spots on the tongue and in the mouth. […] The rash develops into sores that break open. Typically within a day, the rash spreads to the face and then to the arms and legs, followed by the hands, feet, and the rest of the body. […] As the rash develops, the fever may go down, causing infected people to feel like theyre getting better.

• #1 Smallpox Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/237229-clinical

  The pustules reach their maximal size by day 10. By the end of the second week after the rash appears, most of the sores have formed scabs. The scabs begin to separate, leaving marks on the skin that eventually become pitted scars. Most scabs separate by the third week after the rash appears. The person is contagious until all of the scabs are gone. […] Compared with unvaccinated persons, vaccinated individuals who contract smallpox tend to have less severe toxemia, fewer constitutional symptoms, and smaller and fewer numbers of lesions, which tend to be more superficial and to mimic those of chickenpox. […] The smallpox rash has a centrifugal distribution, with more lesions on the arms and legs than on the trunk. Rash on the palms and soles is common. In comparison, a chickenpox rash has a centripetal distribution, with more lesions on the trunk and with fewer or no lesions on the palms and soles.

• #1 Smallpox – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/pox-viruses/smallpox

  Variola major has a 10- to 12-day incubation period (range 7 to 17 days), followed by a 2- to 3-day prodrome of fever, headache, backache, and extreme malaise. Sometimes severe abdominal pain and vomiting occur. After the prodrome, maculopapular lesions develop on the oropharyngeal mucosa, face, and arms, spreading shortly thereafter to the trunk and legs. The oropharyngeal lesions quickly ulcerate. After 1 or 2 days, the cutaneous lesions become vesicular, then pustular. Pustules are denser on the face and extremities than on the trunk, and they may appear on the palms. The pustules are round and tense and appear deeply embedded. Skin lesions of smallpox, unlike those of chickenpox, are all at the same stage of development on a given body part. After 8 or 9 days, the pustules become crusted. Severe residual scarring is typical.

• #1

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/emergency-preparedness-response/public-health-care-system-preparedness/small-pox.html

  Pustular rash, days 5 to 10, very contagious. The bumps become sharply raised. They are usually round and firm to the touch as if there is a small round object under the skin. People often say the bumps feel like BB pellets under the skin. […] Pustules/Scabs, days 11 to 14, contagious. The bumps begin to form a crust and then scab. By the end of the second week after the rash appears, most of the sores have scabbed over. […] Resolving scabs, days 15 to 21, contagious. The scabs begin to fall off, leaving marks on the skin that eventually become scars. Most scabs will have fallen off three weeks after the rash appears. The person is contagious until all of the scabs have fallen off. […] Scabs resolved, day 21 and beyond, not contagious. Scabs fall off. […] Variola major has an overall death rate of about 30 percent. Flat and hemorrhagic smallpox usually are deadly. Variola minor: This form has a death rate of 1 percent or less. […] People who are sick from smallpox need to be isolated.

• #1 Signs and symptoms, treatment and prevention of smallpox

  https://www.mymed.com/diseases-conditions/smallpox

  Smallpox was highly contagious and could be spread from person to person via close personal contact. There was a general incubation period of between 7 and 17 days once a person had been exposed to the infectious agent. Once a fever developed, an infected person became contagious and could transmit the virus to another person. A person was considered to be at their most contagious when lesions and bumps first developed around the mouth and throat areas (normally within the first week). From there, the virus was mostly transmittable through contact with the moisture droplets released during respiration by an infected person most commonly from the nose (when sneezing) or mouth (during coughing or through saliva). Lesions and bumps which formed on the skin contained fluid (either clear, opaque or pus) and the variola virus. Contact with this fluid and the scabs which later formed could also spread infection (although to a lesser extent than the respiratory secretion and saliva contact route). An infected individual remained contagious until the very last scab had fallen away from the body.

• #1 Smallpox: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10855-smallpox

  There are a few types of smallpox that cause slightly different symptoms: Ordinary smallpox. Ordinary smallpox was the most common type of smallpox and caused the symptoms described above. It caused about 85% of cases. About 1 in 3 people with ordinary smallpox died. Modified-type smallpox. People who had been vaccinated sometimes got modified-type smallpox. This was similar to ordinary smallpox, but the rash was less severe and didn’t last as long. Most people survived modified-type smallpox. Flat-type (malignant) smallpox. Flat-type smallpox caused more severe initial symptoms than ordinary smallpox. The bumps from the rash merged together and never got hard or fluid-filled. This made a flat, soft rash that didn’t form scabs. Flat-type smallpox happened more often in children. It was almost always fatal. Hemorrhagic smallpox. Hemorrhagic smallpox was more common in pregnant women. It caused severe initial symptoms. The rash usually didn’t get hard and fluid-filled. Instead, the skin underneath it bled, causing it to look black or burnt. It also caused internal bleeding and organ failure. Hemorrhagic smallpox was almost always fatal.

• #1 Smallpox – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox

  The incubation period between contraction and the first obvious symptoms of the disease was 7–14 days. […] The mortality rate from variola minor is approximately 1%, while the mortality rate from variola major is approximately 30%. Ordinary type-confluent is fatal about 50–75% of the time, ordinary-type semi-confluent about 25–50% of the time, in cases where the rash is discrete the case-fatality rate is less than 10%. The overall fatality rate for children younger than 1 year of age is 40–50%. Hemorrhagic and flat types have the highest fatality rates. The fatality rate for flat or late hemorrhagic type smallpox is 90% or greater and nearly 100% is observed in cases of early hemorrhagic smallpox. […] In fatal cases of ordinary smallpox, death usually occurs between days 10–16 of the illness. The cause of death from smallpox is not clear, but the infection is now known to involve multiple organs.

• #1 Smallpox Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Vaccination, Isolation Recommendations From the CDC

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/237229-treatment

  After exposure to the smallpox virus, a symptom-free incubation period follows. It normally lasts 10-12 days but may vary from 7-17 days. Smallpox begins with fever, headache, and severe backache. A rash appears after 2-4 days and progresses through characteristic stages of papules, vesicles, pustules, and, finally, scabs. The scabs desquamate at the end of the third or fourth week. […] Smallpox can lead to various complications, some of which can be severe and life-threatening. Here are some of the potential complications associated with smallpox: Secondary bacterial infections: The skin lesions characteristic of smallpox can provide entry points for bacteria, leading to secondary bacterial infections. These infections can cause cellulitis, abscesses, or more serious conditions such as sepsis. Scarring: Smallpox lesions often result in significant scarring, particularly in cases of severe infection. These scars can be disfiguring and may have long-term psychological effects on survivors. Eye complications: Smallpox can lead to keratitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulceration. In severe cases, these complications can result in vision loss or blindness. Pneumonia: Severe cases of smallpox can lead to pneumonia, which can be life-threatening, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or comorbidities. Encephalitis: In rare cases, smallpox can cause encephalitis, leading to neurological symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures, and coma. Encephalitis can be fatal or result in long-term neurological impairment in survivors. Hematologic complications: Smallpox can lead to hematologic complications such as thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Death: Smallpox has a mortality rate ranging from 30%-40% in unvaccinated individuals, making it a potentially fatal disease, especially in severe cases or in populations with limited access to healthcare.

• #1 Smallpox: History, cause, vaccine, and does it still exist?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/smallpox

  Smallpox symptoms went through several stages over the course of the illness. The initial symptoms included: sore throat, headaches, high fever, weakness or fatigue, backache, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, chills, lack of appetite. […] The initial symptoms would last about 4 days. Then, the eruptive phase would begin. This involved a rash that began in the throat before spreading to the face and other parts of the body. The rash consisted of lesions that would grow and develop into deep, round pustules. […] These pustules would crust and form scabs before falling off after about 14 days. Often, they would leave scars in people who survived. […] Other potential complications of smallpox included: encephalitis, osteomyelitis, miscarriage or stillbirth, infertility in males, blindness. […] The symptoms of smallpox included head and body aches, fever, vomiting, and a rash that turned into pustules and scabs.

• #1 Smallpox Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/237229-clinical

  Ten to 20% of patients with smallpox develop ophthalmologic complications (variola residua). Conjunctivitis is most common, appearing 5 days after rash onset. Some patients develop painful pustules and bulbar conjunctivitis. During epidemics, corneal ulceration was common (complicated by bacterial superinfection and perforation). […] Two to 5% of children develop osteomyelitis (osteomyelitis variolosa), due to viral invasion of the bone rather than as a result of secondary infection. Radiographic surveys in children have found rates as high as 20%.

• #1 Smallpox Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/smallpox.html

  A case of smallpox passes through six stages. […] Initial symptoms arise over the next two to four days and include fever (101° to 104° F), head and body aches, and generally feeling very sick. […] Early rash lasts about four days. Typically, a rash first appears as red spots in the mouth that turn to sores, and then spread to the mouth and throat. […] The pustules develop into scabs, and most bumps scab over within two weeks after the early rash appeared. […] Finally, the scabs fall off, often leaving a pitted scar. Most scabs are gone by three weeks after the rash appears. Once all the scabs disappear, the person is no longer contagious. […] A case of smallpox usually lasts about five weeks. This includes an average of 12 days of the incubation period, four days of the initial symptoms, four days of an early rash, five days of pustular rash, five days of scabs, and six days for the scabs to fall off.

• #1 Smallpox Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/smallpox/

  The incubation period for smallpox is about 12 days. But symptoms can develop as soon as 7 days or as long as 19 days after exposure. […] You may mistake a severe chickenpox rash for a smallpox rash at first. But different viruses cause these illnesses and there are many differences between chickenpox and smallpox rashes.

• #1 Smallpox | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/smallpox

  Smallpox is a serious, highly contagious, and sometimes fatal infectious disease. […] Symptoms of smallpox begin 12–14 days (range: 7–17) after exposure, starting with a 2–3 day prodrome of high fever, malaise, and prostration with severe headache and backache. This preeruptive stage is followed by the appearance of a maculopapular rash (i.e., eruptive stage) that progresses to papules 1–2 days after the rash appears; vesicles appear on the fourth or fifth day; pustules appear by the seventh day; and scab lesions appear on the fourteenth day. The rash appears first on the oral mucosa, face, and forearms, then spreads to the trunk and legs. Lesions might erupt on the palms and soles as well. Smallpox skin lesions are deeply embedded in the dermis and feel like firm round objects embedded in the skin. As the skin lesions heal, the scabs separate and pitted scarring gradually develops. Smallpox patients are most infectious during the first week of the rash when the oral mucosa lesions ulcerate and release substantial amounts of virus into the saliva. A patient is no longer infectious after all scabs have separated (i.e., 3–4 weeks after the onset of the rash).

• #2 What Are the Symptoms of Mpox (Monkeypox)?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/smallpox-treatment-4161059

  Mpox typically begins with flu-like symptoms, including fever, headache, muscle aches, and exhaustion. Different from smallpox, a key feature of mpox is that it also causes the lymph nodes to swell, according to the CDC. […] After one to three days, the patient develops a rash, often beginning on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body. […] Within one to three days, a rash will likely appear. It tends to start in the face and then spread to other parts of the body. Mpox causes skin abnormalities, called lesions, across the body, including on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. […] The lesions will progress through four stages from flat spots to raised bumps to blisters and lesions filled with pus. The lesions will usually be the same size and stage of development on any given part of the body. As the body heals from the disease, the lesions will turn into scabs and eventually fall off. […] Symptoms may not emerge until five to 21 days after infection with mpox. […] The illness typically lasts for two to four weeks.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Smallpox | Smallpox | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/signs-symptoms/index.html

  A person with smallpox goes through several stages as the disease progresses. Each stage has its own signs and symptoms. […] It can take 7 to 19 days after being infected before a person shows symptoms of smallpox. […] People with smallpox will develop a rash, which progresses to pustules and then scabs. […] This stage lasts anywhere from 2 to 4 days. […] The first symptoms include: High fever, Head and body aches, Sometimes vomiting. […] A rash starts as small red spots on the tongue and in the mouth. These spots change into sores that break open and spread large amounts of the virus into the mouth and throat. […] Once the skin sores fill with fluid, the fever may rise again and remain high until scabs form over the bumps. […] The sores become pustules (sharply raised, usually round and firm to the touch, like peas under the skin). […] After about 5 days, the pustules begin to form a crust and then scab. […] The scabs begin to fall off, leaving marks on the skin. […] Once all scabs have fallen off, the person is no longer contagious.

• #2 Smallpox: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10855-smallpox

  Smallpox caused a hard, blistering rash over most of your body that left disfiguring scars. […] Symptoms of smallpox come in stages and include: High fever. Severe headache. Backache. Stomach pain. Extreme fatigue and weakness. Vomiting. Rash that starts in your mouth and spreads to your face, then to the rest of your body. Sores, then hard pustules that form from the rash. […] Symptoms like fever, headache and fatigue appear first. They last two to four days, though the fever may continue or come back after the rash appears. The rash then goes through stages that each last several days. […] The smallpox rash starts in your mouth and on your face and quickly covers most of your body. It starts as a rash and ends up as hard bumps that turn into scabs. […] In the most common type of smallpox (ordinary smallpox), the rash goes through several stages: Early rash. After your initial symptoms, a rash develops on your tongue and the insides of your mouth and throat. Red spots in your mouth become sores, which break open. Spreading rash. The rash spreads to your face and then your arms, legs, back and torso. In about a day, it spreads all over your body, including the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. Bumps on your skin fill with pus (thick fluid). There may be a dent in the middle of each bump. It takes about two days for the bumps to fill with fluid. Pustular rash and scabs. Bumps turn into pustules (firm, round lumps). Over the next 10 days, crusty scabs form over the pustules. Scabs resolve. Over about a week, the scabs fall off, leaving scars.

• #2 Smallpox: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/smallpox.htm

  Smallpox symptoms […] Cardinal signs have been described. The rash is vesicular, most dense on the face and extremities, beginning on days 3-4 of illness. Enlarging vesicles coalesce to form soft, flaccid bullae covered by skin, which easily rubs off, leaving painful exposed areas. […] Variola major – this is the more severe and most common form of the disease accounting for 90% of cases. These patients present with fevers, and extensive rashes, and there is a 30% mortality rate. […] Prodrome (2-4 days): usually contagious with abrupt onset of fever (usually 39C), malaise, headache, intense, ill-defined body ache (back, chest, loins), vomiting, and anxiety. […] Early rash (~4 days): highly contagious and the rash emerges as small red spots on the tongue and in the mouth. These develop into sores that break open and shed the viral load into the mouth and pharynx. The rash spreads centrifugally to the face, arms and legs and, over 24 hours, to the whole body.

• #2 Smallpox: Causes, Symptoms, & Vaccines

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/smallpox-causes-treatment

  Smallpox gets its name from the most common sign of the disease: small skin-colored blisters that pop up on the face, arms, and body, and fill up with pus. […] Other symptoms include: Flu-like fatigue, Headache, Body aches, Intense back pain, Some vomiting, High fever, Mouth sores and blisters that spread the virus into the throat, A skin rash that gets worse, Blindness that can happen when blisters form near the eyes. […] Usually, you wont show symptoms of smallpox for about 10-12 days after you’ve been exposed to someone infected with the virus. But the incubation period (the number of days it takes for symptoms to appear after youre infected with the virus) can be as little as 7 days or as long as 17 days. […] The earliest symptoms happen about 12 days after exposure. You may get a high fever, feel extremely weak, vomit, and have body aches. About 2 days after that, the virus begins to spread to the outer layer of your skin. Once you get a fever, you become contagious and can spread the disease to other people.

• #2 Smallpox Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/237229-clinical

  The incubation period of smallpox ranges from 7-17 days but is usually 10-12 days. During the incubation period, patients are not contagious. […] The prodromal phase of smallpox lasts 2-4 days and is characterized by the following: Fever (38.8-40C [101-104F]), Severe headache, Backache, Pharyngitis, Nausea, Vomiting (rare), Prostration, Enanthema on the mucous membranes of the tongue and the oropharynx. […] The characteristic rash of smallpox begins after the prodromal phase. Small, red macules first appear on the face and then spread to the extremities and trunk. Over 1-2 days, the macules develop into firm, 2- to 3-mm papules. Within 1-2 more days, the papules evolve into 2- to 5-mm vesicles. […] Most patients with smallpox report severe headaches and spinal pain. […] By the third day of the rash, it turns into raised papules. By the fourth day, the papules fill with a thick, opaque fluid and often have a depression in the center that resembles an umbilicus (bellybutton), which is a major distinguishing characteristic of smallpox.

• #2 Smallpox: Vaccine, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Pictures

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/smallpox/article_em.htm

  Smallpox is a disease caused by a poxvirus that is transmitted from person to person causes high fever, and characteristic rash, and may kill about one-third of those infected. […] After infection, symptoms may take from seven to 17 days to appear for major types of smallpox. The virus begins growing in the bloodstream 72-96 hours after infection, but no obvious symptoms appear immediately. […] People who have contracted smallpox initially develop such symptoms as fever, body aches, headache, chills, malaise, muscle aches, and particularly backache. Over half of people with smallpox experience chills and vomiting. Some become confused. […] A rash appears 48-72 hours after the initial symptoms and turns into virus-filled sores, which later scab over. The process can take up to two weeks.

• #2 Smallpox – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/pox-viruses/smallpox

  Variola major has a 10- to 12-day incubation period (range 7 to 17 days), followed by a 2- to 3-day prodrome of fever, headache, backache, and extreme malaise. Sometimes severe abdominal pain and vomiting occur. After the prodrome, maculopapular lesions develop on the oropharyngeal mucosa, face, and arms, spreading shortly thereafter to the trunk and legs. The oropharyngeal lesions quickly ulcerate. After 1 or 2 days, the cutaneous lesions become vesicular, then pustular. Pustules are denser on the face and extremities than on the trunk, and they may appear on the palms. The pustules are round and tense and appear deeply embedded. Skin lesions of smallpox, unlike those of chickenpox, are all at the same stage of development on a given body part. After 8 or 9 days, the pustules become crusted. Severe residual scarring is typical.

• #2

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/emergency-preparedness-response/public-health-care-system-preparedness/small-pox.html

  Initial (first) symptoms, lasts two to four days, sometimes contagious. Fever, discomfort, head and body aches, and some times vomiting are present. The fever is usually high, in the range of 101F to 104F. At this time, people are usually too sick to carry on their normal activities. […] Early rash, days 1 to 5, contagious. A rash develops as small red spots on the tongue and in the mouth. These spots develop into sores. The sores break open and spread large amounts of the virus into the mouth and throat. At this time, the person becomes most contagious. When or after the sores in the mouth break open, a rash appears on the skin. The rash starts on the face, spreads to the arms and legs, and then to the hands and feet. Usually the rash spreads to all parts of the body within 24 hours. As the rash appears, the fever usually goes down and the person may start to feel better. By the third day, the rash becomes raised bumps. By the fourth day, the bumps fill with a thick, dark fluid and often have a mark in the center that looks like a bellybutton. The fever often will rise again at this time and remain high until scabs form over the bumps.

• #2 Smallpox: Causes, Symptoms, & Vaccines

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/smallpox-causes-treatment

  Around 12-14 days after exposure, youll develop a flat red rash that begins in the membranes of the mouth and throat and on your face and hands. It then spreads to the rest of the body, usually within 24 hours. The rash develops blisters within a day or two. Once the rash appears, your fever will probably drop, and youll begin feeling better. […] Smallpox blisters usually cover a persons entire body from head to toe, including the mouth and throat. Here is how the rash changes throughout the illness: The rash starts with flat red sores in the mouth and quickly spreads across the body within about 24 hours. The rash turns into raised bumps filled with clear liquid. The bumps turn into pus-filled blisters a day or two later. The blisters crust over, usually about a week later. Scabs form over the blisters and then fall off over the next 3-4 weeks. They can cause permanent scars.

• #2

  http://www.idph.state.il.us/bioterrorism/factsheets/smallpox.htm

  Smallpox is a serious, contagious and some times deadly disease caused by theOrthopoxvirus. It no longer exists in nature. The last case was reported in 1978. The virus only exists is two laboratories, one in Russia and one in the United States. […] Variola major is the most serious and most common form of smallpox. It produces an extensive rash and high fever. […] The fever is usually high, in the range of 101F to 104F. […] At this time, people are usually too sick to carry on their normal activities. […] A rash develops as small red spots on the tongue and in the mouth. These spots develop into sores. The sores break open and spread large amounts of the virus into the mouth and throat. At this time, the person becomes most contagious. […] When or after the sores in the mouth break open, a rash appears on the skin. The rash starts on the face, spreads to the arms and legs, and then to the hands and feet.

• #2 Smallpox: Vaccine, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Pictures

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/smallpox/article_em.htm

  Just after the rash appears, the virus is highly contagious as it moves into the mucous membranes. The body sheds the cells, and virus particles are released, coughed, or sneezed into the environment. The infected person can be infectious for up to three weeks (until the scabs fall off the rash). […] Early in the course of the disease, the rash and pus-filled sores can look like and easily be mistaken for chickenpox. Lesions occur first in the mouth and spread to the face, then to the forearms and hands, and finally to the lower limbs and trunk. In contrast, rashes from chickenpox progress from the arms and legs to the trunk and rarely form in the armpits, palms, soles, and elbow areas.

• #2 What Is Smallpox? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/infectious-diseases/smallpox/

  Within a couple of days, the rash turns into small red bumps that look like blisters. By the fourth day of the rash, the spots transform into sores that fill with a thick, opaque fluid and have a dent in the center. […] The crater-like sores turn into pustules (pus-filled lesions), becoming sharply raised, round, and firm to the touch. […] After about five days, the pustules begin to form a crust and then scab over. Most sores reach this stage by the end of the second week of the rash. […] The scabs fall off after about one more week, leaving deep pockmarks. […] Initial symptoms last for two to four days and typically include high fever, headaches and body aches, and sometimes vomiting. The person may be contagious during this phase. […] A person is most contagious over the next four days, when a red rash appears and spreads, then turns into fluid-filled sores. […] The next phase, in which the sores become pustules, then form into scabs, lasts about 10 days. […] It takes about six days for the scabs to fall off. At this point, the person is no longer contagious.

• #2 FAQs • What are the symptoms of smallpox?

  https://www.klickitatcounty.org/FAQ.aspx?QID=166

  What are the symptoms of smallpox? The symptoms of smallpox begin with high fever, head and body aches, and sometimes vomiting. A rash follows that spreads and progresses to raised bumps that crust, scab, and fall off after about three weeks, leaving a pitted scar. […] The symptoms of smallpox begin with high fever, head and body aches, and sometimes vomiting. A rash follows that spreads and progresses to raised bumps that crust, scab, and fall off after about three weeks, leaving a pitted scar. […] After exposure, it takes between 7 and 17 days for symptoms of smallpox to appear (average incubation time is 12 to 14 days). During this time, the infected person feels fine and is not contagious. […] A person with smallpox is sometimes contagious with onset of fever (prodrome phase), but the person becomes most contagious with the onset of rash. The infected person is contagious until the last smallpox scab falls off.

• #2 Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Smallpox | Smallpox | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/hcp/clinical-signs/index.html

  Modified-type smallpox occurs in previously vaccinated individuals. In this type, the prodrome stage may still consist of severe headache, backache, and fever, and may last as long as in ordinary type. […] Flat-type or malignant smallpox is very rare, and is characterized by intense toxemia. […] Hemorrhagic-type smallpox occurs among all ages and in both sexes, but is more common in adults. […] Death usually occurs by the 5th or 6th day of the rash, often before characteristic smallpox lesions develop.

• #2 Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Smallpox | Smallpox | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/hcp/clinical-signs/index.html

  Ordinary smallpox was the most common form, accounting for over 85% of all cases during the smallpox era. […] The first symptoms of the prodrome begin after the incubation period and include: Fever as high as 101F to 105F (38.3C to 40.5C), Malaise, Prostration, Headache, Backache, Vomiting, Severe abdominal pain, Chills, Anorexia, Pharyngitis. […] As the fever subsides, rash lesions begin to develop. Lesions usually appear first on the oropharynx, followed by the face and extremities, and then spread to the trunk, palms, and soles in a centrifugal pattern of distribution. […] Lesions develop uniformly throughout the disease and progress from macules to papules to vesicles over the course of 4 to 5 days. […] Crusting and scab formation typically begins by the ninth day of exanthema. The crusts slough off around 14 days after rash onset.

• #2 Smallpox – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/pox-viruses/smallpox

  Case fatality rate is about 30%. Death results from a massive inflammatory response causing shock and multiple organ failure and usually occurs during the 2nd week of illness. […] About 5 to 10% of people with variola major develop either a hemorrhagic or a malignant (flat) variant. […] The hemorrhagic form is rarer and has a shorter, more intense prodrome, followed by generalized erythema and cutaneous and mucosal hemorrhage. It is uniformly fatal within 5 or 6 days. […] The malignant form has a similar, severe prodrome, followed by development of confluent, flat, nonpustular skin lesions. In survivors, the epidermis frequently desquamates. […] Variola minor results in symptoms that are similar but much less severe, with a less extensive rash. […] Case fatality rate is 1%.

• #2 Smallpox – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/pox-viruses/smallpox

  Symptoms of the severe form usually begin 7 to 17 days after infection. Infected people develop fever, headache, and backache and feel extremely ill. They may have severe abdominal pain and become delirious. […] After 2 or 3 days, a rash of flat, red spots develops in the mouth and on the face. Shortly thereafter, it spreads to the trunk and legs, then the hands and feet. People are contagious only after the rash has started and are most contagious for the first 7 to 10 days after the rash appears. After 1 or 2 days, the spots turn into blisters, which fill with pus (forming pustules). After 8 or 9 days, the pustules become crusted. […] About 30% of people with smallpox die, usually in the second week of the disease. Some of the survivors are left with large, disfiguring scars. […] In a few people with the severe form, the initial symptoms develop more quickly and are more intense. One rare type, called hemorrhagic smallpox, causes bleeding. After a few days, bleeding occurs in the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract. Almost all people with hemorrhagic smallpox die in 5 or 6 days. […] In the less severe form, symptoms are similar but much less severe. The rash is much less extensive, and fewer than 1% of people die.

• #2 Smallpox Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/237229-clinical

  Ten to 20% of patients with smallpox develop ophthalmologic complications (variola residua). Conjunctivitis is most common, appearing 5 days after rash onset. Some patients develop painful pustules and bulbar conjunctivitis. During epidemics, corneal ulceration was common (complicated by bacterial superinfection and perforation). […] Two to 5% of children develop osteomyelitis (osteomyelitis variolosa), due to viral invasion of the bone rather than as a result of secondary infection. Radiographic surveys in children have found rates as high as 20%.

• #2 Smallpox – symptoms, vaccine and how it differs from monkeypox | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/smallpox

  Smallpox is a serious and highly contagious disease caused by the variola virus. It was once a common virus, but has now been entirely removed from the world through vaccination. It killed millions of people worldwide before the World Health Organization (WHO) began an international immunisation campaign. […] Symptoms of smallpox can develop 7 to 19 days of exposure to smallpox. In the first few days, symptoms include: fever over 40C, back and headaches, chills, body aches, nausea and vomiting, sore throat. […] About 3 days later a rash of fluid-filled blisters develops in the mouth and spreads over the body. These blisters crust over and form scabs. After about 3 weeks, the scabs fall off and leave scars. […] Smallpox can lead to severe complications. It may lead to death. Complications of smallpox may include: scarring of the skin, blindness, pneumonia, arthritis and joint deformities, bone infections, encephalitis.

• #2 Smallpox: History, cause, vaccine, and does it still exist?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/smallpox

  Smallpox symptoms went through several stages over the course of the illness. The initial symptoms included: sore throat, headaches, high fever, weakness or fatigue, backache, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, chills, lack of appetite. […] The initial symptoms would last about 4 days. Then, the eruptive phase would begin. This involved a rash that began in the throat before spreading to the face and other parts of the body. The rash consisted of lesions that would grow and develop into deep, round pustules. […] These pustules would crust and form scabs before falling off after about 14 days. Often, they would leave scars in people who survived. […] Other potential complications of smallpox included: encephalitis, osteomyelitis, miscarriage or stillbirth, infertility in males, blindness. […] The symptoms of smallpox included head and body aches, fever, vomiting, and a rash that turned into pustules and scabs.

• #2 Signs and symptoms, treatment and prevention of smallpox

  https://www.mymed.com/diseases-conditions/smallpox

  A contagious infection, smallpox has a somewhat devastating history. It could be easily spread once contracted, with progressive symptoms (that were often disfiguring) and high mortality rates. At least a third of infections in unvaccinated individuals before 1980 resulted in deaths from the disease. Characteristics of the disease include a very high fever and fatigue, soon followed by a distinctive body rash, mostly affecting the facial area and limbs (arms and legs). The spotty rash then develops into fluid-filled lesions (pustules) which form a crust. These crusted formations dry out, forming scabs and fall off the surface of the skin, leaving behind disfiguring scars. It is possible for an infection to be successfully treated, but not without some permanent scarring. In some instances, a person can even become blind as a result of infection.

• #2 Clinical Features of Smallpox – Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230904/

  The primary event that triggers the production of focal lesions in orthopoxvirus infections is the localization of virus particles in the small dermal blood vessels. Subsequently, adjacent epidermal cells are infected, and skin lesions develop. The earliest change is dilation of the capillaries in the papillary layer of the dermis, followed by swelling of the endothelial cells in the walls of these vessels and subsequently perivascular cuffing with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. […] The lack of a homy, keratinized cell layer permits the lesions on the mucous membranes to ulcerate soon after their formation, releasing large amounts of highly infectious virus into the saliva. Viral titers, or amounts of virus in throat swabs, are at their maximum on the third and fourth days of the disease. In fatal cases, virus is usually still present in throat swabs at the time of death. The onset of infectivity coincides with the development of the rash and is due to the release of the virus from the ulcerated surfaces of these skin and mucosal lesions. […] Death is usually the result of disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse; these are exacerbated by clotting defects in the rare hemorrhagic type of smallpox.

• #2 Smallpox | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/smallpox/

  Pustular Rash and Scabs (lasts about 10 days): Sores become pustules (raised, usually round and firm to the touch). After about 5 days, pustules begin to form a crust and then scab. By the end of the 2nd week after the rash appears, most of the sores have scabbed over. […] Scabs Fall Off (lasts about 6 days): Scabs begin to fall off, leaving marks on the skin. Three weeks after the rash appears, most scabs will have fallen off. […] No Scabs: Four weeks after the rash appears, all scabs should have fallen off. Once all scabs have fallen off, the person is no longer contagious.

• #3 Smallpox Facts – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/smallpox/smallpox.html

  The symptoms of smallpox begin with a high fever, head and body aches and, in some cases, vomiting. After two to four days, a rash appears. The rash spreads, and develops into raised bumps that crust and scab over. After about three weeks, the scabs fall off, leaving pitted scars. […] The first symptoms of smallpox usually show up about 12-14 days after a person has been exposed to the illness, although symptoms can take as little as seven days or as long as 17 days to appear. Once the first symptoms appear, the patient is usually too ill to travel or engage in most forms of activity. The patient doesn’t become infectious – capable to transmitting the disease to others – until the rash appears.

• #3 Smallpox Virus (Variola) Vaccine, Causes, Symptoms, Incubation

  https://www.medicinenet.com/smallpox/article.htm

  Fever is the most common initial symptom and can be quite high. […] Flu-like symptoms such as body aches, chills, and headaches accompany the fever. […] Often, the patient is too unwell to get out of bed (malaise). […] Within 24-48 hours, a rash begins to appear everywhere on the body but especially on the legs, arms, mouth, and face. […] Pharyngitis (sore throat), abdominal pain, back pain, and occasionally vomiting may also develop. […] Smallpox may also affect the eyes, leading to potential blindness among survivors. Symptoms in children are similar to those in adults. The rash also appears on the palms and soles and goes through stages as the disease progresses. In the beginning, the rash consists of red dots that become raised. The skin lesions rapidly fill with fluid and may turn yellow, resembling pus. Rarely, the rash may start to fill with blood (hemorrhagic smallpox), which is a poor prognostic sign. After one to two weeks, the lesions scab over and eventually fall off, leaving deep scars. One of the defining features of smallpox is that all the lesions on the body are always at the same stage of development. This is in contrast to chickenpox where new lesions form while old ones are healing.

• #3

  http://www.idph.state.il.us/bioterrorism/factsheets/smallpox.htm

  Smallpox is a serious, contagious and some times deadly disease caused by theOrthopoxvirus. It no longer exists in nature. The last case was reported in 1978. The virus only exists is two laboratories, one in Russia and one in the United States. […] Variola major is the most serious and most common form of smallpox. It produces an extensive rash and high fever. […] The fever is usually high, in the range of 101F to 104F. […] At this time, people are usually too sick to carry on their normal activities. […] A rash develops as small red spots on the tongue and in the mouth. These spots develop into sores. The sores break open and spread large amounts of the virus into the mouth and throat. At this time, the person becomes most contagious. […] When or after the sores in the mouth break open, a rash appears on the skin. The rash starts on the face, spreads to the arms and legs, and then to the hands and feet.

• #3 Clinical Features of Smallpox – Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230904/

  The usual entry of variola virus is through the respiratory tract with infection of the oropharyngeal (mouth) or respiratory (trachea and lung) mucosa. Secretions from the mouth and nose, rather than scab material, are the most important source of human-to-human transmission. The initial infection in the oropharynx or respiratory tract produces neither symptoms nor local lesions, and patients are not infectious until an oropharyngeal enanthem appears at the end of the primary incubation period. Transmission to others is generally through coughing out of virions in oropharyngeal secretions. Patients are most infectious during the first week of rash. […] The appearance of high fever and then lesions on the skin marks the end of the incubation period. Smallpox pathogenesis is a poorly understood series of events in which the virus first disseminates locally, then through the lymphatic system, and finally to the skin without affecting vital organs.

• #3 Smallpox | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/smallpox

  Smallpox occurs in two clinical forms: variola major and variola minor. Variola major causes a more severe form of smallpox, with a more extensive rash and higher fever. Variola major has four distinct syndromes: ordinary (the most frequent type, accounting for 90% or more of cases); modified (mild and occurring in previously vaccinated persons); flat; and hemorrhagic (rare and very severe). Historically, variola major has an overall fatality rate of about 30%; however, flat and hemorrhagic smallpox usually are fatal. Variola minor is a less common presentation of smallpox, and a much less severe disease, with death rates historically of 1% or less. […] The first symptoms of smallpox include fever, malaise, head and body aches, and sometimes vomiting. The fever is usually high, in the range of 101o to 104o Fahrenheit. At this time, people are usually too sick to carry on their normal activities. This is called the prodrome phase and may last for 2 – 4 days.

• #3 Smallpox – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/pox-viruses/smallpox

  Symptoms of the severe form usually begin 7 to 17 days after infection. Infected people develop fever, headache, and backache and feel extremely ill. They may have severe abdominal pain and become delirious. […] After 2 or 3 days, a rash of flat, red spots develops in the mouth and on the face. Shortly thereafter, it spreads to the trunk and legs, then the hands and feet. People are contagious only after the rash has started and are most contagious for the first 7 to 10 days after the rash appears. After 1 or 2 days, the spots turn into blisters, which fill with pus (forming pustules). After 8 or 9 days, the pustules become crusted. […] About 30% of people with smallpox die, usually in the second week of the disease. Some of the survivors are left with large, disfiguring scars. […] In a few people with the severe form, the initial symptoms develop more quickly and are more intense. One rare type, called hemorrhagic smallpox, causes bleeding. After a few days, bleeding occurs in the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract. Almost all people with hemorrhagic smallpox die in 5 or 6 days. […] In the less severe form, symptoms are similar but much less severe. The rash is much less extensive, and fewer than 1% of people die.

• #3 Smallpox – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis – MedBroadcast.com

  https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/smallpox

  Death from smallpox typically occurs in about 30% of unvaccinated people developing the common variola major form of the disease. In those who have been vaccinated, the death rate is about 3%. One variant of the disease is called variola minor. Symptoms of variola minor are similar to variola major but much less severe, and the death rate from it is less than 1%. These estimates come from the rates of death before 1972 (the last naturally occurring case of the disease). Many of the deaths occurred from bacterial infections getting into sores; good wound care is thus extremely important. Death from smallpox usually occurs during the second week of symptoms.

• #3 Smallpox – Our World in Data

  https://ourworldindata.org/smallpox

  The specific way a smallpox infection would lead to a patient’s death remains unclear. The Oxford Textbook of Medicine notes that people infected may develop symptoms of prostration (total exhaustion), toxemia (toxins in the blood), and hypotension (low blood pressure), which all contribute, but the mechanism by which smallpox causes such symptoms are not clear.

• #4 Clinical Features of Smallpox – Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230904/

  The usual entry of variola virus is through the respiratory tract with infection of the oropharyngeal (mouth) or respiratory (trachea and lung) mucosa. Secretions from the mouth and nose, rather than scab material, are the most important source of human-to-human transmission. The initial infection in the oropharynx or respiratory tract produces neither symptoms nor local lesions, and patients are not infectious until an oropharyngeal enanthem appears at the end of the primary incubation period. Transmission to others is generally through coughing out of virions in oropharyngeal secretions. Patients are most infectious during the first week of rash. […] The appearance of high fever and then lesions on the skin marks the end of the incubation period. Smallpox pathogenesis is a poorly understood series of events in which the virus first disseminates locally, then through the lymphatic system, and finally to the skin without affecting vital organs.

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